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Open Access Article
1 - An Enhanced Rotor Side Converter Control of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines For Improving LVRT Capability During Balanced Grid Faults
Hamid Rahimi EsfahaniAbstract- Among variable speed wind turbines the use of doubly-fed induction generator based wind turbines are very common. However, due to their stator direct connection to the grid, they are very sensitive to grid faults. This paper analyzes the low voltage ride-thr MoreAbstract- Among variable speed wind turbines the use of doubly-fed induction generator based wind turbines are very common. However, due to their stator direct connection to the grid, they are very sensitive to grid faults. This paper analyzes the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability enhancement under the three-phase balanced grid fault. Therefore the variations of 5 parameters during balanced grid fault are Analyzed. These parameters are stator voltage, rotor current, stator current, rotor speed, and the DC link voltage. To improve the LVRT capability an enhanced demagnetization control method is proposed. This method shortens the natural stator current time constant and approximately immunes the system against parameter variations as shown in simulation results. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, the results are compared with one of the best previous demagnetization control methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A futuristic look at the Permission Based Marketing model in the field of banking using the Delphi approach (Case study: Bank Mellat)
Elham Zarif chenarani mashhad esfandiar doshmanziari farzad asayeshThe purpose of this study is to design, explain and present a Permission Based Marketing model in the field of banking among the employees of Bank Mellat branches.In this research, the combined method strategy has been used to answer the research questions. In this rese MoreThe purpose of this study is to design, explain and present a Permission Based Marketing model in the field of banking among the employees of Bank Mellat branches.In this research, the combined method strategy has been used to answer the research questions. In this research, by means of Delphi method, the opinions of experts in this field have been collected and summarized. According to the purpose, the research is one of the applied and developmental researches and in terms of implementation method, it is a descriptive survey. First, the initial conceptual model extracted from the subject and background literature by the meta-integration method has been refined by organizational experts using the Delphi method. Data collection tool was an open questionnaire and purposive sampling method was judgmental. In the quantitative part, the Delphi process was performed in three rounds, and the criterion for stopping the rounds was reaching the Kendall agreement coefficient to an acceptable level.The findings show that Permission Based Marketing indicators in Bank Mellat can be grouped into six categories: advertising effectiveness, information technology, marketing capability, customer satisfaction, continuity of customer relationship and customer attitude, which are more important in terms of attitude Customer, advertising effectiveness, customer relationship continuity, customer satisfaction, information technology and marketing capabilities.The results showed that the bank's commitment to the customer is one of the main reasons for permission based marketing,Keywords: Foresight, Permission Based Marketing, Delphi Technique, Banking scope Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Role of E-learning Future Studies in Entrepreneurship Development: A qualitative Research
Arezoo Rahimzadeh Yengeh ghalleh Kiomars Niazazri negin jabbaryAbstractBackground:Future Studies;The knowledge of analysis,design and intelligent establishment of the future,and E-learning as one of the most important educational methods in the field of information andcommunication technology,by removing time and place and achievin MoreAbstractBackground:Future Studies;The knowledge of analysis,design and intelligent establishment of the future,and E-learning as one of the most important educational methods in the field of information andcommunication technology,by removing time and place and achieving various educational opportunities,requires a concept to create an image of the future for improvement and entrepreneurship.Objective:This study aims to investigate the role of future studies of E-learning in entrepreneurship development.Method:In this study,ccording to the purpose and nature of the research,the combined research method has been used with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.In statistical population of the qualitative section,18experts,pundits,university chancellors and elites of the scientific community were chosen by snowball sampling method;and in a quantitative part,224faculty members of North Khorasan universities was selected by stratified random sampling according to the size of the colleges.For data collection,a researcher-made interview and a questionnaire were used.The reliability coefficientofeach category was obtained by using Cronbach's alpha test Results:The results present that this coefficient is morethan0.7forallcomponents.The analysis methodof interview data, in the qualitative part, has been selected open, axial and selective coding and in the quantitative part has been selected the confirmatory factor analysis present that117opencodeswasidentifiedintheformoftwocomponents(externaland internal indicator)and entrepreneurship development component of E-learning was identified 62open codes was identified in the form of two components(quality strategies for the development of E-learning and E-learning substructures)The results of factor analysis of the second order also confirm that the components of entrepreneurship development,ntrepreneurship capability component is the most important and entrepreneurial culture with the coefficient of0.58is the least important in the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Designing a Model of Resistance Businesses in Service Industries
Hoda Zeynali Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi mirza hassn Hosseini Sina nemati zadehBackground: Considering that service industries have the largest share in the economy of countries and today we are facing unpredictable crises, therefore the resilience and stability of these businesses is of particular importance.Objective: The current research was co MoreBackground: Considering that service industries have the largest share in the economy of countries and today we are facing unpredictable crises, therefore the resilience and stability of these businesses is of particular importance.Objective: The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of resistance businesses in service industries.Method: The method used in the research is qualitative and based on the strategy of database theory. In-depth interview tool was used to collect data. The target community was academic experts, managers and senior experts of service industries who participated in the process and executive decisions of service industries. Also, theoretical saturation was achieved by using targeted sampling after 15 in-depth interviews.Findings: In the foundational data approach in this research, three stages of open, central and selective coding It has expressed 27 general categories in a paradigmatic format including causal, background, intervening conditions, core categories, strategies and consequences based on the development of resistance business.Conclusion: The results of the research include the presentation of causal, contextual, interventional, central category, consequences, and formulation of strategies for the development of resilient businesses in service industries, which is realized in the form of a paradigm model in accordance with the data theory of the foundation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Analyzing opinions about Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa's tomb
mohammad bagheri Hamid Reza SanaeiAbstract Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the 2nd century AH and the first half of the 3rd century AH. According to the reports of several sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was b MoreAbstract Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the 2nd century AH and the first half of the 3rd century AH. According to the reports of several sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explained the reports of multiple sources about his burial and then analyzed and checked their accuracy. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Keywords: Hossein bin Musa (pbuh), Imamzadegan, tomb, Tabas, Shiraz, Kufa, Baghdad Abstract Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the 2nd century AH and the first half of the 3rd century AH. According to the reports of several sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explained the reports of multiple sources about his burial and then analyzed and checked their accuracy. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Keywords: Hossein bin Musa (pbuh), Imamzadegan, tomb, Tabas, Shiraz, Kufa, Baghdad Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Purpose of Ibn Farīghūn for Jawāmeʿ al-ʿulūm's writing: Viewpoints Review
Taher Babaei Ahmad Badkubeh HazavehJawāmeal-ʿulūm,a work from fourth-century AH in Transoxiana, consists of valuable information about administration and various kinds of science. There are many studies on the book that depicted distinctive contemplations on the subject of book and its author purpose. Th MoreJawāmeal-ʿulūm,a work from fourth-century AH in Transoxiana, consists of valuable information about administration and various kinds of science. There are many studies on the book that depicted distinctive contemplations on the subject of book and its author purpose. This article is expressing, comparing and finally criticizing the different points of view with contents of Jawāmeal-ʿulūm. It is concluded that the book is a collection of ethical information and also the knowledge of government structure, which has been written for high-ranking officials. References Abu Yaʿlā, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Farrā, al-aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya, Revised by Muḥammad ḥāmid al-Fiḳī, Beirut, Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah, 2000 AD/1421 AH. Alam, Hooshang, “Jawāmiʿ al-ʿulūm athar-i Ibn Farighūn”, Negar Naderi(trans.), History of Science (journal-JIHS), No.8, 1388/ 2009. Al-Davoud, Seyyed Ali, “Āl-i Farīghūn”, The Great Islamic Encyclopaedia, Kazem Mousavi Bojnourdi (as supervisor), The Centre For The Great Islamic Encyclopaedia, 1368/1989. Al- Fārābī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, Iḥṣā al-ulūm, Revised by Alī Bū-Mulḥim, Beirut, Dar wa Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1996 AD/ 1416 AH. Ibn Abī al-Rabīʿ, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad, Sulūk al-mālik fī tadbīr al-Mamālik, Revised by ʿArif Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Damascus, Dar Kanān, 1996 AD/1435 AH. Ibn Farighūn, Mūttaghbī, Jawāmi al-ulūm, Revised by Ḳays Kāẓim Djannābī, Cairo, Maktaba al-Thiḳāfa al-Dīnīya, 2006 AD/1426 AH. Ibid,Jawāmi al-ulūm,Fuad Sezgin (photo ed.), Frankfurt, manshūrāt maʿhad taʾrikh al-ʿulūm al-ʿarabīya wa al-islāmīya (Institut für Geschichte der ArabischIslamischen Wissenschaften), 1985 AD/1405 AH. Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ, Rasāil ikhwān al-ṣafā wa-khullān al-wafā Revised by ʿArif Tāmir, Beirut, Manshūrāt-i ʿUwayyadāt, (un d.). Ibn al-Nadīm, Abu ʾl-Faradj Muḥammad b. Abī Yaʿḳūb Isḥāḳ, Kitāb al- fihrist, Revised by Reza Tajadod, Tehran, Intisharāt-i Asadī, 1350/1971. Kallek, Cengiz, s.v.“Cevamiu l-ulum”, in DİA, Vol.7, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları İşletmesi, İstanbul, 1993 AD/1413 AH. Khadiv Jam, Hossein, Darāsāt ḥawl kitāb-i jawāmi al-ulūm, Shaʾyā b. Farighūn( Ballad), Tehran,(Un d.). 1350/1971. Ibid,“kitāb-i jawāmiʿ al-ʿulūm”,nāma-Mīnuwī. Habib Yaghmaei (as supervisor), Iraj Afshar, with cooperation of Muhammad Roshan, Tehran, Nashr-i Sanāʾī, 1350/1971. Al-Khwārazmī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Yūsuf, Mafātīḥ al-ulūm, Revised by Ibrāhīm al-Ābyārī, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub Arabī, 1989 AD/1409 AH. Mirjafari, Hossein, Asghar Montazer al-Ghaem, Muhammad Bagher Khazaeli, “Kitāb Jawāmiʿ al-ʿulūm wa ṭabaḳa bandī-i ʿilm”,Pazhūhish-nāma Tarikh, Islamic Azad University of Bojnourd, No.22, 1390/ 2011(Spring). Minorsky, Vladimir, Hawāshī wa talīḳāt bar ḥudūd al-ulam min al-mashriḳ ilā al-maghrib (translated and explained by V. Minorsky; with the preface by V. V. Barthold), Mir Hossein Shah(trans.), Kabul, Intishārāt-i Danishkadih Adabīyat Danishgah Kābul, 1342/1963. Mohaghegh, Mehdi, “Taḳsīm Bandī-i ʿulūm az Naẓar-i Dānishmandān-i Islāmī”, Politic Quarterly, No.1, 1370/1991. Roodgar, Ghanbar-Ali, “Dānishnāma Nigārī”, Dānishnāma Djahān-i Islām (The Encyclopedia of the Islamic World), Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel (as supervisor), Vol.17, Tehran, The Center For The Great Islamic Encyclopedia, 1392/2013. Al-Ṣūlī, Abū bakr Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā, Adab al-Kitāb, Revised by Muḥammad Bahdjat al-Atharī, Cairo, Maṭbaʿa al-Salafyya, 1922 AD/1341 AH. Vesel, Živa, Les Encyclopédies Persanes: Essai de Typologie et de Classification des Sciences, Institut francais de recherché en Iran, Bibliothèque iranienne no.31, Paris, Editions Recherche sur les civilizations, 1986 AD/1406 AH. Yāḳūt Ḥamawī, Shihāb al-Dīn, Mudjam al-Udabā (irshād al- arīb ilā marifat al-adīb), Beirut, Dar al-Gharb Islāmī, 1993 AD /1414 AH. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - -Qurān and Akhbār ad-Dawla al-Ābbāsīyya: An Intertextual Study
zeinab izadi Masoud SadeghiAkhbār ad-Dawla al-Ābbāsīyya is a new work from an unknown writer which had an important role in changing researchers view on the Abbasid revolution and the principles of Caliphate. In this book, Qur’ânicization and the Citation from the Qur’an have fo MoreAkhbār ad-Dawla al-Ābbāsīyya is a new work from an unknown writer which had an important role in changing researchers view on the Abbasid revolution and the principles of Caliphate. In this book, Qur’ânicization and the Citation from the Qur’an have four methods: literary use of the Qur’an, putting verses in the new historical context and presenting a different interpretation of them, historization and legitimization by using Quranic terms. According to the intertextuality studies, we can say that the Qur’an has certainly affected this book. The various goals of the Citation from the Qur’an are improving of the writing style of the text, creation of religious space and giving the authenticity to a narration or even legitimization to the Abbasid Caliphate. Moreover, Akhbar ad-Dawla al-Abbasiyya shows that the writer knew the Qur’an well, used it skillfully and his mind is too familiar to words, terms and verses of the Qur’an Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Conflict of Interest in the Imperial Bank and Its Effects on the Iranian Economy
Khashayar Seyed ShokriThe Imperial Bank of Persia was the most important foreign financial institution in Qajar era of Iran, which was established in 1306 AH (1889) by granting concession by Naser al-Din Shah and was active in Iran for a total of 60 years (total time of concession), so MoreThe Imperial Bank of Persia was the most important foreign financial institution in Qajar era of Iran, which was established in 1306 AH (1889) by granting concession by Naser al-Din Shah and was active in Iran for a total of 60 years (total time of concession), so that it can be named as one of the best examples of foreign direct investment during the colonial era in Iran. However the bank was facing serious conflict of interest issues, as it was the most important commercial bank in Iran, it had the exclusive right to print banknotes, the Iranian government was one of its most important customers, it had to answer to its non-Iranian shareholders, and the British authorities had certain political expectations from it. The main subject of this paper is to study the bank's policies facing these conflict of interests in order to better understand an important part of the financial history of the Qajar era, and the attempts has been made to do the research in historical way and by using descriptive-analytical method and with reference to the available sources and references. This study seeks to answer the question of whether the bank was able to perform its various tasks efficiently. The paper concludes that the bank was neither significantly profitable for its shareholders, nor did perform its' functions as a state-owned bank properly, and nor did its' duties in realizing the British government's colonial goals Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Review on Zanȃn-i- Khȃndȃn-i- ‘Asr-i-Tiymûrȋ (The Women of TimårÊd Dynasty)
Seyyed Hadi ZabihiAlthough the Timurid period is one of the most important periods in the history of Iran, it has been less studied. One of the neglected fields of research of this period is the study of the status and role of Timurid women. The book The Women of Timurid Dynasty is a boo MoreAlthough the Timurid period is one of the most important periods in the history of Iran, it has been less studied. One of the neglected fields of research of this period is the study of the status and role of Timurid women. The book The Women of Timurid Dynasty is a book that deals with this topic and is therefore praiseworthy. The present review is organized in two parts: firstly, an overview of the book chapters and secondly general imperfections of the book which includes: incorrect way of using sources and references, overcoming of feminist view and contradiction, lack of attention to details, lack of definitive analysis and obvious comments and Incorrect historical claims. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Leftist Approach to the Socio-Political Developments of Contemporary Iran: The Views of Avatis Mikaelian (Sultanzadeh)
reza sedighi pashaki Hossein Abadian Bagher Ali Adelfar Zekrollah MohammadiThe present article discusses the views of Avatis Mikaelian, known as Sultanzadeh, in relation to the developments of contemporary Iranian history. Sultanzadeh is one of the most famous figures of the communist left thinkers in Iran. His ideas played a major role in the MoreThe present article discusses the views of Avatis Mikaelian, known as Sultanzadeh, in relation to the developments of contemporary Iranian history. Sultanzadeh is one of the most famous figures of the communist left thinkers in Iran. His ideas played a major role in the strategy and orientation of the Communist Party of Iran from the beginning of its formation until long after the Second Congress. According to Sultanzadeh, the most important problem in Iran is the economic development. He considered the unity of triple factors as the obstacle to the natural process of growth: imperialism, court and feudalism. The method of this article is descriptive-analytical and the main question is what was the difference between Sultanzadeh's view and that of other communist left activists and Soviet academics on the historical process of contemporary Iran. Sultanzadeh tried to analyze and explain the history of Iran based on the internal and global realities of the country based on Marx's doctrines. Accordingly, his views on Iran's economic development, colonization, the jungle movement, and the rise to power of Reza Shah were obvious deviations from the Soviet Communist Party theorists who considered the process of societies to be linear. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analysis of Users’ Opinions about Reasons for Divorce
Fatemeh Eghrari Solout Mehdi Hosseinzadeh -
Open Access Article
12 - Compiling Indicators of Problem-Based Approach in Quality Evaluation of Governmental Management curriculum and its implementation in Islamic Azad University
ROSTAM GHAREHDAGHI tahmasab kavosiAbstractBackground: This study is introduced important indicators of problem-based curriculum. Objective: The aim of current exploratory mixed method study was to compile indicators of problem-based curriculum on the bases of Klein's model (1991) and evaluating quality MoreAbstractBackground: This study is introduced important indicators of problem-based curriculum. Objective: The aim of current exploratory mixed method study was to compile indicators of problem-based curriculum on the bases of Klein's model (1991) and evaluating quality of curriculum of Governmental Management discipline based on compiled indicators. Methods: Firstly in qualitative phase, through interviewing experts, 36 indicators were compiled. In quantitative phase, using compiled indicators, a questionnaire were administrated and completed by 92 participants including lecturers in Governmental Management. Findings: Application of compiled indicators in curriculum evaluation of Governmental Management discipline revealed that the purpose, content, teaching- learning strategies, materials and resources, learning activities, evaluation, grouping, educational time and needed educational space in that discipline are unfavorable. Conclusion: In order to motivating attentions to the problem-based curriculums, further evaluation studies should be done in other disciplines and backgrounds. Keywords: quality evaluation, curriculum, problem-based approach, criteria, indicator, Governmental Management discipline, Azad Universitiy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - the effect of Managers Narcissistical behavior on Hypocritical Behavior in Kermanshah Governor
رضا تقوایی ali mansori amir abas babakian elnaz khosh lesanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of narcissism managers and their hypocritical behavior in the provincial city of Kermanshah.The study of the purpose and the method of descriptive and correlational research component and in terms of field research and qu MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of narcissism managers and their hypocritical behavior in the provincial city of Kermanshah.The study of the purpose and the method of descriptive and correlational research component and in terms of field research and quantitative data collection methods. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The data of correlation analysis and structural equation model, available in SPSS and AMOS software packages were used.Results showed that The behavior of narcissistic executives, the highest mean belonged to the right and the lowest was related to exploitation. Among the hypocritical behavior of managers, the highest mean belonged to the absorption policy for human resources management and waste management policy towards the least related to human resources.The results suggest that narcissistic managers had direct and significant effect on the behavior hypocritical and narcissistic aspects including power management, self-superiority, exploitation, entitlement, self-sufficiency and arrogance managers in improving the level of hypocritical behavior the organization. Hypocritical behaviors had the greatest impact on the component authority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Analysis and Investigating the Factors Affecting the Implementation of Policy in the Judiciary Based on the Nakamura and Smallwood Model
akbar etbariyan roghaye keshvarianazadcontext: The judiciary, with its effective role in resolving contest, protecting public rights, expanding and enforcing justice, implements poblic policies that affect all sections of society. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the factors a Morecontext: The judiciary, with its effective role in resolving contest, protecting public rights, expanding and enforcing justice, implements poblic policies that affect all sections of society. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the factors affecting the policy implementation policy in the judiciary Methods: Based on the literature on the implementation and policy implementation in the judiciary, the factors influencing the implementation of the policy based on the Nakamura and Smallwood approach, the research model was determined. To collect data, interviews were conducted with 28 experts working in the field of Policy, implementing and Evaluation judiciary policies. Sampling was done purposefully and data analysis was performed using qualitative approaches and interpretive analysis method for data analysis. Results: According to the results, all editors, administrators and evaluators are effective in implementing policies, and administrators have the most important role, and there is a deep and interdependent relationship between administrators and policy makers in the judiciary, the factors involved in this relationship are clearly Goals, the nature of the tasks, and the amount of control that they apply to each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Provide a High Performance Model with a Social Loafing Reduction Approach in Government Agencies (Case study: Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad government organizations)
mostafa taheri abdokhalegh gholamiBackground and Aim: The present article aims to explain the pattern of formation of high performance systems with the approach of reducing social void in government organizations that has revived the issue of social void in the administrative system of the country. Meth MoreBackground and Aim: The present article aims to explain the pattern of formation of high performance systems with the approach of reducing social void in government organizations that has revived the issue of social void in the administrative system of the country. Methods: The design of the present study is a combined sequential-exploratory method. This means that first a qualitative approach and then a quantitative approach has been used. In the qualitative part of the content analysis method and its statistical population, all scientific experts familiar with the subject, including professors and researchers in the field of public management in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, used the theoretical saturation criterion to determine the adequacy of sampling. Is. In-depth interviews with 20 government management experts in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces have explained the theoretical model of high performance with the approach of reducing idleness. Structural equation modeling has been used in a small part and its statistical population includes executive or experimental experts and these experts mean all managers and employees of government organizations in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. Cluster sampling method was used and the sample size was determined through Cochran's formula. Results: The results showed that the model of high performance work systems in Iranian government organizations has four main themes: high performance work procedures, results, intermediary conditions and study context. Conclusion: The results of the analysis of research interviews in the context and context of high performance formation in government organizations showed that the context and context of high performance formation with the approach of reducing social void including high performance work procedures (procedures at the structural level and procedures at the team level), Context conditions (cultural context and organizational context) and mediating conditions (behavioral factors and psychological factors) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Review on the Entrepreneurship in the Internet of Things (IoT) Ecosystem
Roya Shahabi Ehsaneh Nejad Mohammad NameghiThe new developments of the digital age have brought smart devices and equipment around us and a smart lifestyle in general, and the amount of this intelligence has been added to the level of intelligence with time. The intelligent growth of the devices and equipment ar MoreThe new developments of the digital age have brought smart devices and equipment around us and a smart lifestyle in general, and the amount of this intelligence has been added to the level of intelligence with time. The intelligent growth of the devices and equipment around us in the Internet of Things and the increase in the communication and processing capabilities of its network infrastructures make there is an intelligent ecosystem of the Internet of Things in human life with two-way and mutual communication. In this sense, entrepreneurship and value creation and preservation are important in the fields related to the new Internet of Things technology and play an important role in its progress and development. This article systematically review entrepreneurship in the Internet of Things, using reliable website of the Internet of Things, in all years and the important issues related to entrepreneurship in the Internet, such as the applications and entrepreneurial opportunities in the Internet of Things. Technological business models in this field, new values and their preservation, Internet of Things challenges, legal and legal issues of entrepreneurship in the Internet of Things, are discussed and analyzed. Also, practical and successful examples of entrepreneurship in the Internet of Things and its ecosystems, along with the use of academic capacities for the further development of the Internet of Things, the role of the Internet of Things in organizational transformation and the strategic orientation required for entrepreneurship in the field. The Internet of Things is reviewed in this review article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Providing the renewable energy business model with an entrepreneurial approach
شهرزاد هوشمندی نیا Karim Hamdi Sirajuddin mohebbi Afsaneh Zamani MoghaddamAbstractThe aim of the current research was to present the business model of renewable energy with the entrepreneurial approach of quantitative research method and the sample number was 337 people selected using Cochran's formula. The research tool was a researcher-made MoreAbstractThe aim of the current research was to present the business model of renewable energy with the entrepreneurial approach of quantitative research method and the sample number was 337 people selected using Cochran's formula. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The analysis of the collected data was done in two descriptive and inferential ways using SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software. The results showed that fourteen components play a role in explaining the renewable energy business model with an entrepreneurial approach, which are: key partners, key activities, income flow, key-physical resources, key-intellectual resources, key resources human, value-brand, value-moving at the edge of science and technology, value-price, value-timely delivery, and easy access, customer relations, customer segment, distribution channels, and finally its costs and structure.Keywords: entrepreneurial approach, business model, renewable energyKeywords: entrepreneurial approach, business model, renewable energyKeywords: entrepreneurial approach, business model, renewable energyKeywords: entrepreneurial approach, business model, renewable energy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Construction and lived experience of marketing elites from the agricultural marketing model in Iran with a mixed approach and validation
bijan Alizadeh Abdollah Naami mohammad nasrollahniyaAbstractBackground: Marketing, with its importance, is a basic strategy in all businesses, have adopted many activities with the aim of increasing the share in the industry, reducing costs and increasing efficiency. Purpose: , professors and senior managers in the field MoreAbstractBackground: Marketing, with its importance, is a basic strategy in all businesses, have adopted many activities with the aim of increasing the share in the industry, reducing costs and increasing efficiency. Purpose: , professors and senior managers in the field of agriculture and marketing in Iran regarding the development of agricultural marketing. Method: The method of this research is a combination that was developed using a sequential exploratory strategy, firstly using the qualitative grounded theory method of a native model, and then using the quantitative method of modeling the structural equation of the developed model, it was tested. In the qualitative part, using in-depth interviews among elites, professors and senior managers in the fields of agriculture and marketing, with the coding technique of the theory building process, theoretical saturation was reached with fifteen interviews, and the results were based on three stages of coding with more than 108 meaningful propositions, 211 corresponding concepts. , and 23 sub-categories, 9 main categories and one core category were obtained. In the quantitative part, the obtained paradigm model was tested using quantitative data. Findings and results: The findings of the quantitative section showed that the obtained core category includes; " commitment and tendency to marketing with the intervention of commercial liberalization in two important strategies of synergy in marketing and market orientation leads to the favorable consequences of sustainable agricultural development, globalization of markets and agricultural promotion" It can be the calculated theoretical strategy for the market of medicinal plants in the country, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The prediction of the use of virtual networks based on social compatibility and emotional control in adolescents
Nora Dehghanpoor ghazale tarnas Farahnaz MeschiAbstract:Introduction: The Internet is a virtual world that empowers people to experience a particular form of social relationships in which people do not have a real social presence. So, given the importance of cybernetic pathology in the development of societies, our MoreAbstract:Introduction: The Internet is a virtual world that empowers people to experience a particular form of social relationships in which people do not have a real social presence. So, given the importance of cybernetic pathology in the development of societies, our society has also received considerable attention in recent years in information and communication technology. The purpose of this study was to predict the use of virtual networks based on social adjustment and emotional control in adolescents.Methodology: This research is a correlational study. The population of this study consisted of 350 primary and secondary school students in Karaj, Iran in 2012-2013. They were selected by random cluster sampling method. In this study, the social adjustment questionnaire of high school students (1993) and emotional control questionnaire (1997) were used to collect data. Data analysis was done through multi-variable regression and analyzed by SPSS-23 software.Results: Descriptive and inferential indices and descriptive statistics in this study showed that the use of virtual networks has a positive and significant relation with social adjustment and emotional control (P> 0.01).Conclusion: Therefore, considering the hypothesis of research and the results of statistical analysis in the findings, it can be concluded that due to the relationship between research variables, the use of virtual networks can predict social adjustment and emotional control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Studying of structure and content of local press from perspective of Professional and developmental Principles of journalism(Case Study: Ardabil Province Press)
Shahriar Gholizadeh golloAbstract The essential purpose of this research is Recognition of Ardabil province Press from perspective of structural and developmental Principles of journalism.Theoretical framework of current research is based on the agenda-setting theory and structural principles o MoreAbstract The essential purpose of this research is Recognition of Ardabil province Press from perspective of structural and developmental Principles of journalism.Theoretical framework of current research is based on the agenda-setting theory and structural principles of journalism and development journalism. In this research, is used the quantitative content analysis method. All encoded contents, is 1589 content which is selected from five weekly Ardabil Province during 2018- 2017. This research shows that the most popular style in press of Ardabil province is news style. The most contents of the Ardabil press are non-productive and most used source is related to internal news agency. Also a lot of contents are without citing any source. The largest share among all subjects is allocated to the coverage of Ardabil Province events and news and after that is national news. Developmental news and contents have a very small part and regardless to the development issues are the most obvious points in this research. It can be said that Ardabil Press in context of structural journalism principles, sometimes successful and sometimes not. Also in the field of development journalism, have not the considering function. Keywords: Press, Local Press, The structural principles of journalism, Development journalism, Agenda-Setting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Role of Economic Rumors on the National Development and How to Deal with Them through Media (with an Emphasis on Telegram)
shahram jorjaniThe Role of Economic Rumors on the National Development and How to Deal with Them through Media (with an Emphasis on Telegram) Shahram Jorjani* Afsaneh Mozaffari (PhD)** Ali Akbar Farhangi(PhD)*** The Abstract As modern information and communication technologies expand MoreThe Role of Economic Rumors on the National Development and How to Deal with Them through Media (with an Emphasis on Telegram) Shahram Jorjani* Afsaneh Mozaffari (PhD)** Ali Akbar Farhangi(PhD)*** The Abstract As modern information and communication technologies expand, the media is capable of communicating the events promptly all over the world. This has made the media a powerful tool in societies. The media can indeed affect societies positively or negatively. One aspect that has always been considered is the role of modern media in the development and particularly the economic development of countries. Modern information and communication technologies are considered as platforms for the widespread communication of rumors and fake news, that is, news that is deliberately contaminated by misinformation. Thus, using interviews, the present qualitative study attempted to investigate this in social networks, and in so doing, Telegram was studied as one of the most widely-used social networks in Iran. The findings showed that rumors on Telegram have different aspects and play an important role in Iran's economic development. Three approaches were identified to deal with rumors, namely educational approach, journalistic approach, and macro approach, and accordingly, suggestions and solutions were presented. Keywords: Rumor, Development, Social Network, Telegram Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Role of Media Literacy with the Mediation of Social Capital in Family Relationships (Case Study: Clients Aged 14 To 18 Years Covered By the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Tehran Province)
seyedabolfazl parpanchi Somayeh Tajik Ismaeili Leila Niroomand Nazanin MalekianThe purpose of the present study was to determine the role of media literacy through the mediation of social capital in family relationships, which was done by descriptive-correlation method and structural equation design. The statistical population of the research is a MoreThe purpose of the present study was to determine the role of media literacy through the mediation of social capital in family relationships, which was done by descriptive-correlation method and structural equation design. The statistical population of the research is all male and female children between 14 and 18 years of age who were supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) of Tehran province in 1401. The sample size of the study was 400 people from the mentioned community who were selected by random one-stage cluster sampling method. Content validity was checked by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for questionnaires. The results of the research showed that social capital has an effect on family relationships. Media literacy affects family relationships as well as social capital, and finally, the research results showed that social capital has an indirect effect on the relationship between media literacy and family relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Sociological Analysis of Factors Affecting Girls' Narcissism in Social Networks with an Emphasis on the Instagram Social Network
Massoumeh baghery قلیچی ghelichiThis article examines the relationship between the two concepts of narcissism and Instagram and examines the role of social networks in creating or increasing the pre-existing narcissism of people. In addition to examining Christopher Lash's opinions about modern societ MoreThis article examines the relationship between the two concepts of narcissism and Instagram and examines the role of social networks in creating or increasing the pre-existing narcissism of people. In addition to examining Christopher Lash's opinions about modern society and narcissists of our time and era, we measured the relationship between Instagram and narcissism by borrowing from Sigmund Freud's theories, which proposed two types of primary and secondary narcissism, as well as Irving Goffman's "performance society" theory. Meanwhile, Baudrillard's theories have been another useful theory in advancing this research. Based on the results and theories used in this research, it was found that a huge part of a person's attention in life matters is to create a positive feedback of himself for others. Narcissistic tendencies are present in almost all people, and the fact that such traits are more palpable today comes from the fact that social media, especially Instagram, has become one of the most common and widespread programs, and the features of these media are the possibility of appearing and It has enabled the emergence of phenomena such as narcissism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The four dimensions of health in the content of provincial radio-based health programs (Emphasizing the use and lifestyle of the citizens of Hamadan)
nahid saadatsirat hadi khanikiAbstract The media has an important and influential role on people's health, and creating a culture of social health and public health by using media content can increase people's awareness in the field of health and social health. The media, due to its unique capabilit MoreAbstract The media has an important and influential role on people's health, and creating a culture of social health and public health by using media content can increase people's awareness in the field of health and social health. The media, due to its unique capabilities, can play an important role in the field of social health as a communication mechanism. In this article, with quantitative content analysis methods, first the content of provincial radio-based health programs in the social health dimension is extracted and analyzed, and then the lifestyle of the people of Hamadan along with their media consumption through a survey method with a statistical sample of 400 Citizens 17 years and older were identified and analyzed. The results obtained from the content analysis show that among the health-oriented programs of the provincial radio, first the social health dimension is prominent and then the mental, physical and spiritual dimensions have the highest frequency and duration, respectively. The results of the survey also show that there is a significant relationship between health-oriented lifestyle and the type of audience of health-oriented radio programs, as well as between health-oriented lifestyle and socio-economic status of individuals.Keywords: health-oriented lifestyle, type of audience, social health, health dimensions, socio-economic status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Farsi or Pinglish; Effective Factors on Script Selection in User’s Chats in Telegram and WhatsApp Messengers
Arsam Babaei Nowadays social networks and especially messengers such as Telegram and WhatsApp have become the most important communication tools in the lives of people, especially for the young adults. Considering the prevalence and popularity of these two messengers among I More Nowadays social networks and especially messengers such as Telegram and WhatsApp have become the most important communication tools in the lives of people, especially for the young adults. Considering the prevalence and popularity of these two messengers among Iranian users and also due to the importance of using script in these messengers, the present research investigates the factors affecting script selection in the communication of these two messengers. The present research was conducted both qualitatively and quantitatively. To collect data an online interview, using accidental samples, in above cited messengers was used. 25 young adult users (16-25 years) and 50 adult users (over 25 years) were interviewed. The results of the research show that the most important factors affecting the use of Pinglish script instead of Persian script are as follows: Prestige; less effort; fear of writing mistakes; Persian script insufficiencies; being more influenced by the peers; being influenced by English; tendency to abbreviate; speed in message transmission; show off and express yourself; desire to be distinct; keeping privacy; tendency towards Western culture, and habit. On the contrary, the most important reasons for using Persian script are as follows: interest in and commitment to Persian language; more feelings and emotional burdens; speed; prestige; habit; impact of the other party; being official, and education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Study of the use of new technologies in lie detectors in televised election debates
aliakbar razmjoo mohadeseh razmjooAbstract Elections are one of the most important pillars of democracy and the manifestation of the presence and freedom of nations in determining their own destiny. The descriptive-analytical method deals with the use of a lie detector in televised debates, an MoreAbstract Elections are one of the most important pillars of democracy and the manifestation of the presence and freedom of nations in determining their own destiny. The descriptive-analytical method deals with the use of a lie detector in televised debates, and its purpose is to increase the possibilities of the people's choice in choosing the desired candidate. Combining brain-evoked potentials and environmental signals to improve the quality of deception detection systems, photoplatismographic signal-based lie detection, and skin electrical resistance using neural networks, analysis of emotions through brain signals using Poincare mapping function The most important findings of the research are the detection of deception through thermal video recorded from the face of the person during the protocol, the detection of lies by using arterial blood volume in polygraphy and using a linear separator in matlab software during TV debates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Affecting Factors in Attracting Tehran Citizens’ Participation of Blood Donation in the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (Base on the IBTO Public Relations’ Performance)
Mahdi Zolfaghar Abdolreza Shahmohammadi Afsaneh MozafariThe main aim of this research is to study the affecting factors in attracting Tehran citizens’ participation of Blood donation in the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (base on the IBTO Public Relations’ performance). The research method of this study i MoreThe main aim of this research is to study the affecting factors in attracting Tehran citizens’ participation of Blood donation in the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (base on the IBTO Public Relations’ performance). The research method of this study is applied in survey type. The population of this research includes all 1000000 citizens’ blood donation in Tehran. Samples are selected by the use of Cochran formula, includes 383.8 donators. In fact, about 400 questionnaires were distributed in the Tehran five district including north, south, east, west and the city center. The research questionnaire’s validity approved by supervisor, advisor and concerned experts. The reliability also approved by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, equal to 0.831. The findings of this study indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between the blood donator’s awareness and the citizens' participation in this regard. There is a positive and significant relationship between the blood donator’s attitude and the citizens' participation in this regard. There is a positive and significant relationship between the blood donator’s social trust and the citizens' participation in this regard. There is a positive and significant relationship between the IBTO Public Relations’ performance and the citizens' participation in this regard which has a direct and significant effect on attracting and promoting the citizens’ participation and the sustainability of the target group in the long term for blood donation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Designing a prescriptive model of creativity continuity and its testing in architecture designing class
jamaluddin soheili Manouchehr Tamizi Hossein zabihiThe issues of architectural design training, should always consider as the priority of the architecture system planners, so that the educational centers will benefit from its results. The teaching of architectural designing in designing workshops (especially in Iran) as MoreThe issues of architectural design training, should always consider as the priority of the architecture system planners, so that the educational centers will benefit from its results. The teaching of architectural designing in designing workshops (especially in Iran) as a pivot of architecture education was in agreement by all scholars of educational and architectural problems. Training and the process of training in architectural design is one of the most important ways of demonstrating and developing creativity in the educational environment. But there is currently no specific pattern that faculty can effectively use in the lesson of designing architectural lessons. However, the mere reliance on the traditions of architectural education or compliance is not merely a common criterion for academic instruction appropriate to the development of architectural education. This research examines the designing and testing of a prescriptive model (Continuity of creativity model) for the continuity of creativity in architectural design classes. A prescriptive model based on analytical-structural implications of existing objective models and with continuity attitude was arrived to. Then, to test the model, a semi-experimental method was used to test the hypothesis. The statistical society of the study is consisted of all students of plan No.4 of Mahshar Azad University studying in BA of architecture in 2016-17 in Azad University of Mahshahr. Due to the small size of the population, 30 of them were randomly assigned into two groups of control (15) and experimental (15). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS.15. The prescriptive model indices were verified by professors and architects in using Laserl software. The results showed that education is a creative process composed of an educational procedure including phases such as producing of solution idea, recommending and introducing an idea, idea evaluation, reviewing, final adoption, and making decision. As the prescriptive model focuses on the role of educational process method by professor and students` participation in learning process, the effectiveness of developing students` unconscious mind by following brain storm, the evaluation of ideas prior to hasty decision, and considering reviewing in idealization of this model was approved. It results in positive attitude, improving satisfaction, and increasing creativity in learners. The students who were trained according to the prescriptive model had higher satisfaction, more positive attitude toward the course, had a better attitude toward increasing their creativity during the design process than the course based on common approaches. “Continuity of creativity” model can play a more effective role in the in achieving the goal of promoting/ enhancing creativity of students than traditional teaching methods. Students could start, organize, and proceed design process by getting help from professors to achieve a favorable result. This theory can be a guide to practice in organizing architectural design classes to enhance learners' creativity. It is worth noting that this model is not defective and does not claim to address all educational inadequacies in the design of architecture, since this claim requires years of research and the testing of the model and conducting meta-analytical and systematic studies on the findings of numerous studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Role of Cultural and Social Implication on the Shape of the Marquee Case study: Bakhtiari seachador and Turkmen oey
Noraldin Pirkhezri Mohammad sadegh falahatHuman kind manifested their express and being in the world with the nature of the action and the culture of "home" incorporation, Due to its fundamental shape by the environment, structure of the "marquee" were on the feet. This article focuses on the concept that it is MoreHuman kind manifested their express and being in the world with the nature of the action and the culture of "home" incorporation, Due to its fundamental shape by the environment, structure of the "marquee" were on the feet. This article focuses on the concept that it is using of semiotics in the "application" and "syntax" with the method of qualitative analysis result of field observation and a library in the comparative study of two species of marquee with heterogeneous platform, on how the impact of the social and cultural aspect of weight compared to the climate, the functional relationships of causality building materials and technique’s, functionality and demonstration in shape (Signifier) marquees. This research seeks to test the hypothesis that: 1. The shape of the House before the "natural causes", the impact of the breakup of "cultural and social implication" and causes of natural looking toward social and cultural implication. 2. The response of natural causes the same House in the "cultural" platform of any non-lead to the same result’s. Research using of social semiotics of cultural implication in the case study of two aboriginal mining and then express it in communication with the institutions explaining the causality is hindering the natural. Signs in the shape of a marquee such as purporting factors of cultural , social backgrounds. In this study, with the way applications (functional) and the funds somehow (associated with the social environment and cultural fields) are employed as research tool. According to this hypothesis a comparative study this research while symptoms (Signifier, the shape of the marquee), which signify the concepts (signified) social and cultural and other reviews of samples of different cultural contexts and its impact on making a difference in the slab (Shapes) and compared the effect of natural cause is done that leads to the understanding of the concepts and the role of social and cultural implication in this category can be. The results of the research it turns out that not only is the "cultural ideal" implication on the establishment figure in the marquee, despite the impact of the natural causes of functional and tangible role "pivot point" but also beyond natural causes in the context of any culture in the concept of a "cycle of culture _ nature's" nature on the cultural. Therefore no effective natural causality on the shape of the House in its nature , is not a mere natural but also cultural and social meaning in this cycle. The marquee match Seachador & Oey platform for people in both the cultural and the natural causes of pass (climate, building materials and technique’s) from within the culture of the different answers that indicate. (Signifier) is the shape of the tabernacle, the tent of the culture and the form (form, space, structure, process), indicating the platform's culture. Hence the "signified" the fundamental implication on the shape of the culture of the marquee and culture "cycle-nature" natural causes with all rational minutes in harmony with the role of culture and belief implies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Assessing the Impact of Islamic Azad University of Sari on Sustainable Developments of the Surrounding Areas
Abdullah Ebrahimi Farah Habib Iraj EtessamUrban migration and urban growth are recognized as main challenges in developing countries. Education as one of fundamental strategies has key role in national development. Although, they have influenced several consequences on city and regional levels apart from academ MoreUrban migration and urban growth are recognized as main challenges in developing countries. Education as one of fundamental strategies has key role in national development. Although, they have influenced several consequences on city and regional levels apart from academic mission, their main functions are resourceful human sources and contribution of knowledge as well as technical skill. Governments were allocating different funds from national capital for education budget to improve human resources which the parts of developed countries are 7% of GDP, and developing countries are 6% of GDP approximately. Since last decades, the universities have expanded through growth population and society’s cultural aspect of academic education, but the universities’ roles are ambiguous to achieve cities’ sustainable development in developing countries. Sustainable development as a process is multi-dimensional which tries to modify fundamental situation in social structures, public attitudes, and national institutions through economic growth, and social equality as well as reduce poverty. Generally, communities reach sustainable development when there are four main elements including: natural potential, appropriate current infrastructures, sufficient human resources, and adequate financial resources. Under the special position for land, agricultural economy in North of Iran, the need of research is the consequences of universities establishment on their region’s sustainable development. The aim is to assess consequences for establishment of Islamic Azad University Sari branch toward sustainable development. There are several researches which focused on the Iranian’ universities impacts on social aspects such as employment, woman conditions, and public cultures, but a few studies have concentrated on Iranian universities consequences to achieve sustainable development. Different studies described that there are two main approaches to achieve sustainable development, including: people- oriented, and procedures based on participation. Theoretical framework for current study developed based on the sustainable development concept which included three fundamental components Environment, economic, and social. Research method is conducted quantitatively and survey-based and then, primary data is collected by questionnaires which has been designed based on the several studies and consist of two main sections including personal information, and impacts of the university establishment based on the sustainable development components. A Lickert scale was employed to apply arranged choice variables in terms of the three main components of sustainable development including: Economic, social, and physical. The sample size has been determined by Cochran Formula and so, 380 persons had contributed among 400 people. The research has employed One-sample t-test and Friedman test to analyze collected data. The results reveal that significant and positive relation between Islamic Azad University of Sari and three major components of sustainable development, but the factors are different impacts. Thus, Azad University Sari branch has the greatest effect on economic aspect, and physical and social aspects are in next ranking respectively. Finally, the findings appear that the university impact on physical aspect of Sari city has been neglected and then, Sari’ surrounding areas have developed in lack of abilities and capacities of Islamic Azad University-Sari branch. Therefore, the university roles and potentials must be considered by authorities for urban planning process in different levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Analysis of Factors Affecting the Improvement of Quality of the Environment of Residential Complexes (Case Study: Vahdat Beton Complex of Sadra Town)
Sudabeh Mohammadzadeh Ali Reza Einifar Hamid MajediThe first thing that comes to mind when residential areas in the culture of contemporary Iranian architecture are studied is that achieving higher quality in residential environments is a necessity given the said point. Identifying the main factors that affect quality i MoreThe first thing that comes to mind when residential areas in the culture of contemporary Iranian architecture are studied is that achieving higher quality in residential environments is a necessity given the said point. Identifying the main factors that affect quality improvement, providing a model for quality measurement in the residential environment, and then prioritizing indexes is essential. Not only does this method study the issue of quality from the perspective of residents living in the selected complex, but also it can be used in quality improvement policies and strategies of residential environments. Therefore, this article considers three main factors: capability of intermediate spaces, quality of architectural design, and personal characteristics of residents in question. This article analyzed the relationship between these factors and the quality of residential complexes. Further, it determined environmental quality based on residents’ needs and expectations by providing a four-level model for measuring quality in residential complexes and measuring indicators from residents. Then, it identified the principal indicators in quality improvement of the environment by prioritizing indicators. This measurement used t-test, correlation, and factor analysis. The results obtained in the field of research hypotheses showed that there is a significant correlation between the indicators of the duration of residence, level of education, age and type of ownership (in the individual characteristics of residents), the ability of intermediate spaces, and the quality of architects’ design with the quality of the residential environment. The results showed that the residents of Vahdat Beton Complex are not satisfied with the quality of their residential environment. The quality score showed that the most dissatisfaction is with the area of the residential complex. Also, the consequence of the significant coefficient demonstrated that the area of the residential unit should be considered by the city officials, as their top priority. The results of the analysis of the elements that make up the quality of the environment showed that space 2 at the level of the neighborhood unit, space 2 at the level of the residential complex, and space 3 at the level of the residential unit is more important spaces for the residents. Moreover, the lowest level of residents’ satisfaction is with the accessibility at the level of the residential complex and the observance of privacy, overlooking, and visual pleasure at the level of the residential unit. Prioritization of measures to improve the quality of the environment showed that space 3, at the level of the neighborhood unit, space 2 at the level of a residential complex, spaces 1 & 3 at the level of the residential unit are the most important spaces for improving the quality of buildings. It also showed that indicators of green space and social livelihood in space 2, visual pleasure and sensual richness in space 3 of neighborhood unit level, accessibility, and readability in space3, green space and controlling the entry of strangers to the complex in space 1 of residential complex level, green space, and belonging in space 3, privacy and overlooking in space 1 of the residential unit level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Assessing the realization rate of the components of human-centered approach in old and new urban neighborhoods (Case study: Nasar and Eram neighborhoods of Semnan)
Aliakbar Salaripour benyamin hasanzadeh baghi sahar nazariThe existence of cities and, on a smaller scale, urban neighborhoods has been a human achievement and a product of human needs throughout history. Neighborhood is a place where the experience of life should be formed and appropriate spaces and physical environment are p MoreThe existence of cities and, on a smaller scale, urban neighborhoods has been a human achievement and a product of human needs throughout history. Neighborhood is a place where the experience of life should be formed and appropriate spaces and physical environment are prerequisites for the formation of such an experience. But the occurrence of events such as the Industrial Revolution, the penetration of modern thinking, the use of automotive planning instead of human-centered planning and the lack of attention of urban management to old neighborhoods and endogenous development and also due to disregard for human needs in neighborhoods, especially in Old neighborhoods that are very vulnerable have changed the attitude of residents towards their neighborhoods. Today, by creating approaches such as "human-centered neighborhood" or "human-centered urban planning", efforts have been made to create neighborhoods for human life with all human characteristics.This research is descriptive-analytical and based on quantitative methods and distribution of questionnaires among citizens, it has been done to evaluate the implementation of human-centered approach components in Nasar and Eram neighborhoods of Semnan as old and new urban neighborhoods. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the level of the two neighborhoods in the level of realization of the components of the human-centered approach. So that in Eram neighborhood, the level of residents' satisfaction is more desirable than Nassar neighborhood and Eram neighborhood is a more human-centered neighborhood than Nassar neighborhood, and this result is contrary to public perception. However, despite the disregard for physical and environmental qualities in such neighborhoods and the lack of proper planning to solve the problems of its residents, some components and indicators of human-centered approach in the old neighborhoods have been reduced. Assessing the level of human-centered approach indicators in the study areas, shows that in the old neighborhood of Nasar, the indicators of "social solidarity" and "safety against hazards" were ranked highest and lowest, respectively. In the new neighborhood of Eram, the index of "environmental cleanliness" was ranked first and the index of "suitable green space" was ranked last. The structural model of the research path using the PLS technique shows that the "security and safety" component has the greatest impact on the realization of the human-centered approach.According to the research results, it can be said that contrary to the existing mentality that the old neighborhoods are more human-centered and respond to the needs of its residents. However, due to problems such as physical exhaustion, lack of safety against dangers, etc., in addition to creating dissatisfaction among the residents of the old neighborhoods, it has damaged the identity and position of the traditional Iranian neighborhood as a human-centered neighborhood. Therefore, in order to improve the position of neighborhoods in cities and humanize them, a kind of balance and proportion in facilities, services, etc. should be created in neighborhoods with logical and flexible planning. In the end, solutions were presented to return the components of the human-centered approach and improve the situation of Nasar neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The role of spatial organization indicators on the degree of sociability, with emphasis on physical-functional factors in mosques in Qazvin
MAHSA MIRSALAMI ALI OMRAMIPOURThe functional quality of the mosque space organization is very important due to its collective nature. Mosques, as a kind of collective camps with a high potential for socialization in order to harmonize worship, educational and cultural activities; They create a hiera MoreThe functional quality of the mosque space organization is very important due to its collective nature. Mosques, as a kind of collective camps with a high potential for socialization in order to harmonize worship, educational and cultural activities; They create a hierarchy of behavioral and activity systems. Today, due to changes in the urban structure, we can see an increase in the formation of mosques with a class structure or a plan with the principles of minimalism in the city of Qazvin. The desired and permanent connection between the space and the audience in these mosques is not established and fulfilled.Whereas the physical factor is one of the determining factors in the sociability of the mosque space and the functional component occurs in the light of the physical component; Therefore, the basis for the formation of many functions, especially social function in the place owes to the effects of the above two factors. The purpose of the research; Assessing the degree of sociability in mosques and the factors affecting its social quality by prioritizing physical and functional components in mosques in Qazvin. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in data collection. First, with the help of descriptive-analytical research method, using library resources, scientific articles and recording events with field techniques, information was collected, then by comparative analysis and logical reasoning, the social structure of mosques was evaluated. Spatial configuration and the composition of the distribution of spaces are the main factors in the pattern of voluntary and social activities in mosques. In order to explain the role of some dynamic physical factors and collective functions, the correlation method and a questionnaire were used. According to the previous explanations, the sample population in the selected mosques distributed 120 questionnaires among the audience and 98 questionnaires were filled by them. The aggregated data set provides a comprehensive picture of case studies focusing on the impact of features related to the configuration and type of organization of intermediate spaces, their arrangement and proportions, and performance variation. Therefore, the mosques of the measured neighborhood, Imam Hassan Askari (AS) and Javadalaimah (AS) have been purposefully selected.The results indicate that static and dynamic physical factors such as; Distribution, configuration, spatial hierarchy, and environmental comfort, along with activity factors, are effective in social cohesion, number of visits, duration of user presence, and consequently socialization of the mosque environment. Therefore, the two factors of body and function in the spatial organization of mosques, to meet the needs of users and their expectations in creating diverse areas of behavior - collective spaces for the need to interact or provide privacy - play an important role and can be considered by any The components in the design took steps to promote a sense of dynamism and satisfaction as a result of the presence of the audience in public places such as mosques.configuration, spatial hierarchy, and environmental comfort, along with activity factors, are influential in the sociability of the mosque environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Analysis of the Effects of Urban Sprawl on Social Vulnerability (Case Study: Qazvin City Districts)
Esfandiar Zebardast Hossein GhanouniIran is a country prone to earthquakes in which so many cities have experienced earthquakes in far and near past. Although there is a high potential for earthquakes to be destructive, the level of losses and damages of them is not solely dependent on the magnitude and t MoreIran is a country prone to earthquakes in which so many cities have experienced earthquakes in far and near past. Although there is a high potential for earthquakes to be destructive, the level of losses and damages of them is not solely dependent on the magnitude and the location of the earthquake, or physical aspects of buildings and urban areas. In the analysis of the impacts of natural hazards, three broad categories have been defined: 1) focus on natural hazard's biophysical impacts because of the place it occurs; 2) focus on hazard's impacts on societies that experience the hazard because of the social characteristics of those societies and 3) an approach that takes into account both of impacts. This article takes the second approach to analyze the effects of natural hazards. In this approach, social characteristics of the communities and societies, in which earthquake happens, come to center stage. Social vulnerability is one of the important aspects of earthquake risks and consequences. In addition, the progress of communication and transportation technologies and an increase in agricultural production surplus because of the Industrial Revolution has caused many rural settlers to migrate to cities. The increasing population raise in cities has led to many economic, social and environmental consequences, of which excessive horizontal and leapfrog development (which is called urban sprawl in scientific literature) is one. In this article urban sprawl is defined as: "unplanned, far-from-center and automobile-accessed growth of cities which has environmental, economic and social effects and is characterized by low density, segregation of land-uses and limited accessibility". In this research, at first theoretical literature of urban sprawl and social vulnerability were reviewed and the indicators for measuring them were chosen (13 for urban sprawl and 7 for social vulnerability) and the relevant data for Qazvin was extracted by using national census data and Geographic Information System (GIS). Then explorative factor analysis for eigenvalues bigger than 1 was conducted by using SPSS software and the indicators for sprawl were categorized into 4 factors: “density”, “configuration”, “land-use” and “accessibility” (70.22% of variance explained), and the indicators for social vulnerability were grouped in 1 factor: social vulnerability (66.9% of variance explained). Then the maps for each factor of sprawl and two main topics (sprawl and social vulnerability) were made. The correlation analysis was conducted on four factors of sprawl, social vulnerability factor (which is representative of social vulnerability altogether) and sprawl as a whole. The results show that from 4 factors of sprawl, just density factor has a significant correlation (0.801) with social vulnerability. Sprawl is also significantly (although weaker) correlated to social vulnerability (0.44). In addition, regression analysis showed that four factors of sprawl can explain 67.6% of the variance of social vulnerability. The relation between social vulnerability and density/sprawl is positive/negative, i.e. by an increase in density/decrease in sprawl, social vulnerability increases. Finally, the maps of sprawl and social vulnerability in Qazvin city districts and the map of potential districts for development are shown based on the correlation of sprawl and social vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Theoretical Modeling of Effective Components on Biophilic Design of Spaces between Residential Complexes
faeze yazdanirostam Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi Farah Habib -
Open Access Article
36 - Reading The Role of Yard in House
fahimeh padash Mehdi Kamel Abadi -
Open Access Article
37 - Obstacles facing women in holding the post of head of sports federations of Iran
jamal shayegan FARIBA MOHAMMADIAN zahra nobakht ramazaniThis research was done with the aim of identifying the obstacles faced by women in holding the post of president of Iranian sports federations. In terms of the method of data collection, the current research was a mixed and applied type of research. The statistical popu MoreThis research was done with the aim of identifying the obstacles faced by women in holding the post of president of Iranian sports federations. In terms of the method of data collection, the current research was a mixed and applied type of research. The statistical population included all female managers of the Ministry of Sports, the National Olympic Committee, sports federations, and female transnational champions (214 people), who were identified by interviewing 32 experts using the theoretical saturation method of existing challenges. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part of the Max Kiuda method and the interpretive structural qualitative model. The results of the research showed that the challenges faced by women in holding the post of president of sports federations of Iran, the lack of promotion of women in the job position due to organizational stereotypes and prejudices and the state of the power structure and male political roles in the body of sports and government have been mentioned the most. And women are considered to be more involved in the organizational factor and the succession factors, economic, family, cultural, personal, political, attitudinal and finally social factors have been identified as the next challenges respectively. According to the results of the research, organizational obstacles and succession are involved in holding the position of president for women, women should believe in their abilities and show sensitivity to their issues and try to raise their demands in sports organizations for holding managerial positions through law and logic. and follow up Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The establishment of sports rights federation is the necessity of today's sports community
mohammadreza akhgar mohammad Nikravan Keivan Shabani moghadam Ezzatullah Shah mansuriReview:Considering the expansion and professionalization of sports activities as well as the access of the country's sports to international arenas and the legal imperialism of the CAC Court, which has accelerated all aspects of sports; It is necessary to protect the ri MoreReview:Considering the expansion and professionalization of sports activities as well as the access of the country's sports to international arenas and the legal imperialism of the CAC Court, which has accelerated all aspects of sports; It is necessary to protect the rights of the sports family at the national and international levels; As the Medical Federation provides medical services to athletes; An independent federation can support athletes by providing legal services in the field of sports activities inside and outside the country.Due to the legal problems surrounding the country's sports, which unfortunately oftenlead to the condemnation of individuals, teams and sports federations at the international level, and generally lead to excessive costs on athletes, coaches, managers and sports federations, and this is a threat. It has become a great sport for the country and its media coverage and fringes have provided the ground for despair and hopelessness among athletes and managers.It seems that this important thing will be achieved with the establishment of the Sports Law Federation; The Legal Federation will definitely plan and implement international sports laws and general laws of the country to identify crimes and violations and then provide preventive solutions such as holding training courses, explaining the rules, preventing violations, corruption in sports, etc. to develop a scientific culture in management Crime prevention and accident reduction.As the results of the present study introduce this important "necessity of establishing a sports law federation" as an effective and efficient institution is a necessity of today's sports community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - A Algorithm Pseudo Code for Approximating of Maximal Independent Set in the Unit Disc Graph
Gholam Hassan Shirdel Mojtaba Ghanbari Mehdi JalinousiThe unit disk graph is used to model a wireless sensor network when all sensors have the same communication radius. Hence, the following two optimization problems have been investigated by the researchers: maximal independent set in the network and minimal network domin MoreThe unit disk graph is used to model a wireless sensor network when all sensors have the same communication radius. Hence, the following two optimization problems have been investigated by the researchers: maximal independent set in the network and minimal network dominating set. Since these problems are Np-hard, several algorithms have been presented for their approximation. In this paper, we have presented a honeycomb graph and algorithmic matrix methods for approximating the maximal independent set in the network. Finally, we have confirmed the validity of the algorithm and its complexity and studied it with a numerical example.Keywords: Wireless network, Independent set, Dominating set, Algorithm, Honeycomb network E. Leeuwen, Approximation Algorithms for Unit Disk Graphs, technical report, institute of information and computing sciences, utrecht university, (2004), UU-CS-2004-066. N. Bourgeois, F. Della Croce, B. Escoffier. V.Th. Paschos, Fast algorithms for min independent dominating set, Discrete Applied Mathematics 161, (2013), pp. 558-572. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - K-Frame of multipliers in Hilbert pro-C*-module
Mona Naroei Irani Akbar Nazariabstract‎For the study of atomic systems, first introduced by Feichtinger et al. Gavruta presented K-frames on Hilbert spaces. K-frames are a kind of frames in sense that the lower frame bound only holds for the elements in the range of the K, where K is a bounded l Moreabstract‎For the study of atomic systems, first introduced by Feichtinger et al. Gavruta presented K-frames on Hilbert spaces. K-frames are a kind of frames in sense that the lower frame bound only holds for the elements in the range of the K, where K is a bounded linear operator in Hilbert space. C*-algebra whose topology is induced by a family of continuous C*-seminorms instead of a C*-norm is called pro-C*-algebra. Hilbert pro-C*-modules are generalizations of Hilbert spaces by allowing the inner product to take values in a pro-C*-algebra rather than in the field of complex numbers. In this paper, the sequences whose elements are adjointable operators from pro-C*-algebra into Hilbert pro-C*-module is called the sequence of multipliers. We introduce the concept atomic systems and K-frame of multipliers in Hilbert pro-C*-modules and for more information, we give an example of K-frames. We obtain a condition that sequences of multipliers is frame, also we investigate the relationship between atomic systems and K-frames with each other and the frame of multipliers. If K is a bounded operator with certain conditions then every K-frame of multipliers is a frame of multipliers in Hilbert pro-C*-module. Also, we investigate some of the properties of these concepts, such as the combination of operators with K-frames in Hilbert pro-C*-module. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Mathematical modeling and problem solving Integrated production planning and preventive maintenance with limited human resources
، mohammd sharifzadegan Adel Pourghader ChobarThe need for integration has long been the focus of researchers and industry managers. Therefore, some researchers sought to coordinate and integrate production, maintenance and repair. The issues of integrating production planning, maintenance and repair and quality co MoreThe need for integration has long been the focus of researchers and industry managers. Therefore, some researchers sought to coordinate and integrate production, maintenance and repair. The issues of integrating production planning, maintenance and repair and quality control with other parts of production and industrial systems reduce costs and increase the profitability of production organizations. Accordingly, in this research, integration and continuity in simultaneous planning of production areas and support in production organizations have been discussed. These areas include the schedule of production, maintenance and preventive maintenance, and human resources. Therefore, the mathematical optimization model is presented with the aim of manpower planning and increasing the volume of the company's production by considering the limitations of human resources. In this model, personnel skills, equipment usage rate and equipment failure rate in case of uncertainty with fuzzy method are used in the model parameters. The purpose of the proposed model is to minimize the labor force deficit over production efficiency. The results obtained from the implementation in a production organization by comparing the indefinite and meta-innovative solution show the improvement in the company's production with the least reasonable time, provide answers with the least possible error. Sensitivity analysis shows that the rate of equipment failure in the intervals before and after the preventive maintenance process has a great impact on the value of the objective function of the mathematical model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The effect of non-commitment condition on banks' exemption in documentary documents
mohammad reza bagheri jafar jamali ali zareAbstract:Given the importance and application of this condition in banking contracts and its impact on the realization of liability or exemption of banks, it is necessary to study the concept, effects and scope and the possibility or impossibility of invoking this condi MoreAbstract:Given the importance and application of this condition in banking contracts and its impact on the realization of liability or exemption of banks, it is necessary to study the concept, effects and scope and the possibility or impossibility of invoking this condition. The question is, is such a binding condition known due to the bank's trust? How to combine it with the security duties and inherent commitment of banks to the customer's interest is also an ambiguity about which no comprehensive and independent research has been done, and at the same time, the answer is effective in fulfilling the responsibility or exemption of banks and customer rights. The ambiguity of this condition and its imposition can be criticized and pave the way for numerous lawsuits.The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of data collection, it is library.Considering the basis of civil liability of banks, in any case where the mentioned condition is in conflict with the trustworthiness and inherent obligation of the banks to review the documents and pay the credit, there should be no hesitation in not paying attention to this condition and deviating from it. It can be a document for breach or non-observance of the obligation to the bank and exemption from liability.Keywords: Letter of credit, non-liability condition, imposed conditions, serious fault, banks' exemption from liability Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Two lives’ flow The evolution trail of a criminal character in light of criminological browse through the book “Death is my trade”
Gelavizh Sheikholeslami vatani Mohamad Ashouri Nasrin Mahra Mohamad Ali Mahdavi SabetIn the process of transition from thought to criminal action, what happens for a professional offender in his/her continuing desire to commit a crime is the strong attraction and lack or weakness of deterrents that lead to his or her reintegration into society. But why MoreIn the process of transition from thought to criminal action, what happens for a professional offender in his/her continuing desire to commit a crime is the strong attraction and lack or weakness of deterrents that lead to his or her reintegration into society. But why professional offenders are reluctant to use deterrents? Among the many reasons that can be listed, there are three cognitive factors: First, they do not judge and justify social issues except from their own point of view and logic. Second, they do not shy away from actions that bring harm to others and finally not only altruistic tendencies are often weak or absent, but they also suffer from some kind of emotional indifference in their interactions with other people. The present study, which sought to explain why and how this indifference occurred, seeks a cognitive explanation of the criminal transition path of the life of a professional criminal named Rudolf Franz Höss, introduced by the author as Rudolf Lang. A narrative that focuses on a few fundamental components: The process of crystallization of anti-social behaviors influenced by childhood experiences and memories, Lack of family, religious and social interests, The importance of risk components in different age periods and finally the formation of a criminal character and its evolution in the context of time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Studying the Feasibility of Extending the Legal Titles in Imamyeh Jurisprudence to Include Ethics Functions
Mahdeyeh Hajaliakbar ebrahim yaghouti Zahra FehrestiAbstractThere are some values and principles dominant in human communities based on which social institutions are formed. The revelatory teachings play the main roles in explaining Islamic approaches to these values considering the fact that the needed solutions should MoreAbstractThere are some values and principles dominant in human communities based on which social institutions are formed. The revelatory teachings play the main roles in explaining Islamic approaches to these values considering the fact that the needed solutions should be derived from and operationalized by Sharia. Through studying jurisprudential and legal rules, jurisprudents and lawyers identified the concept of good ethics and considered it as a rule to restrict the will of individuals in protecting social expediencies. Although, there are theories for or against if there is some relationship between law and good ethics, but a use of good ethics by a legislator in legislation suggest the fact that ethical dos and don'ts in the sacred Islamic Sharia in social domain can be used as a base for legislation in many legal cases. The present research tried descriptively and analytically to answer this question, “Can Islamic law be extended to include good ethics?” By considering the mentioned cases, the results showed that Imamyeh jurisprudence allows for good ethics considered in Quran and Islamic narrations to be used in making legal acts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effects of the spread of corruption on earth to economic crimes based on the specific characteristics of these crimes
Ali Asadi Amir Mohammad Sedighiyan Ali Zare MehrjerdiEconomic crime is one of the new concepts of modern society, which in terms of its threats to the stability and security of societies, traditions and values of democracy, moral values and justice, sustainable development and the rule of law, has become increasingly worr MoreEconomic crime is one of the new concepts of modern society, which in terms of its threats to the stability and security of societies, traditions and values of democracy, moral values and justice, sustainable development and the rule of law, has become increasingly worrying. A.A. has considered such crimes as a major example of corruption on earth earth, economic crime, civil rights, repression, criminal law. Knowing the specific characteristics of such crimes in terms of the act committed, their contexts, scale, specific characteristics of the perpetrators, as well as their victimology, is a necessary condition for adopting a prudent criminal strategy against them. The criminalization of widespread disruption of the country's economic system is cited as an example of corruption on earth in Article 286 of the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 2013. The present descriptive-analytical study shows the lack of proportionality between the effects on the legislator's adopted approach and the nature of economic crimes; Despite the professionalism of the perpetrators of economic crimes and their use of complex methods, the approach adopted by the legislature is not capable of criminal deterrence; Consequences such as violations of economic rights and citizenship and criminal repression are also inconsistent with the nature of economic crimes. It seems that a deliberate confrontation with economic crimes, more than anything else, instead of resorting to the most severe criminal repressive tools, requires a differential approach to the investigation, as well as anticipation and application of various criminal, administrative, civil and correctional executions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - A study of return cyclical pattern monthly in Tehran stock (by using moving block bootstrap)
علیرضا عرفانی سولماز صفریAbstractCalendar anomalies are the cyclical patterns which cannot be explained byfundamental factors in stock returns. One of the most important anomalies is the Monthseffect of year that their discovery is the opposite of market efficiency theory. Therefore,the purpose MoreAbstractCalendar anomalies are the cyclical patterns which cannot be explained byfundamental factors in stock returns. One of the most important anomalies is the Monthseffect of year that their discovery is the opposite of market efficiency theory. Therefore,the purpose of this article is the examination of stock Anomalies monthly in Tehran Stockmarket in the period 1998-2012 through moving block bootstrap method and Percentileconfidence intervals.The conclusion shows that Farvardin returns average has the positive, significant andhighest return. Accordingly, the liquidity effect and Window Dressing theory could be anexplanation to positive returns in the period 1998-2012. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The asymmetric effect of inflation on stock price Index in Tehran Stock Market
مهدی پدرام شمس اله شیرین بخش ماسوله آمنه روستاییAbstractIn this study, the asymmetric effect of the inflation shocks on Tehran Exchange PriceIndex was investigated. First, the GARCH method was applied to measured inflationshocks, the impact of inflation shock on stock price was estimated , by using impulseresponse fu MoreAbstractIn this study, the asymmetric effect of the inflation shocks on Tehran Exchange PriceIndex was investigated. First, the GARCH method was applied to measured inflationshocks, the impact of inflation shock on stock price was estimated , by using impulseresponse function (IRF) and variance decomposition analysis (VDC) Techniques. for thepurpose, quarterly data over the period of 1370-1390 has been used. the result of thisstudy Suggest that the impact of inflation shocks on stock price is asymmetric .Thenegative effects of positive inflation shocks on stock price is greater than the positiveeffects of negative inflation shocks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The relationship between futures and cash market price of gold coins
بهزاد فکاری سردهایی اکبر میرزاپور علی صیامی مصطفی کجوریAbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between spot and futures priceof gold coins in Iran and how market information spread between these markets, andanalysis between changes in cash and futures price volatility is the daily gold coins. Dailyd MoreAbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between spot and futures priceof gold coins in Iran and how market information spread between these markets, andanalysis between changes in cash and futures price volatility is the daily gold coins. Dailydata for the future price of gold coins collected in 2012 from Iran Mercantile Exchange,has been used. To examine the relationship between spot price and futures price of goldcoins multiple regression models, vector Autoregressive , GARCH and Granger causalitytest is used. The results showed that changes in futures and spot coin price does not havea significant relation in the VAR model and multiple regression , But the spot and futuresprice volatility have an effective relationship. Granger causality tests also showed there isa relation from the spot price to the futures price changes. But the spot price and futuresprice volatility results indicate that this is Duplex relationship between markets, there isinformation flow between the two markets as a perfect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - A hybrid Model on the Basis of Data Envelopment Analysis and Data Mining Techniques to Analyze the Investment Behavior in Stock Exchange: A Real Case Study in Tehran Stock Exchange
Saiedeh Molla Hosseinagha Kaveh Khalili-Damghani -
Open Access Article
50 - Analyzing and Drawing the Co-word Map of Competitive Intelligence in First-Level Technical Universities of Tehran
Mandana Yavari Parivash Jafari Nadergholi Gorchian -
Open Access Article
51 - The Effect of Brand Equity on Purchase intention With Mediating Role of Brand Attitude
Ehsaneh Nejad Mohammad Nameghi Abas Asadi zahra khakrizi Mohammad Ali Berangi, -
Open Access Article
52 - Presenting the Agricultural Marketing Model with an Emphasis on the Development and Marketing of Medicinal Plants in Iran
Bijan alizadeh Abdullah Naami Mohammad Nasroallah Nia -
Open Access Article
53 - Analyzing social justice according to the 6th Development Plan of Article 78
Parima Beidaghi Sedighe Tootian Esfahani Nazanin pilevari Hasan Rangriz -
Open Access Article
54 - Investigation and Comparison of Available Models for Green Hospitals’
Yousef Shaabani Ali VafaeeNajar Ellahe HooshmandIntroduction: Green Hospital is a hospital that improves people's health by continues reducing environmental impacts and meets its share of the burden to disease. Since there is no single and the same pattern of green and healthy hospitals sothe aim of this study was to MoreIntroduction: Green Hospital is a hospital that improves people's health by continues reducing environmental impacts and meets its share of the burden to disease. Since there is no single and the same pattern of green and healthy hospitals sothe aim of this study was to determine the patterns in green hospital in the world by systematic review. Methods: This study is a comprehensive review and search the site by reputable domestic and foreign institutional and electronic databases was conducted in order to identify patterns green hospital. Results: There are seven green hospital management models for each specific dimensions of their own. There is a large overlap between these models, indicating the importance of some aspects of hospital green. Patterns include: BEPHS, GGHC, USGBC, LEED, ISO14000, SHT, PAHO and GGHH respectively. Conclusion: Overlap in terms of energy efficiency, water efficiency and waste management patterns were observed in all other aspects could be due to differences in location patterns and different organizations providing organizations needs to be mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigation of the Shopping Environment's Perceptions on Consumption Emotions, the Perceived Values and Tourist's Behavioral Intentions
کامبیز حیدرزاده آرزو جوان بختAbstract The main objective of this study is develop and test a comprehensive model that investigate effect of shopping environment on consumption emotion, perceived value and behavioral intentions in tourism setting. In fact, the proposed model specifies the effect of MoreAbstract The main objective of this study is develop and test a comprehensive model that investigate effect of shopping environment on consumption emotion, perceived value and behavioral intentions in tourism setting. In fact, the proposed model specifies the effect of environment perceptions on consumption emotions (pleasure and arousal), hedonic and utilitarian value, which in turn emotions and values affect tourist’s satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Data were collected through tourists that visit from tourist city by using cluster random sampling method. A total of 410 questionnaires were used for data analysis. Structural equations modeling (SEM) by using LISREL was performed to empirically test the relationships between the constructs of this research. Results show that environment has a positive and significant influence on pleasure and arousal. However, effect of environment perceptions on behavioral intentions was not significant. Also, results indicate that pleasure and arousal have a positive and significant effect on tourist’s values. Findings revealed that hedonic and utilitarian values had direct effect on customer satisfaction and also, effect of satisfaction on behavioral intention was positive and significant. Finally, it suggests that service providers should focus on components of environment in a way that contributes positively in creating positive emotions in customers, which in turn consumption emotions enhance perceived value and positive behavioral intentions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Surveying the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with moderating role of perceived security and perceived trust of electronic transfer in Mellat Bank branches in Sari city
Rohoallah Alizadeh Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Ozineh Elham khaniAbstract Present study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this stu MoreAbstract Present study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this study is an applied study and from method point of view is a survey – descriptive and cause - reason study. Statistical population is customers of Mellat Bank branches in Sari city which their numbers are infinite. The questionnaires were distributed randomly and relative classified among 395 customers. The data was analyzed using structural equations and Lisrel software. The results indicate that objective dimensions of electronic payment has impact on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. In this regard, all hypothesis were confirmed and finally some recommendations were provided to branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. Keywords: Technical securities, transaction processes, security statements, perceived security, perceived trust, the usage of electronic payment system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Study of the Effect Satisfaction and Trust on Customers Loyalty in Service Organizations (Case Study: Branches of Melli Bank in City of Arak)
محمد امین جمشیدیانAbstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of Satisfaction and Trust on Customers Loyalty. service quality as the key antecedent of customer satisfaction. Methodology: The present research in terms of goal is an applied type and in terms of g MoreAbstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of Satisfaction and Trust on Customers Loyalty. service quality as the key antecedent of customer satisfaction. Methodology: The present research in terms of goal is an applied type and in terms of gathering information is a causal one. In this research, in order to father information a field research method and a standardized questionnaire were used. The statistical population is customers Melli Bank in city of Arak that using the services provided by this bank. In order to conduct the research, sample size of 220 questionnaire were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was proved through Cronbach alpha and the reliability of the questionnaire was proved by some of the experts of the statistical population. In order to process data, Lisrel software was used. Findings: The research results indicate that Satisfaction and trust have a positive effect on customer loyalty. Complaint handling also have a positive impact on satisfaction, trust and customers loyalty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigating the Influential Factors on Customer Experience Management on Bank Indicators (Case Study of Maskan Bank of Kermanshah City)
Ebrahim Heshmati Hamidreza Saeednia ali Badie ZadehNowadays, the term "customer experience" has become one of the commonly used words in business literature, and many companies aim at improving it, gaining competitive advantage over their other competitors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affe MoreNowadays, the term "customer experience" has become one of the commonly used words in business literature, and many companies aim at improving it, gaining competitive advantage over their other competitors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the management of customer experience in banking services. The research method used in this research is quantitative. The technique used to collect data was fieldwork and tools used for data collection by a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity confirmed by professors and its reliability was obtained using Cranach's alpha of 90%. A sample of customers from Kermanshah Maskan Bank selected and 384 people selected using Cochran's formula for unknown societies. Data analysis done using Spss and Amos software. The results of data analysis indicate that the association of ads with 95% effect on expected factors, brand promises having a 90% effect on expected factors, oral recommendations having an effect of 65% on expected factors, human factors having a 84% effect on perceptual factors, factors The structure has a 68% impact on perceptual factors, physical factors have an impact of 97% on perceptual factors, support has a 42% effect on care factors, problem solving has a 37% effect on care factors, customer care has a 39% impact on care factors, factors Expectancy has a 43% impact on customer experience management, perceptual factors having a 51% impact on management Customer experience and ultimately care factors have a 38% impact on customer experience management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The imminent return of Jesus Christ in the Anglican religion with a look at Islamic jurisprudence
mansooreh nejat nia Bakhshali ghanbari mohammadreza adliThe return of Jesus Christ, which is interpreted as the second coming or parousia, is a Christian belief that this idea is based on prophecies and is part of Christian eschatology. There are differences of opinion among Christian sects regarding this view. In the New Te MoreThe return of Jesus Christ, which is interpreted as the second coming or parousia, is a Christian belief that this idea is based on prophecies and is part of Christian eschatology. There are differences of opinion among Christian sects regarding this view. In the New Testament, the return of Jesus is mentioned and in it terms like: arrival, coming or presence are mentioned and that event is defined as "savior" and "incarnation" of God. According to the New Testament Bible, the return of Jesus to earth will be a glorious event that will appear with events. The Second Coming is mentioned in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles' Creed. In the following centuries, the issue of the return of Jesus Christ in the Protestant circles also has debates and reform actions, especially because in the Lutheran and Anglican rites it is mentioned as the second return that Jesus will come again with glory to judge the living and the dead. According to Anglicans' belief, we experience the signs and evidences of Christ's return in the world and in our current life, which we clearly witness in the Eucharist. According to them, the return is in justice and peace and this fact must be realized. Finally, there is the belief and expectation of the return of Jesus in the end times. In this essay, prominent cases of apocalyptic beliefs of Christianity, especially in the Anglican denomination, are examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Contemplation on the ratio between the obligation to provide the information and no warning
Reyhaneh Hassanpour Asadullah Lotfi Marzieh PilevarThe need for today's society and the need for consumers to be informed of the basic commodity information have led the lawyers to propose a "commitment to provide information in the contract" theory. Based on this theory, the party that is aware of the contract is oblig MoreThe need for today's society and the need for consumers to be informed of the basic commodity information have led the lawyers to propose a "commitment to provide information in the contract" theory. Based on this theory, the party that is aware of the contract is obligated to provide the uninformed party with information about the subject of the contract. Certainly, part of this information is dedicated to the dangers and disadvantages of the correct and incorrect use of the goods; therefore, silence can give rise to the responsibility of the supplier or the manufacturer of the goods, and the provision of information can be taken away as a liability. This concept is akin to the abundance of altruism, since under this rule, any warning and inerrancy results in the elimination of responsibility. Therefore, the main question of the present research can be summarized as follows: the ways of sharing and differentiating the underlying principle and the obligation to provide information. We arrive at the results that there is a general and absolute relation between the inertia and the obligation to provide information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - An overview of the jurisprudential principles of change and order in relation to the quality of the punishment of the enemy
Mohamadebrahim Mojahed Ahmad Abedini najaf abadi Javad PanjehpourReview:A brief look at the jurisprudential history of the debate We came across two promises of change and order. Because sometimes the evidence leads to the abandonment of the primary appearance and the removal of iodine from the main literal meaning, in which case the MoreReview:A brief look at the jurisprudential history of the debate We came across two promises of change and order. Because sometimes the evidence leads to the abandonment of the primary appearance and the removal of iodine from the main literal meaning, in which case the primary meaning is stagnant, and the word acquires a secondary meaning. Like the repeated repetition of the word "he" in the verse of Moharebeh. Another example is what has been said: Citing the two verses of expiation of oath and expiation of Hajj has made the above-mentioned cases optional in the case of the agent of Bahma, therefore, this word also has an optional meaning in the punishment of the enemy! Sheikh Tusi in his book Khalaf rejects this argument and says: But where there is atonement, there is a journey from fear to violence. Therefore, the analogy of "him" in expressing the four punishments to the expiation of swearing and Hajj is completely unjustified. As for the Sunni jurists, Shafi'i, Hanafi and Ahmad have considered the preferred word as the order, and Lee Malik has believed in the optional change which is related to the same word. In total, in the study, eight reasons were presented for preferring the promise of order over choice. As a result, Saeb's promise on how to apply the four punishments is order. In addition, reflection is inferred in the narrations of the chapter, these two promises do not have a substantial contradiction with each other, even the promise of change corresponds to the order and proportionality of the crime with the punishment. So the legitimacy of the promise of order is proved. It is worthwhile for the criminal legislator to try to amend Article 283 of the Penal Code, based on the promise of order. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The principle of expediency in establishing lineage from the point of view of the two parties *
NARGES uosefirad mohamad sadag jamshidi rad MASOOME MAZAHERIToday, with the advancement of science and technology and its undeniable impact in the field of justice, the evidence of litigation has been removed from the monopoly in certain cases. And the evidence under the heading of scientific reports and the judiciary has come t MoreToday, with the advancement of science and technology and its undeniable impact in the field of justice, the evidence of litigation has been removed from the monopoly in certain cases. And the evidence under the heading of scientific reports and the judiciary has come to the aid of judges and courts, which, due to its high degree of scientific validity and customary certainty, has created a dramatic change in this regard.Proofs of lineage have not been without this situation and have gone beyond monopoly in the framework of proofs such as testimony, confession, rule of thumb and lottery, so that new methods of lineage, including DNA testing due to intellectual and scientific support, play an important role in realizing the science of judge and Prove the lineage in this way,However, paying attention to the principle of family expediency and the rights of the child in order to prevent the disintegration of families and to observe the envy and expediency of the child has led to the question that if using new methods of lineage and attributing the child to adultery, such an action Is the family system and the rights of the child and the public order of society compatible? Therefore, in the present study, the views of the jurists of the two sects on the validity of the principle of expediency in establishing ancestry are examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Necessities and obstacles of using the secret operation of entrapment in the economic crime of money laundering
Mohammad Pirani Asghar Abbasi Ali GhorbaniBackground and purpose – Economic crime have led to destructive effects and negative economic consequences for the country. Special characteristics, including low visibility, high dark figure, dynamism, wide scope of danger, and special information make detection MoreBackground and purpose – Economic crime have led to destructive effects and negative economic consequences for the country. Special characteristics, including low visibility, high dark figure, dynamism, wide scope of danger, and special information make detection of these crimes difficult. Thus, secret entrapment operations can be considered as a suitable solution to fight against this type of crimes. However, the lack of recognition of the necessities of and obstacles to the enforcement of secret entrapment operations for economic crimes will cause doubts both in the enforcement or non- enforcement of these operations as well as in the public’s minds, making them unoptimistic towards the nature of such operations. This study attempts to answer the questions that: “what are the main obstacles and necessities of the enforcement of the secret entrapment operations for the economic crime of money laundering?” and “how can these necessities and obstacles be explained?”Methodology – This study is descriptive-analytical and has investigated and analyzed the above-mentioned questions using the library and note-taking methods.Findings and results –While explaining the necessities and obstacles of the enforcement of a secret entrapment operation for the economic crime of money laundering, this study can be successful on the one hand for guiding the police, designers and operators of secret operations in the enforcement of secret entrapment operations, and on the other hand, increase the public's trust in the police and judicial system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Re-examining the jurisprudential foundations of the civil responsibility of the media نماد «مورد تأیید انجمن»
maryam pourbabaei fariba pahlevani abbas samavatiAbstract:The importance of the media in today's era is not hidden from anyone. In today's world, the media is considered as one of the most important and influential tools in people's lives and their thoughts. The expansion of media and the use of it by humanity in vari MoreAbstract:The importance of the media in today's era is not hidden from anyone. In today's world, the media is considered as one of the most important and influential tools in people's lives and their thoughts. The expansion of media and the use of it by humanity in various fields has caused it to be one of the most important challenges in the last century. The lack of strong laws in various fields of media and the violation of ethics and human privacy in the media have prompted governments to seriously reconsider the legislation in the field of media. Now the question is, who is responsible for compensation if a loss is caused by the media? Because in Iran, the laws and rights are derived from Islamic principles. Considering the damage that some media causes to the rights of individuals, this researchAn analysis has tried to examine the jurisprudential foundations of the civil responsibility of the media in order to make the correct decision of the Islamic State in the matter of legislation.Keywords: media, civil responsibility, waste rule, harmless ruleنماد «مورد تأیید انجمن»نماد «مورد تأیید انجمن» Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - A Practical Desalinization Model for Large Scale Application
S. Asadi kapourchal M. Homaee E. Pazira -
Open Access Article
66 - Assessing and Evaluation Financial of Krhpv Range Plan in of Ilam
mahmoud hamidian سعید طهماسبیانAbstractRange plans one of the main tools of the management and use of rangelands in Iran, thought improvement and correct use of rangeland in range plans, at fact, the first scientific and technical work at subject of Iran's Range Management, and correct implementation MoreAbstractRange plans one of the main tools of the management and use of rangelands in Iran, thought improvement and correct use of rangeland in range plans, at fact, the first scientific and technical work at subject of Iran's Range Management, and correct implementation improvement and development of projects rangeland require economic justification to accepted the scientific methods. Therefore, in this study, after collection statistics and information is necessary, using methods of engineering economics to assessing and economic evaluation Krhpv Range Plan, in of Ilam was studied. The results showed that the criterion net present value (NPV), with a interest rate 26 percent, with a positive net value. and at a interest rate 26/56 percent of the net value of equal to zero, And also benefit-cost ratio (BCR) the a interest rate 26 percent is greater than one and at the rate of 26/56 percent of is equal one. nternal Ration of Return plan (IRR) 26/56 percent and given the high rate of, Plan, nine years is economically feasible. according to the proper financial justification of the plan, Is better the assignment and implementation range plans to beneficiaries , procedure and policy be taken Until ranchers tend to have implementation plans and government, providing part of the costs, active participation in the have implementation range plans To the equation costs and benefits the desire to win more benefit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - A study of transformational leadership style and its relationship with organizational effectiveness in the Radio and Television Organization
ali mikaeili ali akbar Farhangi Hamid Reza Hoseini DanaIntroduction & Objective of Research: In recent decades, the role of media organizations has become more and more prominent and this has led to the study and research of these organizations from different dimensions. One of these dimensions is the management dimensi MoreIntroduction & Objective of Research: In recent decades, the role of media organizations has become more and more prominent and this has led to the study and research of these organizations from different dimensions. One of these dimensions is the management dimension and effectiveness of these organizations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership style and organizational effectiveness in the Radio and Television of Iran in a survey method.Research Method: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study and its survey method. The statistical population of this research was 400 employees of 7 departments of "Broadcasting, Voice, News, Support, Education, Research and Planning and Technology" in Tehran. These samples were selected by stratified random sampling method in these deputies. Data were collected through the Standard Transformational Leadership Style Questionnaire (Question 20) and the Organizational Effectiveness Questionnaire (Question 28). The reliability of these questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha calculated for the transformational leadership style questionnaire of 0.90 and the organizational effectiveness questionnaire of 0.91. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26.Findings: The findings show that there is a significant relationship between the components of transformational leadership style and organizational effectiveness in the Radio and Television Organization at the level of 1% (p = 0.01) .In general, between the transformational leadership style index and its effectiveness There is a direct and significant relationship in the Radio and Television Organization.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, transformational leadership style has a strong and positive relationship with the level of organizational effectiveness, meaning that the use of transformational leadership style in the broadcaster leads to directing employees to increase the effectiveness of the organization and thus achieve the goals of the broadcaster Is predetermined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Conceptual Model of Cultural Management in Relation to Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
maryam TaghvaeeyazdiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cultural management with organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in order to present a conceptual model in Mazandaran province in 1397. Method: The research method w MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cultural management with organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in order to present a conceptual model in Mazandaran province in 1397. Method: The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population consisted of all employees of Mazandaran Islamic Azad University, which numbered 250 people. The statistical sample was calculated using Cochran's formula of 152 people. Random sampling method was simple. Data collection tool was a tool for collecting data from Denison's cultural management questionnaire (2000), organizational commitment of Allen and Meyer (1990), and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (1998). Cronbach's alpha method was used for estimating reliability. All three questionnaires Higher than 0.7. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used. Findings: The hypothesis test indicates that there is a meaningful and direct relationship between all dimensions of cultural management variable and organizational commitment. But from the dimensions of cultural management, only missions are related to citizenship behavior. Also, there is no relationship between organizational commitment and its dimensions with organizational citizenship behavior. Conclusion: Cultural management through the planning, selection, socialization and continuous use of precisely-planned symbols and slogans can give a special shape to culture, and this way, organizational citizenship behaviors Manage staff. Also, a person with a high organizational commitment remains in the organization, accepts its goals and, for achieving those goals, shows itself overwork or even self-sacrifice, and has a high conscience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Designing a Productivity Measurement Model in Iranian Cultural Organizations (Case Study of Tehran Municipality Cultural and Artistic Organization)
Nazanin mohammadvand ali rashidpoor mojtaba shahnoushiReview:Introduction & Objective: Culture can affect economic efficiency by promoting common values within the group that determine the ways of economic processes of production by group members. One person was selected in the quantitative section and 12 people in t MoreReview:Introduction & Objective: Culture can affect economic efficiency by promoting common values within the group that determine the ways of economic processes of production by group members. One person was selected in the quantitative section and 12 people in the qualitative section.Research Method: This research with a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) seeks to design a productivity measurement model in Iranian cultural organizations that is compatible with the Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality. In terms of data collection method, 5 main components and 58 sub-components of the literature The content analysis method was extracted and through the implementation of the Delphi method with the presence of academic elites and experts of cultural organizations, a consensus was reached that finally 21 concepts were identified as the final dimensions of the model.Findings: The results show that the status of the main components of management style, personal characteristics, cultural and social factors, economic and environmental factors in the cultural and artistic organization of Tehran Municipality in terms of the sample had a good correlation.Conclusion: The results showed that increasing productivity has a direct relationship with 5 components that have a direct positive effect with the growth of output to input ratio with reducing costs and the component of environmental factors in terms of efficiency and effectiveness have the same effect on productivity of this organization. Had Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Investigating the Status Art management of area schools 11 of Tehran
ابوالفضل بهجتAbstract: This study was to Investigating the status of "Art management " in the school district 11 in Tehran , administrators, teachers and students. The methodology used in this study and the method is applied for the purpose. The study sample consisted of students, t MoreAbstract: This study was to Investigating the status of "Art management " in the school district 11 in Tehran , administrators, teachers and students. The methodology used in this study and the method is applied for the purpose. The study sample consisted of students, teachers, principals and district 11 in Tehran that using cluster sampling method, the number of 80 students and 44 teachers and administrators were selected as study samples. The data collection tool in the study questionnaire. And questions based on four ramifications of tasks, skills and management roles as well as for students of art and design is set. The situation is not good. Art management at students and between teachers and administrators is lower than average. And among students and teachers and principals in 11, there was significant difference. The data are suitable for factor analysis. Keywords: art, management, artistic management, schools (school, elementary, elementary) Keywords Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Culture of the University Entrepreneurship Ecosystem, The Drivers of Social Entrepreneurship Development
mohammad javad jame bozorgi محمدرضا میگون پوریAbstract Objective: The article seeks to examine the cultural dimensions of the university entrepreneurship ecosystem. Culture in individual, organizational, educational, research, business and management dimensions are the drivers of social entrepreneurship development MoreAbstract Objective: The article seeks to examine the cultural dimensions of the university entrepreneurship ecosystem. Culture in individual, organizational, educational, research, business and management dimensions are the drivers of social entrepreneurship development and its goal is to create social value. Method: The research is descriptive with survey technique and questionnaire tools. The statistical population is 44 university graduates who have worked in the field of social entrepreneurship. The sample size is selected by available sampling. Findings: Based on the findings, R2 values in the dimension of individual culture with (548.), organizational culture with (555.), educational culture with (508.), research culture with (619.), Business culture with (730.) Explain the variance of the dependent variable with (619) management culture. Results: showed that the culture of university entrepreneurial ecosystem in different dimensions is the driver of social entrepreneurship development. Individual culture plays a role in the development of social entrepreneurship by motivating, strengthening self-confidence and identifying opportunities. Organizational culture with teamwork, planning and organizational citizenship behavior, educational culture with quality of education, teaching methods and appropriate educational content, managerial culture with accountability and criticism, business culture with risk-taking, creativity, opportunity and culture Research by quality of research Attention to technological research and knowledge-based (start-up) helps to develop social entrepreneurship, sense of responsibility and create social value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Designing ethical marketing model in tourism industry(Shiraz)
mehrnoosh khabiri محسن رنجبر Dr.ali Akhavan GhannadiThe purpose of this study was to design an ethical marketing model in the tourism industry. The method of this research was a combination of exploratory and based on qualitative-quantitative method with qualitative priority. The statistical population in the qualitative MoreThe purpose of this study was to design an ethical marketing model in the tourism industry. The method of this research was a combination of exploratory and based on qualitative-quantitative method with qualitative priority. The statistical population in the qualitative section of academic elites and tourism industry in Shiraz was Delphi method with 15 people and the statistical population in the quantitative section included users of tourism services in Shiraz in 1397 where 257 people were selected based on Cochran's formula. .Qualitative results showed 12 main factors of justice; Honesty; Welfare; the freedom; Law agent; Tourist rights; Moral obligations; Social obligations ; Social Responsibility; Social accountability; Religious intentions, motives, and restrictions, from the experts' point of view, affect the ethical marketing model in the tourism industry, and the results were partially confirmed. Based on the optimal fit of the designed model, the proposed model is an efficient tool in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Investigating the effect of internalized cultural capital on the tendency towards modernism in the youth of Khorramabad
farhad Tahmasebi naderi مجید kk علی دلاورAbstract:The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internalized (embodied) cultural capital with four components of "activism, rationalism, universalism and convergence" on the tendency towards modernism among young people. Young people turn to mode MoreAbstract:The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internalized (embodied) cultural capital with four components of "activism, rationalism, universalism and convergence" on the tendency towards modernism among young people. Young people turn to modernism in the four variables of religion, family, leisure, and sources of mass communication. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive, descriptive, explanatory and survey data collection. The statistical population includes all young people of 54 thousand people who were selected as a sample using Morgan and Krejcie table and 773 people were selected from the statistical population using purposive non-probabilistic sampling method. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Matlab software and the research hypotheses were analyzed using a fuzzy method. The results showed that, firstly, "with each of the four components, the internalized cultural capital increases. Cultural, internalized, trend-oriented, modernism is effective among the youth of Shah Khorramabad in the four variables of religion, family, leisure and mass communication resources, and the higher the rate, the greater the tendency. Keywords: Internalized Cultural Capital, Generalism, Activism, Rationalism and Modernism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - An Explanation of the Role of Normative Variables in Organizational Silence
ثمین kh asghar sharifi mohammad naghi imaniOrganizational silence can be an obstacle for ideas and individuals in an organization to be expressed, so the identification of the factors influencing it and an attempt to eliminate them can facilitate the expression of ideas, opinions, and employees’ points of MoreOrganizational silence can be an obstacle for ideas and individuals in an organization to be expressed, so the identification of the factors influencing it and an attempt to eliminate them can facilitate the expression of ideas, opinions, and employees’ points of view. The purpose of this research is to explain the role of normative variables in organizational silence. This research is a qualitative research that was conducted using a grounded theory approach. The statistical population included 10 experts and specialists in the management of municipalities who were selected by using a purposive sampling approach as contributors in the research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with general guidance. In order to gain validity and liability, two methods of the participants and non-participating experts’ revision in the research were used. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The core category of this study is the organizational silence which is analyzed and based on the causal conditions. The underlying conditions of the strategies is formulated and the final model is presented based on it. The results of this research have shown the role of normative variables in organizational silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Indetification Dimensions Model of Organizational Culture Dynamics And Its Survey Relationship With Organizational inertia of in the Social Security Organization of Iran.
Mosadegh Lofi zangeneh drvish Ghanbar Amair Nejad Foad MakvandiIhe purpose of this study is t indetification dimensions model of organizational culture dynamics and its survey relationship with Organizational inertia of in the Social Security Organization of Iran. The present research is methodologically a combined research with tw MoreIhe purpose of this study is t indetification dimensions model of organizational culture dynamics and its survey relationship with Organizational inertia of in the Social Security Organization of Iran. The present research is methodologically a combined research with two approaches of qualitative and quantitative research. In terms of purpose, this research is considered as a development research and the research approach of this study is inductive-deductive in terms of data collection logic. The statistical population is 25 experts in the qualitative section and 379 in the quantitative section of managers and employees of the Social Security Organization. The sample size is 379 using the Cochran's formula. The sampling method is purposive in the qualitative part and cluster random sampling is used in the quantitative part. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is through the research literature and in the second part is a questionnaire. The results of the research after three Delphi rounds and correlation in Kendall coefficient, confirmed 14 dimensions, 42 components and 98 indicators) to design a dynamic model of organizational culture. were confirmed using the first and second order factor analysis test. confirmatory factor analysis test, which the results showed that the standard factor load for all dimensions and components was more than 0.40 and in a significant case more than 1.96.also in the section quantitative with using analysis going test specified dimension organizational culture dynamism had affection significative reverse organizational inertia .Keywords: Dynamic Model of Organizational Culture, organizational inertia , Social Security Organization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Designing a comprehensive model of managers' strategic intelligence (case study: Islamic Azad University of Tehran)
طاهره جلایی قایینی Soghra Afkaneh فتاح ناظمAbstractIntroduction and purpose: Organizations need a strategic intelligence strategy for a measured and appropriate response to environmental changes. The present article has been implemented with the aim of presenting the structural model of strategic intelligence of MoreAbstractIntroduction and purpose: Organizations need a strategic intelligence strategy for a measured and appropriate response to environmental changes. The present article has been implemented with the aim of presenting the structural model of strategic intelligence of managers of Islamic Azad University of Tehran.Method: The research method was mixed in that the qualitative part was based on foundational data theory and the quantitative part was based on the structural equation model. To collect data in the qualitative part with semi-structured interview method, the opinions of 12 managers and experts of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran were used, and in the quantitative part, the opinions of 210 deputy managers and heads of departments of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran were used.Findings: Using the open coding technique, 111 primary concepts, 23 sub-categories, and in the central coding stage, were classified around 6 main categories, and in the quantitative part, Smart PLS software was used to confirm the structural model.Conclusion: The findings indicate the appropriate fit of the strategic intelligence model of managers in the Islamic Azad University of Tehran. In this sense, suggestions such as reforming the structure of education and research in the university in order to institutionalize the components of the strategic intelligence model have been presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship to Predict Quantum Properties of Monocarboxylic Acids By using Topological Indices
fatemeh shafiei -
Open Access Article
78 - Theoretical investigation of the implicit effects water molecules and resonance interactions on structural stability and NMR tensors of hallucinogenic harmine by density functional calculations
neda ahmadinejad arezoo tahan Mostafa Talebi Tari1 -
Open Access Article
79 - Theoretical study of the solvent effects on the thermodynamic functions of Alanine and Valine Amino Acids
farideh Keshavarz Rezaei -
Open Access Article
80 - Theoretical Thermodynamic Study of Arginine and Lysine Amino Acids at different Solvents
farideh Keshavarz Rezaei -
Open Access Article
81 - Density Functional Theory Calculations of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes with Metformin as Vehicles for Drug Delivery
Morteza Keshavarz -
Open Access Article
82 - Computational Design and Synthesis of Molecular Imprinted Polymers for solid-phase Extraction of Acyclovir
gholamali haghdoost -
Open Access Article
83 - Kinetic study on the electrodecolorization of C.I. Acid Yellow 23
N. Modirshahla M.A. Behnajady S. Kooshaiian -
Open Access Article
84 - The study of mobile based social networks on development of social participation
Hannaneh Zeinali Mohammad Soltanifar Afsaneh MozaffariThe researcher in this study aims to find the various dimensions of effects of mobile based social networks on development of social participation. In current societies all civil institutions have omitted the spatial and temporal limitations of their members through usi MoreThe researcher in this study aims to find the various dimensions of effects of mobile based social networks on development of social participation. In current societies all civil institutions have omitted the spatial and temporal limitations of their members through using the mobile based social networks and the members can participate in their favorite activities in any time and any place. On one hand the Cooperative organizations provides the preparation of people to connect to the society more by achieving their attention to cooperate and increases the individual participation in social affairs and on other hand leads people to engage in active and voluntarily participation through development of social networks and strengthening social solidarity. The research method is survey and the data has been achieved through questionnaire. The formal validity has been applied and the reliability has been attained through Cronbach Alpha. The statistical population includes experts in Communication Studies and journalists. Sampling method is purposeful sampling and the sample is equal to 60 people. The result of study shows that: the highest factor is dedicated to self-publishing. The second highest factor is overall finally, the possibility of quick feedback is the third important factor in determination of the mobile based social network rolls on development of social participation. It has to be said that the low expenses of participation have the least effect on developing the political participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Stream of public relations news in the community
afshin mohammadi افسانه مظفری رها خرازی محمدوندی آذرAbstract : Nowadays, the importance of the media, including public relations, as an organizational media in shaping and guiding public opinion and the Streaming political, social, economic events etc. is not overlooked by anyone. Perhaps, until recently, the most pivota MoreAbstract : Nowadays, the importance of the media, including public relations, as an organizational media in shaping and guiding public opinion and the Streaming political, social, economic events etc. is not overlooked by anyone. Perhaps, until recently, the most pivotal role for public relations was simply to inform the actual events. But public relations can now become a "media organization" of society guidance and streamlining by creating conditions for a passive administrative apparatus. The purpose of this research is to investigate the streamlining of public relations events in society with the variables such as the transformation of public relations into a media organization, changes in technological developments, the use of experts and the use of journalistic formats. This research has been done in a survey method by using questionnaire. The statistical population is the public relations experts of ministries and organizations based in Tehran, that their number is 600 and the sample size is 200 people. The results show that with the technological changes, the development of public relations with the media organizations and the use of journalistic formats, public relations can play a more active role in streamlining news in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Comparative Study of Indicators of Tourism Industry In the tenth and eleventh administrations
saeed keshani tahmures shiri زهرا حضرتی صومعهIran, a country with diverse cultural, historical, natural, ethnic and artistic tourism potentials can undoubtedly be one of development styles. But despite the good-natured words of the administrations in this regard, the industry has not yet developed its real status MoreIran, a country with diverse cultural, historical, natural, ethnic and artistic tourism potentials can undoubtedly be one of development styles. But despite the good-natured words of the administrations in this regard, the industry has not yet developed its real status as a growth factor. In this study, which aims at a comparative study of the indicators of tourism industry in the tenth and eleventh administrations, by analyzing the qualitative content of interviews with ten experts in the field of tourism at the levels of management, implementation and training, we have drawn the conclusion that the control and supervisory framework of tourism, commercial environment and tourism infrastructure, human, cultural and natural resources provide the thriving tourism industry. The analysis of the interviews reveals that the lack of a comprehensive strategic document in the country and the consecutive changes in the managers of the tourism industry and the lack of prioritization of this industry in all administrations indicate that the changes in the industry are not so significant that provide remarkable differences. Therefore, the indicators of the tourism industry in the tenth and eleventh administrations are not significantly different. It is recommended that the comprehensive strategic document of the industry be formulated and adopted by assistance of experts in this field to be considered apart from any political approach in the structure of governments. With this trend, identified indicators in this study will be realized. Keywords: tourism, development, economic boom, government Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Extramarital Relations as a Need for Attention (Case Study of Rafsanjan Women)
reza akbari Afsaneh tvassoli bahram ghadimiEstablishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from inter MoreEstablishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from interacting with them. Different human needs make him or her exposed to different communications. The need to communicate with the opposite sex sometimes causes relationships that are outside our country's Islamic culture and custom. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and contexts of extramarital relationships among women in Rafsanjan. The research method is the foundation data theory which data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 women. The method of selecting participants was targeted and quantified by reaching the saturation stage. Out of 1127 raw data, 875 concepts, 125 sub-categories and 54 main categories were extracted from the preliminary data. Finally, the central concept of attention was chosen as the main phenomenon that covered the rest of the categories. Attention-seeking requires the attention and affection of the other party. This attention is more focused on the emotional aspects and emotional needs of the participants. The results of this study showed that the most important factor in women's tendency to extramarital affairs is "attention seeking". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Presenting a model of social innovation with an entrepreneurial development approach in the General Directorate of Roads and Urban Development of the northern provinces
Roohalla Samiee Alireza sazesh Parviz Saeedi Mahmod Reza mostaghimiThe present research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of correlational research type and exploratory mixed method has been used. In order to design a model of social innovation with an entrepreneurial development appr MoreThe present research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of correlational research type and exploratory mixed method has been used. In order to design a model of social innovation with an entrepreneurial development approach in the General Directorate of Roads and Urban Development of the northern provinces, fuzzy Delphi technique has been used in various stages of research. In the qualitative stage of the decision team consisting of experts (university professors and senior managers Roads and urban planning of the northern provinces) were 50 people who participated in this study as a decision team in identifying indicators and dimensions of variables, which were selected using non-random (targeted) method and snowball method. In a small stage To collect data, the statistical community consists of experts from the road and urban planning departments of the northern provinces, whose number is 1000. The Krejcie and Morgan table was used to determine the sample size of road and urban planning experts in the northern provinces. Therefore, the sample size was 278 and the sampling method was stratified random. According to the results of research and theoretical literature in the field. Social innovation was classified into seven general categories (social goals-social transformation-capacity-building-organizational management-social entrepreneurship-institutional transformation and public services). Index of structural factors, skill factors, environmental factors and behavioral factors have priority. Social entrepreneurship, capacity building, social transformation, organizational management, institutional transformation, social goals and public services have priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Designing a Productivity Measurement Model in Iranian Cultural Organizations (Case Study: Tehran Municipality Cultural and Artistic Organization)
Nazanin mohammadvand Ali Rashidpour mojtaba shahnoushiAbstractThe present study with a mixed exploratory approach (qualitative-quantitative) seeks to design a model for measuring productivity in Iranian cultural organizations that is adaptable in the cultural and artistic organization of Tehran Municipality. For this purpo MoreAbstractThe present study with a mixed exploratory approach (qualitative-quantitative) seeks to design a model for measuring productivity in Iranian cultural organizations that is adaptable in the cultural and artistic organization of Tehran Municipality. For this purpose, in this research, 5 main components and 58 sub-components were extracted from the literature and in 21 concepts categorized through the Delphi method and with the presence of academic elites and experts of cultural organizations, which finally 21 concepts as final dimensions. The model was identified that includes managerial ability, justice-oriented behavior, communication-managerial, managerial strategies, employee knowledge, job factors, welfare factors, organizational support, accountability, general working conditions, work effectiveness, social working conditions, IT environment development, Internal organizational relationships were physical environment, environmental improvement, human and financial capital, total productivity changes, performance appraisal. The results of this study showed that increasing productivity and growth of output to input ratio by reducing costs and increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the cultural and artistic organization has a direct positive effect. It should be noted that the use of these results can increase productivity in Iranian cultural organizations and provide a basis for saving government and public sector resources, and in addition, increase the efficiency and effectiveness of cultural activities. Give.Keywords: Productivity, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Delphi method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The comparison of State, Society and Development of Qajar Iran and Meiji Japan
saaid hajinaseri محمد حسن جباریAbstractThis article seeks to identify the causes of underdevelopment of Qajar Iran in compared to the development of Meiji Japan in the 19th century due to the position of state and society in the two countries. Japan and Iran in the 19th century had somewhat similar c MoreAbstractThis article seeks to identify the causes of underdevelopment of Qajar Iran in compared to the development of Meiji Japan in the 19th century due to the position of state and society in the two countries. Japan and Iran in the 19th century had somewhat similar conditions to feudalism in Japan and Tribal kings in Iran. Such a society, in the view of the bureaucratic elites of the two countries, undermined the possibility of Western development and progress to counter the imposition of political and trade contracts by Western states. The bureaucratic elites knew the cause of the superiority of the Western powers in the lack of a strong state, and sought to increase the power of the central state. The bureaucratic elites of Japan succeeded in this, but the bureaucratic elites in Iran did not succeed. What factors contributed to Japan's success in development and Iran's failure in development should be sought in the behavior of social forces, in other words, social organizations in relation to bureaucratic elites. A strong state in Japan was formed with the general consensus of social forces and facilitated development, but in Iran the network society continued and hindered development due to the resistance of social forces in establishing a strong state.The research method is historical-comparative. Using this method and theory of state and society, Jules Migdal will be compared the state, society and development of Qajar Iran and Meiji Japan in according to the texts and researches done by researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Study of the migration situation during the years after the revolution and the factors affecting its intensification
Amir Hossein Akhbari Fard رضا شیرزادی فخرالدین سلطانیThe Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the countries that has continuously faced the problem of migration. Although the issue of immigration has plagued the country since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, it has gained new and more serious dimensions in recent ye MoreThe Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the countries that has continuously faced the problem of migration. Although the issue of immigration has plagued the country since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, it has gained new and more serious dimensions in recent years. The withdrawal of the United States from the JCPOA and the return of sanctions against Iran caused the fear of losing the peace of life in the economic sector and increased dissatisfaction and criticism of the government, which caused a new wave of migration from inside to outside. Based on this, the main issue in this thesis is to investigate the immigration situation during the years after the revolution and the factors affecting its aggravation. The findings of the research show that the unilateral withdrawal of the United States from the JCPOA and the increase in sanctions have caused an increase in migration to other places. In recent years, statistics indicate that Iran has entered a new wave of immigration, which has been intensified by sanctions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Providing sociological solutions to remove cultural, social and economic barriers to youth marriage in Ardabil province
محسن علایی بوسجینMarriage is a common and social phenomenon which is as old as human beings. The subject of marriage and family formation has been one of the controversial issues for religions, philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, educators, poets, writers and artists. Due its imp MoreMarriage is a common and social phenomenon which is as old as human beings. The subject of marriage and family formation has been one of the controversial issues for religions, philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, educators, poets, writers and artists. Due its importance, this study aimed to investigate the barriers to youth marriage and provide solutions for them. Since young people today face many obstacles to marriage, this study sought to identify and examine social, cultural and economic barriers they experience when they plan to get married. This research was a survey study and the data were collected by a questionnaire. The statistical population was young people who were likely to get married. The participants of the study were 384 people selected by simple random sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that social, cultural, and economic barriers have been influential in delaying the marriage age of the youth from the perspective of the respondents. The findings indicate that these barriers and their components lead to an increase in the marriage age. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The effectiveness of Transactional analysis approach on Family adaptability in women with marital conflicts Due to the Coronavirus outbreak crisis
hamidreza vatankhahThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interaction behavior analysis training on couples coping strategies and family adaptation in women with marital conflicts caused by the Corona virus outbreak crisis. The statistical population of the present stu MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interaction behavior analysis training on couples coping strategies and family adaptation in women with marital conflicts caused by the Corona virus outbreak crisis. The statistical population of the present study included all women who referred to Talieh Salamat Counseling Center in Tehran in April 1400 due to marital conflicts caused by the crisis of the outbreak of Corona virus. In this study, according to the inclusion criteria of the available method, 30 people were selected and then randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. And Family Cohesion Elson et al. FACES-III David H. Elson, Joyce Portner, and Joao Levy (1985) analyzed the data using univariate analysis of covariance. Findings showed that the effectiveness of interaction behavior analysis (TA) training was effective in increasing family adaptation at the level. The two periods of pre-test and post-test show a significant difference between the control and experimental groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The effectiveness imago therapy on failure of everyday in people involved in emotional divorce
mahsa haji agha bozorgi hamidreza vatankhah آدیس کراسکیان محمد رضا صیرفی مهرداد ثابتAbstractObjective: In this study, the effectiveness imago therapy on the difficulty of regulating emotion and failure of everyday on people involved in emotional divorce referred to the clinical mahia west of Tehran has been investigated. Method: The present study MoreAbstractObjective: In this study, the effectiveness imago therapy on the difficulty of regulating emotion and failure of everyday on people involved in emotional divorce referred to the clinical mahia west of Tehran has been investigated. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental study conducted in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population of all couples involved in emotional divorce referred to clinical mahia in the west of Tehran in 1400. Non-probability sampling method, and the sample were divided into 2 groups of 15, completely random, according to the results of the questionnaire. Data collection tools were demographic information sheet, Guttman Emotional Divorce Scale, Hotfield and Spritcher Passionate Love Scale. In order to analyze the hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance with repeated measures was used.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of failure of everyday in imago therapy with the mean of the control group at the level of p <0.01. The results were stable at the follow-up stage.Conclusion: According to the current results, imago therapy can be used to reduce the effect of failure of everyday in people involved in emotional divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Examining the "consequences" of implementing communication programs for the development of social partnerships in non-governmental organizations and charities
mohammad reza ghorbany Faezeh Taghipour Mansoure Pourmiri This article has been conducted in order to investigate the results and consequences of theimplementation of communication and media programs for the development of social partnerships in NGOs andcharities and by the qualitative content analysis method. The data o More This article has been conducted in order to investigate the results and consequences of theimplementation of communication and media programs for the development of social partnerships in NGOs andcharities and by the qualitative content analysis method. The data of this research was obtained through semistructured interviews with 22 experts and managers. active in non-governmental organizations and collected bytheoretical sampling. In this research, from the analysis of 839 conceptual codes resulting from theconversations, a total of 574 central categories were obtained, of which 80 conceptual codes were related to thepositive and negative results and consequences of the implementation of media and communication programs inNGOs and charities, in the form of 68 codes. Axial and 37 selective codes were presented. Based on the findingsof this research, the "positive consequences" of implementing communication programs in the development ofsocial partnerships in ngos and charities are: improving the status and empowerment of NGOs and charities,developing research and scientific foundations in ngos and increasing scientific achievements. , cultural andeconomic ngos and "negative consequences" of not implementing communication programs in the developmentof social partnerships in charities including things such as: weakness in effective monitoring of ngos activities,weakness in their "efficiency" and weakness in knowledge management and strategic management in ngos andcharities, in each case based on the findings of the research, the relevant analysis and interpretation ispresented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The Role of Cooperatives in Socio-Economic Development
masuod darabi aboalghasem heidarabadi he cooperative is one of the three most important economic sectors of the country. Co-operatives andco-operatives can contribute to the economic and social development of a society. This study aimed to study therole of cooperatives in economic and social developme More he cooperative is one of the three most important economic sectors of the country. Co-operatives andco-operatives can contribute to the economic and social development of a society. This study aimed to study therole of cooperatives in economic and social development in Qom province. The research method is survey andits tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is the members of manufacturing and servicecooperatives of Qom province which are 830044 persons in total. Through multi-stage cluster sampling, 400members of cooperatives were selected as sample. The findings of the study show that the mean of socialdevelopment variable is at an average downward level. The highest average was in terms of indices of civicactivities, physical health and generalized norms, respectively. The lowest mean is also for social cohesion andsocial awareness. Average economic development is 2.44 and is below average. And it's also lower than socialdevelopment. Multivariate regression results show that 40.5% of social development changes and 30.1% ofeconomic development are affected by cooperatives and cooperatives. The result is that cooperatives and theirpositive performance can provide the basis for social and economic development. Co-operatives can also play arole in creating an economic cloudel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Analysis of the spatial structure of urban settlements and rural with approach land use planning (Case Study section Salafchegan Qom)
mostafa tavakoli saed zanghaneh alireza darban astaneh amir talkhabspatial Planning organization is to plan for distribution optimal spatial infrastructure facilities and services in urban and rural settlements in the region and area. Planning spatial organization becomes reality in the form of spatial structure of the region and the a Morespatial Planning organization is to plan for distribution optimal spatial infrastructure facilities and services in urban and rural settlements in the region and area. Planning spatial organization becomes reality in the form of spatial structure of the region and the area. In this study have been carried out the analytical method, and with applied purpose to rely on library resources and data obtained from the Statistical Center of Iran and other relevant institutions, objective is analysis spatial structure Salafchegan District city of Qom.The results which have taken place based on geographic information system (GIS) in the interpolation facilities and services and TOPSIS at the leveling of settlements, show that in terms of the services and facilities according to the results of settlements five settlements Jndab Tayqan Rahjerd galea Cham and taj Khatun as the most developed settlements Salafchegan sector in terms of having been considered and the five settlements Tarlab Fathabad Nietzsche Gharehsou and Dolatabad as deprived settlements in this respect are known. According to the results at the end of the study is presented proposals to complete the study and provide ideas for better spatial planning in the future in this area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - User evaluation of urban green space in the process of sustainable development (Case study: Eslamshahr)
Nemat Hosseinzadeh Elham Amini Zeynab Yaghobpor Majid NaghaviDue to population growth and increasing pollution in the urban environment, it is increasingly vital role of green spaces.Green space as a natural filter to reduce environmental pollution and to ensure that the relative range of individual and social health of city resi MoreDue to population growth and increasing pollution in the urban environment, it is increasingly vital role of green spaces.Green space as a natural filter to reduce environmental pollution and to ensure that the relative range of individual and social health of city residents and the environment is relaxed. Due to the critical parameters, the quantity and quality of urban green space should be proportional to the physical size of the city (roads and buildings) and social needs (leisure and health needs) come, to live as green space, environmental efficiency is constant. So should develop urban green space to remain stable, according to local climatic characteristics of cognitive and local elections to be considered. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to study the evaluate the user state landscaping Eslamshahr of the model is strategic swot. On the basis of field studies and surveys of experts to collect and identify a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were addressed, and to deal with their strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats mutually Aggressive. The results show that at present, the per capita use of existing green space for the residents of this town is not up to standard Eslamshahr. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Simulation of a Suitable Pattern of vegetation Cover for Protection and Restoration of Tajan Watershed Using TOPSIS and AHP
فاطمه رجائی عباس اسماعیلی ساری عبوالرسول سلمان ماهینی مجید دلاور علی رضا مساح بوانی مصطفی قلی پورAbstract Change and destruction of the environment by human activities, has been increased that results can be pointed out to the landscape change. This paper aims to determine the best scenario to protect and restore land cover changes in the future with an emphasis on MoreAbstract Change and destruction of the environment by human activities, has been increased that results can be pointed out to the landscape change. This paper aims to determine the best scenario to protect and restore land cover changes in the future with an emphasis on the patches connection of natural vegetation. Predict the ecological impacts of management scenarios based on metrics values determine and then the best scenario-based TOPSIS method was selected. In addition, the implementation of the scenario of protection and restoration in the watershed Tajan will be reduce the number of patches from 7600 to 4657 patches in natural vegetation and will cause better connectivity that is a sign of decreasing degradation and fragmentation of the landscape in the study area. The approach used in this study the possibility of predicting the ecological results of land use for achieve the objectives of the assessment and better integrated management of the watershed changes provides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - .Investigation of flood potential Darakeh watershed using rainfall- runoff using SCS
عزت الله قنواتی فریبا ندافیونAbstract Locating flood event using traditional methods is very difficult and often leads to errors. SCS Soil Conservation Service America has developed a method for calculating runoff. According to the accuracy of SCS-CN method in this study the SCS-CN method is used. MoreAbstract Locating flood event using traditional methods is very difficult and often leads to errors. SCS Soil Conservation Service America has developed a method for calculating runoff. According to the accuracy of SCS-CN method in this study the SCS-CN method is used. The purpose of research is estimate of a flood risk using SCS-CN method. In this way, according to land use and soil hydrologic groups and area slope, curve number or CN are obtain. CN the averaging of watershed was shown 87 number. Using climatological stations, average of rainfall was 304 mm. The results show that in the southern part of the watershed due to the loss of vegetation, expansion of the city from the south, land use change and shape of the watershed to be taken, the probability of flooding is greater than the rest of the watershed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The classification and measurement of the degree of development of West Azerbaijan province using planning techniques
seyed ali hosseini mohammadamin faraji mohammad zaheiri seyede maryam hosseiniAbstract Regional Planning, aiming to reduce inequality and to make developments, is considered as one of the important subjects in the developing countries. Regional planning is necessary to determine the position of the other regions in terms of development. Including MoreAbstract Regional Planning, aiming to reduce inequality and to make developments, is considered as one of the important subjects in the developing countries. Regional planning is necessary to determine the position of the other regions in terms of development. Including common standards in regional planning, grading regions on the basis of different indicators of development. The purpose of this article defines the classification of West Azerbaijan province in terms of development and regional disparities in its analysis. Analytical methodology and data collection method is library and documentation. Studied indices include 44 indicators; including indicators of socio-cultural, educational, health, infrastructure, economy. To determine the level of development of West Azerbaijan province, models (topsis, SAW) and Arc Gis 9.3 software is used. The results showed that the cities of Urmia, demands, Oshnavieh, best and municipalities Piran, Chalderan and cash is worst situation has developed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Review of rules and standards for designing sports stadiums (Case study: Karaj city)
Anahita GhorbaniToday, in order to maintain health and physical and mental growth, giving importance to sports and physical spaces and sports places are among the most important uses in the city, which play a key role in improving the quality of life and increasing the desired living s MoreToday, in order to maintain health and physical and mental growth, giving importance to sports and physical spaces and sports places are among the most important uses in the city, which play a key role in improving the quality of life and increasing the desired living standards. Citizens are designing a stadium in line with this goal as an indoor space while instilling a sense of open and free environment for players and spectators. The stadium is actually a place, or rather a place to "watch an event"Therefore, the design of the stadium space will be closely related to the words "watching" and "happening". Designing stadiums strategically with the observance of design principles and criteria can not only have a direct and constructive effect on its hosts in terms of psychological dimension, but it also attracts more spectators, requires a very good source of income and ultimately as an added value. It is considered unique in sports affairs..According to the types of basic, theoretical, applied and scientific research, the present research is of the applied type. The research method in the present research is of the research-analytical method, which ultimately leads to design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Evaluation of the participation of local communities in the development of tourism in the 22nd district of Tehran Municipality
mohsen souri yousef ali ziyari naser eghbaliNeglecting local communities in the activities of the tourism industry is considered a fundamental gap in participatory planning in order to achieve sustainable development of tourism. The model of community-oriented tourism development tries to fill a part of this basi MoreNeglecting local communities in the activities of the tourism industry is considered a fundamental gap in participatory planning in order to achieve sustainable development of tourism. The model of community-oriented tourism development tries to fill a part of this basic gap. The current research, focusing on the community-oriented tourism development model, has sought to determine the participation status of the local residents of Sareen in the field of sustainable tourism, as well as introducing the participatory approach as a strategy for the sustainable development of tourism in the study area. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and two documentary and field methods have been used to explain and describe the topic. The purpose of this research was the relationship of social belonging and social participation with the development of sustainable tourism with the mediating role of perceived effects in the local community of Kashan. The participants were 120 people from the community of experts who used Scenario Wizad software in 8 scenarios between economic, social, institutional and environmental factors at the local level, all of which are scales of social belonging, social participation, perceived benefits and costs, and support. For the development of sustainable tourism, they have been examined for a better understanding. Finally, after the final analysis, a general summary of the presentation of the role of each factor has been determined.Keywords: participation, scenario wizard, region 22 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The position of Iranian-Islamic urban development in the realization of urban livability (Case study around the shrine of Hazrat Abdul Azim)
Alireza Jafari HamidReza Saremi Arash BaghdadiAbstractToday, large cities are facing a process of stagnation, decline and decline, which has led to the creation of inefficient and worn-out spaces in cities. Numerous and numerous models have been presented to deal with this urban problem and this study also theorize MoreAbstractToday, large cities are facing a process of stagnation, decline and decline, which has led to the creation of inefficient and worn-out spaces in cities. Numerous and numerous models have been presented to deal with this urban problem and this study also theorizes about the model of regeneration of Islamic-Iranian urban development based on justice-oriented indicators with the aim of achieving a suitable solution in this field. In order to identify the indicators and identities of the main idea, this research has used the "context theory" method and in order to analyze the data, the "content analysis" method has been used. The indicators are arranged in descending order by Mc Grahanan method of weight determination to determine which of the principles and indicators play a significant role in the purpose of the research. Then, the proposed framework in the research context has been studied and evaluated by the methods of documentary study, observation and interview.The results show that the mission of urban development is to re-evaluate the pure human life in such dysfunctional and problematic urban places, the effects of which are to increase citizens' satisfaction and sense of peace and excellence from living in cities. Is Iranian; Therefore, the implementation of the Iranian-Islamic urban planning model in the light of "justice-oriented urban planning" as a successful local and comprehensive model for urban management in Iran in the contemporary period, which is achieved by placing "justice" in urban plans and programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Studying the drivers affecting the future state of prosperity of Tehran metropolis
morteza mohammadkhani Zainab Krake Abadi abbas arghanAbstractToday, urban prosperity has become one of the important issues in the field of urban development. In this regard, this article has tried to identify and cluster the driving forces affecting the future state of the prosperity of the metropolis of Tehran using the MoreAbstractToday, urban prosperity has become one of the important issues in the field of urban development. In this regard, this article has tried to identify and cluster the driving forces affecting the future state of the prosperity of the metropolis of Tehran using the method of structural analysis. Theoretical data was prepared by document method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical population is 20 urban experts based on snowball sampling. 49 primary drivers have been processed in MICMAC software in 6 statistical categories and identified by structural interaction analysis method. The results of this research show that the general distribution pattern of the drivers studied, in terms of mutual effects analysis, indicates the state of an unstable environmental system in which the drivers of urban prosperity have a complex and intermediate state in terms of effectiveness and effectiveness. The focus of drivers is mostly in the cluster of independent factors. Poverty rate, Gini coefficient, employment rate, unemployment rate, accessibility to public open spaces, recreation per capita, space per capita, satisfaction with the quality of health care services, satisfaction with the security of the physical environment, the number of young unemployed, the employment rate in the informal sector, Cultural per capita, the amount of destruction and renovation of worn-out structures, waste generation per capita, civic participation were chosen as the most important driving forces for the future prosperity of Tehran metropolis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Strategies to improve the Tehran Urban management to the desired status (Tehran Municipality as a social and cultural institute)
شهناز هاشمی روح اله شکوهی بیدهندیIntroduction and Objective: Tehran, as it is a developing metropolis, is not an exception. With regards to the increase in population, new problems and issues are imposed upon the city and the citizens for which the only solution is social and cultural practices of urba MoreIntroduction and Objective: Tehran, as it is a developing metropolis, is not an exception. With regards to the increase in population, new problems and issues are imposed upon the city and the citizens for which the only solution is social and cultural practices of urban management and using citizens’ capacities for solving these problems. In recent years, having a perception for the necessity of these changes in urban management approaches, Tehran’s municipality has considered socio-cultural issues more seriously. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the current situation of the municipality of Tehran, determine the desired status of the municipality of Tehran as a social institute and finally provide managerial strategies to enhance the status of the municipality to a social institute. Methods:The applied method in this study is a qualitative and a semi-Delphi method and the information gathering was done through both library and archival research and interview. Documents and research results in this field and interviews with managers and experts in the field of social and cultural studies are used in order to understand the current situation of the municipality of Tehran, draw the best situation of the municipality as a social institute and have a clear understanding about the strategies for the enhancement. Also to prioritize the strategies in terms of importance, a questionnaire of the strategies was prepared through which the managers and experts in this field were asked about their opinion. Results: The findings of this study show that macro strategies including “increase in citizens trust, promotion of citizen participation, improvement in the quality of urban life, decentralization of activities, development of urban integrated management, informing and educating citizens, improvement of human resources and promotion of interactions with institutions, civil societies, universities and research centers, creation and improvement of an electronic city, improvement in financial situation, privatization and outsourcing activities” should be considered. Among the mentioned activities, increase in citizens trust, promotion of citizen participation and decentralization of activities are the most significant. Conclusions: According to the findings of this research, the urban management of Tehran should take the following into consideration in order to convert into a socio-cultural institute;increase in citizens trust, promotion of citizen participation, decentralization of activities, development of urban integrated management, informing and educating citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The role of Detailed plan in the planning and organization of Zanjan city land use
Mir Saeed Moosavi Seyed Mohammad Hossein JafariIntroduction and Aim: In urban planning, Land use optimization for organizing and creating the right environment with different functions for optimal access of citizens to be well used. The objective of most development projects and urban. The is target, Examines the La MoreIntroduction and Aim: In urban planning, Land use optimization for organizing and creating the right environment with different functions for optimal access of citizens to be well used. The objective of most development projects and urban. The is target, Examines the Land use state of City Zanjan and Detailed plan role in the planning and organization of land use. Method: The is Research method This Paper descriptive-analytical. The Library and field data collection method was performed. The Probit regression and compatibility matrix, utility, capacity and dependence for data analysis was used. Findings:According to the functionalism approach, the detailed plan of Zanjan, amount of land use compliance with standard capita, lower than normal. And the performance of plan was weak. Conclusions: The probit regression test results, use per capita in the city on the basis 0.05 P> is 0.073 times normal, the user after a detailed plan is not in the standard range. Also, the matrix compatibility, user privacy with 1.99, Transport 2.60 and religious 2.92 are most compatible with other urban land. In Matrixes utility, office User, religious and gardens is with rank of the fully compatible to relatively compatible and fit the needs the city is projected. for improve the situation land use of Zanjan, Proportional distribution of land use, determine the radius of performance for land use and assignment services expert advisors and commitment is essential to the plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Modeling of the Relation between Capability Approach and Community Based Approach Disaster Management
Armin Firoozpour Masoud daraei Ali Asghar SadabadiIntroduction and results: Frequent fluctuations of disaster management process in Iran and efforts in order to achieve an influential disaster management system and its successful conduct is still one of the existing challenges in this field. The presentation of the mod MoreIntroduction and results: Frequent fluctuations of disaster management process in Iran and efforts in order to achieve an influential disaster management system and its successful conduct is still one of the existing challenges in this field. The presentation of the modern approach of development entitled “the Capability Approach” by Amarty a Sen, the one and only Asian scientist who won the Noble prize for economics, on one hand and the acceptance of “the Community- Based approach” on the other hand, is considered as one of the newest theories of disaster management among the experts, which by exploiting the collaborative approaches and concentrating on stemming of vulnerability has placed emphasis on the achievement of stable development as its final goal. On the other hand, it caused efforts to be made in this article so while presenting a conceptual model, explain the mutual relation between these two approaches. Method: This project was shaped in the shadow of the hermeneutic approach, in which the researchers were seeking to present a phenomenological explanation in order to create a correct understanding of the two approaches of capability and community- based. For this purpose and to make a bond among abstract propositions in the process of this project and under the influence of rational epistemology, the analytical- logical method was applied and the final model of the project was rooted and extracted via applying research method. Findings: state the existence of a synergetic and interactive relation between these two approaches Conclusion: The results of the research state the existence of a synergetic and interactive relation between these two approaches. In reality, it can be stated that the community- based approach, is an effective tool and phenomenon for the expansion of the capability approach in the process of economic development. Mutually, the theoretic and philosophical depth of the capability approach can bring forth the optimum management and design of the community- based approach of disaster management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Investigating the Relation between knowledge management practices and the psychological empowerment of human resources in municipality of Tehran
Mohammad Javad Esfandiari HamidReza AdabiIntroduction and purpose of the research: Psychological empowerment is one of the most important issues in the development of human resources and it's influenced by numerous factors of which can be point in knowledge management. The present research investigates the Rel MoreIntroduction and purpose of the research: Psychological empowerment is one of the most important issues in the development of human resources and it's influenced by numerous factors of which can be point in knowledge management. The present research investigates the Relation between of knowledge management and the psychological empowerment of human resources in municipality of Tehran. Research type: Research type is applied and on the other hand descriptive- Correlation. Results: Between KM's Components, Creation Knowledge, capture knowledge and Dissemination Knowledgehave the most impressible effect (0.95) on psychological empowerment. Conclusion: The results of research showed that knowledge management has significant effect on psychological empowerment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The relationship between daily travel pattern and the pattern of annual trips in Tehran
Bibi Zahra Mousavi Beuki Seyed Jalal MousaviWith the expansion of urban and rural population, increase in development of roads and transport networks and the promotion of culture, demand for transport and travel increase day by day .Due to economic, social and cultural differences between people transported daily MoreWith the expansion of urban and rural population, increase in development of roads and transport networks and the promotion of culture, demand for transport and travel increase day by day .Due to economic, social and cultural differences between people transported daily, it can be expected that the pattern of movement of people (trips) differ from each other. The aim of this study is to investigate the pattern of daily and annual trips within the city and compare these two in order to find solutions for urban area transportation problems. The main hypothesis of this study is as follows: “The pattern of daily civilian trips corresponds to the pattern of annual Iranian travels”. The research done in this study is questionnaire-based survey done on 384 samples (which were stratified cluster samples). Using defined variables, daily trips and travel patterns were obtained. SPSS20 (Chi-Square Test) software was used to analyze research data and statistical methods. These patterns have shown more efficient ways for planning and marketing, which will be useful in tourism development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Effective Urban Land Management With Systemic Approach to Transfer Of Development Rights (TDR) Based on Globally Enrichments
Najmeh Mozaffaree Pour Samaneh SoltaniBackground and Objective study: Without a comprehensive and holistic approach to defining urban land development and expansion of the city's growth is impossible. It is impossible without the knowledge of the dimensions of urban land. Systematic approach not only helps MoreBackground and Objective study: Without a comprehensive and holistic approach to defining urban land development and expansion of the city's growth is impossible. It is impossible without the knowledge of the dimensions of urban land. Systematic approach not only helps in the analysis of urban land urban land issues, there is a clear and transparent view, but its relationship with other components as well to be determined. The purpose of this study is that in relied on a system approach; the efficiency of transfer development rights (TDR) in the management of urban land is approved. method: Dominant approach to the study "Application" from the analysis of secondary data (documents) with emphasis on system approach has been used. In the research process by providing a framework system approach, the set of data flows generated data and intra- urban land management system that includes land as an input, target, system components, including land use, urban land management, land development, land ownership and land markets, relationships, environments and resources during production and outbound transfer of development rights is explained. Results: The results of the study showed that the evaluation of the success of this method depends on local governments to stand strong supervision and direction landowners welcomed the program and protect the public interest, it is necessary transactions between buyers and sellers in the land market with sweeping control of a public institution be companied. conclusion: the recommendations to successfully and efficiency used in transfer of development rights method are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Participation assessment of citizens in environmental and services urban areas Baghmalek
Saeed Maleki Rasol SarvestanDue to the increase of urban population in the past few decades, if we want to develop cities meet the needs of today and of future generations of the city and the urban environment, we must plan for managing the cities based on informed participation of citizens. One o MoreDue to the increase of urban population in the past few decades, if we want to develop cities meet the needs of today and of future generations of the city and the urban environment, we must plan for managing the cities based on informed participation of citizens. One of these areas, citizen participation in urban management system. The aim of this research analysis on the role of citizen participation in municipal services and improving the urban environment, the city is Baghmalek. The present study in terms of nature, development - application and the method of study, cross - sectional survey data collection method. And in the field of library and used. In a field survey of 325 residents of the city Baghmalek in 2016 in the areas of citizen participation with the use of questionnaires, utilities, samples, sampling proportional to size (using the Cochran) were selected and studied. To analyze the data using software Spss and Excel takes place. To test the hypothesis and find research tests Kendall (reflection and Tai Si), December, Spearman, chi-square, Eta coefficient is used. The results show Dhd.kh between citizens and their awareness in city affairs, citizen participation, sex and education between citizens, between citizens and municipal services is a significant relationship between age and only Azarh citizen participation in municipal affairs of significant relationship has been established. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Participative Citizen and its role in urban management(A Case Study of Ilam)
Mehdi yaghobi Mer najaf Mousavi Faramarz Ghorbani Marzeh hatamiIf we want shared in development of today's cities and regard the share future generations of the resources we have wisely managed cities based on participatory urban planning and informed participation of citizens in the definition and planning. Participation of citize MoreIf we want shared in development of today's cities and regard the share future generations of the resources we have wisely managed cities based on participatory urban planning and informed participation of citizens in the definition and planning. Participation of citizens in decision-making and close them as soon as possible with authorities and experts, and access to In accordance with the wishes and needs and characteristics of social and economic living conditions through participatory in citizen process is possible. Now days, the participation of citizens in Iran, in an decieve and is the maximum nformed and consulted (Khademolhosseini, 1391, 1) the overall aim of this article participatory role of citizens in urban management in the city of Ilam is On the basis of documents and field data collection questionnaire and applied research-development. For data analysis software is used spss Statistical methods used in this research were Kendal, multivariate regression. According to the results of the study, the participation of citizens in limite is low to moderate Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Examine The impact of the implementation of the model Fast Response Organization (FRO) On the Quality of civil municipal services in Municipality of Tehran(Case study: Municipality region 14 of Tehran)
Sayed Hamed Moeini TabaTabaei HamidReza AdabiIntroduction and Aim: Today organizations take different forms issues such as the rapid and unpredictable changes, special orders, waiting for a very high level of service and face, to survive and maintain their positions. One of the newest forms of organization, rapid MoreIntroduction and Aim: Today organizations take different forms issues such as the rapid and unpredictable changes, special orders, waiting for a very high level of service and face, to survive and maintain their positions. One of the newest forms of organization, rapid response was to form organizations. The aim of this study was to Examine The impact of the implementation of the model Fast Response Organization (FRO) On the Quality of civil services in the municipality of Tehran, district 14. Research Method: Methods descriptive survey of correlation. The population of the study was، All citizens who constitute the municipality of Tehran, district 14. Using a sample of 384 randomly chosen citizens strata. The study of two fast response questionnaire with Likert scale was used and the quality of services. Validity was confirmed by the elites and experts and their reliability using Cronbach's alpha was confirmed. To test the hypothesis Kmvlmvgrvf- Smirnov test, Pearson correlation , regression , structural equation modeling (lisrel), analysis of variance and Friedman Test was used. Findings: Based on data analysis, reliability in service with the highest efficiency and the lowest operating Price impact of the extension. Conclusion: The results showed that the implementation of the FRO and it's component (time, innovation, reliability, flexibility, price) have significant effect on the quality of services in the municipality of Tehran, district 14. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Risk Management Futures Research in Cities with Emphasis on Earthquake Risk Vulnerability
hassan noruzi bakhtiar ezatpanah reza valizadehIntroduction & Objective: The strategic importance of the city of Tabriz on the one hand and its high seismicity on the other hand, is the reason for paying attention to this research. The view that has existed so far in accident management and urban management has MoreIntroduction & Objective: The strategic importance of the city of Tabriz on the one hand and its high seismicity on the other hand, is the reason for paying attention to this research. The view that has existed so far in accident management and urban management has been more of a confrontational view and risk reduction. The purpose of this study is to assess the vulnerability of Tabriz metropolitan zone 8 in earthquake threat. Method: First, the most important studies conducted on futures studies and urban planning and design with regard to natural disasters and special studies in Tabriz were reviewed. Then the components and dimensions of urban vulnerability are prepared and then using the view of experts with Delphi method and also comparative studies, dimensions and final components are prepared and by analyzing questionnaires and conducting necessary studies and calculations the vulnerability of Tabriz metropolis in dimensions And various components were evaluated. Finally, while evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities, the future strategies of Tabriz metropolitan area 8 were presented by swot method. Findings: Considering that the results of research suggest the exploitation and promotion of strengths and the optimal and maximum use of opportunities, so with this strategy, the current situation of the study area is acceptable, but we should not ignore the weaknesses and threats and Crisis and time management limited the occurrence of earthquakes. Rather, it expresses the need for optimal and optimal long-term research and planning. Conclusion: This study focuses on attracting and making optimal use of dynamic economy and appropriate employment, as well as investors in the field of tourism in the historical context, as well as benefiting from traditional religious, cultural and ideological identity in attracting stakeholders in the region to strengthen health and residential infrastructure. - Emphasizes welfare, resilience, education and culture in order to reduce vulnerability and improve the resilience of the region during an earthquake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Strategic Planning of Urban Branding in Tourism Industry
ROMINA RABANI Seyyed Mehdi Jalali Hassan MehrmaneshIntroduction and Purpose: The creation of spaces, the giving of particular personality to cities, drawing a mental perspective for people and reputation of cities have particular importance; most cities and places seek to be unique and lasting in the minds of audi MoreIntroduction and Purpose: The creation of spaces, the giving of particular personality to cities, drawing a mental perspective for people and reputation of cities have particular importance; most cities and places seek to be unique and lasting in the minds of audience who are trying to Define and consolidate their urban brand. The purpose of this study is strategic planning of urban branding in tourism industry. Research method: The methodology of this study from purpose type is practical and type in terms of method and nature is descriptive-survey. with using cluster sampling method, structural equations modeling by Imus software was fitted model and analyzed. First, doing description and preparation of necessary data to test the hypotheses, then analyze the relationships between the variables, and finally doing compare the observed results with the results that hypotheses expected. Findings: Research findings show fulfill Stakeholder’s expectations, Financial limitations and Lack of understanding`s managers, explaining the urban branding strategy and its process are considered as effective causal factor on strategic planning of urban branding in the tourism industry. Conclusion: The creation, improvement and development of urban brand programs with using the urban branding strategic planning model will enhance the city's position, economic, social development of the city and attract tourists. Keywords: Urban Brand, Urban Branding, Urban Branding Strategy, Tourism Industry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Optimal Positioning sports centers using GIS (Case Study: Miyandoaab)
Faramarz Ghorbani Mehdi Gaghobi Yaghoub Moradi Somaeh GhorbaniOne of the main problems occur in cities, lack of proper sports centers and the location was not optimal location, That works like social injustice in the city, access to inappropriate and improper user of each other's influence has been followed. Failure to comply with MoreOne of the main problems occur in cities, lack of proper sports centers and the location was not optimal location, That works like social injustice in the city, access to inappropriate and improper user of each other's influence has been followed. Failure to comply with the principles of urbanism or the inability to implement the principles, consultants non-utilization of powerful tools for the analysis of environmental and social issues, economic and legal factors in this field is important. The purpose of this paper is to locate optimal fitness centers using a geographic information system. A case has been done on the surface Miyandoaab. Methods applied research and descriptive - analytical. The study is Miyandoaab all sports centers ,Who recognize the necessity of locating the correct and principled decision-making centers in GIS and using fuzzy logic to determine the optimum A.H.P and sports centers have been. The findings suggest that sports spaces in urban correct principles, not location And regarding the proximity of incompatible citizens is faced with serious limitations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Investigation the Impacts of Urban Neighborhoods Ecological Index on Increasing the Sustainability of the Cities(Case study: three different urban districts of Mashhad- Iran)
Fatima Zardi Behdad Alizadeh Negar HosseynianIntroduction & Objective: Nowadays, becouse of to environmental issuses and ecological cities barries, it is necessary to pay attention to the sustanability factors. According to our role as a urban residents and researchers the main objective of this re MoreIntroduction & Objective: Nowadays, becouse of to environmental issuses and ecological cities barries, it is necessary to pay attention to the sustanability factors. According to our role as a urban residents and researchers the main objective of this research is introducing the ecological indexes for urban cities Method: At the first, the ecological indexes of the three different district and neighbourhoods area in the city of Mashhad- Iran were identified. By studied the archives, using the library studies and designed a questionnaire for residents and experts person as well, the reliable data were provided. By analysing the data and Follow that designed a SWOT table to investigate the current status and provided a series of strategies to improving the ecological indexes of the neighbourhoods. By using the QSPM model the ecological indexes of three different neighbourhood were compared. Results: The results indicated that attractive strategies for the residents in all three neighbourhoods are moving towards creating green infrastructure such as local green spaces, green transportation, strengthening the role of local markets and centres and reducing environmental pollution at neighbourhood level. Conclusion: It is possible to live in sustainable cities with pay attention to the ecological indexes of district and neighbourhoods of the cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Fuzzy Multi-Objective Model of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network in the Automotive Industry with an Urban Management Approach
saeed aminpour alireza irajpour mahdi yazdaniIntroduction & Objective: The purpose of this study is to design a multi-objective model of fuzzy closed-loop supply chain network in the automotive industry with an urban management approach. Automobile manufacturing is a complex and energetic process that consumes MoreIntroduction & Objective: The purpose of this study is to design a multi-objective model of fuzzy closed-loop supply chain network in the automotive industry with an urban management approach. Automobile manufacturing is a complex and energetic process that consumes significant amounts of raw materials and water. To continue the competition, major automotive equipment manufacturers must strive for better product quality by continuously improving their production process and directing low-carbon emissions and increasing sustainability. In this regard, reverse supply chain networks and closed loop chains have special features that are very useful in the industry under study. Method: In the present study, in order to achieve the research objectives, a quantitative research method will be used and based on the purpose, it is defined in a practical way. In this study, we use the MOPSO method to facilitate its implementation and its ability to provide good convergence, as well as to maintain a proper balance between exploitation and exploration, as well as the NSGA II genetic algorithm. Results: In the study of the findings of the proposed algorithms, it found that the average error resulting from these algorithms is less than 0.04. The results also show that the proposed algorithms have the necessary efficiency in solving these problems. Conclusion: The notable results of our model are as follows: (1) an efficient closed-loop network that demonstrates the economic benefits of considering the value of time over the recycling of a worn product. (2) It has the ability to show the capacity to achieve maximum benefits in terms of cost value as well as the environmental perspective of what capacity it should maintain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Survey, analysis and ranking the Development levels of erode texture districts of Urmia city
Alireza Soleimani Ahmad Aftab Ahmad sheykhahmadiIntroduction and Objective: Urban erode textures is the phenomena at most cities have faced. One of the practical and certain ways of urban planners for optimal spatial organization in urban erode textures is certain the capabilities and potentials in these erode MoreIntroduction and Objective: Urban erode textures is the phenomena at most cities have faced. One of the practical and certain ways of urban planners for optimal spatial organization in urban erode textures is certain the capabilities and potentials in these erode textures, in order to make optimal use of them as well as recognizing the shortcomings of the existing for to avoid them and to planning for the reduction of undesirable, that causing by this erode textures enters the urban spaces. In this regard, main purpose of this article is to calculate and evaluate of the development erode texture districts in urmia with emphasizing on physical, economic and social indicators. Method: Used Analytical-descriptive research method in this study was applied, the study statistical population was the erode texture districts (ten districts of the central texture) of Urmia city, and 368 person were selected as the sample size and the use of Cochran model. Physical, economic and social indicators were collected through field observations and questionnaires, And SPSS and GIS soft wares were used for data processing. Findings: The findings show that In physical parameters, Rahnemayi district with 0.9 priority index in first place and 7Ololar district with 0.33 priority index in last place; in economic indicator, 7Ololar district with 0.6 priority index in first place and Motateh district with 0.2 priority index in last place; in social indicators, 7Ololar district with 0.8 priority index in first place and Motateh district with 0.1 priority index in last place. The results of consolidated indices show that Doshabchikhaneh with 0.81 priority index and motateh district with 0.11 priority index were placed in the first and last rank respectively. Conclusion: The analysis was done using the SPSS software, erode texture districts of Urmia city Were ranked at three levels: high, mid-poor and deprive. Results show that Motateh district Was placed at the lowest level and The first priority is allocated for development. The second level includes the Mehi alghadam and Dadgostari districts and includes the second level of development at districts. The first level, includes Doshbchikhneh, 7Ololar, Shorshora, Rahnemayi, Komurchokhneh and Eram districts That involves the last priority of development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Analyzing Spatial Justice of Counties in Ardabil Province Based on VIKOR Model in Terms of Sanitary-Therapeutic Indices
Hasan Esmaeilzadeh Leila MasoumiIntroduction & Research Objectives: Today’s world depends, more than any other period, on diverse services in line with spatial justice. The reasons for such a dependency lie in increasing urbanization, physical development of cities and the complexity of thei MoreIntroduction & Research Objectives: Today’s world depends, more than any other period, on diverse services in line with spatial justice. The reasons for such a dependency lie in increasing urbanization, physical development of cities and the complexity of their space-frame structures, deepening and expansion of the socio-economic division of labor and, finally, spread of infections and diseases related to mentioned factors. Sanitary-therapeutic services is of paramount importance to improve public health and the quality of life. Analyzing spatial justice in the counties of Ardabil Province in terms of sanitary-therapeutic services seems to be the most significant purpose of the current research. Method: The methodology used in this paper is descriptive-analytical. Library-based method has been utilized for collecting data. For data analysis, firstly a conventional descaling method was applied for normalizing and homogenizing the data. Then, indices weighting was conducted by using Shannon Entropy Coefficient. Lastly, rating the counties of the Province was done based on VIKOR model. Conclusion: Considering the results and ratings of different counties in Ardabil Province in each index, one can argue that the indices of sanitary-therapeutic services analyzed in this research did not show a just and appropriate distribution among different counties. Put differently, in the counties of Ardabil Province, there are irregularities of distribution of sanitary-therapeutic services centers. The results drawn from the calculations of VIKOR model showed that Ardabil and Parsabad were relatively wealthy counties while Kosar, Nir and Sareyn were known to be deprived ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Examining the Incentive and Deterrent Factors of Agricultural Agents’ Skill Development
mansour tayouri Seyed Jamal Farajollah Hossein mohammad sadegh sabouriAbstract: The purpose of the present study is to recognize and explain the incentive and deterrent factors of agricultural agents’ skill development in Iran, using grounded theory. In this study, in order to gather data, a detailed interview was conducted on 18 t MoreAbstract: The purpose of the present study is to recognize and explain the incentive and deterrent factors of agricultural agents’ skill development in Iran, using grounded theory. In this study, in order to gather data, a detailed interview was conducted on 18 top agricultural agents. The main criterion to determine the sample size was to achieve theoretical saturation point. All the persons of the studied sample size were selected through a purposeful approach and snowball sampling method. Coding and analyzing the data were executed during three stages and finally, incentive and deterrent factors of agricultural agents’ skill development were determined. According to the results of this research, incentive factors of skill development, including procedural and structural design, precise determination of duties, authorities and the scope of performances, providing grounds, updating the program, bridging the gaps, evaluating the institutionalization and integrity of the program, and institution building and procedural and structural reconsideration, are procedural and deterrent factors of skill development, including policy, partnership, educational, human resources, support, infrastructure, environmental-organizational, psychological and supervisory factors. Keywords: incentive factor, deterrent factor, skill development, agents Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The Impact of Agricultural Development on Different Dimensions of Food Security in Developing Countries
Leyla Heydari Amir Mohammadinejad Seyed Yaghob Zeraatkish Reza MoghaddsiAbstract Food security is one of the main conditions for the realization of national security and one of important functions of agricultural development. Therefore, the aim of this study is the study of the impact of agricultural development and other macroeconomic vari MoreAbstract Food security is one of the main conditions for the realization of national security and one of important functions of agricultural development. Therefore, the aim of this study is the study of the impact of agricultural development and other macroeconomic variables on food security and its sub-indicators (access to food, economic ability to buy food, and food health) in 64 developing countries. For this purpose, the panel data methods, and the data of developing countries in the period 1996-2016 are been used. The results show that agricultural development (the increase in agricultural value added) enhances food security through improving access to food. The GDP have a positive effect on food security so that all three dimensions of food security improved by increasing income. Rising prices will reduce food security by reducing access to food and reducing purchasing power.The urbanization has different effects on the different dimensions of food security but overall reduces food security. Keywords: Access to Food, Agricultural Development, Developing Countries, Food Security, Panel Data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - factors affecting farmers’excessive use of application chemical pesticides and Analyzing the self-protective behavioure about the use of chemical pesticides (Case Study: Zanjan province)
Nafiseh Salahi Moghadam rohollah rezaei Aurang KavousiIncreased mortality and morbidity of humans due to unsafe use of chemical pesticides are the most serious occupational hazards faced by farmers in developing countries. As such, The purpose of this research was to investigation of factors affecting farmers’ excess MoreIncreased mortality and morbidity of humans due to unsafe use of chemical pesticides are the most serious occupational hazards faced by farmers in developing countries. As such, The purpose of this research was to investigation of factors affecting farmers’ excessive use of application pesticides and identify barriers to farmers’ usage of self-protective behavioure about the use of chemical pesticides in Zanjan province. The statistical population of this study consisted of the thematic experts in Zanjan province of which 20 persons were selected using the purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The software of MAXQDA 12 was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the main factors affecting the farmers’ excessive use of application pesticides were cognitive-informational weakness, educational-extensional services weakness, Characteristic of chemical pest control methods, supportive weakness and personal factors. Additionally, the results of the study indicated that the variables Lack of attention of the government and relevant organizations to farmers' health, health culture weakness among farmers, economic factors, personal factors, information weakness and Individual protection equipment barriers effected self-protective behaviors of farmers in the use of pesticides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Application of Machine Learning Models for flood risk assessment and producing map to identify flood prone areas: Literature Review
Parisa Firoozishahmirzadi Shaghayegh Rahimi Zeinab Esmaeili Seraji -
Open Access Article
126 - A combined machine learning algorithms and Interval DEA method for measuring predicting the efficiency
Hasan Babaei Keshteli Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh -
Open Access Article
127 - Estimation of Water Consumption in Agricultural Sector of Soudlaneh Vill Using Estimation Algorithm of Evapotranspiration
hossein karimi torghabeh parviz kardavani masoud mahdaviThe main consumer of water resource in the country is agriculture sector – AS a result, the largest amount of water losses is related to this sector one of the most important processes of agricultural water losses related to real evapotranspiration because during MoreThe main consumer of water resource in the country is agriculture sector – AS a result, the largest amount of water losses is related to this sector one of the most important processes of agricultural water losses related to real evapotranspiration because during the evapotranspiration process (ET) , a large volume of water of surface soil transferred transpiration ally and also sub soil water is transferred through the vegetation and real transpiration to the atmosphere. In this research using the algorithm SEBAL and MODIS indicator the real evapotranspiration rate was evaluated in Sodlaneh village of Quchan in 2011.Monthly results indicate the highest evapotranspiration was related to the months of April, June, May that with average of 17, 21, 26 mm was topped up respectively. High levels of evapotranspiration in spring due to land use map of the area which dominates annual evaporation and transpiration of the Sodlaneh village is calculation this year as 260mm that its Maximum equal with 644 mm is related to eastern part of the village (such as villages Dadanloo, Dizadiz) and and at least equivalent to 102mm is related to the central and western parts of the village (such as village of davoodli and dollo). The results of this study with the land data of Sodlaneh village shows that there is a significant correlation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The effect of baking powder micro-encapsulated carnauba wax on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of chicken coated with tempura powder during the storage period
A. Khosronia A. Jafarpour Gh. Asadi S. M. Seyedin Ardebili Sh. Yousefi Introduction: Coated foods are consumed in restaurants and homes immediately or shortly after preparation. This study was conducted with the aim of microencapsulating baking powder with carnauba wax in tempura formulation and investigating the changes of tempura p More Introduction: Coated foods are consumed in restaurants and homes immediately or shortly after preparation. This study was conducted with the aim of microencapsulating baking powder with carnauba wax in tempura formulation and investigating the changes of tempura powder during storage. Finally, its effect on the characteristics of coated chicken was investigated.Materials and Methods: Baking powder was microencapsulated with carnauba wax at a ratio of 1:1. Tempura powder was prepared in three groups: T1 (control), T2 (tempura + 3% free baking powder), T3 (tempura + 3% encapsulated baking powder) and after comparing the physicochemical characteristics were used in preparation coats and evaluated for chicken fillet.Results: An increase in fat content, ash, and higher CO2 production, as well as a decrease in aw and protein in T2 and T3 treatments as compared to the control sample (p<0.05). The use of tempura powder with a new formulation significantly prevented the increase of peroxide in the samples during frying (p<0.05). Also, dough absorption and higher porosity were reported in the coated T2 and T3 samples as compared to the control (p<0.05). A decrease in L* and increase of a* and b*was also reported in these treatments (p<0.05). A decrease in texture stiffness was reported in tempura-coated products (p<0.05). The highest score in the investigated parameters (taste, aroma, color, texture, and overall acceptance) was reported in T2 and T3 treatments (p<0.05).Conclusion: Microencapsulation of baking powder is a promising method to prepare coated products with quality and texture and more marketability in this growing market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Efficiency Assessment of Pomegranate Peel for Nickel and Chromium Removal from Industrial Wastewater and Experimental Design Using Response Surface Methodology
Nasrin Hashemi Masoud Honarvar Elahe GharekhaniAbstract Water pollution with toxic heavy metals due to industrial wastewater discharge is a global environmental issue. The removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents is a significant concern in the field of water pollution and a serious challenge in reducing MoreAbstract Water pollution with toxic heavy metals due to industrial wastewater discharge is a global environmental issue. The removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents is a significant concern in the field of water pollution and a serious challenge in reducing water quality. Multiple metals such as nickel, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc are notably toxic. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of pomegranate peel as a cost-effective adsorbent in removing nickel and chromium metals. Pomegranate peels were initially treated with a 0.1 N sulfuric acid solution, and their adsorption capacity was examined. The effect of sulfuric acid on the adsorbent was assessed using CHN, FT-IR, and SEM techniques. The results indicated that the modification of the adsorbent with sulfuric acid was effective in removing chromium and nickel ions from industrial wastewater. Adsorption experiments were carried out at various adsorbent concentrations, times, temperatures, and pH levels. Data analysis revealed that the optimal conditions for nickel ions (II) are a concentration of 4.5 g/L of the adsorbent, pH 6, a temperature of 308.15 K, and a time of 60 minutes. The optimal conditions for chromium ions (VI) are a concentration of 4 g/L of the adsorbent, pH 5.5, a temperature of 300.65 K, and a time of 100 minutes. The research conducted and the results obtained suggest that, considering the potential benefits, the use of this adsorbent for the removal of nickel and chromium in industrial wastewater is a promising and environmentally friendly approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The Analythic Approach towards Psychologic and Behavier Needs of Women and Theirt Influence on Quality of Space (Case study: Public Space/
Mehrvash Kazemi farah habib Seyed gholamreza eslami3AbstractObjective: Women constitute more than half of the population, however, designers do not pay attention to theirspecial needs. Architecture is for human and human could be divided in two groups: males and females. Theyare different in sex and gender; because of t More3AbstractObjective: Women constitute more than half of the population, however, designers do not pay attention to theirspecial needs. Architecture is for human and human could be divided in two groups: males and females. Theyare different in sex and gender; because of their different gender roles in society they have some different andspecial needs in using the spaces. Sometimes spaces, exactly public spaces, for a part of user (women) are notsuitable because gender needs are overlooked. Gendered spaces as a problem will be appeared when we forgetgender differences, so that some users (women) have to leave the space and in this way a general space isconverted to a specific space. This research attempts to find and explain these spaces by focusing on womenpsychological and behavior needs in public spaces as parks.Method: Research methodology is survey and case study is chosen from some parks of Tabriz.Result: This research attempts to to clarify the process of being gendered and to investigate the spaces in threeways of being gendered:1-By planning2-By design process3-By occupation and future using.Finally, three factors were found: sparated spaces, easy circulation and domination on space in parks that makesuitable spaces Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Investigating the behavior of individual investors after the release of financial statements
Davoud gorjizadehbaee Mohammad hamed khan mohammadiAbstractOne of the main sources of information for investors to make investment decisions is the information contained in the financial statements published by companies. Public disclosure of financial statements in the form of different information channels, generates MoreAbstractOne of the main sources of information for investors to make investment decisions is the information contained in the financial statements published by companies. Public disclosure of financial statements in the form of different information channels, generates thoughtful reactions among investors. Audited financial statements convey the auditor's view of the feasibility and reliability of financial statements to users of financial statements, which is a useful tool in the decision making process.The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral response of individual investors after the publication of annual audited financial statements. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, field survey method and descriptive survey method. Data were analyzed using a standard questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is all real investors of Tehran Stock Exchange, of whom 403 were selected by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by spss22 and Lisrel 8.50 software using structural equation method.The results of the data analysis show that the release of financial statements (good or bad news) has a significant effect on the behavior of individual investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Modeling the Relationship between Efficiency, Risk and Capital in the Iranian Banking System
sayed majid koocheki mohammad hasan janani Mohammadreza Setayesh Mahmoud HematfarAbstractIn this study, we first calculate and estimate the efficiency of all banks listed in the Iranian Stock Exchange in the period 2012-2012. This estimation is made using the model of Eegner et al. (1977). Then, using the three-stage model presented by Shrews & MoreAbstractIn this study, we first calculate and estimate the efficiency of all banks listed in the Iranian Stock Exchange in the period 2012-2012. This estimation is made using the model of Eegner et al. (1977). Then, using the three-stage model presented by Shrews & Dahl (1992), Kay Van & Eisenberg (1997) and Altonbass et al (2007), using the Simultaneous Equation Path Analysis method to investigate the relationship between productivity, risk and We have capitalized and calculated the direct and indirect impact of these variables and their impact on each other. The results show that the model used is appropriate and there is a significant relationship between these three variables. The data obtained from this analysis, based on the adjusted coefficient of determination obtained from the research model, show that the impact of productivity and banking risk on capital is greater.Keywords: Banking Productivity, Banking Risk, Capital, Route Analysis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Predicting Corporate Financial Indicators Using the Conditional Average Estimator and Genetic Metaheuristic Algorithms
Ebrahim Alizadeh Hamidreza Vakilifard mohsen hamidianAbstractPredicting the financial position of companies based on financial indicators is one of the most important issues of interest to investors, creditors and other stakeholders of the company such as suppliers or retailers. Because, evaluating a company's financial p MoreAbstractPredicting the financial position of companies based on financial indicators is one of the most important issues of interest to investors, creditors and other stakeholders of the company such as suppliers or retailers. Because, evaluating a company's financial position before making any investment or lending decisions seems necessary to prevent losses. The purpose of this study was to predict the financial indices of companies using the conditional average estimator method (CAE) and genetic algorithm (GA). The research method was DM-CRISP and the financial data of 130 stock companies over 10 years from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed. The results showed that the conditional average estimator method has high accuracy and ability in modeling. Also, the use of genetic algorithm in combination increases the accuracy of prediction. Capital Market Operators Can Use Research Results to Better Predict Corporate Financial and Performance Indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Providing a model of investment ethics for managers in the financial crisis with a qualitative approach
Ali Hazaveh mahdi madanchi zaj Ali Saeedi Shadi ShahverdianiThe present study aims to provide a model of managers' investment ethics in the financial crisis with a qualitative approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and has been done with an exploratory approach and a qualitative research design. Participants cons MoreThe present study aims to provide a model of managers' investment ethics in the financial crisis with a qualitative approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and has been done with an exploratory approach and a qualitative research design. Participants consisted of 9 academic experts and financial experts who were selected using a purposive method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews that continued until theoretical saturation. The interviews were analyzed using the theme analysis method and using Maxiquida software. The results showed that 5 main categories, 31 sub-categories and 74 open codes were obtained from the interview. According to the findings, the model of investment ethics of managers in the financial crisis includes five main categories of ethical personality, ethical market, ethical norms, ethical motivations and ethical requirements in investing. It was also found that the category of the existence of rules (subcategory of ethical requirements) had the most repetition in interviews. Also, the categories of society values and social norms (sub-categories of moral norms) were the most frequent in the interviews. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Investing in the oil and gas industry using estimates of crude oil and natural gas consumption in Iran by VECM model
vahid rajabian reza taleblo hamidreza arbabAbstractThe main objective of this research is to estimate the demand model for crude oil and natural gas in the country during the period from 1988 to 2015 and also to predict crude oil and natural gas demand functions in Iran during the sixth development plan with the MoreAbstractThe main objective of this research is to estimate the demand model for crude oil and natural gas in the country during the period from 1988 to 2015 and also to predict crude oil and natural gas demand functions in Iran during the sixth development plan with the aim of studying the effect of important variables affecting their consumption in the country. VAR - VECM model is used to investigate the relationship and the effects of variables and the short-run and long-run relationship between variables, and finally, extracted model has been used to predict crude oil and natural gas demand in the country at 1400 horizon. The results indicate that: (1) income elasticity is low and the sensitivity of oil consumption to changes in income (here, per capita income) is small. (2) There are no long-term causal relationship between intrinsic independent variables and exogenous independent variables, such as oil price and natural gas prices, towards natural gas consumption and per capita income. (3) In the short term, there is no causal relationship from natural gas consumption, natural gas prices, oil prices, and per capita income towards crude oil consumption. (4) Variance decomposition for oil consumption variable indicates that in the long run, natural gas consumption has a significant contribution to explaining changes in crude oil consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Contratum dominance over momentum and reverse: Evidence from the Iranian capital market
ali timori ashtiani mohsen hamidian seyedeh mahboobeh jafariAbstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of combining the ranking period and the maintenance period of classical momentum and contrarian strategies and evaluate the performance of portfolios resulting from hybrid strategies in comparison wit MoreAbstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of combining the ranking period and the maintenance period of classical momentum and contrarian strategies and evaluate the performance of portfolios resulting from hybrid strategies in comparison with classical strategies. For this purpose, using the information of 120 companies in the period 2011 to 2020, the amount of excess return, the explanatory power of excess return by the risk factors of the seven-factor model Fama and French and the explanatory power of future return by excess return of hybid strategy and classical strategy are evaluated and compared.The results show that contratum (contractionary hybrid) strategy, which rank like contrarian strategies in the long run but are maintained in the medium term like momentum strategies, perform better than momentum and contrarin strategies. In addition, even after controlling risk factors (Fama and French seven-factor model), contratum, contrarian and momentum investment strategies in the Iranian capital market are profitable. Finally, the results of the present study support the explanatory power and more predictive power of the excess return of the contratum strategy than the classical strategies for future returns. Therefore, the contribution of the present study is to provide evidence of excess return and performance of the new hybrid strategy is much higher than the classic investment strategies proven in the Iran capital market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Stock market reactions to earnings management, corporate risk and weak internal controls
sid nia valinia Mohammed Hussain Ranjbar daowd khodadady hojat alaha salariAbstractThe main function of the capital market is to finance productive production and service activities. To achieve this important goal, the shares of companies listed on the capital market must be attractive enough for investors to invest. One of the most important MoreAbstractThe main function of the capital market is to finance productive production and service activities. To achieve this important goal, the shares of companies listed on the capital market must be attractive enough for investors to invest. One of the most important indicators of the attractiveness of a certain company's stock for investors is the return on investment. The return on investment comes more than anything from changes in a company's stock price, and a company's stock price changes come from its internal information management. In this research, a model for the relationship between market reaction and weak internal controls, manipulation of accruals, business risk and financial risk is presented. This research is a purely experimental research, but, according to the analysis of past information, the statistical population of the research is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2007 to 2018. Finally, for statistical analysis, the calculated variables have been transferred to the Eviews9 software environment. The research findings show that the weakness of internal controls on the manipulation of real data, business risk and financial risk at the probability level. 5% has a significant effect. Manipulation of real information at the 5% probability level has a significant impact on financial and business risk. Manipulation of real information, financial risk and business risk at the 5% probability level have a significant impact on market reaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Explaining the effect of financial reporting concepts on the level of risk disclosure in annual financial reporting in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
iraj khoshkholg Ghodratallah TalebniaThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial reporting concepts on the level of risk disclosure in annual financial reporting in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, four indicators (financial reporting quality, corporate MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial reporting concepts on the level of risk disclosure in annual financial reporting in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, four indicators (financial reporting quality, corporate governance level, audit quality and disclosure of corporate social responsibility) have been used to examine the concepts of financial reporting. For this purpose, hypotheses were compiled and information related to the companies that are members of the stock exchange for the period between 1388 and 1397 were examined and analyzed. The statistical population of the study, according to the conditions for selecting the sample, included 140 companies that were selected by systematic deletion method. The research regression model was examined and tested using panel data method with fixed effects approach. The results showed that among the concepts of financial reporting, financial reporting quality index, corporate governance and audit quality with regard to increasing the level of supervision, transparency and proper disclosure have a significant positive effect on risk disclosure in annual financial reporting and increase the level of disclosure of risk in financial reporting. They are annual. On the other hand, the results confirm that the company's social responsibility disclosure index does not have a significant effect on risk disclosure in annual financial reporting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Modeling risk in accordance with the financing structure in the money market based on probabilistic decision theory
hamidreza iravani hamidreza kordlouieuie narges yazdanianhas not been raised in recent years, but has been the focus of researchers in recent decades. Different sources of financing make it possible to make the desired investment and can increase the wealth of shareholders. Therefore, considering the importance of risk in the Morehas not been raised in recent years, but has been the focus of researchers in recent decades. Different sources of financing make it possible to make the desired investment and can increase the wealth of shareholders. Therefore, considering the importance of risk in the financing structure, the purpose of this study is to model risk in accordance with the financing structure in the money market based on probabilistic decision theory. In terms of research method, this research is in the category of descriptive-analytical research of the time series type. The statistical population of the study is experts in the field of financial management of banks. In this study, after reviewing various literature in the fields of financial risks and financial ratios of banks, the most important risks were identified. A combination of two methods was used to collect data. By using the library method of the subject literature; A theoretical framework and background were provided for the research, and in the second stage, we modeled by collecting the opinions of experts. In this study, after collecting information, Ahp technique was used. The results showed that systematic risk has the highest priority. Liquidity risk is in the second priority. Income distribution risk in the third priority, operational risk in the fourth priority, capital risk in the fifth priority, credit risk in the sixth priority,Market risk in the seventh priority,Competition risk in the Eighth priority andMarket liquidity risk in the last priority. has it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Identify and examine the process of impact of the most important variables affecting the banking crisis over time
ghodratolah talebnia siavash malekpour Hamidreza Vakilifard Mohammad Hossein RanjbarAbstractThe study of banking crises in the world over time shows that some of them are destructive. Institutional problems, economic and financial sanctions and even the spread of the Corona virus have significantly increased the likelihood of crisis in the country's ba MoreAbstractThe study of banking crises in the world over time shows that some of them are destructive. Institutional problems, economic and financial sanctions and even the spread of the Corona virus have significantly increased the likelihood of crisis in the country's banking system. The share of more than 80% of banks in financing financing investment in the country has doubled the importance of identifying the factors affecting the banking crisis. Banks are used. The present research is applied in terms of research method. Estimation of Bayesian averaging model and TVP_FAVAR in MATLAB 2021 software in 11-year period (2008-2019); it is going to happen. The sample is 10 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Initially, 49 variables affecting the banking crisis were entered into the model and 12 non-fragile variables affecting the financial crisis were identified using the Bayesian averaging model approach. The output of the results shows that the banking crisis index in the Iranian economy is multifaceted because the variables related to monetary and financial sector policy makers affect it; The results of the TVPFAVAR model also show that the effect of variables affecting the banking crisis is generally positive and strong, and this effect is generally stronger in the long run than in the short run; As a result, in order to reduce the banking crisis, medical and discretionary policies can not prevent the occurrence of the banking crisis, and institutional and fundamental policies and infrastructures are needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The Impact of Performance Criteria on Brand Value In the automotive industry
Abdolreza Tahmasebi Mirfeiz fallah Hamidreza Vakilifard Abdullah NaamiAbstractBrand value is an important concept in doing business as well as scientific research; Because companies gain competitive advantage with the power of their brand. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial performance criteria on brand va MoreAbstractBrand value is an important concept in doing business as well as scientific research; Because companies gain competitive advantage with the power of their brand. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial performance criteria on brand value in the automotive industry of Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the variables of stock return, sales return, asset return, equity return and operating cash ratio were used as performance criteria and Kyotubin criterion was used as a variable expressing the brand value of the company. The results of this study, which was obtained from the financial data of 32 companies in the automotive industry during the years 1391 to 1398 and the multivariate regression method showed that the factors affecting brand value in the short term (this year) and next year are different and only stock return as a performance measure can Affect the brand value of this year and next year. These results indicate that in order to explain the brand value in the short and long term, not all company performance metrics have information content and stock returns have shown their role in explaining the company's brand value.Keywords: Brand Value, Performance Criteria, Automotive Industry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Investigating and measuring the factors affecting the efficiency indicators of technical analysis in the Iranian stock market;Generalized Torque Model (GMM) approach
hamed tavakolipour faegh ahmadi bihan abidini Mohammad Hossein RanjbarAbstractUndoubtedly, profit forecasting, which may be done technically or fundamentally, will be applicable when it is highly efficient. The required data were collected using the sampling method for 323 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange on a monthly basis d MoreAbstractUndoubtedly, profit forecasting, which may be done technically or fundamentally, will be applicable when it is highly efficient. The required data were collected using the sampling method for 323 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange on a monthly basis during the period 2013-2019. In addition, static software and dynamic panel data model (GMM) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that company size and corporate governance indicators did not have a significant effect on technical analysis performance indicators. In addition, financial leverage does not have a significant effect on RSI and MACD and has a significant inverse effect on MA1 and MA2. On the other hand, return on assets has a significant inverse effect on RSI and has a significant positive effect on MA1, MA2 and MACD. Also, recession and economic prosperity do not have a significant effect on RSI and MACD and have a significant inverse effect on MA1 and MA2. In addition, inflation fluctuations, exchange rate fluctuations and systemic risk have a significant positive effect on RSI and have a significant inverse effect on MA1, MA2 and MACD. Then, the accuracy of predicting the performance indicators of technical analysis in the form of three scenarios was assessed. The results showed that the accuracy of predicting the performance indicators of technical analysis in the Iranian stock market is appropriate for the studied scenarios. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Presentation a model for Identifying Human Influencing Investors' Behavior in the Iranian Capital Market
Arzoo Khosravani Ghodratallah Talebnia fatemeh sarrafABSTRACTConsidering the importance of capital market as a source of financing for Iranian industries in this research, it is attempted to identify, classify and model factors affecting investors' behavior in Iranian capital market using qualitative research method. Acco MoreABSTRACTConsidering the importance of capital market as a source of financing for Iranian industries in this research, it is attempted to identify, classify and model factors affecting investors' behavior in Iranian capital market using qualitative research method. Accordingly, by interviewing thirty senior experts, 16 key themes were identified based on a paradigm model and structured in six dimensions: motivation, personality, and attitude as "causal conditions"., Media as "interventionist", self-esteem, social status, and financial literacy as "context", social interactions, mental accounting, business intelligence, emotional intelligence, foresight and risk tolerance as "interactive dimension", behavior Investors as the "pivotal phenomenon" and the amount of market investment and capital market performance as the "consequence dimension". The quantitative part of the model was tested by structural equation modeling and the status of the variables was tested by one sample t-test. The capital market is inappropriate. It also found that financial literacy, business intelligence, and futures were the most important factors influencing investor behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Investigating the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency
Afshin shalchi Zadollah Fathi Hossein ShafieiAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency. Given that investing is the process of making a decision that managers use to identify projects MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency. Given that investing is the process of making a decision that managers use to identify projects that add value to the company, managers' mental states, including those of managers' overconfidence, play a significant role in selecting investment projects. On the other hand, managers' over-confident influence on investment efficiency can be indirectly influenced by growth opportunities. This research is causal, post-event and applied. To conduct this research, a sample of 156 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2018 was selected. Based on the combined data method and multivariate linear logistic regression analysis, the research findings showed that managers' overconfidence leads to increase / decrease of over / under investment. Also, according to Baron & Kenny (1986), managers' trust is influenced not only directly but also indirectly by growth opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Investigating the Impact of Financial Freedom and Investment on Tax Evasion: A Quantile Regression Approach
Naser Yousefnezhad Ali Akbar Farzinfar Hossein jabbari mehdi safari griyly Hasan GhodratiTaxes play a key role in combining government revenues and can help governments achieve the three goals of resource allocation, revenue distribution, and economic stability. There are several factors that affect tax evasion, one of the most important of which is the ope MoreTaxes play a key role in combining government revenues and can help governments achieve the three goals of resource allocation, revenue distribution, and economic stability. There are several factors that affect tax evasion, one of the most important of which is the openness of markets (financial freedom and freedom of investment). Therefore, in this study, the effect of financial freedoms and investment on tax evasion in the period 2000-2020 has been studied using the quantitative regression method. The results of model estimation show that higher monetary freedom (low inflation), financial freedom and investment freedom have negative, positive and negative effects on tax evasion, respectively. Also, the impact of property rights on tax evasion is negative and significant, and the guarantee of personal property by the government has reduced the rate of tax evasion. In addition, rule of law also has a significant negative impact on tax evasion. Because the rule of law is high, it increases people's confidence in the strict implementation of laws, especially tax laws, and reduces the possibility of tax evasion. At the significance level of 5%, the impact of government spending and the agricultural sector share variable (percentage of GDP) on tax evasion was positive but not statistically significant. In contrast, the effect of religion (percentage of Muslim population) and unemployment rate on tax evasion are negative, positive and significant, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Investigating the relationship between market orientation in order to create and develop new products on the company's financial performance (focusing on Iran Dairy Company (Pegah))
Maryam Kazemi Iman Abadi Mohammad Taleghani narges DelafroozWhat experienced today is a huge shift from material resources to knowledge. Physical and financial assets are now necessary but insufficient to achieve the goals of the organization. Instead, knowledge, technology settings, good customer relations, information systems, MoreWhat experienced today is a huge shift from material resources to knowledge. Physical and financial assets are now necessary but insufficient to achieve the goals of the organization. Instead, knowledge, technology settings, good customer relations, information systems, etc., which constitute the intellectual capital of the organization, are recognized as the key factors of success in the information age. It believed that intellectual capital, including human capital and structural capital, has an increasing role in the performance of the company and is effective on its financial achievements such as market value, profitability, productivity, etc. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between tendencies to the market is in line with the creation and development of new products on the financial performance of Iran Dairy Industries Company (Pegah). In terms of implementation method, this research is a descriptive research from the correlation branch and from the survey group and is cross-sectional in terms of time. 15 production companies and 5 sales areas of Iran Dairy Industries Company (Pegah) were considered as the research community . The results showed that the market orientation from the sub-section of innovation strategy in the direction of the tendency to create new products has an impact on the financial performance of the company and this effect is significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Factors affecting liquidity management in pharmaceutical companies: Bayesian averaging approach
ghodratolah talebnia Ramin Pourabdolahian tehrani Hamidreza Vakilifard Jahanbakhsh asadniaAbstractOne of the powerful tools in examining the financial performance of companies is the liquidity of that company and is one of the decision-making indicators of investors. Examining the financial statements of companies is the most important step in investing and MoreAbstractOne of the powerful tools in examining the financial performance of companies is the liquidity of that company and is one of the decision-making indicators of investors. Examining the financial statements of companies is the most important step in investing and in this study, 50 effective variables of financial statements on liquidity management are included in the model. Using Bayesian averaging model approach, 12 non-fragile variables affecting the liquidity management of pharmaceutical companies, which include current liabilities, accumulated profit and loss, P / S, operating profit (loss), gross EPS, net cash inflow (outflow), Total Net Return on Investments, Total Net Flow of Investment Activities, Receiving Financial Facilities, Total Net Flow of Financing Activities, Cash Balance at the Beginning of the Year and Cash Balance at the End of the Year were identified. According to the results of liquidity management of pharmaceutical companies is a multidimensional process; Because the variables related to financial statements, balance sheet and profit and loss and cash flow affect this index. The multidimensionality of the factors influencing this process will require coordination among policy makers active in the industry so that the time inconsistencies created in the decision-making process do not make the situation of companies worse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Investigating the role of market timing as a model and investment strategy on the performance of capital market professionals
Behrouz Nazari mahdi Madanchi Zaj HAMIDREZA KORDLOUIEAbstractThe purpose of this study is to study the market timing and provide a model for investors to make the right and responsible decisions against their capital and tries to examine the capabilities of man-angers of mutual funds in the Iranian capital market, whether MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to study the market timing and provide a model for investors to make the right and responsible decisions against their capital and tries to examine the capabilities of man-angers of mutual funds in the Iranian capital market, whether they are time skills Have market assessments in choosing their investment portfolio or not. Therefore, the variables of the present study, using the implementation of a combined method of multi-attribute decision making and scenario analysis of "expert system proposed by Hosseini Nasab" [2], we used the A N P method. The results showed that it is possible to provide a comprehensive "timing" model for the capital market and In-prove the performance of professionals, and the future movements of the market can be predicted using the market timing strategy; Also, comparing the models of market timing strategy, the results showed that the timing strategy of seasons and dates, in comparison with the strategies of using moving average and seasonal timing of Sai Harding, have an effect on managers' performance and predicting future market movements; But compared to Mark Walker's seasonal timing strategies and Hirsch's best six-month timing strategies, it is less effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Digital transformation in corporate banking: theoretical approach and behavioral analysis
Shadi Oyarhossein abbas toloie eshlaghy Reza Radfar Alireza Pour EbrahimiDigital economy and changes are the results of the arrival of technology to the world of economics and its work. Among other things known as the international economy and evolution of the world, it is the banking industry and especially corporate banking.The article fit MoreDigital economy and changes are the results of the arrival of technology to the world of economics and its work. Among other things known as the international economy and evolution of the world, it is the banking industry and especially corporate banking.The article fits into digital changes in the age of data from one side and the effect from the other.The theoretical study of the present is knowledge of literature of the subject, the result of which is to produce scientific knowledge.The results of research show that digital transformation and digitalization are a lot of work from the upstart of the third millennium, and, most important of all, it has been a reaction to banking industry and corporate banking.It also based on knowledge and history, upon conditions which research as the basis of scientific research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Clarifying the model of influential criteria in production growth with the approach of shareholders' value creation
Seyed Mohialddin Seraj Fazel Mohammadi Nodeh sina kherdyarAbstract:The purpose of this research is to explain the pattern of effective criteria in the growth of production with an emphasis on creating value for shareholders in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. In line with the purpose of the research, research i MoreAbstract:The purpose of this research is to explain the pattern of effective criteria in the growth of production with an emphasis on creating value for shareholders in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. In line with the purpose of the research, research information was collected from the financial statements of listed companies in the period of 2010-2020. Multivariate regression method with panel data was used for statistical analysis. The findings of the research model test show that the rate of return on assets, current ratio, company size, financial leverage, stock liquidity, CEO tenure, political connections have a significant effect on the added value of shareholders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - ارایه مدل مناسب برای تابآوری مالی کسبوکار کارآفرینانه با رویکرد مدیریت ریسک
mehdi amini Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Habib Amirbeyki Langroudi Ali Badi'zadehThe current research is to present an applicable and suitable model for the financial resilience of entrepreneurial businesses with a risk management approach. This research aims to create a model to achieve and create the necessary platforms to create a culture of fina MoreThe current research is to present an applicable and suitable model for the financial resilience of entrepreneurial businesses with a risk management approach. This research aims to create a model to achieve and create the necessary platforms to create a culture of financial resilience in order to lead them to manage the risk of entrepreneurial businessesThe methodology used in this research is qualitative. in which the ground method of foundation data theory is used. that by using the opinions of subject matter experts and interviewing 10 experts in this field and using the snowball method until reaching the theoretical saturation stage in order to identify the effective factors in formulating the desired pattern and model of the research using open coding, central and selective has been discussed. In the end, the results of this research lead to the presentation of a model for financial resilience in entrepreneurial businesses, which has been developed and presented in the direction of financial resilience and risk management in entrepreneurial businesses, as well as the conceptual model of the research. From the results of the current research, the most important activities in the sectors such as designing discovery mechanisms and creating financial resilience of entrepreneurial businesses; redesigning financial resilience processes; Creation of creative innovation processes in financial resilience; Creating a culture of using new technologies and the desire to innovate in the implementation of financial resilience is in the direction of financial resilience Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The effect of recognizing managers 'behavioral biases on investors' emotional tendencies through the gray hierarchical analysis process
arash Hosseinpur Mohammed Hussain Ranjbar Jahanbakhsh asadnia faegh ahmadiAbstractThe purpose of this study is to identify the emotional tendencies of investors based on recognizing the behavioral biases of managers. The methodology of this research was a combination that in the first step in order to identify the components of managers' beha MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to identify the emotional tendencies of investors based on recognizing the behavioral biases of managers. The methodology of this research was a combination that in the first step in order to identify the components of managers' behavioral biases from meta-combined analysis with the participation of 18 academic experts. Then, through Delphi analysis, the identified indicators were examined. In Delphi analysis, the identified components of the CEO's behavioral biases on investors' emotional inclinations were examined and it was found that recognizing the CEO's utilitarian behavioral biases can increase the capital's emotional inclinations. Then in a small part, 101 companies in the period 2011 to 2018 were examined, which showed that the biases of the CEO's benevolent behavior on the emotional tendencies of investors were examined. And showed that the management of real and accrued earnings has a negative and significant effect on the emotional tendencies of investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Evaluation of HSE risks in the process of collecting and transferring urban solid waste (Case study of Tehran's 5th and 22nd districts
Manouchehr Omidvari Mahsa Afshari badrloo Farzam BabaeiIntroduction: Waste materials are produced as a result of human activity and work. Population growth and rising living standards increase the quantity of these substances. In other words, solid waste is an integral part of human life. The growth of technology and more u MoreIntroduction: Waste materials are produced as a result of human activity and work. Population growth and rising living standards increase the quantity of these substances. In other words, solid waste is an integral part of human life. The growth of technology and more use of natural resources and energy conversion has increased the size and complexity of solid waste production. These wastes must somehow move away from human habitation or re-enter the material and energy cycle. Today, irrational disposal of waste in addition to many disorders of the ecosystem and the emergence of many dangers in the world. Therefore, it is appropriate to take basic steps in this field to protect the environment and reduce economic losses.Goal: In this study, to achieve general and specific goals, the information collected in the two sections was information related to experts and residents of the two areas of Tehran.Design and Methods: First, Excel software was used to store and analyze information. In this way, the data were entered into Excel software and analyzed, and finally displayed in the form of tables and graphs by regions, and then the criteria and sub-criteria set by experts that the data were collected through a questionnaire. It has been analyzed using super decisions software.Results: The risk assessment form examines three criteria of environmental, safety, and health in two regions 5 and 22, each of which is effective in terms of safety, health, and the environment with weights in both regions 5 and region 22 of Tehran. The main environmental criteria in Zone 5 and the main safety criteria in Zone 22 are the high weight. Risk assessment form (HAZID method) is the environmental criterion of region 5, the highest risk number with 540 is related to dredging activity, washing elements, sweeping, administrative affairs, ..... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Prioritization of Sustainable Development Components in the Planning of Ecology Parks Case study: (Mashhad Park Mountain)
Toktam Hanaee Moslem Seyedolhosseini Elnaz KhaliliBackground and Objective: By reviewing the previous articles on the two areas of ecology park and sustainable development, it can be concluded that most studies have focused on the concepts and components of these two areas separately and a study on the integration of t MoreBackground and Objective: By reviewing the previous articles on the two areas of ecology park and sustainable development, it can be concluded that most studies have focused on the concepts and components of these two areas separately and a study on the integration of these two areas and interactions. They have not been done on top of each other, so the main purpose of this study is to identify the compone Methods: This research is quantitative in terms of a practical purpose, in terms of the nature and method of carrying out descriptive-analytical work and its research method. For the questions of the questionnaire, 28 active experts in the field of sustainable development and green space of Mashhad were selected by the full number method. Analyzing the results, according to the type of spectrum used in the questions, structural equations and factor analysis were used by Smart Pls and SPSS software. nts of ecological parks and prioritize them with the approach of sustainable urban development. Results: The findings of this study indicate that the importance of the main components in the ecological park, which includes 89% environmental sustainability, 55% socio-economic sustainability, and 57% physical-functional sustainability, respectively, so the highest priority with The variable is environmental sustainability, and the lowest priority is socio-economic sustainability. Discussion and Conclusions: The results indicate that the priority of ecological park indicators to promote sustainable development, respectively, priority includes energy sustainability - office building, energy sustainability — ecology, ecological diversity, conservation — ecology, welfare and health, social justice, economic security participation and attendance, functional flexibility, physical diversity, green landscape, diversity of routes, sustainable transportation, pedestrianization and functional creativity. In Mashhad Park Mountain, among the three main components, the highest score is related to environmental sustainability due to the natural mountain bed and the lowest score is socio-economic sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Evaluation of Diazinon Groundwater Resources in the Lavasanat area Based on SPME (Case Study: Large and Small Lavasanat)
marzieh Babaei Saeedreza Asemi Shahrzad KhoramnejadAbstract Organophosphorus pesticides are widely used for agricultural purposes, so it is make the Diazinon one of environmental issues. Given the importance of water and the effects that pollution can have on human health and natural ecosystems, water quality monitoring MoreAbstract Organophosphorus pesticides are widely used for agricultural purposes, so it is make the Diazinon one of environmental issues. Given the importance of water and the effects that pollution can have on human health and natural ecosystems, water quality monitoring is very important. The aim of this study was to determine the contamination entered in the area of large and small Lavasanat‘s groundwater. In the study area, were randomly selected 6 villages and six wells in each village (upstream and downstream) were sampled. After transferring the samples to the laboratory, using micro solid-phase extraction method, diazinon concentrations were measured. Results showed that Small Lavasanat is more polluted than Large Lavasanat. Niknam village and Hanzak with average concentrations of diazinon 13.792 and 13.328 micrograms per liter, respectively, were the most polluted underground water resources in the study area, respectively. Compare Diazinon estimated average by world standards, showed the amount of contamination of drinking water in the rural areas according to the standard, were higher than the standard limit and the groundwater does not match. The planning related to water resources management as well as monitoring the health of watersheds and change management in the study area should be prioritized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The Evaluation of Corrosion Potential of the Soil at the Periphery of Water Supply Pipes in Abadan and Khorramshahr Cities
Seifollah Ganjali Dashti Ebrahim PanahpourBackground and Objective: Soil can cause corrosion of the pipes as a result of chemical and microbial factors and, therefore, make extremely harmful effects happen on water transfer projects. The aim of this study was the evaluation of corrosion potential of the soil at MoreBackground and Objective: Soil can cause corrosion of the pipes as a result of chemical and microbial factors and, therefore, make extremely harmful effects happen on water transfer projects. The aim of this study was the evaluation of corrosion potential of the soil at the Periphery of Water Supply Pipes in Abadan and Khorramshahr cities. Materials and Methods: 20 points were randomly selected from the areas in the cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr where pipelines had been installed and then the soil in the close vicinity of the pipelines were sampled. The soil samples were immediately sent to laboratory where the moisture was measured. Also, after the soil was dried and crushed at the ambient temperature, its physical, chemical characteristics and soil’s microbial respiration were measured. Finally, the correlations between each of the parameters with the microbial respiration rate were investigated. Results: The results indicated that there is a positive and significant correlation, 0.633 and 0.673 in a 1% level of the statistical tests, respectively, between the electrical conductivity (EC) and the amount of Sodium with the carbon dioxide present as a result of microbial respiration but no significant correlation was found between the soil moisture at sampling time and microbial respiration. Also, the study results showed that the soil’s pH is positively and significantly correlated with the total alkalinity rate. Conclusion: The Soil at the Periphery of Water Supply Pipes in the stations of 10, 11 and 17 Due to the low electrical resistance, stations of 8 and 10 Due to the high Alkality and stations of 17, 18, 19 and 20 Due to the high microbial respiration had the greatest potential corrosion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Investigation of Sewage Treatment Conditions in Guilan Province Hospitals
Abdolreza Karimi Zahra Rahimi RashtabadiHospital wastewater contains a variety of pollutants, a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, radioactive materials, etc., which unless treated and disposed properly, can cause serious damage to human beings and the environment. The purposes of this study MoreHospital wastewater contains a variety of pollutants, a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, radioactive materials, etc., which unless treated and disposed properly, can cause serious damage to human beings and the environment. The purposes of this study are to investigate the wastewater treatment and disposal conditions and the effluent quality in Guilan hospitals.In this study, besides the investigation of wastewater management conditions in Guilan hospitals with wastewater treatment plants, the sewage treatment performance was assessed in one of the hospitals. Qualitative indicators including total coliform, fecal coliform, pH, DO, BOD5, COD, TSS, total phosphate, ammonia, nitrate and silver in the effluent were assessed and the lab results were compared to the standards of Iran Department of Environment.According to statistical results, 10 out of the 34 studied Guilan hospitals have active wastewater treatment systems. Furthermore, the qualitative assessment showed that pH, COD, BOD5, DO, phosphate, nitrate, silver, total coliform and fecal coliform levels in the hospital conform to the standards of Iran Department of Environment. However, reduction of ammonia and TSS levels should be considered. A number of hospitals in Guilan do not have wastewater treatment plant and their wastewater is discharged into municipal wastewater collection systems or drains. On the other hand, a number of hospitals with wastewater treatment plants do not work properly. Therefore, it is important to consider executive decisions regarding new wastewater treatment technologies and upgrading treatment process in existing wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: Hospital Wastewater, Effluent Quality, Wastewater Treatment, Ammonia Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - A Survey and Analysis of Production and Management of Medical Waste in Golestan Province, Iran
Mazdak Dorbeiki Hooman Bahmanpour Ataollah Golalipour Ali Ghaemi Morteza MallahMedical waste is one of the challenges of the modern society which its poor management has undesirable impacts on the environment and human health. The present research addresses the current situation of medical wastes in Golestan province in the North of Iran. This is MoreMedical waste is one of the challenges of the modern society which its poor management has undesirable impacts on the environment and human health. The present research addresses the current situation of medical wastes in Golestan province in the North of Iran. This is a descriptive analysis that includes data collection, field survey, and Iranian Department of the Environment (DOE) standard questionnaires for management and monitoring of medical waste in hospitals of the province. The results show that 25 hospitals with 2247 active beds produce 3574 and 2252 domestic and hazardous waste per day, respectively. The waste generation is 2.59 kg/day/bed (1 and 1.59 kg for hazardous and domestic, respectively). Disinfection process in 88% of all hospitals is active and 44% and 52% of the hospitals have done outsourcing, respectively. Disinfection methods include chemical, steam autoclave and dry heat which the second method is the most frequent in most hospitals. Also, 16 hospitals provide monitoring self-reports. The overall situation of medical waste management in the hospitals of Golestan province is average. Considering the change of environmental situation of the country in the future years, the management of this type of wastes should be more serious and it is necessary to design and implement operational programmes for optimum management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Effect of Flooding on Contamination of Agricultural Soils Based on a Case Study
Ramin SalmasiDuring the intensive flood in 1384, the floodplains in east Azerbayjan were waterlogged for a period of 1 month. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the flood on the level of contamination of the soils in this region. For this purpose, 20 soil samples were MoreDuring the intensive flood in 1384, the floodplains in east Azerbayjan were waterlogged for a period of 1 month. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the flood on the level of contamination of the soils in this region. For this purpose, 20 soil samples were collected from the area immediately after the flood event from the upper (0–30 cm) soil layer together with four samples from the 30–60 cm depth layer. The analysis included basic physico-chemical soil properties, contents of Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Zn metals. The concentrations of identified metals at all the samples were below the acceptable limits for agriculture use. The results show that this flooding episode in “clean” agricultural area had no immediate negative impact on the soils properties (organic matter percent, acidity, and nitrogen content) and did not result in excessive soil contamination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Determination of the Amount of Rare Metals (Zn, Fe, Cu) and Toxic (Pb, Cd, Ni) in Gum of Amygdalus Haussknechtii (Arjan) in Western Jungles of Iran
Mohammad Hosseini Ali MohammadzadehDue to the importance of using plant materials such as tree gum in industry, quality control of these materials is necessary to ensure human health and prevent environmental pollution. Gums play a stabilizing, emulsifying and tissue-improving role in food and medicine. MoreDue to the importance of using plant materials such as tree gum in industry, quality control of these materials is necessary to ensure human health and prevent environmental pollution. Gums play a stabilizing, emulsifying and tissue-improving role in food and medicine. Edible gum extracted from Amygdalus Haussknechtii (Arjan) tree contains some essential metals (zinc, iron and copper) and toxic (lead, cadmium and nickel). In this study, the concentrations of essential metals such as zinc, iron and copper and toxic metals such as lead, cadmium and nickel in the gum exuded from the Arjan tree that grows in three regions (Ilam, Lorestan and Fars) were measured. In this study, the concentration of essential and toxic metals in Arjan tree gum was measured based on wet digestion method (acid digestion) using ultrasound and atomic absorption spectrometer. The gums samples, after being ashed and digested in hydrochloric acid, were placed in an ultrasonic bath (ultrasound) at 40 ° C for ten minutes. According to the measurements of the samples from the three regions, the highest concentration belongs to iron metal. Based on one-way analysis of variance and subsequent t-test, there is a significant difference between the concentrations of toxic and essential metals in the three regions (P <0.05). High concentration of lead and some essential metals in gum samples could exist due to high accumulation of this metal in soil. Therefore, continues monitoring of toxic and essential metals in edible materials of farmlands plays an important role in reducing the environmental risks threating human health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Preventive Criminal Policy on Threats and Destruction of Aquatic in Iran
Babak Pourghahramani Ahmad KhaniThe protection of aquatic resources, as a national capital and a platform in which today's generation and future generations should have a growing social life, has been considered in all systems of government. Aquatic animals are one of the most important human food res MoreThe protection of aquatic resources, as a national capital and a platform in which today's generation and future generations should have a growing social life, has been considered in all systems of government. Aquatic animals are one of the most important human food resources. Various economic, commercial, employment and community health aspects are important. But due to the unprincipled activities of human beings, these great divine resources are being destroyed. Therefore, protection of aquatic resources and prevention of potential hazards seems necessary. This article has been written with the aim of investigating the preventive criminal policy regarding the threat and destruction of aquatic animals in Iran. The research method is library and descriptive-analytical. The findings of the study indicate that criminal intervention alone is not sufficient and effective to protect and conserve aquatic resources, but requires social prevention such as education and awareness, culture, public participation and preventive strategies such as monitoring and inspection and increase the risk of crime. . Of course, in this way, the authorities, while believing in non-criminal prevention measures, should continuously redouble their efforts in this way. So they can contribute to the sustainability of the animal environment without resorting to criminal means. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - A comparative analysis of the paradoxes of life and death and the world and the hereafter from the perspectives of Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī and Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī
mahboobeh sadeghi googhari Hamid Reza KharazmiAbstract One factor contributing to the permanence of literary works and texts is the thought underlying these works. In Persian literature, poets and writers have not only composed poems and created literary works, but also introduced theological, moral, philosophica MoreAbstract One factor contributing to the permanence of literary works and texts is the thought underlying these works. In Persian literature, poets and writers have not only composed poems and created literary works, but also introduced theological, moral, philosophical, mystical, and other thoughts into literary works. Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī is one of the poets of the 7th century AH with mystical thoughts and Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī is one of the poets of the 5th century AH with religious and philosophical ideas. Following the American school, the present study sought to perform a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences in the views of two Eastern poets with the same religion but with different ideas about the contradictory issues of existence related to life and death and the world and the hereafter. The results indicated that Mawlānā follows a mystical and philosophical approach to the phenomena with his enlightening lens, but Abū al-ʿAlāʾ follows a poetic philosophy and a skeptical and pessimistic view of these paradoxical concepts. Keywords: Mawlānā, Abū al-ʿAlāʾ, Comparative Literature, Paradoxes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - A Comparative Study on "Monotheism and Trust" in “Al-Qushayriyya Al-Risala” with Sufi Levels by Khajeh Abdullah Ansari
Mehrnoosh Mansouri MeymandiIn the present article, the mystical terms "Tawhid" (monotheism) and "Tawakul" (trust) in "Al-Qushayriyya Al-Risala" have been studied in a comparative view with the book "Sufi levels" by Khajeh Abdullah Ansari. Unlike al-Qushayrī, Khajeh Abdullah has not dedicated a sp MoreIn the present article, the mystical terms "Tawhid" (monotheism) and "Tawakul" (trust) in "Al-Qushayriyya Al-Risala" have been studied in a comparative view with the book "Sufi levels" by Khajeh Abdullah Ansari. Unlike al-Qushayrī, Khajeh Abdullah has not dedicated a specific chapter to any of these terms, but has addressed some of mystical concepts in his sermons as required by the word. The words of all Sufis about monotheism show their confession of the singleness of God. Qushayrī himself directly confirms it, and Khajeh Abdullah, in his definition of monotheism, believes that monotheism is not the "I" of a person, but only "He" and that is enough. Qushayrī and Khajh Abdullah quote the words of other Sufis about Trust. Undoubtedly, the two agree on the words of the Sufis who use them as evidence. Qushayrī and Khajeh Abdullah have tried to express the words of the great Sufis in this regard in addition to describing the conduct status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Analytical comparison of the grammar (word structure) and syntax (adopting the meaning of letters and referencing pronouns) influence on speculative theology in two commentaries of Mufatih al-Ghaib (Al-Tafsir al-Kabir) and Tasnim
Masome Soltan Mirjalili Mohamad Reza AminAbstract: One of the requirements for commentators to understand the divine verses is, undoubtedly, knowledge of grammar and syntax. In the current article, to understand the purpose of God, some examples from the commentary books of Mufatih al-Ghaib and Tasnim have bee MoreAbstract: One of the requirements for commentators to understand the divine verses is, undoubtedly, knowledge of grammar and syntax. In the current article, to understand the purpose of God, some examples from the commentary books of Mufatih al-Ghaib and Tasnim have been examined. Also, the influence of grammar and syntax on thinking and speculative theological methods in these two commentaries has been investigated. In some cases, due to the commentators' lack of attention to the morphological structure of the words, the context of their lack of understanding of the purpose of the verse has been created; Because sometimes they have confirmed their theological thinking by citing a special analysis of the verse arrangement. Here, attention is paid only to those verses whose influence on the speculative theological style of the commentator is evident. In order to investigate the role of syntax knowledge, only those verses of the Qur'an that recount the influence of syntax knowledge on the commentator's speculative theological method have been examined; such as the dispute about "Waw" in the seventh verse of Surah Aale-Imran, the dispute about "Lam" in the verse seventy-ninth of Surah An'am, and the dispute about the reference to pronouns in the fifteenth verse of Surah Hajar and the hundred and fifty-seventh of Surah A'raf. It seems that trying to understand the correct application of examples of morphological and syntactical rules is related to the speculative theological character of commentators and affects it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Application of attention industry in Surah Anbiya
Mehrdad Aghaei fazil AbaszadahAbstractThe Holy Quran, as the King of the Book of Existence, despite its abandonment among human societies, especially among Muslims, contains many thematic themes and novelties that all rhetorical and syntactic books have made the most of this great book. . The attent MoreAbstractThe Holy Quran, as the King of the Book of Existence, despite its abandonment among human societies, especially among Muslims, contains many thematic themes and novelties that all rhetorical and syntactic books have made the most of this great book. . The attention industry is one of the most common literary industries used in Arabic and Persian, which has long been used by speakers and writers. The rhetoricians, syntacticians, critics, and commentators have each provided definitions of attention that have changed over time. Therefore, the attitude of the new rhetorician is different from the old rhetoric towards this literary industry. This research aims to examine the difference between the view of rhetoricians at different times in this literary array and also the difference in the amount of examples of this industry in Surah Anbiya in the seventeenth part of the Holy Quran. Pay.Keywords: Holy Quran, Surah Anbiya, Al-Tafat Industry, Usage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Investigating the accuracy of the interpretations of Majma 'al-Bayyan and Kashf al-Asrar in the morphological meanings of nominal words (Case study: Mimi source and Marah source)
mohammad mohammadzadeh askar babazadeh aghdam Hossein Khani kalgayReview:The interpretation of the Holy Quran is considered as one of the prominent sciences of the Islamic sciences and the most popular humanities due to the discovery of the hidden complexities and layers of the words and verses of the Qur'an. This knowledge is for gro MoreReview:The interpretation of the Holy Quran is considered as one of the prominent sciences of the Islamic sciences and the most popular humanities due to the discovery of the hidden complexities and layers of the words and verses of the Qur'an. This knowledge is for growth and excellence and for getting closer to the truth. And the real meaning of Quranic verses is to use different sciences; ; One of these sciences is pure knowledge, which examines the structural forms of words in the Arabic language, and these structural changes in different types of words can also convey various meanings and meanings. , The present speech, due to the importance of this knowledge in interpretation, has been used in a descriptive and analytical way to answer the basic question of how much Persian-speaking commentators paid attention to morphological points in interpretations and used mere science? Therefore, the two interpretations of Majma 'al-Bayyan and Kashfah al-Asrar have been studied and analyzed with emphasis on the two explicit structures of the source Mimi and Mara. The results show that often these two interpretations have not paid much attention to the morphological implications of these two types of names. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The Government's Role in Preventing Computer Imposture in Cyberspace by Focusing Holy Quran
Atefeh Hosseini Fard Nafiseh Nekoui Mehr Mohammad Javad AbdollahiThe most important issue in contesting and confronting the cybercrimes is social prevention which are known as prevention strategies of computer penalties; according to this, the success of any politic is the attempt to family, confront the cyberspace. The present resea MoreThe most important issue in contesting and confronting the cybercrimes is social prevention which are known as prevention strategies of computer penalties; according to this, the success of any politic is the attempt to family, confront the cyberspace. The present research surveys and studies related theories to imposture as well as prevention applications and approaches and argues the most important social strategies in the field of cyberspace and finally it has been resulted out that the government should institutionalize the culture of cyberspace application in the society by emphasizing Quran Verses to pace toward decreasing computer penalties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - The dialectical dualities between the civilizations of the East and the West and their cultural predicate in thinking Amin Rihani
maryam hashemi masomh namatiThe dualism of East and West is one of the most frequently used expressions in modern and contemporary Arab discourse, and the problem of communication between them is perhaps the biggest problem the twentieth century world faced during the reign of Rihani and is still MoreThe dualism of East and West is one of the most frequently used expressions in modern and contemporary Arab discourse, and the problem of communication between them is perhaps the biggest problem the twentieth century world faced during the reign of Rihani and is still facing in the twenty-first century. On the one hand, the general principles and intellectual and cultural foundations of the West are based on humanity or human-centeredness. Industry, giving originality to the tool, belief in the principle of progress, and on the other hand, the characteristics of Eastern civilization and culture (and what is meant here from the East, the geographical area of the Arab countries, including the Arab world) are religiosity, belief in the unseen, practical adherence to religion and religious orders and traditions, and focus on God Almighty and not The exclusivity of the world in matter and the material world, the concern and emphasis on human happiness and the non-exclusivity of knowledge in empirical knowledge. This situation created a strange defect in Al-Rihani's thought. Therefore, the study seeks, using the descriptive-analytical method, to present the proposed solutions to Al-Rihani to remove this imbalance and create an interaction between the two civilizations by counting the advantages and disadvantages of each. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Manifestations of Commitment in the Poetry of the Arab Spring Revolutions in Egypt (Analytical review of selected samples)
askar babazadeh aghdam jamal talebii ghare gheshlaghi asma aljiaboushaiebAbstractCommitment in literature means that the poet or writer uses his intellectual and literary talent and ability in the service of his community, expresses the pains and sufferings, hopes and aspirations of his people in an honest language and away from affiliation MoreAbstractCommitment in literature means that the poet or writer uses his intellectual and literary talent and ability in the service of his community, expresses the pains and sufferings, hopes and aspirations of his people in an honest language and away from affiliation and prejudice against the party or political tendency. Special portrayed. This thinking is the essence of committed literature. Accordingly, the poetry of the 2011 Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt is considered a committed poem, and after the decline of this type of poetry in the past decades, it has criticized the most important political and social issues during the rule of Hosni Mubarak. The present article seeks to study and analyze the manifestations of commitment in the poetry of the Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt shortly before and after 2011 in the poems of famous poets such as Abd- al Moati Hejazi, Farouk Gouida and Abd al Rahman al-ashmavi and some other anonymous poets. One of the most important findings of the study is that political tyranny as well as social problems such as poverty and unemployment have been the main reasons for the revolution of the Egyptian people. Therefore, committed poets opposed tyranny by focusing on tyranny and lack of civil liberties, and challenged it because of corruption in the administrative and governmental system. They also addressed social problems such as poverty and unemployment because of their attachment to society, and did not forget the leading role of poetry in awakening and calling for revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - A comparative study of the novel Esfar Katban Khosravi and Koli Kanaar Atash Ranipour based on Genet's narratological theory
Mina Karami manejh fallahi Ali EskandariGérard Genet, a prominent structuralist narratologist, has presented a comprehensive plan for examining narrative texts. He five central categories of narrative; That is, he has analyzed order, continuity, facet, frequency and tone in examining his narrative. Thi MoreGérard Genet, a prominent structuralist narratologist, has presented a comprehensive plan for examining narrative texts. He five central categories of narrative; That is, he has analyzed order, continuity, facet, frequency and tone in examining his narrative. This research examines and compares the two novels Esfar Katban by Abu Torab Khosravi and Koli Kanaar Atash by Muniro Ravipour based on the narratological theory of Gérard Genet with a descriptive-analytical method. The result of this research shows that Abu Tarab Khosravi in Esfar Katban and Muniro Ravanpour in Koli Kanaar Atash have achieved time travel by using the method of returning to the past and entering the future. Both authors have addressed the importance of the incident in critical moments with repeated frequency and repetition of a narrative. In the novel Esfar Katban, the author has been more successful in telling his story due to the many time lapses, repeated frequencies and changes in the speed of the narration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Savior Effects in the utopia of contemporary Persian poets(Study in the opinions of three political currents)
mohamareza ziaae esmaiil eslamiAbstract The contemporary history of Iran witnessed many political and social events, especially in the twentieth century, and its echoes were reflected in contemporary literature, especially poetry, Contemporary poets tried to depict their virtuous city (Utopia) accor MoreAbstract The contemporary history of Iran witnessed many political and social events, especially in the twentieth century, and its echoes were reflected in contemporary literature, especially poetry, Contemporary poets tried to depict their virtuous city (Utopia) according to their political views and religious positions. Contemporary Iranian poets, in their virtuous city, placed part of their hopes and aspirations on the shoulders of the promised deliverer. Although there are similarities in the nature of the proselyte, we see differences in its attributes and characteristics. This study, depending on the descriptive and analytical methods, seeks to shed light on the views of a number of contemporary Iranian poets about the Savior in their utopian city by providing some examples and studying them, and comparing them with the three opinions of religious scholars to reveal the common and different denominators between them. One of the most important findings of the study is that there is rich material in contemporary Persian poetry about the promised deliverer, and that contemporary Iranian poets almost agree on the idea of waiting and the appearance of the deliverer, but they differ in the credibility of the deliverer. Some of them believed in Imam Mahdi, and some of them went in another direction, and looked for people with different characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Hafez and Sayyid Qutb
Jahangir Amiri Mohammad Fareqi ShadIn addition to the religious works, poets Divan in which most are sonnets, has been remained by Seyyid Qutb – contemporary scholar and Quran researcher. He was familiar with Hafez poetries and according to the Arabic translation of his poetry, he fell in love with MoreIn addition to the religious works, poets Divan in which most are sonnets, has been remained by Seyyid Qutb – contemporary scholar and Quran researcher. He was familiar with Hafez poetries and according to the Arabic translation of his poetry, he fell in love with Hafez’s and started praising him. This made him tend toward mystical poetries and being affected by Hafez, his poetry and his poetry. He knows Hafez’s as spiritual factor for Arabic poetry which rescues the poems of today’s philosophical and logical storm. Love in Sayyid Qutb’s poems exists so deep which mortal loves are not counted. The present paper studies common poetic concepts of Hafez and Sayyid Qutb’s poetries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The Cases of Necessity of Paying Khoms from the Viewpoint of Shia Jurisprudence
ali tahmasebipour hamid kavianifarAbstract Islam for the purpose of human purification, creation of equality and consolidation and maintenance of the society’s economical system and for the purpose of creation of utopia, has legislated some regulations which not only shorten the distances among r MoreAbstract Islam for the purpose of human purification, creation of equality and consolidation and maintenance of the society’s economical system and for the purpose of creation of utopia, has legislated some regulations which not only shorten the distances among rich and poor in the society, but also makes the life horizon for different classes even closer with regard to the wealth and material blessings. Khoms is one of the financial religious duties which is commanded by the supreme god to his servants. And in case that all the conditions are provided, every obliged person must pay that. Therefore, after allocation of the abovementioned financial duties on the shoulder of the obliged person, there shall be no right of possession; and necessarily he is obliged to distribute it among the people who deserve it. And about this necessity, just one case of delay up to one year for the purpose of deduction of the annual hoard of his wife and himself is permitted, and in other cases, this necessity is immediate, and there shall be no delay in its payment. On the strength of the verses of holy Koran and traditions of the infallible Imams, the payment of Khoms is obligatory for seven cases, including: spoils, mines, treasure, fishing materials, legal property mixed up with illegal property, growth of interest, the land which is bought by a rejected Kaffir from a Muslim.Keywords: Khoms, Khoms payment obligation cases, Shia Jurisprudence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The contracts depends on the intentions
احمد مرادخانی amir shamsAbstractThe nature of a contract is an intentional matter and without that, it is not ascertainable; in other words, intention is a part of the nature of contract and the substratum of the contract depends on the intention. The rule (the contracts depends on the intenti MoreAbstractThe nature of a contract is an intentional matter and without that, it is not ascertainable; in other words, intention is a part of the nature of contract and the substratum of the contract depends on the intention. The rule (the contracts depends on the intentions) is intended that when the contracts whether they are pecuniary or non-pecuniary, exchangeable or non- exchangeable, in fact, are the links and nexus of obligations and considerations which have been set between the offeror and acceptor and this matter is an intentional and material affair, so, as long as the parties have not intended the title of the contract, their considered contract will not be substantiated and the realization of the parties' considerations, positively or negatively, depend upon the parties' will and intention.Similarly to realize a bilateral legal act, mere voluntary declaration of one party is not sufficient but both parties' will must cooperate and coordinate in creating the contract. This coordination is available when what is thought for by one party, is intended the same by the other, otherwise, no contract is created. The voluntary declaration of two parties should be in accordance with external instance and applied with the contract and the nature of the instance and agreement of their intention.Keywords: intention, contract, unilateral legal act, subordination Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Rising Sun of Moonlit Nights according to Worship Jurisprudence of Imam Khomeini (RA)
علی شیرخانیKhomeini (RA) Abstract During moonlit nights, the horizontally widespread brilliance of dawn is not revealed for minutes thanks to the moon and existing illumination seen in the horizon; this goes in such a way that if there was no moon in the horizon, the widespread li MoreKhomeini (RA) Abstract During moonlit nights, the horizontally widespread brilliance of dawn is not revealed for minutes thanks to the moon and existing illumination seen in the horizon; this goes in such a way that if there was no moon in the horizon, the widespread light had to be seen in the shape of a tiny line. Since the sun approaches its rise instantly, it gives birth to this light; but due to presence of moon and luminous horizon, the widespread light of dawn is visible after about 20 minutes of delay. At dawn during moonlit nights if dawn is the beginning, though dawn is not seen due to strong appearance of moon and it has risen in destined dawn or that present dawn is the start seen with unarmed eyes across the horizon, although it has risen in destined dawn. Of course, the second idea demands a 20-minute delay. The noted jurisprudents approved of the first idea believing that there is a difference between non-moonlit nights and moonlit nights, but Imam Khomeini (ra) believes that the dawn light needs to be seen in the moonlit nights and the measure lies not within its actual and destined appearance; therefore, minutes have to be waited and after increased dawn light is possibly observed, morning prayer service needs to be upheld. Keywords: Dawn, Present Dawn, Destined Dawn, Moonlit Nights and Worship Jurisprudence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Effect of folic acid on catalepsy in reserpine –induced parkinsonian male rat model
Fatemeh Tayebi رامش احمدیAbstractIntroduction: Experimental evidence suggests that the folate deficiency and its consequent, the elevated homocysteine level ,can sensitize the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra to the environmental toxin, whereby it may increase the risk of Parkinson dise MoreAbstractIntroduction: Experimental evidence suggests that the folate deficiency and its consequent, the elevated homocysteine level ,can sensitize the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra to the environmental toxin, whereby it may increase the risk of Parkinson disease. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder with symptoms such as rest tremor, muscle stiffness, paucity of voluntary movements, and postural instability. Regarding the neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of the folic acid, purpose of this study was to determine the effect of folic acid on motor activity (catalpsy) in Parkinson model of rats with using the bar-test. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Experimental model of Parkinson's disease was induced by intraperitoneal injection of reserpine. Each of animals in the folic acid groups was given folic acid(5 mg / kg, i.p) every day. Then all groups were evaluated by the bar-test.Results: The results showed that this dose of the folic acid (5 mg / kg) for a week significantly(p <0/05) improves the catalepsy in the rats model of Parkinson's disease.Conclusion: It can be said that folic acid improves catalepsy in Rats Model of Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - study of the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic and hydro -alcoholic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia plant from Qom region
Gholam Reza NajafiIn this exmperimental study, the stem of Euphorbia helioscopia plant was gathered from the Tinoj village of Qom in the end of the spring 1392. The extract-making on the Euphorbia helioscopia plant was performed by different solvents and use of Soxhlet system and the soa MoreIn this exmperimental study, the stem of Euphorbia helioscopia plant was gathered from the Tinoj village of Qom in the end of the spring 1392. The extract-making on the Euphorbia helioscopia plant was performed by different solvents and use of Soxhlet system and the soaking method. extract was performed by solvents such as methanol ,ethanol , hexane ,distilled water and water-ethanol. Anti-microbial activity of this plant identified by measuring the inhibition halo diameter and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for levels: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonellatyphi, Candida albicans and by method of Plait sump and diluting in cultivate liquid environment, respectively. According to performed study , it can be concluded that extracts of the stem of Euphorbia helioscopia plant has the high anti-bacterial activity. Methanol extracts soaking and ethanol extracts soxhelt have most antimicrobial effect .according to performed research, it can be concluded that extracts of stalk of Euphorbia helioscopia have relatively highest antimicrobial activity. Keywords: Euphorbia helioscopia, ant-microbe, MIC, extract Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Study Kalamin D and Benzocaien on Tirosinas enzyme activity by Lineviverberg
Ali reza farrokh reyhane sariri Nikoo NasoohiTyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of melani pigments has a special place. It is a metaloenzyme containing copper ions that catalyses two distinct reactions in the pathway of melanin biosynthesis. The monophenolase activity leads to hydroxylation of phe MoreTyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of melani pigments has a special place. It is a metaloenzyme containing copper ions that catalyses two distinct reactions in the pathway of melanin biosynthesis. The monophenolase activity leads to hydroxylation of phenylalanin and the oxidation of 3, 4 dihydroxy phenylalanin to O-dopaquinon is through its diphenolase activity. Inhibitors and activators of the enzyme has a wide variety of effects on human health as well as in industrial applications. Considering the importance of pigments in human skin and hair and the role of tyrosinase in the production of melanin pigments, in the present research three important skin medications were selected for their effect on tyrosinase activity. In practical section, the enzyme was first extracted from banana skin followed by its characterization. The kinetic parameters were then investigated in the presence and absence of benzocaein, zinc oxide and kojic acid and the Michaelis Menton as well as Linweaver Burk plots were obtained. The results indicated that tyrosinase extracted from banana skin is similar to mushroom tyrosinase and its optimum temperature is higher than known tyrosinases. Therefore, by bearing in mind its low priced source, it can be recommended as an alternative to the commercial enzyme from mushroom. The results also showed that all three medicines were un-competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase. They reduced the maximum rate, Vmax of enzymatic reaction with no effect on Km. The highest inhibitory activity was obtained for zinc oxide Keywords: Tyrosinase, banana wastes, benzocaein, kojic acid, zinc oxide Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Possibility replacement of peat - perlite - sand with Azolla compost in growing media (Pedilanthus tithymaloides)
Jalal Omidi سمانه عبدالمحمدی مهدی بخشی پور میثم شیخ پورAbstract In order to investigate the effect of Azolla compost on vegetative characteristics of ornamental plants, Pedilanthus tithymaloides was selected as a model plant. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in five treatments an MoreAbstract In order to investigate the effect of Azolla compost on vegetative characteristics of ornamental plants, Pedilanthus tithymaloides was selected as a model plant. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in five treatments and three replications in the Advanced Greenhouse of the Research Institute of Biotechnology, Rasht. The Growing media control of this study, peat-perlite-sand, was considered 1: 1: 1 ratio, and the compost Azolla was replaced by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% volumes. The treatments consisted of: Azolla compost + 100% Peat-perlite-sand (control), Azolla compost + 75% Peat-perlite-sand, 50% Azolla compost + 50% Peat-Pearlite-Sand, 75% Azolla compost + 25% Peat-perlite-sand and 100% Azolla compost + 0% Peat-perlite-sand. In this experiment, growth indices, including number of leaves, number of buds, length of bud, fresh and dry weight of stem, fresh and dry weight of root were measured. The results showed that replacing Azolla compost levels had a significant effect on leaves number, length of bud, fresh and dry weight of stem, fresh and dry weight of root. Comparison of the substrate used showed that replacement of 25% Azolla compost in the Growing media had the most effect on Pedilanthus plant growth indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by a native Halotolerant Actinomycete strain Isolated from Soils Qom, Iran
sheida nadernia soheil Aghaei Mohammad Ali GasemzadehAbstract Background:In recent years, ability of microorganisms to synthesize nanoparticles of various sizes, shapes and morphologies, has gained extreme attentions. the point of this study is Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by a native Halotolerant Actinomycete str MoreAbstract Background:In recent years, ability of microorganisms to synthesize nanoparticles of various sizes, shapes and morphologies, has gained extreme attentions. the point of this study is Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by a native Halotolerant Actinomycete strain Isolated from Soils of Saline Lake Qom Materials & methods: In the present study, synthesis and characterization, of silver nanoparticles from native isolate of halotolerant Actinomycete strain has been reported. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by adding the dried biomass of halotolerant actinomycete isolate with 10-3M of nitrate solution adjusted pH 7.2 and in M9 liquid medium. Silver nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (UV-VIS) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR), beam X Ray Diffraction(XRD), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and imaging with Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Results:The results obtained from ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (UV-VIS) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR) and beam X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Of the halotolerant actinomycetes strains, the isolate NO.3 was able produce silver nanoparticles under different environmental conditions. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and imaging with Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) showed that the average size of silver nanoparticles obtained 28 to100 nm. The results indicated that production of silver nanoparticles was extracellular. Conclusion:The results showed that the native halotolerant actinomycete strains can synthesize silver nanoparticles under different environmental conditions . Keywords: silver nanoparticles, Biosynthesis, halotolerant actinomycetes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Determination of bacterial contamination and evaluation of their antibiotic resistance in different parts of the Hazrat Masoumeh hospital in Qom City
maryam sadeghi Seyed Soheil AghaiiAbstract:Currently, microbial contamination in different parts of hospitals with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance are the most important factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and ide MoreAbstract:Currently, microbial contamination in different parts of hospitals with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance are the most important factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify contaminating bacteria in medical and non-medical equipment in Hazrate Masoumeh hospital Qom city (May-August2017). Methods: Sampling was done from oncology, infectious, ICU and NICU sections using sterile swabs and transfer in BHI broth. Then collected samples were streaked on Nutrient agar and incubated at 37° C for 24 h .The isolates were identified with phenotypic and biochemical standard tests. Antibiotic resistance of isolates was performed using agar disk diffusion method due to CLSI standards. Result: Out of 84 samples, 77 samples had bacterial contamination and 127 strains were isolated. The prevalence of bacterial isolates were Bacillus subtilis (18.59%), Bacillus cereus (13.18%), Pseudomonas (11.63%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis(11.62%) and Corynebacterium sp. (10.55%), respectively. Among of isolated strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, had more than antibiotic resistance. The most antibiotic resistance was obtained for penicillin. The most isolates were sensitive to Amikacin ، Gentamycin، Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens with multi drug resistant characteristic in nosocomial infections and hospital contamination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Investigating and Analyzing the Role of Dialogue Structure and Content in the Process of Siavash's Story
Elham Azadeh Ranjbar Hossein Bayat Naser Qoli Sarli Bahadur BagheriThe subject of the present article is the study and analysis of the narrative element of dialogue in Siavash's story. The story begins with a conversation between Toos and Giv, who has found Siavash's mother, and ends with a conversation between Siavash and Pilsem, the MoreThe subject of the present article is the study and analysis of the narrative element of dialogue in Siavash's story. The story begins with a conversation between Toos and Giv, who has found Siavash's mother, and ends with a conversation between Siavash and Pilsem, the elder brother, who asks him to convey his message to the elders. Therefore, Siavash's story is basically dialogue-based and all the information that the story is supposed to provide to the reader is transmitted to him through dialogue. In addition to this dialogue, in relation to other elements of the story, its different functions reveals. Ferdowsi uses it to describe and introduce the characters of the story. Shows narrative actions and conflicts, indirectly presents its idealistic thoughts to the audience. It objectifies mental phenomena, points tothe psychological problem of mental connection and language, and shows in practice that the functions of dialogue cannot and should not be neglected in the study of the story. The data of this research are provided through library studies and after classification, they are described using analytical method. This research shows more than anything that Ferdowsi, as a storyteller, not only knows the elements of the story, but is also more aware of how they work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Prediction of the Trace Amounts of Atomoxetine in Biological Samples using optimized solvent bar microextraction technique coupled with HPLC-UV
Nasim Faridi Nahid Ghasemi Mahnaz Qomi Majid Ramezani -
Open Access Article
184 - Explaining barriers to underdevelopment with emphasis on socio-cultural development with GT approach (Case study: Bilesvar city)
ghader dolatkhah Tahereh Mirsardoo abdolreza adhamiThe present article explains the obstacles to the underdevelopment of the city of Bilesvar by emphasizing socio-cultural development and the understanding and interpretation of the people involved and natives of this region of development. The study method of this resea MoreThe present article explains the obstacles to the underdevelopment of the city of Bilesvar by emphasizing socio-cultural development and the understanding and interpretation of the people involved and natives of this region of development. The study method of this research is qualitative and grounded theory has been used to analyze and present the data. In this research, observational and documentary information was collected by the researcher and interview information was provided with 14 university professors, managers and experts in the social and cultural areas of the city have been collected. To determine the interviewees, qualitative-purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation logic were used. Based on the findings, the causal conditions of this study were identified as ethnic and tribal context, lack of elitism, dependence on government and weakness of social capital. Ecological problems and low investment are also classified in terms of inpatient or underlying conditions. Unbalanced development, which includes other categories, was abstracted as the core category of this study, and conflict with the status quo and adaptation to the prevailing conditions as a category of interaction or strategy that perpetuates underdevelopment, poor quality of life and migration, consequences of such actions and reactions. The results of data analysis of the present study and the proposed background model show that the people of Bilesvar interpret the causes of underdevelopment as uneven and uncoordinated development that these unbalanced elements in general and along with each other have caused the phenomenon. Keywords: development, underdevelopment, socio-cultural barriers, Bilesvar city Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Designing a marketing model in the community based on customer experience in nature tourism in Mazandaran province
golnar shojaei Mahboubeh Naderi DoustAbstractThe purpose of this study is to design a design model for the customer experience in nature tourism in Mazandaran province. The statistical population of the study includes operators, tourism researchers and tourists who travel to different areas in Mazandaran p MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to design a design model for the customer experience in nature tourism in Mazandaran province. The statistical population of the study includes operators, tourism researchers and tourists who travel to different areas in Mazandaran province for nature tourism. The components have been identified through the literature and the Delphi technique has been used to screen the components. The Delphi questionnaire was screened in 3 rounds by tourism visitors. In the second step, we use the ISM (structural-interpretive) technique to level the components and identify the effective components. The results of the research indicate that in the first step, according to the Delphi technique in a model for customer experience, 3 dimensions and 11 components have been determined by. Three dimensions include factors related to customer experience, individual factors and environmental factors. In the second step in the structural-interpretive technique, the components are placed on 4 levels. According to the dependence-influence analysis, the components of political and economic factors have been identified as the most influential and key components in comparison models for expert experience in nature tourism in Mazandaran province.Keywords: customer experience, nature tourism, marketing Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Development of Geotourism in the southeast caspian seaboard with special view on mud volcanoes
Parvaneh Rezaei Rouzbahani -
Open Access Article
187 - The Potential of Agh-Ghala geological site and its Role in sustainable tourism development
Parvaneh Rezaei Rouzbahani -
Open Access Article
188 - Comparison of the effect of family resiliency training and selected sports exercises (Qigong exercises) on depression of mothers of children with cancer
Omm-e Leyli SaeedpanahAbstractDiagnosis of cancer in children is considered as a psychological and emotional crisis for parents, especially mothers, as the main elements in providing services and care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of family resilience education MoreAbstractDiagnosis of cancer in children is considered as a psychological and emotional crisis for parents, especially mothers, as the main elements in providing services and care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of family resilience education and selected sports exercises qigong) on mothers of cancer child due to depression.The present research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) using two experimental groups and a control group. 45 mothers with cancer children in Tabriz Children's Hospital in April 2022 who had 1 standard deviation above the average in the Beck Depression Inventory were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). For the first group of family resilience training) 9 sessions; One-hour sessions per week) and for the second group qigong exercises (9 sessions; one-week sessions, 30 to 40 minutes) were performed, and the control group did not receive any training. All subjects filled out the Beck Depression Inventory (short form) before and after the training. Univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.The results showed that the mean scores of depression of mothers with cancer children in the family resilience training group compared to the qigong training group and in the qigong training group compared to the control group in the post-test decreased significantly (p <0.05).The results showed that family resilience education is more effective in reducing depression in mothers with children with cancer than qigong exercises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm Develpoment using Chaotic Maps to Design of a Planar Microstrip Monopole Antenna
Vahid Hosseini Yousef Farhang Kambiz Majidzadeh Changiz GhobadiThis study uses a novel multi-objective optimization algorithm for designing a planar microstrip monopole antenna that meets specialized electromagnetic requirements. The algorithm incorporates a Modified Genetic Algorithm (MGA) with a Customized Mutated PSO (CM-PSO) al MoreThis study uses a novel multi-objective optimization algorithm for designing a planar microstrip monopole antenna that meets specialized electromagnetic requirements. The algorithm incorporates a Modified Genetic Algorithm (MGA) with a Customized Mutated PSO (CM-PSO) algorithm, utilizing a hybrid chaotic function to evade trapping local minima and achieve anticipated results more rapidly than clasical PSO and GAs. The proposed metaheuristic algorithm has been successfully simulated and stabilized using Benchmark Functions (BFs) including Booth's function (BF), Rosenbrook's function (RoF), Ackley's function (AF), and Rastrigen's function (RaF) and its validity for electromagnetic applications is demonstrated by optimizing a planar microstrip monopole antenna. The algorithm allows customization of optimization criteria to achieve predetermined results for S_11 and resonance frequency. Indeed, S_11 is set to be less than -10 dB in the frequency band of 3.3 to 3.8 GHz and -40 dB at the resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz with 5th generation telecommunication applications. In this research, MATLAB used to determine necessary parameter settings and the CST simulator software employed for high frequency and electromagnetic simulations. The dimensions of the antenna elements significantly impact the antenna's performance and are critical input parameters for the algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Investigating the effect of managers' emotional intelligence on liquidity risk
Nazanin Yadegari Ali LalbarAbstractCash is one of the important and vital resources of any economic unit. Controlling risks related to cash or liquidity risk, due to its high importance for the survival of the business unit, should always be considered by the management in financial decisions. Th MoreAbstractCash is one of the important and vital resources of any economic unit. Controlling risks related to cash or liquidity risk, due to its high importance for the survival of the business unit, should always be considered by the management in financial decisions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of managers' emotional intelligence on liquidity risk. This research is a correlational descriptive research in terms of its purpose. The research community includes all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2022 and the managers of these companies. In order to analyze the data, first the pre-tests of Jarek Bara, DK Folder unit root, White's test, Durbin-Watson and Pearson's correlation coefficient were performed and then to test the research hypotheses, the multiple regression test was used with the help of Eviuz software. According to the data analysis, the results indicated that managers' emotional intelligence, managers' self-awareness, managers' self-regulation, managers' self-motivation, managers' empathy and managers' social skills have an effect on companies' liquidity risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Theoretical investigations on the interactions of some drug fragments with guanine and adenine nucleic acid: DFT method, AIM analysis and NBO calculations
Hossein Azizi Toupkanloo Zoha RahmaniDensity functional theory (DFT), the atoms in molecule (AIM) theory, and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were employed to investigate the π-π stacking interactions between some popular drug fragments (DF) including indole (I), benzothiophene (Bt) benzofuran (B MoreDensity functional theory (DFT), the atoms in molecule (AIM) theory, and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were employed to investigate the π-π stacking interactions between some popular drug fragments (DF) including indole (I), benzothiophene (Bt) benzofuran (Bf) and guanine (G), adenine (A). Several stable conformers of present molecules and complexes were optimized at the M062X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The result shows that the IG1 and IA6 has the maximum interaction energy in all of the two G-based and A-based conformers; and order of the adsorption strength is IG1 > BtG6 > BfG1 for G-based complexes and IA6 > BtA6 > BfG6, for A-based complexes. Furthermore, our results show that DFT calculated interaction energies for all present conformers, were found to be in a good agreement with the AIM analysis. In contrast, there is no reasonable linear correlation were observed between NBO analysis and stability of the all studied conformers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Conformational analysis of For-L-Ser-L-Ala-NH2 protected dipeptide using quantum calculations: A DFT study
Behzad Chahkandi Rezvan Mohammad Abadi Mehdi NekoeiIIn this study conformational analysis of HCO-Ser-Ala-NH2 dipeptide were performed using DFT method at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. For this purpose 54 conformations of serine-alanine protected dipeptide that derived from varying the backbone and sidechain dihedr MoreIIn this study conformational analysis of HCO-Ser-Ala-NH2 dipeptide were performed using DFT method at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. For this purpose 54 conformations of serine-alanine protected dipeptide that derived from varying the backbone and sidechain dihedral angles ( and ), were optimized. Then by using frequency calculations at the same level of calculations the stable conformers and thermodynamic values were obtained. Of the 54 considered conformations in this research, 35 conformations were found and 19 conformers were not found. Those that were not found have converged to a different geometry of lower energy and greater stability. Among 35 found conformers the and have the lowest and highest relative energy respectively, therefore are the most stable and unstable conformers respectively. The relative energy of is 14.64 kcalmol-1. The migration pattern show that of the 19 not found conformers with and general structures, migration to is more favorable. Keywords: Dipeptide model; For-Ser-Ala-NH2; Ramachandran plot; sidechain; DFT. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Structural study of a new copper complex using experimental method and quantum calculations and its application in the synthesis of pyranopyrimidines as catalyst
sadegh allameh Raheleh Omidinia S. Ali Beyramabadi Ali Morsali Mehdi pordelAbstract Piranopirimidine deivatives have the structure like uracil and Some of them have biological and medicinal activities. In this research for the first time, a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of a number of pyrano[2,3-d]pyri MoreAbstract Piranopirimidine deivatives have the structure like uracil and Some of them have biological and medicinal activities. In this research for the first time, a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of a number of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines using a new copper(II) complex based on vitamin B6-derived Schiff base Has been reported. A number of methods reported for the synthesis of these compounds have many disadvantages such as long reaction time, low yield and drastic reaction conditions. This three-component synthesis includes condensation of barbituric acid, malononitrile, and aromatic aldehydes. The Schiff base that used as ligand to prepare the catalyst in this reaction has four differrent tautomers, and quantum calculations showed that the OHOH tautomer in the methanol solvent was more stable tha the others and the copper complex is based on this tautomer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Investigation and analysis of the themes and effects of the horse in Bafghi's Bafghi Diwan
neda yansAllegory is one of the important literary types, which has always been the focus of poets and orators, because it expresses the thoughts, identity and culture of nations. Poets and writers have used the allegorical approach of animals to express their goals. The aim of MoreAllegory is one of the important literary types, which has always been the focus of poets and orators, because it expresses the thoughts, identity and culture of nations. Poets and writers have used the allegorical approach of animals to express their goals. The aim of the research is to carefully examine the examples and allegorical effects of the horse in Bafaghi's Wild Court. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to answer the question that in what cases did Bakhti Bafqi use the allegory of the horse in his court? The results show that the poet made an allegory of the love story of Farhad and Shirin and Khosrow and Shirin with the help of the word horse. In addition, it has an allegory to the story of the ascension of the great Prophet to the throne.In addition, it has an allegory to the story of the ascension of the great Prophet to the throne. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Prediction of Internet Addiction,Based on Emotional Intelligence Among Isfahan University Students
nasim jafari maryam fatehizadeThe aim of this research was to investigate the predictive role of emotional intelligence in internet addiction among Isfahan university students. This is a multiple correlation research. The statistical population included students of Isfahan university of Iran. The MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the predictive role of emotional intelligence in internet addiction among Isfahan university students. This is a multiple correlation research. The statistical population included students of Isfahan university of Iran. The randomly selected training samples included 71 students (36 girls and 35 boys). Assessment instrument consisted of Internet Addiction Test Young (1998) and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Petrides and Furnham (2001). The gathered data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and regression methods. The results showed that there were correlations (r=-0.54) between internet addiction and emotional intelligence (P < 0.001) and emotional intelligence can predict 29% of internet addiction (P < 0.001) . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The Effect of Relaxation and Gradual Stress Removal Accompanied by Biofeedback on the Anxiety of the Students
علیرضا حیدرئی سارا ساعدیThe Purpose of this study was determining the effect of relaxation and gradual stress removal accompanied by biofeedback on the anxiety of students. The research method was three groups of pretest – posttest experimental design and the statistical population was the A MoreThe Purpose of this study was determining the effect of relaxation and gradual stress removal accompanied by biofeedback on the anxiety of students. The research method was three groups of pretest – posttest experimental design and the statistical population was the Ahvaz university students with high anxiety, among whom 60 persons were selected via random sampling and then randomly assigned into three groups of 20 persons (two groups of experimental, included relaxation and gradual stress removal with biofeedback groups) and control group. The measurement instrument was Cattlle Anxiety Questionnaire (Cattlle, 1958) and GSR Biofeedback (Khodadadi, 1373). Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results showed that there are significant differences between experimental and control groups concerning anxiety reduction (P < 0.001). Also results revealed that there is no significant difference between relaxation and gradual stress removal with biofeedback on anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - The comparison of Fernald and Davis Method on reading performance in the dyslexic student
tahere heidari arezoo sfahmive ahmad abedi mansoore bahramipoorThe purpose of this study was to comparison effectiveness of Davis and Fernald methods on reading performance of dyslexia in third elementary school students. Participants were 45 students (15 students that received Fernald method, 15 students that received Davis method MoreThe purpose of this study was to comparison effectiveness of Davis and Fernald methods on reading performance of dyslexia in third elementary school students. Participants were 45 students (15 students that received Fernald method, 15 students that received Davis method and15 students in control group) who were randomly selected and received 10 sessions individual intervention and control group received no intervention. Experimental design with pre-test and post-test was used. The assessment tools included Reading and Dyslexia Test (RDT), Wechsler's Intelligence scale for Children (WISC-IV) Wechsler's and Recognition Learning Disability Children Checklist. The pre-test and post-test were administered to both the experimental and control groups. The results of covariance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of reading test in the experimental and the control groups in the post test (p < 0.001). Also, the results of pair wise comparison of groups showed that there was significant difference between the mean scores of Davis and Fernald groups in the post test (p < 0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - The Study of the Factorial Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Auckland Individualism-Collectivism Scale
abbas shakiba fateme bahrami zabihollah kave farsaniThe objective of this study was to obtain a factorial structure for the Auckland Individualism- Collectivism Scale (AICS), among Iranian students. A correlation method was employed with a sample of graduate students. Participants were 274 graduate students of Isfahanu MoreThe objective of this study was to obtain a factorial structure for the Auckland Individualism- Collectivism Scale (AICS), among Iranian students. A correlation method was employed with a sample of graduate students. Participants were 274 graduate students of Isfahanuniversity, who were selected through convenience sampling. They answered the 26-item version of the AICS. Data was analyzed through explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis and the Cronbach alpha of internal consistency. The explanatory factor analysis of 26 items yielded 5 clear factors and the examination of the 5 factor model by confirmatory factor analysis showed the best fit with the data, the Cronbach alpha as 0.81-0.93 of AICS factors was estimated and it was acceptable. The Auckland Individualism- Collectivism Scale could be used as a valid and reliable instrument in later Iranian psychological & psycho-sociological research . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - The relationship between the five-factor Personality traits and the Emotional intelligence of male and female university students
Mohammad saeed AhmadiAbstract The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and emotional intelligence of university students. Research method was correlation, and statistical population included Miane university students in the scho MoreAbstract The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and emotional intelligence of university students. Research method was correlation, and statistical population included Miane university students in the school year 2011-12, among them 380 persons from different majors (226 female students and 154 male students) were selected by cluster random sampling method. The assessment tools included the 60-short form question of personality traits of NEO (NEO PI-R,1992) Questionnaire and Bar-on EQ test(1997) which consisted of 90 item. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis. Results showed significant positive relationship between extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness with emotional intelligence (P>0.01), But there was a significant negative relationship between neuroticism and emotional intelligence (P>0.01). Also there were not significant different between males and females EQ (P>0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that there were personality traits can significantly predict the emotional intelligence (P>0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Comparison of the effectiveness of teaching by mastering learning methods Meaningful learning and intelligent learning on basic mathematical concepts of second grade male elementary students in Isfahan
mohammadreza ghasemi Maryam Chorami reza ahmadi ahmad ghazanfariAbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mastery learning, meaningful learning and e-learning on the basic mathematical concepts of second grade male students in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test, post-test and follow MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mastery learning, meaningful learning and e-learning on the basic mathematical concepts of second grade male students in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group). The statistical population of this study included all second grade elementary students in Isfahan with a total number of approximately 65,000 students in the academic year 1399-1399. The sample size was selected based on pre-test, post-test and follow-up methods with a control group of 200 students. Four areas were randomly selected by stepwise cluster sampling method, and were divided into 4 groups of 25 people.The three groups of learning in a mastery, meaningful and intelligent way, in addition to participating in their normal classes such as the control group, each received their own intervention. The research tool was a test of basic mathematical concepts. Before and after the sessions, the basic math concepts test was taken from the control group and all 3 educational groups, and after two months, follow-up was performed. Analysis of covariance was used for analysis and the groups were compared in terms of post-test and follow-up. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Investigating Iranian EFL Instructor Evaluation Scheme from End-Users’ Perspective: Self-Evaluation vs. Students’ Ratings
Fateme Naderian Azizeh Chalak Ahmad Ali Foroughi Hossein Heidari Tabrizi -
Open Access Article
202 - The Analysis of Effective Features in EducationalPrograms in the Agricultural Sector
Mohammad Ali Nadi Narges KeshtiaraY Ramezan Jahanian Mozhgani Arefi Shahin Raz Masoud Salimi Arsalan. ErajiRad. Nozhatozamani Moshfeghi AliReza Uosefi Fariba Karimi Seyed Ali t Siyadat Shahram Shahbazi Hamideh GoharanAbstract Executing different educational programs with respect to the structure and tasks of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad in order to update the knowledge and skills of staff is one of the primary tasks of the Research and Education Organization. This study ai MoreAbstract Executing different educational programs with respect to the structure and tasks of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad in order to update the knowledge and skills of staff is one of the primary tasks of the Research and Education Organization. This study aims at analyzing and formulating effective features in educational programs in the agricultural sector. In so doing, the following two questions about formulating effective features in educational programs in the agricultural sector were asked of the teaching and research staff and educational experts of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. 1. What are the effective features of educational programs in agricultural sector? 2. Which of the identified features to promote the effectivity of the presented model of educational programs are of more importance? This research is descriptive and survey – based. The statistical community, a total of 383 people, were the teaching /research staff, instructors, educational directors, and experts o the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. Data – collection and measurement tools at this study were researcher – tailored. Data analysis was conducted on two levels of descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t– tests, multi – variable regression, and path analysis diagram). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - A Study of the Amount of Applying Teaching Effectiveness Criteria in Khorasgan Islamic Azad University from the Veiw point of Students in 2006-2007
Bahare Endaleb GholamReza AhmadiAbstract The present study aims to investigate Khorasgan Islamic Azad University students' outlook about the extent to which their professors enlist such teaching effectiveness criteria (as lesson planning, implementation of teaching, classroom management, human rel MoreAbstract The present study aims to investigate Khorasgan Islamic Azad University students' outlook about the extent to which their professors enlist such teaching effectiveness criteria (as lesson planning, implementation of teaching, classroom management, human relations, assessment, and optimal personality traits). To achive such end, a descriptive-survey research design was utilized. The target population comprised all senior students studying at this college of psychology and educational sciences, basic sciences, and agriculture. From the population, a sample of 165 students were randomly selected using the proportional stratified sampling method. A researcher-developed questionnaire with 41 five-option multiple choice questions fitted into the Likert scale was then employed for collecting the related data. The reliability of the questionaire was 0.89 which was calculated by Chronbach's alpha coefficient formula. While descriptive statistics was used to measure such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard of deviation values, inferential statistical techniques such as dependent t-test, independent t-test, one-variable t-test, ANOVA, t-hoteling and Tukey test were employed for analyzing and interpreting data. The findings revealed that the mean values obtained on the six variables under investigation for the professors teaching at the related colleges were 3.66,3.13,3.56,3.13,3.24 and respectively. As can be seen, only the mean value related to the classroom management variable is way above the specified average value. Overall, it was concluded that the teaching effectiveness of all professors in question has been average and that the professors' performance with all research questions has been meaningful for the three target colleges involved in the study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Developing a Model to Explain and Predict of Academic Achievement Based on Psychological Basic Needs and Motivation of Academic Achievement
Heshmat olah Mahmodi Nasr Ollah Erfani Hossein MohagheghiThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction and achievement motivation with students’ academic achievement. Through correlation study of structural equation modeling selected 248 students in the first grade o MoreThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction and achievement motivation with students’ academic achievement. Through correlation study of structural equation modeling selected 248 students in the first grade of secondary schools in Asadabad city by using cluster multiple stage sampling. To check tools validity, used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and to ensure reliability used Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The coefficient reliability of psychological basic needs questionnaire was 0.77 and for academic achievement motivation was 0.78. Results show that the model has goodness of fit with data. Direct effects of amotivation on academic achievement, autonomy on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and competence on the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation was significant. Total effect of competence on academic achievement was significant. Based on the developed model, psychological basic needs, and academic achievement motivation could have explain 33 percent of the variance of academic achievement. Therefor, it can be concluded that achievement motivation (amotivation) has mediating role between psychological basic needs, and academic achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Pathology teaching the Persian language from the perspective of high school teachers and students Kurdish city Songhor and Koliaie and provide solutions.
samad mohammadi abbas shekari seyed ahmad madaniThe aim of this study pathologies Persian language training based on the view, the curriculum is multicultural and bilingualism issues. The research method research designs blended (hybrid) and the anatomical approach and in terms of functional purpose. The population c MoreThe aim of this study pathologies Persian language training based on the view, the curriculum is multicultural and bilingualism issues. The research method research designs blended (hybrid) and the anatomical approach and in terms of functional purpose. The population consisted of 160 teachers and 4023 students And a statistical sample of 113 teachers and 354 high school students Kurdish city's Songhor and Koliaie That the multi-stage cluster sampling method. And were selected based on Krejcie & Morgan table. Research tools: a) a self-made questionnaire for surveying attitudes of students and teachers (including 21 closed-answer questions) about damage to culture, knowledge, competence & attitude is. B) Semi-structured individual interviews With 20 Educational authorities and teachers of sample Purposive sampling method were selected. Validity of the questionnaire. Based on coefficient. Cronbach's alpha. For teachers and for students 76/0 75/0. Estimated. And content and face validity of the questionnaire and interview questions with opinion of experts and professors of the Department of Educational Sciences at acceptable levels. In analyzing the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency distribution, mean, frequency and single-sample T-test) were used. Results showed that the Persian language training, students learning in areas of knowledge, attitude, ability is faced with disorder and cultural issues The students away from cultural identity And neglect of the native language. The data showed that most damage learning and training, respectively, relates to the field of knowledge and attitude. Therefore, to reduce the damage bilingual students and the establishment of justice education and training multicultural curriculum that is appropriate to the particular multicultural countries such as Iran, the education system is dominant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - A Survey of High School Teachersâ Knowledge of Fundamentals Curriculum Development and Learning Principles
Hossein Jan Daeezadeh ALi Shariatmadari Ezatollah Naderi Maryam Saif NaraghiAbstract The goal of this survey is to investigate high school teachers’ knowledge of the fundamentals of curriculum development and learning strategies and delivering proper patterns to improve their knowledge and skills. The survey was done as a field research and MoreAbstract The goal of this survey is to investigate high school teachers’ knowledge of the fundamentals of curriculum development and learning strategies and delivering proper patterns to improve their knowledge and skills. The survey was done as a field research and the researcher collected the data from high school teachers in Mazandaran Province in 2006-2007 . Statistical samples were 360 teachers, chosen randomly to analyze the data, in descriptive and deductive statistics, frequency distribution, frequency percentage, average puzzles and also Chi-square test, F-test and Z-test using SPSS software. The most important results of the survey were: high school teachers’ awareness of fundamentals of curriculum development and learning principles was lower than average. The average grade of assessment test of high school teachers’ awareness of fundamentals of curriculum development and learning principles was 10.89 (from 20 ) and among the averages based on different variances such as gender, degree, field of study and 10-19 year of working, there was a meaningful difference. The Highest average grades referred to the group of educational sciences teachers with MA. degrees and working years, and the least average grades refer to the group of basic sciences teachers with BA. degree and working of 20-29 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - An Investigation on Causes of Academic Achievement in Girls Versus Boys in Khorasan's Provinces (Northren, Southren and Razavi)
فوزیه حسینی طباطبایی ملک محمد قدیمی مقدمAbstract The purpose of this research was to find the causes of academic achievement in girls versus boys. The research design was EX-Post Facto method. The statistic community of the research includes all students of guidance and secondary schools of three province MoreAbstract The purpose of this research was to find the causes of academic achievement in girls versus boys. The research design was EX-Post Facto method. The statistic community of the research includes all students of guidance and secondary schools of three provinces (Southern, Northern and Razavi Khorasan) consisting of totally 753464 students (385612 males and 367852 females). The sample volume determined students (432 males and 421 females) according to Krejcie and Morgan Formula, chosen by cluster sampling. Three questionnaires were used to gather data: The Cooper Smith standard questionnaire and two researcher-made questionnaires on attitude towards education, and academic achievement motive. Reliability of these questionnaires were 0.87,0.92,0.86 and respectively. The data were analyzed using T-test and correlation coefficient. Findings showed that academic achievement motive in girls was more than boys, and their attitude towards education was more positive than boys. But there was no significant difference in self-confidence between the boys and girls. The high school students were better in these variables than the guidance school students. Also, results showed that there was positive correlation among these factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - The Effect of Higher Education and University on Iranian Women Achievement
Ramazan HassanzadehAbstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of higher education and university on Iranian women achievement in different dimensions such as academic, cultural, social, and economic. In present study research method was descriptive. The sample consiste MoreAbstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of higher education and university on Iranian women achievement in different dimensions such as academic, cultural, social, and economic. In present study research method was descriptive. The sample consisted of 252 women (138 graduates,89 students and 25 faculty member of Islamic Azad University-Mazandaran) randomly selected from the general population. Participants were requested to complete a structured questionnaire consisting of 20 items. Questionnaire was designed on the basis of five-scale measurement of Likert. The subjects should tick one of the following choices: strongly agree(5) , agree (4), neutral(3) , disagree(2) , strongly disagree(1) . The range of the marks given in the questionnaire was for 20 minimum and 100 for maximum. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were established using a panel of. A Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.89 was obtained of the questionnaire in a pilot study with 40 subjects. In this research four hypotheses were tested. Results revealed that: 1)Higher education and university have effect on academic achievement in women (t=83.59,p < 0.05).2) higher education and university have effect on sociocultural achievement in women (t=38.93,p < 0.05).3) higher education and university have effect on economic achievement in women (t=72.05,p < 0.05) .4) Effect of higher education and university is different between academic, sociocultural, and economic achievement in women (f=640.93,p < 0.05) . However, the evidence clearly shows a clear role of higher education and university on Iranian women achievement and success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - An Investigation of the Method of Making High School Students Familiar With Their Citizenship Rights
AbdolReza Sepyani Zohreh saadatmand Fariba KarimiAbstract The aim of the present study was to find ways to make high school boy and girl students familiar with their citizenships rights. Among the possible and related ways, five factors: educating students in: eccomomics finane, culture, social and political affai MoreAbstract The aim of the present study was to find ways to make high school boy and girl students familiar with their citizenships rights. Among the possible and related ways, five factors: educating students in: eccomomics finane, culture, social and political affairs were selectod to evaluate and achieve the purposes of this study. The population comprised ( 1980 students) all of whom were and gril students of whom 290 students of both genders were vandomly selected to take part in this study. The instrument used in this research was a researcher-made question naire with 29 items based on the Likert scale with a reliability indea of %86 . Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the deta. The results showed that all the factors were effective in making students familiar with their citizenship rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Effect of Total Quality Management (TQM)on Organization Culture and Behavioral Patterns of Telecommunication Employees in Chahar Mahal Bakhtiyari
Daruosh Jalali Asghar AghaeiAbstract Today, attaining Total Quality Management (TQM) for viability and sustained competitveness on national and international areas is must. Continued training of employees is a major tool in achieving TQM. The principal aim of this study is to analyze the effec MoreAbstract Today, attaining Total Quality Management (TQM) for viability and sustained competitveness on national and international areas is must. Continued training of employees is a major tool in achieving TQM. The principal aim of this study is to analyze the effect of TQM training on bringing a change in the organizational culture and behavioral patterns of Telecommunication employees in chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari. The design of this study was quasi experimental. For this purpose, using a randomized simple technique, some 25 and treatment of the experimental goup with 22 three-hour long sessions on TQM and another non-registered group of 25 specialists matched with the first group were selected as the control group. Then were measured for behavioral pstterns by Soosman and Depe's(1989) Organizational Culture lnventory and the researcher developed inventory, both the experimental and control groups were measured using the same inventories. Upon initial administration, the reliability of the inventories using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.81 for organizational culture and 0.84 . Professors confirmed the validity of the inventories. The results of analysis of covariance showed that treatment with TQM training for the experimental group in the post-test scores of organizational culture and behavioral patterns were improved (P < 0.01 ). In a repeated follow-up within six months, it was established that there still a significant difference between the mean score for the experimental group and that for the contro group. Thus, a significant leve yielded both for the organizational culture and the employee's behavioral patterns (P < 0.01 ). Thus, it can be concluded that the effect of training on organizational culture and behavioral patterns in the experimental group was positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - A Study of Azad Islamic Universities Managers'(8 th District Branches) Performance and AttitudeToward the Dimensions and Components of Change Management and Presenting anAppropriate Conceptual Frame Work
Parivash Jafari Fariba HanifiAbstract The purpose of this study was to examine administrators' performance & attitude at Azad Islamic university branches of 8 th district according to dimensions & 138 components of change management & to develop an appropriate conceptual framework: to achieve t MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to examine administrators' performance & attitude at Azad Islamic university branches of 8 th district according to dimensions & 138 components of change management & to develop an appropriate conceptual framework: to achieve the above goals, first the research literature was reviewed deeply and 108 components of change 5 management in higher education were extracted, which reduced to components by expert judgment. The extracted components categorized in 5 dimensions: competencies of change leader traits, the culture of change, policies and strategies of change, change environment, change content. Then a 108 items questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was administered among a randomly selected sample consisted of 267 presidents, vice-presidents, deans, associate deans & head departments after establishing its validity (by expert judgment) and its reliability (by calculation of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient=0.98 ). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods as well as inferential tests such as ANOVA, Chi square, factor analysis, and path analysis. The finding showed that there was no significant difference between three groups of administrator's performance. The same result was found about their attitudes. To present the conceptual framework, the extracted factors were analyzed by factors Analysis through SPSS and were named by Expert Judgment (ten specialists). Then the final conceptual framework was drawn by path Analysis through LISEREL & GFI test confirmed the conceptual framework factors and their interaction and correlation by calculation GFI (GFI=0.97 ) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - The Effect of Biology Film Book in Academic Achievement of High School Students
Sodabeh Hajiyanniya Gholam Reza Ahmadi Seyed Ali TabeidiyanAbstract The Present study aims of investigate the effect of biology film book on students rate of achievement. High school first graders in Jay educational district in the city of Isfahan Comprised the target population of the study from which four sample groups of MoreAbstract The Present study aims of investigate the effect of biology film book on students rate of achievement. High school first graders in Jay educational district in the city of Isfahan Comprised the target population of the study from which four sample groups of 27 each were randomly selected. The samples were Then divided into control and experimental group. A pre-test, Post-test control group design was utilized to attest the typo thesis. Teacher-made tests employed in the stud served as per and post-tests. The results indicated that the treatment group who benefited from a math-major teacher and a book film showed a better performance on the post-test compared with the group who was taught by taught by a non-major math teacher using a book film (P≤ 0.01). However, the performance of the students in the non-major math group utilizing a book film did not differ statistically from the group who was taught by a major-math teacher only (P≤ 0.05 ). The average performance profile of the group with a major-math teacher plus a book film was higher than that of the group who was taught by a math-major teacher only (P≤ 0.01). Finally, the students taught by a non-major math Teacher and a book film out-performed the group who was taught by a non-major math teacher only (P≤0.01 ) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Comparison of Three Awthority Sources at School (Manager, Vice Principal, Teacher) on Obedience Behavior of Students
Hasan Ahadi Farhad Maher Uosof Karimi Hossein FarshForoshAbstract It is about half a century that has been passing study of obedience and in greater scale of social influence. Why people accept mutual influence from one of the tittle of social influence is obedience of power sources which is remarkably important in educat MoreAbstract It is about half a century that has been passing study of obedience and in greater scale of social influence. Why people accept mutual influence from one of the tittle of social influence is obedience of power sources which is remarkably important in education areas, Family and other social organization. Afield experiment performed on 660 students as sample in student community from twenty areas in Tehran. In Eduction department, in order to compare among three power sources including (Manager, vice principal, teacher) at school. At first each of power sources asked subjects to do a fix action which wasn’t amoral and to be against with rule standard. Subjects behavior have been observed and recorded by experinenter, Subjects answered to final questions after receiving demand on every action. After data extraction and using inferential and descriptive statistics method (applying of significance test different between two independence ratio). The following results have been finding. 1) There are sisnificance differences between school power resources and pure students obedience behavior in education different steps. 2) Power sources have not any effect on different sexes in pure obedience behavior. They observed more disobey behavior in male students, but this rate is not sisnificance. 3) Writing instructions are arousing behavior of individual obedience in significe rate. Dosobey rate of oral instructions are sisnificanty more than writing instructions. 4) There are not any sisnificant effects on different sexes on writing or oral request. 5) Pure obedience behavior wills sisnificanty decrease with advance age. This difference at elemantry stage students with suidance and high school students is much more than guidance with highschool students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Surveying Primary Education Curricula in Higher Education System from Educational Experts, Perspectives
Mohammad Hossein Pour Ali Shareiyatmadari Ezatollah Naderi Maryam SeifnaraghiAbstract The present study investigated the status of primary education curricula in the system of higher education from the educational experts, perspective. It also proposed applicable ways to improve curricula status. In this study, five hypotheses concerned with MoreAbstract The present study investigated the status of primary education curricula in the system of higher education from the educational experts, perspective. It also proposed applicable ways to improve curricula status. In this study, five hypotheses concerned with primary education status, purposes ,content , teaching methodology and evaluation. This research conducted through Survey research design. Research population comprised instructors teach in Islamic azad University. Sample population (n=100 ) were selected through cluster random sampling. They filled an 83 -item researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted through descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean and SD) and inferential (Z scores) statistics through SPSS.11 . The results of the study showed that the present primary curricula should be radically revised due to curricula problems concerning specific educational purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - The Effect of Teaching Physics by Technology âEnabled Active Learning (TEAL) Method onAcademic Achievement of High School Students
Mohammad Ahmadi Dehghotbadini Farhad Nazarifar Faramarz Malekian Ahmad Reza Akbari Amro Abadi. Fatemeh Zamanifard Behzad Shahbazi Firouzeh Sepehrian Fatemeh Nosrat Mahdi Abolghasemi NajafAbadi Maryam Narimani Saeed Rajaeepoor Narges Keshtiaray Mozafaredin Vaezi Zamaneh Rezaei Ali Reza Yoosefi Hadi Kamali Saghar SahebJamei Sayed Ebrahim Mirshah Jafari Mohsen Malekian Mohammad Javad Leyaghatdar Toraj Hosseini HafshajaniAbstract This research aimed at investigating the effect of teaching by the Technology Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) method on the academic achievement of high school students in physics by a quasi-experimental method. The research Population were the first grade f MoreAbstract This research aimed at investigating the effect of teaching by the Technology Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) method on the academic achievement of high school students in physics by a quasi-experimental method. The research Population were the first grade female students of Falavarjan high schools. The study was conducted by using two groups randomly-selected of high school students (each group with 28 students). The experiment group was taught by the TEAL method and the control group was taught by the traditional method. The academic achievement of the subjects were assessed by the teacher-made pre-test and post-test. The validity was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was established by cronbach's Alpha (α=0.86) coefficient (86%). The data was analyzed through inferential statistics (ANCOVA). The results showed that the academic achievement by the TEAL method have been higher than those using the traditional method of learning at the probability level of 0/001. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Evaluation of Isfahan University's Entrepreneurship Center
Mansoureh Moghtaderi Hashem GolestaniAbstract The appraisal of academic entrepreneurship center is the responsibility of entrepreneurship development plan administration at different universities, which operates under the center for academic research and assessment studies and national academic assessm MoreAbstract The appraisal of academic entrepreneurship center is the responsibility of entrepreneurship development plan administration at different universities, which operates under the center for academic research and assessment studies and national academic assessment organization. The present research aims at specifying the rate activities performed according to entrepreneurship development plan to achieve this end, a descriptive survey research design and research-developed questionnaire were employed. Since the target population was limited in under, the whole active members working in the entrepreneurship center-including both specialist and university student-were selected as the statistical sample. SPSS software was utilized for analyzing the obtained data at both descriptive and inferential statistical levels. The former used such techniques as frequency distribution, percentage and average values as well as standard of deviation, whereas the latter enlisted single-variable t-test, independent t-test, hoteling test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and tuke4y test and kalmogorof Smirnoff. Special opinion was used for measuring the validity of the questionnaire and chronbach's alpha-coefficient was used for calculating its reliability which happened to be 0.97 . The findings revealed that the six fearures under investigation business and job planning training, discovering entrepreneurship contexts, setting up business and job plans training and referring students with a jobber business plan to supportive centers had avlues equal to 2.89,2.98,3,2.94,2.97 and 2.57 respectively all of which happened to be below the average level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Identify the Components of Supportive Supervision & Developing an Appropriate Model for it in the Educational System of Iran.
Asadollah Khadivi Hamid MelkiAbstract The purpose of the present research is to identify the components of supportive supervision develop an appropriate model for supportive supervision and determine the degree of appropriateness of the proposed model. The present research is a survey and descr MoreAbstract The purpose of the present research is to identify the components of supportive supervision develop an appropriate model for supportive supervision and determine the degree of appropriateness of the proposed model. The present research is a survey and description. The statistical population includes 434 faculty members of schools of education at state universities 669 supervisors,1029 Instructional evaluators and educational experts. Cluster sampling and within the clusters partial sampling were used. Three questions of present research include: 1- What are the components of supportive supervision? 2- Regarding the present components, what appropriate model can you give for the educational system? 3-According to the views of faculty members of schools of education at state universities supervisors, instructional evaluators and educational experts, what is the proportion of the proposed model? To answer the first question the literature was reviewed and global studies were surveyed and six components were extracted and then each of the sub-componenets were identified. To test the components and answer the research questions a questionnaire was given to the 500 people including: faculty members, supervisors, instructional evaluators and educational experts. The data collected were disaggregated through statistical methods with high frequency percentage and through Factorial Analysis and One Sample T-Test. The pertinent and impertinent variables in this research were identified with %93 accuracy. Using SPSS, the relationship between the variables were calculated and analyzed. The variables were named on the basis of specific values including in: End-of-Year Evaluation, Observation, Professional Development, Goal-Setting. Lesson Planning and Professional Commitment. To answer the third question, a questionnaire was given to the study group. They were asked to identify the adequacy of the model through grading. The accuracy of the questionnaire was calculated as %93 and the total mean of 8.9 out of 10 Based on the results, the research suggested a conceptual model for educational system of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - The Roles of Participation to Decision Making,Job Involvement, Job Alternatives and â¦. On Perceived Organizational Justice in Teachers of Special Schools in Esfahan
Mohsen Golparvar Marjan Nasry Mokhtar MalekpourAbstract This research administered with the aim of investigate the roles of participation to decision making, organization citizenship behavior, pay satisfaction, tend to stay, turnover, job alternatives, trust to organization, job involvement and work involvemen MoreAbstract This research administered with the aim of investigate the roles of participation to decision making, organization citizenship behavior, pay satisfaction, tend to stay, turnover, job alternatives, trust to organization, job involvement and work involvement on perceived organizational justice (in distributive, procedural and relational dimensions) among teachers of special schools in Esfahan city. On the basis of this aim, from total of teachers, who work in special schools in Esfahan city, persons 231(include 52 males and 179 females) selected with using cluster random sampling. Questionnaire which used in research were the three questionnaires for organizational justice assessment and the nine questionnaires for nine predictive variables assessments. Data analyzed with the use of stepwise regression analysis. results showed that, for distributive justice, pay satisfaction, turnover, Participation to decision making, work involvement and tend to stay respectively, for procedural justice, participation to decision making, trust to organization, job involvement and pay satisfaction respectively, and finally for relational justice, Participation to decision making, turnover and trust to organization respectively have significant (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 ) predictive power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Qualitative meta-analysis on the conducted researches in the field of MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)
Esmaeil Jafari Kourosh Fathi vajargah Mahboobeh Arefi Morteza RezaeiZadehSince 2008, MOOC as an educational tool is not only used by educational institutions and also universities and it is interesting subject for many scholars and researchers. The aim of the current research was to provide a comprehensive picture of the conducted researches MoreSince 2008, MOOC as an educational tool is not only used by educational institutions and also universities and it is interesting subject for many scholars and researchers. The aim of the current research was to provide a comprehensive picture of the conducted researches in the field of MOOC. In order to achieve the aim, the qualitative meta-analysis was used to examine and analyze 40 research in the field which each of them had a different perspective and methodology. The results showed that all conducted researches have predominant features both structurally, methodologically and contextually. Theoretical orientation of more than half the researches were based on connectivist paradigm which indicated that if Iranian educational institutions and universities want to implement MOOC, it need to transform structuralism paradigm to connectivist paradigm. Namely, education and higher education policies should move towards an approach which is based on dialogue, interaction, knowledge creation and emergent learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - The fundamental insights derived from the findings of Neurological sciences for education: a systematic review of international documents
Maryam Baratali Alireza Yousefy Narges Keshtiaray Masih SabooriNowadays, more and more educators and learners are familiar with the processes and results of Neurology Teaching - Learning and education are related to effective education and intellectual development of man he seems inevitable. The purpose of this systematic review wa MoreNowadays, more and more educators and learners are familiar with the processes and results of Neurology Teaching - Learning and education are related to effective education and intellectual development of man he seems inevitable. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine some insights resulting from the findings of Neurology of the more effective educational and training processes. In general, search engines and websites using google scholar SpringerLink and ScienceDirect using the main keywords of this research were to include brain-based education brain-based learning and neuroeducation Internet search was performed and their combination. 176 articles, books and research reports from the main search keywords were found in the combination of the three. Of these 100 articles, books and research reports were reviewed for this study. Then according to the relevance of related and unrelated divided into two categories and Finally, 41 articles, books, research reports and the final selection was then analyzed. The total number of articles reviewed, a number of fundamental insights obtained after removing duplicates and merge some cases, the findings presented in the results obtained. Most of the literature reviewed above vision, vision-based discussion of "brain flexibility" was. Improve the understanding of the neurological foundations of learning can Mstfyz completed and the members of the community can respond flexibly to changes in their living conditions, help. Considering the cooperation of those involved in education and science specialists in neurosurgery, should seek an outcome of a serious interdisciplinary dialogue Also able to help with many issues related to pedagogy and human learning to solve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Living experiences of primary and secondary school teachers from teaching challenges and providing solutions to empower teachers to teach in cyberspace
marzban adibmaneshThe aim of this study was to investigate the lived experience of primary and secondary school teachers of the challenges of teaching in cyberspace and to provide solutions to improve the skills of teachers in cyberspace. The type of research is qualitative and phenomeno MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the lived experience of primary and secondary school teachers of the challenges of teaching in cyberspace and to provide solutions to improve the skills of teachers in cyberspace. The type of research is qualitative and phenomenological design has been used and semi-structured interview tools were used to collect data, so that the research questions were answered through interviews with information groups. The face and content validity of the interview was reviewed and finally confirmed by several experts in the field of e-learning To determine the "validity and reliability of data", two criteria used by qualitative study experts were used, including: reliability and acceptability. In the present study, purposive sampling method was used. In the interview with the target community, sampling continued until the data saturation and by interviewing fifteen people, the theoretical saturation of the data was obtained. The results showed that the most important challenges of cyberspace in four main themes (educational, administrative, hard And socio-cultural) were identified. In proportion to these harms, regarding the knowledge, skills and motivation of teachers, strategies and strategies for better use of new methods in cyberspace were suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Structural Pathology of Higher Education System in Executing its Five-Year Development Plans and Proposing Suitable Strategies
Mostafa Ejtehadi Rasol DavoudiAbstract The main purpose of this research is to study the structural obstacles in the higher education system in executing its development plans to suggest suitable strategies. To achieve this purpose, the opinions of three groups were studied including the senior MoreAbstract The main purpose of this research is to study the structural obstacles in the higher education system in executing its development plans to suggest suitable strategies. To achieve this purpose, the opinions of three groups were studied including the senior managers in government, the figures and experts in the field of planning and management, and administrative managers and employees. The last two groups were selected using judgment-sampling method. The research method was "applied research" in terms of purpose and so it was "content analysis", "survey research", and "correlational research" in terms of data collecting method. In addition to the review of the related literature, the desired data was gathered by analyzing the interview transcription of the senior managers as well as questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data and draw conclusions. According the findings, the obstacles to executing the development plans in the higher education system originate from its functional structure. The obstacles include: the lack of conformity between the structure and the particulars of the development plans, between the structure and the environment in which the plans carried out, and between the structure and the plans goals, which all resulted from functional structure of higher education system and its limits. Finally three strategies are proposed to overcome the structural obstacles to executing the development plans in the higher education sector. In order of importance, these strategies include participative culture, systematic or synthetic management, and matrix structure. On the basis of regression model, the proposed strategies have correlation with each other and play an effective role in removing the obstacles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Hybrid Coupler Design: enhancing signal isolation for portable radar and wireless
Elham Zandi majid fouladian jalil mazloum -
Open Access Article
224 - Investigation of ground subsidence rate using radar interferometry (D-InSAR) In Nabahband – Sahelabad Plain
samad fotoohi sayed ali almodaresi roghaiyeh delaramAbstractLand subsidence occur due to the natural and human activities. One of the main causes of subsidence is the excessive usage of groundwater resources. In the study area, due to the dry and desert area, low rainfall and lack of permanent rivers, the most use of gro MoreAbstractLand subsidence occur due to the natural and human activities. One of the main causes of subsidence is the excessive usage of groundwater resources. In the study area, due to the dry and desert area, low rainfall and lack of permanent rivers, the most use of groundwater resources is that in this area we see many wells for agricultural use. Various types of deformation surveying technique have been used widely to measure the land subsidence pattern.This research is based on radar remote sensing method and field study. First, satellite data and images were examined and processed using the remote sensing method. To investigate the temperature, the radar interference technique was used to process the radar images at specific intervals. The images used relate to the ASAR Envisat satellite in the C band from 2003 to 2010 and the pair of images of the Sentinel 1 satellite in the C band from 2019 to 2020. The results of this technique show that the highest amount of subsidence related to the agricultural lands in the center and north of the plain is about 13.4 cm in the period 2007 to 2010 and also in the period 2007 to 2008 about 13.1 cm. We see the subsidence meter. In the new study of Sentinel1 satellite images in the period 2019 to 2020, this area has also experienced a subsidence of 5.9 cm, which indicates the continuation of subsidence in this region. To verify the results, statistics related to piezometer wells were used and the results show a decrease in groundwater level in the study area in the period 2007 to 2010. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Investigating the Effect of Changing the Distance between Nanomachines on Increasing the Efficiency of Message Delivery Using Chemotaxis and Network Connectivity Nano Communicative Bacteria
Tayebe raiesi ardali vahid satari naeini javad mohammadzadehIntroduction: Nanomolecular network is used as a new connection pattern in nanomachines. These connections are possible using biological components in the environment. The molecular communications have important drawbacks, such as very low capacity or the need to deploy MoreIntroduction: Nanomolecular network is used as a new connection pattern in nanomachines. These connections are possible using biological components in the environment. The molecular communications have important drawbacks, such as very low capacity or the need to deploy a complex infrastructure. One of the most effective approaches for this purpose is using bacteria to carry encrypted message among nanomachines.Method: The current research examines effective routing in bacterial communication nano networks based on changing the distance between nanomachines. The aim of this research is to develop routing capability for bacterial communication nano networks. For this purpose, two intrinsic characteristics of bacteria, including chemotaxis and conjugation, have been used. In order to analyze the efficiency of message delivery, simulation was done for several different topologies. The purpose of simulation in different forms of topology is to investigate the effect of changing the distance between nanomachines and also the connection process in order to improve message delivery.Results: The results of this research showed that in the number of successful messages delivered to the destination for longer distances, it can be seen that topology 2 performs better. The comparison of the number of connections made at different distances for all three investigated topologies showed that with the increase in the number of bacteria in All three topologies increase the number of connections made, but in different intervals in terms of the distance between the nanomachines, it can be seen that the number of connections decreases as the distance increases due to the reduction of the effect field of the chemical adsorbent, which is needed to direct the movement of the bacteria.By examining and evaluating the simulation results for the average delay of the messages reached to the destination by changing the distance between the nanomachines, it can be seen that for all three topologies, with the increase in the number of bacteria, the average delay decreases, and with the increase in the distance between the nanomachines, the average delay also decreases. It can be seen that topology 2 has the lowest latency in terms of average latency for longer distances.Discussion: By increasing the distance among nanomachines, the number of received messages at the destination decreases as well. One of the topologies results in better average latency in longer distances compared to the others, because of the hollow center in this topology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Protective effects of Silymarin on Cell-Phone Induced Liver Damage in Rats
ََAmir Ashkan MahjoorInroduction & Objective: Different studies have demonstrated the effects of cell phone induced electromagnetic field on hepatic cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the hrpatoprotective effects of silymarin on this kind of damagesMaterial and MethodsSeventy r MoreInroduction & Objective: Different studies have demonstrated the effects of cell phone induced electromagnetic field on hepatic cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the hrpatoprotective effects of silymarin on this kind of damagesMaterial and MethodsSeventy rats were divided in five groups. One control group and four exposure groups that were exposed to cell phone radiation 5 times a day for 30 days each time 10 minutes. At the end of the study all of the rats were sacrificed and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), total proptein, total bilirubin and albumin were measured. Liver samples were obtained for histopathological studiesResults: Cell phone radiation significantly (P≤005) increased levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin and decreased levels of total protein and albumin. In groups treated with silymarin improve in biochemical factors were noted. Histopathological findings were consistent with biochemical findingsConclusion:Our results suggest that silymarin has hepatoprotective effects on cell phone induced liver damaged due to free radical scavenger and antioxidant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - The Effects of IP Injection of Fe2NiO4 Nanoparticles on Serum TSH,Thyroid Hormone (T4, T3) and Thyroid HistologyRunning Title: Effect Fe2Nio4 on TSH, T3, T4 in Rat
Hosna Fallahi Zahra HoushmandiInroduction & Objective:The increased production and use of nanoparticles has led to the growing concerns about their negative side effects on biological systems. This study evaluated the effect of Fe2NiO4 nanoparticle on the serum levels of TSH, thyroid hormones (T3, T MoreInroduction & Objective:The increased production and use of nanoparticles has led to the growing concerns about their negative side effects on biological systems. This study evaluated the effect of Fe2NiO4 nanoparticle on the serum levels of TSH, thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and thyroid histology.Methodsand materialMale Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Control: rats received 0.5 ml saline for 7 consecutive days. Group 1 and 2: rats received 0.5 ml of nanoparticle solution at doses of 100 and 200 ppm. Serum biochemical parameters were evaluated in rats, after 2, 7 and 14-days of post exposure. On the 14th days thyroid tissue was removed and used for histological assessment.ResultsOn the 7th and 14th days, the serum levels of TSH in rats exposed to nanoparticle were significantly lower than that in the control group. IP injection of Fe2NiO4 had no effects on serum T3 level but significantly increased serum level of T4. Fe2NiO4 caused significant alterations in thyroid histology.ConclusionFe2NiO4 nanoparticles can disrupt synthesis and secretion of T4 and TSH through alteration of Hypothalamic-pituitary- endocrine axis and damage of thyroid tissue Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Study of Changes Histomorphometry Spleen in Rats with Pregnancy and Lactation
elham Etemadi Akbar Karimi Ali Asghar PilevarianInroduction & Objective: Major changes occurred in the mother's body during pregnancy, sometimes these changes for both mother and fetus at risk by recognizing the changes in the conditions of a woman's pregnancy can be managed. In this study, histomorphometry changes o MoreInroduction & Objective: Major changes occurred in the mother's body during pregnancy, sometimes these changes for both mother and fetus at risk by recognizing the changes in the conditions of a woman's pregnancy can be managed. In this study, histomorphometry changes of spleen tissue during pregnancy and lactation in female Wistar rats were studied.Materials and Methods:In this study, 54 Wistar rats (12 male and 42 female) with an average weight of 220-240 g and after breeding and observation of vaginal plug 18 pregnant rats into 3 groups of 6 rats and 6 Rat non-pregnant adult female as control groups, and including the first day of pregnancy into 4 groups, control, 10 and 20 of pregnancy and the first week of lactation were divided. Then the rats were dissected and spleen tissue for histopathological examination with hematoxylin-eosin out and were. In cases the number of macrophages, white pulp megakaryocytes and diameter were evaluated. Statistical analysis ANOVA and Duncan test were examined. Results:The results indicated that in spleen tissue number of macrophages at 10 and 20 and diameter(P ConclusionProcesses of pregnancy increases changes done in spleen tissue included increases white pulp and macrophages. These changes are dependent on mother's immune system Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Effects of Partial Substitution of Macro Algae Gracilaria pygmaea with Fish Meal on Some Bloodof Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer
Narjes Tangestani Vahid Morshedi Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi Maryam azodi Anahita Farhodi Ebrahim sotoudehInroduction & Objective:In aquaculture, algae to increase immunityand survival of fish used commercially. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with Grasilaria macroalgae in the diet and its effect on bloodfactorsin Asian Sea bass MoreInroduction & Objective:In aquaculture, algae to increase immunityand survival of fish used commercially. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with Grasilaria macroalgae in the diet and its effect on bloodfactorsin Asian Sea bass (LatescalcariferMaterial and Methods:For this purpose, 150 pieces of fish with an average weight of 28 grams perfectly with 3 replications and 3 treatments in the 15, 300-liter fiberglass tanks (10 fish per tank) were distributed. Fish for 40 days with a diet containing 3, 6 and 9 percent macroalgae powder Grasilaria per kg of food and two groups of positive and negative controls (both no algae) were fed. At the end of the experiment the fish Caudal vein collected blood samples and blood parameters were measured.Results: The results of the present study showed that the replacement of macroalgae in the diet of Asian Sea bass on fish blood factors including hemoglobin, hematocrit and differential percentage of white blood cells have no significant effect. But, at the treatment of 3% replacement of macroalgae were observed significant different in levels of white blood cells count, lysozyme and total protein amount (P Conclusion: The results of this study showed that replacement of macroalgae (Gracilaria pygmaeaat level of 3 percent have resulted in significantly increase in the white blood cells and lysozyme than the control group and the amount of total protein at the 3 and 6 percent had a significant increase compared to the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - The Effect of Zolpidem on Uterus Tissue Histological Changes and Estradiol Serum of Adult NMRI Mouse Strain
Samaneh Mohammadian Kondori Nasim Hayati Rodbari Simin Mohammadi Gorji Kazem ParivarInroduction & Objective: Zolpidem (with the brand name of Ambien) is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic which binds to the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABA-A receptors given that this drug is used in more puberty so.The aim of this study was the effect of zolpidem on MoreInroduction & Objective: Zolpidem (with the brand name of Ambien) is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic which binds to the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABA-A receptors given that this drug is used in more puberty so.The aim of this study was the effect of zolpidem on reproductive system of female adult NMRI mouse.Material and Methods:In this experimental study thirty adult female mice NMRI strain at a mean weight of 30±26 grams were divided into five groups Zolpidem solution was prepared in distilled water at 5, 10, and 20 (mg/kg of body weigh) doses, and 0.5 cc injections were done intraperitoneally every day for 14 days The con trol group received no injection. The sham group received distilled water (as solvent of zolpidem) and treatment groups of 1, 2, and 3 received doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg The treatment groups were sacrificed one day after the last injection, and their hearts were dissected and blood samples were obtained.The concentrations of the hormones were measured by the ELISA testThe uterus tissue was separated and examined after the process of alcohol supply, molding, shredding as well as Hematoxylin and eosin painting and the results were evaluated via the tukey-test, ANOVA by SPSS program.Results:The results showed a significant decrease in the mean serum, Estradiol in the experimental groups compared to the sham and control histological studies of sections showed the diameter of endometrium and uterus lumen, decreased in experimental groups compared to the sham and control Also significant decrease the number of uterus glands in experimental groups 3 compared to the sham and control.Conclusion:Injection of zolpidem significantly is effective on ,uterus tissue and concentration of Estradiol hormone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Effect of Copper Sulfateon the Wistar Rat's Fetal Liver Tissue
Rahil Jannatifar Ahmad Farrokhi Sona Zargari Mehrdad Ghorbanlou Reza NejatbakhshInroduction & Objective: Heavy metals like copper, even at low concentrations, can damage the tissue of creatures. According to high doses of copper in neonate's liver and the importance of liver development, this study was conducted by the purpose of the evaluation of MoreInroduction & Objective: Heavy metals like copper, even at low concentrations, can damage the tissue of creatures. According to high doses of copper in neonate's liver and the importance of liver development, this study was conducted by the purpose of the evaluation of the effect of copper sulfate on the Wistar rat's fetal liver tissue.Material and MethodIn this experimental study, 48 male and female Wistar rats with weight range of 200 to 250 gr were used. Before pregnancy, adult female rats were divided randomly into four control and copper sulfate experimental groups. Experimental groups respectively delivered 0.25, 0.5 and 1 gr copper sulfate in each 1000 gr of standard diet for 2 weeks before mating and during pregnancy. At the 21th day of pregnancy, rats were euthanized and the fetuses were removed from the female uteri and the liver was prepared for the purpose of histological studies. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and P was considered significant.Results: Average cephalocaudal length in the control group in comparison to experimental groups of 1 and 3 indicated significant difference (PConclusions:Copper sulfate at average and higher concentrations may have destructive effects on histology and cells of fetal liver. These changes and damages can be a function of the amount of consumption dose, time period and consumption period of copper sulfate Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - The Protective Effects of Royal Jelly on the Histomorphometric ,Hormonal Alternation and Oxidative Stress in Ofloxacin Treated Male Rat
Ghodrat Ebadi ManasInroduction & Objective: Royal jelly is a compound that is produced by the worker honey bees. This compound has antioxidant activity and protective effects against oxidative stress. The aim of this study were to determine protective role of royal jelly on decrease side MoreInroduction & Objective: Royal jelly is a compound that is produced by the worker honey bees. This compound has antioxidant activity and protective effects against oxidative stress. The aim of this study were to determine protective role of royal jelly on decrease side effects of ofloxacin and return reproductive function near normal rang in ofloxacin treated male ratMaterial and Methods:In this experimental work used 32 male albino rats that each has body weight between 160-18o gand accidentally divided to 4 groups: ofloxacin, royal jelly , ofloxacin with royal jelly and control. Each group included 8 rats. Dosage for ofloxacin group was 216 mg/kg.BW ofloxacin and for royal jelly group was 100 mg/kg.BW royal jelly. Royal Jelly with ofloxacin group received 216 mg/kg ofloxacin and100 mg/kg royal jelly. Control group received distilled water at dose of 216 mg/kg.BW. All groups received dose - related daily for 28 days orally. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA and used Turkey HSD Post-test to compare the significance of difference. Results: After exposure ofloxacin results revealed thatdiameter of seminiferous tubules, thickness of epithelium seminiferous tubules, weight testes,FSH, LH, testosterone, TTM ,TAOCand RI in compared to control significance decline,but distance between seminiferous tubule ,TDI , SI, MDA and NO significanceincreased. All parameters were improved to near normal rang level after exposure royal jelly.Conclusion:This investigation revealed that ofloxacin has negative effect on histomorphometry and reproductive function in mature male rats,but at the same time if you use royal jelly it is protects against ofloxacin and retune to normal rang. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - The Morphological Changes in the Sagittae Otoliths of White Sardine’s (Sardinella albella) Population in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea
Parasto RahimiInroduction & Objective: Otoliths or ear stones related to balance, movement and hearing. Otoliths are used to determine the age of a considered as an indicator. Growth layers are produced daily at regular intervals setting and natural conditions but environmental fluct MoreInroduction & Objective: Otoliths or ear stones related to balance, movement and hearing. Otoliths are used to determine the age of a considered as an indicator. Growth layers are produced daily at regular intervals setting and natural conditions but environmental fluctuations such as nutrition, activity and thermal changes affect on it. Sardine fishing areas along the southern coast of Iran are along the port of Jask in Hormozgan province East to Bandar Kangan in the eastern part of the province Boshehr. Due to wide dispersal and diverse environments of this species, the variation in morphology of otoliths is not unexpected. The aim of this study was to investigate possible variations in the structure of sagittae otoliths in fish distribution in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.Material and MethodDuring the winter and spring 2011 and 2012 63 sample of white Sardines were captured from 3 sites ,Jask area, Qeshm and Lengeh. After biometric studies the left and right sagittae otoliths were extracted and examined. The captured datas were be examined by one way ANOVA and multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA.Results: Statistical analysis traits not found significant differences between the three regions. These results were also confirmed by test post-hoc and Claster analysis. Although some degree of separation between the three regions was observed, but the overlap was more than distinguishing three regions from each other. Conclusions:No significant differences in morphological otoliths in the three region of sampeling can confirms that the population of this species in three sampling sitesare related with each other and mixing took place due to lack of significant differences in this trait is . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Histophysiological and Histochemical Study of the Uterus, Cervix and Vagina in Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus )
tahereh MahmoudianInroduction & Objective: The importance of histophysiological and histochemical study of the uterus, cervix and vagina in mammals is due to pathological examinations of these organs in infectious and metabolic diseases and infertility treatment. The aim of this stud MoreInroduction & Objective: The importance of histophysiological and histochemical study of the uterus, cervix and vagina in mammals is due to pathological examinations of these organs in infectious and metabolic diseases and infertility treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the histophysiological and histochemical features of these organs in guineapigs.Materials and Methods: Five female guinea pigs with mean weight were obtained from laboratory animal breeding center and after sampling, Samples were stained by Hematoxin - Eosin, Periodic acid Schiff and alcian blue methods and then histological and histochemical properties of samples were samples were studied by light microscope.Results: The horn and the body of the uterus in general have three layers of endometrium , myometrium and primetrium. The endometrical epithelium in the uterine horn consists of simple cubic cells and it consists of simple cubic cells and simple columnar cells in the body of uterus. The endometrium has many coiled tubular glands. In the body and horn, the myometrium has 2 layers of longi tudinal and circular smooth muscle from outside to inside. The cervical mucosa has simple columnar cells. And has 3 types of folds: primary, Secondary and tertiary folds. Among the columnal cells, a large number of mucus secreting goblet cells are seen. The squomous vaginal epithelium is stratified stratum Corneum. no glands were observed in mucosal layer of the vagina.Conclusion: The results show that the anatomical a tissue structure of Guinea pig uterus, cervix and vagina, despite minor differences, are very similar to other mammals.s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - The structural model of relationships between philosophical mentality and thinking style with socialization in sport Managers
Ahmadreza AskariAbstractObjective: Employees are an important asset for any organization. Organizations around the world are investing their resources in selecting and hiring the most promising and productive employees. Organizations need to focus on their socialization process to crea MoreAbstractObjective: Employees are an important asset for any organization. Organizations around the world are investing their resources in selecting and hiring the most promising and productive employees. Organizations need to focus on their socialization process to create new employees quickly and efficiently. Socialization is the process by which individuals acquire the attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge needed to participate as an organizational member. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between philosophical mentality and thinking style with socialization.Methodology: The statistical population consisted of 140 sports in the province of Isfahan province, which were considered as a statistical sample due to limited number. The research method is descriptive and correlational. In this research, standard questionnaires of philosophical mentality, think style and socialization were used. These questionnaires had structural validity and their formal validity and content were also confirmed by experts. Their reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the philosophical mentality questionnaire, 0.86, 0.81, and Society of 0.91. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to determine the relationship and predict the variables. The significance level in this research is considered to be 0.05 for testing hypotheses.Results: The findings showed that the standard coefficient between the dimension of philosophical mentality and sociology was 0.4, afterwards of philosophical mentality and socialization of 0.22 and then the flexibility of philosophical mentality and socialization is 0.61. Also, the standard coefficient between the legal dimension of thinking style and socialization is 0.39, the implementation dimension of the style of thinking and socialization is 0.31 and the judicial dimension of thinking and socialization is 0.337. The values of t were positive for all dimensions of philosophical mentality and positive thinking style and is significant at the diagnostic level of P = 0.01. According to the values of the obtained indices, the predicted model was approved and had a goodness of fit.Conclusion: By increasing the philosophical mentality of sports authorities and improving their thinking style, their organizational socialization also promotes. Since in this study, the comprehensiveness of philosophical mentality is directly related to socialization, it is recommended that sports managers and officials establish an atmosphere of friendship and empathy with activities and shared guidelines with employees. Also, at the macro level, in the selection and appointment of sports managers and officials, in addition to emphasizing on technical and executive factors, their philosophical minds and thinking styles should also be examined and a fundamental review of the method of appointment should be made. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Designing a sociological model for the development of the range of sports tourism in the northwest of the country
farid pourbeirami hir Mehrdad Moharamzade Masoud Imanzadeh Simin Esgandari DastgiriObjective : The purpose o f this research was t o designing a sociological model for the development of the range of sports tourism in the northwest o f the country . Methodology : The research method was descriptive - correlation type. The statistical population o f th MoreObjective : The purpose o f this research was t o designing a sociological model for the development of the range of sports tourism in the northwest o f the country . Methodology : The research method was descriptive - correlation type. The statistical population o f the research was manager s and employees o f touri sm institution s in the northwest o f the country . Estimation of the statistical sample t o a sufficient number based o n each item , 10 people were randomly selected . Therefore , 1 30 peop le were estimated t o have 10 times the number o f variable questions with the highest number o f 1 3 question s in the variable ( building the capacity o f the chain o f sports tourism destinations ) . Ten scientific and executive experts were asked t o evaluate content validity . Then, the combined reliability and validity o f the structure was checked and confirmed in the final stage using PLS software .Results : The result s of the factor analysis o f the construct s o f each o f the nine main variable s showed that all the component s have a significant explanatory role . The path analysis also showed that the relationship s between the nine main variable s i n a sequence from independent variable s t o dependent variable s are positive and significant, and the conceptual model has a good fit .Conclu sion : Based o n the find ing s o f the research, the current developed model can create a tremendou s change i n sport s tourism in the northwest o f the country, and i t is necessary for the interested and relevant official s t o develop physical, ecological, social, and political capacitie s for the development and development o f sport s tourism . and economic and include them in the plan s and provide tourism destination s with main and support ing services f or perfect and enjoyable delivery t o sports tourist s . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Identify and Rank the Factors Affecting the Instability of the Management of Football Clubs in the Premier League with a Sociological Approach
aref najafi Seyed Emad Hosseini Saeed AmirnejadAbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting the instability of the management of football clubs in the Premier League. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive, applied survey. The statistical comprehensive of the stud MoreAbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting the instability of the management of football clubs in the Premier League. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive, applied survey. The statistical comprehensive of the study included 100 Premier League managers, board of directors, coaches, players, members of the federation, and finally 86 questionnaires were returned to the researcher. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, the validity of which was confirmed by sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method (0.988). The relevant questionnaire consisted of 36 questions in four categories, the share of each question was nine questions. In order to analyze the research findings, two categories of descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. In the first part, descriptive analysis of data was performed in the form of frequency distribution tables. In the second part, inferential statistical methods (mean of a population (t test) and Friedman test) were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.Results: The results showed that the individual factors, the lack of expertise of managers and lack of experience, the functional factors, the lack of a comprehensive system for evaluating the performance of management and the non-sporting motives, the organizational factors, result-oriented and lack of meritocracy and finally, the environmental, political individuals football management and lack of independence of the exercise of the most important factors are the lack of stable management. Conclusion: Overall rating factors and organizational factors also showed that the average (3/31) and personal factors with the highest average (1/03) have the lowest impact on volatility management.Keywords: Management, uncertainty management, clubAbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting the instability of the management of football clubs in the Premier League. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive, applied survey. The statistical comprehensive of the study included 100 Premier League managers, board of directors, coaches, players, members of the federation, and finally 86 questionnaires were returned to the researcher. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, the validity of which was confirmed by sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method (0.988). The relevant questionnaire consisted of 36 questions in four categories, the share of each question was nine questions. In order to analyze the research findings, two categories of descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. In the first part, descriptive analysis of data was performed in the form of frequency distribution tables. In the second part, inferential statistical methods (mean of a population (t test) and Friedman test) were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.Results: The results showed that the individual factors, the lack of expertise of managers and lack of experience, the functional factors, the lack of a comprehensive system for evaluating the performance of management and the non-sporting motives, the organizational factors, result-oriented and lack of meritocracy and finally, the environmental, political individuals football management and lack of independence of the exercise of the most important factors are the lack of stable management. Conclusion: Overall rating factors and organizational factors also showed that the average (3/31) and personal factors with the highest average (1/03) have the lowest impact on volatility management.Keywords: Management, uncertainty management, club Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - رابطه بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی
Leila Anjomshoa Fatemeh Talebizadehهدف از انجام این مطالعه، مشاهده و ارزیابی رابطه بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی می باشد. این مطالعه، نوعی مطالعه تحقیقاتی نیمه تجربی با استفاده از پرسشنامه است که به بررسی رابطه بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی Moreهدف از انجام این مطالعه، مشاهده و ارزیابی رابطه بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی می باشد. این مطالعه، نوعی مطالعه تحقیقاتی نیمه تجربی با استفاده از پرسشنامه است که به بررسی رابطه بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی می پردازد. برای تحقق اهداف این پژوهش، 90 زبانآموز زبان انگلیسی که در دانشگاه آزاد کرمان تحصیل می کردند در این پژوهش شرکت کردند که بر اساس سطح مهارت زبانی انتخاب شده و از ابزار QNER متشکل از 5 فاکتور با 24 گویه که توسط چن و استاروستا (2000) طراحی شده بود استفاده کردند. زبان مادری شرکت کنندگان در پژوهش، زبان فارسی و گرایش تحصیلی آنها ادبیات انگلیسی، ترجمه و تدریس بود. یافته ها نشان داد که بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و نمرات درک مطلب متون انگلیسی، رابطه منفی معناداری وجود دارد. در واقع، نتایج همچنین نشان داد که بین نمرات وابستگی مذهبی و درک مطلب انگلیسی، رابطه منفی معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین نشان داده شد که بین نمرات وابستگی غربی و درک مطلب انگلیسی، رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. همچنین نتیجهگیری شد که بین نمرات وابستگی به فرهنگ ایرانی و نمرات درک مطلب انگلیسی، رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. همچنین میتوان ادعا کرد که بین نمرات وابستگی فرهنگی و نمرات درک مطلب انگلیسی رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. در نهایت می توان نتیجه گرفت که بین نمرات وابستگی هنری و درک مطلب انگلیسی رابطه منفی وجود دارد. به عبارت دیگر، وابستگی فرهنگی تأثیر معناداری منفی بر یادگیری زبان دوم یا زبان خارجی دارد. به این معنی که اگر وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی در زبان آموز افزایش یابد، نمرات درک مطلب کاهش می یابد و بالعکس، یا به دلیل سوگیری شخصی، زبان آموزان انعطاف کمی نسبت به رعایت فرهنگ هدف دارند که در نهایت بر روند یادگیری زبان دوم تأثیر می گذارد. همچنین نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که بین وابستگی به فرهنگ بومی و نمرات درک مطلب رابطه منفی معناداری وجود دارد و این نشان میدهد که هر چه میزان وابستگی فرد به فرهنگ بومی بیشتر باشد، پیشرفت تحصیلی زبان آموزان کاهش مییابد. به طور مشخص تر، نشان داده شده است که نمره درک مطلب با وابستگی های مذهبی همبستگی منفی و معنادار دارد، به این معنا که هر چه وابستگی مذهبی بالاتر باشد، عملکرد درک مطلب پایین تر خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - بررسی صلاحیت بین فرهنگی معلمان زبان انگلیسی و سطح حساسیت بین فرهنگی: داستان تجربه معلمان
Sina Khalili Mohammad Mohammadiچکیدهشایستگی ارتباطی بین فرهنگی (ICC) و حساسیت بین فرهنگی (IS) توجه تعدادی از محققان در زمینه آموزش و یادگیری زبان های خارجی را به خود جلب کرده است. مانند بسیاری از مطالعات دیگر که تاکنون انجام شده است، مطالعه حاضر سعی دارد سطوح ICC (شایستگی ارتباط بین فرهنگی) و IS (حسا Moreچکیدهشایستگی ارتباطی بین فرهنگی (ICC) و حساسیت بین فرهنگی (IS) توجه تعدادی از محققان در زمینه آموزش و یادگیری زبان های خارجی را به خود جلب کرده است. مانند بسیاری از مطالعات دیگر که تاکنون انجام شده است، مطالعه حاضر سعی دارد سطوح ICC (شایستگی ارتباط بین فرهنگی) و IS (حساسیت بین فرهنگی) معلمان زبان انگلیسی (با تجارب کوتاه مدت و بلندمدت تدریس) را بررسی کرده و و آنها را در عمل از طریق اجرای دو پرسشنامه برای کشف ادراکات یا باورهای معلمان زبان انگلیسی زبان ایرانی در درک ICC و حساسیت بین فرهنگی اندازه گیری کند. به منظور دستیابی به اهداف فوق، از طریق یک طرح کمی و توصیفی؛ نمونه ای متشکل از 170 معلم زبان انگلیسی با سابقه تدریس کوتاه مدت (N=82) و بلندمدت (N=88) از موسسات و دبیرستان های مختلف زبان استان آذربایجان غربی برای تکمیل دو پرسشنامه ICC و IS انتخاب شدند. نتایج تحلیل کمی داده ها نشان داد که هر دو گروه از معلمان زبان انگلیسی ایرانی به ICC و IS توجه ویژه ای دارند. همچنین مشخص شد که دو گروه معلمان (با سابقه تدریس کوتاه مدت و سابقه تدریس طولانی مدت) از نظر سطوح ICC و IS تفاوت معنی داری ندارند. به بیان دیگر، اگرچه همه معلمان زبان انگلیسی از مفاهیم ICC و IS و اهمیت آنها در شیوه های تدریس خود آگاه بودند، اما به مفهوم فرهنگ توجه داشتند. کاربردهای آموزشی این مطالعه مورد بحث قرار خواهد گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - برداشت و برداشت نادرست از خشونت: بررسی ژیژکی آبی تری چشم و دلبند نوشته تونی موریسون
Afshin Mosallanejad Hassan Shahabi Sharam Reesi Sistaniچکیدهخشونت به عنوان بخشی اجتناب ناپذیر از تجربیات بشری به قدری در برخوردهای فردی گسترده است که در بیشتر موارد نادیده گرفته شده و یا امری بدیهی تلقی میشود. با این حال، مفهوم خشونت در معرض برداشت های نادرست گوناگونی است که بررسی آن را چالش برانگیز میکند. از لحاظ نظری، ا Moreچکیدهخشونت به عنوان بخشی اجتناب ناپذیر از تجربیات بشری به قدری در برخوردهای فردی گسترده است که در بیشتر موارد نادیده گرفته شده و یا امری بدیهی تلقی میشود. با این حال، مفهوم خشونت در معرض برداشت های نادرست گوناگونی است که بررسی آن را چالش برانگیز میکند. از لحاظ نظری، این مقاله سه شکل از خشونت ارائه شده توسط اسلاوی ژیژک: خشونت کُنشگرانه، کُنشپذیرانه و سیستماتیک را به منظور بررسی عملکرد روشهایی که منتهی به برداشت و برداشت نادرست ما از مفهوم خشونت از منظر ژیژک میشود را به کار میگیرد. در این راستا، این مقاله از روش های تحلیل گفتمان سیاسی، فمینیسم جنسیتی سیاه پوستان و روانکاوی به عنوان رویکردهای به کار رفته در این پژوهش بهره میبرد. مقاله حاضر با استفاده از تئوریهای خشونت ژیژک در آبیترین چشم و دلبند اثر تونی موریسون بهعنوان مجموعه آثار این پژوهش، به کاوش در مفهوم خشونت و بازنمایی نادرست از آن میپردازد. هدف این مقاله بررسی راهبردهایی است که منجر به برداشت نادرست ما از مفهوم خشونت می شود. نتیجه گیری به دست آمده از این مقاله نشان می دهد که خشونت سیستماتیک ژیژکی که اَشکال دیگر خشونت را ایجاد میکند بناچار بایستی به مثابه ماده تاریک فیزیک پنهان بماند. زمانی که چنین ساختار کاملاً مشهودی از دید جامعه پنهان میماند و یا مورد برداشت نادرست واقع میشود بیشک شکلی از ایدئولوژی یا شِبه ایدئولوژی در اَشکال آشکار و یا ناپیدای خود درکار است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - جنبههای ارتباطی معادلهای جدید APLL درترجمه اصطلاحات انگلیسی
Abbas Paziresh Zohreh Jaffariv معادل ها یا نو شناسی های مطرح شده توسط فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی همواره چالش برانگیز و محل مناقشه کارشناسان و پژوهشگران بوده است. بیشترین نگرانی در مورد اشکال یا مورفولوژی اصطلاحات APLL بود. فناوری اطلاعات (IT) دارای طیف گسترده ای از اصطلاحات است که توسط اینترنت Morev معادل ها یا نو شناسی های مطرح شده توسط فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی همواره چالش برانگیز و محل مناقشه کارشناسان و پژوهشگران بوده است. بیشترین نگرانی در مورد اشکال یا مورفولوژی اصطلاحات APLL بود. فناوری اطلاعات (IT) دارای طیف گسترده ای از اصطلاحات است که توسط اینترنت و دستگاه های دیجیتال به وجود می آید. در ایران، APLL سعی کرد معادل هایی برای این اصطلاحات ایجاد کند. این شرایط پذیرش و جنبه های ارتباطی مشکل ساز بود. بنابراین، این تحقیق پیمایشی با هدف ارزیابی جنبههای ارتباطی معادلهای APLL بر اساس مدلهای Picht و Draskau، (1985) و De Beaugrande و Dressler (1992) انجام شد. برای این منظور، محقق ابتدا این مدلها را در 9 عبارت ترکیب کرد و سپس پنجاه معادل رایج و اصل انگلیسی آنها را انتخاب و به پرسشنامه ایستا در فرمهای گوگل تبدیل کرد. پس از تشکیل پرسشنامه، لینک آن ایجاد و برای سیصد و شصت کاربر و متخصص فناوری اطلاعات ارسال شد. از این تعداد 106 نفر از پرسشنامه ها بازدید و اظهارات را علامت گذاری کردند. بیانیه های پرسشنامه از نظر فراوانی و درصد پاسخ به اظهارات مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل دو نوع از پاسخ دهندگان را نشان داد: کسانی که موافق معادل های APLL بودند و کسانی که مخالف آنها بودند. سپس محقق فرکانس ها را به آمار توصیفی تبدیل کرد. با این حال، مشخص شد که گروه طرفدار نئولوژیسم های APLL (میانگین = 35) گزارش دادند که آنها جذاب، سازگار با قواعد مورفولوژی فارسی، پذیرفته شده اجتماعی، توجیه معنایی، مرتبط با ژانر، مختصر و مورد انتظار هستند. از سوی دیگر، گروه دیگری که مخالف معادلهای APLL برای اصطلاحات فناوری اطلاعات (میانگین=70.55) بودند، گزارش کردند که این عبارات با قواعد مورفولوژی فارسی، پذیرفتهشده اجتماعی، قابل توجیه معنایی، مرتبط با ژانر، مختصر و مورد انتظار همخوانی ندارند. علاوه بر این، گروه در برابر معادلهای APLL نسبت به این معادلها بهتر از گروه عمل کرد. همچنین، تجزیه و تحلیل سطح معنیداری رابطه بین دو گروه از طریق آزمون t نشان داد که از 0001/0p<، تفاوت بین دو گروه از نظر آماری معنیدار است. این مطالعه پیامدهایی برای معلمان، دانش آموزان و محققان در آموزش زبان، مطالعات ترجمه و زبان شناسی دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - روایت شناسی: تمرکز قابل تعویض در رنگ ارغوانی آلیس واکر
Atefeh Karami Torkashvandرمان معرفتی رمانی است که به صورت پیشروی از حروف مبادله شده بین شخصیت های داستان نوشته می شود. تمرکز یا پرسپکتیو یک ایده انتقادی در روایت شناسی است که به تصمیم گیری از دیدگاهی که داستان از آن روایت می شود اشاره دارد. این مقاله اثر بزرگ آلیس واکر، رنگ ارغوانی را در پرتو ف Moreرمان معرفتی رمانی است که به صورت پیشروی از حروف مبادله شده بین شخصیت های داستان نوشته می شود. تمرکز یا پرسپکتیو یک ایده انتقادی در روایت شناسی است که به تصمیم گیری از دیدگاهی که داستان از آن روایت می شود اشاره دارد. این مقاله اثر بزرگ آلیس واکر، رنگ ارغوانی را در پرتو فرضیه تمرکزی که توسط روایتشناس فرانسوی جرارد ژنت ایجاد شده است، بررسی میکند، که نقطه عطفی را بین داستاننویس و شخصیت اصلی ایجاد کرد. چهار نکته برجسته از تمرکز استفاده شده در این اثر را بررسی می کند: محدودیت مقاله نویسان نامه، سازگاری محققان نامه، تبادل شخصیت های مختلف مرکزی، و ساختار چند صدایی در اثر. این مقاله از دیدگاه روایتشناختی ادعا میکند که رنگ بنفش جایگاهی با استانداردهای پیشرفته از کتابهای معرفتی عالی دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - A Contact Problem of an Elastic Layer Compressed by Two Punches of Different Radii
K Seghir M Bendaoui R Benbouta -
Open Access Article
244 - Assessing the Impact of Shiraz Weekly Markets on Corona Outbreaks for Post-Corona Policy Making
yones gholami khodadoust askari somaee shahrokhiThe accident virus was reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and with a high ranking, it has affected the whole world and affected the lives of millions of people from various factors. The purpose of this research is. The statistical population of this study is all business MoreThe accident virus was reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and with a high ranking, it has affected the whole world and affected the lives of millions of people from various factors. The purpose of this research is. The statistical population of this study is all business owners in Shiraz in weekly markets. Cochran's formula was used for sampling and 180 samples were selected. The spatial domain of the research is the city of Shiraz and its temporal domain is September 1400. The method of data collection is a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in two sections: general and specific. The reliability of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient questionnaire was in the good category with a result of 0.887. Analysis and analytical statistics of the questionnaire including descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS software. The results showed that the virus has affected the lives of employees in Shiraz weekly markets several times. The results of the research based on t-test show that the level of significance of all components is less than 0.5, ie information on all components (employment, socio-cultural, financial, family, tourism, education, political and Psychological) had a significant effect (P <0.05) so that it has an effect on the components of money, finance and psychology and has the least effect on socio-cultural and political components This shows that in the post-corona era, we need comprehensive policies to address the economic problems of this group and prevent social vulnerability.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses and subsets of coronaviruses that range from the common cold virus to more acute illnesses such as SARS, Mers, and Covid. Coronaviruses were identified in the 1960s and continued to be studied until the mid-1980s. The virus is naturally prevalent in mammals and birds, yet seven coronaviruses have been detected in humans. The latest is the coronavirus Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-COV 2), which broke out in December 2019. In Iran, on February 20, 2017, due to the death of two patients with respiratory complications in Kamkar Hospital in Qom, the presence of this virus was detected in the country. As of March 30, 2017, 16 countries in Canada, Lebanon, the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Afghanistan, Iraq, Oman, Pakistan, Georgia, China, Estonia, New Zealand, Belarus, the United Kingdom, and Azerbaijan have announced that they have identified people with coronavirus. They are of Iranian origin. These wide-ranging challenges require a management frameworkThe outbreak of coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, China in late 2019, and with its high prevalence rate, it has affected all countries of the world and affected the lives of millions of people in various dimensions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of coronavirus on weekly market jobs in Shiraz. The statistical population of this study is all business owners in the weekly markets of ShirazMethodology: The statistical population of this study is all business owners in the weekly markets of Shiraz. For sampling, which is the process of selecting a number of members of the statistical community as a sample, Cochran's formula was used and 100 samples were selected. The research area is the city of Shiraz, whose location in the country and the province is shown in Figure (1). Its temporal realm is September 1400. The method of data collection is a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in two parts: general and specific. The questions of the public sector include 10 questions (including age, work experience, education, gender, field of activity, etc.) and the questions of the private sector include employment index (6 questions), socio-cultural index (5 questions), index Financial (5 questions), Family index (6 questions), Tourism index (5 questions), Education index (3 questions), Political index (5 questions), Mental and physical index (5 questions) are on a five-point scale. Likerts are scored by choosing one of the quality options. In order to assess the accuracy of the questionnaire, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked. The validity of the questionnaire indicates that the questions in the questionnaire are designed in line with the objectives of the research and can properly measure the achievement of the objectives of the research. In order to check the validity of the research questionnaire, it should be said that in conducting the questions of this questionnaire, research related to the subject, related sites and news, and surveys of employees in this field have been used. To measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which is designed based on the internal coordination of items with each other and is known as one of the coefficients of reliability or reliability, was used. The reliability of the questionnaire of this study was measured by SPSS software, which is classified as good with a result of 0.887.Results and discussion: The results showed that the corona virus from different dimensions has affected the lives of employees in the weekly markets of Shiraz. The results of the research based on t-test show that the significance level of all components is less than 0.5, ie corona on all components (employment, socio-cultural, financial, family, tourism, education, political and Psychological) had a significant effect (P <0.05) so that the greatest impact on the components of employment, financial and psychological and the least impact on socio-cultural and political components, this indicates that in the post-coronary period need We are a comprehensive policy to solve the economic problems of this group and prevent social vulnerability.Conclusion: Findings of this study on the negative impact of corona on employment with the results of the study of Taherinia and Hassanvand (1399) in his study entitled "Economic consequences of Covid-19 disease on the Iranian economy; Emphasizing Employment »showed that the prevalence of corona has a decreasing trend in employment and an increase in unemployment is similar. Also, the findings of this study on the negative impact of corona on education, employment, socio-cultural components, and family with the results of Jajarmi faith study (1399), which is an article entitled "Social consequences of the outbreak of Coronavirus in Iranian society" showed that Corona in areas such as family and education, labor relations and some social groups such as women, children, small business owners and immigrants, It has the most negative consequences, it is consistent. Also, the findings of this study on the negative impact of Corona on employment with the results of the study of the Statistics Institute (2020) which is an article entitled "The impact of Coronavirus on Iranian businesses" showed the negative effects of Coronavirus on reducing production and Iranian businesses The findings of this study on the negative impact of Corona on employment are the same as the results of the study by Bartik et al. The findings of this study on the negative impact of corona on employment are related to the results of the Kosheleh study (2020), which showed in an article, entitled "The collapse of jobs and workers in India: the impact of the coronavirus". The coronavirus has had a negative impact on employment and business in India. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Effect of environmental practices in creating sustainable development (Case: Bushehr city)
Golamreza JafariniaThe overall objective of this study is to investigate Effect of environmental practices in creating sustainable developmentSecondary objective of the study is study on relation between social associations, social norms and social trust and environmental social behaviors MoreThe overall objective of this study is to investigate Effect of environmental practices in creating sustainable developmentSecondary objective of the study is study on relation between social associations, social norms and social trust and environmental social behaviors of the employees of Bushehr. The research method in this study is survey method. Our study population is 60,850 people of busher employees that have been chosen using Cochran formula with sample size of 381 people. This statistical population is done by cluster sampling. We processed data using AMOS and SPSS software. The results of the statistical analysis show that according to the data regression model have done and Pearson correlation coefficient and significance level obtained from the regression, since significance levels in three variables of social associations, social norms and social trust were 0.00 that is smaller than 0.05 and also significance levels of structural equalities using AMOS software were 0.027, 0.024 and 0.012 respectively and all are smaller than 0.05, there is a relationship between these three assumptions and environmental social behaviors of bushehr. In the other words, all these three assumptions in this study have been confirmed.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Today, political and economic crises and issues such as limited fossil fuel sustainability, environmental concerns, growing congestion, economic growth and consumption are all universal issues that are widely considered by thinkers to find appropriate solutions to energy problems in The world, and especially the environmental crises, have been preoccupied. On the one hand, in the current world, the economic and political support of countries depends on their productivity of fossil resources, and the depletion of fossil resources is not only a threat to the economies of exporting countries, but also a major concern for the economic system of importing nations. . Owners of natural resources and reserves, on the other hand, are well aware that their current withdrawals from their resources will require less productivity in the future and eventually "depletion of resources in the short term." are significant reasons that warn the need to change people's consumption attitudes. Energy practice and of course improving the environmental behaviors of people in general and modifying the consumption pattern in part in relation to energy resources in our country is also felt more and more, because preventing the waste of fossil fuel resources, in addition to rapid access More to sustainable development and conservation of resources for future generations, reducing environmental pollution that one One of the main problems of today's societies will be that human beings today live in a world in crisis. In recent decades, in addition to social, economic, political and value crises, which are considered serious threats, environmental problems and crises must be added to the list of global crises. Ever since man set foot on the planet, there has been a constant and stable interaction between him and the natural world. However, achieving behavioral changes in relation to a particular topic, first requires a change in people's attitudes toward the same topic. Therefore, understanding environmental attitudes is the primary goal of researchers in gaining new insights in order to help research in environmental behaviors. Sears' studies show that there are four levels of change in the individual. First, the individual's knowledge must change (education), this change in knowledge causes a change in attitude, and a change in attitude causes a change in individual behavior, and a change in individual behavior causes a change in group behavior. Thus, changing one's attitude towards one's personal knowledge requires more time. Changes in a person's attitude can affect his behavior and ultimately his group behavior (social and organizational)Methodology: This research has been done as a survey. In sampling based on Cochran's logical formula, the optimal confidence level in this research is considered to be 0.95, so the desired probability level (d) is equal to 0.05 and the size of the variable in the natural distribution or The reliability coefficient (t) is equal to 1.96. Estimation can be used to determine variance. The largest sample required to answer a research question is obtained when the probability of having an adjective or being in sample (p) is 0.5. In this case, the standard error is minimized. As a result, the probability of not having an adjective or not being in sample (q) will be equal to 0.5.Results: Hypothesis v1 Test: There seems to be a relationship between civic participation networks and environmental social behaviors of Bushehr citizens - The weight obtained between civic participation networks and environmental social behaviors of Bushehr citizens is equal to 0.11. This number is interpreted to mean that the direct effects of the two variables on each other are equal to 11%. The level of significance between the two variables of civic participation networks and environmental social behaviors is equal to 0.027. (Because the significant level between v1 and v5 is less than 0.05). Therefore, there is a relationship between civic participation networks and environmental social behaviors of Bushehr citizens Hypothesis v2 test: There seems to be a relationship between social norms and social environmental behaviors of Bushehr citizens. - The weight obtained between social norms and social environmental behaviors of Bushehr citizens is equal to 0.11. This number is interpreted to mean that the direct effects of the two variables on each other are equal to 11%. The significance level between the two variables of social norms and environmental social behaviors is equal to 0.024 (because the significance level between v2 and v5 is less than 0.05). Therefore, there is a relationship between social norms and environmental social behaviors of Bushehr citizens. Hypothesis v3 test: There seems to be a relationship between social trust and social environmental behaviors of Bushehr citizens. - The weight obtained between social trust and social environmental behaviors of Bushehr citizens is equal to 0.12. This number is interpreted to mean that the direct effects of the two variables on each other are equal to 12%. The level of significance between the two variables of social trust and environmental social behaviors is equal to 0.012 (because the level of significance between v3 and v5 is less than 0.05). Therefore, there is a relationship between social trust and environmental social behaviors of Bushehr citizens. Hypothesis of v1-v3 test: It seems that there is a relationship between the network of civil participation and social trust in the citizens of Bushehr. - The weight obtained between the network of civil participation and social trust in the citizens of Bushehr is equal to 0.21. This number is interpreted as the direct effects of two variables on each other equal to 0.21 percent. Also, there is no relationship between the Civil Participation Network and the social trust of the citizens of Bushehr. (Because the significant level between 3 v and v1 is greater than 0.05).Conclusion: With the formation of environmental sociology, over the years, the importance of research on environmental issues also increased. Sociologists who have studied environmental issues at different times in history have considered different areas. According to the five areas that Butel has identified for this area of sociology, namely: the new human ecosystem; Environmental attitudes, values and behaviors; Environmental movement; Technological risk and risk assessment; And political economy in environmental policy, the present study in general, is based on the fifth category of this classification. Because it seeks to study the behavior, attitudes and environmental values of individuals (Salehi: 55, 2010). In other words, this research is placed on issues related to the relationship between society and the environment, a topic that is examined by the sociology of the environment as a sub-branch of sociology. Gücken et al. Is (same). Researchers in many fields believe that countries cause serious and irreparable damage to the environment under the pretext of achieving technological development. Since Iran is currently one of the developing countries in the world rankings, it may be necessary to pay full attention to the environment and prevent its destruction and damage in order to achieve development horizons. , It seems necessary. The main issue of this research is the issue of environmental social behaviors. Iran has rich energy reserves and natural resources, but has always had problems due to the lack of conscious use of these resources and their misuse. Perhaps changing the social behavior of individuals in relation to this issue was the main goal on which this research was initially based. It seemed that by changing habits, raising awareness and leading people to pay more attention to the environment and related issues, a solution could be found for this issue. Therefore, a set of factors that seemed to be able to explain the significant environmental behavior of individuals based on theoretical approaches and previous research, were included in the analytical model and their indicators were considered. A questionnaire including demographic variables, environmental social behaviors, civic participation networks, social norms and social trust was made available to the sample. Data were collected and analyzed using statistical software, which is summarized below. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Entrepreneurial value policy with sustainable urban development (Case Study: City in Golestan Province)
nafiseh varkiani poor mahmood reza cheraghali In Iran, the development and promotion of entrepreneurship is one of the serious needs of society and identifying the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship and how they interact with each other is essentia More In Iran, the development and promotion of entrepreneurship is one of the serious needs of society and identifying the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship and how they interact with each other is essential. On the other hand, the employment of Iranian men in recent years has become particularly sensitive for various reasons. In this paper, mixed research method, applied and basic research type, descriptive and inferential statistical method. The demographic characteristics of the experts are examined and analyzed, and then the components of the entrepreneurial value chain and sustainable urban development are identified using the opinion of the experts (who are the top 20 male entrepreneurs in Golestan province) and Using the fuzzy Delphi method and performing fuzzy decompression of the sieve and the components of the desired variables are selected. Also, the validity and reliability of the questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha and the normality of the distribution of components and statistical sample by Klomogronov test Smirnov and t-test of the student are performed. In the first part of the dissertation, using the method of hierarchical analysis process and using Expertchoice software, prioritizes and ranks the dimensions and components of the entrepreneurial value chain (by 198 entrepreneurial men in Golestan province). Be. In the second part of the dissertation, to measure the relationship between entrepreneurship development based on entrepreneurial value chain and sustainable urban development, correlation research and structural equations and factor analysis test method using Smart pls2 software have been used, which is a significant relationship. Entrepreneurial value chain policy leads to sustainable urban development.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Since the development of men's entrepreneurship through the process of innovation and taking advantage of opportunities with a lot of effort and hard work and with the acceptance of financial, psychological and social risks, which of course with the motivation of financial gain, success, satisfaction and transfer The role of men's entrepreneurship in sustainable urban development is important. In Iran, the development and promotion of entrepreneurship is one of the serious needs of society and identifying the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship and how they interact with each other is essential. On the other hand, the employment of Iranian men in recent years has become particularly sensitive for various reasons.Methodology: In this paper, mixed research method, applied and basic research type, descriptive and inferential statistical method. The demographic characteristics of the experts are examined and analyzed, and then the components of the entrepreneurial value chain and sustainable urban development are identified using the opinion of the experts (who are the top 20 male entrepreneurs in Golestan province) and Using the fuzzy Delphi method and performing fuzzy decompression of the sieve and the components of the desired variables are selected. Also, the validity and reliability of the questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha and the normality of the distribution of components and statistical sample by Klomogronov test Smirnov and t-test of the student are performed. In the first part of the dissertation, using the method of hierarchical analysis process and using Expertchoice software, prioritizes and ranks the dimensions and components of the entrepreneurial value chain (by 198 entrepreneurial men in Golestan province).Results and discussion: Be. In the second part of the dissertation, to measure the relationship between entrepreneurship development based on entrepreneurial value chain and sustainable urban development, correlation research and structural equations and factor analysis test method using Smart pls2 software have been used, which is a significant relationship. Entrepreneurial value chain policy leads to sustainable urban development. Therefore, applying the components of entrepreneurial value chain in basic activities such as (personality traits to take advantage of opportunities, the ability to attract the necessary resources, create added value, establish constructive communication, high risk-taking, creativity and Innovation and decision-making power for entrepreneurship, knowledge of work techniques, business management skills, ability to cooperate and have a good understanding of the business (and components of secondary activities, including Creating a culture to develop the right attitude and strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit, respond to the needs of market customers and increase competition and create a motivating factor for innovation, teaching entrepreneurial skills and laying the groundwork for new knowledge, appropriate educational planning by government-politics Financial Risks and Support (Appropriate Government Policies for Entrepreneurship Development). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Examining the aspects of musical aesthetics of Nusrat Rahmani's group (Kooch and Kavir).
ali khooshechin koros karimpasandi naeeme kia lashaki vajihe torkamani barandooziAbstract:Music is one of the prominent features of language and music of speech is one of the most prominent manifestations of poetry. Poetry does not have much effect and beauty without having musical aspects. One of the main characteristics of Nimayi poetry, in compar MoreAbstract:Music is one of the prominent features of language and music of speech is one of the most prominent manifestations of poetry. Poetry does not have much effect and beauty without having musical aspects. One of the main characteristics of Nimayi poetry, in comparison with classical poetry, is the evolution in the types of verbal music and the use of its types. In this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner, the types of music (external, lateral, internal and spiritual) in Nosrat Rahmani's "Koch va Kavir" collection have been studied. The results show that Rahmani in this collection has used internal music (types of repetitions and puns) to create a kind of unity in the axis of companionship and the effect of his words. To create fit, beauty and rhythm of his poems, he has used external and side music. In this section, Rahmani has used about twelve prosody weights. Most of his quatrains in this collection are without "rows" and only the rhyme forms the side music. He has also used the aesthetic elements of speech such as (simile, metaphor, proportion, paradox, sensuality, symbol, permissible and contradiction) to add semantic richness and strengthen the spiritual music of his words. And finally, the use of pure and beautiful combinations with respect to the connection with music and imagination, has caused it to be closer to the ultimate goal of poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Inspection and Analysis of the Role of Command and Prohibition in the Fifth Book of Molavi's Masnavi
masoomeh habibvand Mohammad Sadegh tafazzoliAbstractThis research, titled "Inspection and Analysis of the Role of Command and Prohibition in the Fifth Book of Molavi's Masnavi," intends to employ the analytic-library method to inspect two of the common terms of the Molana's poetics culture, "Command and Prohibiti MoreAbstractThis research, titled "Inspection and Analysis of the Role of Command and Prohibition in the Fifth Book of Molavi's Masnavi," intends to employ the analytic-library method to inspect two of the common terms of the Molana's poetics culture, "Command and Prohibition," by referring to the fifth book of Masnavi-e Ma'navi and Principles of the Meanings Science. Therefore, it shows these terms nature and manner in order to discover the secondary meanings of some verses in the mentioned work. The end of the rules and principles of the meaning science is not to inspect the literal meaning of the sentences, but to inspect the sentences' secondary meanings that can be expressed. In this science, sentences are divided into two categories: declarative and composite (Ensha'i). Declarative sentences are those having truth and falsehood qualities; however, composite sentences are those with no truth and falsehood qualities. According to the results of this research, Masnavi-e Molavi is a mystical and didactic book; therefore, Molana's extensive use of command and prohibition is obvious. We better understand the issue when we know that Molana's mind uses different methods to implant the ethical and mystical concepts into the audience's mind and conscience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - بررسی سبکشناختیِ غزلیاتِ سعدی شیرازی در زنده انگاری عناصر طبیعت
Touran Ziamotlag manizhe fallahi reza fahimiAbstractimportant critical approaches that, by studying the structure of the text and analyzing its elements, in three levels of aerial, method and rhetoric, the communication between these levels and the literary, aesthetic and emotional aspects of the text structure. MoreAbstractimportant critical approaches that, by studying the structure of the text and analyzing its elements, in three levels of aerial, method and rhetoric, the communication between these levels and the literary, aesthetic and emotional aspects of the text structure. Animation is from the perspective of the life of the mosque, and in this belief, the mosques understand their existence, the creator and the cause of the world outside themselves and praise God. Saadi's ghazliat has the ability to analyse the physiology of nature's poetry. The results of this set show that, at the Avi level, Saadi, aviary elements, besides beauty and absorption of the mind, in listening to poetry music, it allows the audience to relate the concept. At a combined level, the application of unique compositions, nature, and dynamics of the combined functions of the abyss in terms of language, life, and unanimity, and the meaning is similar to the writing form, highlighted and significant impact on the audience. At a literary level, the use of linguistic illustrations such as the metaphorical image, symbol, concept of nature, the cause of the creation of expressions, images and participation of the audience has been placed on the active side of the text equation. Revival in words: May the wind, plants, mountains and heavenly crimes be greater. Writers, with an analytical way of describing the cognitive style of the concept of life in Saadi Ghazliat,Keywords: Styling, Life Nature, Ghazlia, Saadi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Climatic color in the poetry of Mohammad Biabani
mohammad moradi pooran yosefipoor Fatemeh Ghafuri Mehdi abadThe poet Mohammad Biabanizadeh is from the southern climate. A climate that has sided with the sea and the land and is inextricably linked to the scorching heat. He was born in Bushehr and spent his childhood in the same city. The living environment and natural climate MoreThe poet Mohammad Biabanizadeh is from the southern climate. A climate that has sided with the sea and the land and is inextricably linked to the scorching heat. He was born in Bushehr and spent his childhood in the same city. The living environment and natural climate seem to have an ineffective effect on Asnan. Which examine these effects in the works of poets and writers under the title of climatic or local color. Local color or climatic character is a term that expresses these effects in the poetry of poets. It is with nature that in contemporary Iranian poetry, it first appeared in Nima's poetry and then in the poems of poets after him, it was noticed and welcomed. This research seeks to answer the question of why and to what extent Mohammad Biabani was able to reflect the southern climate in his poetry through the method of analytical-descriptive library study. And the results indicate that besides Boom His poems are full of climatic colors in all of his poems and the most prominent linguistic feature of his poems after Vazgani Archaism is the prominence of the color of climate and southern nature and his fondness and interest in his ecology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Examine some stylistic features or poetic images In the poems of Hakim Sanai Ghaznavi
narjes keikha msood akbarizadeh behrooz romianiHakim Sanai Ghaznavi is one of the famous speakers of Iraqi style and mystical poetry who has left works of poetry and prose in his memory. done. The power of imagery is always a hallmark of a poet. Therefore, the present article is devoted to the study of poetic images MoreHakim Sanai Ghaznavi is one of the famous speakers of Iraqi style and mystical poetry who has left works of poetry and prose in his memory. done. The power of imagery is always a hallmark of a poet. Therefore, the present article is devoted to the study of poetic images (similes and metaphors) in Sanai poetry. In this article, poetry and imagination (image) are mentioned. The similes and metaphors of Hakim Sanaei's poems have been studied in terms of frequency, subject (pictorial elements), compactness and breadth, as well as in terms of the poet's purpose in bringing these images.Hakim Sanai Ghaznavi is one of the famous speakers of Iraqi style and mystical poetry who has left works of poetry and prose in his memory. done. The power of imagery is always a hallmark of a poet. Therefore, the present article is devoted to the study of poetic images (similes and metaphors) in Sanai poetry. In this article, poetry and imagination (image) are mentioned. The similes and metaphors of Hakim Sanaei's poems have been studied in terms of frequency, subject (pictorial elements), compactness and breadth, as well as in terms of the poet's purpose in bringing these images. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - study andalysis of allusion in saeb tabrizis poems
mohammadvali mardani roqayeh rezaei hesam ziaeeSaeb tabrizi as a representative of a style that is known for it’s novelty,new style and innovation, is one of the most prominent lyrics poets in Iran,which is located between two main currents of the Indian style: from the end of the tenth century Persian poetry MoreSaeb tabrizi as a representative of a style that is known for it’s novelty,new style and innovation, is one of the most prominent lyrics poets in Iran,which is located between two main currents of the Indian style: from the end of the tenth century Persian poetry to an enigmatic difficulty.It turns out of the most poetic themes are the result of linguistic manipulation and aberrations that are achieved through trying to discover new relationship.Hint, like other literary industries, can play a prominent role in arousing emotions and the inductive and imaginative power of speech, provided that it enjoys strong artistic themes. In the Indian style, the use of allusion has a high frequency compared to other literary techniques due to its special style. In the meanwhile, the longing for themes and the hunting of narrow and astonishing themes cause Saeb to use allusions and gestures far more than others. Saeb often uses allusion as a tool to create his themes, regardless of any depth and high human ideas and thoughts, for various subjects, especially the ontological system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Analyzing the phonetic and lexical aesthetics of the collections (Akher Shahnameh and Azan Avesta) of the Akhwan sales with a norm-avoidance approach
ali khooshechin naeeme kia lashaki vajihe torkamani barandoozi koros karimpasandiLiterary aesthetics is one of the most important and significant methods of investigating the concepts and themes of literary points and the manifestation of the beauties in the language of poetry, which has been given a lot of attention. Phonetic and lexical levels are MoreLiterary aesthetics is one of the most important and significant methods of investigating the concepts and themes of literary points and the manifestation of the beauties in the language of poetry, which has been given a lot of attention. Phonetic and lexical levels are among the areas that can be investigated in the language field according to the theory of "norm avoidance". This means that the developments that occur in the phonetic level of the language ultimately cause its stylistic identification in the musical field. Examining lexical aesthetics also has a decisive role in distinguishing the style of poets' poetry. This article, which is done in a descriptive-analytical way, is devoted to the investigation of phonetic and lexical aesthetics in two prominent works of the Third Brotherhood (from this Avesta - the last of the Shahnameh). The obtained results indicate that Mehdi Akhwan Al-Talihi chose deviation from standard language rules as a method for creating pure poetic themes and creating stylistic distinction in musical and linguistic fields. In phonetic aesthetics, Akhwan has used processes such as: Abdal, ghosts, relief, intensification, deletion and addition in the most beautiful way. The lexical aesthetic of Akhwan has also been done mostly in the areas of composition and archaism in the fields of (noun-verb-adjective and letter). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Conceptual metaphor in Saadi's ghazal (based on Likoff and Johnson's theory)
nazanin baharvand masoud sepahvandi ghasem sahraeiLanguage has never been free of metaphor at any time and at any level, whether in everyday and automatic language or in literary or scientific language. The fusion of metaphor with experience is such that it is thought that a metaphor can never be understood independent MoreLanguage has never been free of metaphor at any time and at any level, whether in everyday and automatic language or in literary or scientific language. The fusion of metaphor with experience is such that it is thought that a metaphor can never be understood independently of its empirical basis, or even possible to represent it in an appropriate way. Conceptual The systematic dependence of metaphorical expressions on metaphorical concepts allows us to study metaphorical linguistic expressions to understand and understand the nature of metaphorical concepts of our activities. Because of this systematicity, it is possible to understand one aspect of a concept in terms of another aspect. This article examines this type of metaphor in Saadi's ghazals by basing its research method on the conceptual metaphor theory of Likoff and Johnson. . The most cognitive concepts in Saadi's sonnets belong to natural elements and spheres of power. The high frequency of a name map means that this concept has a high dominance in the poet's mind and Saadi is either in conflict with these concepts or in association with them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Pedagogy of Aptitude in an EFL Context: Scale Development through a Thematic Analysis Approach
Fariba Feyzbar Leila Akbarpour Firooz SadighiAbstract: This study aimed to develop a language teaching aptitude scale for Iranian EFL teachers by using a qualitative thematic analysis approach. The participants of this study consisted of thirty (fifteen males and fifteen females) EFL experts who were Ph.D. holders MoreAbstract: This study aimed to develop a language teaching aptitude scale for Iranian EFL teachers by using a qualitative thematic analysis approach. The participants of this study consisted of thirty (fifteen males and fifteen females) EFL experts who were Ph.D. holders in TEFL with more than twenty years of teaching EFL at different universities in Iran and at least one published paper on language teaching aptitude. They were selected through purposive sampling from different universities. To collect the required data, a semi-structured interview was used as well as the existing literature and documents on English language teaching aptitude. Data analysis was conducted using the thematic analysis approach. The following themes emerged as the components of the English language teaching aptitude scale: inter-personal relationship skill, motivation-making ability, time management ability, needs analysis ability, positive thinking skills, critical thinking ability, verbal intelligence, mastery over different teaching methods, evaluation skills, and English language proficiency. Based on the identified components, a scale consisting of 10 sub-scales including inter-personal relationship skills (16 items), motivation-making ability (4 items), time management ability (4 items), needs analysis ability (4 items), positive thinking skills (15 items), critical thinking ability (8 items), verbal intelligence (5 items), mastery over different teaching methods (13 items), evaluation skills (13 items), and English language proficiency (7 items) were developed for English language teaching aptitude for an Iranian EFL context. The scale included 90 five-point Likert items ranging from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - The Effect of Using EFL Learners’ Mother Tongue on Their Grammatical Knowledge Improvement: Investigating Two Proficiency Levels
Sara Shafiee Leila AkbarpourABSTRACTThe present quasi-experimental study aimed at exploring whether using EFL learners' mother tongue has any influence on EFL learners' grammatical knowledge improvement at two proficiency levels, i.e., elementary and intermediate. It also aimed at investigating wh MoreABSTRACTThe present quasi-experimental study aimed at exploring whether using EFL learners' mother tongue has any influence on EFL learners' grammatical knowledge improvement at two proficiency levels, i.e., elementary and intermediate. It also aimed at investigating whether there were any differences between elementary and intermediate EFL learners' grammatical knowledge improvement as a result of using their L1 in the classroom. To achieve this goal, 30 elementary and 32 intermediate Iranian EFL learners aged between 16 and 32 were chosen from an English institute in Shiraz. The sampling procedure was of a non-probability convenience type. The participants were divided into two experimental and two control groups. First, Oxford Placement Test was used to homogenize the participants at each proficiency level. Moreover, to investigate the effectiveness of the treatment and also compare the two proficiency levels regarding the effectiveness of the treatment, two teacher-made multiple-choice grammar tests, one for the elementary level and another for the intermediate level participants, were employed. Each of these tests was used both as the pre- and the post-test. In order to answer the research questions, independent and paired samples t-tests were run, and the effect sizes were estimated. The findings highlighted that the experimental groups at both proficiency levels significantly outperformed the control groups on their posttests. In addition, it was concluded that using L1 had a slightly greater effect on grammatical knowledge improvement of elementary than intermediate learners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - The Influences of Neo-Platonic Thoughts on Islamic Mystic
reza ashraf zadeh roja Poorfaraj Beig'zadeh Islamic mysticism is a phenomenon formed on the grounds of philosophical and theosophical thoughts. This rich cultural process holds many meanings and teachings of previous schools of thought. Neo-Platonic philosophy is an important origin for Islamic mysticism More Islamic mysticism is a phenomenon formed on the grounds of philosophical and theosophical thoughts. This rich cultural process holds many meanings and teachings of previous schools of thought. Neo-Platonic philosophy is an important origin for Islamic mysticism and Sufism, reflected in the works of the outstanding mystics of the 6th and 7th Hegira centuries: Farid al-Din Attar Neishaburi and Jalal al-Din Mohammad Balkhi. Discovery, classification, and explication of the components existing in the Neo-Platonic philosophical system in Attar’s and Mowlavi’s poems reveal deep influences of Plato on these two summits of Islamic mysticism. The present article tries to present some evidence for this deep and basic influence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Effective strategies for the establishment of integration model for succession planning and career progression path of iranian azad universities administrators (Qualitative Research Based Grounded Theory Approach)
Ali Raeespoor Siros Tadbiri Alireza Afshar Nejad -
Open Access Article
259 - Effect of Bank Facilities on Employment: an Approach based on STR Model
Ali Sheikhi Mehrabadi -
Open Access Article
260 - Impact of Internal Control Weaknesses on Financial Reporting Risk
mohsen azhdar mohsen dastgir saeid aliahmadi -
Open Access Article
261 - Evaluating the Asymmetric Effects of Parallel Financial Markets Shocks on Financial and Commercial Risk as well as Cash Returns
Farzin Axon Seyed Hossein Nasl Mousavi Abbas Ali Pour AghajanListed companies are always affected by shocks and instabilities in parallel financial markets such as exchange rates and gold. Knowledge of how these impacts are useful for managing companies and investors to make optimal decisions regarding risk management, financing MoreListed companies are always affected by shocks and instabilities in parallel financial markets such as exchange rates and gold. Knowledge of how these impacts are useful for managing companies and investors to make optimal decisions regarding risk management, financing and investment. Therefore, in this study, the effect of investigating the asymmetric effects of parallel financial markets shock on stock returns and financial and commercial risk of 262 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2010 using the Generalized Torque (GMM) approach. Been investigated. The results show that the negative and positive shocks of the exchange rate and the price of gold have an asymmetric effect on trade risk, finance and stock returns. These asymmetric effects apply in terms of size, sign and significance. Positive gold price shocks also have a negative effect on trade risk and a positive effect on financial risk, but these shocks do not have a significant effect on stock returns. In contrast, the impact of negative gold price shocks on financial risk is negative and market returns are positive (the impact of negative shock on trade risk is not statistically significant). Based on the above results, it can be stated that corporate operating costs and financing costs are affected by price shocks in the gold and foreign exchange markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Multilevel Convergence, Cluster Fluctuations, Price Bubbles and Fractal Structure; an Experimental Investigation by Foundation Factor Simulation
Farzin Axon Seyed Hossein Nasl Mousavi Abbas Ali Pour AghajanAbstract Cluster fluctuations and fractal structures are the two important features of space-time correlation in complex financial systems. However, the microscopic mechanism of creating and expanding these two features in financial markets remains challenging. In the p MoreAbstract Cluster fluctuations and fractal structures are the two important features of space-time correlation in complex financial systems. However, the microscopic mechanism of creating and expanding these two features in financial markets remains challenging. In the present study, using factor-based model design and considering a new interactive mechanism called multilevel convergence, the process of forming cluster fluctuations according to the fractal structure of financial markets is investigated. Virtual agents' trade in different groups according to market performance and their mass behavior is measured at three levels of stock, segment and market. The results, in addition to providing new insights into the space-time correlations of financial markets, show that multilevel convergence is one of the microscopic mechanisms of microstructure of such markets. In other words, multilevel collective behavior is an important factor in the occurrence of cluster fluctuations, price bubbles and market fractals and therefore should be considered in interpreting the concept of risk and defining risk management strategies from this perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - The Study of Life Table and Possibility Mass Production of Lady Beetle Cryptolaemus montrozieri in vitro Conditions
A. R. Jalalizand S. ShiranCryptolaemus montrouzieri is one of the most important predators of Citrus and Tea Flour, which is very effective in controlling the biological quality of the insect. In this research, we attempted to increase the number of chick peas with nutrition from a kind of citru MoreCryptolaemus montrouzieri is one of the most important predators of Citrus and Tea Flour, which is very effective in controlling the biological quality of the insect. In this research, we attempted to increase the number of chick peas with nutrition from a kind of citrus pepper and we obtained its livelihood. For this purpose, the flour dough and flakes were measured at 27 ± 2 ° C and relative humidity of 75 ± 5 Percentage and period of light 16 hours of brightness and 8 hours of darkness on two hosts of germinated potatoes and pumpkin seeds were studied. In order to calculate the standard error, the growth parameters of the population were measured by using Jack Nayef method. The net growth rate on potato and squash was calculated to be 203.75 and 567.55, respectively. The intrinsic rate of population increase in potatoes was 99/8 and in the middle of 10/28/10, the net reproduction rate in potatoes was 203.55 and in pumpkin 567.58 and the length of one generation in potatoes 42.41 and in pumpkin 50.44 respectively. The days were calculated. The results showed that the positive effects of host plant on the growth parameters of chicken dip in the feeding of flour mash on pumpkin compared with potatoes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Species Diversity of Mites from the Macrochelidae Family (Acari: Mesostigmata) in Some Areas of Shiraz
نواب asadpor Hadi Ostovan sh. hesamiIntroduction : Species diversity is one of the most significant indicators of changes in ecosystems. Due to their nutritional diversity, abundance, and ubiquity, mites can be a good representative of arthropods in the soil. Whereas Mesostigmatic mites are the largest in MoreIntroduction : Species diversity is one of the most significant indicators of changes in ecosystems. Due to their nutritional diversity, abundance, and ubiquity, mites can be a good representative of arthropods in the soil. Whereas Mesostigmatic mites are the largest in terms of number and distribution in Parasitiformes and are able to live among different terrestrial habitats, they can be of great ecological importance. Therefore, the diversity of stigmatic mites from the Macrochelidae family was studied in 2016 in Shiraz.Material and Methods : A total number of eight species of two genera belonging to the Macrochelidae family was identified and collected from 12 plant hosts in the parks of Shiraz. The highest number of samples was collected in spring and autumn. The highest to lowest samples were collected in October and July, respectively. Among the plant hosts, Piracanta with 109 samples and pine with 33 samples had the highest to lowest hosts, respectively. Biodiversity was calculated with Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Margalf, Pete, Manhink indices using Past 4.02 and Spss23 softwareDiscussion : Macrocheles glaber (Muller, 1860) with 170 specimens (22%) and Glyptholaspis confusa (Foa) with 17 specimens (2.2%) had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively.Result : The highest values of Simpson index 0.8553 and Shannon 1.985 are related to winter, and the lowest values are 0.8235 and 1.834, respectively, related to summer while the Manning coefficient is 0.7 and the Margalf coefficient 1.315 and they are the lowest values in summer. The highest coefficients of Simpson and Shannon which are 0.8617 and 2.021 respectively, can be seen in Azadi Park. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Identification of the bacterial microflora of fresh edible yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.)
s. mohammad salim sohrab imani m. abdi godarzi n. hasan zadeh v. zarin niyaThe edible insects are consumed as an alternative animal protein source by most Asian countries. Since there is a limited evidence for their safety particularly from microbiological aspects, an attempt was made to assess the microbial population of Tenebrio molitor L. s MoreThe edible insects are consumed as an alternative animal protein source by most Asian countries. Since there is a limited evidence for their safety particularly from microbiological aspects, an attempt was made to assess the microbial population of Tenebrio molitor L. samples in laboratory conditions. Primary stocks were purchased from a local market, in Sari- a city in north of Iran. Microbial samples were prepared from both body surfaces and guts of insect. Samples were individually and cultured on nutrient agar (NA), incubated at taken 270C for 24-72h. Distinguished colonies were isolated and purified. Based on phenotypic characteristics, hypersensitive response (HR) on geranium leaves, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, the isolates were categorized into two groups. The pathogenic isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter asburiae, Bacillus firmus and Serratia marcescens. Whereas, the nonpathogenic bacteria were assigned as Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus thuringiensis. Undoubtedly, the presence of pathogenic microbes in the microflora of mealworm larvae by direct and indirect consumption of insect may pose a threat to human and animal health. These findings suggest an implementation of certain processing methods in order to decrease or eradicate risks of microbial contamination of diets using natural insects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Applying quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) model to predict the toxicity of pesticide carbamates using computation methods and molecular descriptors
Seyedeh Azadeh Moosavi Esmat Mohammadinasab Tahereh Momeni IsfahaniIn this study, we performed quantum mechanics computation at density function theory level with 6-31G* basis set to construct a quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) model for predicting lethal dose (LD50) pesticide carbamates derivatives. The best molecul MoreIn this study, we performed quantum mechanics computation at density function theory level with 6-31G* basis set to construct a quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) model for predicting lethal dose (LD50) pesticide carbamates derivatives. The best molecular descriptors were selected using genetic algorithm (GA) by MATLAB software. Then, we studied the relationship between the selected descriptors and the logLD50 of carbamate derivatives using backward-stepwise multiple linear regression (BW-MLR) and backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) models. The RDF010e, WW, and R3e descriptors were applied for modeling the GA-BWMLR and GA-BPANN models. The comparison of results illustrated that the R2 and Q2 of GA-BPANN model for all set were significantly higher than the GA-BWMLR model. The GA-BPANN model was more accurate with lower mean square error (MSE), root-mean-square error (RMSE), standard error of prediction (SEP), and absolute average deviation (ADD) values of data set for predicting the LD50 of studied carbamates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Comparison the effect of DG oil with Spirotetramat and Dinotefuran on common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hem.: Aphalaridae) in different cities of Iran
Elham Sanatgar H. Fakori M. R. Lashkari E. SedaghatfarThe common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae is a key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. Both adults and nymphs cause great economic damages by sucking sap and produce large amounts of honeydew. The continued use of pesticides to control A. pistaciae leads to resist MoreThe common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae is a key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. Both adults and nymphs cause great economic damages by sucking sap and produce large amounts of honeydew. The continued use of pesticides to control A. pistaciae leads to resistant of its populations to several pesticides and inefficiencies in biological control, resulting in pest outbreaks. In the present study, Field experiments were conducted during 2019–2020 on pistachio trees, the Ahmad Aghaei cultivar, in Kerman, Yazd, Qom, Khorasan Razavi, Khorasan Shomali, Khorasan Jonoubi, Semnan, Fars, Markazi, and Esfahan provinces to evaluate the effect of DG oil on A. pistaciae in comparison with the two pesticides Spirotetramat and Dinotefuran. The sampling was carried out a day before spraying and 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-treatment. The experiments were conducted based on complete randomized blocks with four treatments (included the recommended dosage of DG oil (0.5 liter1000 liter water/ha), Spirotetramat (1 liter/1000 liter water/ha), Dinotefuran (0.75 kg/ 1000 liter water/ha and control (Spraying with water) and four replications. Results showed a high performance of DG oil starting from the first day after spraying and Continued for four weeks. Compared to Spirotetramat and Dinotofuran, DG oil had a suitable and satisfied performance. DG oil is recommended as the most environment-friendly and IPM compatible compound to control A. pistaciae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Determination of residual concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides in surface and groundwater sources supplying drinking water of Tehran city
سهراب Imani E. Dezfouli Shila Goldasteh reza vafaie K. LarijaniPollution of water resources by increased use of pesticides is one of the environmental problems. The aim of present research is the determination of residual Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos in surface and groundwater resources of Tehran city (2018). 12 samples were taken fro MorePollution of water resources by increased use of pesticides is one of the environmental problems. The aim of present research is the determination of residual Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos in surface and groundwater resources of Tehran city (2018). 12 samples were taken from 6 water source stations in 3 geographical regions on Tehran city. we designed new experiments to evaluate the rate of decomposition of pesticides in water, consider the two states of stagnant and current water, each sample was impregnated with 3 Liters of water with 50 mg/L, the active ingredient of the formulation of each of the pesticides studied, then the extraction method was performed at intervals of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days. The liquid-liquid extraction method was used and residual pesticides measurement was accomplished by GC/ NPD. In the stagnant water samples of all the stations, the results of the mean concentration of 3 replicates show a decreasing trend of the residual concentration of the pesticides in over time, but in the 25th day of extraction, the residual amount of pesticides did not reach zero, but in the current water samples, the results showed that the residual concentration of the pesticides was not measurable from the 15th to the 25th day of extraction. The simulation of the current state of the water using the aquarium pump is likely to increased oxidation of pesticides has increased their rate of degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Toxicity and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil as a Juvenile hormone analog on Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Siavash Tirgari A. R. Rahimzadeh سهراب imani Y. Fathi purThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is a serious pest of grains such as wheat. In the present study, the lethal and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil were studied against T. granarium first instar larvae. To i MoreThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is a serious pest of grains such as wheat. In the present study, the lethal and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil were studied against T. granarium first instar larvae. To investigate the sub-lethal effects, the first instar larvae were exposed to the LC30 concentration of the essential oil and the biological parameters of the surviving insects were determined. Vitex agnus-castus essential oil had high fumigant toxicity for first-instar larvae of T. granarium (LC50: 132.14 µl/L air). In addition, V. agnus-castus L. had low mortality time (LT50: 17.27 h), indicating rapid effects of the compound. The larval period of individuals who came from first instar larvae exposed to V. agnus-castus essential oil was significantly longer than control. Also, exposure to the sub-lethal concentration of the tested essential oil significantly reduced the survival of the immature stages, adults’ longevity, and reproduction of adult females. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) in the population came from larvae exposed to the essential oil of V. agnus-castus essential oil were 4.02 eggs/female, 0.016 day-1 and 1.016 day-1, respectively, that was significantly lower than the control population (27.55 eggs/female, 0.055 day-1 and 1.056 day-1, respectively). Also, the mean generation time of the essential oil-treated population was about 22 days longer than the control population. According to our findings, V. agnus-castus essential oil is highly toxic to T. granarium larvae and appears to contain a Juvenile hormone analog that is useful for effective control of T. granarium populations in storage systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - The effect of repellency of powder formulations from Artemisia sieberi (Asteraceae) essential oil on Sitophilus oryzae (Col.: Curculionidae)
Elham Shahinfar ahmad heidari s. imani Ali Ahadiyat maryam negahbanNowadays, extensive research is being done on plant compounds to find safer and low-risk alternative for controlling pests. In this study, two formulations, containing Artemisia sieberi Besser essential oil based on biodegradable polymers were prepared as powders to con MoreNowadays, extensive research is being done on plant compounds to find safer and low-risk alternative for controlling pests. In this study, two formulations, containing Artemisia sieberi Besser essential oil based on biodegradable polymers were prepared as powders to control the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae. These formulations were different in the amounts and types of polymers and surfactants. The repellency effect of these formulations and A. sieberi oil was compared at two sublethal concentrations of 5 and 10 µI/I air. The surface morphology of powders was also studied by the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The average size of particles was measured about 41.19 and 37.86 nm for formulations 1 and 2, respectively, using the software Image j. The result shows that, after 96 hours, the percentage of repellency in essential oil, formulation 1 and formulation 2 for 5 ppm concentration is calculated 45%, 65% and 70% respectively, and for 10 ppm concentration it is calculated 55%, 70% and 75% respectively. Also, the repellency effects of normal essential oil and the formulations prepared at different times showed that with increasing the concentration of all compounds, the amount of repellency increases. Based on the results, to maintain the biological activity of essential oils and prevent the evaporation of their constituents, it is necessary to formulate essential oils, therefore encapsulation of plant essential oils as a safe pesticide with gradual release and maintenance of fumigant toxicity can be considered in integrated pest management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Sublethal effects of Epile, Abacmetin and Amida Chloroprid on the Lifespan of Different Biological Stages of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem.:Aleyrodidae In laboratory conditions
علی Beheshti سهراب imani هادی zohdi سیاوش tirgary محمد abdigodarziGreenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporarium) Westwood is one of the most important plant pests in Iran and the world. Due to the resistance of whiteflies to common insecticides and the harmful nature of these insecticides to the environment, new and safe compounds shou MoreGreenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporarium) Westwood is one of the most important plant pests in Iran and the world. Due to the resistance of whiteflies to common insecticides and the harmful nature of these insecticides to the environment, new and safe compounds should be sought to combat this pest. Epile's new insecticide with a new combination while controlling this pest is also less dangerous for the environment Based on the Bioassay results, LC30 is considered a lethal concentration. The LC30 levels for the insecticides Epile, Abamecetin and Omidochloroprid were 1.31, 0.00448 and 0.00868 mg/lit. The results showed that the application of sub-lethal concentration of the treatments by spraying reduces the length of egg hatching period for the insecticides of Epile, Abacmetin and Omidchloroprid by 11.33, 5.45 and 4.53%, respectively, compared to the control and Epile is less than the length of the egg-related insecticide period. Also, Epile insecticide increased the length of the larva period by 5.13% and the pupa period by 0.62% compared to the control. Also, the lifespan of adult insects was reduced by 38.64%, and in general, it reduces the lifespan of whitefly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - The Effect of Diet on The Life Table Parameters of the Mealworm, Tenebrio molitor
A. R. Jalalizand Soleiman Nejadian Ebrahimi F. ZamaniIncreasing the volume of the world's major challenges facing resource constraints and rising food and protein prices. Using insects as food and feed for humans, livestock and poultry can be a good solution to this global crisis. Yellow flour cream is one of the most com MoreIncreasing the volume of the world's major challenges facing resource constraints and rising food and protein prices. Using insects as food and feed for humans, livestock and poultry can be a good solution to this global crisis. Yellow flour cream is one of the most common sources of high-quality protein, used to feed small animals, birds, and fish. In this study, five different in vitro diets (25 1 1 ° C and 60 5 5 relative humidity, 16: 8 h light period (brightness: dark)) were used to grow yellow worm. In this study, wheat bran was considered as control. The results showed that the intrinsic growth rate, as well as the finite rate, increased significantly in the treatment of wheat and chopped wheat compared to the control, and the wheat and chopped wheat diet significantly increased the net and gross population growth rate, respectively, But the diet of cardboard and powdered bread reduced these two parameters significantly compared to the control. Therefore, the diet of cardboard and powdered bread had negative effects on the biological characteristics of yellow worm and wheat and chopped wheat diet had positive effects on the biological properties of a yellow worm. In general, the results of this study showed that the cultivation of yellow worm on different diets has significant effects on the life cycle of yellow flour, and wheat and shredded wheat can be a suitable diet in the future at a much lower cost and with less effort to grow worms. Yellow flour to be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Phenology Study of Parasitoid Telenomus busseola Gahan (Hym., Scelionidae) based on egg population of sugar cane stem borer's egg Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre (Lep., Noctuidae) and comparison of parasitism percent by recruitment and common method
A. Sayad Mansour m. Latifian E. Soleiman Nejadian A. R. AskarianzadehSugar cane stem borers are the most important pest of this crop in the world and Iran. Parasitism percent of the stem borer Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre by the wasp Telenomus busseolae Gahan was studied in Shooshtar, south of Iran in 2005-2006. The study was conducted MoreSugar cane stem borers are the most important pest of this crop in the world and Iran. Parasitism percent of the stem borer Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre by the wasp Telenomus busseolae Gahan was studied in Shooshtar, south of Iran in 2005-2006. The study was conducted in a Ratoon field in the first year and in a Plant field in the second year, both cultivated with variety of CP48-103. Numbers of parasitized and non-parasitized eggs were recorded weekly and percent parasitism was calculated by two methods of common and recruitment methods. Results showed a similar trend of the host and parasitoid populations in Ratoon field. However, the population of host’s eggs was in high in Plant field in the beginning of September, while the number of parasitized eggs was low. In addition, the parasitoid showed six period of activities during the agronomic year. According to these results the two methods were different, in percent parasitism eraluation. Meanwhile these results showed that recruitment was more reliable than the common method. The study also indicated that the parasitoid has an important effect on population dynamics of sugar cane stem bore in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Study of the subfamilies Cryptinae and Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Mazandaran province, with record of five species new to Iran
Reza Vafaei shoushtari H. Hooshyar Elham Sanatgar sh. goldasteh A. Mohammadi-Khoramabadi R. JussilaThe fauna the subfamilies Ichneumoninae and Cryptinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was studied in Mazandaran province, north of Iran during 2016. Sampling was done using 8 Malaise traps which were installed in three altitude layers. Totally, 126 and 64 specimens were co MoreThe fauna the subfamilies Ichneumoninae and Cryptinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was studied in Mazandaran province, north of Iran during 2016. Sampling was done using 8 Malaise traps which were installed in three altitude layers. Totally, 126 and 64 specimens were collected from the subfamilies Cryptinae and Ichneumoninae, respectively representing 25 species into 20 genera. Of them four genera and five species are recorded for the first time from Iran as following: Acrolyta Förster, 1869, Ceratophygadeuon Viereck, 1924, Eudelus Förster, 1869 and Mevesia Holmgren, 1890, Ceratophygadeuon varicornis (Thomson, 1884), Chirotica maculipennis (Gravenhorst, 1829), Eudelus gumperdensis (Schmiedeknecht, 1893), Mevesia arguta (Wesmael, 1845) and Virgichneumon albilineatus (Gravenhorst, 1829). Also a checklist of subfamilies Ichneumoninae and Cryptinae in Iran is provided. With new data of current research, the number of identified species of the subfamily Cryptinae of Iran and of the Hyrcanian forests biome increased to 128 and 39 species and for Ichneumoninae increased to 191 and 115, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Prediction of toxicity and octanol–water partition coefficient of Carbamate Derivativesas Insecticides Using Genetic Algorithm-Multiple Linear Regressions Method
Atefehsadat Navabi Tahereh Momeni Isfahani Majid Ramazani Mohammad AlimoradiA Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) study based on Genetic Algorithm Multiple Linear Regressions (GA-MLR) were carried out for the prediction of the toxicity (logIC50) and the logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficient (logPow) of som MoreA Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) study based on Genetic Algorithm Multiple Linear Regressions (GA-MLR) were carried out for the prediction of the toxicity (logIC50) and the logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficient (logPow) of some carbamate derivatives as insecticides. The optimized conformation of compounds were obtained at HF/6-31G* level with Gaussian 98 software. Dragon software is used to calculate molecular descriptors. A data set of these compounds was randomly divided into 2 groups: training and test sets. The QSAR models were optimized using multiple linear regressions (MLR).The most relevant molecular descriptors were collected by Genetic Algorithm (GA) and backward regression. The best GA-MLR models are obtained using statistical parameters, such as squared correlation coefficient (R2), adjusted squared correlation coefficient (R2adj), root mean square error (RMSE) values for training and test sets. The best QSAR models are obtained based on the statistical parameters Leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation, external test set, external validation parameters (Q2F1, Q2F2, Q2F3) and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to quantify the predictive ability of GA-MLR models. The results showed that GA-MLR models could be used to predict the activities of carbamate derivatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Lethal and sub lethal effects of flubendiamide, emamectin benzoate+lufenuron, thiocyclam and spinosad on Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym.: Braconidae) in laboratory condition
سلما papary AbuFazel Dousti مجید falahzadeh نازیلا saghaiBraconid wasps (Braconidae) are one of the most important pest parasitoids. The function of parasitoids can be affected by the use of insecticides. In order to use biological control agents and pesticides simultaneously in pest management, it is necessary to know the ef MoreBraconid wasps (Braconidae) are one of the most important pest parasitoids. The function of parasitoids can be affected by the use of insecticides. In order to use biological control agents and pesticides simultaneously in pest management, it is necessary to know the effect of pesticides on biological control agents. In this study, the lethal and sub lethal effects of the flubendiamide, emamectin benzoate+lufenuron, thiocyclam and spinosad on the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were investigated. The LC50 of spinosad on parasitoid wasps were 1.25 mg/L of active ingredient, which showed that this insecticide is the most toxic compound on this insect and LC50 of thiocyclam, emamectin benzoate+lufenuron and flubendiamide were 19.99, 7.56 and 6.45 mg/L of active ingredient respectively, which were more toxic to this wasp, respectively. The results of bioassays on adult insects of parasitoid wasps showed that spinosad with LC30 was 0.71 mg /L of active ingredient with high toxicity on adult insects compared to flubendiamide, emamectin benzoate+lufenuron and thiocyclam, which were LC30, 3.67, 4.26 and 14.44 respectively. According to the classification of the International Organization for Biological Control, spinosad was in the group of harmful insecticides and emamtectin benzoate + lufenuron and flubendiamide were in the group of moderately harmful insecticides. According to this classification, thiocyclam was classified as harmless insecticide on bracon wasp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Effect of optimized nanocapsule containing Zingiber officinale based on gum arabic and gelatin as a natural polymeric wall on adult insect and larvae of Tribolium confusum
A. R. Jalalizand M. Shahnazari M. MirmohammadsadeghiWheat is a strategic crop and is mainly consumed for the production of bread which is considered to be one of the most consumed crops in the world. Wheat is the most important plant on earth and is highly adapted to different climates. Flour (Tribolium confusum) in Iran MoreWheat is a strategic crop and is mainly consumed for the production of bread which is considered to be one of the most consumed crops in the world. Wheat is the most important plant on earth and is highly adapted to different climates. Flour (Tribolium confusum) in Iran is found in all non-health warehouses, mills and bakeries. This type of insect is common in most parts of the world. Its main origin is probably India. Different chemical compounds have been used to protect warehouse products from pest attack. But in general, the use of these compounds has led to serious and growing problems, such as the poisoning of parasitoids, predators, pollinators, fish and humans, and possibly their mortality. Therefore, in the present study, the efficiency of ginger nano-capsule with Tribolium confusum polymeric wall as a nutritional indicator of weevil flour was evaluated. The results showed that the use of nanocapsules containing Zingiber officinale oil as an insecticide in different treatments had effective results and 100% of Tribolium confusummortality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Sample size calculation in entomological studies using R language of statistical computing Part 1: comparison of means and proportions
J. KarimzadehIn many entomological studies, a smaller sample is taken than a statistician would advise. Clearly, such experiments would often fail to detect any significant effects, resulting in a complete waste of time and money. The present paper introduces statistical power of a MoreIn many entomological studies, a smaller sample is taken than a statistician would advise. Clearly, such experiments would often fail to detect any significant effects, resulting in a complete waste of time and money. The present paper introduces statistical power of a test and its importance in determining the minimum sample size required for detecting significant effects. A number of experiments fail simply because issues of statistical power were not confronted at the planning stage. A fundamental question that is needed to address at the planning stage concerns the number of samples required to test the hypothesis of interest. The answer depends on the variance of response variable, the size of difference in the response variable that would be detectable as significant, the risk of a Type I error and the risk of a Type II error. Here using R language of statistical computing, the specific methods of the calculation of optimum sample size for laboratory and field studies are presented for two common scenarios. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Species diversity of edaphic Mesostigmatid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with oak forests in the Kamphirouz region of Fars province
Hadi Ostovan sh. hesami m. farzanehThe aim of this study was to evaluate the species diversity of mites among stigmata in 2018- 2019 in the Kamphirouz region of Fars province, Iran. For sampling, 2 regions were considered. Continuous soil sampling was performed every 2 weeks. A total of 881 specimens bel MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the species diversity of mites among stigmata in 2018- 2019 in the Kamphirouz region of Fars province, Iran. For sampling, 2 regions were considered. Continuous soil sampling was performed every 2 weeks. A total of 881 specimens belonging to 22 species from 10 genera and 6 families were collected. Biodiversity indices were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2016 software. The results showed that due to the location of 11 out of 22 species in the family Laelapidae, the species of this family with a total of 33.94%, had the highest presence in both north, south and in total. Also, Neoseiulus barkeri was the dominant species, with the total of 24.29% and also, the highest abundance among the both regions. The Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Margalf, Manhing and Pete species diversity indices were calculated in two regions, separately for each season. In general, all indices except the Pitt index in the northern region were much higher than the southern region. Family indices are not significantly different in the two regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - The effect of several inorganic compounds on oviposition and egg hatching rate of common pistachio psylla Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hem.: Psyllidae) in orchard conditions
K. Ahmadi m. asadi B. ValizadehCommon pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is a serious economic pest of pistachio orchards in the world. Chemical control is a widely applied method to manage this pest problem. The intensive use of chemical insecticides has led to the MoreCommon pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is a serious economic pest of pistachio orchards in the world. Chemical control is a widely applied method to manage this pest problem. The intensive use of chemical insecticides has led to the development of resistant populations of the common pistachio psylla and environmental hazards. It seems that the use of inorganic compounds as insecticides is one of the ways to reduce the residual amount of dangerous toxins. In this study, the insecticidal effects of 10 kinds of inorganic compounds (subarkose, calcite, biomicrite, granite, coarse crystal sparitic limestone, monzogabbro, fine crystal sparitic limestone, monzodiorite, oomicrite and pelsparite) on oviposition and egg hatching rate were investigated. The results showed that the treated leaves with monzogabbro (0.00 ± 0.00), granite (0.54 ± 0.01), biomicrite (1.50 ± 0.21) and calcite (1.56 ± 0.17) at a concentration of 50 g/l were reported to have the greatest decrease in terms of the oviposition rate of the pest in the first year. The results of oviposition rate in the second year indicated that the treated leaves with biomicrite had a significant increase compared to calcite, granite and control. This study also showed that biomicrite treatment could not make any changes in the process of egg hatching. So, based on the results of the present study, monzogabbro, granite and calcite can be used to control pistachio psylla in pistachio orchards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Influence of uv radiation on the degration of ethion in pistachio
S. Imani A. Pejman Hadi Ostovan SH. HesamiEthion is a broad-spectrum pesticide commonly used for control of insects on pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). The extensive use of pesticides on pistachio fruits has raised concerns about pesticide residues. In this study, used UV radiation and TiO2 photocatalyst as MoreEthion is a broad-spectrum pesticide commonly used for control of insects on pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). The extensive use of pesticides on pistachio fruits has raised concerns about pesticide residues. In this study, used UV radiation and TiO2 photocatalyst as decomposing agent to evaluate the rate of ethion degradation . The experiment in two modes,ethion spray on filter paper and pistachio fruit was conducted. Based on a series of pre-tests, the Filter papers were treated with ethion,they were exposed to radiation inside the reactor at appropriate time(5,10 and 20 hour).then pesticide residues were determinded on them.ethion degradation percentage respectively were(9.29,24.77and33.49%)at desired time.Additionally, two UV lamps in absence or presence of TiO2(200 mg/mL) were used to degradade ethion residue from pistachio fruits. All treatments had moderate efficiency for ethion removal from both filter papers and pistachio fruits. The efficiency was positively affected by time of exposure, number of UV light sources, and presence of TiO2. Although, this study showed the potential of UV radiation and TiO2 for ethion degradation from pistachio fruits, further studies are needed to optimize the experimental condition for enhancing the degradation efficiency Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Mortality Effects of Indoxacarb and Thiodicarb On Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hym.: Trichogrrammatidae)
Sh. Hesami F. Molanorozi M. Gheibi M. Hosseini M. FallahzadehThrough identifying the role of natural enemies in pest control and developing their application, it is expected that particular attention will be paid to the adverse effects of pesticides on natural enemies, especially removal or reduction of their activities. Among al MoreThrough identifying the role of natural enemies in pest control and developing their application, it is expected that particular attention will be paid to the adverse effects of pesticides on natural enemies, especially removal or reduction of their activities. Among all the popular natural enemies in the world, Trichogramma bees bears a special importance in terms of efficiency, mass production technology, application scope, adaptability in different climates, and the ability to grow on the intermediate host. This paper tends to investigate the effects of different doses of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm of pesticides including inodxacarb, thiodicarb and a combination of both on mortality of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, in laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 70±10% relative humidity and 16L:8D). Results showed that each of pesticides and combination of both, compared with the control (water), caused a significant increase in mortality and, with increasing doses, their lethal effects became more severe. Regarding this, indoxacarb pesticide had the least amount of mortality, which in this regard, had a significant difference with the other two treatments. At the highest concentration for 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure, mortality rate was calculated as 29.6, 30, 55.56% for indoxacarb, 33.33, 81.48 and 96.30 % for thiodicarb, and 56.67, 96.3, and 100% for combination of both pesticides, respectively. Comparison of the mortalities of two insecticides and combination of both showed that there was no significant difference between the mortality rates of the combination of indoxacarb+thiodicarb and the sole use of thidiocarb. However, indoxacarb showed significant difference. According to the results, inodexacarb has the lowest mortality rate in the direct application on T. brassicae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Study of toxicity and nutritive indicators of herbal essential oils of cinnamon, peppermint and Eucalyptus against different stages of Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) in vivo
S. momen beitollahi reza vafaie z. rafiei karahroudiElm leaf beetle is one of the most important pests of Elm trees at adult stage and especially at larval stages. In this research work, the contact toxicity and nutritive indicators of Cinnamon, Peppermint, and Eucalyptus have been investigated. The experiments were perf MoreElm leaf beetle is one of the most important pests of Elm trees at adult stage and especially at larval stages. In this research work, the contact toxicity and nutritive indicators of Cinnamon, Peppermint, and Eucalyptus have been investigated. The experiments were performed in five densities with three repetitions for each essential and for each life stage of the elm leaf beetle at 25±1C0 and relative humidity of 60±5 percent for 16 hours in daylight and 8 hours in darkness in vitro. The results obtained from biometry data showed that with an increase in density of the essential oils, the mortality rate of elm leaf beetle at different stages of their life increased for all the three essential oils. Based on these results, the essential oil of Cinnamon proved to have the most effect at different stages of elm leaf insect by creating 80 percent mortality relative to the two essential oils of eucalyptus and peppermint after 24 hours. Furthermore, with an increase in the density of the essential oils, the nutritive indicators at the second. instar larva were also reduced. Statistical analysis of variance showed that the relative rate of second instar larva (PCR) in cinnamon essential oil in three concentrations of LC25, LC35 and LC50 compared with the control group was more meaningful compared with the two other essential oils at 5 percent and nutrition inhibition was positive for all the essential oils especially for cinnamon essential oil. The findings indicate that Cinnamon essential oil compared to Peppermint, and Eucalyptus essential oils is a more suitable candidate to control this pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - The effect of ultraviolet rays on the degradation and removal of metasystox and fenitrothion pesticides from pistachio crop
Sohrab Imani Arezoo Pezhman Hadi Ostovan sh. hesamiPistachio is one of the most important agricultural products of the country. It is extremely important and accounts for about 81 percent of the country's non-oil revenues. In this study, the degradation of two pesticides, metacystox and fenitrithion was investigat MorePistachio is one of the most important agricultural products of the country. It is extremely important and accounts for about 81 percent of the country's non-oil revenues. In this study, the degradation of two pesticides, metacystox and fenitrithion was investigated by ultraviolet radiation. These three pesticides are commonly used in a wide range in pistachio gardens in the country. One of the most important agricultural and plant protection tasks is to produce safe crops with residual pesticides below the MRL level. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UV radiation combined with the photocatalytic effect of titanium dioxide and hydrogen peroxide on the degradation of these two pesticides in pistachio products.The samples were extracted by LLE method and determinated by GC-MS. Exposur times were 30, 60,120 and 300 minutes.The results showed that the highest percentage of degradation of pesticides was related to metasystox and affected by uv / H2O2 at 38.5%. The optimum time in all trials was 300 min. UV irradiation alone at 300 min time on metasistox and fenitrothion in pistachio reduced the toxin by 24/2and 17/1, respectively.Experiments showed that degradation of the studied toxins was possible using UV irradiation and the destructive effect of UV on chemical structures was proved in experiments. Therefore, UV radiation in a specific dose can remove residues of pistachio pesticides. Combined with UV agents, hydrogen peroxide and titanium dioxide can more effectively remove contamination from agricultural products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Effect of Thiacloprid and Eforia on the life table parameters and detoxification enzymes activity in wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)
pezhman Aeinechi B. NaseriThe greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of wheat plants can restrict the production of this crop by sucking on the sap and transmistting pathogenic viruses. Detoxifying enzymes play a very important role in det MoreThe greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of wheat plants can restrict the production of this crop by sucking on the sap and transmistting pathogenic viruses. Detoxifying enzymes play a very important role in detoxifying chemical compounds in many living organisms. These enzymes exposed to chemical compounds are as biomarkers, and they have varying degrees of sensitivity to chemical compounds due to biochemical differences in pesticide detoxification. In the study, bioassays were examined by immersing wheat leaves in its insecticidal solution at a temperature of 27±2°C, a relative humidity of 65 ±10% and 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness photoperiod. The sublethal concentrations effect (LC10 and LC30) of thiachlopride and aforia has been evaluated on the life table parameters and the detoxifying enzymes activity of S. graminum. Esterase, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activity were measured as detoxifying enzymes. According to the obtained results, the lethal mean concentrations were calculated 212.7 and 203.9 mg (ai) L-1 for aphids exposed to thiacloprid and eforia, respectively. Among the treatments, LC30 concentration was the highest toxicity compared with other treatments. The LC30 concentration effects of both insecticides were significantly increased the induction of beta-esterase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes of S. graminum. Also, the activity of alpha-esterase and acetylcholinesterase did not significant different with increasing sublethal concentrations than control. The results showed that the sublethal concentrations of the two incecticides, thiacloprid and eforia, had a negative effect on the life tables parameters of S. graminum and they can be identified by detoxifying enzymes as biochemical markers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Lethal and sublethal effects of Indoxacarb and Thiocloprid on potato tuber moth, Phthorima operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae
H. Rafiee Dastjerdi R. Ahmadpour S. Afghahi A. GolizadeThe potato tuber moth, phthorima opersulella (Zeller) is one of the most important pests of potato in temperate regions such as Iran. Four stages of potato tuber moth (egg, first instar larvae, pupae and adult) were treated with lethal and sublethal concentrations MoreThe potato tuber moth, phthorima opersulella (Zeller) is one of the most important pests of potato in temperate regions such as Iran. Four stages of potato tuber moth (egg, first instar larvae, pupae and adult) were treated with lethal and sublethal concentrations of Indoxacarb and Thiocloprid under laboratory condition at 26±1Cᵒ, 60±5%, RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). The LC50 values of Inoxacarb and Thiacoloprid on egg, first instar larvae and adult were 144, 93 and 307 mg (a.i.)/l and 912,146,366 mg (a.i.)/l, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that Indoxacarb had a more ovicide effect on potato tuber moth than Thiacoloprid insecticide. Also sublethal concentration effects (LC30) of the two insecticides and were studied on egg and demography of the pest. The values of were estimate 0.188, 0.147, 0.17 female/female/ day for control, Indoxacarb and Thiocloprid respectively. There was no significant differences between control and Thiocloprid treatments. Although the Pupae stage was treated with higher dose than the recommended in farm no significant effects were observed. According to results, Indoxacarb had more toxicity effects than Thiacoloprid on potato tuber moth than Thiacoloprid and most of life table parameters were affected by the two insecticide compare to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Hormesis in insects
M. ZarganiThe stimulating effect of low concentrations of chemicals on organisms is called hormesis. Hormesis is recognized as an adaptive mechanism by which mild stressors can enhance the protective capacity of the host, while the same factors are harmful or lethal at excessive MoreThe stimulating effect of low concentrations of chemicals on organisms is called hormesis. Hormesis is recognized as an adaptive mechanism by which mild stressors can enhance the protective capacity of the host, while the same factors are harmful or lethal at excessive levels. Insects in agricultural ecosystems are exposed to many stressors (chemicals, heat, and lack of nutrients) that are often at low levels. The stimulatory (hormetic) effects of insect exposure to mild stress are now well known, with implications for insect management, structure and ecological function in agricultural ecosystems. Many biotic and abiotic processes also spatially and temporally change the pesticide dose to which an insect is exposed in the field. Therefore, hormesis is an important phenomenon in pest management. However, this phenomenon has received relatively little attention from insect toxicologists in Iran. Considering the importance of the hormesis, this article has investigated the hormetic effects of various factors in insects according to previous researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - The effect of Teucrium Polium extract on life table of age-bisexual stage of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hom.Aleyrodidae) on two resistant and sensitive cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum
Masoomeh Samareh Fekri mohammad Amin SamihBemisia tabaci (Gennadius.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pests of crops, greenhouses, and ornamental plants. In this study, the sub-lethal effect of Teucrium polium(Lamark)(Lamiales:Lamiaceae) on parameters of life table age- bisexual stage of B MoreBemisia tabaci (Gennadius.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pests of crops, greenhouses, and ornamental plants. In this study, the sub-lethal effect of Teucrium polium(Lamark)(Lamiales:Lamiaceae) on parameters of life table age- bisexual stage of B. tabaci (Gennadius.) was evaluated on the sensitive cultivar ( Ergon) and resistant cultivar (Cal-JN3) of Lycopersicon esculentum . 2-4 leaves seedlings of L. esculentum from sensitive and resistant cultivar were submerged in methanol extract of T. polium and water+ methanol (control) and were placed in cup cages. 30 imago insects of the same age were released in the cup cage and after 24 hours the imago insects were omitted and the eggs whose age was less than 24 hours were kept. The sexuality of the imago insects exiting these eggs exposed to the contaminated plant was determined and the rate of spawning of the female insect was daily recorded to the last day of its life. The experiment was investigated in a glass greenhouse and 27+ 2 temperature and relative moisture of 50 ± 5 and in lighting conditions of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the one percent level. The intrinsic value of population increase, reproduction gross rate, and reproduction net rate on the sensitive cultivar (Ergon) and resistant cultivar (cal-JN3) of the L. esculentum treated with T. polium L. was acquired 0.069, 31/43 and 11.03 and 0.061, 18.51 and 6.66 respectively. Generally, in this study conjugate application of resistant plant cultivar and extract caused more loss and considerable reduction of the intrinsic rate of population increase comparing other treatments which subsequently lower the population of B. tabaci. So, the combined application of using resistant cultivar and the herbal extract is considerable in the population control of this pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Study of faun ladybirds (Col., Coccinellidae) in Khorramabad district
A. Ansari pour r. vafaie j. ShakaramiLadybird fauna of farms, orchards and pastures Khorramabad district during 2009 and 2010 were studied. In this study, 19 species of 11 genera were recognized, one of which ** was new for Iran and 4 species *were new for Lorestan fauna. Collected specimens were identifie MoreLadybird fauna of farms, orchards and pastures Khorramabad district during 2009 and 2010 were studied. In this study, 19 species of 11 genera were recognized, one of which ** was new for Iran and 4 species *were new for Lorestan fauna. Collected specimens were identified using valid keys, characteristics of appearance and describe of genitalia. The identified coccinellids were as fallow: 1. Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 2. Adalia decempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 3. Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 4. Coccinella undecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)* 5. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant, 1853)* 6. Exochomus flavipes (Goeze, 1777) 7. Parexochomus pubescens (Kuster, 1848) 8. Exochomus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 9. Exochomus undulatus (Weise, 1878) 10. Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) 11. Hyperaspis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher, 1843)** 12. Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus, 1758) 13. Propylea quatuordecimpuctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 14. Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 15. Scymnus apetzi (Mulsant, 1846) 16. Scymnus flavicollis (Redtenbacher, 1843)* 17. Scymnus syriacus (Marseul, 1868) 18. Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant, 1850) 19. Stethorus siphonulus (Kapur, 1948)* Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Investigation of effects of toxicity and healthy eating (nutritional) index of Cinnamomum, Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia L. essential oils on biological stages of Xanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
S. momen beitollahi r. vafaie Z. rafiea karahrudiXanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is considered as one of the most important pests of Ulmus trees at the adult insect stage, especially at the larval stages. The effect of toxicity and nutritional indicators of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. MoreXanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is considered as one of the most important pests of Ulmus trees at the adult insect stage, especially at the larval stages. The effect of toxicity and nutritional indicators of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia L. on different biological stages of X. luteola investigated under standard environmental conditions. Four replications were considered and after 24 hours, losses were counted. LC50 values for toxicity of C. zeylanicum L., R. officinalis L. and L. angustifolia L. essential oils on adult X. luteola were estimated to be 11.57, 28.83 and 737.87 ppm, respectively, indicating that Cinnamomum essential oil is more toxic than other essential oils. With increasing concentrations of essential oils, eating indicators of second-instar larvae reduced. The relative consumption rate (RCR) of second-instar larvae in Cinnamomum essential oil at concentrations of LC25, LC35 and LC50 showed a significant difference with the control treatment at the level of 5%. The results of essential oil analysis showed that cinnamaldehyde (91.8%), 1, 8-cinnamol (37.8%) and borneol (8.4%) are the predominant compounds in C. zeylanicum L., R. officinalis L. and L. angustifolia L. essential oils, respectively. Increased nutritional inhibition in Cinnamomum essential oil compared to R. officinalis L. and L. angustifolia L. essential oils can be attributed to the strong toxicity of cinnamaldehyde available in this essential oil. The study results show that Cinnamomum essential oil is a more suitable option for controlling this pest than R. officinalis L. and L. angustifolia L. essential oils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Comparison of efficacy of Insecticides, Dichlorvos, Imidacloprid, Spinozad and Chlorantranilpyrrole on Bemisia tabaci in vitro
A. R. Jalalizand Ehaleh Hadad R. soleymaniThe cotton Whitefly is one of the most important pests in crops, greenhouses and ornamental plants. Due to the multiplicity of generations and the short time of one generation, this pest has the potential to be resistant to various insecticides. Over the years, control MoreThe cotton Whitefly is one of the most important pests in crops, greenhouses and ornamental plants. Due to the multiplicity of generations and the short time of one generation, this pest has the potential to be resistant to various insecticides. Over the years, control of cotton whitefly by common insecticides has not been effective. In this study, the susceptibility of adult whitefly to Dichlorvos, Imidacloprid, Spinozad and Chlorantranilpyrrol alone and pre-treated with PBO (Pyrphenyl butoxide), TPP (triniphenyl phosphate) and DEM (MEM) synergists was investigated. . Leaf dipping method was used for bioassay. The lowest level of LC50 on adults was related to the insecticide Chlorantranilpyrrole (1.25 mg a.i / L) and the highest level of LC50 was related to the Dichlorvos (269.59 mg (a.i / L)). The levels of LC50 Spinozad and Imidacloprid (mg a.i / L) were estimated to be 3.22, 87.61, respectively. The interaction of Dichlorvos, Imidacloprid, Spinozad and Chlorantranilpyrrol with synergistic pre-treatments showed an increase in efficacy of insecticieds so that with TPP The LC50was 2.35, 3.89, 2.36 and 1.68, respectively. The interaction between DEM and Imidacloprid, Spinozad and Chlorantranilpyrol increased mortality to 2.84, 4.79, 3.15 and 1.71mg ai.l. respectively. Resistance to Diclorus and Imidacloprid observed in this study is likely to be due to overuse of these pesticides. To prevent resistance, it is recommended to apply these pesticides inside the frame of pest manangment program Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - The fauna of harmful and beneficial arthropods of medicinal and range plants in Isfahan
M. R. Bagheri M. Nasr IsfahaniMedicinal plant fields of Shahid Fozveh, Kabootar Abad and Djannat Abad for Agriculture and Natural Resource Research Stations and Kashan Botanical Garden were surveyed, during 1999-2003. Pests and beneficial arthropods were collected by different methods. Collected spe MoreMedicinal plant fields of Shahid Fozveh, Kabootar Abad and Djannat Abad for Agriculture and Natural Resource Research Stations and Kashan Botanical Garden were surveyed, during 1999-2003. Pests and beneficial arthropods were collected by different methods. Collected specimens were identified through valid sources and/or specialists of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP) and Agriculture Faculty, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT). In this research, 41 pest and 21 beneficial species were collected and identified on 40 medicinal and range plants in Isfahan province, as follows: a) The pests: Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Pieris rapae Lecerf, Helicoverpa armigera Huebner, Caradrina exigua Hüebner, Agrotis segetum Schiff, Plusia gamma L., Eublemma parva Hüebner Order: Orthoptera Aiolopus sp., Acrotylus sp., Sphingonotus sp., Heteracris sp., Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. Order: Coleoptera Sitona humeralis Steph., Sitona puncticollis Steph., Apion aestivum Schiff., Larinus flavescens Germ., Larinus liliputanus Fst., Spermophagus sericeus Geoffr., Anthrenus verbasci L., Anthrenus vorax Water, Anthrenus sp. Order: Hemiptera Graphosuma criticum L., Macrostelles leavis Ribaut, Empoasaca sp., Austroagalia sinuata Mulsant & Rey, Aphis gossypii Glover, A. nerii Boy.de.Fons., Uroleucon (Uromolan) compositae Theobald, Pleotrichophorus grandolosus Kalt., Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt., Eucarazzia elegans Ferrari, Hyadaphis sphondyti Koch, Parlatoria ephedrae Lindinger, Ephedraphis ephedrae New. Order: Diptera Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi Order: Thysanoptera Thrips tabaci Lindeman Class: Arachnida Order: Trombidiformes Tetranychus urticae Koch Class: Gastropoda Order:Pulmonata Helicella krynickii Krynicki, H. candeharica Pfeiffer b) Beneficial arthropods: Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Coccinella septempunctata L , Oenopia conglobata L., Hippodamia variegata Goeze, Adalia bipunctata L., Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata L., Scymnus syriacus Marseul, Chilochorus bipustulatus L., Stethorus punctillum weise, S. gilvifrons Mulsant Order: Thysanoptera 131 Aeolothrips fasciatus (L.), Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall Order: Hemiptera Orius albidipennis (Reuter) Order: Neuroptera Chrysoperlla carnea Stephens Order: Hymenoptera Antistrophoplex conthurnatus Masi, Bracon hebetor Say Class: Arachnida Order:Araneae Misumena vatia Clerk, Nigma flavescents Walckenaer, Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, Heliophanus cupreus Walckenaer, Dictyna sp.Juvenile, Xysticus sp. Juvenile Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Efficiency of 1x1 meter quadrat for estimating of over-wintered adults of Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hem., Scutelleridae) populations in rainfed wheat field
A. Mohseni AminThis research was carried out to evaluate different aspects of one square meter quadrat size to estimate sunn pest over-wintered adults, Eurygaster integriceps Put.(Hem., Scutelleridae) in rainfed wheat field of Borujerd, north of Lorestan province, Iran, during 2003 an MoreThis research was carried out to evaluate different aspects of one square meter quadrat size to estimate sunn pest over-wintered adults, Eurygaster integriceps Put.(Hem., Scutelleridae) in rainfed wheat field of Borujerd, north of Lorestan province, Iran, during 2003 and 2004. Iwao’s regression had higher determination coefficients (r2=0.93) and showed a better fit as compared to r2 values calculated by Taylor’s power law (r2=0.86). Iwao’s patchiness regression slope (β=1.07±0.05) was not significantly larger than 1.0. Consequently, random dispersion pattern was determined for over-wintered adults in rainfed wheat fields. Therefore, Kuno’s fixed precision sequential sampling scheme based on Iwao’s parameters was constructed for overwintered adults of E. integriceps. An additional nine independent data sets, was used to validate the fixed-precision sequential sampling plans with resampling software of RVSP. Sample size curves indicated that estimating over-wintered adult population in rainfed field can be accomplished with a few sampling efforts when population is >2 insects per quadrat. For example only six samples need to be taken for the over-wintered adults, on average to achieve a precision of 0.25 (Dexp=0.25) when =3 insects per quadrat. However, sample sizes increase suddenly when population density is less than 0.3 insects per quadrat. Based on these results, 1*1m quadrat is not recommended to estimate number of over-wintered adults in rainfed wheat field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Preliminary investigation on the geographical distribution of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Dip., Tephritidae), in Mazandaran province, Iran
S. Mirsardoo S. A. Mafi-Pashakolaei H. BarariPreliminary investigation on geographical distribution of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) was conducted in Mazandaran province, Iran in 2006–2008. It is one of the most destructive pests of different crops, which observed after 20 years, in MorePreliminary investigation on geographical distribution of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) was conducted in Mazandaran province, Iran in 2006–2008. It is one of the most destructive pests of different crops, which observed after 20 years, in Noor (a city of Mazandaran) in October – November 2006. The primary studies for monitoring of the pest was carried out by direct observation of some citrus orchards encountered severe fallen of damaged fruits. Following to this issue, different types of fly traps (sticky yellow card, plastic bottle of mineral water, Jackson and McPhail) and attractant compounds (mixing of 2% protein hydrolizate with Malathion 2 lit. per 1000 lit. water, ceratrap and sex pheromone) were used in 2007-2008. The monitoring of the pest was started by setting of the traps in both infested and intact fruit orchards at the beginning of spring. The traps were checked weekly and number of flies and new infested areas in each city were recorded, separately. The infested cities recognized in 2006 were Sari, Qaem-Shar, Babol, Juibar, Mahmodabad, Babolsar and Amol. Generally, infestation was limited to urban parts and rarely observed in rural parts. Investigation in 2007 determined the presence of the pest in new areas such as Savad-kuh, Noshar and Chalous that the range of distribution reached to rural parts (7 to 10 Km. far from the infestation center). In spite of severe cold weather (-15℃) in winter 2007, adults of the pest appeared earlier in the following season compared to 2006. Constant monitoring revealed the invasion of pest to the new areas including: Behshar, Neka and Tonekabon cities. geographical position of more than 500 infested localities was determined by GPS and analyzed by GIS software on the map of Mazandaran province. The results of three-year investigation indicated that the Mediterranean fruit fly distributed its geographical dispersion from the east part of Mazandaran (Behshar) to the west part of the province (Tonekabon), except Ramsar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Study the economic efficiency of biological control of date palm pests
m. latifiyanThe aim of this study was to the economic assess of biological control application approach in important date pests biological control. The model used in this research was Pemberton model. Based on the model findings and taking into account the net return on inves MoreThe aim of this study was to the economic assess of biological control application approach in important date pests biological control. The model used in this research was Pemberton model. Based on the model findings and taking into account the net return on investment and total expenditure that carried out over a period of 18 years, the rate of returns on investment for biological control of spider mite the lesser, the and long horned beetle of date were 61.9, 29.4 and 16.8 respectively. The net profit to expense ratio for biological control of important pests was more than one, so that the bill of two pre-release periods (the first 9 years) and the post-release period (the second nine years) were estimated at 92.6, 35.2 and 22.5 trillion Rials were for Spider mite, the lesser moth and horned beetles, respectively. s. Economic factor is an important factor in the planning of biological control of date pests. According to the research results supporting biological pest control programs, and its successful implementation requires, knowledge managers, planners, investors and operators with economic benefits of investment in this area. From the perspective of economic experts is an important factor, according to the financial resources needed to support the elimination of pesticides to control pests biologically important dates assigned. The government can minimized the price risk of a date palm pest biological control agents by manufacturers guarantee to dates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Lethal effects of hexaflumuron, spinosad, abamectin and indoxacarb on egg and third instar larvae of Cabbage white (Pieris brassicae L.) and its parasitoid (Cotesia=Apanteles glomeratus L.)
A. Khoramdel A. Hoseinzadeh A. Ghaswmi kahrizeh SH. AramidehCabbage white, Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is an important pest of cruciferous in Iran and the world. In this study, the effect of four insecticides; hexaflumuron, spinosad, abamectin and indoxacarb on cabbage white and its parasitoid Cotesia glomerata MoreCabbage white, Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is an important pest of cruciferous in Iran and the world. In this study, the effect of four insecticides; hexaflumuron, spinosad, abamectin and indoxacarb on cabbage white and its parasitoid Cotesia glomerata L. was investigated The LC50 values obtained from the analysis of probit as a result of the effect of different concentrations of hexaflumuron, spinosad, abamectin and indoxacarb on the 3rd instar larvae of P. brassicae after 72 hours were (0.213, 0.298, 0.30 and 0.434) ml/L, respectively. The LC50 values obtained from the same insecticides on eggs of P. brassicae after 7 days were (0.831, 0.440, 0.267 and 0.489) ml/l, respectively. The results of the same compounds effects on parasitoid after 7 days showed that hexaflumuron and indoxacarb are the most harmful and abamectin is the least harmful for this natural enemy. The results showed that the most effective insecticides on 3rd instar larvae of P. brassicae during 72 hours was hexaflumuron. In the study of parasitization of third instar larvae of cabbage white under the influence of different concentrations of hexaflumuron, spinosad, abamectin and indoxacarb in compared with control, results showed at low concentrations of all four insecticides, there is no significant difference between control and insecticides, but there was a significant difference in higher concentrations and the mean number of third instar larvae in the control treatment increased. According to the results of this study, hexaflumuron can be suggested as a low-risk compound for parasitoid and effective against this pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Comparison two new botanical pesticides effects with two old acaricides in control of greenhouse eggplant infested by Tetranychus urticae Koch in Varamin region
Masoud Arbabi Mojtaba Khani Zinab Tajik Sosan Hassenzadeh maryam negahbanEggplant greenhouse cultivations in last two /three years found under progressing and intensive spider mite damages observed for the first time in Varamin region. Effects of two new botanical pesticides, Mariapro+Coverino-M, Bio-2, in comparison of propargite 57% MoreEggplant greenhouse cultivations in last two /three years found under progressing and intensive spider mite damages observed for the first time in Varamin region. Effects of two new botanical pesticides, Mariapro+Coverino-M, Bio-2, in comparison of propargite 57% EC and tetradifon v/w 7.52% were evaluated against Tetranychus urticae red color population on round black eggplants variety 1574 in greenhouse during spring season of 2021 in Varamin region. Spraying of treatments done with wheel burrow sprayer and effects of the them carried out by random 15 leaves collected from each treatment at one day before and 3,7and 15 days after. Mite active stages on 2cm2 on middle under side of eggplant leaf recorded by help of stereomicroscope. Abbott formula used to convert raw data in to mortality%. Mean mite mortality% of treatments analyzed with SAS software. Minimum and maximum mean active mite stages for 2ml/l Tetradifon (25.83 mites) and 1.5 ml/l of Bio-2 (44.50 mite) recorded respectively. Pesticide control effects showed a statistical significant (p<0.05) at different interval times. Higher effects (100%) for both propargite doses recorded at 3rd and 7th day of interval periods and least mortality% (58.92%) observed for tetradifon 2ml/l at 15 days’ interval time. Low slop mite mortality% found at decreasing level until 15 days for most of treatments. Spraying old registered acaricides recommended at higher spider mite infestation before harvesting period. Both new botanical pesticides can provide mite control damages during eggplant fruiting time and producing organic vegetables under greenhouses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Seasonal abundance and identification key of Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in Fars Province
H. Ostovan F. Homayoon Sh. Hesami M. FallahzadehFamily Anthocoridae, are as biological control agents in many agroecosystems. The seasonal abundance and distribution of Orius species were determined from different crops, trees, flowers and weeds in Fars province during 2016-2018. In this study Orius albidipenni MoreFamily Anthocoridae, are as biological control agents in many agroecosystems. The seasonal abundance and distribution of Orius species were determined from different crops, trees, flowers and weeds in Fars province during 2016-2018. In this study Orius albidipennis (Reuter), Orius laticollis discolor (Reuter), Orius laticollis laticollis (Reuter), Orius horvathi (Reuter), Orius minutus (Linnaeus), Orius vicinus (Ribaut), Orius retamae Noualhier, Orius laevigatus inaequalis*Wagner, Orius laevigatus laevigatus (Fieber), Orius laevigatus maderensis* (Reuter), Orius niger aegyptiacus Wagner, Orius niger niger (Wolff), Orius piceicollis* (Lindberg) were collected on different 63 host plants from 50 regions in Fars province. Among them the species and subspecies marked with * were new records for Iran. The Simpson diversity indices of Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter seasons were 3.954, 4.082, 3,793 and 1 respectively. Seasonal diversity of Orius spp. In Summer were significantly higher than other seasons. O. niger niger was found to be active throughout the year. The other species of Orius were collected in spring, summer and autumn, O. piceicollis, O. retamae and O. laevigatus inaequalis were only active in summer. O. niger niger and O. albidipennis were the most collected Anthocorid species. From results it is concluded that O. niger niger and O. albidipennis are well adapted to the geographical conditions and plant biodiversity in Fars province. Therefore, they could be considered as biological control agents in fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Study of Thrips (Thysanoptera) in regions of Isfahan and Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari provinces
N. Pur javad ZH. Zamani K. MinaiThrips (Thysanoptera), despite their small size, play an important role in the natural and agricultural ecosystems and they have a wide range of diets. Many species due to their ability to cause direct and indirect damages by feeding on crops and by transmission o MoreThrips (Thysanoptera), despite their small size, play an important role in the natural and agricultural ecosystems and they have a wide range of diets. Many species due to their ability to cause direct and indirect damages by feeding on crops and by transmission of plant viruses are economically important. Some of them also have a role in pest control, since they are predators of other Thysanoptera, aphids, mites and other small arthropods. In this study, the sampling and identification of Thysanoptera in two provinces of Isfahan and Chaharmahal Bakhtiari were carried out during 2016-2018. Thrips species were collected by shaking fromvarious plants, including fruit trees, shade trees, ornamental plants, feild crop plants and weeds. By examining the microscopic slide preparations, 29 species belonging to 14 genera and four families of two orders, Tubulifera and Terebrantia, were identified. In general 17 species were reported for the first time from Isfahan and Chaharmahal Bakhtiari provinces. Most identified species were found to be phytophagous and some have importance as agricultural pests. The collected species from Aeolothrips and Scolothrips genera are predators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Investigation of the effect of silica nanoparticles with the pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood
SEYYED KAZEM Vahedi A. Hoseinzadeh Akbar Ghassemi-KahrizehIntroduction: Greenhouse whitefly, as an economic pest, has a wide and ubiquitous host range and causes great damage to many crops, including greenhouse plants. Due to the morphological characteristics and potential of resistance to chemical toxins, it is necessary to f MoreIntroduction: Greenhouse whitefly, as an economic pest, has a wide and ubiquitous host range and causes great damage to many crops, including greenhouse plants. Due to the morphological characteristics and potential of resistance to chemical toxins, it is necessary to find suitable and compatible compounds for integrated control of this pest by increasing the effect and minimizing the adverse effect on the pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.Methods: In this study, the effect of pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana alone and in combination with silica nanoparticles against second instar seeds and nymphs of Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood and germination power of pathogenic fungi using probit analysis, one-way analysis of variance and ANOVA SPSS software was examined.Results: LC50 values obtained from probit degradation as a result of the effect of different concentrations of silica nanoparticles and Beauveria bassiana against eggs after 7 days and against second instar nymph after 72 hours (643.97 mg / L and 170399 conidia/ ml) and (602.952 mg / L and 78379 conidia/ ml) were obtained, respectively.Results: According to the results of the present study, silica nanoparticles alone have higher toxicity than other treatments and in combination with B. bassiana can be used in integrated control of the important greenhouse whitefly pest. The most important advantage of using these compounds is their compatibility with the environment and the lack of resistance to insects against them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - The Physiologic Response of Moroccan Locust to Common Pesticides in North of Golestan Province
Mozhgan Yousefi M. H. Sarailoo Sh. AfsharThe present study was carried out under a complete randomised block design with 3 replications in one of the pastures of Chapar Quimeh village, under Gonbad-e-Kavous district. The pesticides used in this research are included, malathion 57% EC at the rate of 500 and 100 MoreThe present study was carried out under a complete randomised block design with 3 replications in one of the pastures of Chapar Quimeh village, under Gonbad-e-Kavous district. The pesticides used in this research are included, malathion 57% EC at the rate of 500 and 1000 cc per hactare, deltamethrin 2.5% EC at the rate of 200 and 500 cc per hactare and lambda cyhalothrin 23% EC at the rate of 100, 150 and 200 cc per hactare. The results showed that the highest reduction of pest population was obtained due to use of lambda cyhalothrin 200 and 150 cc per hactare and the least reduction by the application of malathion 500 cc per hactare. According to the highest reduction of Moroccan locust that was obtained in application of lambda cyhalothrin treatment it can be conluded that this pesticide is suggestible in Gonbad-e-Kavous district and malathion pesticide due to the least reduction of pest, is not suggestible in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Identification of Mites the Suborder (Acari: Mesostigmata) in Kharameh Region of Fars Province
Zeinab Alinezhad Hadi Ostovan Shahram Hesami M. gheybiThe first step in biodiversity studies and integrated pest management is to identify the species in the region. This research was conducted in order to identify the fauna of mites under the order Mesostigmata (Acari: Mesostigmata) from gardens and fields of the Kharameh MoreThe first step in biodiversity studies and integrated pest management is to identify the species in the region. This research was conducted in order to identify the fauna of mites under the order Mesostigmata (Acari: Mesostigmata) from gardens and fields of the Kharameh region of Fars province during 2014-2016. In this research, 10 species from 5 families belonging to mites of the inter-stigma order were collected and identified. Among the collected families, Uroobovella obovata Canestrini & Berlese, 1884 from the Trematuridee family had the highest frequency (18.54%), and Neodiscopoma splendida and Nenteria stylifera Berlese, 1904 from the Uropodidae and Trematuridee families with frequencies of 14.83 and 90% respectively. 13% were in the next rank. It should be mentioned that the identification of these species has not been reported from the Kharameh region of Fars province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Effect of nettle extract on black bean aphid (Aphis fabae (Scopoli)), wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)) and cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora (Koch)) in comparison with soap compounds
Kamal Ahmadi A. koushki H. M. Takaloo zadehAphids are among the most important economic pests and vectors of many plant pathogens in horticultural, agricultural and greenhouse crops in world. In this study, the effect of ethanolic extract of nettle Urtica dioica L. (Rosales: Urticaceae), Palizin® soap and Fi MoreAphids are among the most important economic pests and vectors of many plant pathogens in horticultural, agricultural and greenhouse crops in world. In this study, the effect of ethanolic extract of nettle Urtica dioica L. (Rosales: Urticaceae), Palizin® soap and Firooz® baby shampoo on three species of aphids (black alfalfa aphid, Aphis fabae (Scopoli), wheat poison aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch)) were examined. Several experiments included evaluation of the birth percentage of adult insects, total mortality and mortality of 5-6- and 1-2-day-old nymphs and also adult insects treated with the above compounds. Hosts of these pests in all steps of this study were included wheat plants for poisonous wheat aphids, alfalfa for black alfalfa aphids and beans for black bean aphids. The results of this study showed that ethanolic extract of nettle has a significant effect on pest mortality. The result showed the ethanolic extract of nettle has a significant effect with the means ± SE percentage of mortality (90.50±3.76) and (87.78±3.92) in wheat poison aphid, (74.00±9.30) and (79.00±5.76) in black alfalfa aphid and (62.00±9.20) and (64.50±4.56) in cowpea aphid on 1-2-and 5-6- day-old nymphs, respectively, in comparing to control. So, according to the results, ethanolic extract of nettle has a significant effect on the control of these pests and it can have capacities that suggest conducting further studies in the management of Aphids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Comparing the insecticidal effect of eucalyptus and thyme essential oils on potato aphid (Macrosiphom euphorbiae)
Aboutaleb Ghafari Lobat Taghavi Aref Marouf Parviz MoradiIntroduction: Herbal essential oils are known as suitable alternative for controlling pests due to low toxicity, fast decomposition and environment- friendly. This study aimed to examine the insecticidal effect of two herbal essential oils, i.e. Eucalyptus globulus and MoreIntroduction: Herbal essential oils are known as suitable alternative for controlling pests due to low toxicity, fast decomposition and environment- friendly. This study aimed to examine the insecticidal effect of two herbal essential oils, i.e. Eucalyptus globulus and Iranian thyme (Zataria multiflora), on potato aphid. In the current study Material and Methods: Herbal essential oils were extracted by distillation with water using a clevenger device. The biometric experiments were performed on adult insects in 6 concentrations of eucalyptus, including 2000, 6000, 10000, 20000, 16000, 20000 ppm and in 6 concentrations of thyme, including 4000, 8000, 10000, 15000, 20000, 24000 ppm. The amount of losses in each experiment was counted during 24 hours after the experiment initiation. Results:According to the results of the probit data analysis, the values of LC50 and LC90 for eucalyptus essential oil were 4699 and 37106 ppm, respectively, and for thyme essential oil, these values were 11944 and 45620, respectively. In the present research, the highest fatality rates (loss percentage) for eucalyptus essential oil at a concentration of 20000 ppm and for thyme essential oil at a concentration of 24000 ppm were to 88.71% and 79.54%, respectively. conclusion:As the LD50 of eucalyptus and thyme essential oils were lower than the dosages of chemical insecticides and considering the phenomenon of resistance due to chemical insecticide, it seems that the herbal essential oils such as eucalyptus and thyme can be appropriate alternatives for chemical insecticides in the pest control program in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Extraction of local isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from the soils of Fars province and evaluation of their toxicity on larva of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)
F. Tavangarzamin Sh. Hesami E. Moazamian Gh. r. Salehi JouzaniBacillu thuringiensis (Bt) produces crystalline proteins that are toxic to various insect species. In this study, Bt strains were isolated from the soils of some areas of Fars province and their toxicity on larva of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) was investigated. For t MoreBacillu thuringiensis (Bt) produces crystalline proteins that are toxic to various insect species. In this study, Bt strains were isolated from the soils of some areas of Fars province and their toxicity on larva of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) was investigated. For this purpose, 110 strains were isolated from the soils of Shiraz, Marvdasht, Fasa and Sarvestan. Initial identification of the isolates was carried out on the basis of Gram staining and morphological characteristics of protein crystals using phase-contrast microscopy. The protein crystals of the isolates were spherical and rhombic. Molecular analysis by PCR showed that 40 isolates of the collection were contained Cry1 gene.The isolatestoxicity was studied on third instar larvae of P. interpunctella. According to the results of this study, 2×108 sporeml-1 concentration after 72 hours was considered as the most effective treatment and the three isolates sh20, g44 and FA-16 had the highest mortality (53.33%, 80% and 73.33%, respectively) onlarva of Indian meal moth. Isolates g46-29, g45-5, TA22, 35b, and E8 were ineffective on the third instar larvae of Indian meal moth. In general, the bioassay results showed that the strains isolated from the soils of the study area had considerable toxic effect on Indian meal moth larvae. We hope that introducing these native isolates of Bt will be an important step to produce domestic biological pesticides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Assessment of mechanical properties of silkworm cocoons under quasi-static loading
H. Ahmadi M. HasheminiyaMost agricultural products are viscoelastic, showing a complex behavior during transport, grading, and separation. Thus, it seems necessary to determine the mechanical properties of these materials to analyze their behavior and minimize losses. Accordingly, this study i MoreMost agricultural products are viscoelastic, showing a complex behavior during transport, grading, and separation. Thus, it seems necessary to determine the mechanical properties of these materials to analyze their behavior and minimize losses. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of hybrid type (154×153, 31×32, and 154×151), loading rate (10 and 20 mm/min), and loading direction (horizontal and vertical) on the mechanical properties of silkworm cocoons. A factorial experiment was used in a completely randomized design to analyze the data, and the means were compared by the multiple range Duncan test at a probability level (α) of ٥%. The results showed the significant impact of the hybrid type, loading direction and speed, and their interaction on all mechanical properties of specimens. All mechanical properties of hybrids decreased as the loading speed increased from 10 to 20 mm/min. On the other hand, the rupture force, rupture energy, toughness, and deformation at rupture point were higher in horizontal loading than in vertical loading. According to the results, the highest rupture force (10.05 N) was measured for the hybrid 154×153. However, the highest rupture energy (2.78 J), deformation at rupture point (610 mm), and toughness (3.6×10-4 J/mm3) were measured for the hybrid 31×32 under horizontal loading at a loading speed of 10 mm/min. The lowest rupture force (3.83 N), rupture energy (0.27 J), deformation at rupture point (160 mm), and toughness (0.34×10-4 J/mm3) were obtained for the hybrid 154×151 under vertical loading at a loading speed of 20 mm/min. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Evaluation of the nucleotide and protein sequences of Cytochrome P450 enzymes of the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana
Maryam Rashki مجتبی MortezaviThe nucleotide and protein sequences and phylogenetic relationships between the genes encoding seven cytochrome P450 enzymes for the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC90517 existed in the gene bank were assessed. Based on BLASTN results, the highest MoreThe nucleotide and protein sequences and phylogenetic relationships between the genes encoding seven cytochrome P450 enzymes for the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC90517 existed in the gene bank were assessed. Based on BLASTN results, the highest identity of the seven sequences was observed with the genes of B. bassiana strain ARSEF (84-100%) and then the fungi Cordyceps militaris and Isaria fumosorosea (76-89%), which was according to the BLASTP results. Calculating the percentage of sequence identity with each other using the SIAS program showed that only the amino acid sequences related to CYP52X1 and CYP52G11 genes had more than 47% identity and put in the same family (CYP52). Sequences associated with different families had identity less than 44%. The phylogenetic trees plotted using software IQ-tree v.1.6 based on the nucleotide and amino acid showed that CYP53A26 and CYP617N1 were most closely matched to each otherand put in a separate group. Other P450 genes were also in the same group. Determination of the protein characteristics and motifs of seven enzymes of cytochrome P450 in the fungus B. bassiana is very important and necessary due to their role in iron binding. The presence of various amino acids with different properties in the motifs has been able to increase the host range of this fungus in controlling pest insects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Study on cold storage biological parameters of Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym.;Braconidae) in vitro
S. Hajarian Reza Vafaei shoshtari J. shakaramiCotton bollworm and corn stem borers are the most significant pests in the Middle East countries. Habrobracon hebetor is one of the most important parasitoid of some agricultural pests. In this study, we investigate the effect of cold storage on the biological parameter MoreCotton bollworm and corn stem borers are the most significant pests in the Middle East countries. Habrobracon hebetor is one of the most important parasitoid of some agricultural pests. In this study, we investigate the effect of cold storage on the biological parameters of Habrobrac wasp including percentage parasitism, reproduction, male generation in temperature 5 storage on the within 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 days in laboratory condition on the flour moth 30 days Anagasta­ kuehnilla (Zeller) that the experiments were conducted at 26ºc, 60 ± 5 % humidity and 16:8 light\dark ratio. Based on these results, the most percentage parasitism (97.67%), reproduction (28.20 wasps) and adults longevity (7.60 days) were obtained in storage on the within 5 days that show significant difference in comparison with other storages. Also the obtained results show that time saving does not effect on the breeding but mass production of H. hebetor is improved and greatly enhances the performance of this biological agent in pest control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Phlebotomine sand flies fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae), in Alborz province, Iran
Tahereh Nouroozikouh Nasser Hoghooghi rad Shahrokh Navidpour Saloomeh Shirali Kasra EsmailniaSand flies of the Phlebotomine family are the main vectors of leishmaniasis (salak) and some other diseases all around the world. Salak is endemic disease in many parts of Iran. Due to the fact that in recent years, we have witnessed the occurrence of salak in Alborz pr MoreSand flies of the Phlebotomine family are the main vectors of leishmaniasis (salak) and some other diseases all around the world. Salak is endemic disease in many parts of Iran. Due to the fact that in recent years, we have witnessed the occurrence of salak in Alborz province, and since providing an effective control strategy for vector- borne diseases, requires identification of the fauna of their vectors, the present study was carried out with the aims of identifying the fauna of these sand flies in Alborz province. Sand flies were collected biweekly during the months of August, September and October 2021, from designated areas, using sticky traps. In this study, 1157 sand flies were collected and identified. The number of sand flies caught from indoor and outdoor places was respectively 31.72% and 68.28%. Overall, Six of which were of genus Phlebotomus (Raynal, 1937), including P. papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), 695(60.07%), P. kandelakii (Shchurenkova, 1926), 13(1.12%), P. sergenti (Parrot, 1917), 232(20.05%), P. major (Annandale, 1910), 14(1.21%), P. caucasicus (Marzinowsky,1917), 4(0.35%), P. alexandri (Alexandri Sinton, 1920), 18(1.56%), and four were of the genus Sergentomyia (Artemiev, 1978), including S. tiberiadis (Adler, Theodor & Lourie, 1930), 109(9.42%), S. baghdadis (Adler & Theodor, 1929), 53(4.58%), S.sintoni (Sintoni Pringle, 1933), 14(1.21%), S. clydei (Sinton, 1928), 5(0.43%). This study has shown that, P. papatasi (Scopoli, 1786) and P. sergenti (Parrot, 1917) are the most abundant species, and it seems these could be the potential vectors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region. Understanding fauna and ecological aspects of sand flies can help to control of disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Thermal reaction of the intrinsic rate of population increase in Habrobracon hebetor (Say)
M. M. Montazeri shila goldasteh جلال shirazi E. SanatgarThe intrinsic rate of population increase (r) is one of the most important biological attributes of insects which is highly influenced by ambient temperature. In the present research, the response of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hym.: Braconidae) intrinsic rate of populat MoreThe intrinsic rate of population increase (r) is one of the most important biological attributes of insects which is highly influenced by ambient temperature. In the present research, the response of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hym.: Braconidae) intrinsic rate of population increase reared on Galleria mellonella L. (Lep.: Pyralidae) larvae was evaluated at 6 different temperatures (20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5 ℃), 65±5% RH and 16:8 h L:D. For each temperature 80 to 250 fresh eggs of the wasp were reared as a cohort. The r was calculated using TWOSEX-MSChart software and obtained values were fitted to Briere-2 and Lactin-2 thermal models. Results showed that r was 0.0387 day-1 at 20 ℃ and increased to 0.0899 day-1 at 22.5, almost 2.3 folds higher. However, it was 0.1120 day-1 at 25 ℃ which only elevated 1.3 folds compared to that at 22.5 ℃. Nevertheless, the intrinsic rate of population increase of H. hebetor reached to its maximum value at 27.5 ℃ (0.2001 day-1), though, it decreased about 7.5 and 10% at 30 and 32.5 ℃, respectively. Thermal modelling proved that calculated values of r were almost identical to estimated ones only at low temperatures (20 and 22.5 ℃). In contrast, both models estimated H. hebetor intrinsic rate of population increase significantly lower compared with calculated ones at higher temperatures. Despite what was observed by calculations, Briere-2 and Lactin-2 models recorded the maximum r at 30 ℃ to be 0.1918 and 0.1922 day-1, respectively. It is recommended to consider insects’ life parameters estimations of thermal models along with real values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Prediction of toxicity and octanol – water partition coefficient of organochlorine pesticides using Molecular Descriptors and GA-MLR Method
F. Shafiei Z. ZamaniIn this research, Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies have been used to predict activities of organochlorine pesticides. Firstly, the chemical structure of molecules was drawn with the Gauss view 05 program and optimized at Hartree–Fo MoreIn this research, Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies have been used to predict activities of organochlorine pesticides. Firstly, the chemical structure of molecules was drawn with the Gauss view 05 program and optimized at Hartree–Fock level of theory and 6-31G* basis sets using Gaussian 09 software. The physiochemical properties namely octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) and toxicity (log LD50) are taken from the scientific web book. The dragon software has been used for the calculation of molecular descriptors. The suitable descriptors were selected with the aid of the genetic algorithm (GA) and backward techniques. At the next step, the relationship between molecular descriptors and the activities was investigated by multiple linear regression (MLR) method. In order to build and test QSAR models, a data set of organochlorine pesticides was randomly separated into 2 groups: training (80%) and test (20%) sets. The models were evaluated with regression parameters: correlation coefficient (R), squared regression coefficient (R2), adjusted correlation coefficient (R2 adj) and root mean squared error (RMSE). For the predictive ability and verification of the models are discussed by using Leave-One-Out (LOO) cross-validation and external test set. The external prediction accuracy of the obtained models was examined using the above regression parameters. Results of validations and high statistical quality of models indicate that generated GA-MLR models are reasonable QSAR models. These models help to delineate the important descriptors responsible for predicting their activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Study of the respiratory lethality effect of essential oils of 4 perennial savory species on varroa mite and Iranian honey bee in an apiary.
hamid por khaghan ALIREZA JALALI ZANDVarroa destructor Anderson & Trueman is one of the most perilous pests of honey bee colonies around the world. So, natural products such as plant essential oils are considered as a suitable replacement for chemical compounds in pest control. This study was planned t MoreVarroa destructor Anderson & Trueman is one of the most perilous pests of honey bee colonies around the world. So, natural products such as plant essential oils are considered as a suitable replacement for chemical compounds in pest control. This study was planned to check the respiratory killing effect of essential oils of four perennial Satureja species on Varroa destructor and Apis mellifera meda in an apiary. The sensitivity of the mite to four essential oils was according to the following, S. khuzestanica Jamzad, S. rechingeri Jamzad, S. mutica and, S. bachtiarica Bunge. The calculated LC50 values for S. khuzestanica Jamzad and S. rechingeri Jamzad were 151.6 and 161.77 ppm for Varroa mite and 328.22 and 337.7 for honey bee, respectively. Qualitative analysis of essential oils showed that the major component of the oils for all species was carvacrol. Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad and S. rechingeri Jamzad had the highest amount of carvacrol with 93.5% and 88.8%, respectively. In general, the essential oil of S. khuzestanica Jamzad and S. rechingeri Jamzad had a high ability to control Varroa mites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Life chart and hunter rate of Macrolophus caliginosus (Het: Miridae) by feeding on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
A. Zaraei S. Imani S. Tirgary H. BelgheiszadeMacrolophus caliginosus (Het: Miridae) is one of the biological control factors of some plant pests in Iran. In this study, the parameters of life table and reproduction of this insect in the growth chamber under temperature conditions of 25±1 °C, relative hu MoreMacrolophus caliginosus (Het: Miridae) is one of the biological control factors of some plant pests in Iran. In this study, the parameters of life table and reproduction of this insect in the growth chamber under temperature conditions of 25±1 °C, relative humidity of 65±10% and light period of 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness by feeding from different age stages of two-part tartan mite (TU) ) was evaluated. The experiment was started by using 100 one-day-old insects and the mortality rate of different age stages was determined daily. The results showed that the age-specific (qx) mortality of Macrolophus caliginosus nymphs started at 4 days of age and gradually increased with slight fluctuations. Life expectancy increased slightly after the nymphs hatched, but then declined. Life expectancy at the time of nymph hatching was 17.75 days and at the time of emergence of adult insects was estimated to be 13.95 days. Net fertility and fertility rates, which indicate the reproductive participation of females in each generation for the next generation, were set at 32.91 t 0.17 and 26.35 t 1.02, respectively. Also, the average number of eggs produced by each female was 4.18 eggs per day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Species Diversity of Edaphic Mesostigmatid Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) of Shiraz
m. farzaneh Hadi Ostovan SH. hesamiSpecies diversity is one of the most important indicators of changes in ecosystems. This subject always considered as a significant point in ecosystem. Mesotigmatid mites are the largest order among Parasitiformes mites. The main purpose of this survey was evaluating of MoreSpecies diversity is one of the most important indicators of changes in ecosystems. This subject always considered as a significant point in ecosystem. Mesotigmatid mites are the largest order among Parasitiformes mites. The main purpose of this survey was evaluating of species diversity of mites among Mesotigmata during the 2018 in Shiraz city. In each region, 2 habitats of urban green space (Landscape) trees and orchard trees were selected. Continuous soil sampling was performed every 2 weeks. A total of 1252 specimens belonging to 22 species from 11 families and 8 host plant were collected. Calculation of biodiversity indices based on species abundance and data analysis using Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Pete, Manning and Margalf indices, using Microsoft Excel 2016 was calculated. Our finding shower that biological indicators are significantly different according to vegetation and sampling seasons. Based on LSD test to compare indices in different seasons of the year, spring with 0.913 Simpson indices, Shannon-Wiener 2.569, Pete 0.9482, and Margalf 2.815 had the highest values while in the index. Also according to this test, green space had the highest indices with 0.837 Simpson, 2.154 Shannon-Wiener, 1.362 Manning and 2.55. the highest diversity observed relative frequency with 54.04% belonged to the Laelapidae family. The highest frequency of specimens among fruit trees was related to pomegranate with 204 and among urban green space trees belonged to poplar with 333 specimens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Toxicity and insecticidal effect of titanium oxide nanoparticles on American cockroach
Ali Noori Shahzad ShiraniBackground and purpose: American cockroach is one of the important household insects, which transmits many types of pathogens to the environment. On the other hand, the methods used to control it today are somewhat ineffective and have caused resistance in these insects MoreBackground and purpose: American cockroach is one of the important household insects, which transmits many types of pathogens to the environment. On the other hand, the methods used to control it today are somewhat ineffective and have caused resistance in these insects. Materials and methods: 311 adult American cockroaches were purchased from Tehran Health College. Titanium oxide nanoparticles were also purchased from Neutrino company, Tehran. Different concentrations of nanoparticles were prepared for oral and contact treatments of American cockroaches. American cockroaches were treated by contact and oral method with different concentrations of titanium oxide nanoparticles with three repetitions. The average percentage of insect mortality in different groups was compared by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test. Also, the average percentage of insect mortality on different days in each group was compared by analysis of variance with repeated observations. Results: The oral treatment of American cockroaches was more effective than the contact treatment in concentrations of 15 and 21% in all days, but the contact treatment was more effective than the oral treatment in all days except the seventh day in a concentration of 25%. In general, oral treatment was more effective than contact treatment. With increasing dose and passage of time, the mortality percentage of American cockroaches increased significantly due to contact and oral treatment with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Conclusion: The use of different nanoparticles, including titanium dioxide nanoparticles, can create a significant effect in controlling the American cockroach as a new method along with the previous methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Pistachio orchard pests in kermanshah province and the first report of Thrips minutissimus
A. Jamshidi hasan ali vahedi A. A. Zamani B. Farhadi bansolehPistachio is one of the most important and economical agricultural products of Iran from the standpoint of exportation. Iran is the first largest producer of pistachio in the world. Due to expansion of pistachio orchards in Kermanshah province, this research was done in MorePistachio is one of the most important and economical agricultural products of Iran from the standpoint of exportation. Iran is the first largest producer of pistachio in the world. Due to expansion of pistachio orchards in Kermanshah province, this research was done in 2017, 2018 and 2019 to identify the pests of these trees. Different sampling methods such as direct collection, rearing in laboratory, sweep in net, white tray, light trap, aspirators were used to collect insects. Finally, 13 species of insect pests including Sulamicerus stali Fieber, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer, Forda hirsuta Mordvilko, Anapulvinaria pistaciae Bodenheimer, Lepidosaphes pistaciae Archangelskaya, Acrosternum heegeri Fieber, Polydrosus davatchii Hoffman, Anthaxia judinae Stepanov, Carphoborus perrisi Chapuis, Recurvaria pistaciicola Danilewski, Eurytoma plontnikovi Nikolskaya were reported on pistachio trees in pistachio orchards. Labidostomis luristanica Warchalowski (Col .: Chrysomelidae) was first report from Kermanshah province and Thrips minutissimus Linnaeus (Thy .: Thripidae) is reported for the first time on pistachio trees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Investigation of the species Diversity of the Family Dolichopodidae (Dip. Empidoidea) In different parts of Tehran and Alborz provinces
M. Kabiri Nasab Kabiri Nasab shila goldasteh F. Kazerani E. SanatgarPreserving and increasing the insect biodiversity is considered as one of the most important components in pest control without the use of chemical pesticides and plays an important role in reducing environmental pollution and achieving sustainable development. Dolichop MorePreserving and increasing the insect biodiversity is considered as one of the most important components in pest control without the use of chemical pesticides and plays an important role in reducing environmental pollution and achieving sustainable development. Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, with more than 7500 described species in about 276 genera is the most important and biggest family of the superfamily Empidoidea. Adults and larvae of the most species are predators of other insects. In the present study, in order to investigate the fauna of the family Dolichopodidae, sampling was performed using entomological nets and Malaysian traps in 2017-2018 in Tehran and Alborz provinces. Species diversity studies showed that the diversity of this family in the areas with high humidity and mixed and abundant vegetation is more than other areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Lethal Strength and Compatability of Bacillus thuringiensis with Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in Stored Date Pest (Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Ephestia kuehniella) Control
Hadi Ostovan m. latifiyan نگار bahmani sh hesami -
Open Access Article
319 - Study of quantitative structure–property relationship for predicting the logP of pyrethroid derivatives using multiple linear regression method
Mostafa Sadeghi Esmat Mohammadinasab Tahereh Momeni IsfahaniIn this research, predicting the logP of 34 types different pyrethroid derivatives was studied using quantitative structure-property relationship. The logP of studied pyrethroids was modeled using the genetic algorithm based on linear regression method (GA-MLR). It was MoreIn this research, predicting the logP of 34 types different pyrethroid derivatives was studied using quantitative structure-property relationship. The logP of studied pyrethroids was modeled using the genetic algorithm based on linear regression method (GA-MLR). It was found that the three effective descriptors GATS4P, PW3 and ZM1V have a reasonable correlation with logP, and led to the creation of a model with the highest regression coefficient and the lower error. The evaluation of GA-MLR model predictive ability for test set was performed by statistical parameters such as R2= 0.862, R2adj = 0.848, F=62.296 and MSE = 0.503. Also, the value of Q2LOO= 0.861 using the cross-validation method, and the values of R2 =0.880 and 0.929 for the training and test sets respectively, in the external validation method showed a very good correlation between experimental and prediction values. It was specified that the MLR model was reliable for predicting the logP of pyrethroid insecticides, and had sufficient accuracy with the lowest error. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Investigating the lethal and sublethal effects of Hexaflumoron and Flufenoxuron on some biological parameters of chrysoperla carnea Stephens. (Neuroptera:Crysopidae).
Mehdi Dehghani-Zahedani Hassan Mirzahashemi-Davoudabadi Soltan Ravan Abbas KhaniThe common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea Stephens. is one of the critical natural enemies of pistachio psyllid Agonoscena pistaciae Burkhardt and Lauterer. in pistachio orchards of the Kerman province of Iran. Considering the economic importance of the pistachio psy MoreThe common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea Stephens. is one of the critical natural enemies of pistachio psyllid Agonoscena pistaciae Burkhardt and Lauterer. in pistachio orchards of the Kerman province of Iran. Considering the economic importance of the pistachio psyllid, knowledge of the interactions between the pesticides used and biological pest control agents in the case of pistachio psyllid is necessary to implement IPM programs. In this research, the effects of some Hexaflumoron and Flufenoxuron insecticides were investigated on some biological parameters of C.carnea in the laboratory and the growth chamber with temperature conditions of 26±1C°, Relative humidity of 70±5 and photoperiod 16 hours of light and eight the hour of darkness. The estimated LC50 values for Hexaflumoron and Flufenoxuron on first-instar larvae of the C.carnea were 1.8 µg/ml and 5.2 µg/ml, respectively. LC25, as a measure of sub-lethal effects for hexaflumoron and flufenoxuron was estimated as 0.66 µg/ml and 3.3 µg/ml, respectively. According to the analysis of variance, the duration of immature stages and the lifespan of adults in the treatment with Flufenoxuron and Hexaflumoron significantly increased and decreased at 1% compared to the control. Concerning the sublethal effects of Flufenoxuron and Hexaflumoron, the duration of the immature stages of C.carnea increased by 7.6 and 9.1%, respectively, compared to the control, and the lifespan of adult insects decreased by 6.9% and 10.6% respectively. No significant difference was detected between Flufenoxuron and Hexaflumoron in terms of the immature and adult lifespans. The LC25 values of Flufenoxuron and Hexaflumoron reduced the fertility of C.carnea by 19.7% and 33.2%, respectively. Also, the hatching rate of C.carnea eggs in contact with Flufenoxuron and Hexaflumoron decreased by 21.7% and 31.4%, respectively. Due to Flufenoxuron's lower effect than Hexaflumoron on some biological parameters of C.carnea, using Flufenoxuron is more recommended according to the integrated management of A.pistaciae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Evaluation of the biological indices of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick, on tomato plants treated with calcium and silicon nutrition in greenhouse conditions
A. Ghassemi-Kahrizeh S. KhanchahzarExcessive use of chemical pesticides in recent decades has caused problems in relation to the environment, human health, non-target organisms, water pollution and increased resistance of insects. Therefore, various strategies can be used, such as the use of nutrition fo MoreExcessive use of chemical pesticides in recent decades has caused problems in relation to the environment, human health, non-target organisms, water pollution and increased resistance of insects. Therefore, various strategies can be used, such as the use of nutrition for resistance to pests. In this research, the biological indices of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Ghelechiidae), was investigated on tomato plants (Falat cultivar) treated with nutrients calcium, silicon and mixture of calcium+silicon in greenhouse conditions. Significant differences were observed between treatments for all studied traits except pre-pupal period (P˂0.05). Means comparison revealed that the lowest density of larvae, pupae and adults was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon with means values of 17.00±0.41, 16.00±0.41 and 11.50±0.29 number per plant, respectively while the greatest density of larvae, pupae and adults was observed on control with means values of 21.00±0.41, 20.25±0.48 and 20.00±0.92 number per plant, respectively. The lowest and greatest larvae periods was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon and control with means values of 13.25±0.29 and 21.00±0.58 days, respectively, also, the lowest and greatest pupae periods was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon and control with means values of 9.75±0.48 and 12.75±0.63 days, respectively. The lowest and greatest longevity of adults was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon and control with means values of 19.00±0.91 and 38.00±0.82 days, respectively. The lowest larvae and pupae weights was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon with means values of 8.00±0.58 and 6.50±0.64 mg, respectively. The greatest larvae and pupae weights was observed on control with means values of 23.25±0.85 and 22.00±0.82 mg, respectively. The results showed that calcium and silicon foliar application can be caused biological control of tomato leaf miner and can be reduced its injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Investigating The Effect Of Silicon And Its Formulations on Biological Parameters And Density Of Tetranychus Urticae On Five Bean Varieties
H. Rezaei Shila Goldasteh Elham Sanatgar A. NickpeyThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silicon and its formulations on biological parameters and Tetranychus urticae sphincter density on five bean cultivars. The research is a laboratory study that was carried out in a factorial design (first factor Bea MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silicon and its formulations on biological parameters and Tetranychus urticae sphincter density on five bean cultivars. The research is a laboratory study that was carried out in a factorial design (first factor Bean cultivar and second type of silicone consumed). The tested bean cultivars consist of five varieties of red bean, black bean, white, black and white beans. For the experiment, for each bean variety, 20 pots are considered (totally 100 pots). The silicon compounds used in the experiments include silicone fluid fertilizer, liquid potassium silicate, powder calcium silicate. From each of 20 pots of a bean cultivar, 5 pots were considered as controls, and 5 pots of liquid potassium silicate, 5 pots of powdered calcium silicate and finally on the last 5 pots of liquid fertilizer based on silicon. . Then 10 leaves of each pot are placed in a petri dish and placed on the leaves of 50 equally male and female mats, and the petri dishes are incubated at 25 ± 5 ° C and The relative humidity was 60 ± 10%. Then, in 18 days, the number of adult mites on the back and back of each leaf of each petri and the number of eggs on the back and back of them were counted with anatomical microscope, and the biological parameters and survival percentage of each stage of growth The available varieties of each bean variety were studied under a special silicone composition until the death of the last mite. SPSS-23 software was used for data analysis and Excel charts were used to draw tables charts. The results indicate that the most effective use of silicon and formulations in bean breeding, including siliciculous liquid fertilizer, liquid potassium silicate, powdered calcium silicate, has been shown to decrease the survival or survival ratio and life expectancy and decrease Turning eggs into larvae, and turning larvae into nymphs, and turning nymphs into mites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - A Heuristic Algorithm for Solving Single Machine Scheduling Problem with Periodic Maintenance
Amir Ebrahimi Zade Mohammad Bagher Fakhrzad Mohsen Hasaninezhad -
Open Access Article
324 - The Improvement of System Reliability Optimization Model and Finding an Optimal Solution
Seyed-Jafar Sadjadi Saeed Jafari -
Open Access Article
325 - Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction, Quality Banking Services to Iran, Using the Servqual Model (Case Study: Resalat Bank of Kermanshah Province)
Peyman Akbari Abedin Darabi -
Open Access Article
326 - Evaluation Criteria for Selecting Suppliers in the Field of Research With Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Approach
Hamidreza Feili Sina Namazi Jamshid Karimi Mohammad-Javad Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
327 - Benchmarking Marketing Productivity Using Data Envelopment Analysis: a Modified Approach
Farhad Hosseinzadeh Zohreh Moghaddas -
Open Access Article
328 - Fuzzy Multivariate Process Capability Index for Measuring Process Capability
Saeed Fayyaz Majid Ebrahimi Ali Gholi Nejad Devin -
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329 - Analysis of Marketing Strategy Impact on Organizational Performance in the Iran Banking Industry Case Study: Maskan Bank of Kermanshah Province
Peyman Akbari Hamid-Reza Jalilian -
Open Access Article
330 - The Role of Human Capital of Management Team on Performance in Iranian Academic Spin-Offs
Mehdi Shahsavari Jalal Haghighat-Monfared -
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331 - Identify Dynamic Capabilities of Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Process Capabilities; and Prioritizing Dynamic Capabilities by FUZZY AHP
Mozhgan Dehghani -
Open Access Article
332 - Investigation the Effect of Knowledge Management on Organizational Agility
Houshang Taghizadeh -
Open Access Article
333 - Provide a Framework for Identifying and Prioritize the Factors Affecting the Human Resources Effectiveness with ANP Approach
Parisa Aghababaie-Poor Mehrdad Hosseini-Shakib Abbas Khamseh -
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334 - A Practical Common Weight Scalarizing Function Approach for Technology Selection
Mousa Amini Alireza Alinezhad -
Open Access Article
335 - The Effect of Covid-19 Disease on the Mental Health and Attendance of Urban Planning Students: A Case Study of Students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad
nadia arbab Toktam Hanaee -
Open Access Article
336 - The effectiveness of the psychological package of pre-marital education on the problem-solving styles of couples applying for marriage
Farshad Zhian Mohammad Hatami Mojgan Ahgah HarrisAim: The purpose of this research is to investigate the leve of effectiveness of pre-marriage educational- psychological package (Olson's model) on problem-solving styles of couples applying for marriage. Methods: The research method is quasi-experimental with a pre-tes MoreAim: The purpose of this research is to investigate the leve of effectiveness of pre-marriage educational- psychological package (Olson's model) on problem-solving styles of couples applying for marriage. Methods: The research method is quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population of the research includes people who referred to health and treatment centers for pre-marital counseling in Tehran, who applied for marriage in the first half of 2020. Ten centers were randomly selected and taking into account the possibility of dropping subjects, 20 people from each center (10 couples) were selected. The instrument of data collection was Cassidy and Long's problem solving style questionnaire (1996). Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that the educational-psychological package before marriage has an effect on increasing problem-solving styles (self-confidence in solving the problem, avoiding the problem/closeness to the problem method and personal control) of couples applying for marriage, and this effect is stable in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, this psychological training package could be used to strengthen the problem solving skills of couples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - The position of the Father in the family Nahj al-Balagha Doctrines
Shayesteh Ahmadi seyed sadegh zamani Nasrolah Erfani hooshang jadidiAbstractThe beginning school of every person is his home and family. As the early years of training play a fundamental role in the physical, emotional, moral, and rational structure, they are of great importance and the role of the family in these years is so distinguis MoreAbstractThe beginning school of every person is his home and family. As the early years of training play a fundamental role in the physical, emotional, moral, and rational structure, they are of great importance and the role of the family in these years is so distinguished. As one of the family pillars, the father does not have any substitutes. Children acquire the first affection, friendship, hatred, and hostility lessons at home. The role of the father is highly outstanding in the family because he is the main person responsible for the proper training of children. This research aims at investigating the educational role of the father in the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah. The study was done with the descriptive-analytical approach and gathered library data, in particular Nahj al-Balaghah and Imam Ali's (A.S.) sayings related to the role of the father in training children. Thus, qualitative content analysis was used to analyze Nahj al-Balaghah. The ATLAS.ti software was used in this study to code, classify, and categorize selected texts. After the Nahj al-Balaghah statements related to the research subject were collected and coded, in total 571 codes related to the training and father themes were extracted from which 53 were about the training and father codes. Summarizing and incorporating Nahj al-Balaghah codes and classifying them leads us to six titles of the factors that influence training. Dashti translation of Nahj al-Balaghah was used for coding this book. Keywords: ATLAS.ti software, Family, Father, Nahj al-Balaghah, Training IntroductionIntroduction: Training means leading (Beheshti, 2019). From the training point of view, a father is regarded as a leader and a teacher, a practical and intellectual mentor, and a behavior model. The roles that people played in families in Imam Ali (A.S.)'s era were different from those in current families. In Imam Ali (A.S.)'s era, the father played a substantial and vital role in the family, was the manager of the family's production, and since his living and workplace were close to each other, he could better supervise his family. However, nowadays the living and workplace are far from each other and the father can't spend much time with his family and children (Aron, 2014: 30)."Training from Ali's Point of View" by Majid Rashidpur, "Training and Education in Nahj al-Balagha" by Majid Fuladgar, "Mah-e Mehrparvar", "Training in Nahj al-Balagha", and "Taer Farrokhpey" by Mostafa Delshad Tehrani, and "Social Training and Professional Training in Nahj al-Balagha", "Effective Factors in Training from Nahj al-Balagha Point of View" by Najme Vakili are all written in this regard.This study aims at investigating the role of the father in Nahj al-Balagha doctrines. Thus, the descriptive-analytical method is used to study the role of the father in training children from Imam Ali (A.S.)'s point of view. MethodologyThis research is applied in terms of purpose and uses the content analytical method. All of Nahj al-Balaghah was used as the statistical population and the ATLAS.ti software was used for extracting 2345 codes. Fifty three codes that referred to the role and position of the father were chosen for this study. ResultsAnalyzing the quantitative data of the factors effective in the father's role in training from Nahj al-Balaghah's point of view was the basis of testing the research hypotheses. It is worth mentioning that we tried to rely only on analyzing the quantitative data of extracting the categories from the chosen Nahj al-Balaghah text; in other words, we didn't use our personal opinions to obtain the results. Since without mentioning God and relying on divine training, the heart is destroyed and humans fall into the bottom of the well, the father must take care of his children to invite them to divine piety and polish their souls with advice and suggestions. DiscussionThe study investigated the role of the father in the family based on the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah. The results indicated that when training his children throughout their childhood and teenagehood, the father must advise his children based on his love for them, and he must teach them self-improvement principles and walking with God, so that they avoid worldly whims, remove distracting hobbies, and think of the hereafter journey without any negligence.The study results are in line with the results of Salehi Babamiri & Faraji (2019), Alavi (2014), Zohadat (2011), and Siers (2012) studies. In his research, Mirzabeigi (2015) concluded that the father is the main responsible person for establishing order and security, enforcing the law, and planning life matters at home; therefore, as the children get older, their need for their father gets more essential and more vital. ConclusionStudying the results of some research that was done in the 1990s, we conclude that:Although the child models many people in his life, the father can be a suitable model for him at all ages. The child models many ethical vices and virtues from his father. The role of the father in the family and training children is considered so important in educational psychology that his ethical and personality characteristics may be found out through his children's behaviors.Nowadays, one of the reasons for the families' weakness is the reduced role of the father in the family. Children who are grown up in their father's absence are more susceptible to crimes.Acknowledgments The study is extracted from the Ph.D. dissertation at the Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch. We hereby thank all the experts who contributed to the research. FundingThis research received no specific funding from funding organizations in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors, and the research costs were covered solely by the first author. Conflict of interestResearchers allow the journal to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. References:Alayi Rahmani, F. S., Z. (2014). The Impact of Family, Environment, andDetermination on Forming Human Personality from Imam Ali's (A.S) Point of View. Quarterly of Nahj al-Balagha Research Papers, 5(2), 83-104. (Persian).Aron, R. (2014). Basic Steps of Thought in Sociology (P. Bagher, Trans.). Islamic Revolution Publications. (Persian).Beheshti, M. (2019). The Basics of Training according to Qoran point of view. Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought. (Persian).Mirzabeigi, H. A. (2013). The Role of Father in the Family. Avamatn. (Persian).Salehi Babamiri, N. F., Y. (2019). A Study of the Role of Family in the Education and Training of Children from Nahj al-Balagha. Psychological Studies and Educational Sciences, 1, 84-73. (Persian). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 1H-Pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione Derivatives using MCM-41
Adel Ghasemi Haleh Sanaeishoar -
Open Access Article
339 - Model to determine Optimization number of work stations and balancing line by using genetic algorithm in the saipa company
saeed amini Reza Ehtesham Rasi vahid amini hosein taheriGiven the importance and attractiveness of the mixed product parallel lines balancing problem and the importance of the human factor in the development process and also very few studies in relation to several simultaneous objectives that is a new approach in the field o MoreGiven the importance and attractiveness of the mixed product parallel lines balancing problem and the importance of the human factor in the development process and also very few studies in relation to several simultaneous objectives that is a new approach in the field of parallel assembly lines, this paper presents a two-objective combined integer mathematical model for balancing mixed-model parallel assembly lines. Because of the complexity of the problem is in the class of NP-hard problems, the mathematical model can’t be solved for the actual dimensions of the industry. Genetic algorithm was used to solve this problem, coding and designing is done with MATLAB. The proposed model is evaluated by data set provided in this area. Results reflect the good performance of the model and improved objectives. Therefore proposed model leads to reduce the number of stations required in lines and minimize the total cost of human resources in mixed model parallel assembly lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Identifying antecedent and consequence of Market Orientation in the Dairy Industry (Case Study of Ramak Dairy Products Company)
hossein mokhtarpoor serajaldin mohebi bijan nahavandiThis study aims to Identify the antecedent and consequence of Market Orientation in Dairy industry (case study of Ramak Dairy Products Company) was conducted. In terms of purpose, it was applied and in terms of how to collect information, it was a mixed (qualitative-qua MoreThis study aims to Identify the antecedent and consequence of Market Orientation in Dairy industry (case study of Ramak Dairy Products Company) was conducted. In terms of purpose, it was applied and in terms of how to collect information, it was a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) research.The statistical population in the qualitative section included academic and organizational experts including Ramek specialists and in the quantitative section included all employees of Ramek Dairy Products Company. The sample size was estimated in the qualitative part with theoretical saturation (15 people using purposive sampling) and in the quantitative part based on Cochran's formula 291 people.Data collection tools were qualitative interview, interview and quantitative researcher questionnaire. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the qualitative data.The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in terms of form, content and structure. The reliability of the questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.86. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The results identified 19 components and 90 indicators that 11 components (internal factors) of market orientation antecedent including senior management emphasis, manager risk-taking, conflict, cross-sectoral communication, structure, market-based reward system, marketers' expertise, Citizenship behavior, marketing culture, marketing capability and innovation and the four components of external factors of market orientation predecessors included market turmoil, competition, technological dynamics and market intelligence. And 4 components including commitment, satisfaction, employee solidarity and performance were considered as the consequences of market orientation. A research model consisting of the effective antecedents and consequences of market orientation was presented . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Providing an optimal model of production planning, repairs and maintenance and scheduling of labor in conditions of uncertainty and solving it with the ant algorithm
mohammd sharifzadegan Tahmourth sohrabi Ahmad Jafarnejad Chaghoshi,Abstract: In today's competitive environment, production productivity is a very important and key issue. However, all department of the production unit are interdependent. Rapid response to customer needs, diversity, reliability and cost of equipment and machinery due t MoreAbstract: In today's competitive environment, production productivity is a very important and key issue. However, all department of the production unit are interdependent. Rapid response to customer needs, diversity, reliability and cost of equipment and machinery due to the widespread limitations in production resources to be competitive and gain market share in conditions of uncertainty, is needed to make management decisions from Use an integrated format that incorporates important elements. Accordingly, in this study, the integration of three important areas in manufacturing companies has been addressed. These areas include production planning, maintenance, and manpower planning. In this way, a mathematical model with the aim of optimal use of labor and increasing production volume is presented. In this model of workers' experience, machine utilization rate and machine failure rate are expressed uncertainly and with fuzzy numbers. To solveing this model, the ants meta-innovation algorithm has been used. Numerical results obtained from the implementation in an industrial company show that the algorithm used can provide answers with the least possible error in a reasonable time. Sensitivity analysis also shows that the failure rate of the machine before and after repairs and maintenance has a great impact on the value of the objective function of the mathematical model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - The identification and ranking of the indicators affecting the routing and scheduling of sustainable urban transportation using multi-criteria decisions
shiba masoumi Seyyed Mohammad Hadji Molana Mehrdad Javadi Amir AziziAbstractThe present study was carried out in order to evaluate and rank the indicators of urban transport sustainability using descriptive-analytical methodology and Delphi methods, best-worst and best priority. In order to achieve the indicators of sustainable transpor MoreAbstractThe present study was carried out in order to evaluate and rank the indicators of urban transport sustainability using descriptive-analytical methodology and Delphi methods, best-worst and best priority. In order to achieve the indicators of sustainable transportation in three economic, social and environmental dimensions, the criteria were ranked based on library studies, and the opinion of experts, so as to finalize the criteria of great importance on the research issue to enter the Delphi method, and be used as the evaluation criteria to save time and the number of trips. The final criteria were entered into the weighting and ranking process using the best-worst method and the best priority method. The results of the two methods of best-worst and best priority were compared using statistical methods.Considering that the ranking of the criteria was the same in both methods and the Spearman correlation coefficient was +1, so there is a strong correlation between the criteria.Also, the Pearson correlation coefficient between weights was 0.989 and the significance level was zero, which demonstrate a strong relationship between variables. Therefore, ranking and weighting obtained from the two methods were accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - The effect of technical education and meta-cognitive strategies in a group method on the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education
Azam Harooni maryam taghvaeeyazdiThe purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the superficial and deep approaches of study with self-directed learning skills among teacher education students. The method of this research is correlation. The statistical population includes 430 student MoreThe purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the superficial and deep approaches of study with self-directed learning skills among teacher education students. The method of this research is correlation. The statistical population includes 430 students of Teacher Training in Tabriz in 2018. A sample of 272 people was estimated using the Kerjesi-Morgan table that were selected through simple random sampling method. The data gathering tool consists of two standard questionnaires: self-centered learning skills questionnaire–Tran (2009) and the study approach questionnaire–Biggs, Kember and Leung (2001). The second questionnaire was modified in 2011 in Turkey by Ilymas and Orhan. The statistical tests used in this research are Anova, T-test and independent groups, Pearson correlation coefficient. Data were analyzed using Spss 20 software. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the deep study approach and self-centered learning skills (r = 0.320). But there is a negative and significant relationship between the surface study approach to self-centered learning skills (r = -0.282). The results of t-test showed that self-centered learning skills and surface study approach have significant differences between men and women (p < 0.05). Anova results showed that there is no significant difference between the different groups of teacher education students about the measurement scales (p > 0.05). The in-depth study can lead to increased self-directed learning skills and educational authorities should take the necessary steps to promote this approach in teacher training centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Determining the competency indicators of the first grade high school teachers in Karaj city
farzad eskandari nasab Khadijeh Abolmaali Freeborz dortaj Freeborz BagheriIntroduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the competency indicators of the first grade high school teachers in Karaj city in the academic year 2021. research methodology: The research method was a qualitative type of grounded theory with MoreIntroduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the competency indicators of the first grade high school teachers in Karaj city in the academic year 2021. research methodology: The research method was a qualitative type of grounded theory with a systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, until the theoretical saturation, 10 experts, specialists, and officials in the field of education in Karaj city, who were knowledgeable in the executive departments and issues related to the competence of teachers, were selected in a purposeful manner. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. In data analysis, 359 primary codes, 36 components with 220 concepts were obtained by using open, central and selective coding. Findings: The findings indicated that the components are based on indicators such as the causal conditions of teachers' competence, including: responsibility, being a role model, etc.; contextual conditions include: conscientiousness, self-confidence, etc.; Strategic conditions include: familiarity with educational psychology, flexibility, etc.; Intervening conditions include: innovation, the ability to diagnose and solve the problem, etc.; Consequence conditions including: consulting skills, management skills, etc. were identified. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it is possible to pay attention to the identified causal, contextual and strategic factors in improving the competence of teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - The relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to body self-concept among female students
somayeh nadiyan ghomsheh saeed bakhtiar pourThe aim of this study was the relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to self-concept among fourth year high school female students in district 3 of Ahvaz. To this end, a sample including 250 studen MoreThe aim of this study was the relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to self-concept among fourth year high school female students in district 3 of Ahvaz. To this end, a sample including 250 students were selected at cluster sampling method and tested by multidimensional body-self relation questionnaire, socio-physical anxiety questionnaire, socio-cultural attitudes test about body image, and self-concept scale. In this study, statistical methods of the Pearson correlation and multiple liner regression were used. The results showed that body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were related significantly and negatively to body self-concept in female students. Also, body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were significantly predictors of body self-concept. Keywords: Body dissatisfaction, Socio-physical anxiety Socio-cultural attitudes about appearance, Body self-concept. The aim of this study was the relationship between body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance to self-concept among fourth year high school female students in district 3 of Ahvaz. To this end, a sample including 250 students were selected at cluster sampling method and tested by multidimensional body-self relation questionnaire, socio-physical anxiety questionnaire, socio-cultural attitudes test about body image, and self-concept scale. In this study, statistical methods of the Pearson correlation and multiple liner regression were used. The results showed that body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were related significantly and negatively to body self-concept in female students. Also, body dissatisfaction, socio-physical anxiety and socio-cultural attitudes about appearance were significantly predictors of body self-concept. Keywords: Body dissatisfaction, Socio-physical anxiety Socio-cultural attitudes about appearance, Body self-concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - The relationship between perceived stress, hardiness and happiness with social adjustment on female students of Payamnoor University
marzieh talebzadehshoshtariThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stress, hardiness and happiness with social adjustment in female students of Payam Noor University of Baghmalek city. In this research, the statistical population all of female students of P MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stress, hardiness and happiness with social adjustment in female students of Payam Noor University of Baghmalek city. In this research, the statistical population all of female students of Payam-e-Noor University of Baghmaolek in the 1396 who about 1400 people. The sample of this study, which consisted of 300 students, was selected on the basis of simple random sampling method. The instrument was used Perceptual Stress Questionnaire of Safar zadeh (2000), hardiness of Ahvaz (1377), Happiness of Argyle (1989), and Social Adjustment Questionnaire Bell (1989). The present study was a correlation. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between perceived stress and the level of social adjustment in students. There is a significant positive correlation between hardiness and social adjustment in students. There is a significant positive correlation between happiness and social adjustment in students. Happiness variable with beta coefficient of 0/21, hardiness variable with beta coefficient of 0/25 can be positive and significant and the perceived stress with beta coefficient of 0/21 can negatively and significantly affect social adjustment in students to predict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group, Mediated by Social Problem Solving, on Depression in High School Girl Adolescents
behnaz ertezaee abdulzahra naamiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of adolescent depression mediated by social problem solving training. Accordingly, in an experimental study with control and experimental groups and wit MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of adolescent depression mediated by social problem solving training. Accordingly, in an experimental study with control and experimental groups and with pre-test, post-test evaluation, 60 adolescent girls with depression were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Subjects were screened using a Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Depression Inventory Structured Clinical Interview for Disorders. Data were analyzed using R software. Results from path analysis showed that cognitive behavioral therapy had an effect on increasing problem solving ability (path coefficient: 0.21). Decreasing social problem solving ability has an effect on decreasing depression scores (path coefficient: 0.38). Cognitive-behavioral therapy with social problem-solving mediation has an effect on adolescent depression scores (path coefficient: 0.33); therefore, social problem-solving training can be introduced as a mediator variable in adolescent cognitive-behavioral therapy. Keywords: Depression, Adolescence, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Social Problem Solving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Relationship between neuroticism, agreeableness and social conscientiousness with job burnout by moderating role of psychological hardiness in satellite staff of National Iranian Drilling Company.
Raziyeh Zabolzadeh bagheban somayeh esmaeliyThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness with job burnout and the moderating role of psychological hardiness in satellite staff of Iran National Drilling Company. The research method is a desc MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness with job burnout and the moderating role of psychological hardiness in satellite staff of Iran National Drilling Company. The research method is a descriptive correlational design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the staff of the National Iranian Drilling Company in 2018, of which 161 were selected through available sampling method, and copleted The Neo Characteristics Questionnaire (Costa and McCrae, 1992), Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (Kyamarthi, 1997), and Burnout Job Questionnaire (Maslach, 1982). Data were analyzed using regression analysis and SPSS-22 software. The results of the data analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between neuroticism and job burnout. There is also a negative and significant relationship between agreeableness and conscientiousness with job burnout. Also, psychological hardiness could moderate the relationship between predictive variables and job burnout. Keywords: Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Psychological Hardiness, Job Burnout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Comparison of the effectiveness of organizational intelligence training and empowerment of employees on increasing organizational productivity and organizational socializational (support social) in employees with job stress
amin zamri alireza heydari parviz asgari behnam makvandiThe aim of this research was to study the comparison of the effectiveness of the organizational intelligence training and empowerment of employees on increasing organizational productivity and organizational socializational (support social) in employees with job stress MoreThe aim of this research was to study the comparison of the effectiveness of the organizational intelligence training and empowerment of employees on increasing organizational productivity and organizational socializational (support social) in employees with job stress in Persian Gulf Star Oil Company. This design of the study was pretest, post test control group. The sample include 60 employees with job stress (20 group experimental 1 (organizational intelligence training), 20 group experimental 2 (empowerment of employees) and 20 group control) were selected randomaly sampling and the were requested to answer organizational productivity Hersi and Goldasmith (1999) scale, organizational socializational Taurmina (1997) scale and job stress Raise (1992) scale questionnaire. For analyzing the results we used covariance (MANCOVA and ANCOVA) and variance (MANOVA and ANOVA). The results of data analysis showed that as organizational intelligence training and empowerment of employees caused the increasing in organizational productivity and organizational socializational(support social) in employees with job stress experimental (1), (2) groups in comparison to the witness group and concluded that there is any significant difference between effectiveness of the organizational intelligence training and empowerment of employees on increasing organizational productivity and organizational socializational (support social) in employees with job stress and empowerment of employees was more effectiveness than organizational intelligence training on the ncrease of organizational productivity and organizational socializational(support social) in employees with job stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - The relationship between quality of life and job performance of employees with different levels of education in Fajr Petrochemical Complex in Mahshahr.
Parviz Askary Fahimeh Sajedifar More Abstract The goal of this study is to survey the relation between quality of life, with the Job performance of FAJR petrochemical employees. The research type was a correlational research. The sample includes 300 of employees who selected by stratified random sampling. The research tools consisted of " Paterson's job performance" scale, "WHO's Quality of life". For the analyzing were used Descriptive Statistical and Analysis Statistical of the causal relationship regression analysis. Result showed there was significant relationship between Quality of life and Job performance. In other words, according to the average, employees with postgraduate education than employees with diploma and degree level or high school diploma, higher quality of life. In other words, according to the average, employees with undergraduate education level of the staff's level diploma or high school diploma, higher quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - The roll of job stress and work locus of control in the job satisfaction in Emergency first responderâs.
علی اصغر محمدی محمد نقی فراهانی جعفر حسنی عباس سامیAbstract Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of job stress and work locus of control on job satisfaction of Tehran emergency first responders. Methods: In this study Correlational research method was used and 160 members of Tehran emergency first MoreAbstract Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of job stress and work locus of control on job satisfaction of Tehran emergency first responders. Methods: In this study Correlational research method was used and 160 members of Tehran emergency first responders were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data three questionnaires including: self-reported job stress questionnaire, Spector work locus of control questionnaire and job satisfaction questionnaire were used. Results:The results of this study showed there is negative significant relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. In addition, findings showed that there are significant positive and negative correlation relationships between internal and external locus of control and job satisfaction respectively. Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis showed the subscales of external locus of control, role, internal locus of control, communication and supervisors could estimate 54 percent of the variance in job satisfaction. Conclusion: According to this study, job satisfaction can be estimated on the basis of two effective factors of job stress and work locus of control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Emotional Intelligence and turnover intention: with mediator of Job Satisfaction and Positive Affect
NOOSHIN MASHAYEKHI ASMA HAJEB The purpose of this study was to test the proposed model for the effect of Emotional intelligence on turnover intention, considering the mediating role of Job satisfaction and Positive affect. The participants of the study were 200 employees of an industrial comp More The purpose of this study was to test the proposed model for the effect of Emotional intelligence on turnover intention, considering the mediating role of Job satisfaction and Positive affect. The participants of the study were 200 employees of an industrial company in Abadan (male 166, females 34) that were selected by stratified random sampling. The instruments which used in this study were Schutte Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT), Job Satisfaction Scale (JIG), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and turnover intention scale. Fitness of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM), using SPSS-21 and AMOS-21 software packages. The indirect effects were tested using the bootstrap procedure in Preacher and Hayes (2008) SPSS Macro program for multiple mediation. Findings indicated that the proposed model fit the data. Better fit and more meaningful results obtained by omitting 1 direct path (emotional intelligence on turnover intention) and using AMOS modification indices . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Effect of Quality of life therapy on Cross-Cultural Adjustment of International students
Mohammadreza Changiz Mohammad Hakami Ahmad BorjaliAbstract The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of quality of life therapy on the cross-cultural adjustment of international male students of international University of Al-Mustafa of Qom. This semi-experimental research is a pretest-post test ki MoreAbstract The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of quality of life therapy on the cross-cultural adjustment of international male students of international University of Al-Mustafa of Qom. This semi-experimental research is a pretest-post test kind with control group and follow-up. The studied population included all international male students studying at Al-Mahdi School of International University of Al-Mustafa of Qom in the summer of 2013 (N =543). The study sample consisted of 38 students who were selected among those of lower adjustment and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group, received 11 sessions interventions in groups. The measuring instrument was Cerny Smith questionnaire of cross-cultural adjustment. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis method of covariance and MANCOVA. Results showed a significant difference between the scores of experimental and control groups at post-test )p<0/05). The results also showed that nationality, age, marital status, length of accommodation and traveling to thehome–land during the stay had no effect on the results of the training. The results also showed whether this therapy had not stabilization in 2-month follow-upphase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Stylistic analysis of footnote or popular novels based on a look at the historical footnote novel "Hamoyeh" and the examination of the male character by Hossein Qoli Mustaan
akram asgari fatemeh pakroo Hamidreza ardestanirostamiThe writer's or poet's method is called a style that shows their specific concepts and topics. In literary works, the study of intellectual, literary and linguistic features makes the reader understand the author's point of view. Pavaraki novel is a new phenomenon and a MoreThe writer's or poet's method is called a style that shows their specific concepts and topics. In literary works, the study of intellectual, literary and linguistic features makes the reader understand the author's point of view. Pavaraki novel is a new phenomenon and a branch of It is literature.Language of the work: A footnote with simple language and general structure shows the weaknesses and cultural defects of the society.It reflects political, social and historical realities like a mirror. With the political and social upheavals of the end of the Qajar period, writers with a sharp pen showed the flaws of the society. The historical footnote novel "Hamoyeh" was written with the theme of love and simple prose and narrative language encouraging patriotism.Study method:This essay has analyzed the narrative of the intellectual content of the historical novel with a descriptive-analytical method.The noteworthy point is the analysis of the male historical characters of the work.Popular novels can be separated from elitist literature due to certain clichés and frameworks throughout the work, events, characters, story line, and fixed themes such as love triangles and squares, boy and girl falling in love. All these features are mainly around a simple axis and to make the story interesting.Conclusion: The language of these novels, according to the type of audience, is simple, far from complexity. In these novels, love and hoKeywords: popular footnote novel, love, homeland, historymeland are two main symbols.In fact, earthly love and love of the country are parallel to each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - A comparative study of the meaning of life from the perspective of Rumi and Yalom
Masomeh Ghasemloo Morteza Razzagh Pour Mohammad Ismail EbrahimiKnowing the meaning of life is one of the most important challenges of thinkers. Getting rid of emptiness and giving meaning and motivation to life has been one of the most obvious topics in psychology. Scientists of different eras have spared no effort to find a suitab MoreKnowing the meaning of life is one of the most important challenges of thinkers. Getting rid of emptiness and giving meaning and motivation to life has been one of the most obvious topics in psychology. Scientists of different eras have spared no effort to find a suitable answer to the meaning of life. In this research, we have tried to study the meaning of life from the perspective of the great mystic Rumi and the Western thinker and psychologist, Yalom, and to express the commonalities and differences of their views. The present study has been done by descriptive-analytical method and inductive method based on the propositions of existential psychology and in particular the views of Yalom and Rumi's poems. Rumi believes that if a person knows his spiritual dimension better, it will give meaning and meaning to his life; God plays a pivotal role in his life. But existentialist psychologists Yalom believe that the world is random and has no meaning. There is no policy other than what one creates. Yalom and Maulana agree on some components, such as the freedom of death that makes life meaningful, despite the obvious differences in views. The results show that the meaning of life in Rumi's Masnavi according to Yalom depends on observing principles such as moral responsibility which have been invented by man himself. Rumi believes that returning to the original along with other components is a factor in getting rid of emptiness, but Yalom does not believe in these aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Native elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri
Nayereh shateri Mahboubeh Khorasani morteza rashidiNative elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri abstract: Writers from the city of Isfahan have common features in their works. These common features are not limited to the climatic context, but include a set of identity MoreNative elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri abstract: Writers from the city of Isfahan have common features in their works. These common features are not limited to the climatic context, but include a set of identity elements that represent commonalities in terms of language, thought, geography, economics, ethics, customs, and beliefs. This article has explored the structure of fictional works by two prominent representatives of the Isfahan school of thought, Bahram Sadeqi and Houshang Golshiri, and derived their unifying and linguistic common features. The result is that these structures are in some cases such as humorous and spurred imagery, different technique and form in the word, specific characterizations, horrific and indeterminate spaces, initiations and sudden events, spin on the angle of view and reversal in narration, conversations and low descriptions, attention The mythology and ancient history and texts, rare subjects and modern names, and simple prose and poetry, are analyzed. Keywords: Native Elements, Isfahan School, Bahram Sadeghi, Houshang Golshiri, Fiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Archetypes and its Role in Achieving Perfection in Khaled Naghshbandi's lyrics.
nasrin chirehThis paper is research inorder to reviews the way of attain to individuality prosess in Mawlana Khalid Naqshbandi lyrics. This work is carried out as descriptive - analytical study.first the poet's is introduced briefly and then the theoretical principles of individuali MoreThis paper is research inorder to reviews the way of attain to individuality prosess in Mawlana Khalid Naqshbandi lyrics. This work is carried out as descriptive - analytical study.first the poet's is introduced briefly and then the theoretical principles of individuality, and means of achieving it are discussed. As a result, more Khalid sonnets theme is meeting with the anima to achieve individuality During in the course. first meeting with the anima that is in the level of love.and then facing with shadow happend. Meet the old wisdom which that refered to it in Jung's psychology in meeting with various aspects of the anima is manifested. In explainin of i Khalid individuality process the mandala symbolic image is remarkable. it culd be side the positive aspect of the anima in the form of misbehavior lover and beloved is in the positive side.wich is a symbol of free anima of lover. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Asylum as a protest; an analysis of the novel No Friend but the Mountains from the Perspective of Critical Aesthetic Theory
hamid moradi osman hedayatAbstractLiterature has always been part of the ideological struggle and the struggle against power structures. With the advent of the Frankfurt School, the issue of criticism and the negative view of the present of human society took on a more serious and coherent dimen MoreAbstractLiterature has always been part of the ideological struggle and the struggle against power structures. With the advent of the Frankfurt School, the issue of criticism and the negative view of the present of human society took on a more serious and coherent dimension. The achievement of the Frankfurt School is the "theory of critical aesthetics", which considers the original art to be independent and to reject and change the existing situation. The novel "No Friendship except Mountain" is based on a kind of critical realism that challenges power structures. The purpose of this study is to read the situation of immigration and asylum using Behrouz Buchani's novel "No Friend except the Mountain". Immigration and Asylum is a pretext for criticizing the current situation in liberal-democratic countries, which tries to narrate the situation of "Manus" prison by using the method of expression and protest tone and the use of symbols and metaphors. This challenges the emergence of new forms of capitalism and colonialism that manifest themselves in the refugee subject and refugee status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Commons of Ebn Arabi and Josef Murphy in the issue of miracle
mohammad Ali vosooghianLike the other Islamic mystics, Ebn Arabi considers dignity specialized for saints and miracle specialized for prophets. Like some other mystics, Ebn Arabi considers intuitive science as the real dignity. Josef Murphy thinks that there is no difference between dignity a MoreLike the other Islamic mystics, Ebn Arabi considers dignity specialized for saints and miracle specialized for prophets. Like some other mystics, Ebn Arabi considers intuitive science as the real dignity. Josef Murphy thinks that there is no difference between dignity and miracle and he believes that all human beings have such powers and they are able to realize all miracles. Murphy makes lots of examples in which a wayfarer was able to do the miracles of Jesus Christ.Murphy is a psychologist whose knowledge is practical, which means that he thinks all human beings can use miracle so that they can have a proper life in this world and then in the life in hereafter. Murphy and Ebn Arabi have the same idea about miracle at least in 9 cases and in this section they are going to be discussed. The method used in this paper is library and comparative.That in spite of differences in terms, we have sought to find common ground. Keywords: Ibn Arabi, Murphy, Miracle, Dignity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Studying the life of Shah Dai Shirazi and introducing her six Masnavisabstract
shahnaz solimani امیدوار مالملی seyedali sohrabnejadAbstractNizam al-Din Mahmud, nicknamed Da'i Ali Allah, nicknamed Da'i (810-870 AH) was one of the poets and mystics of the 9th century of Hijri, whose lineage reached Husayn bin Ali bin Abi Talib through nineteen intermediaries. He was both a scholar and mystic. The wor MoreAbstractNizam al-Din Mahmud, nicknamed Da'i Ali Allah, nicknamed Da'i (810-870 AH) was one of the poets and mystics of the 9th century of Hijri, whose lineage reached Husayn bin Ali bin Abi Talib through nineteen intermediaries. He was both a scholar and mystic. The works that remain in memory of him show two aspects of him. In examining his works, the influence of Maulana Jalaluddin Muhammad Balkhi and Ibn Arabi is clearly evident. In addition, he wrote a book titled Nasayem Golshan, which is a detailed description of Golshan, the secret of Sheikh Mahmoud Shabastri. In addition to relatively many works that have come down to us from him, Divan has a collection of poetry that amounts to thirteen thousand verses. This diwan was printed and published by Seyyed Mohammad Dabir Siyaghi in 1339 and 1349 A.H. in two volumes. The first volume of this work is a collection of six poems in the form of Masnavi, which includes his most important thoughts. In this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical way and we have used library sources, we intend to introduce Shah Dai Shirazi's life along with his life. The results obtained from this article show that Shah Da'i is one of the poets and mystics who were influenced by Ibn Arabi, and his poetry, which is sometimes written in symbolic language, has significant innovations that preceded him. It was not common in Masnavi Sarai.Keywords: Shah Daei Shirazi, Sete Daei, Shah Nematullah Wali Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Application of the "minority literature" approach in the novel "Al-Thalaj Yati Min Al-Nafza" by Hana Mina and the novel "Jai Khali Salouch" by Mahmoud Dolatabadi
maryam ghorbanali Ashraf chegini mohammadali shefaeeJill Deleuze is one of the greatest contemporary philosophers, including thinkers in the field of minority literature studies has had significant. "Minority" is the breaking of the shackles that bind us to certain ways of thinking in order to eliminate and achieve conve MoreJill Deleuze is one of the greatest contemporary philosophers, including thinkers in the field of minority literature studies has had significant. "Minority" is the breaking of the shackles that bind us to certain ways of thinking in order to eliminate and achieve conventional realms through demilitarization. Becoming or becoming means the transitions through which a concept is transformed.The minority becomes a resistance to the ideology of the majority and represents an escape from the norms of the majority. All forms are to go to the literature of the minority and to become a minority. Becoming plays a central role in Deleuze's view. He uses the rhizome to explain his philosophy of becoming. In this research, in a descriptive-analytical method, while providing a definition of minority literature, an attempt is made to analyze and recognize this theory in the novel Verman Jai Khali Salouch. Thrill comes from its influence.By reading two novels, according to the approach of minority literature, we found that the features of this thinking are among the most important It is characterized by deterritorialization to achieve becoming, and the application of this approach is possible in both novels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - literary Creativity in poetry Shamloos
roya parvin mansoure tadayoni Masoud Pakdel sima mansooriAbstract Ahmad Shamloo, a contemporary Iranian poet, by understanding the existing capacities in Persian language and mastering classical literature, especially prose texts, and his unique creativity, by using various linguistic techniques and achieving the natural aspe MoreAbstract Ahmad Shamloo, a contemporary Iranian poet, by understanding the existing capacities in Persian language and mastering classical literature, especially prose texts, and his unique creativity, by using various linguistic techniques and achieving the natural aspects of speech and music by changing In the structure and content of poetry, Nimai was able to establish another type of poetry, which we call Sepid poetry, so the purpose of this study is to show literary creativity, using linguistic tricks and techniques and new conceptualizations. Relying on a collection of poems is included. The desired data has been collected using first and second hand sources in the library environment. Then, based on the objectives and dimensions of the present study, the data have been studied in a descriptive-analytical manner. The naturalness of the word and the political and social outlook combined with the weight of the words that have highlighted and distinguished his poetry. And tell how the poet has changed the structure and content of contemporary Iranian poetry and established a new style of poetryKeywords: Ahmad Shamloo, Literary Creativity,, Sepid Poetry, Phonotactics, Linguistic tricks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Ghazali's social semiotics by Khajoo Kermani based on Chandler's theory
Farzane vadieh Farhad Tahmasbi Sareh ZirakGhazali's social semiotics by Khajoo Kermani based on Chandler's theorySocial semiotics, as a way of reading literary texts, enters into the function of sign processing processes and how they are created. In this way, both the author and the reader, based on their menta MoreGhazali's social semiotics by Khajoo Kermani based on Chandler's theorySocial semiotics, as a way of reading literary texts, enters into the function of sign processing processes and how they are created. In this way, both the author and the reader, based on their mental reservations and life experiences, are involved in the processes of meaning creation. In this study, a sonnet of Khajoo Kermani with a social semiotics approach and a descriptive-analytic approach has been investigated. The theoretical approach used is based on Daniel Chandler's theories, which analyze the interplay of social and textual and interpretive codes present in the sonnet. The context of the function of social codes in this sonnet is the aesthetic codes of the number of textual codes, in which Khajoo, by summoning different discourses, also interprets the interpretive codes in the semantic processes. What is important as the outcome and outcome of such research is the acquisition of a strategic approach to reading texts in which one can focus on the processes of sign processing and how meaning is created. Missing and silent texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - A Study of Interactive Contracts in Nasfi Interpretation in Comparison with the Translation of the Discovery of Mysteries Based on Norman Fairclough Theory
tayebeh ebrahomy shahr abad saber emami farhad tahmasbi"Tafsir Nasafi" by "Najm al-Din Nasafi" is one of the most important works of the 5th and 6th centuries of Hijri, in which the author has presented a translation of the Qur'an. Among the other important commentaries of this period are the Tafsir "Kashf-al-Asrar and odat More"Tafsir Nasafi" by "Najm al-Din Nasafi" is one of the most important works of the 5th and 6th centuries of Hijri, in which the author has presented a translation of the Qur'an. Among the other important commentaries of this period are the Tafsir "Kashf-al-Asrar and odat-al-Abrar" by "Abul Fazl Meybodi " in which the author has interpreted the Qur'an with a mystical perspective. The discourse analysis of these two books can very well show the authors' beliefs and ideologies. One of the important theories in the field of discourse analysis is the theory of "Norman Fairclough" in which The relationship between the internal and external criteria of the text is examined. Fairclough examines the text in three axes of description, interpretation and explanation. One of the topics that is discussed in the text description section is which of the interactive conventions the author uses. and how is the turn-taking system for speaking in the text managed? Examining this issue depends on the power relations between the two sides of the conversation. , sometimes the commentators add additional explanations in their translation. They give the possibility to the researcher to determine their intellectual structure in this field. According to his historical and interpretive information, Nasafi has acted in a strong way in this field. this article, the authors intend to analyze the discourse in the translation of these two books in the context of interactive data using a descriptive-analytical and library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Investigation and analysis of the rituals of Sama, solitude and Kharqah in Mesbah al-Hedayeh and Meftah al-Kefayah by Izz al-Din Kashani with an approach to the principle of utilitarianism
Seyad mMomammad saedi Masoud Kheradmandpour ab maghamianzade amirmohammad ArdeshirzadehIslamic Sufism has a variety of rituals that are intended to bring a person to true happiness.Therefore, ina general view, all these rituals have major spiritual and cognitivebenefits.In Mesbah Al-Hedayeh's book, Izz al-Din Kashani discusses a number of mystical rituals MoreIslamic Sufism has a variety of rituals that are intended to bring a person to true happiness.Therefore, ina general view, all these rituals have major spiritual and cognitivebenefits.In Mesbah Al-Hedayeh's book, Izz al-Din Kashani discusses a number of mystical rituals and their beneficial aspects, among which listening, solitude, and cloaking seem to be moreprominent.Accordingly, in thepresent study, citing library sources and descriptive-analytical method, the mentioned Sufi practices are examinedand explored from the perspective of theprinciple of utilitarianism.The reason for choosing the theory of utilitarianism is its capacity to achieve an innovative analysis of Kashani's viewsThe results of the research showthat Kashani, like utilitarians, emphasizes the result of performing an action and does not simply consider the action itself good or bad. Also, the benefits of hearing are: providing part of the spiritual needs of the seekerElimination of the mental and physical condition of the seeker; Polishing of human existence; Creating love in the heart of the seeker; Revealer of divine secrets; Communicating the seeker with the world of divinity; Strengthen the stability and spiritual focus of the seeker.The main benefits of solitude are:enjoying and knowing the divine and spiritual sciences; Preserving the religion of the seeker; Keep the seeker away from internaland external dangers; Restraining the ego and directing it; Seekercommunication with God; Disregard for the world and mafias;Fellowship with God and the Prophet.The benefits of the cloak also include:making desirable changes in the seeker's habits; Achieving a profound internal transformation through the lens of external and external changes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - The methods of postmodernism in the Iranian novel Sepideh-Dam based on Brian McHale's theory
Sahar Alikahi Latifeh Salamat Bavil Alireza SalehiPostmodernist theories are divided into two main groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Brillois, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of postmodernist components (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal disorder, etc.). In the second group, th MorePostmodernist theories are divided into two main groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Brillois, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of postmodernist components (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal disorder, etc.). In the second group, the most significant theory has been proposed by Brian McHale, who uses the concept of "dominant element" in Russian-formalism to explain postmodernism and considers the characteristic of postmodernism to be existentialism (as opposed to epistemology, which is the dominant element of modernism).In order to achieve this goal, first of all, the methods and components of the Iranian novel "Sapidh-Dam" are extracted and the elements of the story, concept, form, or form are examined. Then, based on Brian McHale's prevailing theory, which considers the characteristic of postmodern stories to be ontological discussions, it is determined to what extent these methods and components play a role in highlighting the ontological elements of the work. The result shows that in this novel, the author has made good use of the technique of polyphony, uncertainty, short connection, incoherence of the mind and confusion of the characters... in the best way. He placed his novel next to postmodern works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - A study of the motifs in Shiva Arastuei's novel "khof"
Aram Ahmadi Reza Forsati jooybari Hossein Parsaei In fiction, the motif can be a stylistic element and reveal the dominant theme or themes to the reader. Women writers make the most of this linguistic option and, in addition to creating constant sensitivity in the reader, direct the text to a specific arti More In fiction, the motif can be a stylistic element and reveal the dominant theme or themes to the reader. Women writers make the most of this linguistic option and, in addition to creating constant sensitivity in the reader, direct the text to a specific artistic language. Shiva Arastuei's novel "khof" (=Fear) is one of these examples that deals with the "loneliness" and "fear" of man in modern age and expresses a feminine narrative of this loneliness and fear. In this article, we intend to examine the most important motifs in the novel "khof" and show what concepts the author has expressed in this way. These motifs are also characteristic of a feminine style in that they express the sensibilities of a female writer. The method of this research is "descriptive-analytical"; That is, first, data from the novel "khof" is described, and then, based on them, an analysis is performed and leads to a summary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Developing a qualitative model of human capital excellence in Iran's Education and Training
kazhal shahriari Yahya Dadash Karimi Kave teimoornejad Dariush gholamzadHuman capital is considered the main asset and capital for the educational institution, the actions of the managers are in the construction of a transformational view and it is considered as the most fundamental indicator and component in the macro analysis of education MoreHuman capital is considered the main asset and capital for the educational institution, the actions of the managers are in the construction of a transformational view and it is considered as the most fundamental indicator and component in the macro analysis of education. The purpose of this research is to develop a qualitative model of human capital excellence in Iranian Education and Training. The present research is exploratory and fundamental in nature and purposeful in terms of sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, which reached theoretical saturation by conducting 1110 interviews. The data were analyzed using Glazier coding method and software (MAXQDA11). The findings showed that the human capital excellence model in Iran's education based on has 5 main categories and 31 sub-components, which in total constitute the effective components of the human capital excellence components of education and training. The qualitative model resulting from this research, taking into account causal factors such as the results, shows that is content goals (knowledge-cognitive), individual goals (psychological), metacognitive goals, and social goals and organizational structural goals. In the qualitative model of the excellence of human capital of Iran's education and training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Study of the interactive effect of High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and beetroot juicesupplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic index in Adult female wistar Rat with type 2 diabetes
mona abdolhamide tehraniEpidemiological studies predict that the number will exceed 700 million people worldwide by 2045. In order to prevent diabetes, it is very important to provide sports programs along with drug therapy. Intermittent training increases insulin sensitivity. On the other han MoreEpidemiological studies predict that the number will exceed 700 million people worldwide by 2045. In order to prevent diabetes, it is very important to provide sports programs along with drug therapy. Intermittent training increases insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, plants have always been one of the sources of medicines, which are traditionally used as chemical products. Root vegetable beet has antioxidant and anti-oxidant properties due to the identification of protective substances. Materials and methods: 40 mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg streptotocin after one week of adaptation and after 16 hours of fasting. After 4 days, the rats with blood glucose levels above 300 mg/dl were divided into (1) garlic, (2) training, (3) beetroot supplement, (4) training and supplementation, and (5) control groups. Groups 2 and 4 (4 weeks/4 sessions) practiced. And groups 3 and 4 consumed 10 kg/ml of beetroot daily. Training protocol: 44 minutes of running (6 minutes of warm-up at a speed of 10-12 minutes/m, 5 periods of 4-minute training with high intensity (70-95%) and 4 periods of 3-minute training with low intensity (50-60%) and 6 minutes of cooling). Results: Two-way analysis of variance test showed that four weeks of intense intermittent exercise with beetroot supplement reduced blood sugar (p<0.002) and improved insulin (p<0.033) and decreased insulin resistance (p<0.006).Keywords: interval training, beetroot, insulin resistance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Investigating the quality status of orbitability in urban areas (Case study of Shamsabad neighborhood of Malayer city)
masomeh taheri saeid YazdaniAbstractOne of the most important indicators in the urban standard is attention to the physical and social characteristics, which is one of the most important factors in explaining these indicators to the principles of pedestrian standard in urban sidewalks. Therefore, MoreAbstractOne of the most important indicators in the urban standard is attention to the physical and social characteristics, which is one of the most important factors in explaining these indicators to the principles of pedestrian standard in urban sidewalks. Therefore, in this study, the status of pedestrian capability criteria in Shamsabad neighborhood of Malayer city has been investigated. The method of data collection was a questionnaire and data analysis was performed according to the two-variable correlation method and two Pearson criteria and Friedman test. Findings indicate that Shamsabad Malayer neighborhood has created many problems in terms of landscape, environmental quality and low physical standards. For this reason, it can be said that the most important issue to improve the current situation and bring the conditions of Shamsabad neighborhood of Malayer closer to a standard pedestrian axis, is to create active 24-hour uses along with creating space inside this route. Also, attention should be paid to the universality of the route, ie the provision of access facilities for the disabled, children, women and etc.Keywords: Pedestrian, urban standards, social index, Malayer cit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Epistemic quality assessment in Rozbhan 's revelations and comparison them with religious experiential by wilam James opinion
farhad farzi Abdulreza Mazaheri Enshaalah RahmatiAbstract: Islamic mysticism, revelation is important issue and more interest for it when the mystical Man by effecting of soul refinement and austerity that induction from old leadership so he will reach to moods and position that in fact occurred revelation and intuiti MoreAbstract: Islamic mysticism, revelation is important issue and more interest for it when the mystical Man by effecting of soul refinement and austerity that induction from old leadership so he will reach to moods and position that in fact occurred revelation and intuition in mysticism revelation means inform of unseen meaning and real issues that is hidden behind hijab. Existing of conscience that find out by revelatioar in reality is meant the place of right or by intuition or see the same right .The most important issues in philosophy knowing seen experiential , religious experiential in side confrontation and intuition with holy command, Wilam James believe that feelings are the most stable and basic elements, His opinion is about religious experiential means subject know it by religious moodReligious experiential attributes based on wilam James opinion include: Indescribably,, epistemic quality,, passing quickly,, passivityThis research investigate to one of important attributes means epistemic quality in revelation of the updateting world and comparisons it with religious experiential by wilam James opinion.Research Method: The method of this study is descriptive _analytical and information gathering with library method, That using book, article, software, so after that the tools of information gathering is taking notes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Analysis of the components of physical governmentality in Mirza Malekom Khan's political thought
bigom naseri Somayeh Hamidi Hossain farzanepourThe structure of pre-constitutional political power reflects metaphysical governmentality. With the arrival of modernity in Iran, some components of physical governmentality under the name of constitutional government were considered in the minds of intellectuals. The i MoreThe structure of pre-constitutional political power reflects metaphysical governmentality. With the arrival of modernity in Iran, some components of physical governmentality under the name of constitutional government were considered in the minds of intellectuals. The intellectuals of this period knew the reasons for the backwardness of the country and the progress of the West in the differences between the foundations of the governmentality. Among these intellectuals is Mirza Malekom Khan. He sought to lay the groundwork for government reform in Iran. Thus, he tried to correct the shortcomings and make the political system more efficient by criticizing power, and this led to the comparison of the pre-modern, pre-modern society and authoritarian government with the democratic and legitimate West. This descriptive-analytical method and using the main text of Malkom Khan's works seeks to analyze the principles of modern governmentality in his mind and explain the transition to mechanical rule based on law and order in the mind of this intellectual. The result of the present article is that Malkom Khan was a pioneer and propagandist of modernism and considered the solution to get out of Iran's backwardness in adhering to the monarchy, following the idea of freedom and the rule of law and accepting the modern system of government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - The Role of Basic and Protective Knowledge- Based Structures in Innovation Process in Knowledge- Based Comp
Karamollah DaneshfardPriority of the Supportive and Essential Knowledge-Based Structures in the Process of Innovation in Knowledge-Based Companies Karamollah DaneshFard Abstract: Background: The knowledge-based companieshave been the focus of more attention due to the roles and importance MorePriority of the Supportive and Essential Knowledge-Based Structures in the Process of Innovation in Knowledge-Based Companies Karamollah DaneshFard Abstract: Background: The knowledge-based companieshave been the focus of more attention due to the roles and importance they have acquired in economic progress and nationaldevelopment.To meet the missions assigned to them, they need deep and continuous innovation.Scientific innovation is no coincidence,but a planned processfor the growth and development of whichcontributing factors must be identified and managed. The purpose of this paperis to prioritize the supportive and essential knowledge- based structures in the five process stages of innovation in knowledge-basedcompanies. Methods: The model of Blackler et al’s knowledge-based structures in the structural categories as well as Kaufman &Fifer’s five-factor model of innovation in knowledge-based companies were selected.The statistical population includes Tehran's knowledge-based companies and the chosen sample from four groups on the basis of the current sample. The data collection meansaretwo researcher-made questionnaires the validity of which was measured based on the visual validity and the reliability of which was measured through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research findings from analyzing the role and relation of knowledge-based structuressuggest the further importance of essential structures over supportive ones, and the compositional or hypertext structure was the most important one in various stagesof innovation. Conclusion: The results indicated that the idea implementation management is selected as the most important step in the innovation process.Other steps in order of importance include human resource management, strategic management,idea implementation management, and creativity management. Keywords: EssentialKnowledge-BasedStructure, Supportive Knowledge-Based Structure, Knowledge Generation, ProductDevelopment, Knowledge-Based Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Identify the core competencies of creativity and managers of private newspapers
Mohammad Dadgran Mojtaba Etemadmoghaddam Purpose: This study aimed to measure creativity and core competencies private newspaper executives are written. Method: The research method is descriptive survey to collect information, a questionnaire is used, the popul More Purpose: This study aimed to measure creativity and core competencies private newspaper executives are written. Method: The research method is descriptive survey to collect information, a questionnaire is used, the population of 25 private newspapers that are distributed across quartiles and the publication of the Tehran horizon theme is all political, social, cultural, economic, sports and cover. Findings: The findings indicate that: communication skills, audience research, timely payment of salaries and share ownership among journalists are the most important competencies of managers. The most important indicator of knowledge, audience research, the most important indicator of ability to pay on time, the most important indicator of skills, communication skills and the attitude indicator. The share ownership among journalists, while a creativity Bartbh average 74/8 rank is 10. Conclusion: Some important and merits a higher rating. The results of Friedman's analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among the core competencies of managers, which means that they are not the same rank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Analysis of the characteristics of entrepreneurship among students in secondary education (Case study Kurdistan)
Hosein Abdollahi Javad Agha Mohammadi Abbas Abbaspour Ali Delavar1144/5000 Background: Studies indicate that individual characteristics and personality determinants of entrepreneurship is one of the most important are the characteristics such as risk taking, independence, creativity and innovation, tolerance of ambiguity, mental heal More1144/5000 Background: Studies indicate that individual characteristics and personality determinants of entrepreneurship is one of the most important are the characteristics such as risk taking, independence, creativity and innovation, tolerance of ambiguity, mental health, pragmatism and so on. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of entrepreneurship students in secondary education has been implemented in Kurdistan. Methods: To study and exam study questions descriptive method was used and data were collected through questionnaires. The population studied in this research students in secondary education in Kurdistan and the sample according to the sample of 364 people has been estimated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Designing Educational model of questioning for Social Studies and investigating the efficiency of the model an understanding concepts and critical thinking
Saeid Mahmoodi bardezardi Eskandar Fathiazar Firooz Mahmoodi Rahim BadriGoal: The present study aims to design Educational model of questioning for Social Studies and to validate its efficiency in conceptual understanding and critical thinking of students grade six of primary school in educational year 95-96. Method: This research is a comb MoreGoal: The present study aims to design Educational model of questioning for Social Studies and to validate its efficiency in conceptual understanding and critical thinking of students grade six of primary school in educational year 95-96. Method: This research is a combinational one and consists of two parts: the first part is allocated to designing an appropriate model of questioning for Social Studies and the second part is related to validating the efficiency of this model in conceptual understanding and critical thinking. In qualitative section synthesis research is used to design models and in quantitative section which aims to test the efficiency of the designed model on scientific concept understanding and critical thinking of student in grade six of primary school, using and experiment we randomly chose 50 male students and divided them experimental group and control group. In order to compare critical thinking and scientific concept understanding of these two groups, Kernels test of critical thinking was used both in pre – test and post - test. The collected data were analyzed using co – variance analytical test. Results:The results in qualitative section led to designing a model with seven dimensions (fundamentals, principals, techniques, procedures, stages, questions, objective, and evaluation). The results in quantitative section indicated that the designed model improved critical thinking and understanding concepts in experiment group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Developing Creativity among 6-Year-Old Children Using a Doodle-Book Training Program
Mahvash Raghibi Zahra KhanmohammadzadeAbstract Background: The world around us is rapidly changing. To keep pace with these changes and, subsequently, solve the issues caused by these transformations, we need creative and innovative people. Objective: This study mainly aimed at determining the effectivenes MoreAbstract Background: The world around us is rapidly changing. To keep pace with these changes and, subsequently, solve the issues caused by these transformations, we need creative and innovative people. Objective: This study mainly aimed at determining the effectiveness of a doodle-book training program in increasing creativity and its components among 6-year-old children. Methods: This quasi-experimental study followed by a pretest-post-test design with a control group. The present study had a statistical population including all preschool students in Zahedan selected using a convenience sampling method. In this regard, two classes were chosen as experimental groups (girls: 24, boys: 22) and two classes were selected as control groups (girls: 22, boys: 22). The experimental groups took part in 10 sessions of the doodle-book training program and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Form B) was carried out on these groups before and after holding the sessions. Results: Results of a multiple-way analysis of co-variance indicated that the doodle-book training program increased creativity and its components among the children. Moreover, results of a multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference between the girls’ and boys’ groups with regard to the components of creativity. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the doodle-book training program can be effective in increasing creativity among preschool children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Creative Pattern of Transparency with an Emphasis on Good Governance for Policy Maker Organizations in Iran
Roya Sepehrnia Mahmood Alborzi Ali Kermanshah Adel Azar Rozita SepehrniaBackground: Globalization and new information technologies provide benefits for organizations, however, it can be useful through transparent governance. Purpose: The main aim was to design a creative pattern of transparency with an emphasis on good governance in policy MoreBackground: Globalization and new information technologies provide benefits for organizations, however, it can be useful through transparent governance. Purpose: The main aim was to design a creative pattern of transparency with an emphasis on good governance in policymaker organizations. Methods: It was a mixed methodology in data type and fundamental research in terms of purpose. Qualitative data collection through Delphi interview questions was done, with targeted sampling and the statistical population of all senior managers, specialists, and policymakers (33 people). In the quantitative part, it was performed with all middle managers, executives, and organizational experts (432 people) through random stratified and cluster sampling by researcher-made survey questionnaires. The content validity and Cronbach alpha reliability were employed. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics including factor analysis, and structural equations. Findings: The results indicated that transparency was the most important dimension including, 2 components of objective and subjective value, 3 subcomponents, and 13 indicators. In organizations, people pay more attention to transparency as an objective value Conclusions: The findings presented a new pattern that results in good governance based on transparency. The managers'­attitude is less sensitive to the subjective value of transparency. In policymaker organizations, people should pay more attention to the subjective value of transparency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Variable effecting ethical performance of managers and heads of accounting for innovation in Tehran Stock Exchange
saeed safania ُSina Kheradyar keyhan azadi ali delavarAbstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of variables affecting the ethical performance of financial managers and heads of accounting for innovation in the Tehran Stock Exchange.Method: The research population consisted of two parts: qualita MoreAbstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of variables affecting the ethical performance of financial managers and heads of accounting for innovation in the Tehran Stock Exchange.Method: The research population consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative; In the qualitative section, a number of professors and financial managers and heads of accounting with more than 20 years of experience and in the quantitative section, 500 managers and heads of accounting were randomly selected from companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research instruments included a researcher-made questionnaire of managers' performance and James Rast (1979) Ethical Judgment Questionnaire.Results: The results of correlation test showed that there is no significant relationship between managers' age and their work experience with moral performance and it is for both variables (p> 0.05). In order to predict the performance, the results of the drawn model indicated the adequacy of the model and also the standard coefficient of prediction equal to 0.34 and the value of t-statistic equal to 4.57 indicate that this coefficient of prediction was significant and the principles were observed Ethics will have a significant impact on the ethical performance of managers.Conclusion: Observance of ethical principles alone predicts about 11% of change in managers' performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - The Causal Model of work innovation Based on the level of awareness of the dimensions of electronic citizen with the role of creative self-efficacy and computers in secondary school teachers
Ali Abdi Niloofar RostamiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to formulate a causal innovation model based on the knowledge of the dimensions of electronic citizen with the role of computer and creative self-efficacy in junior middle school teachers in Kermanshah city.Method: This study is a MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to formulate a causal innovation model based on the knowledge of the dimensions of electronic citizen with the role of computer and creative self-efficacy in junior middle school teachers in Kermanshah city.Method: This study is a descriptive-correlational one with regard to its purpose and its implementation. The statistical population of this study is the approximate number of junior high school teachers in Kermanshah in the academic year 2021-2022, which by stratified random sampling (by gender), 275 people per Selected based on Morgan table.The instruments study used were the digital citizenship questionnaire of Al-Dosari et al (2020), Kanter innovative behavior (1988), Beghtto creative self-efficacy (2006) and Murphy et al (1989) computer self-efficacy. Results: the results of data analysis using Pearson correlation and structural equation tests showed that dimensions of digital citizenship have a direct effect on work innovation, computer and creative self-efficacy. Also, computer and creative self-efficacy have a direct effect on business innovation. The indirect effect of the digital citizenship dimension with the mediating role of computer and creative self-efficacy on business innovation is significant. Overall, the conceptual model of digital citizenship dimensions fits business innovation with the mediating role of computer and creative self-efficacy with the experimental model. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it is suggested that education officials provide the necessary facilities and conditions in relation to raising the level of teachers' awareness of the dimensions of e-citizenship and their creative and computer self-efficacy, their areas of work innovation in the ICT. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Explaining the functions of P4C stories for children's creativity
Ali Hassanzadeh Yahya Ghaedi Saeed Beheshti Ahmad SalahshoorAbstractPurpose: This article examines the characteristics of philosophy stories for children, in order to determine the possibility of using the features of these stories in children's creativity. In the first part of the article, the characteristics of Fabak stories a MoreAbstractPurpose: This article examines the characteristics of philosophy stories for children, in order to determine the possibility of using the features of these stories in children's creativity. In the first part of the article, the characteristics of Fabak stories are explained. In the second part, the functions of philosophy stories for children are shown on children's creativity.Method: This research was qualitative content analysis in terms of qualitative approach and method of analysis. Data were collected from scientific documents and texts, including books and articles, using the keywords of creativity, fiction, philosophy curriculum for children, the functions of fictional stories, fictional elements in children's creativity. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 articles and 21 book covers were included in the study.The findings showed that the features of the stories of the Fabak program, despite the basis of questioning and philosophical concepts, the topics of reasoning and thinking, as well as the philosophical topics related to the ways of children's lives in the dimension of daily life and in the dimension of community intersubjectivity, the reconstruction of the research community and some processes such as literary components And educational and activity-oriented patterns such as the pattern of writing, discussing and practicing in the story have an effect on the development of children's creativity.Conclusion: The improvement of children's creativity and questioning spirit is based on the use of elements and functions of the features of Fabak stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - The Relationship between Achievement Goals and Educational Excitement and Educational Achievement in Eleventh Elementary School Students in Tehran
Tahereh Sadat Badri Yasamin AbediniPurpose: The purpose of present study was to examine the relationship between the achievement goals with educational emotions and academic achievement base girl students in Tehran. Methodology: The statistical population of this study was all 11th base girl studen MorePurpose: The purpose of present study was to examine the relationship between the achievement goals with educational emotions and academic achievement base girl students in Tehran. Methodology: The statistical population of this study was all 11th base girl students of high school in Tehran, which 300 students were selected by using random-cluster sampling method. The achievement goals questionnaire by Middleton & Midgley (1997), and the educational emotions Questionnaire by Pekrun (2017) were used to collect data, and the mean of students were used to measure academic achievement. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Findings: The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between achievement goals with educational emotions and academic achievement of students (p <0.01). The results of regression analysis also showed that the achievement goals were able to predict the educational emotions and academic achievement of these students (R= 0.156) and its contribution to explaining the variance of educational emotions and academic achievement was 2.4% (R2=0.024). Also, the results of the sub-hypothesis analysis of the research showed that there was a significant difference between the achievement goals between the students of the three discipline of mathematical, experimental and humanities. Educational emotions had also significant difference among the students of the three discipline of mathematical, experimental and humanities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - corona anxiety, death anxiety and health anxiety before and after corona vaccine injection in elderly men.
maedeh bazargani Afsaneh Sobhi maryam rahmati mahdi balibegloo zahra motaharyAbstract Purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the difference between corona anxiety, death anxiety and health anxiety before and after corona vaccine injection in elderly men living in Zanjan Elderly Center. Metthodology: The method o MoreAbstract Purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the difference between corona anxiety, death anxiety and health anxiety before and after corona vaccine injection in elderly men living in Zanjan Elderly Center. Metthodology: The method of the present research is an experimental one and it is pre-test-post-test, single group without control group with three time measurements. The statistical population includes all the elderly men of the Zanjan Center for the Elderly, and 30 of these people who had mild cognitive impairment in the mental status examination were selected purposefully and they responded to three questionnaires, namely the Corona Virus Anxiety Scale (Alipour, Gadami, Alipour and Abdulzadeh, 2018), Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (1970) and Health Anxiety Questionnaire (Salkoskis and Warwick, 2022). For data analysis, repeated measurement test was used using SPSS version 25 software. Findings:The results of the findings indicate that the injection of the corona vaccine has reduced the anxiety caused by the corona disease and the health anxiety of the elderly and increased the anxiety of death in the elderly. Conclusion:Therefore, according to the results of the research, which showed that death anxiety in the elderly is not significant after vaccination, it is necessary to organize workshops for the elderly in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - The Role of ICT in Sustainable Tourism Development and Natural Resources Capabilities: a Case Study of Ardabil Province
Alireza Hatefi Ardakani Alireza Estehlaji -
Open Access Article
385 - Estimating the energy gap in greenhouse cucumber production
Bardia Bayat Mohammad Hossein Ansari Marjan Diyanat Ali Mohammadi ‎ Torkashvand -
Open Access Article
386 - The Energy Market Nexus to Environment
Neha Shanmugasundaram -
Open Access Article
387 - Health risk assessment of lead and cadmium in Snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, 1790) in Imam Hassan seaport.
Saeid Ahmadi Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Abdolrahim Pazira Seyed Abdolmajid MousaviAbstractDue to industrial activities, water and soil pollution with heavy metals is one of the most critical threats to natural ecosystems and humans. Due to their non-degradability and bioaccumulation properties in living tissues, these metals are moved in the food cha MoreAbstractDue to industrial activities, water and soil pollution with heavy metals is one of the most critical threats to natural ecosystems and humans. Due to their non-degradability and bioaccumulation properties in living tissues, these metals are moved in the food chain and cause various diseases when they enter the body of consumers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the health risk of nasal metals, and cadmium is in water and Snapper in Imam Hassan port. In this study, 60 samples of common Snapper from the Imam Hassan port of Bushehr were caught by the net and selected. Findings show that the mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in the muscle tissue of average Snapper are 0.903 0 0.021 and 0.348 0 0.045 mg/kg, respectively. Comparison of the results of this study with the standards of the World Health Organization showed that the average concentration of lead and nickel in the muscle tissue of each fish is higher than the permissible level of the World Health Organization, which can be dangerous to human health. According to the results, these metals in the skin and muscle significantly correlated with weight and length. Still, the amount of lead and cadmium in muscle was not significantly correlated with weight and length. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Feasibility of vitamin D and Bifidobacterium Lactis loaded-alginate microcapsules for producing probiotic / vitaminated butter
Sahar Saraghi Peyman Rajaei Kaveh ZargariAbstract One of the new ways to improve probiotic bacteria persistence in food products, as well as the survival of bacteria while passing the digestive tract, is to microbialize the probiotic cells in order to safely transport them to the large intestine.&n MoreAbstract One of the new ways to improve probiotic bacteria persistence in food products, as well as the survival of bacteria while passing the digestive tract, is to microbialize the probiotic cells in order to safely transport them to the large intestine. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of microsphere on the survival of Bifidobacterium lactis during pasteurized butter storage period. In this study, alginate microcapsules containing Bifidobacterium lactis were used in butter formulation with values of 1, 2, 3 and 4 cc. Morphological, particle size, and survival tests were performed in similar conditions in the intestine and stomach. Pasteurized butter tests also included acidity assessment, peroxide value, anisidine index, oxidation resistance, melting point, survival rate of Bifidobacterium lactis, as well as mold and yeast populations in three replications. Sensory evaluation including (flavor, flavor, flavor, perfume, oral sensation and general acceptance) was performed by ten evaluated trained butterfly factory using a 5-point Hedonic method. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and SAS software version 9.4. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis Mann-Whitney test was used to assess sensory results. The results showed that alginic microcapsules with a soft and average surface area had a particle size of 300 to 400 microns, and the maximum amount of bacteria in which the bacteria had fallen was 3/3 ± 0.05. Using alginate microcapsules, the index of peroxide, anisidine index decreased significantly as antioxidant properties of alginate as well as vitamin D, and the index of oxidation resistance as well as acidity significantly decreased. Also, by increasing the amount of micro-capsule application, the melting point of butter treatments decreased and the amount of mold and yeast was significantly decreased. Compared to the pasteurized trifoliate with free Bifidobacterium lactis, micro capsulation improved the Bifidobacterium lactis survival rate by two and a half cycles improved logarithmic conditions. Finally, Pasteurized butter treatment with 3 cc of alginate microcapsules was selected as the optimum treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Possibility of producing and evaluating physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic drinks based on apple juice concentrate and malt extract
Atiyeh Nasseri Mahnaz Hashemiravan Rezvan PourahmadAbstractProbiotics are living microorganism inhibiting the activating of harmful pathogens via establishing in the intestinal medium. Most probiotic products presented in the market are probiotic dairy products, however, in recent year, demand for non-dairy probiotic pr MoreAbstractProbiotics are living microorganism inhibiting the activating of harmful pathogens via establishing in the intestinal medium. Most probiotic products presented in the market are probiotic dairy products, however, in recent year, demand for non-dairy probiotic products has grown. The objective of this study was to produce a probiotic drink containing different concentrations of apple concentrate (20, 30, 40 %) and malt extract (2, 4, 6 %) using Lactobacillus casei ( 106 and 107 cfu/ml) over 28d storage at 4°𝑐. physicochemical (pH, acidity, Brix and total suger), microbial (probiotic bacterial count) and sensory (flavor, aroma, bitterness, sweetness, naturality, color and appearance, thickness, turbidity and total acceptance) properties were measured when produced, 27 h after production, during 1st, 2nd,3rd and 4th weeks by 5 trained panelists as 18 treatments with a control sample in triplicate. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software and multirange Duncan test at 95% and diagrams were drawn by Excel 2013. The results showed that pH, Brix value, and bacterial viability decreased and acidity increased significantly (p≤ 0.05) Overtime. The highest viability after 28 days was found for A3B2C3 (40% apple concentrate + 6% malt extract, 107 cfu/ml). Sensory evaluation showed a decrease and given the microbial population higher than the standard level for probiotic products (106 cfu/ml) and total acceptance A2B1C1 (2% malt extract + 30% apple concentrate, 10 6 cfu/ml) was selected as the superior treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Comparison of physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of salicornia oil with iranica, persica Akhani and persplitana varieties
Behzad Rahnatzadeh Simin Asadollahi Leila NateghiAbstractRecently, with the growth of public knowledge, people desire to consume oils that in addition to providing energy and flavor, is also beneficial to health. It has been reported that 96% of the oil consumed in Iran is imported, while the potential for growing cro MoreAbstractRecently, with the growth of public knowledge, people desire to consume oils that in addition to providing energy and flavor, is also beneficial to health. It has been reported that 96% of the oil consumed in Iran is imported, while the potential for growing crops similar to salicornia that can grow in saline soils and habitats in Iran is significant. in this study, salicornia plant was used as an oil source in the production of blend oils. In this study ,Physicochemical properties assessment of salicornia plant (fatty acid profile, acidity, refractive index, iodine, density, soap number, percentage of extracted oil, oxidative stability, peroxide) in three varieties of salicornia variety )Persica, Salicornia perplitana and Iranica) were examined. The results showed that the amount of oil extracted efficiency in Salicornia varieties was significantly(p≤ 0.05) , respectively of iranica 001/0± 9/15 % , persplitana 002/0± 700/5% and persica Akhani 002/0± 800/8% and in gas chromatography test 10 types of fatty acid profiles in extraction oils as well as formulated oils were analyzed. Among these, linolenic fatty acids varieties was significantly(p≤ 0.05) , in different varieties were iranica 005/0± 946/2% , persplitana 010/0± 230/3and persica Akhani 005/0± 133/42 , respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - Effect of substituting sugar by date syrup and grape syrup on reological , physicochemical and sensory caracteristics of Fatir bread.
Malikeh Mohebali Mohammad Reza Eshaghi Bijan KhorshidpourAbstractBread is known as one of the most important meals that people eat during the day. Fatir is one of the traditional breads of Iran. Due to the association of sugar with some health problems, increasing research is underway to replace sugar with other sweeteners. I MoreAbstractBread is known as one of the most important meals that people eat during the day. Fatir is one of the traditional breads of Iran. Due to the association of sugar with some health problems, increasing research is underway to replace sugar with other sweeteners. In present study the effect of date syrup and grape syrup as a replacement for sugar on the rheological, physical and sensory properties of fatir bread was investigated. Sucrose replacements were used in formulation of fatir bread 0, 50 and 100% and evaluated for the acidity and pH of batter, moisture, composition, texture, color properties and sensory characteristic of bread. The results showed that increasing in sugar replacement in formulation caused to increasing in water absorption, extensibility, resistance and decreasing in energy of batter. pH and acidity of batter by increasing in sugar replacement respectively decreased and increased. The highest amount of sugar was observed in samples contacting 100% sugar and by increasing in sugar replacement sugar amount was decreased. Peroxide value in samples contacting grape syrup and date syrup was lower. The samples containing higher amount of sugar replacement had total color different index. Aspect sensory characteristics all of samples were in reasonable range. The results showed generally of grapes and dates, by preparing date and grape syrup and used them as sugar substitutes can be prevent of wasting this valuable resource and on the other, to produce a product with a higher nutritional value of the diet is also provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Sustainable food, the main axis of development
Somayeh Farhang Hulighi Fatemeh Heydari Dalanjan Aylin Behdashti KhosrowshahiFood safety is one of the biggest public issues that has been the focus of many experts around the world. Microbiological, chemical and physical hazards can lead to problems in food safety. In order to deal with this group of problems and protect consumer health, fast, MoreFood safety is one of the biggest public issues that has been the focus of many experts around the world. Microbiological, chemical and physical hazards can lead to problems in food safety. In order to deal with this group of problems and protect consumer health, fast, reliable and field deployable diagnostic methods with different requirements are needed. It is one of the necessary measures to prevent its occurrence and ensure food safety. Factors affecting the impact of optimal and positive nutrition include the use of multi-component interventions and gender-sensitive and participatory approaches that consider all areas. On the one hand, due to the diseases transmitted from food to humans and causing disturbances in human health, the ability to detect the presence of contamination in food and water (healthy from unhealthy) is of great importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Effects of dam construction on physical development and upstream and downstream dam change using remote sensing (Case Study: June 15th, Qom)
Ahmad RajabiSo far, many studies have been conducted to identify and detect land cover changes and land use changes. Optimizing land cover monitoring is an inevitable necessity in natural resource management. Given the evidence and effects of climate change in the region and the de MoreSo far, many studies have been conducted to identify and detect land cover changes and land use changes. Optimizing land cover monitoring is an inevitable necessity in natural resource management. Given the evidence and effects of climate change in the region and the declining and increasing trend of some coverages and land uses can be effective in prioritizing conservation and zoning strategies. Factors such as land resources, environment, population, economy and society must be taken into account for sustainable development. Any type of development, regardless of quantity or quality, has specific environmental effects (1). Over time, dam construction has made some changes in the land cover - use of dams, in this study we aim to detect these changes. Therefore, for detecting cover changes - upstream and downstream of the Khordad 15 Khordad Dam during the period 201–990 1990, first visualize the changes using Googel Earth, then use Landsat 5 (1990 image) before. Dam Construction and Landsat 8 (Picture 2019) After dam construction and flooding using ENVI software, visual and automated changes detection are performed and the results of automatic image changes and classification in two classes Modified and unchanged Accuracy was 86.38% and was unchanged and modified by classification into three classes ( Decreased) reached 85.51% accuracy.Key words: Sustainable development,RemoteSensing,Dams,Change Detection,Classification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Assessing the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes (Case study: Neyriz neighborhoods)
Mohammad Reza Zardosht Marziyeh Mogholi mohammad ebrahim afifiAbstractAmong natural disasters, earthquakes are one of the newest fundamental challenges of societies, which every year, despite causing great economic damage, cause many deaths and hinder the coordinated and continuous development of societies. The main purpose of thi MoreAbstractAmong natural disasters, earthquakes are one of the newest fundamental challenges of societies, which every year, despite causing great economic damage, cause many deaths and hinder the coordinated and continuous development of societies. The main purpose of this study is to assess the vulnerability of Neyriz neighborhoods to earthquakes. In terms of purpose, in the field of applied research and in terms of research method, it is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection is documentary and survey. By distributing the questionnaire according to the experts of the research, the effective criteria for identification and their relative importance were determined using the method of hierarchical analysis. Prioritization of urban neighborhoods was done using FVikor method (FVikor), as one of the new multi-criteria decision-making methods, in Gis software environment. The results obtained from fuzzy Victor in the neighborhoods of Neyriz show that Qala-e-Beheshti neighborhood with a weight of 0.908 is in the first place and Bazaar neighborhood with a weight of 0.089 is in the last place. In terms of earthquake vulnerability of neighborhoods in terms of all criteria, Beheshti neighborhoods, health, hospitals and commanders’ low vulnerability, stadium neighborhoods, Abadzdasht Jadid and Goodajar moderate vulnerability, Abadzdasht neighborhoods Old and the neighborhood are very vulnerable and the neighborhoods of Sadat, Shadkhaneh, Qala Mahmoud Khan and Bazaar are very vulnerable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - GIS study of the economic development of the cities of Aras Azad region in the environment
Javad Abedi Abash Ahmadlou abbas Arghan Naser eghbaliAbstract A free zone is a certain territory that is often located inside or adjacent to a port, where free trade is allowed to other parts of the world, and goods can be imported or exported from this zone without paying customs duties and taxes. . Free trade zones pla MoreAbstract A free zone is a certain territory that is often located inside or adjacent to a port, where free trade is allowed to other parts of the world, and goods can be imported or exported from this zone without paying customs duties and taxes. . Free trade zones play a very important role in the economic development of countries in the world. Every new economic activity will have a great impact on the development of the host. Successful economic activity leads to the creation of added value and profitability, an incentive and incentive to attract more investors in the region, which means an increase Job opportunities are filled by local people. With the creation of new job opportunities, the welfare level in the region will be improved. Due to the importance of this issue, this research analyzes the economic development of Aras Free Trade Zone. The main purpose of the research is the development rate of the cities of Aras Free Zone and the ranking of each. The present research is in the category of applied research and in terms of method, it is in the framework of descriptive-analytical method. Data collection was done in two ways: library and field. The statistical population under study is the residents and employees of the municipal offices of the cities around the region. The reason for choosing this community is the impact of the Aras Free Zone on the lives of these residents and the awareness of the elites and employees. 50 of these people were randomly selected; Also, Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size. Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the research. TOPSIS technique and cluster analysis method have been used to investigate the research. The obtained results show that in terms of economic development indicators, Jolfa city ranks first, Hadishehr ranks second, central sector and Siehroud rank 3rd and 4th respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Quantitative studies in the management of the banking industry in order to increase customer satisfaction and profitability (case study: Bank Mellat)
Mohammad Moradi Mohammad Sadegh Horri Iraj NooriIn order to provide all kinds of facilities to their customers, credit institutions need to carry out complete surveys in order to know the applicants from qualitative and quantitative aspects, in order to fully evaluate the ability to repay and calculate the probabilit MoreIn order to provide all kinds of facilities to their customers, credit institutions need to carry out complete surveys in order to know the applicants from qualitative and quantitative aspects, in order to fully evaluate the ability to repay and calculate the probability of non-repayment of facilities and services. Financially, these surveys are generally called validation. The purpose of this research is to rank the groups of customers and determine the best parts of them so that the brokerage company can perform credit allocation in a mechanized way. For this purpose, after the initial pre-processing of the data, they are processed in the form of RFM 1 model. Then, using the SOM 2 neural network as one of the clustering algorithms, the customers will be divided into 10 clusters. In the following, using the proposed model, the clusters are ranked. The best clusters are identified and the operation of granting facilities is done for the members of these clusters. Finally, three clusters 5, 1 and 7 were determined as the best clusters, which are the target customers. The coefficient of facilities granted to these top three clusters is 0.271, 0.173 and 0.556 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - The relationship between knowledge management and organizational innovation in sports and youth administration
سید سجاد حسینی حسین رستم خانی Mehriye PanahiAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge management and organizational innovation in sports and youth administration. The method of the present study is descriptive and was implemented with a correlation design. The statistic MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge management and organizational innovation in sports and youth administration. The method of the present study is descriptive and was implemented with a correlation design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of managers and employees of the Sports and Youth Department of the cities of Zanjan province, and 56 people were selected and studied through targeted and accessible sampling. Using the standard questionnaire of Hwang's organizational innovation, three dimensions of organizational innovation, i.e. production innovation, administrative innovation and process innovation, and with the standard questionnaire of Salis knowledge management, five dimensions of knowledge management, namely knowledge creation, knowledge acquisition, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing and knowledge application. It was evaluated and recorded. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and statistical methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression in SPSS version 25 and at a significance level of 0.05. The results of the research indicate the existence of a meaningful relationship between knowledge management and organizational innovation, and knowledge management predicts the dimensions of organizational innovation in sports and youth administration. According to the research findings, it is suggested to pay attention to the knowledge management component in order to achieve organizational innovation in sports and youth departments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Explanation and Validation of Intervening and Background Factors Effective in Developing the Maturity of Green Human Resource Management in First Class Areas of National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company
هادی افراسیابی ملیکه بهشتی فر محمد ضیاءالدینیAbstractThe purpose of this study was to explain and validate the intervening and background factors effective in creating the green human resources maturity pattern in the first-class areas of the National Oil Products Distribution Company. This research is a descripti MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to explain and validate the intervening and background factors effective in creating the green human resources maturity pattern in the first-class areas of the National Oil Products Distribution Company. This research is a descriptive research and is a type of correlational study. After confirming the validity and reliability among the statistical community that the employees with organizational base 14 and above were in the first-class regions of Iran's National Oil Products Distribution Company and the sample size was estimated at 300 people, the data was distributed and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The findings showed that the result of Bartlett's sphericity test was at a significant level (Sig=0.001) and this means that the variables have a high enough correlation to provide a logical basis for exploratory factor analysis. Also, the results of the fit indicators of the measurement model showed that the intervening factors and background questionnaire had favorable conditions and the fit of the structural model indicated that all the components of the intervening and background factors confirmed the fit of the model and finally using the questionnaire The aforementioned measures acceptably the characteristics of the intervening factors and the background of the creation of green human resources surplus in the first-class areas of the Iranian National Petroleum Products Distribution Company. Keywords: Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Identifying and evaluating the most compatible financing methods in projects (Infrastructure construction in Tehran municipalities)
سید عظیم حسینی مهدی علی بخشیAbstractThe main goal of this article is to identify the most suitable financing methods to minimize delays in the infrastructure projects of Tehran municipalities, as well as to identify methods to finance the construction projects of executive bodies or government com MoreAbstractThe main goal of this article is to identify the most suitable financing methods to minimize delays in the infrastructure projects of Tehran municipalities, as well as to identify methods to finance the construction projects of executive bodies or government companies. The method used for this research is group AHP method and paired comparison questionnaires, and the calculations were done by expert choice software. Then we will calculate the consistency for each of the decision matrices. It should be noted that the selected options and indicators in the questionnaire have been adopted based on micro-group. At first, based on the studied articles, various indicators were selected to determine the best financing option, which was further reduced to 7 indicators based on brainstorming. The research indicators have been described as the availability of financing methods, expected returns, the existence of Islamic and legal restrictions, easy guarantee conditions, restrictions related to the use of financial instrument funds, risks related to financial instruments and the volume of financing. The decision options (Alternatives) also include Sukuk method, mutual sale contracts, housing investment fund, Islamic Development Bank and partnership bonds. According to the results of the research, the decision options of this research include the sukuk method (with a score of 0.239), mutual sales contracts (with a score of 0.157), housing investment fund (with a score of 0.189), Islamic Development Bank (with a score of 0.202) and in The last contribution was (with a score of 0.213).Keywords: Financing, Tehran Municipalities and Construction projects.1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Investigating factors affecting organizational improvement in public sectors and ranking them using MADM methods
داریوش علی مرادی رضا واعظی مقصود امیریAbstractIn today's world, "change" is no longer a choice, but a requirement. Mandatory that is not only true for organizations that are looking for improvement, which is also true for organizations that are looking for a strategy to maintain the status quo because every MoreAbstractIn today's world, "change" is no longer a choice, but a requirement. Mandatory that is not only true for organizations that are looking for improvement, which is also true for organizations that are looking for a strategy to maintain the status quo because everyone is changing and even non-progressive organizations with a defensive strategy and maintaining the status quo must also They can improve themselves with strength and speed and adapt to changes. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the effective factors on organizational improvement and prioritizing them. Based on this, after reviewing the literature on the subject and analyzing them, these factors, which include leadership style, organizational structure, organizational entrepreneurship, competence of managers, organizational atmosphere, organizational intelligence, human resource development strategies, employee empowerment, and perceived organizational support, were identified and were ranked using MADM methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Identifying the effective factors on the strategic plan of internal product sales of knowledge-based companies (case study: medical leech breeding)
مینا سرشار مجید فتاحی نیلوفر ایمان خانAbstractConsidering the current economic conditions of the country and the need to implement a resistance economy to get out of recession and economic crisis, relying on power and domestic production has become more important than in the past. Therefore, you should try MoreAbstractConsidering the current economic conditions of the country and the need to implement a resistance economy to get out of recession and economic crisis, relying on power and domestic production has become more important than in the past. Therefore, you should try to strengthen and expand knowledge-based companies that are the main arm of domestic production. In knowledge-based companies, economic growth and job creation are realized in proportion to innovation capacity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the strategic plan of domestic product sales of knowledge-based medical leech breeding companies. This research is based on the Delphi technique and interviews with experts in the company knowledge-based research has been done. The information was collected using the snowball sampling method with 15 experts, including university professors, experts and experts, and managers of knowledge-based companies in the field of medical leech production. The model of the strategic plan for the sale of internal knowledge-based products has 7 dimensions, which are: knowledge-based products, market communications, customer support, management factors, human resources, innovation and financial resources, and 23 indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Locating Donation Centers in Blood Supply chain considering Environmental Criteria Using Combined Vikor and Mathematical Programming Approach (Case Study: Alborz Blood Transfusion center)
مهیار کیانپور مسعود ربانی سید علی ترابیAbstractNowadays with regards to the special role of blood supply chain facilities, theimportance of blood donation centers establishment with environmental standardscompliance is considerable. With the increase in population and urban sprawl,Alborz Blood Transfusion ce MoreAbstractNowadays with regards to the special role of blood supply chain facilities, theimportance of blood donation centers establishment with environmental standardscompliance is considerable. With the increase in population and urban sprawl,Alborz Blood Transfusion center has been looking for a suitable location toestablish blood donation centers in order to providing maximum service to donors,in addition to reduce environmental damage. In this study, to find the appropriatelocation for blood donation centers, environmental criteria have been considered.The purpose of this study was to determine the number and establishment of blooddonation centers using combined VIKOR and mathematical programmingapproach in order to blood donation centers have the highest level of service. Fromthe 12 existing regions, Only 6 candidate regions were selected to determine theappropriate location for the establishment of blood donation centers using theVIKOR method as a multi-criterion decision making approach. Also, by solvingthe proposed mathematical model, 4 regions were selected to locating a blooddonation centers that providing maximum service to donors in the regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Investigating the relationship between Managers' Gender Diversity and Financial Leverage with respect to the moderating role of CEO Power
حبیب اله نخعی بهاره کریم زاده سهیل صیادی لطف آبادیAbstractThis research has investigated the relationship between gender diversity of managers and financial leverage, considering the moderating role of the CEO's power in the capital market (Tehran Stock Exchange). In this research, relying on the existing theories, the MoreAbstractThis research has investigated the relationship between gender diversity of managers and financial leverage, considering the moderating role of the CEO's power in the capital market (Tehran Stock Exchange). In this research, relying on the existing theories, the answer to this question was investigated whether the influence of female managers on the leverage of the company is moderated by the power of the CEO or not. Advanced research, by testing the efficiency of scientific topics and developing applied knowledge about the correlation between variables in order to adapt to the previous theoretical literature, from the aspect of the applied goal, from the aspect of the quantitative research process, from the aspect of the method of collecting and analyzing information. Descriptive correlation and logically, it is an inductive research. In order to test the hypotheses in the research models, the information of the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1390 to 1399 was used for the main purpose of the research. The information of 143 companies was collected, processed and analyzed by appropriate descriptive statistics methods and inferential statistical methods to identify the type of composite data and using R statistical software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the gender ratio of managers and the financial leverage of the company. There is a significant relationship between the existence of female gender among the managers and the financial leverage of the company. CEO power does not moderate the relationship between managers' gender ratio and firm's financial leverage. The power of the CEO does not moderate the relationship between the presence of female gender among managers and the company's financial leverage.Keywords: Gender diversity of managers, Financial leverage and CEO power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Explaining the human resource management model of Iran's administrative system with the focus on agile economic organization
داود امامزاده غلامرضا معمارزاده طهران ناصر حمیدی جواد محرابیAbstractPlaying the role of human resources in the agility of Iranian economic organizations requires an explanation of the pattern and combination of human resource management activities that this study seeks to understand what these dimensions, components and also the MoreAbstractPlaying the role of human resources in the agility of Iranian economic organizations requires an explanation of the pattern and combination of human resource management activities that this study seeks to understand what these dimensions, components and also their composition. This research is from the perspective of developmental goal, and in terms of descriptive and survey method. The statistical population of the present study consists of experts and specialists of the Social Security Organizatio who were selected using random sampling method. 9 dimensions of agility, 5 dimensions and 30 components of human resource management were obtained from reviewing the literature and experts' opinions. The identified components were screened in three steps by Delphi technique. Then, using (BWM) method, the significance coefficient or weight of the components was obtained. From the combination of dimensions and components, the model of human resource management in agile economic organizations of Iran was obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - Designing a balanced scorecard in the supply network of the automotive industry with fuzzy TOPSIS approach
Nafiseh Charestani Sina Abouei MehriziAbstractThe purpose of this paper is to design a balanced scorecard (BSC) in the LARG supply network (LSN) in the automotive industry with Fuzzy TOPSIS (FTOPSIS) approach. What distinguishes this paper from other articles in the field of LSN is identifying dimensions an MoreAbstractThe purpose of this paper is to design a balanced scorecard (BSC) in the LARG supply network (LSN) in the automotive industry with Fuzzy TOPSIS (FTOPSIS) approach. What distinguishes this paper from other articles in the field of LSN is identifying dimensions and indicators with Fuzzy Screening (FS), evaluating the LSN in Saipa Yadak company with BSC approach and FTOPSIS, Also, designing a Matuzan scorecard and providing an operational strategy for evaluating the large supply network, which this innovation is very attractive in supply network researches. The statistical population is 41 experts of Saipa Yadak Company. The sampling method is a number of people. This means that the opinions of all experts of Saipa Yadak Company who have at least a master's degree and a ten-year work experience in Saipa Yadak Company have been used. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and research background, 1 dimensions and 47 indicators were identified and selected by FS. Utilizing the BSC approach and combining it with the LARG paradigm has been able to provide a more comprehensive view in evaluating the larg supply network. The results of FTOPSIS in prioritizing dimensions show that the dimensions of evaluation of the assessment of the supply network of the mains of the beneficiaries ranked first and the financial dimensions, internal processes and growth and learning ranked second to fourth, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - Presenting the analysis model of the internal factors of the National Bank of Iran with regard to the professional ethics of the employees to gain a competitive advantage
ابوالقاسم موسوی نسب رضا سپهوند عبدالخالق غلامی چنارستان علیا علی پیرزادAbstractThe purpose of this research is to identify and rank the internal factors affecting the competitive advantage of National Bank in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The method of conducting this research was done with a combination of qualitative and quantita MoreAbstractThe purpose of this research is to identify and rank the internal factors affecting the competitive advantage of National Bank in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The method of conducting this research was done with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The data collection tool is suitable for qualitative research method, in-depth interview and quantitative research method, using researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was the managers and employees of the National Bank of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad branches, and in the survey section, 100 employees and managers of the National Bank of Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad branches were selected. The results are based on SPSS 24 software and PLS SMART structural equation approach. The plots have shown the path coefficients in the model for: creating differentiation in services (0.492+), reducing the total price of services (0.174+), customer attraction power (0.167+), resource attraction power (0.428). +), ability to collect claims (+0.107), marketing capabilities (+0.298), bank branding (+0.140), capable human resources (+0.185), modern banking services (+0.228) ), the number of Bank Melli branches (+0.174), staff management (+0.480), appropriate information (+0.453), the image of the bank (+0.414), trust in Bank Melli (+0.294) , service quality (+0.645), suitable facilities (+0.337), suitable internet services (+0.171) and professional ethics (0.185) have a direct, positive and significant impact on the competitive advantage of National Bank. According to the analyzes of this research, 18 internal effective factors on the competitive advantage of National Bank branches were identified. Among these factors, the quality of service has the greatest effect and the ability to collect claims has the least effect, which requires the attention of the stakeholders and decision makers of National Bank to improve and correct them. Also, the factor of professional ethics is an important point of this research that among the various factors from marketing to finance, the existence of such a factor must be included in the bank's plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - The impact of institutional factors components on economic growth
منیره پورعلی یداله رجایی محمد دالمن پورAbstractIn this research, to investigate the effect of the components of institutional factors(voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, governmenteffectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption) oneconomic growth in MoreAbstractIn this research, to investigate the effect of the components of institutional factors(voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, governmenteffectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption) oneconomic growth in 15 selected developing countries during the period from 2006to 2020 using from the dynamic panel of Generalized Method of Moments(GMM) technique. The estimation results indicate that all the components ofinstitutional factors have a positive effect on economic growth. Based on this, byimproving and then expanding the components of institutional factors, it ispossible to play a significant role in increasing economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Investigate the impact of economic development on road traffic casualties in two groups of high- and middle-income countries
اشکان رحیم زادهAbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of economic development and human development on road traffic casualties in two groups of high- and middle-income countries. The data in this research is obtained from the World Bank Development Indicator MoreAbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of economic development and human development on road traffic casualties in two groups of high- and middle-income countries. The data in this research is obtained from the World Bank Development Indicators (WDI) set for two groups of high- and middle-income countries classified according to the United Nations report, in the period 2000-2021. Due to the fact that the data used in this research is heterogeneous, Padroni's co-integration test was used. The results of this test indicate that the variables of the model are related to each other in the long run. The results of the estimation of the model by the method of generalized moments show that in the set of selected countries with high income, the effect of the variables of GDP, unemployment rate and human development index on road casualties was negative and significant, while in the set of selected countries with middle income the effect of the variables Gross domestic product per capita and unemployment rate have a positive and significant effect on road casualties, and a negative and significant effect of the human development index has been obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - A Non-deterministic CNN-LSTM Hybrid Model for Bitcoin Cryptocurrency Price Prediction
علی علی جماعت سید محسن میرحسینیAbstractIn today's society, investment diversity has become very important. People reduceinvestment risk by diversifying their portfolios. Bitcoin has gained muchpopularity as one of the digital capitals and has been included in the investmentportfolio of individuals an MoreAbstractIn today's society, investment diversity has become very important. People reduceinvestment risk by diversifying their portfolios. Bitcoin has gained muchpopularity as one of the digital capitals and has been included in the investmentportfolio of individuals and institutions. Bitcoin price prediction is essential fordetermining price trends and transactions. For this purpose, various traditionalmethods as well as methods based on machine learning have been presented, eachof which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Recently, the use of hybridmodels has received attention. Combined methods have good efficiency and usethe advantages of combined techniques. This paper presents a hybrid methodbased on a deep convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network withprobabilistic dropout. Eliminating possible randomness leads to the regularizationof learning, avoids overfitting, and reduces model error. The results of theexperiments show that the proposed method has a higher accuracy than thecompared methods in predicting the price of Bitcoin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - The Determination of strategic occupations and identify criteria for these job positions by using multi-criteria decision-making methods in a fuzzy environment (case study: an automobile company)
فاطمه یزدان پور حمیدرضا یزدانی حسن زارعی متینAbstractOrganizations need to identify their strategic occupations so they can succeed by giving those positions to their highly potential staff members, since the performance of these people, is highly consequential on the organizational performance. Since different or MoreAbstractOrganizations need to identify their strategic occupations so they can succeed by giving those positions to their highly potential staff members, since the performance of these people, is highly consequential on the organizational performance. Since different organizations define strategic occupations based on diverse aims and strategies and this process is different from one organization to another, and furthermore, whereas strategies can be modified time to time, so no occupation could be regarded intrinsically as strategic. In this research, through use of in-depth interviews with experts, we explored the strategic occupations and with the use of multi-criteria decision-making process we determined the strategic occupations in a Fuzzy environment. The results showed, strategic ramifications, the decision’s consequences, the level of authority and the competitive advantage, respectively determine the strategic occupations within an organization. Moreover, 13 percent of occupations within this specific organization are defined as strategic.Keywords: Strategic occupations, Determination of strategic occupations criteria, Strategic ramifications, Decision’s consequences and Multi-criteria decision-making process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Evaluation and detection of fraud in the supply chain process based on the integrated approach of ANN-Big data
الناز علیخانی زنجانی فرید عسگری امیر نجفی بابک حاجی کریمیAbstract In recent decades, competition to provide superior value to customers has shifted from competition between companies to competition between supply chains. Appropriate design of the supply chain with regard to the economic, social and environmental dimensions at MoreAbstract In recent decades, competition to provide superior value to customers has shifted from competition between companies to competition between supply chains. Appropriate design of the supply chain with regard to the economic, social and environmental dimensions at the strategic, tactical and operational levels guarantees the survival and sustainable development of enterprises active in each part of the supply chain. One of the important issues in the supply chain is the existence of fraud and the risks associated with it throughout the chain. Also, according to the amount of scientific and experimental research conducted in recent years, the problem of detecting and evaluating fraud using computational methods alone It is an important topic for research. The most important challenges of fraud detection and evaluation are the unavailability of real data sets, the existence of asymmetric data sets, the large size of data sets, the dynamic behavior of fraudsters and the dispersion of fraudulent events, which are the result of these two Uncertainty and ambiguity in decision making. Therefore, the aim of this research is to provide a model to detect and evaluate fraud in the supply chain process based on the ANN-Big data integrated approach. In terms of its purpose, this research is a developmental and applied research. First, due to the creation of a comprehensive model, taking into account the various sources of decision-making regarding the legitimacy or fraud of electronic card transactions, and the requirements of big data analysis, it tries to develop theoretical knowledge in this field, this research can be considered Considering the nature of a mathematical analytical research, on the basis of this research, in terms of approach, it is a quantitative research. The inter-industry standard process of data mining or CRISP DM (Chapman et al. 2000) has been used as the analysis methodology. Clustering models and K-means algorithms, Kohonen neural network, anomaly detection based on clustering, hidden Markov model, parallel processing method of reduction mapping and fuzzy Dempster cipher fusion model are used. The analysis was done using MATLAB and R software. The proposed model has been able to show superior performance compared to other models in terms of output and execution time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - A study of organizational inertia with social laziness through social attrition in physical education teachers
امید صفری سعیده مینایی غلامرضا صفریAbstractToday, the activity of organizations and especially educational organizations in the current competitive environment requires dynamism and mobility, and these organizations must turn to innovation and continuous changes for their survival and dynamism, so the pu MoreAbstractToday, the activity of organizations and especially educational organizations in the current competitive environment requires dynamism and mobility, and these organizations must turn to innovation and continuous changes for their survival and dynamism, so the purpose of this research is the relationship between organizational inertia and social laziness. It is the way of social wear among physical education teachers in Mamsani and Rostam cities. This research is applied and descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research was all the physical education teachers of Mamsani and Rostam cities in number of 87 people, of which 77 people cooperated with the researcher as a sample and using the total number sampling method. Data collection tools were standard inertial questionnaires. Gokin and Ankaran's organization (2008), Hosseini's social laziness (2008) and Duffy et al.'s (2002) social wear. Descriptive statistics methods were used to describe the data, and Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between organizational inertia and social laziness through social attrition. Therefore, to reduce laziness and social wear, it is better to try to reduce organizational inertia in this organization so that the organization has better efficiency and effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - Economic Transparency and the Rule of Law Emphasizing Article (6) of the Law on the Implementation of General Policies, Article 44 of the Constitution
Laleh Shahbazi Ahmad Markazmalmiri, Erfan, Shams عبدالرضا برزگرAbstractThis article aims to describe the state of clarification and how to present and disclose financial information of companies and economic enterprisesSecurities and Exchange Organization (in line with the legal duties of Article (6) of the Law on the Implementatio MoreAbstractThis article aims to describe the state of clarification and how to present and disclose financial information of companies and economic enterprisesSecurities and Exchange Organization (in line with the legal duties of Article (6) of the Law on the Implementation of General Policies, Article 11 of the Constitution)Islamic Republic of Iran (approved by the Islamic Council on 5118/14/58) and numerous amendments in 5141, 5146, 5148 and 5149, as one of the indicators of the rule of law.Disclosure and presentation of accurate, transparent and timely financial information of companies and economic enterprises to the stock exchange organization It can provide a healthy and fair competitive environment in the society because wherever there is information transparency, public supervision and accountability If there is not enough, the possibility of fraud, discrimination, rent, mistrust, corruption and mismanagement increases. On a macro scale Also, transparency can increase social and economic capital, strengthen the rule of law and good governance.In the current research, how the laws and regulations, legal tools and enforcement guarantees are effective in the field Clarifying and providing correct and timely financial information of economic institutions and enterprises, studied through documentary studies data and provide solutions to overcome existing obstacles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Analyzing the relationship between emotional intelligence and narcissism of managers with the firm value
سبحان عبدالرضائی محمد حسن جنانی محمود همت فرAbstractThe present study aims to examine the relationship between emotionalintelligence and narcissism of managers with the firm value . In termsof its purpose, the research is an applied and correlational type ofresearch. The research data was collected from the actua MoreAbstractThe present study aims to examine the relationship between emotionalintelligence and narcissism of managers with the firm value . In termsof its purpose, the research is an applied and correlational type ofresearch. The research data was collected from the actual financialstatements of the companies through the Kodal website and a standardquestionnaire and compiled using Excel software. The method of testingthe hypotheses is multivariate regression using the statistical softwareEvioz 12. The number of samples is 132 companies. The findings showthat managers' narcissism has a negative and significant relationshipwith firm value. And managers' emotional intelligence has a positive andsignificant relationship with firm value. The findings of this research canbe examined from two theoretical and practical aspects. The theoreticalaspect that leads to a better understanding of the literature related toemotional intelligence and narcissism, which is one of the importantdimensions of the psychological personality of managers, and thepractical aspect that helps investors and other real and legal stakeholdersto consider managers' narcissism when making decisions. Becausenarcissism can affect managers' judgment of the possibility of differentoutcomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - The Mediating Role of Excitement Processing in the Relationship between Initial Schema and Academic Engagement
Samira Dabaghi Zarif Samaneh Rezaei Navid NouriAcademic performance is intricately tied to an individual's emotional and psychological dimensions. This study aims to explore the mediating role of emotional processing in the correlation between the Initial Schema and academic engagement in students. Employing a descr MoreAcademic performance is intricately tied to an individual's emotional and psychological dimensions. This study aims to explore the mediating role of emotional processing in the correlation between the Initial Schema and academic engagement in students. Employing a descriptive-correlational approach, particularly structural equation modeling, the study involved a statistical population of 529 female students in Tehran city, with 300 students selected through available sampling. The Zarang Academic Engagement Questionnaire (2012), the Emotional Processing Scale by Baker et al. (2010), and the Young's Initial Schema Questionnaire (1994) were utilized. Results indicated a significant direct relationship between mental theory and emotional processing with academic engagement. The research model was deemed fit and validated, explaining 37% of the variance in educational involvement through Initial schema and emotional processing. Empirical processing played a mediating role in the association between Initial schema and emotional processing with academic engagement. Changes in beliefs and inappropriate schemas were found to potentially diminish emotional processing, consequently reducing academic engagement.Keywords: Initial Schema, Emotional Processing, Academic Engagement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Validation of Body Image Scale in Women with Breast Cancer
شهین تبرزن فرزانه هومن سعید بختیارپورAbstractWomen undergoing breast cancer treatment experience a number of changes, including lossor deformity of one or both breasts, surgical wounds, skin changes, and weight gain. Thesechanges are closely related to physical appearance and body image and often lead tode MoreAbstractWomen undergoing breast cancer treatment experience a number of changes, including lossor deformity of one or both breasts, surgical wounds, skin changes, and weight gain. Thesechanges are closely related to physical appearance and body image and often lead todecreased mental health, marital quality, and psychological stress resulting from thisinappropriate body image. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validation of bodyimage scale in breast cancer patients in Tehran. The present study was a descriptivecorrelational study. 250 married women with breast cancer were selected from availablemedical centers in Tehran. They completed the scales of body image, cyberspacedependence and quality of married life. Data analysis was performed using statisticalmethods, Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis, etc. using statistical softwareAMOS-26 and SPSS-27. The results showed that the two-factor model of body image wasappropriate for the population. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of convergent anddivergent validity for the whole scale and its subscales was acceptable. Due to the validityand reliability of this scale, it can be used for research and treatment activities in researchand counseling centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Effectiveness of Couples Therapy Based on Glasser's Theory on the Quality of Emotional Climate in Spouses Affected by Extramarital Relationships
Sepideh Rahiminejad Mohammad Ghamari Alireza Jafari Vahideh BabakhaniAbstractThe purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of couples therapy based on Glaser's theory on the quality of emotional climate in spouses affected by extramarital relationships. The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post- MoreAbstractThe purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of couples therapy based on Glaser's theory on the quality of emotional climate in spouses affected by extramarital relationships. The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The current research population included all couples with extramarital relationships who referred to counseling centers in Tehran between March 2020 and April 2020. The research sample included 30 client couples who were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The participants completed the emotional atmosphere quality questionnaire before the interventions. The experimental group received Glasserian couple therapy intervention. Finally, a post-test was given to both groups. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSSV19 software. The results showed that Glasserian couple therapy was effective in all components of the emotional atmosphere of the family (P<0.05). Based on the results of this research, it can be said that the use of couples therapy based on Glasser's theory is effective in the quality of the emotional atmosphere of spouses affected by extramarital affairs, and the knowledge of experts in the fields of counseling, psychology, and health about these vaiables can be helpful.Keywords: Quality of Emotional Climate, Glasserian Couple Therapy, Spouses Affected, Extramarital Relationships.1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Educational Program based on Response to Intervention and Sensory-motor Integration Intervention on Cognitive Language and Academic Performance of Students with Learning Disabilities
محدثه کارگر مطلق فائزه جهان حسن اسدزادهAbstractThe aim of the research was to compare the effectiveness of the educational program based on the response to the intervention and the sensory-motor integration intervention on the cognitive language and academic performance of students with learning disabilities MoreAbstractThe aim of the research was to compare the effectiveness of the educational program based on the response to the intervention and the sensory-motor integration intervention on the cognitive language and academic performance of students with learning disabilities. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population was students who referred to the Learning Disorders Center affiliated to Semnan Education Department in the academic year 2021-2022 due to learning disabilities . 45 students were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly replaced in three groups of 15 people (two experimental groups and one control group). The experimental groups were subjected to intervention for 8 sessions of 60 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. The follow-up period was done after 3 months. Newcomer and Hamill's (1997) language development questionnaire was used to measure the average of monthly reports to measure academic performance. The data was analyzed using the mixed two-factor ANOVA method by SPSS-26 software. The findings showed that there is a significant difference in the linguistic score and academic performance between the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). Based on the results, both interventions were effective and had a stable effect, but training based on the response to the intervention was more effective on the research variables. Therefore, it can be concluded that the educational intervention based on the response to the intervention and the sensory-motor integration intervention can be used as a beneficial intervention to help students with learning disabilities as they can improve linguistic and academic performance in elementary schools and centers for learning problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - The Prediction of psychological distress of patients with MS based on Life Style and responsibility in COVID-19
مارال حسین زاده اصغر جعفریAbstractThe present study aimed to predict psychological distress of patients with MS based on Life Style and responsibility in COVID-19. Method was descriptive- correlation. Population was 400 patients with MS in the hospitals of Nikan, Ebne Sina and Erfan in Tehran in MoreAbstractThe present study aimed to predict psychological distress of patients with MS based on Life Style and responsibility in COVID-19. Method was descriptive- correlation. Population was 400 patients with MS in the hospitals of Nikan, Ebne Sina and Erfan in Tehran in 2021. According to the table of Krejcie & Morgan (1970) and using simple random sampling 150 participants with inclusion criteria were selected and completed the questionnaires of Kesler & et al, s (2002) psychological distress, Lali & et al, s (2012) Life Style and Gaff, s (1975) responsibility. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and enter regression. The results indicated that healthy life style; physical health, exercise, weight control, disease prevention and social health and responsibility; punctuation, commitment, diligence, trust and discipline negatively predict psychological distress of patients with MS (p<0.01). The results show evidence that Life Style and responsibility through moderating life span in the cognitive, affective and behavioral aspects decrease psychological distress of patients with MS. Therefore, in order to prevent and decrease psychological distress of patients with MS, it is necessary to encourage them to apply healthy life style and responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - The predicting of Corona disease anxiety based on spiritual health, the mediating role of family function
Saeideh BazzazianAbstractThe entire world has been influenced by the effects and consequences of Covid-19 Pandemic. Investigating effective factors on its psychological dimension can help reduce the anxiety caused by epidemic. The aim of this study was to predict Corona disease anxiety MoreAbstractThe entire world has been influenced by the effects and consequences of Covid-19 Pandemic. Investigating effective factors on its psychological dimension can help reduce the anxiety caused by epidemic. The aim of this study was to predict Corona disease anxiety based on spiritual health and family function. From all of the employees and students in the Islamic Azad University, West Tehran branch 204 persons were selected randomly in 2020-2021academic year. Subjects completed Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Spiritual Health Questionnaire (SHQ). Results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that existential health, family function and religious health could explain 29/5% variation of physical symptom of corona disease anxiety (P<0/05). Also, religious health and family function could explain 14% variation of psychological symptom of Corona disease anxiety. Thus, results of the present study in addition to expanding the research literature highlight the role of spiritual health and family performance, and the necessity of paying attention to these factors in management policy and planning to control psychological consequences of the epidemic.Keywords: Corona Disease Anxiety, Spiritual Health, Family Function1. Associate Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - The Role of Marital Conflicts in the Relationship between Parenting Style and Children's Stubbornness: Mothers Suffering from Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
غزال زندکریمی مریم تقی پورAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of marital conflicts in the relationship between parenting styles of mothers with premenstrual boredom and of children’s stubbornness. This study was descriptive with structural equation modeling. P MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of marital conflicts in the relationship between parenting styles of mothers with premenstrual boredom and of children’s stubbornness. This study was descriptive with structural equation modeling. Participants were selected availably purposeful from six counseling centers in Tehran in 2023. The entry criteria were having Premenstrual dysphoric disorder with the approval of a clinicians, child aged between 5 and 7 years and education between diploma to master's degree and exclusion criteria, suffering from another mental disorder, or being treated with psychiatric drugs. Participants answered questionnaires on marital conflict, parenting styles, and child stubbornness. The results of this study showed that the structural equation model based on the mediating role of marital conflicts in the relationship between authoritative and authoritarian parenting style of mothers with premenstrual boredom and stubbornness of children has a good fit (P <0.01). But the liberating parenting style and its paths to marital conflict and child stubbornness were taken out of the model. The findings showed that powerful mothers with premenstrual boredom directly and indirectly, with the mediating role of marital conflict, predict a decrease in child stubbornness. In contrast, the authoritarians directly and indirectly significantly predicted the children's stubbornness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Life Therapy on Cognitive Flexibility and Psychological Capital in Patients with Dyspepsia Without Ulcers
Roghayeh Cheraghpour Khonakhdar Ramzan Hasanzadeh Ghodratollah AbbasiPatients experiencing dyspepsia without ulcers often encounter psychological challenges necessitating therapeutic interventions. This semi-experimental study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and life therapy on cognitive flexi MorePatients experiencing dyspepsia without ulcers often encounter psychological challenges necessitating therapeutic interventions. This semi-experimental study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and life therapy on cognitive flexibility and psychological capital in such patients. The research employed a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population comprised individuals aged 25 to 50 diagnosed with indigestion without ulcers at Tuba Gastroenterology clinics in Sari and Ghaemshahr cities in 2022. A total of 45 participants were selected through available sampling, with 15 each in the experimental groups (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and life therapy) and the control group. The experimental groups underwent eight sessions of therapy once a week for 90 minutes. Data were collected using the cognitive flexibility questionnaire by Dennis and Vanderwal (2010) and the psychological capital questionnaire by Loutans and Olive (2007) at pre-test, post-test, and a two-month follow-up. Mixed analysis of variance and Benferroni's post hoc test were applied for data analysis in SPSS version 24 software. Results indicated a significant main effect of both cognitive therapy groups, with 53% of cognitive flexibility and 44% of changes attributed to the interventions. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and life therapy, with the former showing a greater impact on cognitive flexibility and psychological capital (P < 0.01). The findings suggest that both cognitive therapies based on mindfulness and life therapy can effectively enhance cognitive flexibility and psychological capital in patients with dyspepsia without ulcers.Keywords: Cognitive Flexibility, Dyspepsia without Ulcers, Life Therapy, Psychological Capital, Cognitive Therapy, Mindfulness.1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Compassion - Therapy on Affective Capital in Elderly Women
Roghieh Nooripour Nikzad Ghanbari Vahideh Sadat Farkhojasteh Seyed Hossein Tabatabaei Saeed Soleimani Farsani Peyman Hassani-AbharianAbstract This study was conducted to determine compassion therapy based on mindfulness of affective capital in elderly women. The current research is of an applied type, which was conducted semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group in 20 MoreAbstract This study was conducted to determine compassion therapy based on mindfulness of affective capital in elderly women. The current research is of an applied type, which was conducted semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group in 2019. The statistical population included all elderly women 60 to 75 in Tehran (mean age: 64.74). Among the statistical population, 36 elderly women were invited to participate in this research using the available sampling with the necessary criteria. Among the recruited people, 36 agreed and were randomly and equally placed in two experimental and control groups. Due to the exclusion of sample people during the research (such as lack of interest in continuing participation), 32 elderly women were included until the end of the study. The intervention group received mindfulness-based compassion therapy for eight weeks and one weekly session. Meanwhile, the control group did not receive any intervention. Elderly women completed the affective capital questionnaire to evaluate the dependent variable in the pre-test, post-test, and intervention follow-up periods. Levene's test, Mauchly's sphericity test, Bonferroni Test, and Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the mean of affective capital of the intervention group improved after mindfulness training. Also, the mean of affective capital between the intervention and control groups was significantly different (p<0.05). This intervention showed new horizons in psychological interventions and can also be used to improve affective capital of elderly women.Keywords: Mindfulness, Affective Capital, Elderly, Compassion, Woman1.* Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Investigating the Effectiveness f Counseling Based on Extramarital Relationships on Marital Instability in Couples with Extramarital Relationships
زکیه نصیری نازنین هنرپروران فاطمه جواد زاده شهشهانی سیامک سامانیAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of counseling based onextramarital relationships on marital instability in couples with extramarital relationships.The research design was semi-experimental, pre-test-post-test with a control group. Th MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of counseling based onextramarital relationships on marital instability in couples with extramarital relationships.The research design was semi-experimental, pre-test-post-test with a control group. Thestatistical population included all couples with extramarital relationships who referred tocounseling centers in Shiraz in 2021. 32 couples were selected as a sample by purposivesampling and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (16 couples) and a controlgroup (16 couples). The intervention group underwent 60-minute extramarital relationshiptherapy in 11 sessions, once a week but no action was taken on the control group. Theresearch tools of marriage instability were Edward, Johnson and Alan Booth (1987). Dataanalysis was done with descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and univariatecovariance analysis using SPSS version 23 software. It showed that the treatment ofextramarital relationships had an effect on the stability of marriage in unfaithful couples (P< 0.001). According to the results of this research, the treatment of extramaritalrelationships can be used to reduce the problems of couples and increase the stability oftheir lives through increasing the individual's insight into himself and the awareness of whymarital infidelity occurs and escalates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - The relationship between family emotional atmosphere and the development of students' social skills and academic achievement
Ashraf Alsadat Hosseini MirsafiAbstractThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the emotional atmosphere of the family and the development of social skills and academic progress of students. The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistica MoreAbstractThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the emotional atmosphere of the family and the development of social skills and academic progress of students. The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of the research included all the male and female students of the fifth and sixth grades of the sixth education district of Tehran in the academic year of 1401-1402 in the number of 4259 people. The number of subjects was 352 as a sample using Morgan's table and from this number (177 girls and 175 boys) were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The measurement tools of this research were Hillburn’s scale of emotional relationships of family members (1964) and Karamati’s social skills development test (2016). The findings of the research showed that there is a positive and significant correlation (at the confidence level of 0. 01) between the emotional atmosphere of the family and the development of social skills and the academic progress of students.Keywords: Emotional atmosphere, social skills, Achievement of Primary1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - Modeling the Structural Equations of Emotional Divorce based on Early Maladaptive Schemas, Marital Boredom mediated by Emotion Regulation in Married Women
Mousgan Jalalvand Hamidreza Rezazadeh Bahadoran, Shokouh Navabinejad Ali akbar khosravi BabadiAbstractThe aim of this study was to model the structural equations of emotional divorce based on early maladaptive schemas, marital boredom mediated by emotion regulation in married women in Tehran. The present study was descriptive, correlational and structural equati MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to model the structural equations of emotional divorce based on early maladaptive schemas, marital boredom mediated by emotion regulation in married women in Tehran. The present study was descriptive, correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was all married women in Tehran. From among the statistical population a total of 200 married women living in Tehran were selected by available sampling method from the counseling centers of friends and counselors of the Association for the Protection of Children's Rights online (due to the presence of the Corona virus).There search instruments were emotional divorce questionnaire(EDQ), maladaptive schemas questionnaire(YSQ-SF2), marital boredom scale (CBM) and emotion regulation scale (ERS). All analyses were performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 softwares. Bootstrap method in MACRO program was used to analyze the intermediary relationships. The results of direct relationships between research variables showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between cut and rejection, excessive listening and inhibition, and marital boredom with emotional divorce. Also, maladaptive schemas and marital boredom, in addition to a direct effect through emotion regulation, have a positive and significant indirect effect on emotional divorce. A conclusion can be drawn based on the findings of the research that emotion regulation as a mediating variable could explain the relationship between maladaptive schemas and marital boredom.Keywords: Emotional Divorce, Early maladaptive Schemas, Marital Boredom, Emotion Regulation1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - The Role of Job Engagement in Mediating the Relationship Between Psychological Capital, Well-being, and Sustainable Job Performance among Melli Bank Branches’ Managers and Employees
Mahdi Khasmohammadi Saeideh Nik Sokhan ShiraziThis study delves into the intricate dynamics among psychological capital, well-being, job engagement, and sustainable job performance within Melli Bank branches in Tehran. Employing a correlational research method, 350 managers and employees were selected through conve MoreThis study delves into the intricate dynamics among psychological capital, well-being, job engagement, and sustainable job performance within Melli Bank branches in Tehran. Employing a correlational research method, 350 managers and employees were selected through convenience sampling. Data were gathered using Koopmans et al.'s Sustainable Job Performance Questionnaire (2013), Luthans' Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007), Tennant et al.'s Mental Well-being Questionnaire (2007), and Salonava and Shoufeli's Job Engagement Questionnaire (2001). The validity of research tools was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS and SMART PLS software. Results affirmed the relationship between psychological capital and sustainable job performance. However, the direct relationship between well-being and sustainable job performance was not confirmed. Notably, psychological capital and well-being demonstrated a significant indirect relationship with sustainable job performance through the mediating variable of job engagement.Keywords: Job Engagement, Psychological Capital, Well-being, Sustainable Job Performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Predicting Child Abuse during the Covid-19 Epidemic based on Parental Burnout and Control
صدیقه نجفی مجتبی امیری مجدAbstractThe aim of the current research was to predict child abuse during the covid-19 epidemicbased on parental burnout and control. The research community was formed by all themothers of preschool students in Qazvin city in 1401, of which 90 people were selected as as MoreAbstractThe aim of the current research was to predict child abuse during the covid-19 epidemicbased on parental burnout and control. The research community was formed by all themothers of preschool students in Qazvin city in 1401, of which 90 people were selected as asample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The tools used in this research wereStrauss et al.'s (1998) parent-child conflict assessment questionnaire, Rozkam et al.'s (2018)parental burnout scale, and PARQ parental control questionnaire. Pearson's correlationcoefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findingsshowed that there is an inverse relationship between parental burnout and assertivediscipline, and there is also a direct relationship between parental burnout and mental andphysical abuse (p<0.05). Also, acceptance and affection have a direct relationship with firmdiscipline, but an inverse relationship with mental and physical abuse. Hostility/aggressionalso has an inverse relationship with firm discipline, but a direct relationship with mentaland physical abuse. Parental rejection also has a direct relationship with mental abuse andan inverse relationship with physical abuse (p<0.05). No significant relationship wasobserved between other variables. The findings of this research show the importance of therelationship between parental fatigue and control and child abuse, and 30.4% of child abusecan be predicted by parental exhaustion and control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group counseling on general health of female high school students in the first secondary level
Jafar Mahmoodi Yahya AraghiAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group counseling on increasing the general health of female students. The current study is a semi-experimental type in which a pre-test and post-test design was MoreAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group counseling on increasing the general health of female students. The current study is a semi-experimental type in which a pre-test and post-test design was used with an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population of the research was made up of all female high school students in the first secondary level of Marand city, and among them, 30 people (15 people each in the experimental and control groups) were selected by purposive sampling and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. In this research, the 28-question general health questionnaire of Goldberg and Hiller (1979) was used to collect information. Data analysis using multivariate covariance analysis method showed: teaching cognitive-behavioral approach in a group manner increases students' social functioning and significantly reduces their symptoms of depression, anxiety and physical symptoms (P≤ 0.05). It is concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be well used and effective in order to increase the general health of students due to the cultural closeness with the Iranian society.Keywords: cognitive-behavioral approach, public health, female students.1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - Investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and fear of negative evaluation of women facing divorce
مطهره گلستانی Dr.farzad dehghanifarAbstractWomen facing divorce face psychological challenges. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to commitment-based treatments in this field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and fear MoreAbstractWomen facing divorce face psychological challenges. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to commitment-based treatments in this field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and fear of negative evaluation of women facing divorce. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was all women who were subject to divorce in Kerman city in 1401. 30 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method and replaced by simple random in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. Wells's (1994) anxiety questionnaire and Watson and Friend's (1969) fear of negative evaluation questionnaire were used to collect information. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and covariance analysis were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that treatment based on commitment is effective on anxiety and fear of negative evaluation of women facing divorce at a significance level of P<0.01. Considering the effectiveness of treatments based on commitment and on anxiety and fear of negative evaluation of women, it seems that this treatment can be used to reduce the psychological problems of women facing divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the intensity of temptation and craving in women with drug abuse
نازنین نخعی فرشید خسروپور حمید ملایی زرندیAbstractThe intensity of temptation and desire to use is one of the problems of women with substance abuse and they can be among the important risk factors for relapse of addiction. This study was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral MoreAbstractThe intensity of temptation and desire to use is one of the problems of women with substance abuse and they can be among the important risk factors for relapse of addiction. This study was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the intensity of temptation and reducing cravings in women with drug abuse in Kerman city. The method of this research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research is all the women addicted to drugs who visited Sepid and Mehr addiction treatment clinics in Kerman from January to March 2017. Using available sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly divided into two groups (experimental 15 people and control 15 people). The experimental group participated in 12 sessions of 60 minutes a week, cognitive-behavioral therapy, but no intervention was done in the case of the control group. Beck and Clark's (1993) Temptational Belief Questionnaires and Mazinskis et al.'s (1995) Substance Abuse Questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis. The results showed that in the post-test phase, the mean scores of the intensity of temptation and craving for consumption in the experimental group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P<0.01). According to the findings, it is suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as an intervention to reduce the intensity of temptation and craving for consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Predicting marital happiness based on spiritual intelligence and cognitive emotional regulation in career women
Zhaleh NorooziAbstractThe aim of this study was to predict marital happiness based on spiritual intelligence and cognitive emotion regulation in career women in Abhar. The method of the present study was correlational. The Marital Happiness Scale, King Spiritual Intelligence Question MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to predict marital happiness based on spiritual intelligence and cognitive emotion regulation in career women in Abhar. The method of the present study was correlational. The Marital Happiness Scale, King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and Cognitive Emotion Regulation were used to measure variables. In this study, the statistical population included all women employees in Abhar city offices in 1400. Ahundred people were randomly selected as the sample by stepwise cluster sampling method. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results of correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive relationship between existential criticism of thinking, creation of personal significance, transcendent consciousness, expansion of state of consciousness and spiritual intelligence with marital happiness (P <0.01). There is a positive relationship (P <0.05) between marital happiness and acceptance components, refocusing on planning, and positive re-evaluation. There is a negative relationship between marital happiness and the components of self-blame and blame of others (P <0.05). There is a negative relationship between marital happiness and catastrophic component (P <0.01). The results of regression showed that the existential criticism component of thinking and acceptance along with refocusing on planning can explain 30% of the variance of marital happiness. It can be concluded that among the effective variables in promoting marital happiness are spiritual intelligence and cognitive emotion regulation.Keywords: Marital happiness, Spiritual intelligence, Cognitive emotion regulation, women employees.1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Structural Model of the Relationship between Childhood Injuries and Sexual Intimacy with the Mediating Role of Self-compassion in Married Women
فرشته میرزایی صاحبه بریمانی فاطمه زارع سمانه فراهانیAbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women. The present study was a descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women. The present study was a descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of the study included married women in Tehran and Sari city, from which 196 people were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included a short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, self-compassion scale and sexual intimacy questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation model were used for data analysis using AMOS and SPSS version 22 software. The results showed that sexual intimacy had a negative relationship with childhood injuries (-0.44) and had a significant positive relationship with self-compassion (0.25) at the level of 0.01. Self-compassion also played a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women (P<0.001). Accordingly, compassion had a mediating role in the relationship between childhood injuries and sexual intimacy in married women. Thus, in married women, childhood trauma can reduce sexual intimacy through its effect on compassion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Predicting Career Well-Being of Tehran Water and Sewerage Company Employees based on Career Calling, Decent Work, and Career Adaptability
آتنا نیک بین نوشین پردلانAbstractThis study aimed to predict the Career Well-Being of Tehran Water and Sewerage Company Employees in District 2 based on Career Calling, Decent Work, and Career Adaptability. The research methods were survey and correlational. 150 of Tehran Water and Sewerage Com MoreAbstractThis study aimed to predict the Career Well-Being of Tehran Water and Sewerage Company Employees in District 2 based on Career Calling, Decent Work, and Career Adaptability. The research methods were survey and correlational. 150 of Tehran Water and Sewerage Company Employees who worked in that company in 2021-22 were selected. Of these, 126 people were evaluated, and they responded Quetzi Career Well-Being Scale(2019), Hegmayer and Abel career Calling scale(2015), Allahyari Decent work scale(1397) and Savicas and pourfeli Career Adaptability scale(2012). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and simultaneous regression method with SPSS-26 and SMART PLS software. The results showed a significant and positive relationship between Career Well-Being with Career Calling, Decent Work, and Career Adaptability. The independent variables can predict Career Well-Being changes in the regression model. According to the results Career Calling, Decent Work, and Career Adaptability play important roles in improving Career Well-Being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - The Role of Childhood Emotional Maltreatment in Predicting ADHD and Aggression in Primary School Children
سمیه نخعی کوثر داورنیا فاطمه سراوانی خوشبختAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of childhood emotional misbehavior inpredicting attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and aggression in primary schoolchildren. The method of this research was descriptive correlation type. The statistical MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of childhood emotional misbehavior inpredicting attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and aggression in primary schoolchildren. The method of this research was descriptive correlation type. The statisticalpopulation of this research included 706 students of the fifth and sixth grades of Banjarcity. A sample size of 248 people was selected based on Morgan's table. In order to collectdata, Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (1980) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderQuestionnaire, Bernstein et al. (2003) Childhood Abuse Questionnaire and Bass and Perry(1992) Aggression Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the data at the level ofinferential statistics, regression analysis is used, and all statistical calculations are done withthe help of SPSS 24 software. The results showed that the emotional misbehavior ofelementary school children could predict 53% of the changes in attention deficithyperactivity disorder and 66% of the changes in aggression at a level of 99%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Reducing Cravings and Suicidal Ideation among Methadone Patients
Sara Azad Farshid Khosropour Hamid Molayi ZarandiCravings and suicidal ideation significantly impact individuals undergoing methadone treatment. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is recognized for its role in enhancing mental and physical well-being. This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design w MoreCravings and suicidal ideation significantly impact individuals undergoing methadone treatment. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is recognized for its role in enhancing mental and physical well-being. This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a control group to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in reducing cravings and suicidal ideation among methadone patients. The sample consisted of 30 individuals undergoing methadone treatment in addiction centers in Tehran's second district during the second half of 2021. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (undergoing mindfulness-based cognitive therapy) and a control group. The intervention group received 90 minutes of mindfulness treatment in 8 weekly sessions, while the control group received no intervention. The Wright Material Craving Questionnaire (1997) and the Beck Suicide Thought Questionnaire (1901) were used for data collection. Data analysis employed descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and analysis of covariance with SPSS software version 23. Results revealed significant effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on both cravings (F = 15.74, p = 0.001) and suicidal ideation (F = 0.37, p < 0.001). The findings indicate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in reducing cravings and suicidal ideation among individuals undergoing methadone treatment, suggesting its potential application in addressing psychological challenges in this population.Keywords: Suicidal Ideation, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, Craving Temptation, Methadone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - The effect of mindfulness training on achievement motivation and satisfaction of life in female adolescents
Fateme AhmadiAbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mindfulness training on achievement motivation and life satisfaction among the girls in second high school.The method used in this study is semi-experimental whit pre-test and post-test and control group. S MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mindfulness training on achievement motivation and life satisfaction among the girls in second high school.The method used in this study is semi-experimental whit pre-test and post-test and control group. Statistical population was all second high school girls from Tehran city, who were enrolled in the 2016-17 academic year. The sample group included 30 students that were selected by disposal sampling method. They were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Assessment instruments were Hermans achievement motivation questionnaire (1977) and Huebner’s Life Satisfaction (2001). The experimental group was trialed with mindfulness therapeutic technique in 8 sessions, while the control group was not received any treatment. Data were analyzed using Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed that mindfulness training on achievement motivation and life satisfaction adolescent girls were positively influenced. The calculated effect size showed that the effects of mindfulness training on achievement motivation has been more than satisfactory life of adolescent girls. Counselors and psychologists working in schools and counseling centers can be used to enrich the results of this research on achievement motivation and satisfaction of life of adolescent girls use.Keywords: mindfulness techniques, achievement motivation, life satisfaction, high-school girls1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on the Quality of Life and Resilience of Caregivers of Patients with MS
سید مجتبی عقیلی سعیده تیغ دست انسیه باباییAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy onthe quality of life and resilience of caregivers of patients with MS. The research methodwas semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The stat MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy onthe quality of life and resilience of caregivers of patients with MS. The research methodwas semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statisticalpopulation of this research included all caregivers of MS patients admitted to the MSResearch Center of Sinai Hospital. Among the caregivers, 30 people were selected throughavailable sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15people in each group). The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of compassionfocusedtherapy, but the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of thestudy. The research tools were World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaireand Connor and Davidson's Resilience Questionnaire. Research data was analyzed bymultivariate analysis of variance test and spss-26 software. The results showed that thetreatment focused on compassion is effective on quality of life and resilience in caregiversof patients with MS (p<0.05). Based on the results of this research, it can be said thatcompassion-based treatment has been able to increase the quality of life and resilience ofcaregivers of MS patients. Therefore, the awareness of experts in the fields of counseling,psychology and health about these variables can be helpful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - The Mediating Role of Humor in the Relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder and Suicidal Tendencies in Public Hospital Employees
زهرا تنها معصومه مومنی مفردAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of humor in the relationship between the traits of borderline personality disorder and suicidal tendencies in public hospital employees of Lorestan province. This study is applied in terms of purpos MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of humor in the relationship between the traits of borderline personality disorder and suicidal tendencies in public hospital employees of Lorestan province. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection, which was conducted using structural equation model method. The statistical population of this study is made up of all the employees of the public hospitals of Lorestan province, using cluster random sampling, the number of 148 people was determined as a sample and according to Beck's suicide tendency questionnaire (1979). The borderline personality disorder subscale was answered based on the MCMI questionnaire and the humor questionnaire of Martin et al. (1981). The analysis of the hypotheses of this study was done by the method of structural equation modeling with SmartPLS software. Results showed that borderline personality disorder traits have a significant direct relationship with humor and suicidal tendencies. Also, the results of the final adjusted model showed that personality disorder traits with suicidal tendencies have an indirect effect with the mediating role of humor. The results of this study, by obtaining a suitable fit of the data with the model, showed that three conceptual frameworks, borderline personality disorder traits, suicidal tendencies and humor have theoretical intersection points in the hospital staff community. Are of Lorestan province and can be used in the form of a model and be taken into consideration in future planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Emotion Management, Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Flexibility in Women Affected by Marital Infidelity
فرزانه بیات لیلا کشفیAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotion management, experiential avoidance and cognitive flexibility in women affected by marital infidelity who visited the counseling centers in Khorramabad. T MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotion management, experiential avoidance and cognitive flexibility in women affected by marital infidelity who visited the counseling centers in Khorramabad. The statistical population included all women affected by marital infidelity who visited to counseling centers in Khorram Abad city in 2022. The research sample consisted of 30 women affected by marital infidelity. They were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. The research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test-Follow-up type with control and experimental groups. To collect data, Garnevsky et al.'s (2001) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaires, Gams et al.'s (2011) experiential avoidance, Dennis and Vander Wall's (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaires were used to analyze the data. One-way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance were use (p<0.005), Acceptance and commitment therapy was performed in the form of 8 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week on the experimental group, and during this period, no intervention was performed on the control group The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in increasing emotion management and cognitive flexibility and reducing experiential avoidance.The findings showed that the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy had an effect on the average scores of emotion management, experiential avoidance and cognitive flexibility (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is effective on emotion management and flexibility Cognitive adaptability and experiential avoidance of women affected by marital infidelity are effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Regulation of Emotion, Physical Mental Health, and Flow Experience in College Students
Seyed Mojtaba Aghili Mani MansoorianThis study aimed to assess the impact of acceptance and commitment therapy on the cognitive regulation of emotion, mental-physical health, and the experience of flow in college students. Using a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group, the resea MoreThis study aimed to assess the impact of acceptance and commitment therapy on the cognitive regulation of emotion, mental-physical health, and the experience of flow in college students. Using a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group, the research involved undergraduate students from the Islamic Azad University of Gorgan in the academic year 2021-2022. Thirty students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 each). Data were collected using Garnevsky et al.'s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Weir and Sherburne's Health Background Questionnaire, and Jackson and Marsh's Drowning Experience Questionnaire at pre- and post-treatment stages. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment, while the control group received no treatment. Data analysis employed univariate analysis of covariance test. Results indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy significantly influenced the cognitive regulation of emotion, psychological health, and the experience of flow in students (P < 0.05). The findings suggest that therapy based on acceptance and commitment can effectively enhance cognitive regulation of emotions, psychological health, and the experience of flow in students.Keywords: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Emotion Regulation, Physical Mental Health, Drowning Experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - The relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being with the mediating role of resilience in people with migraine
محمد بی ریا سیده مریم موسوی سجاد سعادتAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being with the mediating role of resilience in people with migraine. The design of the research was descriptive kind of correlational study. MoreAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being with the mediating role of resilience in people with migraine. The design of the research was descriptive kind of correlational study. The statistical population of this study was people suffering from migraine in Rasht city in 2022, whose approximate number is estimated to be 3000 people. In this research, 216 people were selected by convenience sampling method. Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FMI-SF) (Wallach et al., 2006), Riff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (RSPWB) (Ryff and Keyes, 1995) and Resilience Scale-Connor Davidson (CD-RISC) (Connor and Davidson, 2003). Data analysis was done using SPSS and Amos software versions 24 and structural equation modeling test. The proposed model had a good fit. The direct effects of mindfulness on resilience, mindfulness on psychological well-being and resilience on psychological well-being were significant; Also, the results showed that resilience played a mediating role between mindfulness and psychological well-being (P<0.05). In general, it can be concluded that resilience is one of the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being in people with migraine; Based on this, it is suggested to implement educational and therapeutic programs focused on mindfulness and resilience in order to improve the psychological well-being of these people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - The Prediction of Work Ethics Based on Personality Traits, Attachment Styles and Cognitive Schemas, With Mediation of Job Adjustment
Hossein SadeghAbstrectThe purpose of this study was to design a statistical model to predict work and organizational ethics on the basis of personality traits, attachment styles and cognitive schemas by mediating job adjustment among the personnel of the judiciary. The study populati MoreAbstrectThe purpose of this study was to design a statistical model to predict work and organizational ethics on the basis of personality traits, attachment styles and cognitive schemas by mediating job adjustment among the personnel of the judiciary. The study population consisted of all the employees of the judiciary. 43people were selected by convenience sampling method. The tools of data collection included of labour ethics questionnaire, NEO Personality Inventory, Hazan & Shaver attachment inventory questionnaire, Young's early maladaptive schema questionnaire and Davies and Lofquist job adjustment questionnaire. The data obtained from the study were analyzed by path analysis and SPSS and AMOS softwares. Based on the results of the research, each of the concepts of personality traits, attachment styles and cognitive schemas can predict work ethic appropriately. In the meantime, the concept of job adaptation mediates the relationship between personality traits, attachment styles, cognitive schemas and work ethics. In sum, the models presented in this research, theoretically in psychology, are confirmed and can be used in the field of selection of employees and career counseling and guidance .KeyWords: Work/Organizational Ethics, Personality Traits, Attachment Styles, Cognitive Schemas, Job Adjustment.1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Executive Functions, Emotional Regulation, and Cognitive Impairment in Depressed Patients
Zahra Bostangar Alireza BalootiThis research aimed to assess the impact of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on executive functions (residual error), emotional regulation, and cognitive deficits in depressed patients attending counseling centers in Ahvaz. The statistical population included all dep MoreThis research aimed to assess the impact of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on executive functions (residual error), emotional regulation, and cognitive deficits in depressed patients attending counseling centers in Ahvaz. The statistical population included all depressed patients in Ahvaz counseling centers. Thirty eligible patients were initially selected, with 15 randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The quasi-experimental research method involved a pre-test and post-test with a control group. Data were collected using the Cognitive Impairment Scale (Broadbent), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefsky), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Grant and Berg, 1993), and Working Memory Test (Damin and Carpenter). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was implemented, and data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics through univariate and multivariate covariance analysis. Results from univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on executive functions, emotional regulation, and cognitive impairment in depressed patients. The findings highlight the positive impact of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in improving executive functions, emotional regulation, and cognitive impairment among depressed patients.Keywords: Depression, Cognitive Impairment, Emotional Regulation, Executive Functions, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - Presenting a Causal Model of Exam Anxiety Based on Family Communication Patterns and Parental Perfectionism with the Mediation of Learning Styles on Anxiety
محمدرضا سروهویدا مختار عارفی محمود گودرزی امید مرادیAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the development of a causalmodel of exam anxiety based on family communication patterns and parental perfectionismwith the mediation of learning styles and its effectiveness on students' exam anxiety. MoreAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the development of a causalmodel of exam anxiety based on family communication patterns and parental perfectionismwith the mediation of learning styles and its effectiveness on students' exam anxiety. Thestatistical population was 9th grade male students of Kermanshah city in the academic yearof 1400-1401 (6578 people), of which 338 people were selected using multi-stage clustersampling method and random method. And in the second study, 30 people (15 people in theexperimental group and 15 people in the control group) were selected using the stagedcluster sampling method. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes and thecontrol group did not receive any training. The measurement tools were Ahvaz TestAnxiety Questionnaire (TAI), Koerner and Fitner Patrick Family Communication Patterns(RFCP), Ahvaz Perfectionism (APS) and Kolb's Learning Styles (LSI). The findingsshowed that family communication patterns and parents' perfectionism and learning styleshave a significant causal relationship with exam anxiety. And finally, the results determinedthe mediating role of learning styles in the relationship between the mentioned variables,and it was also found that the educational program developed based on the extracted modelwas effective in reducing exam anxiety. Based on the findings, it is suggested to use theprogram of teaching family communication patterns, parental perfectionism and learningstyles to reduce students' exam anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - The effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving working memory and attention in children with math disorders
پگاه نفریه علیرضا پیرخائفیAbstract One of the problems of students with math disorder is lack of attention and difficulty in active memory, which can be increased with play therapy. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving MoreAbstract One of the problems of students with math disorder is lack of attention and difficulty in active memory, which can be increased with play therapy. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving working memory and attention of children with math disorders. The method of this research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all students with math disorders in the first half of 2019. The research sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. And they answered the questionnaires of the Iran Key Math diagnostic test (2001), children's working memory by Pickering and Gathercole (2001) and color word Stroop (2006) before and after the intervention. The experimental group underwent child-centered play therapy intervention for 8 sessions of 45 minutes, and the control group did not receive any training. The research data was analyzed using correlation. The results of covariance analysis showed that child-centered play therapy has a positive effect on working memory and attention of students with math disorders. The effect on working memory was 0.55 and on attention was 0.61 (P<0.01). Play therapy is effective in improving working memory and attention of children with mathematical disorders. Therefore, this type of education can be used to reduce the problems of children with math disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Behavioral and academic problems related to distance learning for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Bahar TaheriAbstractThe epidemic of the Covid-19 and the resulting quarantine made distance learning the norm. Apart from the issue of access to smart facilities, there is little research evidence in this field that shows the difficulties of distance learning for children and adole MoreAbstractThe epidemic of the Covid-19 and the resulting quarantine made distance learning the norm. Apart from the issue of access to smart facilities, there is little research evidence in this field that shows the difficulties of distance learning for children and adolescents with ADHD. Therefore, the current study investigated the behavioral and academic problems related to distance learning for children with ADHD. This research was a causal-comparative study. Ninety-six children with ADHD and 150 healthy children were selected through purposeful sampling with the ADHD screening questionnaire and structured clinical interview. Considering the conditions of online learning and comparing it with face-to-face learning, they were evaluated through the behavioral problems checklist, academic problems questionnaire, and academic motivation questionnaire. The results of multivariate variance analysis showed that the two groups had significant differences in behavioral and academic problems and motivation. Parents of children with ADHD reported more behavioral, academic, and motivational problems than parents of healthy children regarding online learning. Children with ADHD especially showed higher concentration problems and lower follow-through and motivation. These findings suggest that distance learning is not equally beneficial for all students and that those with behavioral disorders such as ADHD may not be able to benefit from this method. Therefore, it is important and necessary to identify behavioral and academic problems related to it for children with ADHD in order to find solutions to help them better.Keywords: attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, behavioral problems, learning problems, school motivation, distance learning.1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Emotion Management, Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Flexibility in Women Affected by Marital Infidelity
جهان سادات اسدی بیجائیه علیرضا عیوضی سیده زهرا میر موسوی نالکیاشریPsychosomatic illnesses are physical illnesses in which psychological factors are influentialin their onset or exacerbation. This study aimed atcomparing anxiety and quality of life inpsychosomatic clients undergoing cognitive-behavioral and drug treatment with clientsu MorePsychosomatic illnesses are physical illnesses in which psychological factors are influentialin their onset or exacerbation. This study aimed atcomparing anxiety and quality of life inpsychosomatic clients undergoing cognitive-behavioral and drug treatment with clientsundergoing drug treatment. The method was causal-comparative. The statistical populationincluded 70 patients who referred to Specialized Counseling and Mental Health Clinic ofLahijan from different cities of Guilan province with a diagnosis of psychosomatic illnessfrom 2013 to 2022. 38 people were selected as a statistical sample among them, in apurposeful manner and were randomly divided into two groups and 19 people in eachgroup. The first group received both drug treatment and 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioraltherapy intervention, based on the content of Beck Treatment Protocol, one and a half hoursper session per week. But the second group used only medication. Both groups were testedby the Anxiety Questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of LifeQuestionnaire. Statistical analysis method was multivariate analysis of variance usingS.SPSsoftware. The results showed that the average anxiety in the cognitive-behavioraland drug group (first group) and in the drug therapy group (second group) were differentand this difference was significant. Also, the average quality of life in the first group and inthe second group were different and this difference was significant. Therefore, alongwithdrug therapy, counseling expertise can be effectively used to reduce anxiety and increasethe quality of life of psychosomatic patients and treat mental disorders, in psychiatriccenters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on the Cognitive Flexibility of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Mina Dekani Mohammad Kazem Fakhri Ramzan HassanzadehAbstractPeople with diabetes face psychological challenges. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to treatments based on commitment and acceptance and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in this field. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness MoreAbstractPeople with diabetes face psychological challenges. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to treatments based on commitment and acceptance and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in this field. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of commitment and acceptance based cognitive therapy on cognitive flexibility of patients with type 2 diabetes. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a witness group. The statistical population of the current study was all type 2 diabetic patients who referred to Maternal Diabetes Center, Tubi Specialized and Subspecialized Clinic, and Mostafavian Clinic in Sari city in 2018-2019. 30 people were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method. Simple randomization was performed in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. Dennis and Vanderwaal (2010) cognitive flexibility scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and multivariate covariance analysis and post hoc test were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that treatment based on commitment and acceptance and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness are effective on distress tolerance and cognitive flexibility of patients with type 2 diabetes at a significance level of P<0.01. Also, there is no significant difference between this type of treatment. Considering the effectiveness of treatments based on commitment and acceptance and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on cognitive flexibility, it seems that this treatment can be used to reduce the psychological problems of patients with type 2 diabetes.Keywords: commitment and acceptance, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, cognitive flexibility, type 2 diabetes.1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - A Study of the Characters of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter Based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of Positive Freedom and Love
فائزه هرمز نژاد ایوب دبیریAbstractThis research studied J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of positive freedom or acceptance of freedom. Based on Fromm&rsq MoreAbstractThis research studied J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of positive freedom or acceptance of freedom. Based on Fromm’s ideas in Escape from Freedom, Harry and his friends are spontaneous and free individuals who move to positive freedom stage. In his Art of loving Fromm explores the ways which lead to this stage. He believed that love and productive work are the ways leading to self-independence and integration. On the other hand, self-destruction is the negative freedom which destroys self-integration. Love according to Fromm is giving, not receiving and the mature love is the one which is accompanied with care, responsibility, respect and knowledge and ultimately leads to integration. This research studied Harry Potter novels which are about a boy who didn’t misuse others and friends while he was undoubtedly popular in magical world and he not only protected them but also scarified his own life when he understood the truth that the defeat of Voldemort was dependent on his own death. He chose love and sacrifice in contrast to Tom Riddle who had changed his identity to Voldemort because he hated common things and names. He did not have any real friends, posed power in the worst destructive ways, tortured others and murdered them because he considered them as threats to his own goal of reaching immortality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - Survey the Role of Women with an Emphasis on the Figurine of Elam
Amir Ghaedi Behzad Balmaki Lily Givar -
Open Access Article
452 - Environmental management of sanitary wastewater sludge (bio-solids) to produce compost and compare it for replacement with conventional chemical fertilizers
Shahram Lasemi Ebrahim Alaie Reza Arjmandi Amir Hesam HassaniCurrently, the environmental management of wastewater sludge is a major challenge in environmental engineering. New effective solutions for wastewater treatment lead to improved final effluent quality but significantly increase the volume of wastewater sludge produced. MoreCurrently, the environmental management of wastewater sludge is a major challenge in environmental engineering. New effective solutions for wastewater treatment lead to improved final effluent quality but significantly increase the volume of wastewater sludge produced. This study investigated the environmental management status of the sewage sludge of the sanitary treatment plant of the Mahmoudabad Cultural, Recreational, and Sports Complex affiliated to the National Oil Company to produce compost and compare it for replacement with conventional chemical fertilizers.The present study is descriptive-cross-sectional. The required sludge was prepared from the sludge dryer beds of the wastewater treatment plant of Mahmoudabad Cultural, Recreational, and Sports Complex, and the method used was aerobic sludge compost by the wind. Windrow size was 1/2 m high, 1.5 m wide, and 2.5 m long and was performed in 3 stages of 20 days.This study showed that the percentage of organic matter in the compost obtained from the municipal sewage sludge of Mahmoud Abad is of good quality. Changes in temperature, pH, percentage of carbon and nitrogen in the samples were in the acceptable range. Considering the environmental conditions and nutritional needs of plants, it can be said that bio fertilizers and especially compost from wastewater treatment, can play a positive role in plant growth and yield under drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - Altered expression of long noncoding RNAs and p53 as a possible genetic signature in luminal A invasive breast ductal carcinoma
Nahal Eshghifar Fatemeh Rouhollah Nooshin Barikrow Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili Mohammad TaheriIntroduction: Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among females. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a significant population of non-coding RNAs with well-defined functions in both adjacent normal cells and tumorigenesis. Miss expres MoreIntroduction: Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among females. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a significant population of non-coding RNAs with well-defined functions in both adjacent normal cells and tumorigenesis. Miss expression of them has been associated with the development of different kinds of cancers.Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in 3 lncRNAs and p53 in tissue samples of a group of women with luminal type A breast adenocarcinoma.Material and method: In this case-control study, the expression levels of p53 and three lncRNAs were evaluated in association with luminal A breast cancer in 80 ductal carcinoma tumors and adjacent normal breast tissues.Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of the mentioned genes. The data were analyzed using t-tests.Result: The expression levels of IGFBP7-AS1, and RHPN1-AS1, showed a significant increase (P>0.05) while P53 and LINC00861 had a significant decrease in expression level in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues (P> 0.05). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve indicated the diagnostic power of LINC00861 in differentiating tumor tissues from adjacent normal tissue with 90% sensitivity and 96% specificity, which can also interact with P53.Based on the area under the curve (AUC) value, expression of Linc00861, p53, RHPN1-AS1, and IGFBP-AS1 genes can help to differentiate patients from healthy individuals with diagnostic power of 0/855, 0/824, 0/778, and 0/659, respectively.Conclusion: The key roles of the latest genes in the control of cancer-related pathways and the dysregulation of their expression in studied malignancies imply that they can be exploited as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and possible therapeutic targets. Here, the roles of lncRNAs in invasive breast ductal carcinoma type luminal A and their importance in prognosis and patient treatment are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - The effect of eight weeks of endurance training on some blood coagulation indices in elderly male Wistar rats.
Mahdi Rahimi mostafa teymuri kharviBackground and Objective: An important part of cases related to sudden death and heart attack in the elderly can be attributed to obstruction of cerebral and coronary arteries due to thrombosis due to increased platelet count and activity. Therefore, the present study a MoreBackground and Objective: An important part of cases related to sudden death and heart attack in the elderly can be attributed to obstruction of cerebral and coronary arteries due to thrombosis due to increased platelet count and activity. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training on some blood coagulation indices were designed in elderly male Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a post-test with two groups (endurance training and control). In this study, we tried to control all research variables. These variables include the same food and water, the same storage temperature and humidity (23±2 ° C and relative humidity of /055±5), the same sleep and light cycle (12:12), the same gender and health status), all male and female The main training program included running on a treadmill with increasing duration and following the principle of overload from 25 minutes to 54 minutes and changing the training speed from 15 to 20 meters per minute. This program lasted for 8 minutes. 5 sessions per week were performed per week, to warm up the animals at the beginning of each training session for 3 minutes at a speed of 7 meters per minute and then to reach the desired speed per minute, 2 meters per minute was added to the treadmill speed To cool the body at the end of each session, the speed was reduced inversely to reach the initial speed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - The effect of spirulina supplementation with aerobic exercise on changes in myostatin, follisatin and fat mass in overweight middle-aged people
Seyed amir KalaliAbstractIntroduction: Overweight and obesity is one of the main problems in today's world that can progress with age and cause various diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Consumption of the spirulina supplement with aerobic exerci MoreAbstractIntroduction: Overweight and obesity is one of the main problems in today's world that can progress with age and cause various diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Consumption of the spirulina supplement with aerobic exercise on changes in myostatin, follistatin and fat mass in overweight middle-aged people. Materials and Methods: 35 subjects were randomly divided into three groups: control (n = 11), supplement group (spirulina+aerobic exercise) (n = 12), and placebo (placebo+aerobic exercise) (n = 12). Aerobic exercise was performed with an intensity of 60 to 75% of maximum heart rate for eight weeks with three sessions per week. Also, four grams of spirulina supplement was taken daily. Anthropometric variables, follistatin and myostatin, were measured before and after training. To analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance was used and the significance level was considered <0.05. Results: No significant differences were observed between the groups of serum levels of follisatin (p = 0.250), myostatin (p = 0.099) and body fat (p = 0.564). However, intragroup changes showed that body fat was significantly reduced in the supplement and placebo groups (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The use of aerobic exercise and spirulina supplementation, despite not having an effect on follisatin and myostatin, can have a positive effect on the improvement of body composition.Keywords: Aerobic Exercise, Spirulina Supplement, Follistatin, Myostatin Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Determination of Optimal Capacity and Location of Distributed Generations in Radial Distribution Systems using Krill Herd Algorithm
Aref Karimi Hossein shayeghi -
Open Access Article
457 - Design and Simulation of X Band LNA for Aircraft Receiver
mehdi Samadi ali rostami ali sahafi -
Open Access Article
458 - Diagnosis of brain tumor using PNN neural networks
elahe alipoor azar Nasser Lotfivand -
Open Access Article
459 - Diagnosis of brain tumor using image processing and determination of its type with RVM neural networks
elahe alipoor azar Nasser Lotfivand -
Open Access Article
460 - An all optical photonic crystal based FSK demodulator suitable for optical communications
akram asghari govar -
Open Access Article
461 - Sliding Mode Control for Single-degree-of-freedom Nonlinear Structures
leila fatemi -
Open Access Article
462 - Analyzing the role of spatial planning in neighborhoods in order to maintain and strengthen urban identity Case study: Historical neighborhoods and new neighborhoods (Mulla Sadra neighborhood) in Qazvin
Mahsa Karimi Manouchehr Tabibian masoud elahi -
Open Access Article
463 - Reflection of Economic Developments on the System of Livelihood and Spatial Activity of Rural Housing
Zahra Beygom Taghavi Kamal Rahbarimanesh Maryam Armaghan -
Open Access Article
464 - Successful intelligence, wisdom, and creativity in gifted and normal student's achievement
مهدی عربزاده زهره یارمحمدی پروین کدیورAbstract: Successful intelligence, wisdom, and creativity in gifted and normal student's achievement The main purpose of this study was to predict students' achievement, based on Successful intelligence, wisdom and creativity. The research method was descriptive and co MoreAbstract: Successful intelligence, wisdom, and creativity in gifted and normal student's achievement The main purpose of this study was to predict students' achievement, based on Successful intelligence, wisdom and creativity. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all female high school students. Among those, a sample of 260 subjects were randomly selected. Successful intelligence (Sternberg), wisdom (Ardelt), and creativity questionnaire (Abedi), were administered. Data were analyzed by, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Findings indicated that there is significant correlation between Successful intelligence and wisdom with students' achievement. Multiple regression analysis revealed that wisdom and creativity variables could explain 17% of the variance of normal student's achievement. Successful intelligence variable could explain 10% of the gifted student's achievement . In conclusion, finding of this study indicated the role of successful intelligence, wisdom and creativity in academic achievement. Keywords: Successful intelligence, wisdom, creativity, achievement Keywords: Successful intelligence, wisdom, creativity, achievement Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - The causal model of academic achievement based on the hardiness and perception of the classroom environment with the mediation of academic engagement
Fozieh Elhampour hamzeh Ganji Kadije Abolmaali AlhosaniAbstract Academic achievement is one of the indicators of the academic success and development of societies. The aim of this study was to explain a model of causal prediction of students' academi achievement based on hardiness and perception of the classroom environment MoreAbstract Academic achievement is one of the indicators of the academic success and development of societies. The aim of this study was to explain a model of causal prediction of students' academi achievement based on hardiness and perception of the classroom environment by mediation of the academic engagement. Research method was correlation. A sample size of 300 of all (1411) male and female students of the third grade in empirical science course of high school in Dezful in 1393-94 was selected using multi-stage random sampling. They answered Kobasa.'S hardiness questionnaire (1994), Reliability =0/68,Index fit (GFI=0/93, RMSEA=0/074), Gentry, Gable and Rizza perception of the classroom environment (2002), Reliability=0/81, (GFI=0/93 (RMSEA=0/063) and Pintrich & De Groot academic engagement (1994), Reliability=0/90, (GFI=0/94, RMSEA=0/058).The data analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results showed that model, was good fit by data. Direct effect of the academic engagement on academic achievement was0/32, perception of the classroom environment on academic engagement was 0/758 and Indirect effect of the perception of the classroom environment on academic achievement by mediation of the academic engagement was0/24, which all (p<0/0001) were meaningful. Effect of the hardiness on academic achievement was -0/29 (p<0/0001) and meaningful. On the whole, hardiness and perception of the classroom environment explained16/7% of the variance of academic achievement and perception of the classroom environment explained 57/9 % of the variance of academic engagement. Thus, it is necessary that planners and teachers provide opportunities for activating and benefiting from challenging assignments for students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - pshodrama
shahla ghasemi fariba yazdkhasti hamidreza ariziEffectiveness of Psychodrama on early maladaptive schemas and behavioral-emotional problems in young girls with single parent Ghasemi RahmatAbadi, SH., Yazdikhsasti, F., Orayzi, HM Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Psychodrama o MoreEffectiveness of Psychodrama on early maladaptive schemas and behavioral-emotional problems in young girls with single parent Ghasemi RahmatAbadi, SH., Yazdikhsasti, F., Orayzi, HM Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Psychodrama on early maladaptive schemas and behavioral- emotional problems in young girls with single parent. The statistical population of this study were all of high school girls with single parent in Isfahan city. Among this population 30 students were selected by convenience sampling and assigned randomly in one experimental (n=15) and one control (n=15) group. 10 weekly sessions of Psychodrama were administrated for experimental group, but the control was received no intervention. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. The results showed that Psychodrama reduced the rate of early maladaptive schemas and behavioral- emotional problems. Based on the results of this study, Psychodrama can be considered as an effective intervention for improvement of the intensity of early maladaptive schemas and behavioral-emotional problems in young girls with single parent. Keywords: Psychodrama, early maladaptive schemas, behavioral-emotional problems Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - Identifying the components of study management in secondary schools
Fatemeh Sabbagh Saeed Alizadeh Hossein Ali Jahid Reza Sourani Mahmonir ByanatiThis study was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of learning management in secondary schools. The research method was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The research sample for the semi-structured interviews was 12 activ MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of learning management in secondary schools. The research method was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The research sample for the semi-structured interviews was 12 active experts in the field of educational management to identify the indicators of the study management model in secondary schools, who were selected in a targeted manner. The validity of the qualitative part was of construct and convergent validity and was approved. Qualitative data analysis in this study was done with the foundational data analysis method and with three stages of coding. MAXQDA software was used for qualitative content analysis. From the analysis of the qualitative data of the research, in the open coding stage, the initial conceptual codes were obtained. The findings showed that the paradigms resulting from the qualitative data analysis of the foundation are: indicators of contextual categories: indicators of encouragement and persuasion to innovation, efforts to improve skills, improving teachers' responsibility, realistic education, exploratory education, problem-solving education and critical thinking education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
468 - the effectiveness of training based on commitment and acceptance on social anxiety and social adjustment in male high school students
شایسته اشرف زاده fatemeh porebrahimi sadegh baran vajihe sadat hashemi zadeh vahid manzari tavakoliAbstract This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of training based on commitment and acceptance on social anxiety and social adjustment in male high school students in Kerman. Research design was quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with random assignment. T MoreAbstract This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of training based on commitment and acceptance on social anxiety and social adjustment in male high school students in Kerman. Research design was quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with random assignment. The population of this study consisted of male students in secondary schools in Kerman second period by school counselors were referred to counseling Education Department; the number of 110 was formed. The sample included 30 high school students in the second cycle randomly through the community and divided to experimental group (15) and control group (15). Both before and after the intervention to social anxiety questionnaire Connor et al. (2003) and California social adjustment scale (1989) responded. Number of training sessions for groups of 8 sessions per week, each session 90 minutes was formed a control group did not receive any training. The results showed training based on commitment and acceptance effects on social anxiety and social adjustment male high school students in Kerman. Keywords: training based on commitment and acceptance, social anxiety, social adjustment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
469 - The contribution of components of the Quality of Learning Experiences in predicting the Quality of School Life
Elaheh Habibi Ramiani Yousef Adib Rahim Badri GargariThe aim of this study was to determine contribution of components of the Quality of Learning Experiences (resource, context, Flexibility, Quality of Teacher-Student relationship) in predicting the Quality of School Life (general satisfaction, negative affect, satisfacti MoreThe aim of this study was to determine contribution of components of the Quality of Learning Experiences (resource, context, Flexibility, Quality of Teacher-Student relationship) in predicting the Quality of School Life (general satisfaction, negative affect, satisfaction from teaching of teachers, social correlation, feel satisfied from the opportunities of provided in the class, feel satisfied from success, feel the enjoying of adventure in class) the first level of high school students. The research method is descriptive correlation. The study population, the first level of high school female students city of Tabriz in the academic year 2015-2016 who were selected through Cochrane table and multi-stage cluster sampling method with 378 students. To collect the data, Neuman's Quality of Learning Experience questionnaire and Ainly and Bourke's Quality of School Life questionnaire were used. For data analysis descriptive and inferential statistic (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression) were used. The results showed that there is positive and significant relationship between Quality of Learning Experience and Quality of School Life except negative affect. Also context component indicate the Quality of School Life positively and significantly P<0/01. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - Title:Study and Evaluate the effectiveness of non-formal curriculum (extracurricular activities) on social skills of educators at Farhangian University –Mazandaran branch
Said AHMAD HASHEMI Seyedeh Batoul HosseiniAbstract: This study has been designed to investigate the effectiveness of non-formal curriculum (extracurricular activities) on social skills of educators (students who work as a teacher after graduating) at Farhangian University- Mazandaran branch. The outline of the MoreAbstract: This study has been designed to investigate the effectiveness of non-formal curriculum (extracurricular activities) on social skills of educators (students who work as a teacher after graduating) at Farhangian University- Mazandaran branch. The outline of the study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-post test with a control group. Multi-stage cluster sampling method has been also used and number of samples in the study was 30 people. Data were collected by questionnaire Matson social skills (1983) . The data has been analyzed using statistical software SPSS-20 and analysis of covariance has been performed. Analysis of the data after the implementation of non-formal curriculum (extracurricular activities) showed that after controlling the initial differences in pre-testa there is a significant difference between the average scores of pre and post tests of the test group for the social skills (P<0.001). In other words, the provision of non-formal curriculum or extracurricular activities is effective in increasing appropriate social skills of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
471 - effectiveness of inductive induction loading training in comparison with the most commonly used method for student learning in the first grade secondary math course in Azna
khalil ghaffari bahman sharahi hossein davoodi masoom khonsariAbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of inductive induction loading training in comparison with the most commonly used method for student learning in the first grade secondary math course in Azna. The statistical population of this stu MoreAbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of inductive induction loading training in comparison with the most commonly used method for student learning in the first grade secondary math course in Azna. The statistical population of this study was the total number of 519 students of the 7th grade schoolchildren of the first high schools ,45 of whom were randomly selected by single-stage cluster sampling in three groups of 15 (one class with inductive approach, one Class with a classical and class approach, with a traditional and common approach) was selected as a statistical sample. In order to collect information about the amount of learning in the two experimental and control groups, the teacher's academic achievement test was used. In experimental groups teaching mathematics lessons, in a class with inductive approach, and in another class with a deductive approach, they were trained in a month for 8 sessions of the academic year, and simultaneously, the control group was trained with the usual teaching method. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (independent t-test and covariance analysis) were used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the first experimental group had a better educational achievement scores with inductive approach than the other two groups and the research hypothesis was confirmed. In addition, the results showed that the inductive approach, in which good examples were first introduced and then the rule expressed , had a greater impact on student learning in mathematical lessons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - Structural model of executive functions in predicting the performance of students with learning disabilities learning
hadi taghizadeh amanoll soltani hamdolla manzari zahra zaynodinyAbstractcause:The aim of the study was to investigate the role of executive functions (transfer, retention, update, continuous operation and Planning Organization) in predicting the performance of students with learning disabilities were learning. Methods: For this stud MoreAbstractcause:The aim of the study was to investigate the role of executive functions (transfer, retention, update, continuous operation and Planning Organization) in predicting the performance of students with learning disabilities were learning. Methods: For this study, 116 primary school students with learning disabilities were selected by random sampling. Measuring instruments used in this study include: WCST, Stroop complex task, Tower of London, working memory test and CPT. To be independent variables predicting academic performance through research and variance explanation of academic performance LISREL structural equation modeling was used. Results: The results showed that among the executive functions, variable response inhibition and working memory more contributions in predicting academic performance of students with learning disabilities in reading, writing and math are. Conclusion: executive functions response inhibition, working memory as a cognitive activity in learning reading, writing and mathematics is essential. Thus, according to the capacity of working memory and response inhibition learners efficient process design and provide training and educational materials that the ultimate goal of all of them create, expand or facilitate learning, provide positive effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - An investigation of levels and consequences of lesson-study-based empowerment teachers and test of intervening role of facilitating factors; report of a mixed-method research
Roghaieh sami Moosa Piri behname talebiThis study aimed at discovering,qualitatively, levels, consequences, and facilitating factors of lesson-study-based empowerment , and investigating, quantitatively, intervening role of facilitating factors on consequences of primary school teachers' empowerment . During MoreThis study aimed at discovering,qualitatively, levels, consequences, and facilitating factors of lesson-study-based empowerment , and investigating, quantitatively, intervening role of facilitating factors on consequences of primary school teachers' empowerment . During qualitative stage, using purposeful sampling strategies, related texts were extracted from upper-hand documents, bylaws, theoretical backgrounds , and interviews with participants (n=13). Then, levels, consequences, and facilitators of empowerment were detected through inductive content analysis . In quantitative stage, first, the qualitative data were turned into a questionnaire, face and content validity of which were approved based on scholarly remark. Construct validity was calculated by distributing the questionnaire among 676 teachers. Second , to determine the intervening role of facilitating factors, a standardized questionnaire was distributed among some teachers , head teachers, administrative experts and scholars participating in the qualitative phase (n=223), all being selected based on judgmental sampling. The results of structural equations modeling revealed that the effect of predictive variables (levels of empowerment and facilitators) on dependent variable (consequences) was statistically positive and significant (p≤05). Based on the GOF standard, the general fitness of the model was calculated to be strong (0.583). The intervening role of facilitators, was completely confirmed based on the results of Sobel Test (9.18). Furthermore, the results of the VAF Test showed that the intervening variable had an intermediate effect intensity in the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - The effect of teaching emotion regulation strategies on concentration and problem solving of gifted students in 10th to 12th grades in Bojnourd city in 2021
mohsen mohammadi tina mohammadi saeed rezayiResearch has shown that one of the main problems of gifted students is in concentrating and problem solving. Different techniques have been used to treat and rehabilitate these children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of teaching emotion regulation strategie MoreResearch has shown that one of the main problems of gifted students is in concentrating and problem solving. Different techniques have been used to treat and rehabilitate these children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of teaching emotion regulation strategies on the concentration and problem solving of gifted students. This research was quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group. The study population included all the male students in tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade who were studying in Bojnourd in 2021 academic year, and 75 people were randomly selected by using the Cochran's formula. Because of Corona Pandemic 30 people participated in our study that they were divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 9 sessions of 60 minutes under a training program called "Cognitive Reconstruction", but the control group received no intervention. Focus Skills Questionnaire and the revised Social Problem Solving Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Data analysis were analyzed by covariance. Findings showed that teaching emotion regulation strategies had a significant effect on improving the concentration and problem solving of gifted students. So applying these strategies can improve the ability to focus and solve problems in gifted students and improve the performance of these children in different areas of education and live.Keywords: emotion regulation, concentration, problem solving, gifted students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - The effectiveness of modular cognitive behavior therapy (MCBT) on tolerance of uncertainty, loneliness and risky behavior in martyr students
Davood Razi Roodi khadijeh Arjmand elnaz foroughi Ali Akbar SamariAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of modular cognitive behavior therapy (MCBT) on tolerance of uncertainty, loneliness and risky behavior in martyr students. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female high school MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of modular cognitive behavior therapy (MCBT) on tolerance of uncertainty, loneliness and risky behavior in martyr students. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female high school students who attended high school in Shahid Khorasan Razavi in Torbat Heydarieh during the academic year of 1397-98. The statistical population was selected based on available sampling method and based on the score of three questionnaires of uncertainty tolerance (Fristen et al., 1994), the questionnaire Loneliness (Russell & Ferguson, 1995) and High Risk Behavior Questionnaire (Shafie, 1391). In the pre-test, 30 people who had entry and exit criteria were selected as samples. The 30 subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups of 15. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 90 minutes of modular cognitive behavior therapy and the control group was on the waiting list. Also, for analysis of data, one and multi-variance analysis of covariance analysis was used and to accelerate the results of SPSS-22 software. The results of this study showed that modular cognitive behavior therapy (MCBT) of the process unit significantly increased uncertainty tolerance and decreased loneliness in martyr students, but did not significantly affect the high risk behaviors in students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - Effectiveness of self-regulatory learning strategies and academic motivation training program in increasing the academic satisfaction of second-cycle secondary school female students of the city of Ilam
aref pirani yahya yarahmadi Hamzeh Ahmadian Zabih PiraniAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-regulatory skills training and promotion of academic motivation in second-cycle secondary school female students of the city of Ilam. In a semi-experimental research, 72 female students were MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-regulatory skills training and promotion of academic motivation in second-cycle secondary school female students of the city of Ilam. In a semi-experimental research, 72 female students were randomly selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research design was pretest-posttest with control group.. After the pre-test, the self-regulation training program and academic motivation programs were performed for a period of 8 weeks for each variable , Weekly 1 session, for 1/5 hours, and at the end the post-test was executed. Shiikh al-Islami and Ahmadi's educational satisfaction questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire has 30 items that have been compiled in a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire has four subscales including the satisfaction of the school, the satisfaction with the field of study, the satisfaction of the teachers and the attitude to education. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of academic satisfaction, satisfaction with the school, attitude toward education and satisfaction with teachers. The findings also showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group in terms of satisfaction with the field of study and there was no significant difference between the academic satisfaction of the experimental groups.Therefore, Self-regulatory and educational motivation training can be effective on students' academic satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - The Effect of Integrative Social and Emotional Learning Program on Students' Psycho-social Competencies
rahim badri eskandar fathi mahmood mirnasab gafoor ehrariThe aim of this study was to explore the effects of integrative Social and Emotional Learning Program on Students' Psycho-social Competencies. In this study we focused on five accepted competences suggested by CASEL (Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Lea MoreThe aim of this study was to explore the effects of integrative Social and Emotional Learning Program on Students' Psycho-social Competencies. In this study we focused on five accepted competences suggested by CASEL (Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning). Methodology: fifth and sixth grade kids at elementary schools in Saghez has been chosen as control (n=62) and experimental (n=92), based on Quasi-Experimental intact groups and whole school approach method. The psycho-social skills have been instructed for 14 sessions (45 minutes). Zhou and Ee's (2012) Social- Emotional Questionnaire was used to probe the results. Results: the data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The intervention showed the significant differences in self-awareness and self- control between the control and experimental groups, but there were no significant differences in social- awareness, social control and responsible decision making. Conclusion: based on these findings, concerning mental disorders and whole child development and wellbeing, students' psychosocial competencies would improve, hopefully. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Assessment of factors influencing the quality of physical education course from sport teachers viewpoints
reza jafari ahmad sajadi hosin kordlo hosin ali mohamadiThe aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the quality of physical education course in Kashan. The research method is descriptive survey.In order to collect data questionnaire was used. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the quality of physical education course in Kashan. The research method is descriptive survey.In order to collect data questionnaire was used. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts andthe reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (87/0).The statistical population was all sport teachers of Kashan and the sample included 79 sports teachers (40 female and 39 male).In order to analyze the data was used one sample t-test, independent t and Friedman (05 / 0P≤). The results showed that from the perspective of sports teachers,educational purpose, educational program, educational context, method of teaching, specialty of physical education teachers, their experiences, budget, facilities, attitude and evaluation higher than average (high) affect the quality of physical education course. The findings also showed that factors influencing the quality of physical education course in order of priority are: 1- facilities 2- attitude 3- budget 4- the specialty of teachers 5- educational program 6- educational purpose 7- experience of teachers 8- method of teaching 9- educational context 10- evaluation.Comparison of male and female sports teachers about the factors influencing the quality of physical education did not show any significant differences. Also more effective for men than women have expressed in evaluation component. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - Recognition of the quality aspects and components of the curriculum is based on Delibrative Inquiry
javad jahan alireza faghihi zabih piraniThe present study aimed to Recognition of the quality aspects and components of the curriculum is based on Delibrative Inquiry and analyze according to experts' point of view on the field of Deliberative Inquiry Curriculum. In this study, the qualitative and phenomenolo MoreThe present study aimed to Recognition of the quality aspects and components of the curriculum is based on Delibrative Inquiry and analyze according to experts' point of view on the field of Deliberative Inquiry Curriculum. In this study, the qualitative and phenomenological methodology was used. Participants in the study included ten professors in the field of Deliberative Inquiry Curriculum who were purposefully selected. Semi – structured interviews was used in order to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed by categorization and thematic coding. Research findings according to experts' view indicated that Deliberative Inquiry Curriculum with an emphasis on epistemology and axiology included 120 conceptual codes and seven main components: reflection oriented, fostering thinking, art and aesthetics, perception, problem solving, decision making, skill base, and professional development and 53 sub – components of the deliberative inquiry curriculum. Results showed that inclusion of deliberative inquiry curriculum in the curriculum of University and education Campuses, together with schools interactions with other social institutions provide the necessary conditions to train student. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Studying the structural model of psychological nerve skills of executive actions in academic performance of students with special learning disorder
hadi taghizadeh amanollah soltani hamdollah manzari zahra zienoldiniDue to the fact that the factors affecting the knowledge of the specific learning disorder are very little considered, the necessity of identifying and studying the actions in the particular learning disorder is felt moreThe aim of the study was to investigate the role MoreDue to the fact that the factors affecting the knowledge of the specific learning disorder are very little considered, the necessity of identifying and studying the actions in the particular learning disorder is felt moreThe aim of the study was to investigate the role of executive functions (transfer, retention, update, continuous operation and Planning Organization) in predicting the performance of students with learning disabilities were learning. For this study, 116 primary school students with learning disabilities were selected by random sampling. Measuring instruments used in this study include: WCST, Stroop complex task, Tower of London, working memory test and CPT. To be independent variables predicting academic performance through research and variance explanation of academic performance LISREL structural equation modeling was used. The results showed that among the executive functions, variable response inhibition and working memory more contributions in predicting academic performance of students with learning disabilities in reading, writing and math are. Conclusion: executive functions response inhibition, working memory as a cognitive activity in learning reading, writing and mathematics is essential. Thus, according to the capacity of working memory and response inhibition learners efficient process design and provide training and educational materials that the ultimate goal of all of them create, expand or facilitate learning, provide positive effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Evaluate the components of transnational higher education in higher education of Iran
mahdi sharifi fariba karimi narges saedianIn recent years international higher education has become one of the key objectives of higher education policy makers around the world. Promotion global internet networks and development of knowledge-based, intertwined national economies and advantages and benefits of i MoreIn recent years international higher education has become one of the key objectives of higher education policy makers around the world. Promotion global internet networks and development of knowledge-based, intertwined national economies and advantages and benefits of internationalization, Prompteduniversities to reflect this change in activity and need to obtain appropriate and rational policies and strategies the more than in the past.The present study is aimed to evaluate the effective components on transnational higher education in higher education of Iran. The study methodology is qualitative and thematic analysis. The data were collected and extracted of 40 papers being indexed in scientific bases during 1990-2015. Based on thematic analysis, transnational higher education components were classified on structural and organizational components with 6 organizing and 25 basic themes, educational and research components with 4 organizing and 8 basic themes and cultural components with 2 organizing and 6 basic themes and relevant theme structure were considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - Evaluate the components of transnational higher education in higher education of Iran
mohammad liaghatdar majid amiri setareh mosaviIn recent years international higher education has become one of the key objectives of higher education policy makers around the world. Promotion global internet networks and development of knowledge-based, intertwined national economies and advantages and benefits of i MoreIn recent years international higher education has become one of the key objectives of higher education policy makers around the world. Promotion global internet networks and development of knowledge-based, intertwined national economies and advantages and benefits of internationalization, Prompteduniversities to reflect this change in activity and need to obtain appropriate and rational policies and strategies the more than in the past.The present study is aimed to evaluate the effective components on transnational higher education in higher education of Iran. The study methodology is qualitative and thematic analysis. The data were collected and extracted of 40 papers being indexed in scientific bases during 1990-2015. Based on thematic analysis, transnational higher education components were classified on structural and organizational components with 6 organizing and 25 basic themes, educational and research components with 4 organizing and 8 basic themes and cultural components with 2 organizing and 6 basic themes and relevant theme structure were considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - The Relationship between Academic Self -Regulation and Responsibility with Test Anxiety in Female Students
abbasali hossinkhanzadeh mahbobeh taher zahra seydnori zohreh habibi fatemeh behzadfar hatam mohammadiTest anxiety is a tension mode that can lead to reduction of academic performance, poor learning, and level of grades. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between academic self-regulation and responsibility with test anxiety in female students. Des MoreTest anxiety is a tension mode that can lead to reduction of academic performance, poor learning, and level of grades. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between academic self-regulation and responsibility with test anxiety in female students. Design of research was descriptive from correlational method. The statistical population included all of female high school students of Rasht city in 2013-2014 academic years that 128 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling method and they completed academic self-regulation (Kanel & Ryan, 1987), responsibility (Kordloo, 2010), and test anxiety (Abolghasemi, 2000) scales. Results of the Pearson of correlation coefficient showed there are significant negative correlation between test anxiety with total score of self-regulation and subscales internal self-regulation and intrinsic motivation and positive significant relationship with extrinsic motivation (p<0/05). Also the results showed there significant negative correlation between test anxiety with subscales sense of security, self-esteem, a sense of belonging and, responsibility (internal commitment) there is a significant negative correlation (p<0/05). Results of regression analysis showed that among predictor variables, subscales internal self-regulation, intrinsic motivation, and responsibility (internal commitment) could be predict 35 percent of changes of test anxiety of female students hierarchically. The test anxiety can be managed by strengthening academic self-regulation and responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Analysis of the phenomenon and ways of generation gap Overcome with An Educational Approach
mahbobeh soleymanporomranGap and generation gap is the transition from traditional society to an industrial Evidence. This phenomenon has occurred throughout history in different ways. For Socrates and civilizations such as the Sumerians happened And in a garden And Nahjolbalagheh are rec MoreGap and generation gap is the transition from traditional society to an industrial Evidence. This phenomenon has occurred throughout history in different ways. For Socrates and civilizations such as the Sumerians happened And in a garden And Nahjolbalagheh are recorded Shows that this issue is rooted in the long history of humanity. The research method is descriptive-analytic Ybvd that has been done through library and note taking tool. The findings showed that teachers, parents and administrators a country should be familiar with the factors affecting this phenomenon and its side effects to know. Cultural practices and proper education, the proportion of advertising practices with the needs of each course, knowing the characteristics of young, educated think and act properly to young people and to avoid inducing thoughts, beliefs and values, changes in the educational system and its methods, love, respect for the younger generation, change in education, religion, participation in the affairs of the new generation of society and development of new patterns while maintaining the individuality of youth can reduce the speed of this phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - Communication Patterns, Motivation Achievement, Academic Self-Concept
ebrahim sadeghi anahta tashak masood fazilatporThis study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of academic self-concept in the relationship between family communication patterns and achievement motivation. The present study is correlational type of study. The study population included 13000 students of Ke MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of academic self-concept in the relationship between family communication patterns and achievement motivation. The present study is correlational type of study. The study population included 13000 students of Kerman Shahid Bahonar University, which 380 (150 males, 230 females) were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Participants completed the Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire (Fitzpatrick and Ritchie, 1997), Academic Self-concept Questionnaire (Li Yu and Wang, 2005), and Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (Herman, 1970). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis test. The results showed that family communication patterns positively and significantly predict the academic self-concept and academic self-concept positively and significantly predict the achievement motivation. Communication patterns through a mediator variable of academic self-concept predict the achievement motivation. As a result, as general effects of two direct and non-direct paths increase, dimensions of family communication patterns and academic self-concept will have a mediating role for academic self-concepts in the relationship between communication patterns and achievement motivation. It is concluded that by training and paying more attention to the relationship between the family and self-concept of people, we can increase the achievement motivation of people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - investigated about Evaluation of Supervision performance of Elementary school’s manager And its relationship with job motivation of teachers schools
afshin miri abdollah parsa hamid farhadiradThis research investigated about Evaluation of Supervision performance of Elementary school’s manager And its relationship with job motivation of teachers schools year 2013-2014 in Andimishek City. The population includes all of elementary teachers in Andimishek t MoreThis research investigated about Evaluation of Supervision performance of Elementary school’s manager And its relationship with job motivation of teachers schools year 2013-2014 in Andimishek City. The population includes all of elementary teachers in Andimishek that they’re about 380 people that choose 191 people random as sample. For collecting information was used three kind of questioners. That one of them is based 5 rate Likert to evaluate monitoring performance of managers with 28 questions and another one with 4 rate Likert to evaluate motivated teachers with 11 questions. Stability of monitoring performance of mangers questioners are 0.87 and stability of motivated teacher questioners with Cronbach’s Alpha formula are about 0.95. Tool’s vitality approved by honorable experts and professors of university. A collected givens analyzed with utilization of descriptive statistics similar average, standard deviation and also deduction statistics similar independent T-test, the correlation coefficient of Pearson, Multiple regression and also one way Variance analysis. Results demonstrated that monitoring performance of managers in human dimensions - socialism and educational - professional hasn’t appropriate position, but organization - office dimensions has suitable position. There is meaningful relationship between monitoring performance of managers and three dimensions with motivated teachers. In middle of three dimensional of monitoring performance of managers, Only education - professional dimension has meaningful effect on motivate teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
487 - Examining the relationship between self-regulated learning and thinking styles with the homework purposes of the students
ali rezaei sharif ali khaleghkhah homeyra ahmadi mamakaniThe present study attempted to investigate the relationship between self-regulated learning, thinking styles and the homework purposes of students. Sample of 347 students (175 boys and 172 girls) were selected from the high school of Ardabil city by the stratified sampl MoreThe present study attempted to investigate the relationship between self-regulated learning, thinking styles and the homework purposes of students. Sample of 347 students (175 boys and 172 girls) were selected from the high school of Ardabil city by the stratified sampling method. The results were collected from the self-regulated learning strategies questionnaire (Pintrich& De Groot, 1990), thinking styles Inventory (Sternberg & Wagner, 1992) and HPS (Xu, 2010). The results showed that there was a positive relationship and significant between self-regulated learning and homework purpose understanding of students and self-regulated learning showed itself a stronger predictor for learning-oriented reasons homework purposes. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between three types of thinking styles and learning-oriented reasons. Also, enter multiple regression analysis showed that executive thinking style is a stronger predictor for understanding of homework purpose understanding of students. The results of the present research revealed not only the importance of adoption of learning-oriented reasons of homework purposes by the students, but also the importance of their adoption of executive thinking style in the educational system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Predicting Academic Adjustment Based on Academic self-concept with mediating role of Family Cohesion in female high school Students in Tehran
saedeh vahdati mohsen hojatkhah alireza rashidiThis study aimed to investigate the role of family cohesion mediator in the relationship between academic self-concept in predicting the academic adjustment. The research method was descriptive-correlational. statistical population included all female high school studen MoreThis study aimed to investigate the role of family cohesion mediator in the relationship between academic self-concept in predicting the academic adjustment. The research method was descriptive-correlational. statistical population included all female high school studentsin Tehran in years 2015-2016.From this community sample of 600 people, were selected by multistage cluster sampling and they were asked to complete Academic self-concept questionnaire and Academic adjustment questionnaire, Family cohesion questionnaire. Data analysis of correlation coefficients Path Analysis, AMOS-18, was done. Bootstrap test was used to test the indirect relationships. According to the results, the proposed model of the relationship between these variables had acceptable fitting. Based on findings of this study, we can conclude that family cohesion has a mediating role between academic self-concept with academic adjustment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Develop of Critical Thinking based on the Content Analysis of Attar's Mantegh-Altir
faramarz mohamadi poya sina torkashvand sohrab mohamadi poyaPresent study was aimed at identifying critical thinking evidences in Attar'sMantegh-Altirby making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis. Critical thinking was analyzed and its elements were identified through theoretical study and then critical thinking evidences MorePresent study was aimed at identifying critical thinking evidences in Attar'sMantegh-Altirby making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis. Critical thinking was analyzed and its elements were identified through theoretical study and then critical thinking evidences of Attar's Mantegh-Altirwere analyzed by content analysis. To do so, all poem of Attar's Mantegh-Altirwere studied and those with meanings related to critical thinking elements were identified and analyzed regarding two positions of each sentence, namely the address of each poem, and its related background. Findings of the study led to identifying nine elements for critical thinking (inquiring spirit, judgment with criteria, reasoning, analysis, impartiality, Methodism, objectivism, truth seeking, and flexibility), then for each element some evidences were extracted from Attar's Mantegh-Altir. Results indicate that Attar's Mantegh-Altirfirmly emphasizes on all aspects of critical thinking, especially on inquiring spirit, truth seeking and judgment with criteria. So mystical texts could be useful in the development of critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - Survey of schools hidden curriculum and offering solutions In order to reduce the negative effects and increase the positive effects
reza mirarab mahdi akbariThe purpose of this study was to survey of schools hidden curriculum and offering solutions In order to reduce the negative effects and increase the positive effects. For this purpose, a community of schools teachers and administrators of Mazandaran province was conside MoreThe purpose of this study was to survey of schools hidden curriculum and offering solutions In order to reduce the negative effects and increase the positive effects. For this purpose, a community of schools teachers and administrators of Mazandaran province was considered (4330) that a sample of 255 teachers and 71 administrators were selected by cluster sampling. Survey research was carried out using a Researcher made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was 79/0. The results show that teachers and administrators believe the negative effects of hidden curriculum are weak and the effects of positive are rich. In other words, they regard the status of the effects of the curriculum in their students' experiences as positive. In order to navigate the views of the participants, they were asked to provide the appropriate solutions in the hidden curriculum. Offered 12 solutions from view of teachers and administrators reduce the negative effects hidden curriculum. Such as Students should not be classified according to their economic situation (question 14 with average of 37/4), There is a need for group work in the school (item 7 with an average of 16/4), success in the school is not the result of unconditional obedience to the authorities (item 11 with an average of 95/3), to increase the positive effects of hidden curriculum, 10 solutions were proposed such as Students' knowledge development (with a mean of 50/4), school emphasis on students' self-awareness (with a mean of 29/4), attention to mental health of children (with a mean of 04/4). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - The role of successful intelligence, wisdom, and creativity in gifted and normal student's academic achievement
zohreh yarmohamadi mehdi arabzaeh parvin kadivarThe main purpose of this research was the forecast of the impact of successful intelligence agents, wisdom and creativity in the normal and clever student's achievement. The method of this research was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population was consiste MoreThe main purpose of this research was the forecast of the impact of successful intelligence agents, wisdom and creativity in the normal and clever student's achievement. The method of this research was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population was consisted all female students of high school in Karaj which among those a sample was randomly selected volume of 260 people (180 normal and 80 clever) with cluster sampling method. The data were gathered through successful intelligence questionnaire of Stenberg, wisdom three- dimensional scale of Ardelt and creativity of Abedi then these data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, significance test of coefficients and step-by-step regression. The findings of this study indicated the positive and significant correlation between the successful intelligence, wisdom and academic achievement. The results of step-by-step regression analysis indicate 17% of variance of academic achievement of normal students was explained by wisdom and creativity variables, and also 10% of the variance of academic achievement of clever students was explained by successful intelligence. Overall, the findings of this research emphasis the importance of wisdom, creativity and successful intelligence in forecast of academic achievement of normal and clever students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - Fatimid marine fleet in Mediterranean
hamidreza VerdiAbstract: Fatimid dynasty came to power with efforts made by Ishmaelite rebels in North Africa in 912AD (297hegira) and joined Egypt to this sovereignty in 972AD (358hegira). Following to conquest of Egypt and access to affluent wealth of this region, their expansionis MoreAbstract: Fatimid dynasty came to power with efforts made by Ishmaelite rebels in North Africa in 912AD (297hegira) and joined Egypt to this sovereignty in 972AD (358hegira). Following to conquest of Egypt and access to affluent wealth of this region, their expansionist objectives were also formed for which marine fleet was one of the requirements. The main question is that why and how Fatimid established marine fleet in Mediterranean Sea and to what extent they succeeded in this regard. The present essay is intended to express various aspects of maritime organization and developing of their activity in the maritime course in order to expand cultural and political influence in Mediterranean Sea. Given the Fatimid have benefitted from all their potential to expand power and influence in Mediterranean zone in order to prove legitimacy of their caliphate, it can be concluded that the Fatimid inaugurated maritime fleet equipped with types of ships and shipbuilding instruments and workshops for stabilizing of this caliphate and developing power of their government so that this fleet has served for their cultural, economic, political and military goals in Mediterranean Sea and other surrounding waters from ninth to twelfth AD centuries. Keywords: Corps bureau, Fleet, Maritime equipment, Workshop, Element of corps Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - The role of the Shiite doctrine (Taziyeh and mourning) The Constitutional Movement
mohsen aghahasani امیر تیمور رفیعیAbstract Constitutional Movement, one of the major socio-political developments in the history of Iran the Qajar period and within the years 1905 - 1911 occurred. This movement by different groups of people with different ideologies and ideas emerged the result of multi MoreAbstract Constitutional Movement, one of the major socio-political developments in the history of Iran the Qajar period and within the years 1905 - 1911 occurred. This movement by different groups of people with different ideologies and ideas emerged the result of multiple factors, socio-political--economic,domestic and foreign factors that between them the role of Islamic forces in particular, the Shiite scholars as religious leaders, community and consequently the culture and the teachings of the Shia the researchers and experts are taken into consideration. Among the Shiite culture taziyeh and mourning in memory of Sayed Master of Martyrs in the course of the court and people has enjoyed a special place. Dramatic Art The role of Taziyeh which express a sense of history shiite Islamic thought and culture and is formed under the influence of Iranian culture and civilization and dialogue as Shiite media discussion and study the social upheavals of the period. We want this article to examine historical documents what is Taziyeh mourning ceremony as part of the culture and the teachings of Shi'ism has played a role in the formation of the Constitutional Movement and make offer them. Which is taken into consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - Baluch people and Collapse of Isfahan
رزیتا ناظری حسن حضرتی حمید کرمی پورAbstract Baluch people were displeased Sunni people who were living at the eastern borders of Safavid. Supported by Ghalzaee Afghans, they paved the way for collapse of Isfahan in 1135 AH. The collapse of Afghans with the name of Afghans took place by warlike power of MoreAbstract Baluch people were displeased Sunni people who were living at the eastern borders of Safavid. Supported by Ghalzaee Afghans, they paved the way for collapse of Isfahan in 1135 AH. The collapse of Afghans with the name of Afghans took place by warlike power of Baluch people. The reason that encouraged Baluch people to join Afghans to attack Isfahan, in addition to their common religion, was the oppression of Shi'a government of Safavid on these disgraced people. Therefore, Baluch people decided to attack Isfahan to take revenge of several years rancor, and they gave positive response to request of Afghans and they caused the collapse of Isfahan. The present study aims to investigate the factors led to Baluch people move toward Isfahan and cause the collapse of Isfahan. It also aims to respond the question that which factors and incentives caused that Afghans and Baluch people cooperate and why this cooperation and alliance collapsed. This study aims to solve the complexities and provide right and appropriate response to these questions relying on resources and studies, and studying factors caused attack of Baluch people to Isfahan and its impact on collapse of this city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - The economic organization of Fatemiyan
hamidreza VerdiThe Economic organizations of Fatemiyan Abstract: Fatimid government (Caliphate) was established at North Africa in 909 AD (297 hegira) and it took power in Egypt in less than seventy years and consolidated the foundations of their government promptly. The present ess MoreThe Economic organizations of Fatemiyan Abstract: Fatimid government (Caliphate) was established at North Africa in 909 AD (297 hegira) and it took power in Egypt in less than seventy years and consolidated the foundations of their government promptly. The present essay is written in order to examine economy of Fatimid caliphate and its effect on stability of their government for more than two and a half century (909-1171) that has been conducted by librarian method and through referring to the valid sources of information. The major hypothesis of this is that the Fatimid could expand their political influence by means of an economic system based on trade, agriculture, and taxation and claim for caliphate over the entire Islamic world. The studied subject is that how Fatimid’s economic system operated and what financial sources they have employed for providing economic requirements and expansion of their sovereignty in Egypt and what objectives they had considered in their mind for developing these sources to acquire revenue. At last, it is expressed as conclusion that the Fatimid have benefitted from an effective and profitable economy in order to develop their political, social, ideological, and for survival of their government. Keywords: Bureaucracy, Economic history, Egyptian trade, Egyptian tax, Agriculture Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - The Evolution of Post in Qajar and First Pahlavi
Abdolreza Foladvand soheyla tarabi alireza abtahiAbstract There was no systematic communication system on the Qajar era, The country suffered serious damage during a relatively long period of conflict and political. struggles for power. Many of the communication infrastructure of the transportation network, especiall MoreAbstract There was no systematic communication system on the Qajar era, The country suffered serious damage during a relatively long period of conflict and political. struggles for power. Many of the communication infrastructure of the transportation network, especially Chaparkhaneh, was destroyed. At the time of Nader Shah, even the soldiere working in these centers were called to battlefields.As a result , no formal organization to send information from one part to another part of the country. Even between the governors and the federal government did not exist. Deep and extensive information was created on communication lines and transportation network in the Pahlavi era. Sashes were made. There fore the cental post office building was built in Tehran and some large urban areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of formation and development of a new pot institution in Iran. The methodology of this historical research is an analytical type based on library studies and reviews and archival docments. The data collection was interpreted and investigated after reviewing them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - The historical geography of Zarang (seestan) in the epochs of history
mehdi keykhaei mohamad taqi fazeliThere are some disagreements between historians about the exact place of Zarang city. Historians have pointed at, at least, three different places: first of all Nad-i-Ali, then Dahan-i- Gholaman, and at last Zahedan-i-Kohne. All these parts are located in the south-east MoreThere are some disagreements between historians about the exact place of Zarang city. Historians have pointed at, at least, three different places: first of all Nad-i-Ali, then Dahan-i- Gholaman, and at last Zahedan-i-Kohne. All these parts are located in the south-eastern part of Iran, in Seistan (later, after the division of Seistan, Nad-i-Ali stayed in the Afghani part of the region). What the evidences show is that this name, Zarang or Zaranj, is still used to name an obscure geographical place, the one that has been either a borough or a region, or sometimes a town or a province. Therefore, it seems that the same obscurity has been about the exact location of Zarang, even in historical epochs. The research in hand tries to define the exact south-eastern Satrapi position of Achaemenid era according to the written documents and archeological evidences, and by means of which to show the transitions of Seistan name in the old geographical and written historical texts. qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - Safavid decline pathology: the collapse of the
monireh kazemirashedabstract appearance of the Safavid dynasty at the beginning of the 10 th century AH / 16th century AD. Is undoubetly 0ne of the important and inpressive events of persian history. each one of the developments and changes in the Safavid era is unique and consists of all Moreabstract appearance of the Safavid dynasty at the beginning of the 10 th century AH / 16th century AD. Is undoubetly 0ne of the important and inpressive events of persian history. each one of the developments and changes in the Safavid era is unique and consists of all the religious political. social and cultural spheres. The quality of the development 0f the Safavid government, sparked much debate among hi development of the Safavid government in iran ower to the is so religious, political, storians, to the extent that some historians formed the national government in Iran, Safavid dynasty owes know that after the rule of the Turks and the Mongols in Iran, the Iranian government and at the same We have created a single political center. . In analyzing the root causes of the fall of the Safavids, including policies of Shah Abbas I of the Safavid army reshuffle in the field and the Snow Ghezelbash, a country estate, education and the weakness of his successors successor temples in the country are taken into consideration Purpose: The purpose Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - Safavid decline pathology: the collapse of the
monireh kazemirashed monireh kazemirashedabstract appearance of the Safavid dynasty at the beginning of the 10 th century AH / 16th century AD. Is undoubetly 0ne of the important and inpressive events of persian history. each one of the developments and changes in the Safavid era is unique and consists of all Moreabstract appearance of the Safavid dynasty at the beginning of the 10 th century AH / 16th century AD. Is undoubetly 0ne of the important and inpressive events of persian history. each one of the developments and changes in the Safavid era is unique and consists of all the religious political. social and cultural spheres. The quality of the development 0f the Safavid government, sparked much debate among hi development of the Safavid government in iran ower to the is so religious, political, storians, to the extent that some historians formed the national government in Iran, Safavid dynasty owes know that after the rule of the Turks and the Mongols in Iran, the Iranian government and at the same We have created a single political center. . In analyzing the root causes of the fall of the Safavids, including policies of Shah Abbas I of the Safavid army reshuffle in the field and the Snow Ghezelbash, a country estate, education and the weakness of his successors successor temples in the country are taken into consideration Purpose: The purpose Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - Ambassador and embassy in the Achaemenid period
hashem aghajanei elizhAmbassador and embassy in the Achaemenid period HashemAkhajani TahmoresMehrabi Abstract Diplomacy has a long history in political world, particularly in Iran. Tendency to achieve power and maintenance of the interests and achievements on the one side, fear of the wa MoreAmbassador and embassy in the Achaemenid period HashemAkhajani TahmoresMehrabi Abstract Diplomacy has a long history in political world, particularly in Iran. Tendency to achieve power and maintenance of the interests and achievements on the one side, fear of the war and its dire consequences on the other side were effective in the creation and development of diplomatic relations in the Achaemenid period. In Achaemenid period life depended more on the war and diplomatic relationship than on the economy, so there was a wide diplomatic relationship between the Achaemenid and other countries. Ambassador and embassy had a significant and sensitive role. The Achaemenid ambassadors had to arrive to their destination after passing difficult roads and endangering their lives; beside this the ambassadors had to be familiar with the destination country language. They should have obtained information of different roads and inform the kings of Achaemenid after returning. Although manifold research papers have been conducted about the Achaemenid history and its political, economic relationship with other countries, no comprehensive paper has been done on the role of embassies, ambassadors and its powers in Achaemenid period. This paper attempts to investigate the embassies and ambassadors and their position in Achaemenid period. Keywords: Ambassador, Embassy, Messenger, Achaemenid. Member of the academic staff Payame Noor University MA graduate student of History of Ancient Iran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Email: t.mehrabi91@gmail.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - The Ottoman Empire and the modernism of Amir Kabir
Taleb Abedi Kalesar Muhammad Reza RoozbehaniAbstract: Amir Kabir's modernist thoughts and its evolution period are rooted in his four-year embassy in the Ottoman Empire. During this period, he became acquainted with the reformist settings and developments of Ottoman society. The modernist developments of Ottoman MoreAbstract: Amir Kabir's modernist thoughts and its evolution period are rooted in his four-year embassy in the Ottoman Empire. During this period, he became acquainted with the reformist settings and developments of Ottoman society. The modernist developments of Ottoman society are instructive and instructive for Amir Kabir And led to his intellectual transformation, and when he came to power he modeled on the Ottoman arrangements in his modernist actions. This research is a documentary attempt based on authentic historical documents, with a research-oriented approach to clarify how developments affect Ottoman society is written on the modernist thoughts of Mirza Taghi Khan Amir Kabir in the era of adjustments.Key words : Ottoman Empire Amir Kabir adjustment Modernization Iran. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
502 - Historical survey about Seyyed Jalaleddin Ashraf
ebrahim bavafadalivand arash aghajanpoorAbstract The area of Guilan has long been the sanctuary of the Prophet's family (Peace be upon him), Sadat, and Alavian. Sadat and Alavian, because of Historical reasons and familiarity of people, The Prophet and Shiite family chose Guilan Zone to Continue Struggle wit MoreAbstract The area of Guilan has long been the sanctuary of the Prophet's family (Peace be upon him), Sadat, and Alavian. Sadat and Alavian, because of Historical reasons and familiarity of people, The Prophet and Shiite family chose Guilan Zone to Continue Struggle with the Caliphate as their lodging and shelter. Hence, among the provinces of Iran, Land of Guilan in terms of The tombs of the Ahlul-Bayt family has a special place. One of the graves related to them, is the grave of Seyyed Jalaleddin Ashraf that In some contemporary texts, It was regarded to the son of Imam Musa Kazem (Peace be upon him) And in others, It was considered Zaidi Imams religion. This paper is a comparative study of contemporary reports, and the review of historical texts and field studies around the grave of Seyyed Jalaleddin Ashraf. It seems that for historical reasons this tomb can belong to Jalaleddin Hezaraspee or Jalal Al-Din Hassan Nomosalman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - Review of reforms and adjustments in the Ottoman country and the influence of Iranian intellectuals on Ottoman settings
parvin ranjbarReview:The common features of Iran and Osmani in the nineteenth century were an attempt to modernize. The leaders of these two countries were in a position to rebuild foreign stimulus, and the Iranian modernization program was partially affected by the Ottoman Empire. T MoreReview:The common features of Iran and Osmani in the nineteenth century were an attempt to modernize. The leaders of these two countries were in a position to rebuild foreign stimulus, and the Iranian modernization program was partially affected by the Ottoman Empire. These effects, due to various political, cultural and historical issues, brought about the challenges of modernization. The two countries are somewhat similar to Zia.Along with the efforts of the Ottoman intellectuals in Iran, some of the governorates have also made progress in reforming them. There are factors such as the cultural relations of Dumlest in history, the two countries' neighbors, long borders, Muslimship of the two countries and common hostility in the name of Russia, the possibility of Iran's modernization of the Ottoman And the reconciliation of the corrective programs of the two Muslim countries and neighboring countries.Given such a premise, the basis of the recent research is the question of what was the cause of the attitude of some Ottoman rulers and Iran in the nineteenth century to the phenomenon of modernization?What are some of the challenges facing reform and regulation in both countries?How has the Ottoman state influenced Iran's ideas and attitudes?The purpose of this article is to answer the top questions of a historical context using historical data by descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - Examining the sentences of paying the debt of the deceased (tōzišn) and debt settlement (pēš-tōzišnīh) in Sassanid times from the Mādayān ī hazār dādestestān
zahra hisseiniMādayān ī hazār dādestestān or Book of a Thousand Judgment is the only manuscript of the imperfect from the legal collection of the Sassanid period. This article is studying a legal term tōzišn means paying the debt and paying the debt of the deceased and compena MoreMādayān ī hazār dādestestān or Book of a Thousand Judgment is the only manuscript of the imperfect from the legal collection of the Sassanid period. This article is studying a legal term tōzišn means paying the debt and paying the debt of the deceased and compenasting of the warranter and pēš-tōzišnīh the meaning of repayment and how the debtor's debt is settled and its purpose is to explain the legal rules to pay of the debt of the deceased and how to settle the debt in the civil society of the Sassanid period. For this purpose, a question arises: What did the legislators envisage in the issuance of Judgments tōzišn and pēš-tōzišnīh to pay the debt and settle it? Based on the existing laws, we find that, Legislators with awareness predicted possible disputes of survivors in the death of the deceased and the debtor's possible evasion of payment and even the debtor's financial poverty and issued rulings for pay the debt of the debtor and pay the debt of the deceased, duties of survivors, the debtor and guarantor are know; and disagreement is eliminated between the family and the legal creditor and by adopting legal solutions, does not exist way to avoid fulfilling the obligations. This article is theoretical and has been done with historical-analytical method. While interpreting the legal term tōzišn and pēš-tōzišnīh, we find its social function in the Sassanid period. Given the lack of documented research in this area, the need to address it is obvious. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - An analysis of the historical event of Nardin and Goklan’s families reason of slaughter
sattarberdy fajoori رجبعلی وثوقی مطلق omid sepehriAbstractOne of these tribes is the Turkmen, whose relations with the central government have varied during history. One of the events that led to the conflict between the Turkmen and the central government is the historical event of Nardin. This event is one of the most MoreAbstractOne of these tribes is the Turkmen, whose relations with the central government have varied during history. One of the events that led to the conflict between the Turkmen and the central government is the historical event of Nardin. This event is one of the most important historical events of the Turkmen that took place in the late Qajar period during the rule of Ahmad Shah Qajar. This historic event took place while the deposed Muhammad Ali Shah, in his unsuccessful attempt to gain power with the help of tribes and nomads, especially the Turkmen, and his presence in Gomesh Tappeh, had failed. In such a situation that the central power was weakened and disorder broke out in the country, there was a famine and a hard winter in 1289. It caused the Turkmen to face problems that eventually led to the Nardin incident and the assassination and massacre of the Turkmen families, Goklan.This study intends to investigate the Nardin incident by using the method of historical research, which is based on description and research, and by asking reason for the assassination and massacre of Goklan leaders and the cause of this incident.The research findings also indicate that the occurrence of famine, hunger and mismanagement of the rulers of Nardin and Bojnourd has caused this crisis.Keywords:Iran, Turkmen, the Nardin incident, Goklan, families, famine, tribes and nomads Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - Review and analysis of the formal structure of a Tansar Narrated by Ebne Esfandiar
aseyeh zabiehniaThe reign of religion devoutness Platonic Tansar And leave the seclusion Was chosen. His narrative of the Pahlavi texts, Arabic and Farsi those who had a significant role the throne Artaxerxes. He also yari nameh his admonished, his wisdom Ardashir Offered. The letter Z MoreThe reign of religion devoutness Platonic Tansar And leave the seclusion Was chosen. His narrative of the Pahlavi texts, Arabic and Farsi those who had a significant role the throne Artaxerxes. He also yari nameh his admonished, his wisdom Ardashir Offered. The letter Zahed in their forthright opinions and religious beliefs, political, social And ... Has raised her. The study of these letters can be religious Level knowledge and mastery of the issues this personality, social and ... Realize.Letters reflect the opinion of this character are unmistakable. Tansar letters of three parts:As a starter, main and end up being written, that each of these three parts take also such subsidiary organs.Tansar language in bold letters, and the audience, no doubt, hesitation and his impurity in Remarks he Cannot find Whatever Tall Spirit him harassment Gives On the Psyche paper makes Without fear and had several issues with passion Were Proposed Addition to the mentioned, the text of this letter, clearly, can be found in the author's intellectual scholar with a rich cultural and religious backed with suffering writes. Overall, this study gives the audience the indescribable Hzy the letters Wil serverl that can help him through life and also causing provide information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - Ambassador and embassy in the Achaemenid period
HASHEM AGHAGANI tahmores mehrabiDiplomacy has a long history in political world, particularly in Iran. Tendency to achieve power and maintenance of the interests and achievements on the one side, fear of the war and its dire consequences on the other side were effective in the creation and development MoreDiplomacy has a long history in political world, particularly in Iran. Tendency to achieve power and maintenance of the interests and achievements on the one side, fear of the war and its dire consequences on the other side were effective in the creation and development of diplomatic relations in the Achaemenid period. In Achaemenid period life depended more on the war and diplomatic relationship than on the economy, so there was a wide diplomatic relationship between the Achaemenid and other countries. Ambassador and embassy had a significant and sensitive role. The Achaemenid ambassadors had to arrive to their destination after passing difficult roads and endangering their lives; beside this the ambassadors had to be familiar with the destination country language. They should have obtained information of different roads and inform the kings of Achaemenid after returning. Although manifold research papers have been conducted about the Achaemenid history and its political, economic relationship with other countries, no comprehensive paper has been done on the role of embassies, ambassadors and its powers in Achaemenid period. This paper attempts to investigate the embassies and ambassadors and their position in Achaemenid period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - The impact of Urartu architecture of Achaemenid architecture
amir akbari ameneh fatahiAbout 1500 BC, Urartu civilization took power in West Azerbaijan, East Anatolia and North Kurdistan. They were contemporaneous with the Assyrians in northern Iraq and the Elamite civilization in the West of Iran. Further details of the civilization of Urartu, were found MoreAbout 1500 BC, Urartu civilization took power in West Azerbaijan, East Anatolia and North Kurdistan. They were contemporaneous with the Assyrians in northern Iraq and the Elamite civilization in the West of Iran. Further details of the civilization of Urartu, were found in the Assyrians writings. Urartu kingdom after years of war and competition with Assyria, in the 8th century BC were vanished and the remaining came under the power of the Medes. in the land that was widespread from shore west of the Caspian Sea to Modern Syria and the Mediterranean Sea, Urartu built cities and palaces, castles and numerous temples, gardens and orchards and created many rivers and canals to provide their water needs, and they were skillful in metal-working. They were neighbors with the Medes and the Persians for two hundred years. It seems because of that, and after the Persians took power, they have learned lots of methods and ways of constructing buildings from Urartu and used them in the creation of magnificent palaces such as the Apadana in Susa and the Persepolis. This article attempts first to look at the history and architecture of Urartu, and then based on analytical-comparative method, study the influence of the Urartu architecture on the Apadana Palace of Darius in Susa. The results show that although the Achaemenid civilization benefited from all their Past civilizations to form their glorious buildings, but more significant role is the role of Urartu. The role that less than it is remembered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - An Analysis of Islamiyah, Experience of Resistance Economics in Iran during the Qajar Period (1278-1289)
maryam heyekResistance economy as the main strategy was to withdraw from economic pressures. One of the aspects of production and consumption of goods is internal resistance economy. This Mqalh to answer the question of what factors in our historical experience in the Qajar period MoreResistance economy as the main strategy was to withdraw from economic pressures. One of the aspects of production and consumption of goods is internal resistance economy. This Mqalh to answer the question of what factors in our historical experience in the Qajar period to culminate in "domestic production and consumption of goods" was effective? To answer this question important factors in strengthening the national production at the company's activity Islamiyah, based on "qualitative content analysis" is checked. According to local patterns of successful role in promoting social issues, the result of unity and cooperation of various factors affecting the company's success Islamiyah including merchant capital, the spiritual and intellectual pen, noting that in the current situation, creating a strong economy and based on be local, not out of reach. The results indicated the necessity of enjoying the backing of nationalist sentiment and religious beliefs to realize the current situation is the strength of the economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - Reflection and comparison the socio-political aspect of the Iranian lifestylein two books "Rahatosodor and chahamaghaleh
rasool rostami farhad parvaneh mojtaba geravandTheIranian social lifestylecan be studied from four aspeccts? Political, social, cultural and economical. This paper studies the socio-political aspect of the Iranian lifestylein two books "Rahatosodor and chahamaghaleh in a comparative way.to find an answer to the ques MoreTheIranian social lifestylecan be studied from four aspeccts? Political, social, cultural and economical. This paper studies the socio-political aspect of the Iranian lifestylein two books "Rahatosodor and chahamaghaleh in a comparative way.to find an answer to the question of how much the selected books reveal the socio –political aspect of the Iranian life style. The anther has tried to the political connotations of the two books. The paper has been dane using a descriptive and analytical method. The author has tried to study some texts which deal with different aspects of eranian lifestyle in the past and then stndy the collected political data in an orderly and organized way. We came to the conclusion that in both two books the political subjects has been dealt with, but the book rahatosodor has revealed the political aspect of the the Iranian social lifestyle far more than the other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - The induction of death of Cambyses and Bardia and its impact on how the arrival of Darius the Great
parziz hosien mohamad tayebiDeath of Cambyses and Bardia Achaemenid history is one of the darkest junctures. So, because of the importance of this issue, the main focus of the study period until the death of Cambyses and Darius takes Bardia. In this regard, we have tried to outline the course of h MoreDeath of Cambyses and Bardia Achaemenid history is one of the darkest junctures. So, because of the importance of this issue, the main focus of the study period until the death of Cambyses and Darius takes Bardia. In this regard, we have tried to outline the course of historical events, this time limit should be according to the original sources, Then to analyze data and historical sources of information about the mystery death of Cambyses and Bardia also be addressed murder. As a result of what has been presented in the final section, refers to this issue which is not only based Bardia conspiracy led by Darius seven family is exhausted, But according to the information available resources, can not be considered accidental death of Cambyses''''s because Cambyses and Bardia policy was based on consolidating his power against the aristocracy. So great nobility and the family did not want to, loss of privileges, so it reacted to the murder of Cyrus king of the branches were. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - Investigation of Shipping in Qajar Periods and its Impact on Trade, Based on Content of the newspaper “Kolkata Habl al-Matin”
shirin sharifi golamhossein zargarinegad sina forozeshTransportation is always considered, in all times and in all places, an important factor affecting the trade. This factor and its related elements have had a specific importance when evaluating issues of business and the merchants in Qajar period. Undoubtedly, one of th MoreTransportation is always considered, in all times and in all places, an important factor affecting the trade. This factor and its related elements have had a specific importance when evaluating issues of business and the merchants in Qajar period. Undoubtedly, one of the most important and effective component in the backwardness of Iran's trade was the unsuitable situation of the transportation during Qajar period. The findings of this study have showed, according to the witnesses, there were few main roads in Iran not comparable with countries dealing them. The attack to the caravans by the tribes, lawbreakers and thefts were the very important concerns for businessmen. Sometimes the relative security had been made by the compassionate and worthy rulers but it was not sustainable. Communications equipment, such as post and telegraph was incompatible and the businessmen were in trouble in many cases. The competitive activities of some states such as Great Britain and Russia, in this regard especially the railway, should not be ignored. The aim of the present study is to explain the inhibiting factors of the transportation in the roads and their impacts on the trade during Qajar period using the descriptive/ analytic method based on the contents of the newspaper “Kolkata Habl al-Matin”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - Christianinteractions with the Muslim rulers In the Umayyad and early Abbasid age
mohamadali ayazi mohamadali mirsaneeiIslamic territory under the Umayyad and Abbasidageswas including many Christian areas of the Eastern Church. The People of these territories have scientists and organized churches, and gradually some of them were able to reach the caliphs' courts. During this period, ma MoreIslamic territory under the Umayyad and Abbasidageswas including many Christian areas of the Eastern Church. The People of these territories have scientists and organized churches, and gradually some of them were able to reach the caliphs' courts. During this period, many court physicians were Christians who had ancient legacy of medical knowledge. As well as, some of the poets, translators, astronomers and Christianpatriarch were able to connectwith caliphs and their relatives, and they were even as adviser to the Muslim rulers. In the meantime, some of the caliphs were not tend to associated with the Christians, and tried to differentiate Christians from the Muslim community by imposition of harsh sentences against them, and limited their devotional ceremoniesand social activities. But we can see, byreview of historical reports, that the governments not forced Christians to converted and entered to Islamin the Umayyad and Abbasid periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - Analysing Giving and Receiving Gifts from Imam Ali's Viewpoint
aliakbar abasiGiving and receiving gifts in Imam Ali' era has involved the researcher for a while. Therefore, a study has been done to observe what the conditions of giving and receiving conditions are. Analysing literal, historical and document from the first centuries of Islamic er MoreGiving and receiving gifts in Imam Ali' era has involved the researcher for a while. Therefore, a study has been done to observe what the conditions of giving and receiving conditions are. Analysing literal, historical and document from the first centuries of Islamic era and the Nahj (written by Imam Ali), we aimed to find an answer to the question. The results showed that Imam Ali had criteria for giving and receiving gifts. One of these criteria was that the gift must not be from the public treasury. The gift must be simple and ingenuous. It must not be given in anticipation of getting a position. He was eager to receive gifts from the secluded poor or ex-wealthy societies. He was willing to give and receive gifts from neighbours. He severely criticized and responded to the brokers who provided gifts from the public treasury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - The historical geography of Zarang (seestan) in the epochs of history
mehdi keykhaei mohamadtaghi fazeliThere are some disagreements between historians about the exact place of Zarang city. Historians have pointed at, at least, three different places: first of all Nad-i-Ali, then Dahan-i- Gholaman, and at last Zahedan-i-Kohne. All these parts are located in the south-east MoreThere are some disagreements between historians about the exact place of Zarang city. Historians have pointed at, at least, three different places: first of all Nad-i-Ali, then Dahan-i- Gholaman, and at last Zahedan-i-Kohne. All these parts are located in the south-eastern part of Iran, in Seistan (later, after the division of Seistan, Nad-i-Ali stayed in the Afghani part of the region).What the evidences show is that this name, Zarang or Zaranj, is still used to name an obscure geographical place, the one that has been either a borough or a region, or sometimes a town or a province. Therefore, it seems that the same obscurity has been about the exact location of Zarang, even in historical epochs. The research in hand tries to define the exact south-eastern Satrapi position of Achaemenid era according to the written documents and archeological evidences, and by means of which to show the transitions of Seistan name in the old geographical and written historical texts. Keywords:Achaemenid, Seistan, Dahan-i-Gholaman, Zarang Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - political and economic development (800-500 BC)
bahram delpakWithout a doubt, the formation of metropolises is one of the characteristics of Greece Civilization. In fact, it can be the beginning of the formation of political and cultural relations and a connecting point between semi historical-legendary events of Homer era and Gr MoreWithout a doubt, the formation of metropolises is one of the characteristics of Greece Civilization. In fact, it can be the beginning of the formation of political and cultural relations and a connecting point between semi historical-legendary events of Homer era and Greek history in Cleistens era. Athens, as an example among these metropolises had a significant role in intellectual, social and political development in Greece. Geographical factors, tolerance in religious beliefs, immigration and communication with other civilizations, and changes in the political foundations of the government were factors that caused Athens to reach the most perfect form of government in its intellectual, political and economic aspects. This article Using a historical analytical lens and through a reexamination, aims to analyze the role of these factors. The findings of the research show that the suitable political and geographical sircomstance hade played graet impact on social and political development in Athens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - Fathali Shah Qajar's religious policy towards the Sunnis in Iran
عباس سرافرازی محمد کاویانی یگانهThe historical sources of Qajar era have made a devout image of Fathali Shah، the second Qajarid monarch. His rule over the world's largest Shia country on one hand and Iran's being neighbored by Sunni States on the other hand makes his religious policy towards the Sunn MoreThe historical sources of Qajar era have made a devout image of Fathali Shah، the second Qajarid monarch. His rule over the world's largest Shia country on one hand and Iran's being neighbored by Sunni States on the other hand makes his religious policy towards the Sunnis of great importance which is the goal of this research. Historical sources show that the strategic policy of the Qajar kings including Fathali Shah towards the Sunnis is based on minimal confrontation، religious tolerance and attempting to realize Islamic unity which can be called "an interactive policy". Examples such as religious freedom، social security، the absence of narratives about military conflict with the Sunnis، trying to incline the Sunnis of marginal regions to the central government، the penetration of Sunni Sufi scholars into the royal court and the relations of the Sunnis with Shia statesmen and scholars support this idea. Possible influence of the Infallible Imams’ narrations urging the Shiites to coexist with the non-Shiites، absence of political or religious challenges from the Sunnis، the subsidence of radical anti-Sunnism among the Shiites، the prevail of the school of Mujtahidin and the gradual disappearance of Akhbari school among Shia scholars، the threat of Western colonialism and the necessity of Islamic alliance and preventing the Sunnis of marginal regions from immigrating or joining the rival Sunni neighbors of the Qajar government are the most important reasons of adopting such a policy. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data gathering method is a desk study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - Bashganloo family (ladies) captivation and the significant role of MoazazShadlo general
alireza mohajeri reza shabani sina forozeshShadloo s dynasty's territory were ruling over the north Khorasan and this duration was associated with various events and happenings.one of the most prominent and the final chamber (khan)of this dynasty , was MoazazShadloo general. His rolling time, is considered very MoreShadloo s dynasty's territory were ruling over the north Khorasan and this duration was associated with various events and happenings.one of the most prominent and the final chamber (khan)of this dynasty , was MoazazShadloo general. His rolling time, is considered very noticeable and significant due to the within country events and political challenges and revolutions .the main attention capturing event was the Bashganloo ladies captivation by Turkmens. Due to this awkward event and because of Bashganloo s territory complain to the parliament (congress), general Moazaz is also condemned as one of the culprits. (Blameful). The current research has been developed based on documentary writing style as well as other articles. This research provides a reply to the follow question; what is the role of general Moazaz in Bashganloo ladies captivation that has been done by Turkmens? The obtained research result shows that Turkmens tribe, usually attack (rush) to the north era of Khorasan. Therefor general Moazaz decided to re-direct these attacks toward other places .his main goal was to obstacle Turkmens attack to hid ruling territory. However, as an IL khan headmaster and as a governmental factor, he didn’t do the necessary protection acts during the Turkmens attack to Bashganloo living place and their ladies captivation. Keywords: Sardar respectable, North Khorasan, Turkmen, dark Bashqanlv, Bashqanlv honors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - West and modernity in terms of Mirza Malkam Khan
amin d.moezi habiballah a.shirazi کاظم جلالی فرهاد سجادیMalkam Khan's thinking was based on the principles on which the spread of Western civilization around the world is not only a matter of history, but also a transformation of the conditions of the evolution of social life and the cause of human happiness and prosperity. MoreMalkam Khan's thinking was based on the principles on which the spread of Western civilization around the world is not only a matter of history, but also a transformation of the conditions of the evolution of social life and the cause of human happiness and prosperity. Therefore, the condition of wisdom from his point of view is to accept the ritual of European civilization from heart and soul, and to develop our thinking for the evolution of history and the spirit of time. For this reason, he calls for fundamental reform in the apparatus of the Supreme Court, with the help of Western science and principles, which makes it a prerequisite for other developments. Against Islamists, there were Western-oriented intellectuals who were fascinated west and Western values, law and customary rule as well as separation of religion and politics, etc. This stream, which constituted a broad spectrum, suggested that Iran-Western prosperity is all about being Westernized by comparing and measuring Iran-West. People like Mirza Malkam Khan, who were directly incompatible with Islam, believed that people should be thoroughly westernized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - A comparative study of development material culture between Europe & Iran in the Safavied period
alireza karimiThe development has always been a point of interest for people, especially in recent history. The historical review of the concept of development has been one of the approaches those interested in the issue of the causes of underdevelopment. We have also pay atten MoreThe development has always been a point of interest for people, especially in recent history. The historical review of the concept of development has been one of the approaches those interested in the issue of the causes of underdevelopment. We have also pay attention to it with this approach and analytical method and we have tried to answer to some of questions about the causes of undevelopment In the field of trade in Iran. Progress and development in every country there have had total cultural immersion with the culture of development. The safavids in Iran came to power coincided with the start of development in Europe and they were attempts to revive the ancient Iranian authority. The safavids welcomed political and military reasons from arrival of Europeans in Iran. But the Safavids never used from this opportunity for to know the material culture of develop in Europe. Iranians did not follow Europeans in the field of trade and its industries such as waterways and land roads, money, navigation, freedom of trade and commercial corporations. Safavids Despite extensive relations established with Europe and Europeans, they did not adopt No element of material culture of development in Europe .In this article we have tried to review the material culture development in Europe and to compare that with the situation of Iran in the Safavids period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - Agriculture and landholding System during the Umayyad priod
hamidreza motahari sadrolloh esmaeilzadehAgriculture, as the main way of attaining nutrition for humankind has been always regarded highly by different societies and governments. Umayyad dynasty also realized the great benefits of agriculture and its crucial role in their economic structure. After stabilizing MoreAgriculture, as the main way of attaining nutrition for humankind has been always regarded highly by different societies and governments. Umayyad dynasty also realized the great benefits of agriculture and its crucial role in their economic structure. After stabilizing their rule, Umayyad caliphs made efforts to improve the conditions of agriculture and farming. The present paper will answer the raised question here: What were the policies of Umayyads in the aspect of agriculture and land-holding system? In order to answer the question, different types of land-holding system of Umayyads and their actions on expansion of agriculture in Iraq and Sham are analyzed in this paper. The finding represent Umayyads earn huge income through taxes on land-holding and agricultural products and they exercised different types of land-holding systems. These actions led to preparation of situations for expansion and improvement of agriculture, damns, streams, qanats as well as lands measuring and land tenancy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - The Role of History in Political Science
mohsen sadegiHistorians study the human history and analyse the events and political scientists and politicians need to know about the history of the nation and the world and the political history of their homeland. Having a historical understanding would lead to better decision mak MoreHistorians study the human history and analyse the events and political scientists and politicians need to know about the history of the nation and the world and the political history of their homeland. Having a historical understanding would lead to better decision making by politicians for the present and the future. On the other hand, political science can be viewed as dealing with the present history, and political scientists by focusing on theories, practice the solutions to the current issues of the present and this can be viewed as a policy process for the future and making history. The role of history in this process is not a simple matter and in policy making and political science historical elements of a society cannot be ignored and this has been elaborated in various schools of thoughts and social mechanisms, i.e. path dependency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - Survey of ceremony and food habit of Mongol
پریسا ghFood has many meanings in human life. The national and indigenous food of different nations and nations presents their biological and cultural life. Preference for taste, tastes, preparation methods and tools used, customs and food rituals show specific complexities in MoreFood has many meanings in human life. The national and indigenous food of different nations and nations presents their biological and cultural life. Preference for taste, tastes, preparation methods and tools used, customs and food rituals show specific complexities in the context of culture, which reflects the way of thinking and cultural and social traditions of these nations. The purpose of this study is to examine the food and how it is prepared among the Mongol people, and to do so, a descriptive-analytical research method has been used.The results show that there is a significant variation in indigenous food components, food sources and nutritional rituals of the Mongol people, and has been an important source for the sustainability and coherence of the Mogul community.Their main feed was in adaptation to the environment, and with the prosperity of livestock, meat and dairy products, and in beverages, milk was especially fermented.The Moguls avoided eating heavy food, hospitable and hungry. After arriving in Iran, they influenced Iran's food habits and came to eating other than meat and dairy products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - Investigating the Role of Unhealthy Political Culture (Superstition and Fatehism) on the Underdevelopment of the Qajar Era
Ruhollah Pourmolaee Aliakbar Amini Asadolah AthariyRuhollah Pourmolaee [1] Amini Aliakbar [2] Asadolah Athariy Mariyan[3] Abstract: Political culture is a set of beliefs, values, and norms about power and politics that are shaped by factors such as geographic and climatic conditions, political and social structur MoreRuhollah Pourmolaee [1] Amini Aliakbar [2] Asadolah Athariy Mariyan[3] Abstract: Political culture is a set of beliefs, values, and norms about power and politics that are shaped by factors such as geographic and climatic conditions, political and social structures, historical conditions, customs, and the economic system, and then form a process. Constant socialization is institutionalized and passed down from generation to generation. In the Qajar era, political culture in its unhealthy area, such as Patrimonialist culture, believed in superstitious beliefs, fatalism, and prevailing thinking in society, so that its footprint is abundantly found in travelogues, literary works, and intellectuals of this period. The present study, using a desc­r­i­p­ti­v­e-analytical approach and using the theoretical framework of Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis, seeks to answer the question of what role did unhealthy (superstitious and fatalistic) political culture play in the underdevelopment of the Qajar era? According to studies using library-documentary tools, it was concluded that irrationality, irrationality and ignorance, along with patrimonial culture and authoritarian structure, in this period challenged various economic, political and social challenges. It led to a tendency towards unhealthy political culture such as superstition and destiny, and this led to the reproduction of tyranny, the reproduction of ignorance, the reproduction of ignorance, and ultimately the unde­rde­vel­op­m­ent and backwardness of this period. [1]- PhD Student, Political Science (Iran Issues), Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran [2] - Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Political Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran:Corresponding Author [3] - Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Political Science, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - Solving linear and nonlinear optimal control problem using modified adomian decomposition method
Ahmad Fakharian Mohammad Taghi Hamidi Beheshti -
Open Access Article
526 - Using BELBIC based optimal controller for omni-directional threewheel robots model identified by LOLIMOT
Maziar Ahmad Sharbafi Caro Lucas Aida Mohammadinejad -
Open Access Article
527 - Designing the 3D model of social responsibility for public organizations (Iranian-Islamic approach)
Monavare Sobhani Mohammad Ataei Gholamreza Memarzadeh tehran Mahmood AlborziDesigning the 3D model of social responsibility for public organizations (Iranian-Islamic approach)The aim of this research designing 3D model of social responsibility for public organizations in Iran. This study, based on the perpouse is development-applied and based o MoreDesigning the 3D model of social responsibility for public organizations (Iranian-Islamic approach)The aim of this research designing 3D model of social responsibility for public organizations in Iran. This study, based on the perpouse is development-applied and based on methodology is mixed method. To identify the elements of social responsibility we using qualitative methods such as Delphi and get key-informant opinions were refined. In the next step, we used the fuzzy inference system to provide the final 3D model. For analysis, we use SPSS and Matlab softwares.In the first step, for social responsibility seven elements approved, then according to opinions’s connoisseurs and Delphi method for each element determine components. In the second section, results shows the ethical approach and organization strategy have a positive impact on all of the social responsibility elements.Keywords: Social responsibility, Islamic approach, Strategy, Public organizations, fuzzy method.Keywords: Social responsibility, Islamic approach, Strategy, Public organizations, fuzzy method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - The Importance and Role of Social Responsibility and Innovation Performance in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership Style and Corporate Performance
Mehdi Tayyebi Mehrdad Hosseini Shakib Mostafa MobaleghiThe purpose of this study is to consider the importance and role of social responsibility and innovation in the relationship between transformational leadership and firm performance. This research is an applied and descriptive-survey research. Due to the limited size of MoreThe purpose of this study is to consider the importance and role of social responsibility and innovation in the relationship between transformational leadership and firm performance. This research is an applied and descriptive-survey research. Due to the limited size of the statistical population, the whole population was used and all experts, senior experts and officials of Iran Khodro assembly halls were interviewed and questioned as members of the sample. Data gathering tool in this study is a questionnaire whose reliability and validity was verified and validated by using convergent and divergent validity methods. In order to select the data analysis method, the normality of the variables was first evaluated through skewness and kurtosis and tested by using a path analysis approach using AMOS software. According to the research findings, improving corporate social responsibility will increase the impact of transformational leadership on organizational performance. In addition, statistical findings show that improving innovative performance will increase the impact of social responsibility performance on organizational performance. Inferential results also show that as social responsibility improves, enterprise innovation and organizational performance will improve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - The Effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Workforce Agility
khadijeh Ahmadi gherache Hosein Sayadi Toranlo Zeynab Bakhtiyari Farahnaz AhangAgility is a new model that enables the organization to respond to unexpected changes.Organizations should have agile employees to achieve agility. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to behaviors that affect the agility of the workforce. the researchers are goi MoreAgility is a new model that enables the organization to respond to unexpected changes.Organizations should have agile employees to achieve agility. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to behaviors that affect the agility of the workforce. the researchers are going to examine the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the agility of the workforce. he statistical population of the study was 400 employees in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. According to Morgan's table, the sample size was 196 people. 200 questionnaires were distributed randomly among the staff and 166 questionnaires were collected. This research based on its purpose is applied research and in terms of data collection method, a descriptive survey is a survey. To assess organizational citizenship behavior, the questionnaire of Pendikov et al. (1990) was used and to measure the agility of the workforce, using the standard questionnaire of Go & et al. 2002. Cronbach's alpha test was used to calculate their reliability that obtained result for the citizenship behavior questionnaire was 0.732 and for the agility of the staffs it was 0.960. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistics method and SPSS and Amos software was used. The results of research model showed that organizational citizenship behavior in workforce agility had a significant and positive effect of 0.6. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - The Effect of Brand Mental Association on Brand Equity with the Mediating Role of Green Trust and Green Satisfaction )Case study: The Customers of Keshavarzi Bank at Qazvin Province(
Niloofar Amousa Mehdi ZakipourAbstractBrand associations has a significant effect on brand equity with the mediating role of trust and green satisfaction and today has been considered by many organizations around the world. Numerous researches in the field of measuring and classifying the dimensions MoreAbstractBrand associations has a significant effect on brand equity with the mediating role of trust and green satisfaction and today has been considered by many organizations around the world. Numerous researches in the field of measuring and classifying the dimensions of brand mental association have been done by different researchers, but there is no single opinion about it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of brand mental association on brand equity with the mediating role of trust and green satisfaction of Qazvin Agricultural Bank. In this research, cluster-random sampling method is used to perform a sample of 200 subjects. Cronbach's alpha test was used to confirm the reliability of the assessment tool and also the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a number of marketing experts and professors. PLS and SPSS software were used for data processing. Findings indicate a positive effect of brand mental association on brand equity. The results of this study allow bank managers to compare their brand with other banks in order to formulate their marketing strategies, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and finally be able to create a brand of special value. Have a higher competitive market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - Corruption Prevention Model Based on the Targets, duties and Authority the Court Audit of Iran
reza zargar Masuod Porkiani Moggan Derakhshan Ayob SheykiAbstractThe purpose of this study is to present a model of corruption prevention based on the goals, duties and powers of the Iranian Accounting Court. This is an applied and developmental research and a descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population of th MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to present a model of corruption prevention based on the goals, duties and powers of the Iranian Accounting Court. This is an applied and developmental research and a descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population of this study consists of all staff of audit (technical-specialized) and administrative departments of accounting department including headquarters and 31 provinces. Sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan table (340). In this study, a stratified random sampling method was used and a library method was used to review the literature of the subject under study and a questionnaire was used to collect field data. The validity and reliability of the research instruments were assessed by confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha and SEM was used to test the model and test the questions and hypotheses. Based on the fit indices, it can be concluded that the variable dimensions of goals, tasks and authorities in Iran's accounting court are in good level and the variable dimensions of corruption control are in strong level. Therefore, it can be concluded that the model of corruption prevention based on the goals, duties and powers of the Court of Accounts is valid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - Designing a sustainable production model in the automotive industry under sanctions and with a world-class approach
zahra pourvaziry gholamreza hashemzadeh khorasgani mahmood modiri hassan farsijaniAbstractIn the current era, one of the most important elements for the survival of the industry is to take advantage of a vision based on sustainable development. World-class manufacturing as a model of operational excellence transforms industry-related paradigms, so ac MoreAbstractIn the current era, one of the most important elements for the survival of the industry is to take advantage of a vision based on sustainable development. World-class manufacturing as a model of operational excellence transforms industry-related paradigms, so achieving sustainable world-class manufacturing components based on the localization approach in the automotive industry can be important solution in the field. The evolution of industry should be considered. This article is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of performance. At the first time, the most important indicators of the world-class sustainable manufacturing model were identified based on the opinions of experts, and then the indicators were screened, after that, the data were analyzed to determine the relationships and how the factors affect each other. Finally, the prioritization of indicators is presented as the output of the model. The results show, in order to achieve sustainable production in the automotive industry, more attention needs to be noticed to the environmental dimension as one of the most important and effective dimensions of sustainable production and other barriers play a significant role in implementing strategies related to it.Keywords: Sustainable Production, World Class manufacturing, Sustainable Development, Automotive Industry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - Designing a model of complexity drivers effective in evaluating the performance of complex Iranian government organizations
ebrahim sahraee Naser Poursadegh Naser Hamidi Ali MohtashamiAbstractThe present study by identifying and determining the drivers of complexity affecting the performance of complex government organizations, the researcher designed a paradigm model of complexity drivers and defines complex government organizations. To achieve this MoreAbstractThe present study by identifying and determining the drivers of complexity affecting the performance of complex government organizations, the researcher designed a paradigm model of complexity drivers and defines complex government organizations. To achieve this, it conducts research using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher uses open source, axial and selective data method to analyze the interview data. To validate the initial model, the quantitative method "Content Validity Evaluation of CVR" has been used. After validation, 123 focal variables were identified in the form (causal conditions of 14 categories, phenomena 13, action / interaction 21, consequences 14, intervening conditions 39 and context 22 categories) with these drivers paradigm model of complexity drivers in evaluating the performance of organizations The Iranian government complex was designed. As can be seen in the research model, the focal categories of intervention conditions as drivers of legal complexity and the underlying categories of drivers as bedridden complexity drivers with the impact on the action / interaction and consequences of the model cause organizational performance complexity that should be evaluated. The performance of these organizations should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - Idelntifying indicators of value of e-government services based on article 37 of law on civil service management
mohammad hosein roozbeh hamed rahmani morteza mousakhaniThe present study tries to identify indicators of value of e-government services in the municipality of Qazvin. The methodology is considered descriptive in terms of purpose and of survey type, which has utilized mix-method to analyze data. In the first phase of the stu MoreThe present study tries to identify indicators of value of e-government services in the municipality of Qazvin. The methodology is considered descriptive in terms of purpose and of survey type, which has utilized mix-method to analyze data. In the first phase of the study, qualitative theme analysis method, literature review and experts interview have been used to extract indicators and also confirmatory factor analysis has been applied in the next phase to verify the validity of the obtained model and extracting final indicators. The findings revealed that the primary extracted model derived from literature review consisted of 116 propositions. After interviewing with experts, 133 indictors were extracted. To extract the intended theme, open and axial coding have been applied. At the final theme 68 indicators were identified. The results from respondents' point of view revealed that all propositions show high quality except eight of them.Keywords: e-government, e-service quality, the value of e-government services, identifying the quality of electronic services, thematic analysis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - Investigating the Design of Applied Positive Organizational Behavior in the Water and Power Industry
zaeimeh Farjadinezhad mehrdad goodarzvand chegini hamid reza rezaii kelidbari morad rezaei dizgahPositive organizational behavior seeks to improve individual and organizational performance by understanding and reinforcing employee positive traits as well as identifying, investing, developing human resource strengths.The aim of the present study is to present the mo MorePositive organizational behavior seeks to improve individual and organizational performance by understanding and reinforcing employee positive traits as well as identifying, investing, developing human resource strengths.The aim of the present study is to present the model of positive organizational behavior in the water and electricity industry based on the data theory of the foundation in the qualitative stage on the interpretive paradigm and in the quantitative stage based on the paradigm of positivism. Interview documents with human resources managers of the water and electricity industry and university professors were classified and coded in 17 dimensions and 63 indicators using MAXQDA quality software.Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 76% and has a good reliability.The statistical sample size includes 360 people.In evaluating the convergence validity of the mean variance of variables, more than 0.5 is confirmed in the range.PLS and SPSS software were used to analyze the quantitative part.It shows that the average of the variables was estimated at a strong level and the causal factors obtained from the field of management, human resources and technology and administration have a positive and significant effect on the characteristics of positive organizational behavior.Has positive organizational behavior.Strategic factors(structural strategies, contextual strategies)affect the individual, organizational and social consequences of a positive organizational behavior model, and the best way to emulate successful organizations is with an impact factor of 0.78 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - Investigating the effect of social capital on improving and developing the quality of life of athletic and non-athletic students, a case study; Students of the four units of Islamic Azad University of Tehran
ZAHRA JAFARIPOURSANIJ Soroush Fathi Thmores ShiriToday; In developing countries, the distribution of social capital is considered one of the effective factors of sustainable development, which can be considered as the main pillar of development. Since trust, participation and social solidarity are among the dimensions MoreToday; In developing countries, the distribution of social capital is considered one of the effective factors of sustainable development, which can be considered as the main pillar of development. Since trust, participation and social solidarity are among the dimensions of social capital, it is considered a criterion for the development of quality in a social system. which in this case is a basis for development. This research was conducted with the aim of the impact of social capital on the improvement and development of the quality of life of athletic and non-athletic male and female students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran. The tool for collecting information was the researcher-made questionnaire of social capital with 18 questions, the reliability of which was obtained by Cronbach's alpha test method as 0.886. The statistical population of the research was determined from among 135,405 students using the limited population sampling method and through Cochran's formula by reducing d to 0.037. The sample number was 681 people, and after removing outliers and non-answers, 666 responses were examined.Descriptive tests were used to examine the data, and independent t-statistics and one-way analysis of variance were used to test the hypotheses using spss 25 software. The result is that; Sports is one of the categories that directly and indirectly affects health and quality of life and is considered one of the social assets of any advanced society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
537 - Presenting the fuzzy cognitive mapping model of human resource motivation system in fourth generation universities
Fahimeh Babaei Mohammad Ataie mehdi alvani Naser HamidiBackground: The fourth generation university is based on educational, research, entrepreneurship and software technology, and the impact of this modern generation of universities is unlikely without motivated human resources. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ex MoreBackground: The fourth generation university is based on educational, research, entrepreneurship and software technology, and the impact of this modern generation of universities is unlikely without motivated human resources. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explain the policy of the country's fourth generation universities towards motivating academic human resources. Methods: This study was based on a mixed qualitative (metasynthesis) and quantitative (FCM) method. In the qualitative stage, 16 concepts have been defined using the theoretical, research and analytical foundations of experts and the analytical model and concepts in Matlab software. The output of the final matrix in the form of high-triangular matrix data for FCM design was entered into Mental Modeler online software and the graphic design model and weights of input, output, degree of centrality and any type of concepts were clarified. Findings: According to the degree of centrality of each concept, professionalization through intelligent specialization as the first factor, excellence based on intra-university transcendence as the second meaningful concept and internationalization through the development of science and technology parks as the third important concept to achieve the optimum policy and use of human resources were introduced in the fourth generation universities of the country. Based on the output of FCM, four scenarios were designed, each of which represented the changes caused by the increase in other components. Conclusion: Professionalization through intelligent specialization is an important priority in the way of motivating human resources of the fourth generation university. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
538 - Investment as an opportunity cost of dividend messaging
Amir mohammadzadeh alireza yousefnejad mahmood nasiriAbstract: Objective: This article examines the relationship between investment opportunities and the message of future stock profitability. Method: In order to investigate the subject and test the research hypotheses, linear regression models and 1500 data of company- MoreAbstract: Objective: This article examines the relationship between investment opportunities and the message of future stock profitability. Method: In order to investigate the subject and test the research hypotheses, linear regression models and 1500 data of company-year observations in the time return of 2007 to 1399 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been used. Findings: The results show that managers of companies with poor investment opportunities, instead of holding cash, distribute profits among investors. They invest positive value and distribute more dividends to shareholders next year to avoid the unintended consequences of reducing dividends. Also, changes in dividends in companies with strong and weak investment opportunities make it possible to predict changes in companies' future profits in the coming years, but the previous power is not significant. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that changes in dividends contain information about the amount of investment opportunities facing the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - A Decision Aide Supporting System for Supplier Evaluation and Selection Based on UTASTAR Method
ali khatami firoozabadi jahanyar bamdad soofi fatemeh taheri mojtaba salehiSupplier selection is a multi-criterion issue which embraces both qualitative and quantitative criteria. In order to select the best suppliers, it is necessary to make a trade-off between these criteria, yet some of them may conflict. In this article, we present a decis MoreSupplier selection is a multi-criterion issue which embraces both qualitative and quantitative criteria. In order to select the best suppliers, it is necessary to make a trade-off between these criteria, yet some of them may conflict. In this article, we present a decision aide supporting system so that first of all suppliers are evaluated and ranked by utilizing TOPSIS method and then the marginal utility function of the problem are estimated by UTASTAR method. In the end, we can evaluate other suppliers of the organization or suppliers which the organization wants to work with in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - Development of congestion model in fuzzy data envelopment analysis
Alireza Alinezhad Behnam MohamadbeigiThis paper studies the congestion model development in fuzzy data envelopment analysis. To obtain the lower and upper bounds for concepts of efficiency and inputs and outputs, it is possible to apply the advantages of α-cut which exists in fuzzy data envelopment a MoreThis paper studies the congestion model development in fuzzy data envelopment analysis. To obtain the lower and upper bounds for concepts of efficiency and inputs and outputs, it is possible to apply the advantages of α-cut which exists in fuzzy data envelopment analysis. Additionally, this paper proposes a new concept of congestion which examines congestion from an optimistic and pessimistic viewpoint. In this concept, the optimistic case examines congestion in a condition that the under-investigation decision making unit provides the optimum output by taking the lowest input. The pessimistic case, also, demonstrates a condition in which the under-investigation decision making unit provides the worst output by taking the optimum input. Using these two cases, the congestion is studied in fuzzy data envelopment analysis.Keywords: Data envelopment analysis, fuzzy data envelopment analysis, optimistic and pessimistic congestion, α-cut. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - Application of Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process and Quality Function Deployment Techniques for Supplier's Assessment
Alireza Alinezhad Azadeh Seif -
Open Access Article
542 - Reliability Analysis of a Mounted Moldboard Plow Bottom Standard using the FORM Method
Seyed Mohammad Reza Nazemosadat Mojtaba Naderi-Boldaji Davoud Ghanbarian Mohammad Amin Nematollahi -
Open Access Article
543 - Navigation of mobile robot motion
Hameedah Sahib HasanAs one of the fastest growing fields in engineering, robotics is designed to perform in dangerous and difficult work environments while easing labor-intensive duties. One of the major issues in robotics is the need to design a fast and effective procedure for the naviga MoreAs one of the fastest growing fields in engineering, robotics is designed to perform in dangerous and difficult work environments while easing labor-intensive duties. One of the major issues in robotics is the need to design a fast and effective procedure for the navigation of mobile robots. Mobile robots have been used to execute tasks such as vital medical patrol and rescue, planetary exploration, material handling, etc. It is therefore important to develop intelligent mobile robots capable of moving independently in different environments. Thus, in this work, a study on the navigation of mobile robots with methods applied was carried out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
544 - Stress Analysis of the Scoliosis Disorder.
Fatemeh Nori Seyed Hooman Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
545 - Evaluation of Torsional Single Story Structure During Earthquake According to Canadian provision
Seiyed Ali Haj Seiyed Taghia Masoud Ebrahimi Abdoulreza Sarvghad Moghadamc -
Open Access Article
546 - Assessment of the Drain Conditions on Variations of the Pore Pressure in Surrounding Soil of the Tunnel
Mohammad Azadi Azadi S.M Mir Mohammad Hosseinib S.M. Nasimifar M Pouranian -
Open Access Article
547 - Expression of conceptual model of perception based on synergy of multisensory landscapes in Kerman traditional bazar
Fatemeh Khajeh hasani Mehdiyeh Moeini Ajhang Baghaee Reza AfhamiConversion of conceptual model of perception based on synergy of multisensory landscapes in Kerman traditional bazarAbstract Problem statement: all the information we have about our surrounding world is obtained through our senses. The senses inform us of possible risks MoreConversion of conceptual model of perception based on synergy of multisensory landscapes in Kerman traditional bazarAbstract Problem statement: all the information we have about our surrounding world is obtained through our senses. The senses inform us of possible risks and provide us the required information for interpreting the events and predicting the future. Also, it is through senses that we feel the joy and pain and recognize colors. All this information helps us to have more complex phenomena like perception and recognition. In fact, without senses these processes won't happen and we won't be able to use our other mental abilities. In another hand , in the western culture, from historical point of view, vision has been regarded as the most original sensory perception; either in ancient Greece or in Renaissance, with invention of perspective has yet dominated on other human senses. , the architectural experience is multisensory and man doesn't just see the space but smell, hear, touch and even taste it.In his view, all sensory perceptions such as vision have been taken of the tactile sensation and are designated to the skin. All sensory experiences are related to the tactile sensation and this is the body which is located in the center and finally creates a combination of perceptions senses which gives the architecture meaning.Sense perception, due to presence in the space, is the most important factor of perception of the architecture physical identity. Though, often in the contemporary architecture space, the sense of sight is enumerated as the most original factor of sense perception. But, in reality, this superiority of the sense of sight on other senses has caused the audience of the architectural space faces the one-dimensional and superficial perception and doesn’t experience the main principle of interaction with the space, that is the sense of being in the living environment and receives the sense of agitation and identity perception weakness with the architectural space and the joy of presence and sense of attachment to space in the most inexpressive possible state, while in the architectural space like traditional bazars, the sensory richness institutionalized in the space leads to the perception of the physical identity of various spaces of the bazar through creation of conceptual interaction with the audience and synergy of multiple senses. According to this, this study aims to identify the synergy of multisensory landscapes through the approach of sensory landscaping approach. For this purpose, through the evaluation of the audiences' perception of multisensory landscapes in each space of Kerman traditional bazar, it seeks to achieve a clear perception of the nature of synergy of multisensory landscapes based on sensory perception of various physical spaces of the bazar and finally based on recognition of the type and rate of effectiveness of sensory landscapes, investigate the multisensory perception. Research question: How the synergy of multisensory landscapes is shaped in various architectural frameworks of traditional bazar? Research objectives: Evaluation of the audiences' multisensory perception in any of the spaces of Kerman traditional bazarsResearch method: In this study, at first by library studies with the aim of identifying multisensory perception, multisensory landscapes are determined and for evaluation of the audiences mental image of multisensory landscapes in the field studies, the instruments of questionnaire, SPSS software, GIS with IDW method is used for analysis of spatial data (UTM). Analytical-descriptive method is utilized for inference of the quality of synergy of multisensory landscapes. The most important findings and research conclusion: Finally, it is concluded that the audience perception in Kerman traditional bazar is multisensory and its reason is existence of sensory landscapes in Kerman traditional bazar in various sections of the bazar and it is shaped through synergy of these sensory landscapes. This sensory synergy due to five senses shapes the sensory richness in the audience. Then, due to the individual features and environmental factors and focusing on memorability and creation of sense of association, mental image is created in the audience and finally causes the creation of the sense of attachment to the place in the audience and as a result leads to the audience multisensory perception in this place. Keywords: senses, multisensory perception, traditional bazar, sensory landscapes, sensory synergy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
548 - The Effectiveness of Teaching Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence on Increasing the Psychological Well-Being and Self-Control in Hamedan Girl's Students
karim Afsharinia Zohreh SoozaniAbstract Today, the subject of emotional intelligence for communicating with others and spiritual intelligence in order to communicate with the extramarital world, as two important cognitive emotional approach, plays a significant role in psychological well-being and se MoreAbstract Today, the subject of emotional intelligence for communicating with others and spiritual intelligence in order to communicate with the extramarital world, as two important cognitive emotional approach, plays a significant role in psychological well-being and self-control of adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of teaching emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on the increase of psychological well-being and self-esteem psychological among eleven-year-old girl students in Hamedan. The research method was semi-experimental with control and experimental group. The population of this study was 350 people. The sample of this study was 200 Hamedan girl students that selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The number of students was randomly assigned 20 persons to the control group and the experimental group. The tools used in this study was questionnaire Reef psychological well-being, self-control questionnaire Tanjy, Drmany_Mvzshy . The results showed that emotional intelligence training affects students' psychological well-being and their self-control (P <0.05). Also Spiritual intelligence training affects students' psychological well-being and their self-control (P <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
549 - Marital commitment prediction based on relationship patterns: Mediator role of love styles
Aylar Kolahdozipour vahideh Babakhani V Muhammad Ghamari Jafar PooyamaneshCommitment is considered as one of the important factors of successful without which the relationship between the couples would be superficial and weak. So the partners would not be able to experience the depth of love and intimacy that are the results of loyalty MoreCommitment is considered as one of the important factors of successful without which the relationship between the couples would be superficial and weak. So the partners would not be able to experience the depth of love and intimacy that are the results of loyalty and commitment. The aim of this study is to predict marital commitment based on relationship patterns with the mediator role of love styles. The method of this research was descriptive- correlative. In order to achieve the goals of this study, among all married female teachers who were teaching at 96-97 at Tabriz state schools, 237 people were selected as sample of this research with multistage cluster sampling. Data were gathered through Communication­ Pattern Questionnaire(CPQ), ­Inventory Dimensions of Commitment(ICD) Questionnaire and Triangular Inventory of Love Sternberg Questionnaire and analyzed through multiple regression analysis which is the usual least squares method for calculating path coefficients. the results indicated that there was a positive is positive and meaningful correlation between the constructive communication pattern with marital commitment and there was a negative and meaningful correlation between expectation/withdrawal communication pattern and marital commitment. the findings showed that , there was a positive and meaningful correlation between love styles(intimacy, thrill, commitment) and marital commitment and love styles in fact predict marital commitment. Moreover, love styles(intimacy, thrill, commitment) have mediator role in a relationship between communication patterns and marital commitment. Regarding the meaningful role of communication patterns and love styles in marital commitment, therapists can apply communication patterns and love styles in Couple and family consultings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
550 - Analysis of psychometric properties of the Persian version of the scale of parents' educational expectations and aspirations
Hamideh Abaszadeh Malahat Amani Tyibe RahimiThis study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of parents' educational expectations and aspirations scale. The method is survey type. The statistical population was parents of the first secondary school students in Faruj city MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of parents' educational expectations and aspirations scale. The method is survey type. The statistical population was parents of the first secondary school students in Faruj city in 2021. The samples were selected using the cluster sampling method. Two separate samples were used to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The number of samples in the exploratory analysis was 329 people and in the confirmatory factor analysis 250 people. The parents of the students completed the scale of educational expectations and aspirations of the parents. Internal consistency, test-retest, and split-half methods were used to check reliability. Reliability values for internal consistency, split­- half, and test-retest were obtained 0.82, 0.77, and 0.74, respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used for construct validity. In the exploratory analysis, the range of factor loadings was at an acceptable level. The calculation results of the KMO test were equal to 0.882 and the result of the Bartlett test was equal to 3775.677. In the confirmatory factor analysis were confirmed factors of expectations and valuing education, readiness for academic progress, educational evaluation, and stability of expectations and aspirations. The results of fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model had an acceptable fit. Therefore, the scale of educational expectations and aspirations of parents has the necessary psychometric properties for the Iranian sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
551 - Women's personality With an Adaptive Approach to Artistic and Islamic Culture
Zohreh OleiaeyeeThe purpose of the present research is to investigate the female character with an adaptive approach in art and Islamic culture. The way a subjective image of a woman is portrayed , determines the type of the behavior of society with her, So, this paper… paper us MoreThe purpose of the present research is to investigate the female character with an adaptive approach in art and Islamic culture. The way a subjective image of a woman is portrayed , determines the type of the behavior of society with her, So, this paper… paper uses a Content analysis method to study the female character of Islamic art and Islamic culture with a comparative approach. And seeking to introduce the true personality of a woman in Islamic culture in order to secure and maintain the identity, dignity of a Muslim woman. The findings indicate that women have often been involved in most of the past and some of the contemporary works of their beloved, beautiful and ornamental motifs, and are more concerned with the embodiment of physical pleasure and beauty. And with a patriarchal vision, attributes like foolishness and disloyalty have been attributed to her. in some contemporary works, she has been described as a gorgeous gorge and a creature of wisdom and an effective member of society. while while in the Islamic culture, women have been portrayed as chaste, with dignity and generous who preserve the Islamic values and have an important role in the happiness or misery of the society and can participate……. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
552 - Predicting the self-efficacy of female managers and deputies based on multiple intelligences and social skills
Parinaz Rahimy Amir HoseinzadeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between multiple intelligences and social skills with self-efficacy among school administrators and deputies of Shabestar city. The present study Was a descriptive-correlative research in terms of data collec MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between multiple intelligences and social skills with self-efficacy among school administrators and deputies of Shabestar city. The present study Was a descriptive-correlative research in terms of data collection method andan applied research type in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted Consisted of 75 directors…. the directors and deputies of Shabestar schools. Out of this population 63 women were population by stratified random sampling method. Measuring tools consisted of Gardner multiple intelligences, social skills of Matson et al. (1983) and Schwarzer and Jerousselm self-efficacy questionnaires. In order to analyze the hypotheses, inferential statistics of Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used simultaneously using SPSS.23 software. The results showed that among the components of multiple intelligences, three components of verbal intelligence (r = 0.69), music intelligence (r = 0.67) and interpersonal intelligence (r = 0.56) are related to the self-efficacy of school administrators and school assistants in Shabestar (p>0.01). According to regression results, 76.4% of self-efficacy variance is explained by multiple intelligences and social skills. Therefore, since self-efficacy of managers and deputies has a significant relationship with their multiple intelligences and their social skills. It is suggested that organizations try to improve managers' self-efficacy through the organization of accessible goals, replacing unsuccessful experiences with successful ones and enhancing their self-efficacy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
553 - The role Of Perception of Parenting Styles and Devotion to God to God in Anticipation of Anger Control
Fariba Farazi hamideh mazloumOne of the important and effective factors of the possibility of anger and its quality, is the amount and nature of the devotion to God as well as the parenting style. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to investigate the role of perception of parenting style MoreOne of the important and effective factors of the possibility of anger and its quality, is the amount and nature of the devotion to God as well as the parenting style. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to investigate the role of perception of parenting styles and devotion to God in anger control. Using a correlational method. 150 female students through a multi stage cluster method were selected. Scales of perception of parenting styles (POPS), to God, and anger control were applied to evaluate the research variables. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression using SPSS 21 software. The results showed that, among the styles to God, the safe base in the first step and the protest to separation in the second step, as well as the parenting styles, the mother''s Warmth in the third step significantly predicted student anger control. Therefore, it can be said, the mother''s Warmth, the safe base and protest to separation play an important role in anticipating anger control. Therefore, it is suggested that schools organize workshops to control anger with emphasis on teaching parenting styles and to God in the presence of students and their parents. Keywords: anger control, Attachment to God, Parenting Styles Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
554 - The effectiveness of group reality therapy based on the theory of choice on self-esteem and quality of life of Female married teachers
Monireh Javanmard Ali KhanekashiThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group reality therapy based on the theory of choice on self-esteem and quality of life of Female married teachers in Sari. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and contro MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group reality therapy based on the theory of choice on self-esteem and quality of life of Female married teachers in Sari. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The population of the present study included 150 female married teachers who were teaching at the elementary level.120 of them were selected by cluster random sampling and responded to Crocklop's standard quality of life questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire (World Health Organization). In addition, the questionnaire was cut after the initial screening of 30 teachers who had self-esteem and quality of life. The subjects were randomly selected and put in two groups of experimantal and control , each including 15 subjectsThe experimental group received real-life therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group received no intervention. For analysis of data, multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups’ post-test scores on self-worth and quality of life (P <0.01). This means that group-based reality based on selection theory has led to an increase in the self-worth and quality of life of married female teachers. Keywords: Group therapy based on theory of choice, self-esteem, quality of life, teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
555 - Effectiveness of Communication skills training on marital satisfaction and reducing marital conflicts of female students of the University of Medical Sciences
Mina Azarnik Amin Rafiepoor Mohammad Hatami Mahsa Sadat MousaviAbstractCouples' satisfaction is one of the main factors in determining the Of the mutual life and solving of marital conflict resolution, however, in relation to other effective structures, it is less considered. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness MoreAbstractCouples' satisfaction is one of the main factors in determining the Of the mutual life and solving of marital conflict resolution, however, in relation to other effective structures, it is less considered. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on marital satisfaction and Reducing of the marital conflict in female students of the University of Medical Sciences. The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test-post-test design including a control group . The statistical population of the study Consisted of the total number of female students of the University of Medical Sciences 25-40 years old, from which 30 women were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Pre-test, post-test and follow-up data were obtained for each participant using Inrich Marital Satisfaction and Sanaei,s Marital Conflict Questionnaires. The experimental group underwent communication skills training for ten sessions twice a week and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by Repetead measure ANOVA with SPSS software version 23, In the experimental group, the mean (standard deviation) of marital satisfaction increased from 126.20 (8.76) before the intervention to 155.60 (9.47) after the intervention and to 162.60 (9.26) in the follow-up. Follow-up increased, also in the control group, the mean (standard deviation) of women's marital satisfaction increased from 126.26 (10.64) before the intervention to 12.446 (10.89) after the intervention and to (84.8) 121/40 decreased during the follow-up(P<0.01). The difference in the experimental group in all three stages was statistically significant, except for the post-test and follow-up, which was not statistically significant (P <0.01). In the experimental group, the mean (standard deviation) of marital conflict decreased from 136.06 (5.86) before the intervention to 110.86 (6.17) after the intervention and to 102 (5) in the follow-up. Also in the control group, the mean (standard deviation) of female marital conflict from 137.33 (4.83) before the reduce to to 135.46 (4.53) after the intervention and decreased to 134.60 (6.70) in the Follow-up, which was statistically significant (P<0.01). The study showed that communication skills training could reduce marital conflict and increase the level of marital satisfaction of women in the post-test and follow-up stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
556 - Causal modeling of vulnerability of extramarital relationships based on emotional schemas mediated by sexual function
Sanaz Soltani Ali khademi Abbas Bakhshipour Marzieh Alivandi VafaAn extramarital affair is a traumatic event that can jeopardize a couple's married life. Therefore, the present study was performed to provide a causal modeling of the vulnerability of extramarital relationships based on emotional schemas mediated by sexual function. Th MoreAn extramarital affair is a traumatic event that can jeopardize a couple's married life. Therefore, the present study was performed to provide a causal modeling of the vulnerability of extramarital relationships based on emotional schemas mediated by sexual function. The statistical population in this study was all married women in Tabriz in 1399 who had been married for about 1-10 years. To select a sample from the mentioned population, a sample of at least 384 people was selected by purposive sampling method. Research data were collected using questionnaires on vulnerability of extramarital relationships, female sexual function index and emotional schemas. All analyzes were performed using Smart PLS software version 3. Findings showed that the path coefficient and t-statistic related to the effect of "emotional schemas" on "vulnerability of extramarital relationships" are equal to 0.025 and 1.531, respectively. Because the value of t is less than 1.96; therefore, at a significance level of 0.05, emotional schema has no direct effect on the vulnerability of extramarital relationships. It is also observed that the path coefficient and t-statistic related to the effect of "sexual function" on "vulnerability of extramarital affairs" are -0.249 and 8.240, respectivelyAs the absolute value of t is greater than 2.58; therefore, at a significance level of 0.01, sexual function has a direct effect on the vulnerability of extramarital affairs. Undoubtedly, recognizing and examining the roots of extramarital affairs and planning to prevent and reduce and eliminate the underlying factors, will guide the society in order to improve the level of health, maintain social order and balance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
557 - The effectiveness of psychological toughness training on sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce
Zahra Najafi Rozita Fagimi FarhadiAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of psychological toughness training on sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce. This research was a semi-experimental design. The statistical population of the MoreAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of psychological toughness training on sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce. This research was a semi-experimental design. The statistical population of the research was all couples applying for divorce in Tabriz city in 2022, and 30 of them were selected. In order to collect information, sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts questionnaires and psychological toughness protocol were used. The collected data were analyzed with the help of descriptive statistical methods of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistical methods of multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that psychological toughness training can increase sexual satisfaction and reduce marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce, which is significant at the P<.1 level.Keywords: psychological toughness, sexual satisfaction, marital conflicts, emotional divorceKeywords: psychological toughness, sexual satisfaction, marital conflicts, emotional divorceKeywords: psychological toughness, sexual satisfaction, marital conflicts, emotional divorce Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
558 - Feasibility Study of the Relationship between Marital Satisfaction with Five Major Personality Traits (Case Study, Islamic Azad University of Bonab)
Keyvan Heidarnejad Roghaieh Iranpour Mohamadali HakimThe main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between five major personality traits and marital satisfaction. Accordingly, among married students of the Islamic Azad University of Bonab, 30 couples (60 people) were selected in 2018 using simpl MoreThe main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between five major personality traits and marital satisfaction. Accordingly, among married students of the Islamic Azad University of Bonab, 30 couples (60 people) were selected in 2018 using simple random sampling method. The measuring instruments including two questionnaires (Revised NEO Personality Inventory and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale) are performed on the subjects. Data analysis results showed that marital satisfaction is positively correlated with extraversion, openness to experience, consensus and conscientiousness (P>0.05); but negatively correlated with neuroticism (P<0.05). In other words, the regression results indicate that in case of marital satisfaction, the effects of four personality traits Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
559 - dentify the components of philosophical thought in terms of Frankel and Russell and providing the pattern of education of philosophical thought for the teachers of Secondary School khoy city
Hamid Reza Rezazadeh Bahadoran azam farhadi ali akbar khosro babadiThe present study was to identify the components of philosophical thought in terms of Frankel and Russell and providing the pattern of education of philosophical thought for the teachers of Secondary School was done. The method of research type of studies is mixed. MoreThe present study was to identify the components of philosophical thought in terms of Frankel and Russell and providing the pattern of education of philosophical thought for the teachers of Secondary School was done. The method of research type of studies is mixed. In part, qualitative methods, codecategories, inductive and in the little part also of the methods of inferential statistics exploratory factor analysis, and factor analysis confirmation for the second order method, the maximum true exponential was used.The statistical population of the research, in part, qualitatively, include all documents the national and international relevant and in the quantitative section consists of all teachers of high schools of Khoy city to the number of 1056 people.Examples of research in the section quality include all documents and evidence relevant is available to the researcher was the sample size in the quantitative section, according to the method of analysis and using the method of multistage cluster sampling., the 228 was estimated that included 118 male and 110 female.In this study, 6 components, as the main components of philosophical thought (meditation, flexibility, interactivity, curiosity, personality unity, meaning) of Frankel and Russell, respectively. Results at the level of analysis of the questions showed that all the questions with components of their load factor reasonable.The results of the analysis, drag the fitting the optimal design model with the experimental data was considered the structures of philosophical thought in the questions and also on the level of components was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
560 - An Analysis of the Status of Gender Justice in Urban Spaces (Case Study: Tabriz City)
Ahad Beheshti asl Reza Valizadeh Hasan AhmadzadehThe presence of women and their role in shaping today's urban spaces is an important issue.On the other hand, the issue of gender and gender equality in urban spaces is an issue that is often marginalized Gender equality means respect for the equality of men and women w MoreThe presence of women and their role in shaping today's urban spaces is an important issue.On the other hand, the issue of gender and gender equality in urban spaces is an issue that is often marginalized Gender equality means respect for the equality of men and women with access to all cultural,social, and economic opportunities in a way that does not prejudice or overwhelm anyone.The method of this research is descriptive-analytical with practical purposes.About 267 questionnaires were distributed among women based on Cochran model and data were analyzed by exploratory factor and t-test. Cronbach's alpha for the reliability of thequestionnaire was 89.1, indicating the desired reliability.Based on exploratory factor analysis, the questions were categorized into four factors (physical, access, social security andcultural) that account for 68.35% of the total variance. The results show that physical, access and socio-cultural factors with significant levels of 0.043, 0.016 and 0.033, respectively, are not in good agreement with women's needs and only security factor with significant level of 0.220 shows favorable status for respondents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
561 - An analysis of the semantic implications of the general term in the principles of contemporary jurisprudence
ghasem obydavi raziye aminiOne of the major foundations of ijtihad, but also the focus of its discussions, is the use of the book and tradition in general. On the one hand, the discovery of sentences must always be considered and avoided. It reveals these debates, as this has led the great schola MoreOne of the major foundations of ijtihad, but also the focus of its discussions, is the use of the book and tradition in general. On the one hand, the discovery of sentences must always be considered and avoided. It reveals these debates, as this has led the great scholars to take a special interest in their debates. Principles on the quality of the terms have been interpreted to mean the generality of different and dispersed theories. In this research, using descriptive-analytical method, with the help of various principled sources, the inspiration of the words of the Great Principles and search has been tried. In the Arabic language, analyze each of these theories, and finally examine the need or need for the introduction of wisdom in the mechanism of the term public speaking, limiting the present research to the status quo by applying conventional understanding. It is a literal signification, and in the general discussion of the analogy of priority, it was concluded that the literal signification of the causal modalities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
562 - the validity of absolute conjecture and its function in the new issues in terms of Imamiyah Jurisprudence
mohammad etemadi hormoz asadikoohbad Sayyed Hassan HosseiniAnalyzing the validity of absolute conjecture in response to the new issues in terms of Imamiyah Jurisprudence Abstract Absolute conjecture is a conjecture that there is no any definitive reason for the conjecture, including rational and narrated reason, except for th MoreAnalyzing the validity of absolute conjecture in response to the new issues in terms of Imamiyah Jurisprudence Abstract Absolute conjecture is a conjecture that there is no any definitive reason for the conjecture, including rational and narrated reason, except for the cause of the great obstruction; as there is no a particular reason for its lack of validity. The great obstruction means: At this time and the same time, it is impossible to obtain the knowledge of sentences and religious duties, because of the lack of access to the holy legislator and obtaining duty; on the other side, it is not possible to leave the duties; so, it is necessary to act based on conjecture and both basic and absolute conjecture have the validity. The current study considers absolute conjecture as the proof by this reasoning, and then, is concluded by expressing the jurisprudence approaches to the new issues and topics as follows: the advancement of science has caused the new issues in human life and wide and complicated social relations, that In the past, there were not these issues and relations and the effects of necessary laws, so the jurisprudent and the . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
563 - Investigation of the Scope and Limits of Judge Intervention in Judicial Modification of Contracts from the Perspective of Iran and Egypt Law
Abdollah Khatib mohammadreza fallah Ali TavallaeiSometimes, after the conclusion of the contract and at the stage of implementation, the conditions governing the contract would change substantially, so that this change in circumstances was not foreseen by the parties at the time of concluding the contract, and this wo MoreSometimes, after the conclusion of the contract and at the stage of implementation, the conditions governing the contract would change substantially, so that this change in circumstances was not foreseen by the parties at the time of concluding the contract, and this would cause extreme hardship to the obliged party conventionally. In such a situation, the importance of the intervention of the magistrate in the contracts concluded and, finally, the modification of the contractor's obligations becomes an irrefutable necessity, but the important point is to determine the logical scope and limit for the intervention of the judges in the contracts involving the hardship, the necessity of which is also very tangible. Because in case of change in the circumstances, complying with the provisions of the contract would not be the actual intention of the parties to the agreement and not valid and acceptable by the holy legislator. Considering the above mentioned points, the important issue that we are looking for in this study is the determination of a logical framework for the intervention of judges in the contracts and whether the intervention of the judge in the contracts would be limitless and absolute or not? Investigations and results of this research, as well as the author's viewpoint, suggest that the intervention of the judge for making fair the contractual obligations is limited and is subject to certain conditions and formalities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
564 - The evolution of philosophical views on the place of man in government
Saadullah Ebrahimi Ahmadabad Seyed Mustafa Abtahi Mustafa KawakbianThe relationship between the people and the government and the role of the people in the government are among the issues raised in political philosophy. In this research, philosophical views on the position of the people in government have been studied and specifically MoreThe relationship between the people and the government and the role of the people in the government are among the issues raised in political philosophy. In this research, philosophical views on the position of the people in government have been studied and specifically representatives of philosophical views from ancient times to the modern period have been researched. The results of this study show that the share and position of people in the philosophical views of antiquity and the Middle Ages is limited. In ancient times, the role of the people was not recognized as a group with rights or political will. This thinking has continued in the Middle Ages. In the modern era, for the first time, people are clearly beyond the group for whom the government has educational duties or overpowers; They appear in political philosophy, and concepts such as social contract for Hobbes and fiduciary for Locke present government as the manifestation of the collective will of the people. Hobbes prescribes a kind of absolute government, Locke gives originality to individuality, and presents the state as the agent of the people. Weber is also based on the three forms of authority, and the relationship between government and people is accepted in his thought as a form of authority. But Kant, by focusing on the position of man in government and the characteristics he names for it, considers the republican government to be the only legitimate government in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
565 - Growth performace of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fed by Diatoma microalgae in the pond
Fatemehsadat TahamiAbstractThe common method of fertilizing to increase live food (microalgae) in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ponds has disadvantages, including the fact that fertilizers increase the population of microalgae of all types (toxic and non-toxic) without human control and thu MoreAbstractThe common method of fertilizing to increase live food (microalgae) in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ponds has disadvantages, including the fact that fertilizers increase the population of microalgae of all types (toxic and non-toxic) without human control and thus can cause growth. Unwanted to become harmful algae. This study was carried out at the same time with the beginning of the summer season and breeding of silver carp juveniles, with the aim of enriching the microalgae composition of warm-water fish breeding ponds located in Mazandaran province. Growth rate was calculated according to the treatments. 100 young juveniles of 90 g silver carp were stored in each pond. This study was carried out at the same time with the beginning of the summer season and breeding of silver carp juveniles, with the aim of enriching the microalgae composition of warm-water fish breeding ponds located in Mazandaran province. Growth rate was calculated according to the treatments. 100 young juveniles (90 g) of Silver Carp were stored in each pond. Expeiments were performed in circular concrete ponds with a diameter of 6 meters and a water height of 1 meter with 3 treatments. Different microalgae compositions (treatments 1: 70% chlorella, 30% diatoma, 2: 70% diatoma, 30% chlorella and 3: control treatment of natural algae composition of the area) wee fed ding the experiment. In this study, the growth rate of silver carp in different densities of Diatoma and Chlorella algae was evaluated in combination with different percentages in the pond environment and at the end of the experiment, survival percentage, fish growth rate, specific growth rate and average daily growth were calculated. Ponds whose fish were water-enriched with Diatoma microalgae with a density of 70% had higher growth (survival rate, fish growth rate, and specific growth rate and aveage daily growth). Also, according to this study, since one of the conditions for having a healthy farmed fish is to have a healthy and proper nutrition, so it is necessary to increase the share of edible microalgae Diatoma in the breeding environment of these fish to produce more and higher quality of these fish acquired. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - Effect of different light intensity at continuous photoperiod on growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
sahebali ghorbaniAbstract[1]This investigation was conducted to determine optimal light intensity of continuous photoperiod (24L/0D) at Research Station of aquatics nutrition and live food, located at Bandar Anzali in 2008-2009 for 60 days. The trial was carried out in 12 fiberglass tan MoreAbstract[1]This investigation was conducted to determine optimal light intensity of continuous photoperiod (24L/0D) at Research Station of aquatics nutrition and live food, located at Bandar Anzali in 2008-2009 for 60 days. The trial was carried out in 12 fiberglass tanks with a water volume of 80L, with flow rate of 0.8 l/min, and fish stocked at rate of 20 fish/tank with average initial weight of 12-13 gr. The design of the experiment consisted of 4 treatments with triplicates which included light intensity 100 Lx, 200 Lx, 300 Lx, and 400 Lx. The experimental fish fed on commercial food of FFT and GFT for the weight groups of 12-30, 30-50 gr respectively. The statistical analysis indicated that with increasing of light intensity growth rate increased from 100 Lx to 400 Lx but the Weight gain (%), Specific growth rate, Food conversion ratio, Condition factor and Survival (%) were not significantly different among all treatments (P>0.05). The statistical analysis did not show significant difference among all treatments. The results of this experiment showed that the best growth rate and optimal food conversion ratio was obtained from light intensity 300-400. *- Corresponding Authors; Email: sahebali_ghorbani@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
567 - A review on ammonia toxicity in fish
Alireza JahanbaniAbstractAmmonia toxicity is one of the most common types of poisoning in fish, which sometimes manifests itself in acute and sometimes chronic forms. Ammonia enters the water from various sources such as industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, and decomposition of micro MoreAbstractAmmonia toxicity is one of the most common types of poisoning in fish, which sometimes manifests itself in acute and sometimes chronic forms. Ammonia enters the water from various sources such as industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, and decomposition of microorganisms living in water and as the final excreta resulting from the catabolism of proteins and amino acids in aquatic animals. Ammonia poisoning is associated with a wide range of symptoms due to the concentration of this substance. These symptoms can range from simple behavioral changes to severe neurological symptoms and death. Fish adopt different strategies when this poisoning occurs; these include reducing nutrition, reducing protein metabolism, detoxifying ammonia and turning it into less toxic substances. Almost all fish organs respond to ammonia poisoning, but organs such as the liver, gills, muscles, and brain play a more prominent role in the development of symptoms, condition control, and detoxification. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms of these organs in the face of ammonia toxicity and understanding the pathophysiology of this toxicity can help prevent or manage this poisoning if it occurs. Of course, not all fish species respond the same way to ammonia toxicity, and some species that are more resistant may be better breeding options. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
568 - Possibility of development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cage culture in Golestan Dam
taher PoursoofiAbstractNatural and semi-natural water resources with proper planning can be used for the production of aquatic, especially fish, and it is necessary to first assess the ecological factors and production potential. Then, the optimum cage culture number in a field was ca MoreAbstractNatural and semi-natural water resources with proper planning can be used for the production of aquatic, especially fish, and it is necessary to first assess the ecological factors and production potential. Then, the optimum cage culture number in a field was calculated based on maximizing the area of the appropriate farming and taking into account the confidence interval of about 80 meters. The results indicate 80, 80 and 100 cage culture in each region for cold water cultivation, respectively. Considering the 80 meter confidence distances and the optimal number of cage culture, the method of arrangement of cold-water fish farms in Golestan Dam was determined. According to the established design, the area suitable for the cultivation of cold water is 10 hectares (20 farms with 80 cage culture), 10 hectares (20 farms with 80 cage culture) and 12 hectares (25 farms with 100 cage culture), respectively. It should be noted that the minimum depth required for the establishment of cages for fish farming should be 3.3 meters in order to be able to farming. In general, if the depth of the water at the cage's position at the time of the introduction of the baby is at least 5 to 6 meters, the area of 32 hectares and the establishment of the cage, approximately 108 tons of fish can be harvested. If the water depth of the cage is less than 4 meters, about 60 tons of salmon can be caught. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
569 - The effect of cold argon plasma on the activity of oxidative enzymes of important commercial soybean cultivars used in aquatic diets
Amir Hossein SariAbstract Cold plasma due to its temperature in the range of 25-100° C under atmospheric or even lower pressure, can be employed to improve healthy and quality of crops. By using this technique, industrial food developers are not forced to employ chemical materials MoreAbstract Cold plasma due to its temperature in the range of 25-100° C under atmospheric or even lower pressure, can be employed to improve healthy and quality of crops. By using this technique, industrial food developers are not forced to employ chemical materials or other toxic methods. In the present study, the impact of cold argon plasma on 4 cultivars and 2 within cultivar (class) of soybean seeds cultivars used in aquatic diets was studied. In this manner, activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were measured respectively by Chance-Maehly, Nakano-Asada and Giannopolitis-Ries. The observations confirmed the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased as 0.88-4.40, 0.4-4.01 and 0.86-5.89 fold, respectively. The corresponding values were obtained by the plasma for 60 s and almost all enzymes indicated a lower activity with the plasma treatment for 420 s. These observations confirmed that for promotion of seed germination and enzyme activity, the plasma for 60 s with the frequency and voltage of 8 kHz and 5 kV is needed. In contrast, the longer exposure times make a lower physiological activity in seeds. In general, this method is suggested to reach healthier and heavier seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
570 - Chemical composition of fillet and some biochemical and enzymatic parameters of blood serum in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) at different weights
Firuz Zahed مجید Mohammad NejadAbstract Knowing the chemical composition of food consumed by humans is one of the important principles in preparing diets. The Siberian sturgeon is a good species for aquaculture due to its good growth in different sizes in breeding systems and its ab MoreAbstract Knowing the chemical composition of food consumed by humans is one of the important principles in preparing diets. The Siberian sturgeon is a good species for aquaculture due to its good growth in different sizes in breeding systems and its ability to reproduce sexually in captivity. In this study, the chemical composition of fillet and some biochemical and enzymatic indicators of blood serum in Siberian sturgeon in different weights were investigated. Fish in 5 groups of mean weight of 0.5-0.7 kg, 2.5-2 kg, 6-7 kg, 10-12 kg and 15-17 kg and with 3 fish from each group were studied. The results of the present study showed that with increasing weight and size of fish, the amount of protein, ash and fiber decreases and the amount of fat increases (P <0.05), but the amount of moisture at different weights does not differ (P> 0.05). The results of the present study showed that fish weight affects the biochemical parameters of fish serum, so that with increasing weight, the amount of cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and iron increases (P <0.05), but the amount of albumin, calcium, sodium and potassium did not change (P> 0.05). While the highest amount of protein in the weight group was 6 to 7 kg. Also, the level of stress indices (glucose and cortisol) increased with weight gain and the amount of serum enzymes was higher at low weights (P <0.05). The results of the present study showed that the size and weight of fish affect the chemical composition of fillet and some biochemical and enzymatic factors of fish blood serum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
571 - Correlation of biotic and abiotic parameters by principal component analysis method in the southern region of the Caspian Sea
smv farabiThe biological organisms (phytoplankton, zooplankton, Macrobenthos and ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi) along with some non-biological factors (Physico-chemical parameters and pollutants) of water were investigated in the Caspian Sea during 2007-2008. The sample station wa MoreThe biological organisms (phytoplankton, zooplankton, Macrobenthos and ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi) along with some non-biological factors (Physico-chemical parameters and pollutants) of water were investigated in the Caspian Sea during 2007-2008. The sample station was located between 48° to 54° longitude and 36° to 39° latitude. The samples were gathered in four seasons and eight transects (half-line perpendicular to the coast) in Astara, Anzali, Sefidrud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Turkmen. Sampling was done of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 M depth of different layers. Nonparametric test and multivariate analysis (PCA) were run. The results showed that some water physico-chemical factors including organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen (ammonium), salinity, water temperature were more important than other factors. Also, the abundance and biomass of M. leidyi depended on water temperature and nitrogen compounds, which have resulted in a change in abundance, biomass and species composition of marine plankton. So that the number of zooplankton species before the arrival of M. leidyi was 50 species, and only 10 species were observed in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
572 - Ability to remove heavy metals by cyanobacterial strains isolated from saline waters of Golestan province
bahareh nowruziAbstract[1]Cyanobacteria are found in every ecological environment from saline to dry metal-contaminated environments. Most strains of these bacteria are capable of producing extracellular polymeric materials from natural polysaccharides. Negative Charge of Extracellula MoreAbstract[1]Cyanobacteria are found in every ecological environment from saline to dry metal-contaminated environments. Most strains of these bacteria are capable of producing extracellular polymeric materials from natural polysaccharides. Negative Charge of Extracellular Polymeric Materials (EPS) Cyanobacteria are widely used to isolate low-concentration metal cations around the cell. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of twenty-five strains of cyanobacteria to remove heavy metals. The twenty-five strains of cyanobacteria isolated from saline waters of Golestan province were cultured after cultivation and purification, with a concentration of 10 mg / l nickel, copper and chromium Became. After twenty-four hours, the rate of metal removal from the solution was measured with differences in metal concentrations before and after contact with cyanobacterial culture. The results were analyzed using SPSS and mean comparision were prtformed with Tukey test. The results of statistical analysis showed that all twenty-five strains of salinity-resistant cyanobacteria were able to easily remove heavy metals, and this indicates the ability of their environment. However, strain N3 (dry weight 513 mg) belonging to the order Nostocales of heterocystic cyanobacteria, with a significant difference, had the highest ability to remove nickel, chromium and copper metals compared to other strains. The results of this study can be an important step towards the introduction of salinity-resistant cyanobacterial strains in the removal of heavy metals. *- Corresponding authors; bahareh.nowruzi@srbiau.ac.ir Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
573 - Osteological characteristics of Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus)
ابوالقاسم KamaliAbstract[1] & MoreAbstract[1] This study was conducted to study of osteological structure of the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus). Five specimens of Caspian roach was purchased from local fishermen from the Turkmen Harbor. The cleared and stained specimens and their separated parts were scanned and photographed using an Epson v700 scanner equipped to glycerin bath. The bone structures were examined and described using a stereomicroscope Leica (MS5). Characteristics of the Caspian roach’s skeleton including cephalic, post-cranial, caudal regions were described in detail to provide the osteological feature of the Caspian roach. * Corresponding Authors; Email: kamali.abolghasem@gmail.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
574 - Induced reproduction of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) using pituitary extract, hCG and LHRHa2
samaneh poursaeidAbstract[1]This study was carried out with the aim of induction of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) using various hormones. For this reason, fish were injected under four hormonal treatments, so that each group of four broods were injected in two doses with pituitary hormo MoreAbstract[1]This study was carried out with the aim of induction of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) using various hormones. For this reason, fish were injected under four hormonal treatments, so that each group of four broods were injected in two doses with pituitary hormone extract (1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg), LHRHa2 (3.5 and 10 µg/kg), hCG (150 and 500 IU/kg), and saline (control). The results showed that all male and wild females responded to pituitary extract and LHRHa2, while in wild female which injected with hCG and farmed females which injected with hCG and pituitary extract, 75 percent responded to hormone therapy and no farmed fish responded to LHRHa2. According to reproductive parameters with the parameters including the number of eggs and working fecundity, no significant difference was observed in different treatments. Considering the obtained results from this study it seems that pituitary extract and hCG have a high performance and was recommend induction of artificial reproduction in Pikeperch. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
575 - Effect of feeding with different practical diet on growth performance, food conversation rate and digestive enzyme in Caspian Kutum (Rutilus Kutum) juveniles
javad rezvaniThis study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different practical diet including different carbohydrate and lipid levels on growth performance, digestive enzyme in juveniles of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus kutum). Fish with initial average weight of 1.32 ± 0.25 MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different practical diet including different carbohydrate and lipid levels on growth performance, digestive enzyme in juveniles of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus kutum). Fish with initial average weight of 1.32 ± 0.25 g were fed five isoproteic and isenergic formulated diets with different carbohydrate levels including 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% and different levels of lipid including 23, 21, 19, 17 and 15 % in triplicate groups for 10 weeks. Results showed that carbohydrate level to 25% and 15 % lipid significantly increased some growth indices such as specific growth rate (SGR) and final weight (Wf). Result of digestive enzyme showed that the digestive enzyme significantly influence by carbohydrate and lipid different levels and the highest activity in alkalinphosphatas and N amino peptidase were observed in T1 treatment. These results indicate that increased in carbohydrate levels from 5 to 25% and decreased in lipid levels from 23 to 15 % have not any negative effect on growth parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
576 - Effects of chemical and microbial fertilizers on the biodiversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton orders and density of primary production of earthen ponds of common carp fry
Mehdi Shamsaie MehrganAbstractIn this study, the effect of chemical and microbial fertilizers on the density of primary products and biodiversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton biodiversity categories over a period of three months in a hydrothermal fish farm located in Abadan city MoreAbstractIn this study, the effect of chemical and microbial fertilizers on the density of primary products and biodiversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton biodiversity categories over a period of three months in a hydrothermal fish farm located in Abadan city were studied and compared. The experiment was completely randomized, consisting of two treatments, each with three replications, including the first treatment: water’s pond fertilized by chemical fertilizers and cow manure, and the second treatment: water’s pond fertilized by microbial fertilizers and cow manure. In this study, different types of phosphate fertilizers at the rate of 75 kg per hectare and microbial fertilizers including two nitrogen bacteria, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Bacillus coagulans were used. The results of this study showed that the mean of phytoplankton counted in the first treatment (chemical fertilizer) was significantly higher than their number in the second treatment (microbial fertilizer) (P<0.05). Among them, most of the counted phytoplankton belonged to the Bacillariophyceae class in chemical fertilizer treatment. However, the mean of zooplankton counted in the second treatment (microbial fertilizer) indicated a higher number of zooplankton compared to the first treatment (chemical fertilizer) (P<0.05). Among them, most of the counted zooplankton belonged to the Rotifer class in microbial treatment. In conclusion, due to the zooplankton being eaten by most carp juveniles in hydrothermal ponds in the first year of breeding and a significant increase in zooplankton population in microbial fertilizer treatment compared to chemical fertilizer, it can be concluded that microbial fertilizers have a positive effect on the number of zooplankton in hydrothermal pools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
577 - The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of mistletoe (Viscum album) on growth indices, blood parameters and serum biochemistry of rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss)
mahshid shamloofarIn this study, the effect of mistletoe extract added to rainbow trout diet was investigated on growth indicators, blood factors and blood serum biochemistry of rainbow trout. For this purpose, fish with an average weight of 11.3 ± 1.28 grams were fed with salmon MoreIn this study, the effect of mistletoe extract added to rainbow trout diet was investigated on growth indicators, blood factors and blood serum biochemistry of rainbow trout. For this purpose, fish with an average weight of 11.3 ± 1.28 grams were fed with salmon basic food (40% protein and 16% fat) with different levels of zero (control), 0.5, 1 and 1.5% of mistletoe extract for 45 days. At the end of the feeding period, blood was drawn from the caudal vein of fish. Growth indicators, blood (white and red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC and differential count of white blood cells), blood serum biochemistry (protein, glucose, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride), metabolic enzymes including alkaline phosphatase enzyme ( ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. The obtained results showed that in all the growth and nutrition indicators, the total number of red blood cells, blood hemoglobin, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and ALT, AST and LDH enzymes in the serum of fish fed with a diet containing mistletoe extract was significantly different from the treatment. There is a witness. The results of this study show that the addition of mistletoe extract to the diet of rainbow trout has a positive effect on improving the growth indicators, blood and biochemical variables of the fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
578 - Anesthetic effects of Lidocaine-hydrochloride and Caryophillium aromaticus in simulated transport experiment on quality parameters of rainbow trout juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss
s.ehsan saberi abas Sadeghloo farahnaz LakzaeiAbstractSimulated transportation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings to study stress reactions the effects of Lidocaine hydrochloride and Caryophillium aromaticus on water quality parameters Dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) and pH of control g MoreAbstractSimulated transportation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings to study stress reactions the effects of Lidocaine hydrochloride and Caryophillium aromaticus on water quality parameters Dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) and pH of control group and treated group of 5, 10, 20 ppm Lidocaine hydrochloride and 5, 10, 30ppm Caryophillium aromaticus similar experiments simulating the park et al (2009) of Winter flounder Pleuronectes effected Lidocaine hydrochloride Done separately for each period of 5 hours in 3 replicate samples in the results relative decline DO 4.42 ppm and increase NH4+ 0.45mg/l after 5h without loss of sample groups Lidocaine hydrochloride but increase NH4+ 2.04mg/l and the sharp decline DO 2.10ppm after 5h caused the juveniles were suffering losses %100 due to the high concentration of anesthetic Caryophillium aromaticus shock and did not leave. The purpose of simulating long-term transport juveniles Oncorhynchus mykiss separated by an anesthetic Lidocaine hydrochloride and Caryophillium aromaticus measure strength and economic of these results is non-toxic and effective anesthetic being also group 20 ppm Lidocaine hydrochloride is an effective rate in the Caryophillium aromaticus 5 ppm and control group critical condition operations metabolism excretion are juveniles Oncorhynchus mykiss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
579 - The role of spermatological characteristics on artificial propagation efficiency of immigrant kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kameneskii 1901) to Sefidroud River
S.Z Fallah ShamsiAbstract[1]Different factors such as the quality of ova and sperm are involved in propagation process. Mobility percentage, pH, mobility duration, compaction and osmolarity of sperm which affect the quality of sperm were tested in this research. This study was carried o MoreAbstract[1]Different factors such as the quality of ova and sperm are involved in propagation process. Mobility percentage, pH, mobility duration, compaction and osmolarity of sperm which affect the quality of sperm were tested in this research. This study was carried out in April 2011 in Shahid Ansari Bony Fishes Propagation and Rearing Center. According to the results, mean and standard deviation of ions in 3 and 4 years old fish were 329.6±11.9 and 343.4±11.9 osmolarity, 47.2±7.4 and 44.5±2.99 spermatocrit, 60.5±12 and 66.3±6.1 mobility duration, 80±6.7 and 83.5±3.9 mobility percentage, 17828750±3199657.8 and 18000000±2090454.5 compaction of sperm and 7.79±0.51 and 7.61±0.26 pH of sperm. The correlation between osmolality, mobility percentage, mobility duration and compaction of sperm with parameters of artificial propagation efficiency (fertilization percentage and hatching rate) was investigated positive, significant and direct. * Corresponding Authors; Email: zahra.falah52@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
580 - Measuring of per capita aquatic consumption and assessing barriers and development strategies for consumption in Mazandaran province
hossein chitsazAbstractThe main objective of this research was determination and analysis of the aquaticconsumption in the urban and rural areas, Mazandaran province. The survey method was used to achieve the research objectives and the main instrument of the research was a researcher MoreAbstractThe main objective of this research was determination and analysis of the aquaticconsumption in the urban and rural areas, Mazandaran province. The survey method was used to achieve the research objectives and the main instrument of the research was a researcher made questionnaire. The questionnaires was completed by visiting each of the research samples (Urban and rural households). 1000 number of them was assigned to the sample based on multi-stage random sampling method. A standard formula was used to estimate the amount of aquaticconsumption. The results showed that the average of per capita consumption in Mazandaran is 10.65 kg, in urban area 8.85 kg and in rural area 8.35 kg/y. On the other hand, inflation and lack of local shopping mall near the workplace and residence are considered as the main problems and obstacles of the consumption level. Regression analysis results also showed that five variables including education level, number of household members, price, income level and knowing how to cooking aquaticexplained more than 57 percent of the change in the consumption of aquatic (R2= 0.57). In the end it is proposed that planning for increasing the levels of information and public culture, diversifying the methods and programs of the extension service and promoting of the aquaticconsumption, expansion of aquaticdistribution and production centers and assistance to cooperative activities and unions in the field of aquaculture marketing and adopting supportive policies for fishing community in order to promoting their welfare and ultimately reducing the price aquatic be considered by aquatic consumption and public health planners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
581 - The effect of fish powder using on wood plastic composite biodegradability
ali kazemiAs the use of wood plastic composites (WPC) in various industries has increased significantly and due to the high importance of environmental issues in industry and research and the fact that products made of petroleum polymers have too little biodegradability, it is im MoreAs the use of wood plastic composites (WPC) in various industries has increased significantly and due to the high importance of environmental issues in industry and research and the fact that products made of petroleum polymers have too little biodegradability, it is important to conduct research to improve and solve this environmental problem. Due to the high amount of volatile nitrogen, low quality fish powder is not used in the industry, and as a result, it can be use as cheap and biodegradable filler in wood plastic. In this research, the effect of fish powder amount, substrate type, and coupling agent (MAPE) amount on the physical characteristics of wood-plastic composite was investigated. The results showed that by increasing fish powder amount and decreasing coupling agent amount, the highest amount of degradability is obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
582 - Genetic variability and differentiation of golden mullet (Liza aurata) in seashore of Mazandaran province using microsatellite molecular
Mohammad BehroozAbstractGenetic structure of golden mullet, Liza aurata, was investigated in the Ramsar and Fereidunkenar shores using 6 microsatellite markers designed for gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) and hand mullet (Mugil soiuy). Totally, 60 samples of adult golden mullet were colle MoreAbstractGenetic structure of golden mullet, Liza aurata, was investigated in the Ramsar and Fereidunkenar shores using 6 microsatellite markers designed for gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) and hand mullet (Mugil soiuy). Totally, 60 samples of adult golden mullet were collected from these regions. All primer sets as polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation. Analyses revealed that average of alleles (Na) per locus was 6.2 (range 3 to 9 alleles). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average estimates of inbreeding coefficient (Fis) values of 6 microsatellites were positive. The average observed and expected heterozygosis was 0.394 and 0.743 respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases (P<0.001). F-statistics (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) estimates in allele frequencies were 0.078 and 2.9, respectively. Rst and Fst estimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions (P≤0.01). Genetic distance was 0.679, indicating that the genetic difference among the studied populations is pronounced. The data generated in this study provides the genetic variation and differentiation in populations of golden mullet in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran province). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
583 - Effect of cations on sperm motility and fertilization capacity in Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
M. Ahmadnejad Abstract[1]Saline solutions containing cations (Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2) were used to investigate the effect of ions on motility characteristics of spermatozoa (sperm movement duration and percentage of motile spermatozoa) and frtilizing capacity of sperm (fertilizati More Abstract[1]Saline solutions containing cations (Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2) were used to investigate the effect of ions on motility characteristics of spermatozoa (sperm movement duration and percentage of motile spermatozoa) and frtilizing capacity of sperm (fertilization rate, hatching rate, larvae length during hatching, larvae length during active feeding and survival rate) in Ctenopharyngodon idella. To survey of the effects of ions on sperm motility, Na+ (NaCl) (2208, 2393 and 2576 mg/L), K+ (KCl) (1200, 1400 and 1800 mg/L), Mg2+ (MgCl2) (132, 228 and 324 mg/L) and Ca2+ (CaCl2) (1000, 1200 and 1400 mg/L) were used. The results showed that, the highest duration of sperm motility and fertilization rate were obtained in solutions containing 2393 and 2576 ml-1 NaCl (P<0.05), respectively. Solutions containing different doses of KCl caused a decrease in percentage of motile spermatozoa, fertilization and hatching rates (P<0.05). The duration of sperm motility decreased in solution containing MgCl2 and immediately after activating by 1200 mgl-1 CaCl2 motility was ceased. Highest hatching rate (80±5 mg/L), survival rate (92.29±0.91 mg/L) were observed in solution containing 1000 mgl-1 CaCl2. With regard to our results can be conclude that NaCl and CaCl2 are influencing factors involved in fertilizing capacity of grass carp. * Corresponding Authors; Email: m_ahmadnezhad@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
584 - The effects of organophosphorous pesticide diazinon on behavior and some hematological parameters of fry rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
rezvanolah kazemiAbstract[1] This study was conducted to evaluate diazinon pesticide impact on some hematological indices in rainbow trout fry in Dr. Keyvan,s Research Center for Fisheries Sciences & Marine Technology (Islamic Azad University, Lahijan branch, Chamkhale port). Durin MoreAbstract[1] This study was conducted to evaluate diazinon pesticide impact on some hematological indices in rainbow trout fry in Dr. Keyvan,s Research Center for Fisheries Sciences & Marine Technology (Islamic Azad University, Lahijan branch, Chamkhale port). During one week 120 pieces rainbow trout fry were exposed to three different consentration of Diazinon including 25, 50 and 75 percent of its LC50 (LC50=1.65 mg/lit) in 3 experimental groups and one blank group (by three times replicates) by O.E.C.D method. Exposed fry fishes showed some signs including neural paralysis, imbalance, abnormal swimming, severe impatience and paleness. The result showed that the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, haematocrit and hemoglobin significantly decreased (P<0.05), but the amount of MCV and MCH increased significantly by 50% and decreased again, lymphocyte increased significantly by 50% and then increased by 75%. Resulted changes in erythrocyte & leukocytes after exposing with diazinon is due to malfunction in hemopoiesis and decrease in non-specific immune system. *- Corresponding Authors; rezkazemi2000@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
585 - Application of prebiotics in biofloc environment: Investigation of nitrogen compounds and growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
hojat jafaryanAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of probiotics (A-max ultra and Celmanax) inoculated into the biofloc system on and water quality and the growth and feeding efficiency of common carp. In a completely random experimental de MoreAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of probiotics (A-max ultra and Celmanax) inoculated into the biofloc system on and water quality and the growth and feeding efficiency of common carp. In a completely random experimental design, 300 pieces of finger fish (4.09 ± 0.70 g) were distributed in fifteen 32 L tanks for 40 days. Two levels of prebiotic and one control was designed which include; 0 (T0), 0.1 and 0.2 mg/l A-max (T1 and T2), 0.1 and 0.2 mg/l Celmanax (T3 and T4) Inoculation in the culture water. The physical and chemical parameters of water were investigated in 4 stages (days 10, 20, 30 and 40 of the experiment). There was a statistical difference in the Ammonia concentration between experimental treatments, which decreased at the end of the experiment. The performance of growth and feeding of fish in biofloc treatments was significantly better than the control treatment. In general, the results showed that the use of A-max ultra and Celmanax probiotics in the biofloc environment can improve the water quality and growth performance of common carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
586 - Indicators growth rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in earthen ponds with use of underground brackish water
mahmood Ghanei TehraniAbstract[1]Because of the scarcity of fresh water resources in the country, the use of brackish and saline water resources for fisheries products is taken into consideration. In this study, growth rainbow trout with brackish water (14 ppt) extracted from underground wat MoreAbstract[1]Because of the scarcity of fresh water resources in the country, the use of brackish and saline water resources for fisheries products is taken into consideration. In this study, growth rainbow trout with brackish water (14 ppt) extracted from underground water sources in the area Esferayen (North Khorasan) in earthen ponds with an area of 3000 square meters with a good depth of 1.8 m was studied. The period of pisciculture were160 days (autumn and winter). The number of primary fish stock in each earth pond was 23000 and average weight of fish 22.7 ± 1.5 g. At the end of rearing period, because of differences in the survival rate of fish in pond1 (82%) and 2 (88%), differences in other parameters were significant (P<0.05). So that in pond of 1 and 2 were determined FE: 0.88±0.02, 0.82±0.02; CF: 1.42±0.01, 1.29±0.03; SGR: 1.51±0.01, 1.40±0.02% /day-1; PER: 2.26±0.05, 2.11±0.06; FCR: 1.18±0.02, 1.25±0.04 and FW: 390±7, 340±7 g. respectively. The results showed that,Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerling have good growth in each pond with brackish water, whereas have difference relative in growth indicator.* Corresponding Authors; Email: salamyaran60@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
587 - Effect of perebiotic Bio-mos (Mannan Oligosaccharide) on some of growth indices, surviving and body composition of Cyprinius carpio
mahshid shamloofar reza akramiAbstractPresent study was done in order to evaluate the effect of Bio-mos (Mannan Oligosaccharide) as a kind of prebiotic on growth and survival of juvenile wild carp. This research was designed a completely randomized design in four levels of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% bio-m MoreAbstractPresent study was done in order to evaluate the effect of Bio-mos (Mannan Oligosaccharide) as a kind of prebiotic on growth and survival of juvenile wild carp. This research was designed a completely randomized design in four levels of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% bio-mos and in four treatment with three replicates. 35 carp juveniles with average weight of 10.8±0.4 gr. were stocked in each tank and fed during 8 weeks. The results of statistics analysis showed the positive effect of increasing level of bio-mos on some of the nutrition and growth indices like general weight (WG), special growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), and survival rate (SR) of wild carp. So that in the level of 0.6 % bio-mos, the amount of mentioned factors increased in comparison with other treatments. Results of this study showed that diets with 0.6 % supplementary bio-mos has effects on increasing of operation of growth and nutrition efficiency in wild carp. The results of chemical analysis of body composition did not show any significant differences between treatments. Also this prebiotic in level of 0.4 and 0.6 can be a suitable supplementary in the diet of wild carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
588 - The role of nursery system in the sustainable development of shrimp farming in the country
lafteh mohseninejadAbstractIn this study, the impact of the use nursery system of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp on the economy for its sustainable development was investigated. Therefore, growth indices and survival indices and daily growth rate of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp were compared MoreAbstractIn this study, the impact of the use nursery system of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp on the economy for its sustainable development was investigated. Therefore, growth indices and survival indices and daily growth rate of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp were compared in two systems with and without immaturity. Three ponds of larval pl12 and another three ponds of unripe shrimp were stored for 45 days in the greenhouse with the same density of 100,000 pieces per hectare in the pound one of the in Abadan Choebdeh shrimp farms. The same food was fed and after 75 days, growth and survival indices, feed conversion ratio and daily growth rate were calculated .The study was performed in 6 pounds of 7000 m2 in two treatments with 3 replications. The breeding period was 75 days and the average temperature was27±5°C. The results showed that in the treatment that used nursery system shrimp in breeding ponds, there was a significant difference in growth, survival and daily growth rate compared to the control group. Also, the production per hectares and final weight were significantly higher than the control group and the feed conversion ratio in the nursery system treatment was significantly lower than the control group. Due to the reduction of shrimp production time in this system compared to the control group. Therefore, nursery system reduces the risk of disease and more economical production and sustainable development of the industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
589 - Effect of safmannan prebiotic on growth performance, carcass composition and survival in koi fish
Hossein VarshoieAbstract[1] This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different levels of prebiotic safmannan in the diet on the growth performance of Koi carp. In this research, 120 pieces of baby fish with an average initial weight of 200 grams were divided i MoreAbstract[1] This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different levels of prebiotic safmannan in the diet on the growth performance of Koi carp. In this research, 120 pieces of baby fish with an average initial weight of 200 grams were divided into 4 groups for 8 weeks and each group had 3 repetitions. (0.01% of prebiotic safmannan per kg of food), treatment 3 (0.15% of prebiotic safmannan per kg of food). Breeding conditions were monitored daily in all 12 pools. The results of this study showed that adding different levels of prebiotic saf mannan to koi fish diet has a significant effect on growth factors (p<0.05). At the end of the experiment, the fish fed in treatment 2 had higher weight, more weight gain and lower food conversion ratio than the control treatment and other treatments (p < 0.05). Also, the use of prebiotic Safmannan in 3 treatments led to increased survival in They were not compared to the control group. In the composition of the carcass, prebiotic safmannan did not cause any change in the amount of protein and fat of the carcasses and only caused an increase in carcass ash and a decrease in the moisture content of koi fish carcasses. * Corresponding Authors;hossein.varshoie@gmail.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
590 - The effect of diets supplemented with vitamins C and E on WBC fluctuations of Acipenser ruthenus
mahmoud bahmaniAbstract[1]This study was conducted to determine the different levels of dietary vitamin C and vitamin E on WBC fluctuations of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) in Dr. Dadman International Sturgeon Research Institute. Nine diets supplemented with a combination of 0, 100 and MoreAbstract[1]This study was conducted to determine the different levels of dietary vitamin C and vitamin E on WBC fluctuations of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) in Dr. Dadman International Sturgeon Research Institute. Nine diets supplemented with a combination of 0, 100 and 400 mg/kg vitamin C, L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (APP), and 0, 100 and 400 mg/kg vitamin E, D-alpha- tocopherol, were fed to sterlet in 2 replicates for 15 weeks. Fifteen fish with the average weight of 350.92±14.28 were distributed to each of 18 tanks after adaptation with experimental diet. The fish were fed 3% of body weight per day. Blood samples were obtained from three fish of each tank at the end of the experiment. The results of blood samples at the end of 15th week revealed a significant difference between WBC and monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils (P<0.05).The highest and the lowest WBC count was observed in fish fed with diets containing 100 mg kg1- vitamin E and 400 mg kg1- vitamin C (diet 6) and fish fed with 400 mg kg1- vitamin E and 400 mg kg1- vitamin C (diet 9), respectively. Also, the highest monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils were observed in fish fed with diets containing 0 mg kg1- vitamin E and 0 mg kg1- vitamin C (diet 1), 0 mg kg1- vitamin E and 100 mg kg1- vitamin C (diet 2) and 400 mg kg1- vitamin E and 400 mg kg1- vitamin C (diet 9), respectively. On the other hand, the lowest monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils were observed in fish fed with diets containing 100 mg kg1- vitamin E and 0 mg kg1- vitamin C (diet 4), 400 mg kg1- vitamin E and 400 mg kg1- vitamin C (diet 9) and 0 mg kg1- vitamin E and 100 mg kg1- vitamin C (diet 2), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
591 - Intensive rearing of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with pelleted food in fiberglass tanks
hamid ramezaniThe intensive culture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was surveyed in fiberglass tanks (2×2 m) feeding pellet during 8 weeks. 201 fish of common carp were selected from three treatments along with three replicates as the average of fish weight was less than 100 ( MoreThe intensive culture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was surveyed in fiberglass tanks (2×2 m) feeding pellet during 8 weeks. 201 fish of common carp were selected from three treatments along with three replicates as the average of fish weight was less than 100 (g) which divided into <50 (g), 50-70 (g) and 70-100 (g). At the first experiment, there was no statistically significant difference between fish weight in relation to replicate treatment. The common pellet food was chosen for feeding from market as fish were fed by the mean of 4% of their body weight a day. The result indicated that the mean of particular growth ratio at first treatment (0.54) was higher than second treatment (0.34) but in comparison with the third treatment (0.46), there was no statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Also, the conversion ratio at the first treatment (5.28) and third treatment (6.09) was lower than the second treatment (35.66) and the third treatment (20.91) was lower than second treatment (24.24). The survey showed the possibility of maintenance of monoculture common carp in small scale by utilizing artificial diet, if the water quality is exposed to change. In this survey, the conversion ratio was relatively high but the growth ratio was low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
592 - Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) plerocercoids in Alburnoides eichwaldi from Alborz Dam reservoir: population dynamics and histopathological study
Abbas BozorgniaAbstract The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of Ligula intestinalis infection in Alburnoides eichwaldi from the Alborz dam reservoir, and investigation the histopathology of infected organs. Accordingly, 36 fish samples were caught. After MoreAbstract The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of Ligula intestinalis infection in Alburnoides eichwaldi from the Alborz dam reservoir, and investigation the histopathology of infected organs. Accordingly, 36 fish samples were caught. After being anesthetized, the biometric indices of fish samples were measured and examined for parasites. The tissue samples of gonads, kidney, liver and intestine were taken from parasite-infected fish to examine pathologically. Excel software was used to draw graphs and basic statistical calculations, and SPSS software version 26 was used to perform analyzes and compare means. The findings of statistical analysis indicated that the mean prevalence of Ligula intestinalis infection was 75% and the mean intensity was 0.95±0.7. Also, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the total length of the fish and the total number of plerocercoid larvae found in each fish. Also, the linear regression analysis between the net weight of fish and the mean intensity of infection demonstrated a significant relationship (p<0.05) between the variables. The histopathological survey revealed that the physical pressures caused by plerocercoid larvae induced the oocyte envelope to rupture and degenerate the component of oocytes, while in the testis led to the loss of structural organization and the reduction of spermatids and spermatozoa inside the seminiferous tubes. Also, plerocercoid larvae cause vacuolar degeneration, edema, and cell infiltration in the liver along with hyperplasia of the bile ducts. Whereas, hyperplasia and destruction of the epithelial layer were seen in the intestine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
593 - Efficiency of growth blood cells parameters, hepatic enzymes and price of cultured Beluga (Huso huso) fed by three Iran-made diets
Habib VahabzadehBreeding expansion of giant sturgeon (Huso huso) in different regions of Iran and production of formulated food in sturgeon farms by domestic factories and changes in the price of imported foods, caused the importance of appropriate diet selection. This research was con MoreBreeding expansion of giant sturgeon (Huso huso) in different regions of Iran and production of formulated food in sturgeon farms by domestic factories and changes in the price of imported foods, caused the importance of appropriate diet selection. This research was conducted to evaluate the diets' biological performances and economic efficiency of some diets produced in Iran for rearing two-years-old Beluga for 45 days. Several 32 pieces of giant sturgeon with an average weight of 2156.94 ± 336.61 grams were labelled and cultured in 4 groups. 4 treatments including three types of Iranian food (treatments 1, 2, and 3) and an imported diet (treatment 4) were determined, which by default had different formulations in terms of protein and fat sources and amounts. Feeding set up according to the manufacturer's instructions based on stocking density (every 15 days Biometry) and water temperature. The results showed that the highest values of body weight gain, obesity coefficient, and the lowest food conversion rate were observed in treatment 2. In the comparison of red blood indices, except for the haematocrit percentage of treatment 4, which was higher, there was a difference in the treatments was not observed. But the difference in the number of white blood cells counts and the differential count in the treatments were significant. The fish fed with treatments 3 and 1 had lower amounts of liver enzymes compared to other treatments. Considering the costs related to each of the rations, overall, treatment 2 was preferred to other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
594 - Effect of extraction time on properties of gelatin from the skin of crucian carp (Carassius carassius)
H. Faghani LangroudiAbstract[1]Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) skin was used for production of gelatin. The gel strength of gelatins extracted for 1, 3 and 6 h was between 106-110 g (P>0.05). Glycine (349.21-350.29 residues/ 1000 residues), alanine (131.15-132.73 residues/ 1000 resid MoreAbstract[1]Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) skin was used for production of gelatin. The gel strength of gelatins extracted for 1, 3 and 6 h was between 106-110 g (P>0.05). Glycine (349.21-350.29 residues/ 1000 residues), alanine (131.15-132.73 residues/ 1000 residues), glutamine (81.76-82.57 residues/ 1000 residues) and proline (89.95-96.48 residues/ 1000 residues) were the main amino acids found in gelatins. Extraction time did not change the amino acid composition of gelatin for most of the amino acids; however the content of proline decreased with increasing extraction time. Gelatin extracted for 3 h had different color compared to other gelatins (P<0.05).Secondary structure of gelatin was influenced by extraction time. AIII/A1450 ratio of extracted gelatins was between 0.85-0.86 which confirmed the loss of triple helix in gelatin. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that gelatin extracted for 6 h had significantly higher Δν(νI - νII) (114 cm-1) (114) indicating higher denaturation of α-helix chain. Crusian carp skin could serve as a valuable source for production of gelatin. * Corresponding Authors; Email: hamid.faghani@toniau.ac.ir Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
595 - Effect of heat drying on the biochemical compound, quality and sensory properties of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Hadi AlemiAbstract[1] In this study, the biochemical composition, and quality and sensory properties of rainbow trout were studied by thermal drying process. For this purpose, the amount of moisture, protein, fat, ash and dried fish were measured and stored, as well as to th MoreAbstract[1] In this study, the biochemical composition, and quality and sensory properties of rainbow trout were studied by thermal drying process. For this purpose, the amount of moisture, protein, fat, ash and dried fish were measured and stored, as well as to the impact of this process on the composition of fatty acids, fatty acid profile of fresh fish and dried were determined. To evaluate the quality of tests measuring volatile nitrogenous bases, free fatty acids, pH and TBA were used. sensory properties were carried out in five Hedonic methods. The results showed that the drying rate from 16.70 to 28.89 percent protein and fat from 4.10 to 13.09 percent as reducing the amount of water during the drying of fish. Drying increases the saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated (4%) and a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated (26.7 percent), respectively. Drying temperature had a significant effect on the level of omega-3 fatty acids found in fish rainbow trout and its rate from 1.16 percent to 7.37 percent increase. During the drying of fish generally decreased during storage, this reduction was observed with greater intensity. The TBA from 0.032 to 1.065 varied TVBN rate and pH during storage showed a significantly increased. Free fatty acid content of fresh meat rainbow trout 0.36 percent during drying maintenance and 1.56, respectively, to 1.1 percent. Sensory characteristics of fish, most fish smell sensory factors except factor, fell slightly during drying during storage at refrigerator continued to decline. *-Corresponding Authors; rezkazemi2000@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
596 - Enrichment of Artemia Urmiana Nauplii by using Nannochloropsis oculata & Isochrysis galbana Algae
sama karamifar Ghobad Azari Takami mahmood KaramifarAbstract[1]The study of Nannochloropsis oculata & Isochrysis galbana algae increase the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA fatty acids in Urmia Artemia (Artemia urmiana) was performed. Groups of 10-15 liters salinity, temperature in 25-26 MoreAbstract[1]The study of Nannochloropsis oculata & Isochrysis galbana algae increase the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA fatty acids in Urmia Artemia (Artemia urmiana) was performed. Groups of 10-15 liters salinity, temperature in 25-26 °C, pH 5 / 8-8, 2000 lux light) with emphasis EPA and DHA, on the study and with control group (Group of hunger during the treatments enrichment), were compared. The results show that the best time Artemia nauplii for enrichment with algae about 2 hours after the yolk sac is absorbed. The best species of algae to increase the EPA was Isochrysis galbana with the 1.74 mg / g dry weight and increase DHA algae Nannochloropsis oculata with the 0.22mg/ g dry weight and ratio between DHA / EPA is: 0.12. The examples above that of the control sample is statistically significant. * Corresponding authors; Email: sama.karamifar@gmail.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
597 - Relationship between some physic-chemical characteristics of the water with different densities of warm water culture fishes
zeid ahmadiThis study investigated the relationship between some physic-chemical characteristics of the water ponds with different density of warm water culture fishes. We selected 10 fish ponds with different densities of warm water culture fishes, including densities of 2200, 24 MoreThis study investigated the relationship between some physic-chemical characteristics of the water ponds with different density of warm water culture fishes. We selected 10 fish ponds with different densities of warm water culture fishes, including densities of 2200, 2400, 2600, 2920 and 2950 (part of a hectare). Water characteristics such as Nitrite, pH, Ammonium, Phosphorus, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity, Ammonia Nitrate, Transparency and Alkalinity were measured. These parameters were estimated by standard methods. One way ANOVA of data showed significant difference between the different densities in most water quality parameters, there was no significant difference between the mean phosphorus, salinity, hardness, transparency and ammonium concentrations. Based on these results, the density had effect on water parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
598 - Effects of Green Tea Extract and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Shelf Life of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Minced at Refrigerated Storage
fatemeh noghaniAbstract[1]Green tea extract which contains high amount of poly phenols is known as effective anti-oxidants due to anti-bacterial and anti-virus effects of poly-phenols. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of lowring temperature (3-5 oC), Green T MoreAbstract[1]Green tea extract which contains high amount of poly phenols is known as effective anti-oxidants due to anti-bacterial and anti-virus effects of poly-phenols. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of lowring temperature (3-5 oC), Green Tea Extract (GTE) (800 ppm) and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) (condition 50:5:45 for N2:O2:CO2) with normal or Aerobic packaging (AP), on the chemical and sensory characteristics of SCM within refrigerated storage. Results of Peroxide Value showed that all treatments can effectively protect SCM against oil oxidation, compared with AP, after 4 days. Using MAP and/or GTE treatments reduced the Free Fatty Acid (FFA) formation ratio, because, in contrast with AP treatment, FFA increased significantely (P<0.05), only after 16 days storage. Thiobarbitoric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) of AP samples in 16th days was 2.51±0.21 mg that was upper than accepted limits. Effects of GTE treatment on TBARS increasing was not significantly different compared with AP (P>0.05). pH trends was ascending and GTE and MAP treatments had no significant effects on pH increasing. According to sensory evaluation, MAP had higher total quality score compared with GTE treatment and showed no significant difference with MAP+TE during storage. Combined treatment (MAP+GTE) was selected as an effective method that can extend the shelf-life of SCM up to 4 days at refrigerated storage.*Corresponding authors; fnoghani@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
599 - The effect of Sanyar prebiotic on reducing the pollution of nitrogen compounds in water and improving the physiological performance of Common carp in Biofloc system
hosein adinehIn this research, the effects of using powder and liquid of Sanyar prebiotic on the water nitrogen compounds and the physiological performance of Common carp in biofloc system were investigated. Common carp (10.09 ± 0.45 g) were stocked into 18 tanks (35 L) in si MoreIn this research, the effects of using powder and liquid of Sanyar prebiotic on the water nitrogen compounds and the physiological performance of Common carp in biofloc system were investigated. Common carp (10.09 ± 0.45 g) were stocked into 18 tanks (35 L) in six treatments for 60 days, including: Control treatment without additive with clean water (C), Control treatments without additive with Floc (FC), Floc treatments with 0.1 and 0.2 g (FP1 and FP2) powder prebiotic and Floc treatments with 1 and 2 ml (FL1 and FL2) liquid prebiotic per 100 g of basic diet. Water parameters are maintained at the standard level for this species. Total ammonia concentration (TAN) was statistically significant between experimental treatments. The growth of fish was obtained significantly higher and the feed conversion ratio was lower in FP1. The highest intestinal protease activity (8.42± 0.05) was obtained in FP1 treatment. The immunoglobulin and lysozyme serum in FP2 and FL1 were significantly higher than in the other treatments. The results of this study show that the use of 0.1 g of Sanyar prebiotic powder per 100 g of basic diet in the biofloc system could improve growth performance, and the immune status of C. carpio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
600 - Effect of betafin as a feed attractant on growth performance, survival, body composition and resistance to stress of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus)
behruz ghabeliAbstract[1]Effect of dietary betain as a food attractant on growth, survival, body composition and resistance to stress in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) were investigated for 8 weeks. 240 individuals of Caspian roach by the weight of 6.23±0.23 g and density of MoreAbstract[1]Effect of dietary betain as a food attractant on growth, survival, body composition and resistance to stress in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) were investigated for 8 weeks. 240 individuals of Caspian roach by the weight of 6.23±0.23 g and density of 20/tank fed in fiberglass tanks. Four treatments of different levels of betain including 0 (control), 0. 5, 1.0 and 1.5 percent added to diet (contained 41.13% protein and 8.42% fat). At the end of the study, growth and feeding factors including final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, survival rate, body composition and resistance to environmental stressors including thermal (40 oC), alkalinity (pH=12), acidity (pH=2) and salinity stress (150 g/lit) were assessed. According to the results, there were no significant differences in growth, feeding parameters and survival rate between fish fed control and betain supplementation diets (P>0.05). No significance difference was observed in lipid and ash carcass (P>0.05), but the highest of carcass protein was obtained in 1% betain (P<0.05). The longest surviving time against thermal stress (P>0.05) and acidity stress (P<0.05) were due to 1% of betain and highest rate in salinity stress was due to control (P<0.05) and highest survival rate after alkalinity stress was due to 0.5% betafin (P<0.05). Totally considering no significant differences in most parameters betain is not recommended to improve the growth, surviving and resistance to stress in roach juveniles. * Corresponding Authors; Email: b.ghabeli@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
601 - A review of different methods of green synthesis of nanoparticles by microalgae
bahareh nowruziThe use of microalgae for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe, environmentally friendly and inexpensive method with energy saving that produces nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes. Nanoparticles produced by microalgae have various biological, physical and che MoreThe use of microalgae for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe, environmentally friendly and inexpensive method with energy saving that produces nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes. Nanoparticles produced by microalgae have various biological, physical and chemical properties that have all-round applications as antimicrobial, anticancer, photocatalytic agents, etc. Although many studies have been conducted on biological synthesis using microorganisms, few studies have been conducted on the synthesis of nanoparticles using cyanobacteria. This article comprehensively describes the production of nanoparticles by cyanobacteria, the abiotic and biotic conditions of their biosynthesis, including lighting, pH, temperature, the type of synthesis process (extracellular and intracellular), the mechanisms related to biological synthesis, and also explain the factors affecting the synthesis process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
602 - The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Mannan-Oligosaccharides based nutritional supplements on Levels of Glucose and Cortisol in Environmental stress and furunculosis in rainbow trout
Amin KhodadadiAbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of complementary rainbow trout diets with different concentrations of prebiotic, which contains active compounds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) on environmental stress and resista MoreAbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of complementary rainbow trout diets with different concentrations of prebiotic, which contains active compounds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) on environmental stress and resistance to furunculosis. Three levels of prebiotic (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 %) were mixed into pellets. Fish (19.08±1.45 gr) were fed a supplemented commercial diet for 60 days. On day 60 of study, environmental stress such as hypoxia, hyperthermia and induction of experimental diseases with furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida) were also performed for all the experimental groups. The blood glucose levels were determined using an enzymatic-based auto analyzer and used to measure cortisol using cortisol ELISA kit and ELISA method. The results of this study showed that different consntersin Celmanax have significantly effect on stress and cortisol and glucose levels (P<0.05). The results showed that rainbow trout resistance was increased with different concentrations level of Celmanax® and few fish were suffering to furunculosis (P<0.05). Based on these findings, it could be concluded that in order to decrease and enhance the streets and improve rainbow trout resistance, it is appropriate to add different concentrations level of Celmanax® prebiotic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
603 - Histological study of ovarian development of Eurasian Perch (Peca fluvitilis L. 1758) in Amirkelaye wetland of Lahijan (southern Caspian Sea basin)
mohamad Vafajouy Dianati ali bani Re KazemiAbstract[1]Female gonadogenesis stage in perch, (perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) described based on 87 pieces caught by gillnet in Amirkelayeh wetland of Lahijan from December 2010 to November 2011. To perform this experience, ovaries were staged after dissecting, the MoreAbstract[1]Female gonadogenesis stage in perch, (perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) described based on 87 pieces caught by gillnet in Amirkelayeh wetland of Lahijan from December 2010 to November 2011. To perform this experience, ovaries were staged after dissecting, then fixed in formalin for histological process. Tissue samples were sectioned at 5-7 μm, before staining with Mayer’s Haematoxylin and Eosin. Variations of gonad maturation were divided to six stages; immature, previtellogenic, early vitellogenesis, late vitellogenesis, final oocyte maturation and spent stage. The studies showed a single ovulation and a short spawning period. Also a long vitellogenic stage (November-February) and existence of one active clutch which develop oogenesis in ovary confirmed total spawning in perch of Amirkelaye wetland. * Corresponding Authors; Email: dianati3650@ yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
604 - Survival and pathology of gill tissue of juvenile Rutilus kutum from artificial propagation under stress with mud pollution and water salinity
smv farabiAbstract Pathology of the gill tissue of juvenile Rutilus kutum obtained from artificial reproduction was carried out with the aim of determining the percentage of survival when released into natural environments. Juveniles were provided from the Rajai's fish propagati MoreAbstract Pathology of the gill tissue of juvenile Rutilus kutum obtained from artificial reproduction was carried out with the aim of determining the percentage of survival when released into natural environments. Juveniles were provided from the Rajai's fish propagation center and then examined in Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center laboratory under conditions simulated with the natural environment. The juvenile fish had an allometric growth trend in the conditions of rearing in earthen ponds. The juveniles were investigated on three weight group (200<400, 400<600, 600<1000 mg) and in fresh water and Caspian Sea water (12.5 ppt). Also, six turbidity levels (50 FTU, 430FTU, 2600 FTU, 7800 FTU, 15600 FTU) were probed in freshwater during 168hr. Each treatment had three replications. The results showed that there was a significant difference among treatments in the different levels of factors, (p<0.05). The juveniles' survival rate has decreased than control treatment in brackish water and turbidity in freshwater. It was demonstrated that with increasing fish weight, therefore, the survival rate is increased. However, gill tissue of juveniles under turbidity and salinity stress became short (necrosis) and thick (edema and hyperplasia) in the end of experiments. The juveniles gill tissues were not changes in the river clear freshwater. Although the survival rate of juveniles is acceptable in this study, but there was abnormal changes in the structure of them gills. The little changes were observed in group of 600-1000 mg. It appears that these changes will cause a disruption in the trend of juvenile fish growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
605 - Dominant bacterial flora of gut in Rainbow trout and probable important viewpoint probiotic
علیرضا MobarhanfardAbstractThis research conducted for recognition of dominant bacterial flora of rainbow trout gut. 20 fingerlings of trout with average weight of 2gr, prepared by Isfahan Fisheries Authority in last winter. The stock of fish reared isolation tank, and during four months MoreAbstractThis research conducted for recognition of dominant bacterial flora of rainbow trout gut. 20 fingerlings of trout with average weight of 2gr, prepared by Isfahan Fisheries Authority in last winter. The stock of fish reared isolation tank, and during four months of rearing period, neither any disinfections nor antibiotic agents have been used. The temperature of farming tank maintained at the range of 10 to 16. After this period, the stock of fish pocked in ewo layer bags and transported at night time to lobaratory of science and Research Unit of Azad University in Tehran. All samples of fish arrived at healthy condition to laboratory. The average weight of fish measured as 30 10g, and total length of 8-12 cm. After word, the fish disinfected by 70% alcohol, and them by the strile apparatus the gut have been removed for primary and subtractive culture. The media used for culture was N.A, M.A, TSI, SIM, and recognition of positive or negative grams carried by staining. In addition, biochemical reagents like methyl red, oxidase – catalase test, sugar fermentation test, gelatin hydrolysis test and starch hydrolysis test for final recognition of bacteria and abundance ratio is carried out. Edwardzillata sp.(8%), itrobacrer sp. (10%), Shewanella sp.(30%), Haemophilus sp.(2%), Plesiomonas sp.(25%), Aero,onas sp.(25%) Dominant bacteria of gut flora in rainbow trout showed following species; Shewanella sp., Plesioonas sp. and Aeromonaa sp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
606 - Breeding marine fish in fish farms with emphasis on sea carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758)
Abdollah HaghpanahThis research is aimed at obtaining technology, increasing production and profitability, promoting and diversifying in tropical fish farms, as well as breeding and breeding marine fish far from the sea coast, in order to release the fry into the sea, in order to increas MoreThis research is aimed at obtaining technology, increasing production and profitability, promoting and diversifying in tropical fish farms, as well as breeding and breeding marine fish far from the sea coast, in order to release the fry into the sea, in order to increase productivity and increase the stocks of this fish. The improvement of the living conditions of the fishermen was done. Sea carp breeding was carried out as a single species and in the same density format with 1400 pieces with an average weight of 42.46 ± 0.05 in 3 pools with an area of 0.5 hectares in tropical fish farms. The required fry were supplied from the Voshemgir dam center and released in breeding ponds. From the beginning of the breeding period, they were fed with natural food and farmed carp concentrate at the rate of 5-10% of their body weight. At the end of the breeding period, the average weight of this fish was 722.49 ± 0.10, the average daily growth was 3.44, the value of the food conversion coefficient was 2.30, and its survival rate was 85.83%, which indicates the adaptability of this species to the conditions The climate and breeding farms of this province and its breeding and production in the areas far from the sea shores are single-species and together with tropical fishes. For this reason, breeding of this species in order to increase the production and profitability of the aquaculture industry, as well as its production and reproduction in order to improve the stocks of this species in the sea, it can be suggested to breed it in tropical fish farms in the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
607 - Waste production and management methods in different aquaculture systems
رضا اکرمیAbstract Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food production sector worldwide and is becoming the main source of aquatic animal foodstuff for human consumption. The intensification of production is an alternative for the needed development in aquaculture that use MoreAbstract Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food production sector worldwide and is becoming the main source of aquatic animal foodstuff for human consumption. The intensification of production is an alternative for the needed development in aquaculture that use of more inputs, especially feed per unit area leading to an increase in waste generation from the production systems and resulted strongly criticized for environmental impacts. The total nutrients supplied to production ponds, only 30% are converted into product, while the rest as sediment or sludge is usually discharged into the environment. The impact of waste products from aquaculture has increased public concern and threatens the sustainability of aquaculture practices. Therefore, there is a need to develop culture systems that will increase fish production with efficient waste management in order to limit environmental degradation resulting from aquaculture wastes and ensure its sustainability. This paper reviewed various aspects of waste production from aquaculture and methods of management in different culture systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
608 - Diatom community in Bandar Anzali and Sefid Rood area of the southern basin of the Caspian Sea in 2021
Fatemehsadat TahamiThe coastal areas of the Caspian Sea are a natural evolved ecosystem and since it is the last recipient of land and sea pollutants, it is therefore constantly exposed to various threats.On the other hand, the condition of the shores of the Caspian Sea has undergone unfa MoreThe coastal areas of the Caspian Sea are a natural evolved ecosystem and since it is the last recipient of land and sea pollutants, it is therefore constantly exposed to various threats.On the other hand, the condition of the shores of the Caspian Sea has undergone unfavorable changes due to the introduction of man-made pollutants, and if this water area is misused, it will lead to serious environmental problems.This research was conducted in the southern shores of the Caspian Sea in order to investigate diatoms as the dominant group of phytoplankton in the Caspian Sea as the primary producers of aquatic ecosystems in the year 2021and in this research, first sampling was done by Rutner in two half lines perpendicular to the coast (transect) in Bandar Anzali and Sefid Rood at depths of less than 30 meters and more than 30 meters. In this study, a total of 19 species from the 10 genera Actinocyclus, Chaetoceros, Cocconeis, Coscinodiscu Cyclotella, Navicula, Nitzschia, Pseudonitzschia, Thalassionema, Thalassiosira from the Diatom phylum were observed and the highest density was at a depth of less than 30 meters in Sefid Rood at the rate of 43600000 numbers per cubic meter, and the lowest density belongs to the depths of more than 30 meters, and in both stations, the layer above 30 meters had more density. Due to different physical and chemical reasons of each region, there have been different differences in terms of population and mass of diatoms in terms of depth and station and different layers of water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
609 - Evaluation of blood serum ionic and metabolic indices in Acipenser persicus captured from coasts of the Caspian Sea (Guillan Province)
ali HallajianAbstractIn this research, serum ions such as Calcium (Ca2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Phosphorus (P), and Magnesium (Mg2+) and metabolic indices (cholesterol, total protein, albumin and osmolarity) levels of 34 Acipenser persicus captured by trawling method in Guil MoreAbstractIn this research, serum ions such as Calcium (Ca2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Phosphorus (P), and Magnesium (Mg2+) and metabolic indices (cholesterol, total protein, albumin and osmolarity) levels of 34 Acipenser persicus captured by trawling method in Guilan Province were studied in three weight groups including group 1 (<100g), group 2 (100 – 500 g) and group 3 (>500g) during 2009 – 2012. Results showed that Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ and P showed significant difference between different groups (P<0.05), but Na+ showed no significant difference between them (P>0.05). In group 1, Ca2+and Mg2+ ions were more than the other groups. There was no significant difference in osmolarity, cholesterol and albumin between different groups, but there was significant difference in total protein level in group 1 with group 2 (P<0.05). Cholesterol and total protein levels were maximum at group 3, but albumin level was minimum at group 3. In group 1, fish were more sensitive than others to environmental conditions. Therefore, respecting to the relationship between ions and metabolic factors in growth, reproduction and osmoregulation in Acipenser persicus, results of this study can be used for investigation of health, diagnosis of pathogens and catch management of this species in the Caspian Sea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
610 - Antibacterial and antioxidant effect of Nisin on rainbow trout fillets (Oncorhynchus mykiss) packed with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)
S.E HoseiniAbstract[1]In this research, the antibacterial and antioxidant effect of Nisin was conducted in three levels of 0, 0.15 and 0.25 (g/kg) in rainbow trout fillets packed with modified atmosphere packaging (50% N2, 45% CO2 and 5% O2) and vaccume packed (control group) and MoreAbstract[1]In this research, the antibacterial and antioxidant effect of Nisin was conducted in three levels of 0, 0.15 and 0.25 (g/kg) in rainbow trout fillets packed with modified atmosphere packaging (50% N2, 45% CO2 and 5% O2) and vaccume packed (control group) and keeped for 20 days in refrigerator (4±1 °C). In this experiment, chemical indices of spoilage (PV, TBA, TVBN and pH), microbial parameters (TPC, PTC, LAB) and also sensorial aspects of fillets (smell, color, texture and total acceptance) were determined in days of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16. The 0.25 (g/kg) Nisin treatment was the lowest treatment for PV (9.95 meq O2/kg), TBA (1.19 mgM/kg), TVBN (30.4 mg N2/100 g), pH (6.73) and its microbial parameters (TPC, PTC, LAB) was 6.64, 6.91 and 5.81 log cfu/g, respectively. This treatment was highest treatment in sensorial aspects of fillets (smell, color, texture and total acceptance) with 5, 5.4, 5.4 and 5.3), respectively. According to the maximal recommended level for these parameters, the maximum shelflife for these fillets was 16 days. In conclusion, the use of Nisin and modified atmosphere packaging had a posetive effect on quality of rainbow trout fillets during refregrator storage. * Corresponding Authors; Email: ebhoseini@srbiau.ac.ir Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
611 - The Effect of Different Levels of Immunogen Stimulant on Growth and Survival of Common roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus
azadeh nousratpour Farahnaz LakzaeiAbstractThis research carried out to evaluate efficiency of immune stimulant (immunogen) in four treatments (0, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) to the diet of young Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) with average body weight of 1.21±0.36 gr. for eight weeks. Fish were fed MoreAbstractThis research carried out to evaluate efficiency of immune stimulant (immunogen) in four treatments (0, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) to the diet of young Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) with average body weight of 1.21±0.36 gr. for eight weeks. Fish were fed 3 times a day. At the end of cultivation period, the amount of growth and survival rate of common roach was compared. The results showed that, body weight increase, the percentage of body weight increase, specific growth rate and net production of fish in 1.5% treatment of immunogen was higher than control group but it didn’t reveal a significant difference. Moreover, the percentage of daily consumed food in 1.5% treatment of immunogen showed a higher significantly than control group. The survival rate in 0.5 treatment of immunogen was higher than control group but it didn’t show significant differences. In general, immunogen stimulant cann’t be used as a food supplementation for growth and survival in common roach cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
612 - Age, growth and reproduction characteristics of brond-snout (Chondrostoma regium) in Alvand River (Kermanshah province)
Mehdi Shamsaie MehrganAbstractIn this study, some characteristics of growth, age and reproduction of brond-snout (Chondrostoma regium) population were studied in Alvand River of Kermanshah province monthly for one year from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 6 age groups (1-6) were identified MoreAbstractIn this study, some characteristics of growth, age and reproduction of brond-snout (Chondrostoma regium) population were studied in Alvand River of Kermanshah province monthly for one year from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 6 age groups (1-6) were identified. 120 females and 105 males with a sex ratio (female to male) 1.06: 1 was detected from 225 caught fish. The predominant age was 4 years and the mean total length in the males and females were 205.23±22.42 mm and 234.09 ±29.42 mm, respectively, which showed a significant difference between the genders (p≤0.05). The length-weight linear relationship for male and female were Lt = 310[1-e -0.31(t+0.52)] and Lt = 327[1-e -0.34(t+0.49)], respectively. The growth pattern for male and female was allometric negative and allometric positive, respectively, and the mean obesity coefficient for male and female were 1.01±0.11 and 0.99±0.08, respectively. The mean absolute fecundity of fish was 11921.22±2284.54, which increased with the age and decreased egg diameter. The mean gonad index for male and female was 1.8±0.13 and 8.64±0.72, respectively (p≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
613 - Effects of dietary prebiotic Immunogen on some hematological and immunological indices of great sturgeon (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758) juveniles
mehdi mohajerAbstract[1] Nowadays dietary supplements such as immunostimulants and prebiotics are being applied as a potential replacement of antibiotics in preferment of health and creation resistance against diseases in aquaculture. This survey was conducted to evaluate the effic MoreAbstract[1] Nowadays dietary supplements such as immunostimulants and prebiotics are being applied as a potential replacement of antibiotics in preferment of health and creation resistance against diseases in aquaculture. This survey was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of commercial prebiotic Immunogen with main ingredients 30% (1, 3-1,6) ßglucan and 18% mannanoligosaccharide in ration of great sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles in 8weeks in Shahid Marjani Sturgeon Propagation and Rearing Center in summer 2009. Hematological and immunological indices of great sturgeon juveniles in five treatments (0, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%) of Immunogen in diet statistically compared. Three weight groups of great sturgeon juveniles with average weight 8.71±0.02 g, 25.15±0.01 g and 53.69±0.02 g were stocked in tanks and fed six times a day. The results showed the number of neutrophil in fishes fed with the diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1% and 4% Immunogen was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control. Level of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in fishes fed with the diet supplemented with 0.5% Immunogen was higher than the other diet treatments. No significant difference was observed in other hematological indices between three weight of treatments and five treatments of Immunogen (P>0.05). It seemed that Immunogen in concentration 0.5% can serve as functional feedstuffs in the diet of great sturgeon juveniles by stimulating immunity responses. *- Corresponding Authors; Email: mohajer_m@hotmail.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
614 - Determination of Relationship between ages with efficiency factors Artificial Propagation in Caspian Sea kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamenskii, 1901) Spawners males in Shirood River
mehdi yousefianKutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) is one of the most important fishes of the Caspian Sea which migrates annually to Iranian rivers such as Shirood River. In this research mutual effects of age have been analyzed on some sperm parameters (volume, density, spermatocrit and mot MoreKutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) is one of the most important fishes of the Caspian Sea which migrates annually to Iranian rivers such as Shirood River. In this research mutual effects of age have been analyzed on some sperm parameters (volume, density, spermatocrit and motility percent) of kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) and the artificial propagation in Shirood River. For this reason acquired sperm from 30 male broods (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years old) were combined with ova of 30 females. Maximum weight (975 g) and total length (47.25 cm) were related to 6-year-old male broods, while minimum weight (373.33 g) and total length (35.67 cm) have been observed in 2-year-old male broods. The highest sperm volume (5.22 ml), spermatozoa density (45×109 n/ml), spermatoicrit (39.3%) and spermatozoa motility (77.4%) were related to 5, 2, 2 and 4 years old stocks, respectively. In other hand the least sperm volume (3.03 ml), spermatozoa density (30×109 n/ml), spermatoicrit (30.3%) and spermatozoa motility (74%) were related to 2, 6, 4 and 6 years old stocks, respectively. A peak percentage of fertilization (95.2%) and hatching (83%) occurred in 4-year-old, while a minimum percentage of fertilization (88.5%) and hatching (77.6%) were showed for 6 and 2 years old stocks. Statistically there were not any significant differences between different ages as sperm volume (P=0.323), spermatozoa density (P=0.539), spermatoicrit (P=0.187) spermatozoa motility (P=0.164), but fertilization percent average did not indicate significant differences between different ages groups (P=0.016). So4 years old male brood stocks are economically the best choice for artificial propagation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
615 - Effect of different levels of Premix of vitamin C on indexes growth, survival and resistance to some environment factors (temperature, salinity) on the white fish larvae (Rutilus frisii kutum)
zeinab shadehiAbstract[1]This research carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary vitamin C premix and some indexes of growth, survival and resistance to some certain environmental factors (temperature, salinity) on the white fish larvae R. frisii kutum. Fish l MoreAbstract[1]This research carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary vitamin C premix and some indexes of growth, survival and resistance to some certain environmental factors (temperature, salinity) on the white fish larvae R. frisii kutum. Fish larvae (weight 1 gr.) was prepared from bony fish reproduction and culture center was located in Sijuval City. Diet was containing four levels of 0, 200, 500 and 1000 mg per kg of vitamin C premix in three replications for 8 weeks for feeding of fish larvae were considered. 480 samples (an average weight of 1 g) were introduced to 12 plastic tubs (40 fish per tub). The fish were fed daily to 4% of body weight. The fish at the end of culture period was exposed under stress situation (31 oC) and salinity (14 ppt) and their survival was assessed. Results showed that the highest mean (±standard deviation) weight increased following in treatment of 1000mg per kg premix of vitamin C and least was in control treatment (without premix of vitamin C) but it was not significant. Study of growth indices, PBWI, SGR, FCR and survival rate in fish fed with premix of vitamin C 1000mg per Kg diet had significantly been higher than other treatments (P<0.05). Temperature and salinity stresses showed that fish fed with different levels of premix of vitamin C had more survival than fish fed no premix of vitamin C. Based on the results, it can be stated that premix vitamin C can plays an important role in enhancing growth performance and resistance to environment conditions (temperature, salinity) in R. frisii kutum larvae.* Corresponding authors; zeinab_shadehi@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
616 - Gorgan Bay plankton flourishing status in the field of Miankale death in February 2020
taher poursufiAbstractCase sampling was performed in the winter of 2020 in the eastern region of Gorgan Bay in three coastal and central regions to investigate the causes of bird death. For this purpose, algal (macro and micro), zooplankton and water communities were sampled. The res MoreAbstractCase sampling was performed in the winter of 2020 in the eastern region of Gorgan Bay in three coastal and central regions to investigate the causes of bird death. For this purpose, algal (macro and micro), zooplankton and water communities were sampled. The results showed that a total of 44 species of phytoplankton were identified. 4 species equal to 12.5% and Euglenophyta branch with the lowest number with 2 species equal to 7.7% of the total species. The highest mortality was observed in Changar species and a few flamingos were observed. No algal blooms were observed during sampling. The density of cyanophytes was the lowest. Therefore, the cause of death of birds cannot be density or planktonic secretions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
617 - Comparison of the chemical composition and fatty acids profile of wild carp (Cyprinus carpio) in natural and cultivated environments
sara jorjaniAbstract[1]The present paper aimed at evaluating nutritional value and fatty acid profile of muscle textures of Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carp. No significant differences were found between chemical composition indices (total lipid, crude protein, moisture a MoreAbstract[1]The present paper aimed at evaluating nutritional value and fatty acid profile of muscle textures of Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carp. No significant differences were found between chemical composition indices (total lipid, crude protein, moisture and ash contents) (P>0.05). Following determination of fatty acid profiles in the Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carp, fatty acid compositions in two groups of fish were found to be significantly different in terms of various fatty acid groups and ratios. In both fish, Palmitic acid (C16:0) and Oleic acid (C18:1 ω-9 cis) were found to be the most abundant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rates were estimated to be 26.71%, 52.57% and 17.68% in farmed wild carp and 22.78%, 40.53% and 25.06% in Caspian Sea wild carp, respectively. Oleic acid was significantly higher in farmed wild carp than the Caspian Sea one (P≤0.05). Linoleic acid (C18:2 ω-6) and decosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 ω-3) were the most abundant PUFA in farmed wild carp and Caspian Sea wild carps, respectively. ω-3 fatty acids were measured to be 15.79 and 6.16 gr/100 gr lipid in wild and farmed carps, respectively. ω-3 fatty acids content in Caspian sea wild carp was significantly higher than that of farmed wild carp (P≤0.05). ω-3/ω-6 ratio 1.69 and 0.76 in Caspian sea wild carps and farmed carps, respectively, that in both group exceeded the eligible rates proposed by nutritionists. PUFA/SFA ratios were 1.10 and 0.66 in Caspian sea wild carp and framed one, respectively; the rates exceeded the eligible rate (0.45) recommended by HMSO. Considering exceeding PUFA/SFA and ω-3/ω-6 ratios in both Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carps, both fish were considered invaluable fisheries and nutritional resources. It is noteworthy that Caspian Sea wild carp is more nutritious than farmed counterparts thank to its higher rates of PUFA, ω-3, EPA+DHA, ω-3/ω-6 and PUFA/SFA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
618 - Effects of stocking density on the growth, survival and final production the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Gomishan region of Golestan province
رضا اکرمیThe determination of optimal levels of stocking density can enhance feed efficiency and growth and contribute to access the best usage of the culture system. The aim of this research was determine of suitable stocking density of Litopenaeus vannamei under pond condition MoreThe determination of optimal levels of stocking density can enhance feed efficiency and growth and contribute to access the best usage of the culture system. The aim of this research was determine of suitable stocking density of Litopenaeus vannamei under pond condition on the Gomishan region of Golestan province.post-larvae of this species of shrimp on the stage of PL11 were stocked at 30, 40 and 50 pcs/m2 in six outdoor earthen ponds (each 5000m2 area and 180cm depth). The average final weights were 13.85, 12.3 and 11.35 gram for shrimp stocked at 30, 40 and 50 pcs/m2 respectively. Survival rates at the mentioned stocking density were 81.5, 69.7 and 66.1% respectively. Production of cultured shrimp experimental treatments were 1744, 1733 and 1769 kg respectively and showed no significant differences (p> 0.05).Finally it could be recommended that suitable stocking density for economical production of this species of shrimp is 30 pcs/m2 under earthen pond condition with using of Caspian sea brackish water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
619 - Investigating the role of public institutions in disclosure to prevent crime
Hadi Hajian Saeed Ebrahimi mohammad mahdi zareiAbstract The occurrence of crime entails numerous economic and social costs and depreciation the facilities of the judiciary. Despite global statistics, more than forty percent of Infractions in the world are detected by the public. In developing countries, including I MoreAbstract The occurrence of crime entails numerous economic and social costs and depreciation the facilities of the judiciary. Despite global statistics, more than forty percent of Infractions in the world are detected by the public. In developing countries, including Iran, the unique capacity of the people has not been used properly. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer this question with a descriptive-analytical method What is the role of private and juridical persons in disclosure and Can they make a disclosure that will fulfill their religiously and customarily duty and their disclosure will not lead to defamation, absenteeism and spreading lies? Which while explaining the cases, such results have been obtained that effective disclosure based on public monitoring can be before any violation and crime. The practical assumption of this case is that it is necessary to notice about the imminent appointment of unqualified people in some positions or to approve a plan to build a project in the forest context and to monitor the people and issue a warning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
620 - Surgical treatment of fractured humerus in a golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos): a case report
Davoud KazemiAbstractFractures are important orthopaedic problems of birds of prey or raptors which are mainly caused by trauma. An adult female golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) was referred to the surgery division of the faculty of veterinary medicine, Islamic Azad University of Ta MoreAbstractFractures are important orthopaedic problems of birds of prey or raptors which are mainly caused by trauma. An adult female golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) was referred to the surgery division of the faculty of veterinary medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in November 2019. Traumatic injury of the upper left wing area was detected in clinical and orthopaedic examination and comminuted fracture of the humeral diaphysis was observed in radiography. Considering the type and anatomic location of the fracture, surgical treatment was conducted by means of internal fixation and intramedullary pinning. Surgical exposure of the humeral diaphysis was achieved by dorsal approach and a suitably sized intramedullary pin was inserted in a retrograde fashion inside the medullary cavity. Bone healing was evaluated post-operatively using serial radiographs. Complete bone healing occurred after 71 days and the intramedullary pin was removed. The bird returned to its normal pre-injury state following treatment and no complications resulting from the fracture or its surgical treatment was observed. Successful treatment of fractures in birds of prey is possible by adherence to principles of orthopaedic surgery and considering the unique features of these animals leading to the protection of these valuable species of wildlife in our country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
621 - Evaluation of consumption of artificial sweetener Cipla on electrophoretic curve of serum proteins in diabetic male rats
Hamed Nasiri jafar rahmani kahnamoeiIntroduction: Sucralose is an artificial sweetener without calorie that derived from sugar or sucrose. It is 600 times sweeter than sugar also makes low calorie. Cipla as a commercial sweetener have different compounds such as, lactose, L-lusin, Cross Carmellose Sodium. MoreIntroduction: Sucralose is an artificial sweetener without calorie that derived from sugar or sucrose. It is 600 times sweeter than sugar also makes low calorie. Cipla as a commercial sweetener have different compounds such as, lactose, L-lusin, Cross Carmellose Sodium. Sucralose is stable in the presence of ethanol and can retain 99% of its true taste after one year, as well as maintain its properties during pasteurization, sterilization, and high temperature baking. It also does not interfere with glucose uptake, carbohydrate metabolism or insulin secretion. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that 85% of sucralose is not absorbed and is completely excreted through the stool and its absorption rate is limited to 15% in passive release. Recent studies have shown a link between the use of sweeteners and renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity or retardation of fetal and placenta formation. Sucralose is converted to hydrolysis products 4- Chloro glucose and 1,6 di chlorofructose by hydrolysis. These metabolites are more resistant to hydrolysis and complete degradation as sucrose chlorination and conversion to sucralose alter the conversion of the molecule to glycosidic enzymes. The digestive tract, which normally breaks down carbohydrates, becomes. In a double-blind study by Grots et al., it was found that sucralose at a dose of 7.5 mg/ kg/day for one month had no significant effect on serum glucose and HbA1c levels in humans. Other studies on non-diabetic human specimens have shown that high doses of sucralose or aspartame do not affect blood glucose, peptide c, or hemoglobin levels of HbA1c, even at multiple doses. According to conflicting reports on the metabolic effects of sweeteners, the study assessed the effect of using the commercial form of sucralose (Cipla) on serum electrophoretic proteins in healthy and diabetic rats.Materials and methods: This study will be done on 24 male rats divided in four equal groups, control and treatment. Control group will have base ration. In the study of Shastry and et al, is 15mg/kg for human. Therefore, in this study dosage of sucralose will be 15mg/kg. Treatment group will be injected daily for 1-month. All rats used for this study have same peripheral conditions .At the end of the experimental period, all rat were bled, and after serum isolation, the serum protein electrophoresis curve was prepared and evaluated by acetate cellulose technique.Results and discussion:The amount of total protein and serum albumin was recorded in the healthy treatment group (7.18±0.22 g/dl) and (3.36±0.11 g/dl), in the diabetic control group (7.16±0.18 g/dl) and (3.41±0.09 g/dl), but with the amount of these factors in the serum of other study groups, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The amount of alpha 1 globulin in the serum of healthy control group (0.01±0.30 g/dl) was significantly lower than the rate of this factor in animal serum of diabetic control group (0.04±0.51 g/dl) and healthy treatment group (0.03±0.46 g/dl) (p 0.05). Gammaglobulin levels were determined in the healthy treatment group (1.20±0.12 g/dl), diabetic treatment (1.10±0.21 g/dl), healthy control group (1.33±0.14 g/dl) and diabetic control group (1.25±0.08 g/dl), Which showed a no significant statistical difference between the studied groups (p>0.05). The study showed that the use of aspartame, acesulfam, and sucralose sweeteners in acceptable daily intake (ADI) doses for three weeks did not have a mutagenic effect on healthy and diabetic rats and had no effect on serum factors which is consistent with the results of the present study. This study demonstrated a significant change in the alpha 1 globulin band in the electrophoretic curve. The bulk of this protein bond is made up of the alpha protein an antitrypsin, a single-chain glycoprotein consisting of 394 amino acids that has a molecular mass of about 52 kDa and easily passes through interstitial fluid to the target tissues. This protein has a negative charge and cannot pass through the glomerular membrane of the kidney. This protein is one of the most important inhibitors of serum human serum proteases and inhibits several proteins such as elastase, collagenase and trypsin. Diabeticization of the animals tested, as well as the consumption of sweeteners, appear to accelerate the production of acute phase proteins, increasing alpha 1 globulin in the electrophoretic curve.Conclusion: The results of this study showed no change in protein bands other than alpha 1 globulin. Therefore, it can be said that sucralose has little effect on the electrophoretic curve of serum proteins.Keywords: Cipla, Electrophoretic curve, Rat, Serum protein, Sucralose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
622 - Serological survey of Influenza A virus infection in horses of some districts of Mahabad city by ELISA method
Armin Attari Arash Araghi-SoorehAbstract Equine influenza is an acute, infectious, and highly contagious respiratory disease that is worldwide. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of influenza A virus infection in horses of Mahabad city by competitive ELISA methods. In this study, 200 MoreAbstract Equine influenza is an acute, infectious, and highly contagious respiratory disease that is worldwide. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of influenza A virus infection in horses of Mahabad city by competitive ELISA methods. In this study, 200 serum samples were collected from horses in Beytas, Hamzeh abad, Lekben, Kovtar and Dehboker villages located in Mahabad city and then examined by competitive ELISA method. The prevalence of antibodies against the influenza A virus in the study population was 6% )with 95% confidence interval: 2.16-8.7%(. Chi-square test showed no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of positive serum cases of influenza A and the sex of horses )P = 0.354> 0.05(. Horse breeds in the study population included Kurdish, Pony, Working and Arabian horses with 7.6%, 0%, 7.7% and 3.2% positive serum frequency, respectively. Data analysis showed There is no significant difference between the frequency of positive serum cases of influenza A virus and the studied breeds )P = 0.402> 0.05(. This study showed that the serum prevalence of influenza A in the study population is very low. This study is also the first report on the exposure of horses in Mahabad city to the Influenza A virus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
623 - Designing the welfare pattern of the staff of the East Azarbaijan Documentation and Real Estate Offices
sadeg malekiavarsin Jahanghir Yari Haj Atalou Zarin DaneshwarAbstract The purpose of this study is to systematically study the welfare model of the staff of the Registry of Deeds and Real Estate of East Azarbaijan Province. Employee welfare is a scientific document. The statistical sample of this section includes documents and re MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to systematically study the welfare model of the staff of the Registry of Deeds and Real Estate of East Azarbaijan Province. Employee welfare is a scientific document. The statistical sample of this section includes documents and resources related to the subject in 36 articles (26 internal articles and 10 external articles) as a sample size. The sampling method in this section is the available method. The present research is based on the purpose of the applied type, and in terms of data collection method is a descriptive content analysis. First, the components related to the welfare of the employees are extracted and then, by merging the items, the sub-components are classified and coded. In this research, a total of 88 components that were extracted from the analysis of research and research background are classified and coded in the dimensions of mental, social and common well-being, which are the main indicators of the model. In general, the components of mental well-being are classified into 2 categories and 30 codes, the components of social welfare are classified into 5 categories and 38 codes, and the common components of well-being are classified into 3 categories and 20 codes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
624 - Role of Relativistic Quantum Theory in Hadron Radiation Therapy
Seyede Nasrin HoseiniMotlagh Neda Farhangkhah Mohammad Ghasemi Shabankareh -
Open Access Article
625 - The Effectiveness of Teaching Mindfulness on Positive Thinking and Job Satisfaction(among the young employees of the Refah Bank)
Ghasem Ghojavand Tahereh Lotfizadeh -
Open Access Article
626 - Young mothers and changing family structure
Mahbobeh Jafari Baee Yaghob Foroutan Manouchehr Pahlavan -
Open Access Article
627 - Evaluating the formation process of free-thinking chairs, A Case Study (Islamic Azad Universities of Khuzestan province): A Qualitative Research
Hamad Moghadam Ali Hossein Hosseinzadeh Mousa Shahriari -
Open Access Article
628 - Article : A study of the relationship between social factors and youth unemployment of graduates of Islamic Azad universities in the west of Mazandaran province.
Flora Radakbari Manouchehr Pahlavan Ali Asghar Abassi Esfajir -
Open Access Article
629 - A Sociological Study of the Impact of Social Factors on Electoral Behavior (Comparison of Youth and Adult Age Study Group in Mazandaran Province)
Seyyed Yasser Ghorbanpour Ganji Seyyed Yaghoub Mousavi -
Open Access Article
630 - The effect of aerobic training with chocolate on aerobic power, resting blood pressure and heart rate
Zohreh Goya Zahra Negarandeh sepideh dolati Alemeh hariri farIntroduction: Present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training with chocolate on aerobic power, resting blood pressure and heart rate.Methods: In this quasi- experimental study 40 inactive male selected as sample and divided into four equal groups inclu MoreIntroduction: Present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training with chocolate on aerobic power, resting blood pressure and heart rate.Methods: In this quasi- experimental study 40 inactive male selected as sample and divided into four equal groups including 1) aerobic training, 2) chocolate, 3) aerobic training with chocolate and 4) control. During eight weeks, groups 1 and 3 ran on treadmill for three sessions per week and 30 minutes with intensity of 50 – 60 percentage of maximum heart rate in each session and groups 2 and 3 consumed 10 g chocolate daily. Before and after research period, the aerobic power (by cooper running test), resting blood pressure and heart rate were measured. One-way ANOVA, ANCOVA and paired sample t- test were used for statistical analysis of data (P≤0.05). Results: Eight weeks of aerobic training with chocolate significantly increased aerobic power (P=0.02) and decrease systolic blood pressure (P=0.001).Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training combined with chocolate consumption can improve blood pressure and aerobic power in inactive male. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
631 - Evaluation of satisfaction the Mehr Housing residents (case study: the Mehr Housing Rasht)
Asghar ShokrGozar Maryam Sojoodi Robabe MohamadZade Ahad Shabanpoor Farhad NazariIntroduction: the Mehr Housing one of the largest national projects to provide housing for the middle class and poor society. Overall satisfaction is one of the issues that most residential building in the field of environment and proven study that is part of the life s MoreIntroduction: the Mehr Housing one of the largest national projects to provide housing for the middle class and poor society. Overall satisfaction is one of the issues that most residential building in the field of environment and proven study that is part of the life satisfaction And also stated that residential satisfaction is closely related to life satisfaction. In this study, the goal is the satisfaction of the Mehr Housing residents of Rasht be considered to fulfill the wishes and needs of the residents of the the Mehr Housing to be identified. Method: The purpose of applied research and research methods, descriptive-analytic approach of the survey research using questionnaires and interviews with people living in the the Mehr Housing project. The time this study was conducted in spring 1394. The population in this study, 18,000 the Mehr Housing complex residents of Rasht, which now number six thousand eight hundred families have been living in it. Using the formula to determine the sample, the sample size, 381 individuals were estimated. The questionnaire satisfaction of Mehr housing scheme the 5 index physical-spatial, structural performance, socio - cultural, economic and residential environment was divided into data analysis was performed using the software SPSS20. To investigate the hypothesis of the study and analysis of survey questions and no significant differences between respondents in each of the questions from the chi-square test (χ 2) and t (T) and hierarchical cluster analysis to group questions used is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
632 - Identifying and microzonation the Armed robbery centers in Ahwaz city
maryam azadbakht noahed sajadian Morteza nematige ali shojaian: The aim of this study is to identify and locate the Armed robbery centers in Ahwaz in1393. To investigate and microzonation of crimes Hotspot in Ahwaz, three models have been used: kernel, Kriging and Directional Distribution is used. In the following, The deviation More: The aim of this study is to identify and locate the Armed robbery centers in Ahwaz in1393. To investigate and microzonation of crimes Hotspot in Ahwaz, three models have been used: kernel, Kriging and Directional Distribution is used. In the following, The deviation of this crime in overlap with Religious centers and marginalized neighborhoods and restry texture, It has been done. The results of the kernel model, showed that the Regions that have highest armed robbery are, 2, 6 and 8, in The kriging model 4 and 6 and1, But in Directional Distribution model And The average center hotspot located At the center point of the city, That is the same At the junction of three urban regions 1, 2 and 4. The findings of these results show that the highest spatial extent of crime is in Marginalization and The restry texture neighborhoods such as Hesirabad, Koi Seyyed Khalaf, Nizzat Abad, Mallashiyeh and Alawi Koi. The Results of overlapping with Religious centers Also show that Frequency and focus of this religious centers, decreases the rate of crime With a lot of intensity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
633 - Evaluation of quality of life in the Paradise neighborhood Mehr Housing Case with emphasis on sustainable development in Hamedan
mohammad javad sadeghe sabery amir zahedi yegane mehrdad hajian zeidy razieh ghadarjaniAbstract Today, perhaps one of the most important challenges of urban planning in our country, the housing seal of an explosively at the national level to be implemented and changes in the physical space and significant populations as a design house for the families of MoreAbstract Today, perhaps one of the most important challenges of urban planning in our country, the housing seal of an explosively at the national level to be implemented and changes in the physical space and significant populations as a design house for the families of the downstream community created , which do not coordinate with the principles of sustainable development.The issue of quality of life indicators of sustainable development and the welfare state in any society is nowadays a significant impact in the field of management.In Hamadan, like the rest, housing seal was conducted at several points that the Nzrmkan issue, how to build, prepare the lands are in trouble.And in this regard, using qualitative and documents and analyzes via GIS software and SPSS and lisrel and then evaluate the software AMOS and SEM, to check the status of quality Ztdgy area due to introduction of sustainable investigated, The results show that this area is inconsistent with the principles Shhrpaydar. Finally Planning was done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
634 - Analysis and study of citizens' travel behavior in the middle cities of Iran and its comparison with developed countries (Case study of Birjand)
Yadollah Gholampoor Korosh Afzali Morteza Araghi Mohammad Hasan GhanifarAbstractThis paper presents a conceptual framework for research on travel behavior by defining the scope of the research goal and conceptualizing the traveler as a transport network actor in terms of infrastructure, human networks, and addressing the social content of a MoreAbstractThis paper presents a conceptual framework for research on travel behavior by defining the scope of the research goal and conceptualizing the traveler as a transport network actor in terms of infrastructure, human networks, and addressing the social content of activities. Also, the study and analysis of passenger behavior in the middle cities of Iran (Birjand), including the frequency of travel of different people per day, the purpose of travel and mode selection is presented. Then, the differences between Birjand city in Iran and developed countries (USA, UK and Netherlands) in passenger behavior are compared, and the obtained data are analyzed. This research is of a fundamental type and its method is a combination (quantitative-qualitative) in the form of survey, descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the study is selected from the users of Birjand public transportation network and the statistical sample size is selected based on Cochran's formula, during which 389 people including 202 men and 187 women are selected. The results show that people over the age of 60 choose to go shopping, entertainment and physical education more than those under the age of 60. Women shop more than men, on the contrary, more men choose entertainment and physical education than women. As people get older, more and more people choose walking as the main mode of travel, and less people choose bicycles or motor cars to travel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
635 - Meta-study of environmental-physical characteristics of a healthy city in Iranian cities; In the period of 1390-1399 .
hamide shaebani rabori korosh afzali fateme khozai ravariExplanation of the topic: Following the excessive growth and expansion of cities, several approaches were proposed to ensure a favorable living situation for today and future generations, and one of these important approaches is the healthy city approach. The aim of the MoreExplanation of the topic: Following the excessive growth and expansion of cities, several approaches were proposed to ensure a favorable living situation for today and future generations, and one of these important approaches is the healthy city approach. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the environmental-physical indicators of a healthy city in Iranian cities. Method: The current research is a fundamental research from the point of view of the goal, quantitative in terms of method and descriptive-analytical in nature with meta-analysis method. In order to do the work, secondary data has been used and the type of model is the model with random effects. SPSS and CMA2 software were used to analyze the data. Findings: The findings show that in the mental studies group, all studies were significant and the estimation of the impact of all studies was also significant. Regarding the objective studies, 4 out of 10 studies were completely meaningless, but all the studies were significant. In the group of indicators, 29 indicators were subjective and 30 were objective indicators, and among the subjective indicators, 19 indicators were statistically significant, and among the objective indicators, 18 indicators were found to be meaningless. Results: The main results of the meta-analysis showed that the highest impact factor related to the "air quality" index, the highest confidence interval related to the "waste collection system quality" index, and the highest analysis power regarding the city of Salem is that of the "special cycling route". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
636 - Combination VIKOR Model and Measurement Systems Analysis(MSA)
Alireza Alinejad amir amini mohsen ziamanesh -
Open Access Article
637 - Ranking of Banks in Terms of Providing Electronic Services Using Two Approaches TOPSIS and VIKOR
Fathollah Tari Seyed Hassan Ghavami mehdi nobakht -
Open Access Article
638 - Presenting the Model of Tax Compliance with the realization approach of Resistive Economy: The Role of Internal and Psychological Factors
Seyyed Yaser Ebrahimian Jolodar Masoud Ahmadi Niloofar Imankhan -
Open Access Article
639 - The Relationship between Organizational Trust and Job Satisfaction in Employees of the Agricultural Bank Branches
Abolghasem Barimani Ali Salimi Khorshidi -
Open Access Article
640 - Regional modeling of relationship between sediment yield and vegetation cover in Sabalan mountain catchments
Sayyad Asghari saraskanroud Mahdi Jadidoleslami ghalehnoThe knowledge about spatial relationships of vegetation with sediment yield (S.Y) in watersheds is essential for optimal controlling and managing of water and soil resources. The purpose of this study was to recognize and determine the relationship between vegetation co MoreThe knowledge about spatial relationships of vegetation with sediment yield (S.Y) in watersheds is essential for optimal controlling and managing of water and soil resources. The purpose of this study was to recognize and determine the relationship between vegetation cover and annual S.Y of Sabalan catchments, N.W Iran. In this regard, the possibility of presentation of regional S.Y estimation models based on correlation and regression analysis were considered. Independent variables include average, minimum and maximum NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index), extracted through the processing of Landsa.t 8 satellite imagery in the ENVI environment. The dependent variable, which was the annual S.Y, was obtained through calculations on sediment load data of 10 sample hydrometric stations. Results of correlation test showed that there was a strong and significant relationship between the average NDVI and the annual S.Y in the catchments (r = -0/758). This inverse relationship emphasizes the importance and apparent role of vegetation in reducing sediment production and transporting in the region. Moreover, the results of regression tests showed that is possible to present the regional estimation models regards to annual S.Y by fitting linear, quadratic and power functions. In this regard, the quadratic model has the highest performance and explain 75% of the annual S.Y variance. The linear relationship was also able to explain 57% of the annual sedimentary variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
641 - Studying the effect of evapotranspiration on the temperature near the surface of the earth using the LCZ algorithm in Tehran and Alborz provinces.
Ali teymoori Saeed Jahanbakhsh Ali mohammad Khorshid DostEarth surface temperature changes can affect various environmental factors and elements, and by affecting bioclimatic comfort, energy consumption, plant and animal phenology, air pollutant concentration, soil and air moisture density, and other environmental factors can MoreEarth surface temperature changes can affect various environmental factors and elements, and by affecting bioclimatic comfort, energy consumption, plant and animal phenology, air pollutant concentration, soil and air moisture density, and other environmental factors can also be affected by these factors.In this research, in order to investigate the role of actual evaporation-transpiration on the temperature of the earth's surface at ten meters, the variables of carbon monoxide, water vapor density, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, water vapor pressure and wind speed in twelve uses With the help of LCZ algorithm, determined for Tehran and Alborz provinces, have been studied and investigated.The studied area has a high potential for the occurrence of thermal islands due to special geographical conditions such as location, variety of man-made structures and special ecological conditions. In this research, according to the impact of the studied variables and the need to examine the relationships between them, hierarchical clustering in a combined manner, path analysis method and remote sensing techniques have been used. According to the obtained results, among the studied variables, actual evaporation-transpiration in none of the uses had a significant effect on increasing or decreasing the temperature of the ground surface at 10 meters. Water vapor pressure in class 14 (areas with grassy vegetation) shows the greatest effect in increasing the temperature of the earth's surface.Based on the obtained results, the type of use is highly dependent on the impact of the studied variables on the surface temperature of the earth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
642 - Zonation of rainfall erosivity strength; using Fournier method and some interpolation techniques (a case study of Ghazvin province)
حسن ahmadiAbstract In this study rainfall erosivity in Ghazvin province has been modeled and estimated through the application of Fournier model and based on a 20-year statistical period (1368-1388) of meteorological bureaus (synoptic, climatology and rain gauge) and Regional wa MoreAbstract In this study rainfall erosivity in Ghazvin province has been modeled and estimated through the application of Fournier model and based on a 20-year statistical period (1368-1388) of meteorological bureaus (synoptic, climatology and rain gauge) and Regional water organization. To generalize point data of erosivity strength ratio in Fournier model to the surface, in Ghazvin province, Kriging and IDW methods have been used. In addition, to evaluate interpolation methods, cross validation and RMSE criterion have been employed. Accordingly, IDW method was identified to be more appropriate, due to the less error in mean chi-square (6/59) than Kriging method (7/23). Also, Variogram with exponential model was used as the proper model for fitting. Modeling and evaluation of rainfall erosivity in Ghazvin province were performed by location analysis function of Geographic Information System and GS+ software. The data indicate that north and northeastern regions and some parts in the southwest of the province, with minimum/maximum rainfall of (216.1- 776.9) and (205.2- 751) respectively, have the highest rainfall erosivity ratio. These changes could be influenced by rain distribution patterns, the amount of rainfall, and the topographical characteristics of the region. Ultimately, 4 different regions with insignificant, low, medium and high erosive ratios were distinguished in Ghazvin province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
643 - The effect of some growth regulators on the micro propagation of orchid (Phalaenopsis philippinensis) by flowering stem buds
Mehdi KhorshidiOrchids are one of the most famous and important ornamental plants that have a high commercial value. plant tissue culture is one of the most important methods for the plant proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine the best concentration of growth regulator MoreOrchids are one of the most famous and important ornamental plants that have a high commercial value. plant tissue culture is one of the most important methods for the plant proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine the best concentration of growth regulators of benzyl amino purine (BAP) and indole butyric acid (IBA) on orchid micro propagation. The flower stem buds of orchid (Phalaenopsis philippinensis) were used as explant. This study was performed as a factorial in a completely randomized design with two factors BAP, IBA and in three replications. In the stem formation section of the first factor BAP at 4 levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) and IBA at 2 levels (0 and 0.25 mg/l), also in the root formation section the first factor IBA in 4 levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) and BAP were considered at 2 levels (0 and 0.1 mg/l). The results of this study showed that the highest number of shoot formation was obtained at the concentration of 1 mg/L BAP with 0.25 mg/L IBA which has led to the production of 12.27 shoot per explant. The lowest number of shoot formation was observed in the group control. In the root formation, the highest number of roots (4.33) and also the maximum root length (8.67 cm) were obtained at the concentration of 1 mg/L IBA with 0.1 mg/L BAP. The results also show that the combination of growth regulators together improves the result in comparison with their uses alone. Therefor results generally shows that the plant tissue culture is a suitable and optimal way to propagate orchid species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
644 - The development of sustainable energy with the optimal site selection for solar power plants ( Case Study: Mazandaran province)
Reza LahmianThe use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy can be the best option for energy supply. The first step is to develop the use of solar energy and then locate potential survey areas where other plants have the situation is. Mazandaran province has the potential t MoreThe use of sustainable energy, especially solar energy can be the best option for energy supply. The first step is to develop the use of solar energy and then locate potential survey areas where other plants have the situation is. Mazandaran province has the potential to exploit solar energy. In this study, the criteria of sunshine, slope, distance from populated areas, away from roads, away from power lines, land use and limitations layer criteria is intended to locate the plant. In this study, the criteria of sunshine, slope, distance from populated areas, away from roads, away from power lines, land use and limitations layer criteria is intended to locate the plant. In general, finding the right place or places great importance in every field so that the whole range of research has focused on, The most important GIS is largely achievable. Methods This cross-sectional study to examine the issue of the Geographic Information System (GIS) and analytical network process (ANP) has been used. ANP is a multi-criteria decision-making techniques in a series of compensatory models will be, and All interactions and relationships between levels of decision-making at the network structure can be used in, But since less network analysis to determine the final priority options are used to more sophisticated methods such as TOPSIS technique was used. After taking the required layers and reclassification, possible locations in the study area was determined. In order to evaluate the result of three main factors topsis population, proximity to transmission lines and close to the examined. The evaluation indicated that TOPSIS high compliance with the above three criteria are ideal options. Finally, it was found that about 4771/960 square kilometers of area of the province, there is the possibility to construct solar power plants.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
645 - Regional Development Strategy, a Solution to Decentralization (Sample: City of Rasht)
Majid Yasoori Maryam SojoodiRasht county, has been experiencing unique circumstances compared to its surrounding cities and have had a growing tendency to centralization, since the beginning of its formation. Formation of one-sided relationship and orientation of most of the vital and functional m MoreRasht county, has been experiencing unique circumstances compared to its surrounding cities and have had a growing tendency to centralization, since the beginning of its formation. Formation of one-sided relationship and orientation of most of the vital and functional movements of the cities of the province toward the city of Rasht have led to seclusion and inactivity in other settlement points of the province. It seems that with the expansion of activities in the city of Rasht, this problem will be expanded. This study investigates the fields of centralization in the city of Rasht in three areas: administrative-political centralization, economic-service centralization, and centralization of the population. During explaining the most important symbols and instances of centralizations in mentioned areas, to reduce the centralization in the city of Rasht, orient the movements to the other points and consequently balance the movements and interactions, we use the new model Regional Development Strategy (RDS). Regional development strategy with its strategic, community-based and flexible thinking is very effective in the establishment of regional balance since this model attempts to exploit the capabilities, capacities, actions and cooperation of all the regions and organize them as well as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
646 - Assessing the Urban Resilience against the Seismic Risks with Emphasis on Economic, Physical, and Infrastructural Dimensions (A Case Study of the Dist. 12 of Tehran)
Elnaz Jazayeri Rasool Samadzadeh Hossein HataminejadThe present research aimed to assess the quantity of indicators of economic and physical-infrastructural aspects of resilience in Dist. 12 of Tehran against earthquake which has been assessed according to the optimal rate at the universal level. In order to define the o MoreThe present research aimed to assess the quantity of indicators of economic and physical-infrastructural aspects of resilience in Dist. 12 of Tehran against earthquake which has been assessed according to the optimal rate at the universal level. In order to define the optimal rate in the research, the numerical value of each index in the regions throughout the world where multiple crises have occurred (such as Japan and California) have been considered as the optimal level of resilience for each factor. The method of research in this study is descriptive-analytical. Therefore, after doing the theoretical and empirical review of literature about the resilience, the researchers presented a conceptual model for assessing the quantity of resilience throughout the region. Giving the definitions of the criteria and factors at the economic and physical-infrastructural levels, the researchers compared the quantity of resilience against earthquake at its optimal level. The results of the findings indicated that among the economic indicators, three criteria of the type of business, the scale of business and the level of employment which had been examined were all below the optimal level. Among the physical-infrastructural indices, all indices were below the optimal level, and among them, the density index constructed with a distance of 94% from the optimal level (1) had the highest difference with the optimal level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
647 - Survey and Evaluation of Diopside Nanostructure (DSN) Bioactivity in Biomedical Application
hassan gheisari -
Open Access Article
648 - A theoretical study of the influence of solvent polarity on the structure and spectral properties in the interaction of C20 and Si2H2
Reza Ghiasi S Jamehbozorgi Z KazemiIn this investigation, the interaction of C20 and disilyne (Si2H2) fragment was explored in the M062X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory in gas solution phases. The interaction energy was obtained with standard method were corrected by basis set superposition error (BSSE) du MoreIn this investigation, the interaction of C20 and disilyne (Si2H2) fragment was explored in the M062X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory in gas solution phases. The interaction energy was obtained with standard method were corrected by basis set superposition error (BSSE) during the geometry optimization for all molecules at the same levels of theory. Also, the bonding interaction between the C20 and Si2H2 fragment has been analyzed by means of the energy decomposition analysis (EDA). The results obtained from these calculations reveal interaction between C20 and disilyne (Si2H2) increases in the presence of more polar solvents. There are good correlations between these parameters and dielectric constants of solvents. The wavenumbers of IR-active symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of Si-H groups and 29Si NMR chemical shift values in different solvents were correlated with the Kirkwood–Bauer–Magat equation (KBM). our calculations showed the good relationship between chemical shift values of 29Si NMR, IR-active symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of Si-H groups and KBM solvent parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
649 - Evaluation of heat temperatures on the structure of nano-rod
hassan GHEISARI -
Open Access Article
650 - Reflexive Metadiscourse Markers in Academic Interviews: A Frequency and Functional Study
Oranoos Rezaei Seyed Foad Ebrahimi Saeed Yazdani -
Open Access Article
651 - Critical Cultural Awareness in Iranian ELT Coursrbooksd: Coursebook Realizations and Ideals
Mostafa Ghaffari داوود کوهی مرتضی اصل رسولی -
Open Access Article
652 - نقش عوامل بیولوژیکی مدرسان غیر انگلیسی زبان ایرانی در مدیریت سوء رفتارهای زبان آموزان
Zahra Hashempour Azizeh Chalak Hossein Heidari Tabriziمدیریت کلاسی یکی از اجزا مهم توانش حرفه ای مدرسان برای ارتقا یادگیری است. این مطالعه استراتژیهای مدیریت کلاسی مدرسان از نظر عوامل بیولوژیکی شامل سن و جنسیت در پاسخ به سوء رفتارهای یادگیرندگان ایرانی انگلیسی بعنوان زبان خارجه را بررسی کرد. شرکت کنندگان این مطالعه هفتادو Moreمدیریت کلاسی یکی از اجزا مهم توانش حرفه ای مدرسان برای ارتقا یادگیری است. این مطالعه استراتژیهای مدیریت کلاسی مدرسان از نظر عوامل بیولوژیکی شامل سن و جنسیت در پاسخ به سوء رفتارهای یادگیرندگان ایرانی انگلیسی بعنوان زبان خارجه را بررسی کرد. شرکت کنندگان این مطالعه هفتادو پنج (چهل و یک زن و سی و چهار مرد) مدرسان دانشگاه و آموزشگاههای استان فارس بودند. این مطالعه با طرح توصیفی از دو سری ابزار شامل یک پرسشنامه پنج مقیاسی لیکرت و یک مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته برای جمع آوری داده ها استفاده کرد. پرسشنامه استراتژیهای مدیریت کلاسی مدرسان و مصاحبه نظرات آنها نسبت به مدیریت کلاس را مشخص می کردند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها یک وان وی آنووا و ایندیپندنت سمپل تی تست اجرا شد. یافته ها نشان داد که سن و جنسیت ممدرسان تاثیر چشمگیری بر نوع استراتژیهایی که آنها هنگام مواجه شدن با سوء رفتارها بکار می گیرند دارد. یافته ها همچنین نشان داد که مدرسان مرد از استراتژیهایی مانند اخطار کلاسی و مدرسان زن بیرون کردن زبان آموزان از کلاس استفاده می کنند. گروههای سنی از نظر بکار گیری دو نوع استراتژی یعنی پاداش دادن به یادگیرندگان با وقت آزاد یا فعالیتها و کم کردن نمره آنها متفاوت بودند. یافته های این مطالعه می تواند برای طراحان برنامه درسی، مدرسان زبان انگلیسی، و سیاست گذاران کاربرد داشته باشد زیرا می تواند مهارتهای آنها در مدیریت بهتر سوء رفتار یادگیرندگان را ارتقا دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
653 - تأثیر آموزش ژانر محور بر توانایی بحث نویسی پژوهشگران پزشکی ایران
Sadegh Ghaffari Zhila Mohammadniaچکیدهآموزش مبتنی بر ژانر از اواسط دهه 1980 توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. ژانر در رابطه با استفاده از زبان در موقعیت های ارتباطی مرسوم تعریف می شود (سوالز، 1990). در این پژوهش تلاش شد تا تأثیر آموزش ژانر محور بر توانایی بحث نویسی پژوهشگران پزشکی ایران مورد بررسی قرا Moreچکیدهآموزش مبتنی بر ژانر از اواسط دهه 1980 توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. ژانر در رابطه با استفاده از زبان در موقعیت های ارتباطی مرسوم تعریف می شود (سوالز، 1990). در این پژوهش تلاش شد تا تأثیر آموزش ژانر محور بر توانایی بحث نویسی پژوهشگران پزشکی ایران مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. برای بررسی فرضیه های تدوین شده، گروهی متشکل از 35 شرکت کننده به طور تصادفی از بین محققان علوم پزشکی دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی زنجان و تهران انتخاب شدند. محققین زن و مرد هر دو در این مطالعه شرکت کردند. طرح پیش آزمون پس آزمون درون گروهی اجرا شد. مراحل آموزشی به مدت چهار جلسه قبل از اجرای پس آزمون انجام شد. نتایج آزمون t زوجی نشان داد که آموزش مبتنی بر ژانر بر توانایی بحث نویسی پژوهشگران ایرانی علوم پزشکی تأثیر معناداری دارد. در نهایت، در یک مصاحبه گروهی متمرکز، شرکت کنندگان ادعا کردند که تخصص آنها در نوشتن به دلیل جلسات درمانی به طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافته است. پیامدهای این مطالعه ممکن است شامل استفاده از آموزش ژانر محور در برنامه درسی ESP ایران باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
654 - Professional Identity Reflection of Iranian EFL Instructors in E-Teaching: Focus on Achievement Orientation Theory
Raziyeh Fallah Azizeh Chalak Hossein Heidari Tabrizi -
Open Access Article
655 - Explaining Organizational culture in sport
ali hajiani Fateme Hamidi Far abbas khorshidi amirhossein mahmoodiThe concept of organizational culture is formed in common and everyday language in sport, as concepts that strengthen the organizational problems of joint management. Sports organizations and coaches, athletes and their members are promising subjects for studying organi MoreThe concept of organizational culture is formed in common and everyday language in sport, as concepts that strengthen the organizational problems of joint management. Sports organizations and coaches, athletes and their members are promising subjects for studying organizational culture; Therefore, the purpose of this article was to review the narrative of organizational culture in sports; So, the purpose of this article was to review the narrative of organizational culture in sports. The selection of research paradigms, methods, interests, perspectives and definitions, and operationalization of organizational culture used in 38 studies were investigated. This issue highlights the diversity of studied ways of culture in sports and the wide range of interests investigated in this research, including informing the development of athletes, the relationship between the power of culture and organizational performance, and understanding the driving forces of organizational diversity. Contrary to the broader organizational culture literature, in sports it is preferred to assume culture as a variable to be manipulated within an organization. The opportunity to expand the approaches to studying organizational culture in sports is discussed, such as expanding the methods used to conduct studies, including coaches and athletes in the study people and using the perspective of dispersion, where ambiguity and conflict are considered in the understanding of culture. Keywords: Organizational Culture, Sport, Narrative review, Coaching, Management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
656 - Investigating the effect of human resource management activities on organizational performance with the mediating role of organizational commitment in free universities of Fars province
adel koulak hassan soltani shiva madahian mahdi mohamadbagheri navid fatehi radThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of human resource management activities onorganizational performance with the mediating role of organizational commitment in open universitiesin Fars province. The research method was applied in terms of purpose an MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of human resource management activities onorganizational performance with the mediating role of organizational commitment in open universitiesin Fars province. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and heuristic mixed method interms of data collection. Participants in this study in the qualitative section included managers andqualified staff of free universities in Fars province, from which 10 people were selected using purposivesampling. Also, in the quantitative part, the statistical population of the study included all managers andstaff (including faculty members) of free universities in Fars province, which using Morgan table andstratified random sampling method with proportional allocation of 357 people as Sample sizes wereselected. Collect the information required in the qualitative part to design a research model with a semistructured open interview and in the quantitative part using a researcher-made questionnaire thatincluded 3 structures (variables), 12 dimensions and 37 questions in the form of a 5-point Likert scale ..شدTo determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, convergent validity methods,Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used, respectively, based on which thevalidity and reliability were confirmed. The results of structural equation test showed that from theperspective of managers and staff of free universities in Fars province, the variable of organizationalcommitment has a mediating and significant effect on the relationship between human resourcemanagement and organizational performance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
657 - Identify the components of sustainable secondary education in sustainable development and design an optimal model
Masoud Rajabi mozhgan mohammadi naeeni Alireza FaghihiBackground and Objective: This study was conducted to identify the components ofsustainable secondary education in sustainable development and provide a desirable model.Materials and Methodology: The research method of this research is a combined method andconsecutive e MoreBackground and Objective: This study was conducted to identify the components ofsustainable secondary education in sustainable development and provide a desirable model.Materials and Methodology: The research method of this research is a combined method andconsecutive exploratory type. The statistical population in the qualitative stage was experts inthe field of secondary education and senior education managers who were purposefullyidentified through a snowball sampling method of 12 people. Also, for data collection, semistructured interviews, theoretical background examinations and previous researches were usedin a harmonized manner. In the quantitative stage and following the qualitative stage with theaim of implementing a questionnaire and confirming the qualitative components to present thefinal model of a statistical population of 300 people 170 people were used as a statistical samplethrough stratified random sampling using Krejcie and Morgan table . The obtained data wereanalyzed in the quantitative part of the research using factor analysis.Results: Research findings in the form of a model with 14 effective dimensions including:environmental management, social sustainability, educational sustainability, politicalsustainability, participatory sustainability, institutional resilience, development education,environmental sustainability, sustainable management, research sustainability, sustainabilityEconomic, sustainable monitoring and evaluation system, sustainable administrative andfinancial system and cultural sustainability.Conclusion: Sustainability education is always related to environmental health education, inwhich human behavior affects the environment, so a healthy or detrimental environment forsurvival and coexistence between different living organisms on Earth is created Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
658 - The relationship between job overload and job burnout with mediating role of psychological capital in teachers
somayeh asli kochanloo behrang esmaeili shadAbstractIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between job overloadand job burnout with the mediating role of psychological capital.Methods: The research is descriptive in nature. The statistical population included 306 primaryschool tea MoreAbstractIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between job overloadand job burnout with the mediating role of psychological capital.Methods: The research is descriptive in nature. The statistical population included 306 primaryschool teachers in Shirvan city. According to Krejcie-Morgan table, 184 people were selectedas the sample by stratified random sampling. Data collection tools were Maslach burnoutquestionnaire (1985), Golparvar et al. job overload (2010) and psychological capital fromMcGee et al. (2011) questionnaire. Lisrel 8 software was used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between role burden andpsychological capital (coefficient of 0.45 and significance of -4.60). There is a significantrelationship between psychological capital and burnout (coefficient -0.49 and significance -4.77). There was a significant relationship between role burden and burnout (0.57 andsignificance 2.15). Also, for the main hypothesis, a general relationship of 0.12 was obtained,therefore, the role of cost overrun and burnout is related to the mediating role of psychologicalcapital.Conclusions: Role overload and burnout are related to the mediating role of psychologicalcapital. Therefore, to reduce burnout and role overload, psychological capital can be trainedand developed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
659 - Evaluation of Environmental Considerations within Iranian Elementary School Social Studies Curriculum
Hasan Mirzaie Firouz Rezaian Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini -
Open Access Article
660 - A Study on the Nature of Iranian English Teachers’ Grammar Beliefs
Khalegh Setoodeh Esmaeil Jadidi Ehsan Rassaei -
Open Access Article
661 - Developing a conceptual model of effective factors in corrective feedback used among english language learners
Mohammad Rahimi shahram Afraz Amin Karimnia -
Open Access Article
662 - The Role of Ethical and Educational Models in Promoting the Islamic Lifestyle
Afifeh Hamedi -
Open Access Article
663 - The causes and contexts of the development and prosperity of historiography during the period of the Mamluk Sultans (648-923 AH)
amirhosein sharifi sattar Oudi RAMAZAN rezayiReview: Historiography grew and flourished in the Mamluk era in such a way that this period should be considered the peak of Islamic historiography. The writing of hundreds of books with many and voluminous volumes in all kinds of historiography and especially in the f MoreReview: Historiography grew and flourished in the Mamluk era in such a way that this period should be considered the peak of Islamic historiography. The writing of hundreds of books with many and voluminous volumes in all kinds of historiography and especially in the fields of general, local, and dynastic histories shows this issue. No period of Islamic history has seen so many historical works. The basic question of this research is: Why was historiography so much attention during the period of Mamluk Sultans (648-923 AHThe findings of this research indicate that the long crusades and also the Mongols with the Mamluks have been very effective in this field. Muslim historians intend to write their books to remember the great and brilliant victories of the Mamluk sultans against the eastern and western enemies of Islam for future generations. The encouragement and persuasion of the Mamluk sultans and emirs and some other factors that are the subject of this article have also been very effective in this field. The study method used in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on reliable sources as well as looking at study and research writings and referring to the library and digital resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
664 - A study of the style of constitutional letters to the heads of the west of the country (relying on Il Kalhor)
iraj nikjoResultIn the beginning of Qajar Government, a literary big movement begins in Iran that Persian language and the mode of poem and prose went ahead toward an evolutionary reformation. In investigation of Constitutionalists letters to Kalhors tribe leaders it can be reach MoreResultIn the beginning of Qajar Government, a literary big movement begins in Iran that Persian language and the mode of poem and prose went ahead toward an evolutionary reformation. In investigation of Constitutionalists letters to Kalhors tribe leaders it can be reached to this result that according to this aim new issues raised in literature that didn’t have any background before such as social and political issues existent regime liberalism patriotism …. that sometimes causes changing of letters form that was the first result of exchanging letter between constitutionalists to west of country tribe’s leaders. The dominant theme of those letters are liberalism and fighting against injustice and inhumanity as a canonical task. Structurally one of the charities of Constitutional eras prose that its addressing is to general scope is not seen much Of course it seem that this strategy rises from literary kind of letters.Easywriting process that is one of the main tendencies of Constitutional eras prose is seen rarely. and the prose of these letters is the reminder of Beihaqis history and Saedis Bostan prose somewhat.One of the obvious and important points of these letters is its perspectives that is seen well and beautifully and it is the use of second-person Pronoun. Another point that has closed the prose of these letters to constitutional eras prose is the replacement of logic than description. Because the tendency to logic in prose is one of the prominent characteristics of Constitutional eras prose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
665 - The Comparison of Bertold Spuler's Views and Opinions with Russian Researchers on the Situation of Religion in Ilkhanid Period
karaim faraji Monirh kazemirashed Ali salarishadi manijeh sadriSeveral scholars have investigated the religious situation of the Mongol era. Each of them, in their own opinion, sometimes cited, and some by prejudice and according to their particular tendencies, have paid attention to it. However, in order to understand the nature o MoreSeveral scholars have investigated the religious situation of the Mongol era. Each of them, in their own opinion, sometimes cited, and some by prejudice and according to their particular tendencies, have paid attention to it. However, in order to understand the nature of religion and religious politics in the Mongol period, considering the conditions and requirements of the Mongol invasion, it is necessary to examine the views and opinions of different scholars, in order to determine the approaches of this research to this issue, and the reasons and how Such processes will be clear. On the other hand, the comparative and comparative evaluation of the opinions of these researchers and their assessment of "classical documents" and "historical evidence" can undoubtedly be important in this understanding and approach. Therefore, the present research analyzes the comparison and evaluation of the views of Spuler (as one of the Western scholars in the Mongol history) with the views and attitudes of the Russian scholars on the state of religion in the Mongol era, seeking to answer this main question. What is the analytical perspective on the Mongolian religious situation consistent with reality? The research method in this study will be based on comparative analysis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
666 - Hierarchy of Shia scholars and their functions from the end of Safavid erea to the end of Zandiya Looking at the scholars of Shiraz
seyedeh safiyeh mortazavi sholouhsadat arabi hashemi Feizollah Boushasb GoushehAccording to the position and role of Shia religion in the Safavid period and the relations of the Safavid sultans with religious scholars, scholars were appointed in various positions, sometimes these positions were rooted in the structure of the Iranian Diwan, and som MoreAccording to the position and role of Shia religion in the Safavid period and the relations of the Safavid sultans with religious scholars, scholars were appointed in various positions, sometimes these positions were rooted in the structure of the Iranian Diwan, and sometimes they were invented by the Safavids or modeled after the Ottoman governmental positions. Among these positions, we can mention chancellery, Malabashi, Sheikh al-Islam, Qazi, Qazi Asghar, Imam Juma, etc. The power of these positions in entering government affairs was related to the power of the Safavid sultans and their view of religion, as shown in At the end of the Safavid era, the power of scholars increased in political and governmental positions. In the Afshariya period, some cases; Such as the limitation of the religious and social functions of the scholars and their weak presence in the political arena, the limitation of endowment and non-endowment financial resources of the Shia scholars and finally their seclusion and migration to the neighboring lands of Iran indicate the weakness of the religious institution and the lack of involvement of the scholars in governmental and political affairs in this era. In the Zandiya period, especially in the Karim Khan period, by limiting the power of the religious scholars, an effort was made to prevent their influence and interference in politics, while maintaining social productivity. They lost themselves in the civil and governmental structure and the scholars were mostly responsible for the belief and religious leadership of the people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
667 - Iranian musician UrmuI performances in Baghdad mongul period
MOHAMMAD REZA HASHEMI NIA mohammad sepehri satar oudiIranian musician UrmuI had many ups and downs in his life. He lived with his family as a child and left Urmia with the idea of learning to travel to Baghdad before the Mongol invasions left. There, he found himself at the cultural, political and scientific center of the MoreIranian musician UrmuI had many ups and downs in his life. He lived with his family as a child and left Urmia with the idea of learning to travel to Baghdad before the Mongol invasions left. There, he found himself at the cultural, political and scientific center of the Islamic world. He studied in the most explicit documentary of his time, the most famous school of his day, and evolved into various arts and sciences. It was not long before he found himself with the Abbasid caliph and his companionship, and this dry period ended with the invasion of Hulako, a situation that was tactfully and artistically restored to life and to the glory of the past, and then back to the service of the junior ministers. Closed and this period was not too late and all his pleasures ended and the only way he could get to jail was on his way to hormone. He was finally imprisoned at the age of five for failing to pay off his debt and was imprisoned there for six months. And the humiliation died Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
668 - Local history of Helwan up to the Ottoman period
soltanmorad mahaki mohammadreza shahidi pak mohammad dardashti.AbstractLocal history of Halvan. The customs and achievements of civilization based on written and oral sources were studied by descriptive and analytical methods and field studies. And these developments have been depicted with reference to reliable sources. Helwan, o More.AbstractLocal history of Halvan. The customs and achievements of civilization based on written and oral sources were studied by descriptive and analytical methods and field studies. And these developments have been depicted with reference to reliable sources. Helwan, one of the eight ancient cities of the world, the gateway to Islam in Iran, which became the center of Islamic civilization, the existence of abundant natural resources, strategic location and the Silk Road route attracted the attention of the powers. Halwan was a large city in the fourth century AH. This city was abandoned for a long time after its conquest by the Seljuks and the historic earthquake (544 AH). The seventh century with the Mongol invasion accelerated the destruction of the city and a collection of several tens of incomes. Qazvini at the end of the seventh century and Hamdollah Mostofi in the middle of the eighth century describe it as an abandoned city.Keywords: Halon, local, civilization, Islam Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
669 - An Investigation of the Consequences of the Iranian Land Reform: a Case Study of Maragheh County
reza nezadnaghi Masomeh garadagi nasser sedghi manizheh SadriAbstract The Iranian Land Reform was among the most important programs that were operationalized during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah and left deep impacts on land ownership, class structure, social mobility, and the composition of the ruling parties. In fact, the la MoreAbstract The Iranian Land Reform was among the most important programs that were operationalized during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah and left deep impacts on land ownership, class structure, social mobility, and the composition of the ruling parties. In fact, the land reform had social and political goals and its major consequence was the elimination of owners’ political and social influences. The starting point of the program was Maragheh, and the county was acknowledged as the pioneer in this movement. On social dimension, the land reform brought about growth and development for farmers and workers. Findings and results reveal that on political dimension, the land reform weakened owners’ power and at the same, enhanced the influence of the central government and its concentration of power in villages. In its pioneer county, the land reform caused the migration of villagers to the town and a significant number of neighborhoods, such as Mikail Abad, Eshrat Abad, Yousef Abad, and Hashem Abad, were formed in rural areas, which brought about unfavorable social, economic, political, and cultural consequences and created a number of fake jobs in Maragheh. It also resulted in the removal of workforce and losing job opportunities in rural areas that did nothing but destroying agriculture. In the current study, the descriptive-analytical methodology has been applied and the events have been analyzed through applying historical documents, political elites’ memoirs, and interviews with eyewitnesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
670 - Examining the role of the god of Mehr in the religious text of Mehr Yasht Avesta
mohammadreza bavandpour mohammad karim yousef jamali Naser Jadidi Shokooh Sadat Arabi HashemiThe cult of Sun Worshiping has long been practiced in ancient Iran. But after the prosperity of Zoroastrianism by Zarathustra, Mehr, who was considered the god of Mehr and the sun, became the god of Mehr and descended from the rank of god, and in Avesta he was given a p MoreThe cult of Sun Worshiping has long been practiced in ancient Iran. But after the prosperity of Zoroastrianism by Zarathustra, Mehr, who was considered the god of Mehr and the sun, became the god of Mehr and descended from the rank of god, and in Avesta he was given a part called Mehr Yasht. The seal is not the same as the sun, but later the two were combined and considered one. In Avesta, the god of love is introduced as the angel of light and enlightenment, as well as war, and has the high qualities of power and heroism. In this research, which has been done as a library, we examine the role of god of Mehr socially and its function based on Mehr Yasht texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
671 - Investigating how Reza Shah deals with the issue of modernity, Intellectuallity, and analyzing his cognitive behavior with intellectuals according to historical research and documents
Mehrab Hatami manizheh Sadri Simin Fasihi Nazli Eskandari nezhadIntellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they als MoreIntellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they also show a tendency to fight against the established powers. Its constituent forces can be clerics, journalists, teachers, professors, party activists, and artists. The main demand of these intellectuals was the establishment of a new European-style law system, the re-identification and national traditions of Iran, prohibiting clerics from interfering in politics and establishing new political institutions based on national sovereignty, and creating a modern national government. In examining the position of these forces in the era of Reza Shah, mostly the forces critical of the government and outside Reza Khani's political apparatus have intended to comment. Reza Shah's period is one in which important developments in the public and higher education, as well as movements in the modernization of the education system and higher education occurred in Iran. As a result, the enlightenment phenomenon manifests itself on a larger scale. The government's critical behavior eventually led to Reza Shah's strong reaction to them till the intellectuals were either imprisoned or attracted to Reza Shah's apparatus and due to the lack of public base, they were unable to make a significant impact on developments. In addition, Reza Shah was not optimistic about intellectual activities and that got the intellectuals out of the way individually, either organizationally or in groups Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
672 - The Role of Tribes in not Shaping the Civil Society in Qajar Era
Bahman Abdollahi ozan sofla Masomeh garadagi Sharzad Sasanpur Davod EsfahanianAbstract The tribes and nomads have always composed major part of the population in Iran and directly or indirectly have had roles in politics and government as the Iran society was a traditional, tribal one and this became more remarkable and important as the Qajars st MoreAbstract The tribes and nomads have always composed major part of the population in Iran and directly or indirectly have had roles in politics and government as the Iran society was a traditional, tribal one and this became more remarkable and important as the Qajars stepped onto the power and one of these fields is the issue of civil society, Therefore the current article which is to study the role of the tribes in not shaping the civil society in Qajar era will study the two issue of tribes and nomads and their roles in the field of civil society after developing the conceptual atmosphere of the subject of the research. According to the topical documents presented in this research, the research method is descriptional - analytical and the the data gathering method was a library one. The findings of the research indicates that first, the changes in Iranian society and the movement to a civil society like what happened in West needed the frame-works. The radical traditionalism has decreased the speed of these changes. The constitutionalism revolution speeded these changes which was not compatible with Iranian Society, for this reason was ended in failour and only a formal structure was resulted out of what was expected. Second. Qajarid was a tribal ruling and each state was governed by a prince and and there was no solidarity in the state and the tribal ruling was one of the reason for not shaping the civil society in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
673 - The Law of Qajar Periodism and its Impact on Political and Social Situation in Iran(Constitutional Revolution)
ghorbanali najafi andarvar amirteymour rafiei mohammadkarim yosef jamaliAbstract:The reign of the Qajar kings began after the victory of Ahmad Muhammad Khan over Zand rulers and other claimants of government. The relations of power and relations prevailing in the Qajar political system were based on political power. As such, Qajar's rise to MoreAbstract:The reign of the Qajar kings began after the victory of Ahmad Muhammad Khan over Zand rulers and other claimants of government. The relations of power and relations prevailing in the Qajar political system were based on political power. As such, Qajar's rise to power must be seen as a kind of shift in power within Iran's provincial structure. The basic basis of the political power of the Qajar government, as in other periods of Iranian history, was based on tribal structure and the tribes and tribes possessed the real power of the state. In such a structure, the king of God was the shadow of God on earth and the center of political decisions. This status and characteristic of the king's extraterrestrial power led to the concentration of power, law-abiding, despotism, and authoritarianism, resulting in political underdevelopment. The conditional revolution took place in response to the king's extraterrestrial and heavenly power, but failed with the emergence of minor tyranny. In this research, we are trying to study the Qajar method, how to build the inheritance power and the absence of legal institutions in the Qajar era and its role on the political and social situation of Iran until the Constitutional era. The purpose is practical and, in the nature of research, descriptive and analytical, the data and findings are. The method of gathering data is viewing and reading through a library and archive of documents as well as searching the Internet and virtual networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
674 - Social order and security during the Al-Buwayh era based on efficient corps
jamileh mirzakhani hoseyn khosravi Sohrab EslamiThe IRGC was important to the Sultan of the Buyids because of its militaristic nature and for maintaining its occupation and fighting the claimants of the government. Therefore, recognizing the position, role and function of the IRGC in the Buwayhid era is a matter of r MoreThe IRGC was important to the Sultan of the Buyids because of its militaristic nature and for maintaining its occupation and fighting the claimants of the government. Therefore, recognizing the position, role and function of the IRGC in the Buwayhid era is a matter of recognizing the structure of government and, consequently, the order and security of the society of the Buwayhid era. In this regard, the central question of the present study is what was the military strategy of the IRGC in the era of Al-Buwayh and what were its characteristics? The hypothesis is that the composition and military strategy of this period consisted of heterogeneous parts: this strategy, as long as powerful rulers were in power, led to the order and security of the country, and with the beginning of the weakness of the rulers, a wave of insecurity began. Learned. In the present article, an attempt is made to explain the role of the IRGC in the process of social order and security during the rule of Al-Buwayh by a descriptive-analytical method with a historical approach and relying on library studies.Keywords: Al-Buwayh, Social Order and Security, Buoy Corps, Military Strategy, War Techniques Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
675 - Samanids political behavior with iranian pro - iranian movement
Ahmad abasinia Hassan Shadpoor mohammad nabi salimAbstract : One of the Iranian dynasties that dominated the east of the Islamic Caliphate was the Al-Saman, who ruled over the Transnistrian region from the first half of the third century AH and gradually promoted Iranian culture and national traditions by retaining pol MoreAbstract : One of the Iranian dynasties that dominated the east of the Islamic Caliphate was the Al-Saman, who ruled over the Transnistrian region from the first half of the third century AH and gradually promoted Iranian culture and national traditions by retaining political citizenship from Bani Abbas. They made an effort. The behavior of this dynasty against the Iranian independence movements has caused doubts in the attitude towards Samanid Iranianism.Relying on a descriptive-analytical method, this study aims to answer the question of what was the nature of the Samanids' political behavior with the Iranian independence-seeking movements? The findings of the study indicate that Al-Saman had a behavior contrary to the discourse of the Iranian independence movements and despite the tendency to Persian culture and civilization, pursued their own interests by following the Islamic caliphate and therefore, They were hostile to the Iranian independence movements.Keywords: Samanids, Abbasids, Independence movements, 3rd and 4th centuries AH. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
676 - An analysis of the performance of Shiite scholars in the protection of religion in the era of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar
mohammadreza bagherizadehgan naser bageribidehendi ali aghanooriAbstractThe word Shiism is the only word that throughout history has been associated with missionaries, scholars and authorities who have caused the rise and spread of this religion with dynamism and insight in every age.Shiite scholars are the flag bearers of religion MoreAbstractThe word Shiism is the only word that throughout history has been associated with missionaries, scholars and authorities who have caused the rise and spread of this religion with dynamism and insight in every age.Shiite scholars are the flag bearers of religion and culture and have spared no effort to protect its sanctity. The social functions of the ulema have been very fruitful against the selfishness of the tyrant rulers, especially the Qajar sultans, as well as against the two colonial governments of Russia and Britain. They were able to maintain the religious, political, livelihood and economy of Iran to the best of their ability during the fifty-year rule of Nasser al-Din Shah (1264-1313 AH), which was the culmination of concessions to the colonial and looting states of Russia and Britain.Finally, the results of this research provide the audience with the position of scholars such as Ayatollah Kani, Mirza Shirazi, Miraz Mohammad Hassan Ashtiani, Haj Mirza Javad Agha Tabrizi, Agha Seyyed Ali Akbar Fal Asiri, etc., who were able to take a conscious action taken from the Qur'an, Sunnah , Wisdom and consensus to protect religion, acquaints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
677 - Investigation and measures of the consequences of modernization and creation of a new national identity in the first Pahlavi period
Hojjat Abbasi Torki Monireh Kazemi Rashed MohammadTaghi Emami KhoeiSince the second half of the nineteenth century, modernity and its various aspects, such as the modern state and national identity, have been the main issue discussed by Iranian elites. In this study, the modernity and ideological and historical origins of Iranian natio MoreSince the second half of the nineteenth century, modernity and its various aspects, such as the modern state and national identity, have been the main issue discussed by Iranian elites. In this study, the modernity and ideological and historical origins of Iranian nationalism in the post-constitutional period and the change of Qajar monarchy have been studied. Internal riots and crises and relentless foreign intervention in the country have led constitutionalist intellectuals seeking a new approach to breaking the deadlock to ensure the well-being of the masses without their participation in the political and social process. The fundamental thinking that emerged during this period was in fact a reflection of the chaotic situation of the time, which on the one hand sought to form a powerful central government that could end the turmoil, and on the other hand the prevalence of nationalism that could end long-standing attachments. Eliminate religious, sectarian, ethnic and local and replace it with national identity. The main issue in this research is the study of influential intellectual circles and prominent figures of these schools of thought, which sought to create national unity among the ethnic groups living in Iran through nation-building. Examination of the data shows that the creation of a homogeneous society and one language endangers the basis of national unity, and on the other hand, the recognition of different ethnic groups, unites all political and ethnic groups and leads to political and social development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
678 - The role of Armenians in the peasant movement in Gilan during the Qajar period With an emphasis on constitutionalist ideas
Reza Refahi Taleghani Javad HERAVI Gholamhossein ZargarinejadAbstractDuring the constitutional era, several peasant movements took place in some parts of the country. The land of Gilan was one of the areas where the peasants were seriously involved in the peasant movement against the lords, almost throughout the region. During th MoreAbstractDuring the constitutional era, several peasant movements took place in some parts of the country. The land of Gilan was one of the areas where the peasants were seriously involved in the peasant movement against the lords, almost throughout the region. During the movement, the peasants took various measures to fight against the lords and benefited from the support of groups and political parties such as the civil society, the Abbasi Association and the Social Democrats of Gilan. How is the idea of constitutionalism evaluated? The hypothesis of the present study is: It seems that Armenians have played an effective role in the peasant movement of Gilan during the Qajar era by emphasizing constitutionalist ideas. The method of research in this article will be historical (inductive) and the method of collecting documentary and library information is In this way, the content will be described and analyzed. The main findings of the above study indicate that: Peasants during various stages of the movement, such as non-payment of property, quarrels and conflicts with landlords and their eviction from villages, and the formation of rural associations in this regard, the two parties Hu Nchak and Dashnak Armenians in the war The cities of Tabriz and Rasht actively and significantly influenced the Iranian constitution in two main ways: military and intellectual-cultural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
679 - Cultural consequences of World War II in Hamedan (1941-1946)
Majid forotan kaivan shafei Mohammad Ghorban Kiani Anvar khalandiAbstract:The Allied occupation of Hamedan in World War II had several social, economic, and cultural consequences. The cultural-educational activities of the region underwent temporary and fleeting changes during this period, and the effects of the war caused conditions MoreAbstract:The Allied occupation of Hamedan in World War II had several social, economic, and cultural consequences. The cultural-educational activities of the region underwent temporary and fleeting changes during this period, and the effects of the war caused conditions such as the fragmentation of cultural activists' programs, the stagnation of press activity, the stagnation in the performance of literary associations, and the decline of activity. Cinema and theater, the suspension of formal education in schools and the closure of some of them in Hamedan. The subject of this research is the study of the cultural consequences of World War II in Hamedan. The present study has a descriptive-analytical method and approach and the information has been collected in a library-documentary manner based on existing reports. This research seeks to answer the question of what were the consequences and effects of the outbreak of World War II and the occupation of Hamedan on the cultural situation in the region and what were the causes of these consequences? The findings of this study show; Most of the cultural-educational consequences were unstable and limited to the occupation of Hamedan, which was gradually revived with the evacuation of the city by the Allies. These negative consequences in the field of culture and education were among the short-term consequences of the war. During the war, the first priority of the people was to meet economic needs, and cultural and educational needs were not considered a priority of the people at that time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
680 - Interaction and confrontation with Sunnis and Shiites in the era of Aurangzeb
mohammad mehraien amirteymour rafiei mohammad nabi salimAssessing the religious policy of Muslim states in history is one of the most controversial points that some scholars have taken a critical look at. The Gurkhanid rule in India is one of the states that has attracted the attention of scholars and they have spoken about MoreAssessing the religious policy of Muslim states in history is one of the most controversial points that some scholars have taken a critical look at. The Gurkhanid rule in India is one of the states that has attracted the attention of scholars and they have spoken about it in particular, considering the two different types of religious tolerance or religious confrontation during the reigns of Akber & Aurangzeb. Meanwhile, the transformation of religious politics over a period of one hundred years and its impact on the ruling process of the imperial dynasty is important because it is considered a criterion for the decline of the Gurkhans of India. Relying on a descriptive-analytical method and based on theoretical and library studies, this study examines the practice of the Aurangzeb government with the two main sections of the Indian Muslim community, namely Sunnis and Shiites. Although critics argue that Aurangzeb abandoned the multifaceted religious heritage of his predecessors, inciting the majority of Indian society against the Islamic system and destroying his dynasty by imposing taxes on non-Muslims and destroying Indian temples, it should not be forgotten. The shift in the balance in favor of the Muslims, through interaction with the Sunnis and confrontation with the Shiites, all ended to the detriment of India's Muslim minority. It made alliance between Shiites and Sunnis in India impossible and involved the majority of Indo-religions with Muslims. He incited Hindus and Sikhs against the Gurkhani government and rendered Shiites and Sunnis incapable of Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
681 - Epochal sample of Norway's model and executive plan on function of oil sector in oil producing countries(1972-2020)
Jamal Mohammadiyan Malek Zolghadr Asghar PartoviNorway has implemented resources using three separate government bodies: the government to administer policy, a regulatory body to establish oversight, and technical and industrial expertise. Norway's success in hydrocarbon management prompted the development of institu MoreNorway has implemented resources using three separate government bodies: the government to administer policy, a regulatory body to establish oversight, and technical and industrial expertise. Norway's success in hydrocarbon management prompted the development of institutions to consider whether Norway's example of separate government practices should be recommended for other oil-producing countries. Examining the country that has widely used different methods in this area, we concluded that the separation is not a prerequisite for the development of oil fields. Countries that have implemented segregation of functions are characterized by strong political competition and greater institutional capacity. Leaders who are not challenged, are capable of delivering political and commercial regulatory action using the same institution. Until such capacity is developed, countries with active political competition but limited institutional capacity have greater challenges in improving the oil sector. Domain control that is not possible but segregation of functions is often difficult to implement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
682 - Economic consequences of World War II in Hamedan (1941- 1946)
majid forotan kaivan shafei Mohammad Ghorban Kiani Anvar KhalandiAbstract:The Allied occupation of Iran in World War II had several political, economic, social, and cultural consequences for Iran. One of these effects was the economic consequences that led to conditions such as famine and food shortages, inflation and recession, high MoreAbstract:The Allied occupation of Iran in World War II had several political, economic, social, and cultural consequences for Iran. One of these effects was the economic consequences that led to conditions such as famine and food shortages, inflation and recession, high prices, declining trade, and the closure of production centers. The subject of this research is the study of the economic consequences of World War II in Hamedan. In conducting this research, descriptive-analytical method has been used and information has been collected in a library-documentary manner based on existing reports. This research seeks to answer the question of what were the economic consequences and effects of World War II and the occupation of Hamedan on this region? The findings of the present study show; Numerous factors have played a role in the economic problems of the region during the war and most of these consequences have been short-term and unstable and limited to the occupation of Hamedan. Due to the unfavorable economic situation of Hamedan during the years 1325-1320 was considered as an objective and tangible consequences of the war, solving these problems has been a priority for the people of the region. The outbreak of World War II in the economic field not only had many negative and destructive consequences for the region, but also had positive results such as the construction and improvement of communication routes, the establishment of repair centers, especially military vehicles, and master training. Keywords: Hamedan, World War II, Allies, Economic Consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
683 - Historical monuments of Kashan during the Safavid period from the point of view of tourists
rahmatollah zargary keivan loloee asghar mahmodabadiKashan is one of the cities of Isfahan province and after Isfahan city, it is the largest city in this province. Kashan city also has many historical and cultural monuments due to its old age. Kashan, which is seven thousand years old, is the birthplace of one of the ol MoreKashan is one of the cities of Isfahan province and after Isfahan city, it is the largest city in this province. Kashan city also has many historical and cultural monuments due to its old age. Kashan, which is seven thousand years old, is the birthplace of one of the oldest human civilizations called Silk. The people of this civilization were the first to settle together. Kashan was introduced as a communication and commercial city because it is located in the center of Iran, and in all periods of history, this city has seen many ups and downs. But the turning point for this city can be called the Safavid period. During this period, Kashan was considered the residence of the Safavid kings, and because this city was located on the way to the capital of Iran, Isfahan, many tourists visited this city.Keywords: Safavid, tourists, mosques, Bagh FinKeywords: Safavid, tourists, mosques, Bagh FinKeywords: Safavid, tourists, mosques, Bagh Fin Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
684 - Il Kalhor's approach to the Constitutional Revolution and the Uprising of Salar al-Dawlah
iraj nikjoAylKlhr's approach to the Constitutional Revolution and the Uprising of Salar al-DawlahKalhor tribe was one of the tribes of the Great West and played a key role in Iran's history coincided with the era. Constitutional Revolution and tyranny Minor issues that affect Ka MoreAylKlhr's approach to the Constitutional Revolution and the Uprising of Salar al-DawlahKalhor tribe was one of the tribes of the Great West and played a key role in Iran's history coincided with the era. Constitutional Revolution and tyranny Minor issues that affect Kalhor build the political process. Doleh in order to achieve power, and some tribes revolted against the constitution along with Tehran and went on to capture the outcome of one of the tribes that had accompanied Kalhor tribe. Therefore, this study sought to analyze the policies of the constitution and rebellion Kalhor is Doleh. The results showed Kalhor rebellion was initially a supporter of the constitutional revolution, but to revolt Doleh has a dual policy, so that the first and the tribe rebelled against the Skinheads Doleh failure, but later allies rebelled and in seeking to suppress the constitutional raised. This study historical research and descriptive-analytic. Since such research to analyze the various dimensions of the components of ethnicity, identity, ... concerning each of them with MyPrdazd rule, finally can be objective framework in the field of people, communities and sectors by tribal and community ShyrhAy with the rule nodes. Kalhor with dual policy toward al-dominated insurgency had caused the collapse of the tribe in the West country, and with the establishment of Reza Shah's role in the politics of the tribe disappeared.Keywords: the Constitutional, Salar-o-doleh, uprising, Kalhor, Davoodkhan Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
685 - Finding cities located on the Khorasan highway in Kermanshah (Sassanid axis of Qasr Shirin-Kermanshah)
saba gholami reza mehrafarin rasool mousavi hajiHistorical geography is a scientific method for studying ancient sites, locating cities and sites. Historical geography examines geographical factors throughout history. Western Iran has historically been important due to its strategic location and proximity to Iraq and MoreHistorical geography is a scientific method for studying ancient sites, locating cities and sites. Historical geography examines geographical factors throughout history. Western Iran has historically been important due to its strategic location and proximity to Iraq and its short distance from Ctesiphon. The Qasr Shirin-Kermanshah road has historical and commercial value. Connects. Kermanshah is the second province with the most artifacts from the Sassanid period. The trade route of Khorasan passes through Qasr Shirin and Kermanshah passes through Iran. Today, part of it corresponds to the road that goes from Iraq to Kermanshah. It is known as Qasr Shirin-Kermanshah Sassanid axis. The distance between Qasr Shirin and Kermanshah is the cities of Sarpol-e Zahab, Korand, Islamabad-e-Gharb and Mahidasht. Has. This ancient route is still used and important. During the Parthian and Sassanid eras, due to the role of commercial intermediation, this route was used. In the Islamic era, this region was part of the Jabal province. The importance of trade in this direction has created important and dynamic cities. This road has always been of interest to tourists and geographers. In this article, the historical geography of the region during the Parthian, Sassanid and Islamic eras has been studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
686 - The role of the Ulema in religious reform between the 7th and 9th AHs, with emphasis on Ibn Taymiyya and Fazlullah Astarabadi, "Compared to the religious reform movement in the West"
Milad Parniyani Monireh Kazemi Vali Dinparast Manijeh SadriThe occurrence of special events between the 7th and the 9th century AH, by somescholars, is evidence of the development of a dissident and arrogant thinking, which insome cases can be adapted to the events of European history during the period ofreligious reformation. MoreThe occurrence of special events between the 7th and the 9th century AH, by somescholars, is evidence of the development of a dissident and arrogant thinking, which insome cases can be adapted to the events of European history during the period ofreligious reformation. The research goes on to ask: "What are the features of thedistinction and similarity of this socio-cultural phenomenon (especially during theIlkhani and Timurid periods) with its western model, and which causes of failure?"Research findings suggest that prejudice, lawlessness, sedition, and short-term thinkingin Iran have had a meaningful relationship with the inferiority of religious reform in thatland, and despite the efforts of some influential scholars such as Ibn Taymiyyah and FazlAllah Naimi has not come to an end. The research method in this study will be based ona deductive and adaptive analysis with a holistic view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
687 - Pathology of Present Situation of India's Shiites
Hamidreza Fathnejat Ali AlmasiTenth to thirteenth Hijrid centuries were brilliant ones for Shiite Indian society, becauseof gaining a part of dynasty of this land, training great scholars, and finally partial freedomof Shiites groups in stating their ideas. Gradually from thirteenth c. forward, thos MoreTenth to thirteenth Hijrid centuries were brilliant ones for Shiite Indian society, becauseof gaining a part of dynasty of this land, training great scholars, and finally partial freedomof Shiites groups in stating their ideas. Gradually from thirteenth c. forward, those goldentimes decayed. What is continued during these two last centuries are effects such asEnglish intriguing against Muslims after occupying India, Indian sonnies' pressures onShiites as an innovation in the religion, separating Pakistan from India, and finally Indianmovements wanting independency against English are the main impacting reasons on theShiites situation in this land, that is the reason of decaying Shiite society in India. Thispaper decides to survey pressing harms on Shiites especially political, economic,scientific, and cultural …, according to these reasons with a descriptive- analyticalmethod. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
688 - Insight and Method Historiography of Hamzeh Esfahani In the Sanni al-Muluk and al-arz al-Anbia
Zekrollah Mohammadi Pourya EsmaeiliThis article examines the historiography style of Hamzeh Esfahani, the historian of thefourth century AH. His book is Sanni al-Muluk and al-arz al-Anbia, which was writtento Arabic in 350 AH. There are ten episodes that have been dedicated in several chapterto the histo MoreThis article examines the historiography style of Hamzeh Esfahani, the historian of thefourth century AH. His book is Sanni al-Muluk and al-arz al-Anbia, which was writtento Arabic in 350 AH. There are ten episodes that have been dedicated in several chapterto the history of the kings of Iran, Rome, Greece, the Copts, the Israelites, the Qassani,and Quraysh. The author was heavily patriotic and influenced by Shubia movement,which is very clear in the content of the book. This question arises, what was the basis ofthe insight and method of historiography of Hamzeh Esfahani? The hypothesis is asfollows, his vision is universal and is based on divine appreciation, because it deals withthe history of the various tribes according to divine providence and his methodology isbased on the historiography of the dynasties, which is based on the tradition of Iranianhistoriography. This article with use the method of historical research is based on thedescription and analize, examines the dimensions and angles of the subject gives. Themain findings of the research show, which Hamzeh Esfahani, influenced by SassanidPahlavi texts such as, Xvatai-Namag, as well as with awareness of governments, tribesand various religions, named as the book History of the Prophets and the Kings, So thisway Link and matched between the two and with a clever to draw the attention of thepeople to his book, which is interesting in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
689 - Economical evolutions of AqQoyunlu era(857-908 Iunar)
Reza Taherkhani Mohammed SepehriEconomical evolution is too important in the era of AqQoyunludespite of the importance of the cultural and political evolutions of Iran insecond half of century 9. Economical policies had been based on landedproperty and breeding system ozoun Hasan, the founder of this MoreEconomical evolution is too important in the era of AqQoyunludespite of the importance of the cultural and political evolutions of Iran insecond half of century 9. Economical policies had been based on landedproperty and breeding system ozoun Hasan, the founder of this dynasty,has been provided a legislation which was great. Most parts of thelegislation was about the rate and kinds of Taxes which farmers and paulterers must obey and pay it to the government. He made equalities allarounnd the country about land taxes. He wrote a legislation aboutdetermining of people complaint , punishment , and fine. Then sent it to allaround the country for obeying. He wanted them to obey, revise, andreform it dueto decreasing of the taxes pressure on people. Some of theother kings decided to follow him and made equalities among theirgovernment to prevent of taxes increasing and removing non slamic taxesand its anarchy. Especially king Yaaghoub tried his best about suyurgal,But Roustam Beig destroyed it and increased suyurgal trans fering andallotting.He increased them as much as he could, Nobody did it before. KingAhmed did reformation about illegal taxes and decreased the effect ofpeople who owend lots of lands by following of ottoman Empire.Therefore the most important question of the present research is that: whatare economical evolutions of AqQoyunlu era? It seems that the present study been determined about AqQoyunlu’s economical evolutions andreformations.It is used of explanatory – analytical Method beased on libraryreferences in this researeh. Manuscript profile -
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690 - Study and comparison of ministry position under Abbasid and Ilkhanid caliphates with leaning of Barmakids and Joveini dynasty
Nahid Mohammadioun Shabestari Masoumeh GhareDaghi Zekrollah mohammadi Manizheh sadriDuring both periods when Iran was attacked by Muslim Arabs and the Mongols,bureaucrats came to cooperate with the conquerors. Included in these were theBarmakids and the Joveini dynasties who could reach ministry under Abbasidand Ilkhanid caliphates. Bureaucracy used to MoreDuring both periods when Iran was attacked by Muslim Arabs and the Mongols,bureaucrats came to cooperate with the conquerors. Included in these were theBarmakids and the Joveini dynasties who could reach ministry under Abbasidand Ilkhanid caliphates. Bureaucracy used to be the trend in these two dynastiesand they were bureaucrats in previous in previous governments. These twodynasties could influence the Abbasid and Ilkhanid caliphates and steer themtowards Iranian culture and they could take steps to revive and restructureIranian culture. During their ministries, the Barmakids and the Joveini dynastiesconducted many development services including building mosques, schools andmansions. Also, they could reach a highly significant position in science andliterature. Not only did they write books by themselves but also many writersand scientists wrote their books under their names. Similarly, they patronizedmany poets and scientists. Although the Barmakids and Joveini dynastiesprovided many services, their power and influence produced rivals who set thestage for their fall. Barmakids and Joveini dynasties represent a specialbureaucrat group in Iranian society who left their name permanently in historyand time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
691 - The effect of monetary policy on production and inflation in the context of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market
Heidar Zobeidi Karim Emami Farhad Ghaffari The main purpose of this paper is to explain the effect of monetary policy shock on output and inflation variables in the context of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market using the new Keynesian stochastic dynamic equilibrium mode More The main purpose of this paper is to explain the effect of monetary policy shock on output and inflation variables in the context of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market using the new Keynesian stochastic dynamic equilibrium model during the period 2008-2009. The results of solving the model showed that the existence of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market as a destructive phenomenon leads to economic inefficiencies such as reduced wages for men and women, consumption, production and welfare. The results also showed that in the context of gender discrimination, the transmission of the expansionary monetary policy shock to the variables of production and inflation is weaker than the conditions of non-discrimination. Based on the results, awareness of the hidden economic and social angles of this phenomenon and sensitization to planning for maximum elimination through the enactment of laws and the creation of special women's unions and responsible control and monitoring of institutions involved in the real situation of women workers in the Iranian labor market is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
692 - Efficiency of 4 stage supply chain in presence of non discretionary , undesirable and negative factors Using SBM model in DEA
mehdi shoga farhad hoseinzadeh lotfi امیر غلام ابری Alireza Rashidi KomijanThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a four-stage supply chain in the presence of uncontrollable, undesirable and negative data in the cement industry. For this purpose, the Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model in network data envelopment analysis is p MoreThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a four-stage supply chain in the presence of uncontrollable, undesirable and negative data in the cement industry. For this purpose, the Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model in network data envelopment analysis is presented to evaluate the performance of such chains. Then, 42 cement companies present in the stock exchange and securities, the corresponding chain of each of which has four stages of supplier, producer, distributor and customer, were evaluated during the period 1394-1394. Based on the implementation of the model, 5 companies have been efficient for three consecutive years and the efficiency score of the rest of them has been less than 1 in all years or some years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
693 - Explaining the Nonlinear Effects of Government Fiscal Policy Instruments on Iran's Economic Growth in Times of Recession and Recession
shadi zandavar fatemeh zandi mohammad khezri mahnaz rabieiهدف این مقاله بررسی اثرگذاری سیاست مالی دولت بر رشد اقتصادی ایران طی دوره زمانی 1384:1-1397:1 با تواتر فصلی با استفاده از مدل مارکوف سوییچینگ است. نتایج حاصل از نسبت راست نمایی نشان داد سیاست مالی در ایران از نظام چرخشی مارکف تبعیت میکند. نتایج برای برخی از انواع مالی Moreهدف این مقاله بررسی اثرگذاری سیاست مالی دولت بر رشد اقتصادی ایران طی دوره زمانی 1384:1-1397:1 با تواتر فصلی با استفاده از مدل مارکوف سوییچینگ است. نتایج حاصل از نسبت راست نمایی نشان داد سیاست مالی در ایران از نظام چرخشی مارکف تبعیت میکند. نتایج برای برخی از انواع مالیاتها حاکی از متفاوت بودن تاثیرگذاری در حالت وجود نفت بوده است. در واقع خود نشان از اهمیت بررسی تاثیر مالیاتها به تفکیک بر رشد اقتصادی می-باشد. چنانچه دولت قصد اجرای سیاست مالی انبساطی از نوع افزایش مخارج را داشته باشد، بهتر است در رژیم رکودی این عمل صورت پذیرد زیرا تاثیر معناداری در این شرایط بر رشد اقتصادی ندارد. اما چنانچه سیاست مالی انبساطی از نوع کاهش مالیاتها مدنظر باشد بایستی بسته به نوع مالیات، بسته به سطح درآمدهای نفتی و همچنین رژیم حاکم بر رشد اقتصادی این مهم صورت پذیرد.طبقهبندی .G10, E62, C13:JEL واژگان کلیدی: اثرات غیرخطی، ابزارهای سیاست مالی، رشد اقتصادی ایران. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
694 - Evaluation of the Effect of Macroeconomic Variables and Islamic Financing on the Efficiency of Private and Public Banks in Iran
morteza jalalzadeh azar roya aleemran Hossein Panahi Hossein AsgharpurThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables and Islamic financing (Sukuk) on the returns of private and public banks in Iran (15 banks in total) using the panel data method during the period 1384-1396. The results of model estimat MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables and Islamic financing (Sukuk) on the returns of private and public banks in Iran (15 banks in total) using the panel data method during the period 1384-1396. The results of model estimation showed that sukuk, inflation, ratio of equity to total assets (as a variable of the bank) have a positive and significant effect on banks' returns. This means that the issuance of sukuk increases the efficiency and profitability of banks. The findings showed that government ownership has a negative impact on banks' returns; So that with increasing government share of banks, profitability and, consequently, the efficiency of banks decreases; The ratio of total expenditures to total assets also has a negative and significant effect on banks' returns and the size of the bank also has a negative and significant effect on bank returns. Whereas state ownership negatively affects the efficiency of banks; Please reduce the government's share of the bank's ownership. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
695 - Impact of Economic-Social Development on Air Quality in the Middle East Countries
masoumeh motallebi Reza Najarzade Lotfali AgheliThis research mainly aims to investigate the effect of economic-social development on air quality in Middle East countries. For this purpose, the effects of Socio-economic Development indicators and natural resource utilization indicators are examined as one of the main MoreThis research mainly aims to investigate the effect of economic-social development on air quality in Middle East countries. For this purpose, the effects of Socio-economic Development indicators and natural resource utilization indicators are examined as one of the main drivers of growth and development in the Middle East on Sulfur dioxide emission as an indicator for air quality. Since air pollution is a stable occurrence over time, the time-varying coefficient panel data model during the time period 2000-2019 is used to examine the impact of variables on Sulfur dioxide emissions. The results show that human capital, per capita income, and innovation have the greatest impact on the increase in Sulfur dioxide emissions, but resource usage indicators, especially the consumption of fossil fuels, lead to a decrease in Sulfur dioxide emissions. In fact, given the low use of renewable energy in the Middle East, energy consumption is mainly based on carbon sources. Thus, it is necessary to use environmental technologies and innovations instead of technology-based activities to control this issue in order to achieve sustainable economic growth and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
696 - The Analysis of Pricing Behavior of Firms in the Iranian Economy, Applying Wavelet Transforms Method
Pooya MohammadMehdi Reza Najarzade Hassan HeydariThis paper investigates the adaptability of (TDP) models for pricing patterns in Iranian economy. For this purpose, price sub-indexes monthly time-series in the period of 2014(4) to 2017(11) are used. Moreover, appropriate wavelet transformation method is applied to ext MoreThis paper investigates the adaptability of (TDP) models for pricing patterns in Iranian economy. For this purpose, price sub-indexes monthly time-series in the period of 2014(4) to 2017(11) are used. Moreover, appropriate wavelet transformation method is applied to extract pricing patterns from the time-series. Based on our findings, firstly heterogeneity is observed between pricing patterns of distinct groups of goods and services significantly which is inconsistent with (TDP) models assumption about the random distribution of price changing signals. Secondly, the pricing patterns changes over time which does not match with the assumption of uniform distribution of random signal during the time. As a result, the (TDP) models are not able to explain the pricing behavior patterns of the Iranian economy and the alternative approaches such as state-dependent pricing or rationally inattentive methods can be applied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
697 - The Impact of Human Capital and Business Environment on the Economic Growth of Iran's Provinces
fazel qorbani ahmad sarlak Golamali HajiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of human capital and business environment on the economic growth of thirty provinces of Iran by Generalized Method of Moments using panel data during 2010-2016. The results showed that human capital and business env MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of human capital and business environment on the economic growth of thirty provinces of Iran by Generalized Method of Moments using panel data during 2010-2016. The results showed that human capital and business environment had a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of the provinces of the country, but human capital had more effect on the economic growth of the provinces than other variables. Based on the results, it is suggested that economic planners and policymakers strengthen the quality level of human capital and business competition environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
698 - Return and Volatility of International Oil Price and Stock Index in OPEC Member Countries
esmaiel abounoori hamed ziyaoddinThis study intended to examine the correlation between the stock market return and the oil price return within a multivariate GARCH model. To this end, the correlation of these two variables with the spillover rate, conditional mean, oil price fluctuations, and the stoc MoreThis study intended to examine the correlation between the stock market return and the oil price return within a multivariate GARCH model. To this end, the correlation of these two variables with the spillover rate, conditional mean, oil price fluctuations, and the stock market indexes of 10 OPEC members, i.e. Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Nigeria, Qatar, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Ecuador, were examined in the form of monthly times series for the 2014–2019 time span. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between the oil price volatility and the stock market return in OPEC member countries. In addition, there is a greater correlation between the oil price fluctuations and the stock return in countries where oil revenues make a bigger contribution to GDP. It was also concluded that the oil price volatility spreads to that of the stock returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
699 - The effects of crude oil prices in the world market on regional prices of gas, Vector Error Correction approach
Ali Aghili Moghaddam Ebrahim Abbassi Shahriar Nessabian Marjan DamankeshidehThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-term and short-term relationships between the behavior of gas and oil prices in regional markets and their impact on each other using the VECM correction method during the period 2000-2019. For this purpose, due to th MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-term and short-term relationships between the behavior of gas and oil prices in regional markets and their impact on each other using the VECM correction method during the period 2000-2019. For this purpose, due to the wide range of variables in each region, proxy technique has been used to analyze the markets of gas and oil regions. The findings show that among the regional prices of the gas and oil market in Asia and Europe (unlike the US market), due to the relationship of aggregation, the influence of oil market fluctuations is very high. Due to the importance of the role of financial markets in facilitating oil and gas transactions, it is suggested that the major supply of oil and gas through the energy exchange be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
700 - The Effect of OPEC Statements on Fluctuations in Crude Oil Prices
Fariba Shahbodaghlou Aliasghar Esmaeilnia gatabi azadeh mehrabian ROYA SEIFIPOUR The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of OPEC statements (whether increasing, decreasing or not changing supply) on oil price fluctuations in crude oil markets. For this purpose, conditional heterogeneity and variable control variance models have b More The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of OPEC statements (whether increasing, decreasing or not changing supply) on oil price fluctuations in crude oil markets. For this purpose, conditional heterogeneity and variable control variance models have been used to investigate the effect of statements on Brent and WTI crude oil price fluctuations during the period 1987-2019 based on the event analysis approach. The findings show that OPEC statements have a significant effect on the turmoil in the oil market, and the type of statements varies on crude oil market fluctuations, and this effect has diminished over time. Based on the results, members' solidarity in the field of planning and coordinated implementation of decisions for maximum impact on the crude oil market is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
701 - Identifying Factors Affecting Non-curent Debts of Banks Using Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine Algorithm
sajjad kordmanjiri iman dadashi zahra Khoshnood hamid reza gholamnia roshanThe main purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the creation and increase of non-current debts to make a more appropriate decision in granting facilities. For this purpose, to select effective variables, from the analysis algorithms of correlation MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the creation and increase of non-current debts to make a more appropriate decision in granting facilities. For this purpose, to select effective variables, from the analysis algorithms of correlation and Lasso components; And to classify the samples, neural networks and support machine were used. In this study, a sample of 660 legal customers of Sepah Bank for the years 2006-2017 was selected and focused on the characteristic variables extracted from the facility contracts of these customers along with financial, non-financial, auditing and economic variables. The results showed that the Lasso algorithm focused on financial, economic and auditing variables, performed better than the neighboring component analysis algorithm, and based on this algorithm, 10 key variables affecting non-current debts were identified. Due to the better performance of support vector machines with radial cores, its use in modeling non-current debts is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
702 - Identification of Contagion Path of currency Crises in Industries of Tehran Stock Exchange
Maryam Bazrayi Saleh Ghavidel Ghodratollah EmamverdiThis study aims to detect path of currency crisis in different listed industries, in order to manage risk of shareholders in stock market. For this purpose, joint Contagion Test, Joint Coskewness Contagion Test and the Ornstein – Uhlenbeck Process are used. The da MoreThis study aims to detect path of currency crisis in different listed industries, in order to manage risk of shareholders in stock market. For this purpose, joint Contagion Test, Joint Coskewness Contagion Test and the Ornstein – Uhlenbeck Process are used. The data used in this study include: stock return of the listed industries and daily exchange rate during 2008 to 2020. The results suggest that currency crises of 2011 and 2018 have transmitted to all export- oriented import- oriented and neutral industries (except mass construction). Moreover, the findings support the fact that starting point of crisis contagion in both currency crises is pharmaceutical industry that attracted currency crises due to its strong correlation with exchange market. The next point of contagion in the first currency crisis is investment industry, and in the second currency crisis, basic metals and oil products. It is suggested that when currency crisis occurred, investors increase weight of basic metals stocks and decrease share of pharmaceutical and computers in their portfolio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
703 - Classification the Economic Entropy Index in a Macroeconomic Model
Behrouz Sadeghi Amroabadi mohsen renaniThe aim of this paper is the classification the economic entropy index in a macroeconomic model. Therefore, the descriptive-analytical methodology and econophysics and systems theory were used. The results show that the economic entropy was divided in four sections, sho MoreThe aim of this paper is the classification the economic entropy index in a macroeconomic model. Therefore, the descriptive-analytical methodology and econophysics and systems theory were used. The results show that the economic entropy was divided in four sections, shock entropy, respiration entropy, sleep entropy, and entropy of waste. Increasing the economic entropy index due to the scarcity of environmental resources, predicts the likelihood of an economic catastrophe. This will not only bring about economic growth faces serious problems, but the environment poses a serious problem as a place of residence. According to the results, reducing the instabilities and external stresses to reduce shock entropy, developing the appropriate rules for firms to reduce respiratory entropy, policies based on the reduction of physical and social waste to reduce the entropy of waste and policies for the use of production spaces that are not currently in use to reduce sleep entropy recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
704 - Explaining the Financial Factors Affecting Turnaround from the insolvency of Companies Listed on the Tehran’s Stock Exchange
kazem harounkolai Seyedali Nabavi chashmi ghodratolah barzegar iman dadashiThe aim of this paper is explaining the financial factors affecting turnaround from the insolvency. For explaining financial affecting turnaround from insolvency 54 variables were selected from relevant studies. The information of 200 cases of distressed companies which MoreThe aim of this paper is explaining the financial factors affecting turnaround from the insolvency. For explaining financial affecting turnaround from insolvency 54 variables were selected from relevant studies. The information of 200 cases of distressed companies which were under recovery from distress was extracted between 2001 and 2017. Appropriate statistical methods for the process of refining variables have been performed through paired mean comparison tests as well as exploratory factor analysis using main components. Then, by filtering the variables using audit analysis and in the form of linear combinations, audit functions were formed. The results showed that the financial ratios of current liabilities to total assets, net profits to sales and sales to current assets have the most power to explain the companies’ turnaround. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
705 - Bankruptcy Prediction Modeling Using the Variables of Earnings Management
moslem ghatebi vali khodadadi alireza jorjorzadeh aHMAD KAAB OMEIRThe purpose of this research is to modeling and predicts bankruptcy using real and accrual earnings management variables. Based on this, using logistic regression, the accuracy of bankruptcy models before and after adding Earning management variables were estimated and MoreThe purpose of this research is to modeling and predicts bankruptcy using real and accrual earnings management variables. Based on this, using logistic regression, the accuracy of bankruptcy models before and after adding Earning management variables were estimated and compared. So, a sample consisting of 1287 years - company during the period 2006 to 2018 has been selected from the companies of Tehran Stock Exchange. The results showed that the predictability power of Altman, Springgate and Zimsky bankruptcy models has increased significantly after adding accrual earnings management variables compared to the initial models. The results also show that the parameters of real earning management weaken the predictability of Altman, Springgate and Zimsky models. Based on the results, accountants, managers, and economic planners are advised to pay special attention to the phenomenon of corporate Earning management in order to make their decisions better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
706 - Identifying the Determinants of Corruption: An Application of Instrumental Variable Bayesian Model Averaging
Safoora Kashefi Mohsen Mehrara Ghahraman AbdoliAbstractPrevious studies in the corruption literature have introduced numerous variables as the determinants of corruption. This articles aims to evaluate the robustness of potential determinants of corruption by addressing the model uncertainty and endogeneitry. The re MoreAbstractPrevious studies in the corruption literature have introduced numerous variables as the determinants of corruption. This articles aims to evaluate the robustness of potential determinants of corruption by addressing the model uncertainty and endogeneitry. The results derived from an instrumental variable Bayesian model averaging analysis indicate that based on the data of 123 countries, rule of law, with a posterior inclusion probability (PIP) of 1 and posterior mean of 0.662 has the most important role in keeping corruption under control among 36 explanatory variables. Government effectiveness, with a PIP of 0.964 and posterior mean of 0.358 is another significant variable in curbing corruption. Also, with a PIP of 0.965 and posterior mean of -0.194 the Asia dummy variable tells that corruption is a serious problem in the Asia region. Further, confining the analysis to 95 developing countries reveals that rule of law with a PIP of 0.999 and posterior mean of 0.684 is the most critical variable in the fight against corruption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
707 - Design a Model for Measuring the Dynamics Volatility Connectedness of Tehran Stock Exchange and Global Markets
Nasser Gholami Teymor Mohammadi abdolrasoul ghasemiThe aim of this article is to measure the dynamics connectedness of Tehran stock market with stock exchanges of selected countries from the Middle East and China, oil and gold markets, the dollar index and the euro-dollar and yuan-dollar. To this end, a variance decompo MoreThe aim of this article is to measure the dynamics connectedness of Tehran stock market with stock exchanges of selected countries from the Middle East and China, oil and gold markets, the dollar index and the euro-dollar and yuan-dollar. To this end, a variance decomposition approach has been used to measure connectedness of markets between January 2008 and the end of July 2019. The findings show that the variance of forecast errors in most of markets are due to the shocks of those markets themselves. The Qatari Stock Exchange has a significant impact on Saudi and UAE stock exchanges. As the time horizon increases, Brent's oil market will be more influential than other markets, and this market will be more affected by the stock exchanges of the Arab countries and the Shanghai Composite. According to the results, investing in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the yuan-dollar exchange rate due to insignificant dynamics connectedness with other markets is recommended to hedge risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
708 - The Impact of Bank Facilities in Different Areas of Economy on the Growth of the Added Values in Industry, Services, Agriculture, Building Construction and Housing
Mohsen Fatthi Aghababa Khosrow Azizi Mahmmod MahmmodzadeThis study is aimed of investigating the impact of the offered facilities of the banking system in fields of industry, services, agriculture, construction and housing on the added values of the aforementioned fields which was the steady state approach in the economic gr MoreThis study is aimed of investigating the impact of the offered facilities of the banking system in fields of industry, services, agriculture, construction and housing on the added values of the aforementioned fields which was the steady state approach in the economic growth models, to reach this, systematic generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) and time period information (data) from 1370 to 1396 have been used in Iran’s economic. The results of investigation from estimated equations indicate that non-duty and duty offered facilities has had a positive and significant effect on the added values in economic areas.Among these, the share of offered facilities to services, industry and mines, construction, housing and agriculture have had the greatest effect on the added values respectively. Prioritization of sectors based on economic return to scale and the amount of optimal allocation of bank credit can have favorable effects on the value added of various economic sectors in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
709 - The Test of Trade Balance Effect Symmetry and the Incidence of Effects of Monetary Policy on Output and Inflation
seyyedeh sajedeh pourmohammadi amir mansour tehranchian saeed rasekhi The economy of Iran, since 1385s In addition to significiant decrease in output has experienced the high and two-digit inflation rates. For this reason, review of determinantes of inflation rate and output has a remarkable necessity. The factors like More The economy of Iran, since 1385s In addition to significiant decrease in output has experienced the high and two-digit inflation rates. For this reason, review of determinantes of inflation rate and output has a remarkable necessity. The factors like population growth, Eccessive technological advancement, private investment and initial level of per capita income and money growth are the variables affecting on the growth. Also, the idea of “inflationary money” has the relative consensus among economists, but identifying of the factors that determine the intensity of the effectiveness of the monetary policy on inflation rate and output makes it possible for monetary policymakers to planning for controlling inflation and increasing the output. Trade Openness is one of the factors that has a determinative role in review of difference the effectiveness of money growth on inflation rate and output in different countries. The aim of the present study is the test of Trade balance effect symmetry and the Incidence of the effects of monetary policy on economic growth and inflation. For this purpose, years 2000-2014, related to 34 selected countries with high middle-income and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) have been used. The research showed that more trade openness leads to increase the impact of monetary policy on output and decease the impact of monetary policy on inflation.the more trade liberalization through omitting or decreasing of tarrifs and import quotas are the main suggestions of this study Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
710 - Modeling the Substitution Effects of Taxes on the Size of the Shadow Economy (An Empirical Application for the Iranian Economy)
Mahboobeh FarahatiThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of substituting different tax items for each other (or changes in tax mix) on the size of the shadow economy in Iran. To this end, a proposed model is estimated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) appr MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of substituting different tax items for each other (or changes in tax mix) on the size of the shadow economy in Iran. To this end, a proposed model is estimated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach for the period 1355-1394. The results show that the substitution of company tax for income tax or commodities tax as well as the substitution of wealth tax for income tax, commodities tax, company tax or import tax reduce the size of the shadow economy. In addition, the substitution of import tax for income tax, corporate tax, or commodities tax leads to a decrease in the size of the shadow economy, while the substitution of commodities tax for income tax has no significant effect on the activities of this sector. The results of this study provide a good basis for adjusting the tax mix to reduce or limit the shadow economy sector in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
711 - Threshold Effects of Government Size on Happiness Inequality in Iran
Ebrahim Zare mehrzad ebrahimi Abbas Aminifard Hashem ZareHappiness and happiness inequality are important issues that economists have been studying in recent years. However, studies addressing the inequality of happiness are limited, and more research is needed to shed light on its antecedents and mechanism. Th MoreHappiness and happiness inequality are important issues that economists have been studying in recent years. However, studies addressing the inequality of happiness are limited, and more research is needed to shed light on its antecedents and mechanism. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between government size and happiness inequality in the Iranian economy using a threshold regression model during the period of 1974-2016. The results of the estimation of research models show that the size of the government has a threshold effect on happiness inequality. In other words, before the threshold of 13 percent of the government-to-GDP ratio, the government size has a diminutive effect on the inequality of happiness, but after passing through the threshold and increasing the government's involvement in the economy, this variable has a significant positive effect on the happiness inequality. Thus, the expansion of the size of government in the Iranian economy has exacerbated the happiness gap between the low-income and high-income classes of society. Based on the research results, it is suggested that policymakers pay attention to the threshold relationship between government size and inequality of happiness of society when implementing their policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
712 - The Probability of Default on Payable Facilities of the First Micro Finance Bank in Herat Afghanistan
Mohammad Sadeq Mohammadi Mostafa KarimZadeh Mehdi BehnameThe aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the probability of banking facilities default by customers and to determine the main variables coefficient related to the probability of default. Finally, using logit regression, a model has been provided to MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the probability of banking facilities default by customers and to determine the main variables coefficient related to the probability of default. Finally, using logit regression, a model has been provided to increase the ability of the bank's managers to solve the problem of non-repayment of credit facilities on time. First, 7 variables that had a significant effect on customers' credit risk were identified and fitted to the significance level of 5% of the final model using LR statistics. The results showed that the variables of the borrower's monthly income, the borrower's relationship with the guarantor, the guarantor's guaranteed capital, the borrower's experience and job stability, the loan repayment period and the years of borrower's relationship with the bank, have adverse effect on credit risk and the variable loan amount has a direct effect on credit risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
713 - The Effects of Diversification of Industrial Exports on the Instability of Foreign Exchange Earnings in Iran's Industrial
hooman nasiri masoud nonezhad Ali Haghighat Mehrzad EbrahimiThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the export diversification in the top industrial sub-sectors and its impact on the volatility of foreign exchange earnings in Iran's industrial sector. Accordingly, quarterly data from 2002-2 to 2 MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the export diversification in the top industrial sub-sectors and its impact on the volatility of foreign exchange earnings in Iran's industrial sector. Accordingly, quarterly data from 2002-2 to 2018-3 were collected in the top three industrial sub-sectors of the country and the autoregression method with distributed intervals was used for estimation. The findings indicate the positive effects of inflation and global income on short-term and long-term foreign exchange earnings instability and the effect of concentration index of base metals sub-sector on industrial foreign exchange earnings instability was positive and in non-metallic mineral products and workshop textiles has been negative and significant. Therefore, moving towards diversification in the metals sub-sector and focusing on the non-metallic mineral and textile sub-sectors will reduce the volatility of industrial foreign exchange earnings. Based on the results, it is suggested that the government reduce the instability of industrial foreign exchange earnings by granting facilities, setting export and import customs tariffs in industrial sub-sectors, while directing production in terms of diversification or decentralization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
714 - Competitiveness of New Cities (Study Sample: Parand New City)
saeed sabooni mostafa behzadfar Hamidreza saremiCompetitiveness is one of the categories that today in scientific, economic, commercial and political circles has found its special place as an indicator for the evaluation of cities in various fields. Although there is not yet a global consensus on indicators and bench MoreCompetitiveness is one of the categories that today in scientific, economic, commercial and political circles has found its special place as an indicator for the evaluation of cities in various fields. Although there is not yet a global consensus on indicators and benchmarks, some international organizations offer competitive rankings of cities by introducing their indicators. Given that new cities have great potential to create competitiveness, so the study of factors affecting the competitiveness of the new city of Parand can be a step towards identifying these factors. This study aims to identify the most effective competitiveness factors of Parand city with a qualitative-quantitative method and using the Granded Theory approach in the qualitative section and with a causal-comparative method answers the question that what are the competitiveness factors of the city and to what extent are they effective in increasing the competitiveness of this city?. In the qualitative stage, 61 concepts were obtained in open coding, which was reduced to 19 main and pivotal concepts in axial coding. In a quantitative stage, a questionnaire was developed based on it. In analyzing the results, it was found that the most important legal and organizational governance is investment, the coefficient of determination of each of which is 1, followed by policy-making with a value of (0.967) and national political space with The value (0.846) is in the next ranks and the lowest of them is justice with the value (0.383). Other indicators had a coefficient of determination in the medium range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
715 - A Bargaining Game Model for Estimating Efficiency of the Multi-stage Network with Fixed Cost Allocation and its Applications
Kayvan Moradipour Sanaz Asadi Rahmati Elham Abdali In this paper, a bargaining game model is extended to evaluate the efficiency of decision making units with a multi-stage network structure. Moreover, each stage of network data envelopment analysis (DEAN) is considered as a game player. Accordingly, the allocated More In this paper, a bargaining game model is extended to evaluate the efficiency of decision making units with a multi-stage network structure. Moreover, each stage of network data envelopment analysis (DEAN) is considered as a game player. Accordingly, the allocated fixed cost is divided among all the stages such that the best allocation is made to the best stage. With a newer idea, the intermediate stage in the data envelopment analysis of three-stage networks is considered as a common player in the bargaining game, so that the stage plays a significant role in maximizing the performance of network. Next, an alternative approach to allocating a common fixed cost in a multi-stage network based on the bargaining game is proposed. Finally, as direct apllication of the performance of the proposed models some examples are given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
716 - The Role of Government under Pandemic Disease Conditions
Ali Keshavarzi Hamid Reza Horry seied abdolmajid jalaee sfand abadi Meysam Rafei mahdi nejatiThe purpose of this article is to understand the effect of the outbreak of infectious diseases on the economy and also to analysis the role of government under pandemic crisis conditions. For this purpose, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is used. After ca MoreThe purpose of this article is to understand the effect of the outbreak of infectious diseases on the economy and also to analysis the role of government under pandemic crisis conditions. For this purpose, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is used. After calibrating the parameters based on the quarterly information of Iran's economy during the period of 1991-2016, in the baseline scenario, it is assumed that the government has no involvement in the economy; In other words, the government pursues a state of fiscal passivity and shows no fiscal reaction to the change in endogenous variables after the outbreak of pandemic disease. Subsequently, in other scenarios, the government reacts fiscally to the outbreak of the pandemic, given the different conditions of production and public liability. The results of the study of fiscally active scenarios compared to the state of fiscal passivity indicate that the effect of government expenditures shock as a standard deviation on macroeconomic variables under pandemic disease conditions, has led to much less feedback. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
717 - Economic Modeling of Restricting the cryptocurrency market on ransomware attacks
Mehran Garmehi Sarah Rahimi DevinThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of policies restricting access to the cryptocurrency market on the process of countering ransomware attacks. To this purpose, by reflecting on the details of a ransomware attack, we model the economy of these atta MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of policies restricting access to the cryptocurrency market on the process of countering ransomware attacks. To this purpose, by reflecting on the details of a ransomware attack, we model the economy of these attacks and examine the impact of economic variables on the damage caused by them, and through the data obtained from a field study, it has been shown that the relationship between attackers' profits and the damage caused by the attack is non-linear and has local maximums and minimums, and any countermeasures in response to these attacks must be carefully considered in the consequences from an economic point of view.The results show that in a ransomware attack, an attacker may achieve almost the same profit by setting several different amounts of ransom and inflicting several different amounts of total damage. Thus, it is demonstrated that it is important not to adopt policies that may lead the attacker to demand the amounts of ransom that cause further damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
718 - The Effects of Money Market on Gold Market with a Systemic Dynamics Approach
fatemeh khani Ahmad Jafari Samimi amirmansor tehranchian mohammdali ehsaniAbstract The purpose of this paper is to apply the system dynamics approach to forecasting the price of gold in Iran, identify the factors affecting the price of gold and simulate the trend of the impact of monetary policy on the price of gold in the period 1405-2010. MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to apply the system dynamics approach to forecasting the price of gold in Iran, identify the factors affecting the price of gold and simulate the trend of the impact of monetary policy on the price of gold in the period 1405-2010. The simulation is performed with Wenzim software. In different scenarios, the present paper simulates the change in liquidity volume, consumer price index and bank interest rates on the gold market. The results show that the price of gold is not only affected by the global ounce price and the value of the dollar, but also the control of liquidity and curbing inflation will play a significant role in stabilizing the gold market. The results confirm that the volume of liquidity and the consumer price index have a direct impact and a significant role in increasing the price of gold. The findings also show that changes in bank interest rates have no effect on changes in gold prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
719 - Interactions of Transportation, Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Iran
mahsa kalantarzadeh fatemeh zandi Mohammad Khezri Bijan SafaviThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships between transportation (rail and air), economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Iran during the period 1362-1397 using time series data and the system of simultaneous equation approach. The findin MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships between transportation (rail and air), economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Iran during the period 1362-1397 using time series data and the system of simultaneous equation approach. The findings show a positive correlation between transportation (rail and air) and economic growth, as well as between transportation (rail and air) and carbon dioxide emissions. Another finding of this study is that economic growth has a significant effect on increasing carbon dioxide emissions, but increasing carbon dioxide emissions has no effect on economic growth. Based on the results, the creation and development of infrastructure related to the type of transportation in order to improve the country's economic growth is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
720 - The Effect of Fiscal Policy on Unemployment and Inflation in Provinces of Iran: A GVAR Approach
Nasrin Ebrahimi Mehdi Pedram Mir Hussein MousaviAbstract Since Iran is a regionally dispersed country, this motivates us to analyze whether or not a national fiscal policy has different effects on its provinces’ unemployment and inflation rates using a GVAR approach during 2005:q1-2016:q1 period. The results in MoreAbstract Since Iran is a regionally dispersed country, this motivates us to analyze whether or not a national fiscal policy has different effects on its provinces’ unemployment and inflation rates using a GVAR approach during 2005:q1-2016:q1 period. The results indicate that one positive standard error as national fiscal shock can significantly reduce unemployment in some provinces. These responses are similar in terms of timing but their amount is different. Also, this positive shock has a negative effect on inflation in some provinces. All responses are approximately similar in terms of timing. In Spite of this similarity, shock responses vary in terms of amount. According to the results in the framework of the models designed in this study, it is proposed that policymakers include the decentralization in the budget planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
721 - The Effect of Changes in the Productivity of Economic Sectors on the Consumption of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy, Thermal Energy, Economic Growth and Development
mohammad oveicy Masoud Homayounifar Sayed Mahdi Mostafavi Ali Akbar Naji MeidaniThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of productivity changes in economic sectors on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, heat energy, economic growth and development using estimation of production functions by Tong and Peng method (2018) in MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of productivity changes in economic sectors on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, heat energy, economic growth and development using estimation of production functions by Tong and Peng method (2018) in the framework of scenario making technique (including three scenarios). The results showed that the nine sectors of the total economy and their productivity in the period 1353 - 1393 is between 3.175 to 4.59 million Rials; Therefore, the starting point of productivity is the lower limit of productivity of the performance range of 3.175. Also, in the sectors of economy, industry and mining, electricity (power plants) and construction, even with a 30% increase in the lower limit, the productivity of the whole economy is not in the operating range (3.175). Based on the results, it is suggested that planners, managers and economic policy makers increase the productivity of the industry and mining, power plant and construction sectors by more than 30% by changing the technology in order to achieve the appropriate amount of economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
722 - Relationship between Public and Private Investment in Iran (Analyzing the Crowding-Out or Crowding-In Effects)
Esmaeel SafarzadehThe main objective of this paper is to analyze empirically the effects of public investment on private investment, evaluating the existence of crowding-out/-in effects, in Iran for the 1970-2019 periods. I evaluate the macroeconomic effects of public and private investm MoreThe main objective of this paper is to analyze empirically the effects of public investment on private investment, evaluating the existence of crowding-out/-in effects, in Iran for the 1970-2019 periods. I evaluate the macroeconomic effects of public and private investment through VECM analysis. From impulse response functions, we are able to assess the extent of crowding-in or crowding-out of both components of investment. I also compute the associated macroeconomic rates of return of public and private investment for Iran Economy. The results point to the existence of positive effects of public and private investment on output. On the other hand, results show the crowding-in effects of public investment on private investment. Based on these results, it is suggested that the government provide the conditions for private investment by creating infrastructure, helping to finance investment projects and creating a secure economic environment. I also compute the associated macroeconomic rates of return of public and private investment for Iran Economy. The results point to the existence of positive effects of public and private investment on output. On the other hand, results show the crowding-in effects of public investment on private investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
723 - Estimation of Urban and Rural Poverty and Inequality concerning Hormozgan Province compared with the Country as a Whole
Hosein Heidari esmael aboonoori Ahmad Jafari Samimi younes nademiIn this paper we have estimated the urban and rural poverty and inequality trends for the important Hormozgan province and for the country as a whole concerning the period 1984-2019. Doing so, we have used the micro income-expenditure survey data published annuall MoreIn this paper we have estimated the urban and rural poverty and inequality trends for the important Hormozgan province and for the country as a whole concerning the period 1984-2019. Doing so, we have used the micro income-expenditure survey data published annually by the Statistical Center of Iran and estimated the non-parametric Gini coefficient, poverty line and then poverty gaps. Then, in order to compare the urban and rural poverty as well as inequality levels regarding Hormozgan with that of the country as a whole, we have used 6 simple regression ANOVA models. The results indicate that the urban poverty and inequality levels have been significantly lower than that of in the rural areas. Poverty in Hormozgan urban and rural areas have been significantly more than urban and rural areas of the country as a whole, respectively. However, the Inequality in Hormozgan urban and rural areas have significantly less than those in the country as a whole, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
724 - Analysis of Driver-Police Interaction Using Game Theory
faramarz masoumzadeh Kiumars shahbaziIn this study, the strategic interaction between traffic police and the driver is analyzed using game theory in the form of a two-stage dynamic game with incomplete information that the type of players is determined by nature. In the first stage, the police decide wheth MoreIn this study, the strategic interaction between traffic police and the driver is analyzed using game theory in the form of a two-stage dynamic game with incomplete information that the type of players is determined by nature. In the first stage, the police decide whether to fine or not, and in the second stage, the driver decides whether to pay a bribe or not. The driver compares the amount of the fine and the cost of the bribe. It can be concluded that the more lawful the police, the lower the bribe payment. Punishment of bribe recipients and payers can also prevent bribery and help eradicate possible corruption in this important organ of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
725 - Modeling Extreme Dependence of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) to Crude Oil Price: An Approach based on Copula Functions
Hamid Abrishami Mohsen Mehara Mojtaba MohammadianThe objective of this study is to model the extreme dependence structure from the crude oil price to Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) index. For this purpose, the conditional extreme value theory (C-EVT) was used to model the marginal distribution of returns on stock and oil MoreThe objective of this study is to model the extreme dependence structure from the crude oil price to Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) index. For this purpose, the conditional extreme value theory (C-EVT) was used to model the marginal distribution of returns on stock and oil market during the period 2008 to 2021. Then, the dependence structure of the extreme return was estimated by Copula models. The results showed that the crude oil market has contagion effects on the TSE. These effects are asymmetric and there is more dependence on the left tail. In other words, as crude oil price falls, decline of the total index is expected and these effects are greater when a positive simultaneous change occurs between variables. Due to the financial risks of the existence of contagion, considering structural extreme dependence can calculate the portfolio risk accurately and reliably. Therefore, it is suggested to pay attention to the structure of extreme dependencies between assets in order to optimize the portfolio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
726 - Factors Causing Oil Price Shocks With Emphasis on the Behavior of Large Producers
Jalal Dehnavi Mir Hossein MousaviThe aim of the article is to present a new approach to the analysis of oil price shocks and, of course, a better explanation of oil wars. To achieve the goal, the structural vector autoregression model based on the Kilian (2009) model has been used with the aim of model MoreThe aim of the article is to present a new approach to the analysis of oil price shocks and, of course, a better explanation of oil wars. To achieve the goal, the structural vector autoregression model based on the Kilian (2009) model has been used with the aim of modeling oil market shocks during the period of 1985-2019. The results showed that the recent price war, due to the significant growth of the US oil supply (supply shock) and its simultaneous with the spread of the corona virus (demand shock), has caused a sharp decrease in the price of oil and shortened the price war period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
727 - An Empirical Test of the Financial Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Iran
Mahboobeh Farahati Leyla SalimiThe Kuznets curve hypothesis of a nonlinear relationship between economic growth and income inequality has been widely tested for different countries. However, the factors influencing such a relationship that determine the position of the Kuznets curve have been neglect MoreThe Kuznets curve hypothesis of a nonlinear relationship between economic growth and income inequality has been widely tested for different countries. However, the factors influencing such a relationship that determine the position of the Kuznets curve have been neglected. One of these factors is financial development, which according to the financial Kuznets curve hypothesis, is inversely associated to the level of economic growth at which income inequality peaks (ie, the turning point of the Kuznets curve). This study empirically tests the financial Kuznets curve hypothesis in the Iranian economy using data for the period 1361-1397. To this end, real GDP per capita and Gini coefficient have been used as indices of economic growth and income inequality, respectively. In addition, several indices of financial development have been aggregated into an overall (combined) index, using the principal component analysis method. The empirical results indicate that in the long-run, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and income inequality, thus confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis. In addition, the turning point of the Kuznets curve will be at lower level of economic growth when the level of financial development is higher. These findings provide evidence to support the long-run financial Kuznets hypothesis for Iran. Accordingly, it is suggested that economic planners and policymakers, in parallel with growth policies, improve the level of financial development, aimed at a more equitable distribution of income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
728 - Improving the Efficiency of Household Electricity Consumption and Its Return Effect in Iran In Terms Of Asymmetry in Electricity Prices
azar alidadi pour musa khoshkalam khosroshahiThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of the direct return effect related to electricity consumption in the domestic sector of Iran in terms of asymmetry in electricity prices using the conventional least squares method. For this purpose, and considering the MoreThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of the direct return effect related to electricity consumption in the domestic sector of Iran in terms of asymmetry in electricity prices using the conventional least squares method. For this purpose, and considering the separation of electricity prices based on the Dargi and Gitley (1995) study, annual data for the period 1397-1347 and estimating the elasticity of electricity demand have been used. The results showed that first, improving the efficiency of household electricity consumption has a return effect and second, the return effect in the household sector is equal to 43%; That is, with a 10% increase in home appliance technology, 4.3% of the expected reserve due to the improvement of electricity consumption efficiency did not occur and this amount appeared in the form of a return effect and only 5.7% of the expected reserve in electricity consumption was realized. Based on the findings, it is suggested that economic policymakers, by accurately estimating the return effect, while achieving the goal of saving electricity consumption, also avoid wasting resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
729 - Industrial endogenous development in Iran and selected countries
Mirabdollah Hosseini Lotfali AgheliThis paper attempts to conceptualize and examine regional endogenous development model for World’s regions and Iran. The work presented here contributes to the design of Manufacturing Industries endogenous development model (MIEDM) which is tested in the World by MoreThis paper attempts to conceptualize and examine regional endogenous development model for World’s regions and Iran. The work presented here contributes to the design of Manufacturing Industries endogenous development model (MIEDM) which is tested in the World by assessing the domestic forces and drivers of development based in World Selected Countries. The paper introduces a conceptual model for the study and then develops and tests the model with data for the primary Countries of the World. Large and positive correlation is found between measures of latent and explanatory independent and dependent variables in the regional endogenous model. Specifically it is found that such endogenous factors as Institution, human Capital, Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Innovation and Resource Endowment are critical driving force for achieving increased regional productivity and thus tailoring of polices to support regional endogenous development. Based on the results, it is suggested that planners and policy makers consider the capacity and ability of industries to adapt positively to the situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
730 - The Role of Boom and Recession in Energy Consumption of Sectors with Emphasis on Electricity and Non-Electricity
shahryar zaroki Akram Moghadasi SedehiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of boom and recession with energy prices on energy consumption (electricity, non-electricity and total) in Iran with an asymmetric method. For this purpose, for asymmetric analysis in the research model in three for MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of boom and recession with energy prices on energy consumption (electricity, non-electricity and total) in Iran with an asymmetric method. For this purpose, for asymmetric analysis in the research model in three formats (based on total energy consumption, non-electricity and electricity) and five levels (total economy and household, commercial, public and industrial sectors) of asymmetric explanations, an nonlinesr autoregressive distributed lag approach has been used. Long-term results indicate that economic boom in every 15 estimates has a direct impact on energy consumption and in terms of size, in most cases, the elasticity of energy consumption relative to economic boom is greater than one. However, the recession is associated with a significant (and of course direct) effect in only 4 out of 15 estimates, and its impact is less than the economic boom. In the first format, at the level of the whole economy and at the level of the commercial, public and industrial sectors, production has an asymmetric effect, and at the household level, production has a symmetrical effect on total energy consumption. In the second format, at the level of the whole economy and at the level of the household, commercial and public sectors, production has an asymmetric effect and at the industry level, production has a symmetrical effect on non-electricity energy consumption. In the third format, at all five levels, production has an asymmetric effect on electricity consumption. The real energy price, although in ... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
731 - An analysis of the automatic stabilization of direct and indirect taxes in Iran
mohammad taghi gilak hakim abadi Ali MehreganIn this paper the effect of direct and indirect taxes on the fluctuations of Iran's economic cycles has been studied. To estimate the models of this research, Vector Auto Regression method by quarterly data from q1-1372 to q3-1397. The results of this study are that, un MoreIn this paper the effect of direct and indirect taxes on the fluctuations of Iran's economic cycles has been studied. To estimate the models of this research, Vector Auto Regression method by quarterly data from q1-1372 to q3-1397. The results of this study are that, unlike empirical, direct taxes have not had a significant effect on reducing fluctuations in economic cycles. Also, the effect of indirect taxes on economic cycles is faster than direct taxes. Based on the results, it is suggested to use more of the country's tax capacity to better perform the government's stabilizing task in the economy, especially the reform of tax bases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
732 - The Analysis of Political Institutions’ Effect on the Economic Institutions in Resource-rich Countries
Reza Bakhshiani Masud Nili S. Mahdi BarakchianThe weak economic performance of resource-rich countries results in the economic studies’ great concentration on the role of institutions in resource curse literature and employment of theoretical or empirical approaches to determine the cause of this phenomenon. MoreThe weak economic performance of resource-rich countries results in the economic studies’ great concentration on the role of institutions in resource curse literature and employment of theoretical or empirical approaches to determine the cause of this phenomenon. In this paper, we argue that the two independent variables of political institutions and natural resources influence the economic institutions which are endogenous variables; by applying a descriptive-analytical approach and making distinction between function of “economic institutions” and “political institutions”. Political institutions form the political power structure to specify the elites’ scope of power in the establishment of favorable economic institutions, which aim at distributing the resources among the affiliated groups. We also use the empirical approach to show that natural resources do not have any significant effect on the quality of economic institutions by controlling the effect of political institutions. In contrast, the better quality of political institutions results in the better quality of economic institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
733 - Spillover Effects of Trade and Exchange Rates Shocks from Iran`s Major Trading Partners: GVAR approach
Aziz Saki Seyed Aziz Arman hasan farazmandThis article deals with how trade and exchange rates shocks of major trading partners affect the Iranian economy. For this purpose, quarterly data of 10 major Iranian trading countries, including Brazil, China, Germany, India, Italy, Korea, Turkey, Russia, UAE and Switz MoreThis article deals with how trade and exchange rates shocks of major trading partners affect the Iranian economy. For this purpose, quarterly data of 10 major Iranian trading countries, including Brazil, China, Germany, India, Italy, Korea, Turkey, Russia, UAE and Switzerland during the period 1996 to 2019 has been used. Econometric parameters has been estimated by Global Vector Autoregressive approach.The modeling results show that the increase in the real exchange rate in Brazil, in some cases, increases the real exchange rate in Iran. Rising real exchange rate in China first reduces and then increases the real exchange rate in Iran. In addition, Increasing China's trade increases the level of Iran's trade. According to the results, when Iran's imports from a country are higher, it is more affected by exchange rate shocks in that country, which can be seen in response to real exchange rate shocks in China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
734 - Role of Financial Development in Monetary Policy Effectiveness in determinate of Input and inflation
Seyedeh Maryam Monfared Teymoor Mohammadi mohammad khezri Oranoos ParivarThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of financial development on efficiency of monetary policy in Iran during 1979-2020. The ratio of banks' domestic credit to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on banking sector and rati MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of financial development on efficiency of monetary policy in Iran during 1979-2020. The ratio of banks' domestic credit to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on banking sector and ratio of the value of stock market transactions to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on the capital market. In this regard, 4 models were introduced to achieve research objectives and were estimated using the Kalman-Filter approach. The results of estimating the first two models of the research showed that with improvement of financial development indicators, the efficiency of monetary policy in influencing economic growth will decrease. The results of estimating the third and fourth models of the study also showed that effect of financial development indicators on efficiency of monetary policy in impact on inflation has been negative and statistically significant, meaning that with improvement of financial development indicators in country, monetary policies will lead to lower inflation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
735 - The effect of bank credit composition on income distribution in developing countries
Ali Nasiri Aghdam mitra babapour The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of different types of bank loans on income inequality in the economies of 24 selected developing countries using the econometric method of panel data during the period 2000-2019. The results showed that credit More The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of different types of bank loans on income inequality in the economies of 24 selected developing countries using the econometric method of panel data during the period 2000-2019. The results showed that credits to the non-financial sector as well as consumption reduce inequality and credits to the financial and housing sectors increase inequality. Lending to the non-financial sector has also been declining, and lending to the consumer, financial and mortgage sectors has been on the rise. The findings also showed that the employment rate and housing prices, respectively, affect the effect of loans granted to the non-financial and housing sectors on income inequality. It is recommended to allocate a significant portion of the credit to non-financial activates and to avoid lending for speculative housing activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
736 - The effect of oil shocks on economic resilience in Iran
najme alsadat robati Ali RaeispourRajabali Abdol Majid jalaeeIn the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the MoreIn the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the main model, while using the estimated parameters, the effects of oil shocks in recent years on selected macroeconomic variables have been evaluated. Determining the degree to which oil revenues affect economic indicators can, in addition to determining the degree of economic resilience, help policymakers determine future plans. The phenomenon of fluctuations in foreign exchange earnings from oil exports, due to the dependence of the structure of Iran's economy on oil revenues, affects all macroeconomic variables - both in the public and private sectors. Accordingly, it is proposed to reform the tax system and reduce dependence on oil revenues, diversify the government's revenue portfolio, commit to a balanced budget and prevent disproportionate growth of the monetary base, strengthen the role of the foreign exchange reserve fund and monetary discipline for the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
737 - The effects of information and communication technology on long-term productivity growth: Evidence from Iran's manufacturing industries
mahmoud rezaee seraji Mahmoud Mahmoudzadeh parvaneh salatin mehdi fathabadiThe purpose of this paper is to measure the average share of information and communication technology in long-term productivity growth and as well as the increasing intensity of ICT index in Iran's manufacturing industries at the level of double-digit codes (ISIC). For MoreThe purpose of this paper is to measure the average share of information and communication technology in long-term productivity growth and as well as the increasing intensity of ICT index in Iran's manufacturing industries at the level of double-digit codes (ISIC). For this purpose, the expanded growth accounting model in the period2005-2018was exploited. The research findings revealed that : The effects of ICT has a significant positive effect on the average long-term productivity growth in Iran's manufacturing industries. ICT's share of long-term productivity growth in The most intensive contribution of ICT has been recognized for coke and related products, electrical equipment and chemicals and related products. This effect has shown more than any other manufacturing industries in Iran and this amount has also improved over time. The lowest share of ICT in productivity growth in the long run is related to furniture, clothing and machinery and not classified equipments. The results also showed that the average value of increasing ICT intensity index is insignificant meaning the more and with increasing intensity of ICT use, the more intense effect on productivity growth increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
738 - Modeling and Designing Controller of Factors Affecting Profit in Strategic Financial Planning Using Adaptive Neural Control Method
zahra sadeghi mohammad areza motadel abbas toloieMaking more profit in organizations requires them to have accurate tools to strengthen the business for proper financial planning. So far, no comprehensive model for the financial planning of organizations with minimum deviation from predefined goals has been presented. MoreMaking more profit in organizations requires them to have accurate tools to strengthen the business for proper financial planning. So far, no comprehensive model for the financial planning of organizations with minimum deviation from predefined goals has been presented. The purpose of this study is to provide such a model to achieve more accurate management decisions. In this research, an intelligent adaptive control model has been developed using the Elman neural network adaptation algorithm in the system identification process. This model has been developed using data extracted from the official website of the Iranian Stock Exchange and Securities Organization. Some of the most important indicators of profit (as a measure of the company's financial performance) and also optimal profit amount as input and the allowable intervals of its changes to achieve the desired profit as output of the model have been determined and examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
739 - Information and communication technology and environmental quality (Evidence from the countries of the Economic Co-operation and Development Organization)
Maryam Taiiari mahmood mahmoodzadeh Mir Hossein MousaviThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of information and communication technology on the quality of the environment (publication pollutant gases, carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases) and ecological footprint (from three aspects of the effect individual, MoreThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of information and communication technology on the quality of the environment (publication pollutant gases, carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases) and ecological footprint (from three aspects of the effect individual, country reserves trend and land type) in member countries of the Economic Co-operation and development Organization is using the panel data method in the time period of 1992-2018.The results showed Expanding the use of ICT in the mentioned countries has a positive effect on improving the quality of the environment And It has reduced the emission of carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases and ecological footprint.Furthermore, the consequences of ICT on the quality of the environment in the long term have been more than in the short term. Therefore, the findings showed that the substitution effect of ICT (substitution of online activities) compared to Income effect (increased leisure time from the substitution effect and increased travel demand) in the case study has been dominant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
740 - The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Social Security Resources in Iran
Soheila Sobhani Mohammad Hassan Fotros Golamali Haji Esmael TorkamaniThe impact of the development of information and communication technology on the labor market and social security has been the focus of international labor and social security organizations. This study examines the impact of ICT on Social Security Resources in the conte MoreThe impact of the development of information and communication technology on the labor market and social security has been the focus of international labor and social security organizations. This study examines the impact of ICT on Social Security Resources in the context of Iran’s economy during the period 1999 to 2019, using the Stochastic Dynamic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model, focused on duality of labor market (formal and informal). The results of the study show that the development of information and communication technology affects social security resources by changing the structure of employment. A survey on the variables response to the positive impulse of ICT shows that the further increase in job opportunities in the informal sector provides more access to jobs in this sector and increasing in the participation rate, the number of informal workers increases. The finding show increasing in informal employment causes an increase in the lost resources of social security. Based on the results, it is suggested that policymakers and insurance funds develop flexible programs in order to expand insurance coverage and support informal workers with the participation of employers and the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
741 - The Role of Economic and Environmental Policies on Preventing Air Pollution
Marziyeh Sadat Vahabzadeh Moghadam Karim Eami Farzaneh Haju HassaniThe purpose of the article is to investigate the role of economic and environmental policies on preventing air pollution using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model during the period of 1990-2019. Based on the results of the model, the economic policy MoreThe purpose of the article is to investigate the role of economic and environmental policies on preventing air pollution using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model during the period of 1990-2019. Based on the results of the model, the economic policy shock causes a sudden increase in economic growth and consumption and then their decrease; However, the economic policy shock increases air pollution. The shock of environmental policies, firstly, increases consumption and economic growth and then decreases them. Investment also decreases as a result of the shock of environmental policies. Based on the results of variance analysis, the role of economic policies for the country's economic situation and creating air pollution is greater than environmental policies. The role of environmental policies in reducing air pollution is less than the role of economic policies in increasing air pollution. It is suggested that when the government increases its expenditures, it imposes green taxes or carbon emission taxes at a lower rate than the increase in government expenditures so that the economic growth of the country will continue to be maintained along with the reduction of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
742 - Comparison the Calibration of Call Option Pricing Models Based on Stochastic Volatility and Generalized Integral Transformation Technique
Forough Lotfi Reza Aghajan Nashtaei Mehdi Meshki MiavaghiThe purpose of this research is to compare the calibration of options pricing models based on Stochastic Volatility and the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique. For this purpose, the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique based on fixed Volatility and H MoreThe purpose of this research is to compare the calibration of options pricing models based on Stochastic Volatility and the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique. For this purpose, the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique based on fixed Volatility and Heston model based on Stochastic Volatility were used for pricing call options. In order to implement the proposed models, This research has used the call option data offered in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results showed that in the state of In-the-Money and At-the-Money, the Heston-based calibration works better than the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique in all maturity scenarios. In the case of Out-of-the-Money, although the calibration of the Heston model performs poorly in the short-term scenario, but as the time to maturity increases, the calibration of the Heston model has responded better than the Integral Transformation Technique in the mid-term and long-term scenario. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to develop the educational infrastructure and culturalization of options, the Department of New Financial Instruments of Tehran Stock Exchange Company can consider the model presented in this manuscript to calculate the key parameters of option contracts in different scenarios, And in this way, a more accurate valuation of option contracts can be obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
743 - The Impact of Current Budget Instability and Debt Accumulation on Iran's Economic Growth
mohadeseh moghadasi alireza Pourfaraj Ahmad Jafari Samimi mohammad Ali falahi This study investigate the Impact of Current Budget Instability and Debt Accumulation on Iran's economic growth using seasonal data during the period 1369:1 to 1397:4 (based on the latest seasonal data published in 1401). Structural Vector Auto More This study investigate the Impact of Current Budget Instability and Debt Accumulation on Iran's economic growth using seasonal data during the period 1369:1 to 1397:4 (based on the latest seasonal data published in 1401). Structural Vector Auto Regressive (SVAR) model has been used for this purpose. The results of the impulse response functions show that the instability of the current budget has led to the instability of other research variables along with increasing debt accumulation and decreasing economic growth. According to the results, the debt accumulation variable has a positive effect in the short term and a negative effect in the long term on private sector investment, as well as a significant negative effect on economic growth. The more the current size of the government is reformed, optimized and balanced, the current budget deficit and its financing will be reduced, the design of a favorable policy in this field will be able to eliminate many of the negative effects of the government sector on the national economy. Based on the results, it is suggested that sustainable incomes should be increased in order to improve the operating balance by maintaining tax justice, and the government's current spending policies should be adjusted by maintaining real purchasing power in a way that does not create negative welfare effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
744 - Evaluating the distance to default of banks: banks admitted to the stock exchange
Ghader Mohamad pour aghdam teymor mohammadi mehdid adibpourThe purpose of this research is to calculate the distance to default of 14 banks admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and active in the banking industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran, based on the option pricing method of Merton, Black-Scholes, using the calculation MoreThe purpose of this research is to calculate the distance to default of 14 banks admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and active in the banking industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran, based on the option pricing method of Merton, Black-Scholes, using the calculation of the market value of the banks' assets and their risk in the period The time is 1392-1400. For this purpose, the average market value of assets, liabilities and asset risk of banks and the distance to their default are calculated and compared.The index of distance to default of each of these banks in this period depends on the market value of assets, risk of assets, risk-free interest rate and debt. These variables depend on economic and non-economic and managerial factors. Bank Ansar, with the lowest average market value of assets, has the shortest distance to its default. On the other hand, Bank Mellat, which has the highest average market value of assets, has the longest distance to default. As a result, the most bank assets will have a longer distance to default. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
745 - Explanation of Financial Variables Effective in Predicting Turnaround: An Artificial Intelligence Approach
Kazem Harounkolai Ghodratolah BarzegarThe main aim of the research was to identify the financial variables that are effective in predicting turnaround of the listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange and to predict turnaround by using artificial intelligence method. For this purpose, the information of MoreThe main aim of the research was to identify the financial variables that are effective in predicting turnaround of the listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange and to predict turnaround by using artificial intelligence method. For this purpose, the information of 173 Distress Companies that came out of distress and turnaround was extracted during 1383 to 1399. Artificial Intelligence approach was used to analyze the data. In this approach, by using Lars and Relief Feature Selection Algorithms, 10 out of 54 financial variables which were effective in turnaround of companies were identified and then, the Learning Algorithm of Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree were used to evaluate the accuracy of the results of the identified variables in predicting turnaround. The results showed that Lars Feature Selection Method and Vector Machine Algorithm Support have better performance in predicting the time to exit from distress as compared to the Relief Feature Selection Method and Decision Tree Algorithm. Also, regardless of feature selection methods, support vector learning machine has a higher predictive power as compared to decision tree. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
746 - The Effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market volatility in Selected Developing Countries: dynamic data panel approach
sirvan aghaie Mohammad Sokhanvar tahereh akhoondzadeh Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market fluctuations in 25 selected developing countries between 2001-2019 using a multivariate mushroom model to calculate fluctuations and gener More Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market fluctuations in 25 selected developing countries between 2001-2019 using a multivariate mushroom model to calculate fluctuations and generalized torque method. Based on the findings of the multivariate mushroom approach, there is a positive and significant relationship between financial and trade liberalization and the stock market fluctuations in this group of countries. Investigating the effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market volatility using the generalized dynamic torque panel regression model shows a positive relationship between financial and trade liberalization and inflation with stock market volatility and also shows an inverse relationship between per capita income and financial liberalization and trade with it. Based on the results, it is suggested that economic policymakers, when implementing financial and trade liberalization policies, should take it into account that this liberalization is both an opportunity and a threat to domestic capital markets. Accordingly, imposition of financial and trade liberalization measures are recommended simultaneously and in a regulatory context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
747 - Identifying and Determining Factors Affecting the Resilience of the Iranian Banking System
Azadeh Afshari Sara Ghobadi Hosein Sharifi RenaniAccording to the emphasis of the Ball Committee, the survival rate of any economy is proportional to the resilience rate of its banks, and, when economic crises occur, the resilience of banks is too important. Then the purpose of this research is to investigate the indi MoreAccording to the emphasis of the Ball Committee, the survival rate of any economy is proportional to the resilience rate of its banks, and, when economic crises occur, the resilience of banks is too important. Then the purpose of this research is to investigate the indicators of the development of the banking sector that can affect the resilience of the Iranian banking system. Therefore, with the help of previous research, some factors were identified and the data were collected for 30 banks and credit institutions during the years 2000 to 2020 in the form of unbalanced panels. After that, the level of resilience was calculated with the help of the Volare index, and the type of relationships was evaluated with the help of the dynamic data panel method. The results showed that among the 18 indicators investigated as factors affecting the resilience of the Iranian banking system, only 9 factors are nonlinearly related to resilience. Resilience variables of the previous period, banking efficiency, the ratio of Interest-Free Income to total income, and the ratio of low-cost resources to total resources, have a direct relationship with resilience, and the indicators of bank size, shareholders' equity to debt, the ratio of loans to free resources, the ratio of the cost of doubtful loans to total expenses and the level of risk tolerance, had an indirect relationship. Also, private or public banks had no significant relationship with resilience. In conclusion, the resilience process of Iranian banks from 2000 to 2020 was drawn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
748 - Evaluating the Effect of Absolute and Relative Poverty on Happiness Inequality in Iran
younes nademi Seyed Parviz Jalili KamjooAbstract This research, based on Bentham's philosophy of pleasure and suffering, has assumed the pleasure as happiness and suffering as poverty and it is following the evaluation of the suffering caused by poverty on pleasure of happiness equality. Absolute and relative MoreAbstract This research, based on Bentham's philosophy of pleasure and suffering, has assumed the pleasure as happiness and suffering as poverty and it is following the evaluation of the suffering caused by poverty on pleasure of happiness equality. Absolute and relative poverty can lead to happiness inequality as moving the line of poverty to the higher deciles of income will lead to more happiness gap in the deciles. In this way, this research, by using Markov Switching method, has evaluated the effect of absolute poverty on happiness inequality during the period 1985-2012 and also has evaluated the effect of relative poverty on happiness inequality during the period 1979-2012 in Iran’s economy. The results from estimated research models showed that absolute and relative poverty have a significant positive impact on happiness inequality in Iran’s society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
749 - Identification of Monetary Policy Items Influencing the Banking System
sorayya rafiee ghareshiran Karim Emami Farhad GhaffariThe purpose of this paper is to identify the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system as one of the most important sectors of macroeconomics. Therefore, the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system using the Dynamic Randomized Equilib MoreThe purpose of this paper is to identify the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system as one of the most important sectors of macroeconomics. Therefore, the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system using the Dynamic Randomized Equilibrium Model (DSGE) and the emergence of long-run macroeconomic ratios in the 1370s and 1380s And others' studies.The results showed that with a positive shock to the interest rate, due to lower demand for loans, the lending rate and, as a result, banks' profits decrease, and due to positive oil shocks, liquidity increases, lending rates and investment increases, and the household's willingness Reduces savings, resulting in lower bank profitability. Based on the results, while considering the importance of the role of financial factors in the transfer mechanism and the intensity of monetary policy effects by policy makers, it is suggested to adopt measures to adjust the effects of economic shocks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
750 - To Analyze Entry Barrier and Price in the Industry of Custom-Purpose Applications
Kiumars Shahbazi jalil badpeymaAbstract The aim of this article is reducing the custom applied softwares cost. For this purpose, this research models the cost of related softwares by means of static bayesian game and assuming the computer companies awareness toward future demand. The results show if MoreAbstract The aim of this article is reducing the custom applied softwares cost. For this purpose, this research models the cost of related softwares by means of static bayesian game and assuming the computer companies awareness toward future demand. The results show if an applicant firm, for custom-purpose software, demand its application in two or more stages, price competition of computer companies to attain future profits cause price reduction in bidding stage and its increase after bidding stages. With increase in demand stages, not only the maximum entry forestalling price, but also entry barriers being increase. Based on results, the buyer firms are suggested to complete their software requirement before purchasing and announce the producers from future demands such that the price of the software reduces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
751 - SPECIFYING the EARLY WARNING MODEL for INFLATION by USING MARKOV SWITCHING APPROACH
Mohsen Mehrara seyed Mohamad Hosein FatemiAbstract This research is an application of the dependent models to the regime in order to determining major determinants of inflation in Iran on the base of seasonal data from 1990:3 to 2016:3, Accordingly, the two inflation regimes, high inflation regime (with an ave MoreAbstract This research is an application of the dependent models to the regime in order to determining major determinants of inflation in Iran on the base of seasonal data from 1990:3 to 2016:3, Accordingly, the two inflation regimes, high inflation regime (with an average annual rate of 28%) and low inflation regime (with an average annual rate of 12%), are identified and causes of regime transition have been surveyed. The results show the significant impact of liquidity growth and the output gap on inflation in both regimes. On the other hand, inflationary impact of liquidity growth in low inflation regime estimated less than the high inflation regime. The results of the Markov model indicate that liquidity growth and money market disequilibrium are the factors of transmission from low inflation to high inflation regime but these variables do not contain any significant implications for the transition from high inflation to low inflation regime. So according to the results, it can be concluded that the use of monetary expansionary policies in a low inflation regime can be more effective on the production than high inflation regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
752 - Governance, National Innovation System and the Capacity for Attraction, Coherence and Technological Innovation (Theoretical Modeling)
Ali Dini Hojat Allah Hosieni Tahere Miremadi Ghasem Ramazanpoor NargesiThe main aim of this paper is to modleized a logical theoretical framework for the relations among governance, national innovation system and absorptive capacity, and technological catching-up. With this aim and using the analytical and deductive method or content based MoreThe main aim of this paper is to modleized a logical theoretical framework for the relations among governance, national innovation system and absorptive capacity, and technological catching-up. With this aim and using the analytical and deductive method or content based resoning method, relations among these factores are identified and with separating non- price factores from price variables, the model is conceptualized. The results show that 1. all of variables and factors are indigenous except the shock price policy; 2.There is an increasing circle between absorptive capacity and technological cathing-up (cumulative casualty); 3. In absence of this circle Neoclassical price polices fail in improving the technological learning and cathing-up process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
753 - Economic Welfare Analysis with an Emphasis on Aspects of Globalization
Ahmad Jafari Samimi Shahryar Zaroki Seyede Rogheieh Sadati AmiriAbstract The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of economic, social and political aspects of globalization on economic welfare in 50 selected countries from three income groups in the time between 2005 and 2015. For this purpose, economic welfare was MoreAbstract The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of economic, social and political aspects of globalization on economic welfare in 50 selected countries from three income groups in the time between 2005 and 2015. For this purpose, economic welfare was been calculated using the Index of Economic Well-Being (IEWB). The results in four frame with panel data method indicated that in high-income countries, economic and social aspect of globalization had significant positive effect on economic welfare while political globalization had no statistically significant effect. While, in the middle-income countries only economic aspect of globalization has significant positive effect on economic welfare. In low-income countries also, economic welfare is affect inversely from economic and political globalization and political globalization has not significant effect on welfare. In general, one can say that non-political aspects of globalization were been affected on economic welfare in the selected countries. Income per capita had a significant positive effect on economic welfare, but inflation had no significant effect on economic welfare. Based on the results an increase in the economic relations is recommend in high and middle-income countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
754 - The Impact of Economic Sanctions on the Amount of Dependence between Oil and Financial Market (Extremal Dependence Approach)
Tahereh Nowrouzifar shahram fattahi Kiomars sohailiAbstract This study tries to examine the contagion between oil and financial markets using a new method of co-volatility. In this survey, identification and measurement of contagion between financial markets, and contagion between oil and financial markets in Iran have MoreAbstract This study tries to examine the contagion between oil and financial markets using a new method of co-volatility. In this survey, identification and measurement of contagion between financial markets, and contagion between oil and financial markets in Iran have been investigated. The daily data for the period 2009-2015 is used which has been extracted from the Central Bank and the OPEC websites. Oil sanction has caused in a reduction in correlation between stock and oil markets fluctuations in short and long-term periods and between gold and oil markets in long-term period. In addition, oil sanction has caused to an increase in correlation among the fluctuations of oil and exchange, gold and exchange, gold and stock, exchange and stock markets during the two periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
755 - Experimental Survey of the Effect of Moral Intelligence on Free Riding: A dynamic Game with Complete Information Approach
Omolbanin Jalali zahra nasrollahi majid hatefiThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of moral intelligence on free riding. To this end, a two-stage team game with three individuals was designed by providing an experimental environment and a sample of 186 people from the target community (students MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of moral intelligence on free riding. To this end, a two-stage team game with three individuals was designed by providing an experimental environment and a sample of 186 people from the target community (students from Yazd and Ayatollah Haeri Meybod). The results showed that moral intelligence has a significant effect on free riding. In fact, increasing moral intelligence reduces free riding. Based on the results, it is suggested that the level of moral intelligence should be considered in attracting workforce in public and private jobs; in addition, it is intended to promote the moral intelligence of employee in order to increase participation in the work and, consequently, productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
756 - The Structure of Production and Income Distribution in Iran
Esmaeil Abounoori mahboobeh farahatiAbstract The main goal of this research is to estimate the effect of production structure on income distribution in Iran. So, the researchers have used Gini coefficient, value added of five sectors concerning Agriculture, Industry and Mining, Building, Service, and Oil MoreAbstract The main goal of this research is to estimate the effect of production structure on income distribution in Iran. So, the researchers have used Gini coefficient, value added of five sectors concerning Agriculture, Industry and Mining, Building, Service, and Oil sectors shares of GDP during 1978-2012. The results indicate that the transition from Agriculture to Industry and Mining, Services and/or Oil increases the income inequality, while the transition from Oil to each of the other sectors reduces income inequality. Transferring the value added share of Industry and Mining to Oil or Services increases inequality. The transition from Services to Industry and Mining has equality effects on income distribution. Transferring the value added shares from Building sector to each of the Industry and Mining and Agriculture has no significant effects on inequality. Concerning the results, value added share transferring from Industry and Mining, Services and/or Oil to Agriculture reduces the inequality consistent with Kuznets Hypothesis representing that the inequality in Agriculture sector is less than other sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
757 - Evaluation of Nominal Wage Rigidities' Sensitivity in Dynamic Stochasic General Equilibrium by Considering the Stock Price Bubbles
Kiomars sohaili shahram fatahi narges rahmanianiThe main goal of this study is to introduce a general stochastic dynamic equilibrium model with sensitivity analysis for the wage rigidity in Iran's economy using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The results showed, capital market dynamics influence the real sector of MoreThe main goal of this study is to introduce a general stochastic dynamic equilibrium model with sensitivity analysis for the wage rigidity in Iran's economy using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The results showed, capital market dynamics influence the real sector of Iranian economy. The monetary policy shock has a significant impact on macroeconomic variables and stock prices. The volatilities in stock prices helps to explain the Iranian business cycles. In the case of bubble in asset prices, credit constraint in firms was decreased and their opportunity cost decreases and causes a downward pressure on the marginal costs and finally inflation decreases. By assuming wage rigidity, possibility of wage adjustment with regard to monetary shock decreases and the reaction of labour and labour supply is been more strict. And changes in production is slower than when the wage perfect flexibility exist. Based on the results, using of the model with wage rigidity in order to better simulate the real world is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
758 - Determining an Optimal Tax on Housing Capital Compared with Non-housing Capital: Case Study of Iran
R. Shahnazi sh. Nasirabadi Abstract In oil exporting countries, the formation of Dutch disease is one of the major problems in economy. Dutch disease causes the outcome of non-tradable sectors (land and housing) to be increased compared with the tradable sector (industry and agriculture) More Abstract In oil exporting countries, the formation of Dutch disease is one of the major problems in economy. Dutch disease causes the outcome of non-tradable sectors (land and housing) to be increased compared with the tradable sector (industry and agriculture) and economic capitals transferred to less productive sectors. When facing with this problem, the solution is to reduce the profit of non- tradable sectors by the help of tax. In this paper, by using neoclassical growth model, determining an optimal tax on housing capital compared with non-housing capital will be studied. According to the results, optimal tax on capital depends on elasticity of substitution between consumption non-housing, housing and leisure times. Since Dutch disease causes the elasticity of substitution between housing capital and leisure time to be decreased, housing capital optimal tax should be more than the tax on non-housing capital. Based on the results obtained by simulating the model in Iran, the tax on businesses and labor will be decreased by the tax on housing profits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
759 - Inflation Persistency in Iran with the Heterogeneous Approach of Economic Agents in Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models
Mansour Khalili Araghi yazdan gudarzi farahaniThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inflation persistency regarding the heterogeneous behavior of economic agents. For this, the data were used from 1991-2015 based on seasonal data and Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models. The innovation of this pa MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inflation persistency regarding the heterogeneous behavior of economic agents. For this, the data were used from 1991-2015 based on seasonal data and Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models. The innovation of this paper is Calvo pricing assumption regarding the lag in inflation rate and indexing parameter in which inflation persistency conditions computing will be more relevant to Iran’s economy. The results showed that inflation expectations have a major role in inflation rate formation so that even if the inflation rate declines it will occur in a longer time due to inflation persistency. It, was cleared the prices have less reaction ability in relation to inflation persistency. It is suggested to the monetary authorities by considering the domestic inflation targeting rule in addition to inflation control, they stabilize the domestic production in the natural level in which it is required the monetary authorities to have credibility in views of economic agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
760 - Money Growth Uncertainty and Currency Substitution in IRAN: A Multivariate GARCH Approach
Sima Eskandari Sabzi Asad Allah Farzinvash Kambiz Hojabr Kiani Hamid ShahrestaniThe aim of this paper is surveying the effects of money growth uncertainty on currency substitution. For this, bivariate GARCH model and VAR-BEKK method was used on the base of data for 1979 to 2014. The results show that money growth uncertainty affects currency substi MoreThe aim of this paper is surveying the effects of money growth uncertainty on currency substitution. For this, bivariate GARCH model and VAR-BEKK method was used on the base of data for 1979 to 2014. The results show that money growth uncertainty affects currency substitution positively. Also, currency substitution, affected by its own past shock and the currency growth. On the other hand, there have been spillover of fluctuations from the currency growth to currency substitution and vice versa. Due to the existence of currency growth effective relationship on the currency substitution in Iran, it is necessary for controlling currency growth and preventing from currency irregular growth by policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
761 - The Analysis of Social Welfare and Welfare Convergence in The Iran,s Provinces for Evalution of Iran,s Regional Development
Elham Vafaei Parviz mohammadzadeh hosein Asgharpour Firooz FallahiAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate social welfare and the convergence of social welfare of Iran,s provinces. For the purpose we use Nahar and Inder convergence during 2000-2013. The results indicate that Kermanshah, Kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad and Mazan MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate social welfare and the convergence of social welfare of Iran,s provinces. For the purpose we use Nahar and Inder convergence during 2000-2013. The results indicate that Kermanshah, Kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad and Mazandaran areconvergence towards the average of welfare of the provinces and Also, West Azarbaijan, East Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Bushehr, Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, Semnan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Qom, Golestan, Lorestan and Hormozgan diverge from the average of welfare. Also, most of the Iran,s provinces have a lower welfare than the community average. Therefore, policymakers performance in this field are not suitable for balanced development of regions welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
762 - Parametric Investigation of Lerner Index in the Bank Deposits and Loan Market Using the Translog Cost Function
mahdi moradi Farhad Khodadad Kashi Jahangir Biabani Hadi GhafariThe aim of this paper is to investigate the monopolistic power of Iran’s banking industry by parametric approach. For this purpose, the Lerner index was calculated in the bank deposits and loan markets using the Translog stochastic frontier cost function and using MoreThe aim of this paper is to investigate the monopolistic power of Iran’s banking industry by parametric approach. For this purpose, the Lerner index was calculated in the bank deposits and loan markets using the Translog stochastic frontier cost function and using banking data including balance sheet and profit and loss statement of 33 banks during 2001-2014. The results showed that monopolistic power of banking industry in the loan market has decreased over time and competitive conditions somewhat have been improved, so that the Lerner index for loan market in 1380 has been decreased from 0.77 to 0.54 in 1393. However, the gap between price and marginal cost is rather high level. Also, the Lerner index of deposit market has been fluctuated between 0.5 and 0.33. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
763 - The Impact of Islamic Banking and Non-banking Financial Institutions on Economic Growth in Iran – A Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)
saeed farahanifard majid feshari yavar khanzadehAbstract The banks and non-banking financial institutions have facilitated trading and commercial activities and increased the markets, and economic growth and prosperity by organizing and directing the payments. In this study, firstly, the researchers have explained t MoreAbstract The banks and non-banking financial institutions have facilitated trading and commercial activities and increased the markets, and economic growth and prosperity by organizing and directing the payments. In this study, firstly, the researchers have explained the channels by which banking and non-banking financial institutions affect economic growth, and secondly, paid attention to the ways of affecting the explanatory variables on economic growth in Iran. At the end, by using the traditional model of King and Levine Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), the effects of non-banking financial institutions supervised by Central Bank of IRI and Commercial and specialized banks are studied during 1999:Q1 - 2013:Q4. The empirical results of this study have indicated that all explanatory variables used have significantly positive effect on economic growth. Also, the experimental results have shown that banking financial institutions have a greater and significant effect on economic growth compared to non-banking financial institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
764 - Sectoral tariffs and geographic distribution of agricultural downstream industries:Evidence of Iran’provinces
mansour ardeshiri Reza Moghaddasi Saeed Yazdani amir mohamadinejadIn this paper, within the framework of the theory of "new economic geography”(NEG), we evaluated the effect of sectoral tariffs on the geographic distribution of agricultural downstream industries in the provinces of Iran.Midelfart-Knarviket et al.(200 MoreIn this paper, within the framework of the theory of "new economic geography”(NEG), we evaluated the effect of sectoral tariffs on the geographic distribution of agricultural downstream industries in the provinces of Iran.Midelfart-Knarviket et al.(2000) approach was usedto test the research hypothesis.In this approach, the perspective of industrial activity location is determined by the multifactor interactions between regional and industrial characteristics.Accordingly, the econometric model by fixed effects method has been estimated using the industrial and regional data of 33 agricultural downstream industries 4-digit code of ISIC classification during the period of 2004-2014 in 28 provinces of Iran.The results show that sectoral tariffs have a significant effect on the industrial location pattern in agricultral downstream industries of Iran; This means that the implementation of supportive policies has led to an increase in the agglomeration in some provinces and the formation of a core-periphery pattern in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
765 - Effect of Inflation on Solvency of Insurance Companies in Iran
Hossein Raghfar esmael safarzadeh Maryam QafourboroujerdiThe target of this article is to investigate the effect of inflation on the solvency of insurance companies in Iran. In this regard, panel data regression models was used to specify the model study from 1391 to 1394. The results show that inflation, current ratio and eq MoreThe target of this article is to investigate the effect of inflation on the solvency of insurance companies in Iran. In this regard, panel data regression models was used to specify the model study from 1391 to 1394. The results show that inflation, current ratio and equity ratio have positive and significant effect on solvency, while loss coefficient and reserves ratio have negative effect on solvency. According to the results, it is suggested that insurance companies change their activities from leveraged companies to capital based ones; consider reserves in another part of balance sheet except for the liabilities part; describe a range as the optimal range of current ratio and define some groups of premium related to the average damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
766 - Education Demand and the Share of Educational in Income Inequality
Ali Falahati Shahram Fatahi Younes Goli Somayeh Goli Abstract This paper, by using household micro-level data over 2010-2014 and utilizing the generalized Logit model and Oaxaca-blinder and Machado-Mata decomposition, investigates the factor affecting educational demands and determining the share of education in More Abstract This paper, by using household micro-level data over 2010-2014 and utilizing the generalized Logit model and Oaxaca-blinder and Machado-Mata decomposition, investigates the factor affecting educational demands and determining the share of education in income inequality. The results show that increase the parents’ years of educational and decrease in number of children lead to increase the educational demand. The results of decomposition models, also, indicate the share of education in income inequality at the bottom deciles of income is 0.6 and at the top deciles is 2.5 percent. Averagely, the share of education in income inequality in 2010 was equal to 1.46 and in 2014 to 3.26 percent. To increase the efficiency of education in the country, the policies such as creation increase the relationship between university and industry, quality of education and increase investment in sectors whit higher forward and backward linkage is advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
767 - The Effect of Social Capital on Participation of Individuals in Teamwork: Experimental Approach Based on Sequential and Simultaneous Games
Omolbanin Jalali Zahra Nasrollahi Majid HatefiRecently, organizations have tended to focus on team activities, and cognitive factors such as social capital can affect the performance of individuals in this framework. In this regard, the present study examined the effect of social capital on individual decisions wit MoreRecently, organizations have tended to focus on team activities, and cognitive factors such as social capital can affect the performance of individuals in this framework. In this regard, the present study examined the effect of social capital on individual decisions within the framework of teamwork. In order to achieve this goal, we came to the experimental environment and performed an examination of the effects by performing sequential and simultaneous games that were complete, static and dynamic, and perfect and imperfect. 182 students were selected from the population of students from universities of Yazd, and 2184 observations were collected. The results of the study showed that the increase in social capital of a team's players leads to increased team production, team revenue and team profits. The results also showed that people with high level of social capital are not affected by rewards, while reward changes lead to a change in the behavior of individuals with a moderate or lower social capital level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
768 - The Impacts of Tariff Cuts on the Iranian Labor Market: Case Study of Agricultural, Food, Apparel and Textile Sectors
mohammad mehdi barghi oskooeeAbstract In this paper, the effect of trade openness on the level of employment and the rate of wages has been evaluated by using a computable general equilibrium model. The results represent that through the cuts of general imports tariff, the percentage changes of to MoreAbstract In this paper, the effect of trade openness on the level of employment and the rate of wages has been evaluated by using a computable general equilibrium model. The results represent that through the cuts of general imports tariff, the percentage changes of total employment level as well as the employment level of unskilled labor will be increased. Likewise, by decreasing the percentage of skilled labor wages to follow more tariff cuts, wages inequality is improved. Also, it is clear that more tariff cuts on food, apparel and textile commodities will decrease the percentage changes of total level employment and unskilled labors. Since, the percentage changes of skilled labor wages will be increased in comparison with unskilled labors by increasing tariff cuts. Thus, it can be concluded that wider trade openness in the food, apparel and textile commodities leads to the increase of wages inequality. However, under the effect of the tariff cuts in agricultural commodities, the percentage changes of total employment as well as the employment of unskilled labors will be increased and by the decline of percentage changes of skilled labor wages, there is a decrease in the inequality of wages between skilled and unskilled labors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
769 - The Welfare Computation under Different Fiscal Policies in an Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy Model Framework
hosein marzban zahra dehghan parviz rostamzadeh hamidreza izadiThe aim of this paper is computing the welfare under different fiscal policies by using of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model in an optimal monetary and fiscal policy framework for the Iran's economy. In order to investigating the effects of using tax MoreThe aim of this paper is computing the welfare under different fiscal policies by using of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model in an optimal monetary and fiscal policy framework for the Iran's economy. In order to investigating the effects of using tax instruments some different scenarios were provided. First scenario, the case with all taxes available, Second scenario, the case without consumption taxes, third scenario, the case of income and consumption taxes. The results indicate that the number of fiscal policy instruments available to the planner, plays an important role in the welfare changes in the optimal monetary and fiscal policy model. The minimum welfare loss occurs in last scenario and the maximum of welfare loss is related to second scenario. The proposal is that planner deal with determining polices in an optimum fiscal and monetary policy model, regarding available fiscal policy instruments and effects from economic shocks on welfare changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
770 - The Effect of Prices Changes on Income and Welfare Distribution in Urban Areas
teymoor mohammadi Abbas Shakeri Mahnoosh Abdollah milani Ali ShahabiAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of price changes on the distribution of income and social welfare in Iranian urban areas during 1991-2011. To get the end, a linear expenditure system is estimated by the use of budget data in urban households t MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of price changes on the distribution of income and social welfare in Iranian urban areas during 1991-2011. To get the end, a linear expenditure system is estimated by the use of budget data in urban households to obtain the Engel coefficients for 12 good groups estimating seemingly unrelated regressions. Equivalent Income Index is calculated for 10 cost deciles based on what Atkinson’s inequality measure and social welfare index is calculated. The results represent that income inequality of urban households has been increased during the periods of high inflation, while social welfare has experienced a decreased growth. Meanwhile, it is clear that a remarkable part of social welfare changes is aroused by the changes of household's private welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
771 - Time-varying Effects of Inflation Determinants: State-space Models
m. khezri B. Sahabi K. Yavari H. HeidariAbstract Based on the importance of inflation in Iran economy, paying careful attention to inflation determinants is essential. According to the results of various studies, the evaluation of inflaion determinants by using standard VAR model leads to wrong conclusions d MoreAbstract Based on the importance of inflation in Iran economy, paying careful attention to inflation determinants is essential. According to the results of various studies, the evaluation of inflaion determinants by using standard VAR model leads to wrong conclusions due to omitted variables bias in VAR model. The problem of price puzzle in the empirical literature is an example. In this study, for a more accurate assessment of the determinants of inflation in Iran economy and forecasting the inflation, TVP-VAR models are used to model the inflation instead of VAR model with constant coefficients. So that the variables of GDP, growth of monetary basis, inflation, exchange rates,banks interest rates and inflation uncertainty are modeled. The results represent changeable relationships between variables over time and the impact of economic conditions on the effects of variables on each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
772 - Inflation Behavior of Tradable and Non-Tradable Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Approach
javid bahrami Behnoosh sadat Aghayan esfandiar jahangardAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting Tradable and Non-tradable inflation. Accordingly, Dynamic stochastic General Equilibrium model was used during the period 1991 to 2016. The results of the Impulse Response Functions (IRF) indicate tha MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting Tradable and Non-tradable inflation. Accordingly, Dynamic stochastic General Equilibrium model was used during the period 1991 to 2016. The results of the Impulse Response Functions (IRF) indicate that non-tradable inflation is more responsive as a result of shocks. Monetary shock has had the greatest impact on non-tradable inflation, while Exchange rate and monetary shock have the greatest impact on tradable inflation in terms of initial effect and durability respectively. Based on the results, policy makers' attention to the components of inflation is suggested when economic decisions are made. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
773 - The Macroeconomic Effects of Structural Reforms in Iran's Retirement System
hoda jafari Abbas Najafizadeh Esmaieel Safarzade Gholam Ali HajiAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distributive and welfare effects of the transition from the current payment system to a partially funding system in Iran. For this purpose a six period OLG Models have been designed and simulated. The simulation MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distributive and welfare effects of the transition from the current payment system to a partially funding system in Iran. For this purpose a six period OLG Models have been designed and simulated. The simulation results of the specified model show that, the consumption of all generations has increased and the saving of individuals and, consequently, capital accumulation in the economy is decline due to these reforms; the result of these changes is the decline in total production of economy. Based on these results and the widespread recession in the country's economy, it is suggested that policymakers do not resort to structural reforms and transition to funded system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
774 - Examine The Asymmetric Effects of oil Price shocks on Iran’s Economic Growth and Interest Rate: Nonlinear VAR Model
saeed samadi ali sarkhosh-sara Omid Amini DarrevazanAbstract The aim of this paper Major part of GDP of Iran driven by oil revenues. As the oil price fluctuations vary the oil incomes, assess the effect of this variation on economic growth is a matter of importance. In this regard, this survey investigate the asymmetric MoreAbstract The aim of this paper Major part of GDP of Iran driven by oil revenues. As the oil price fluctuations vary the oil incomes, assess the effect of this variation on economic growth is a matter of importance. In this regard, this survey investigate the asymmetric effects of oil price shocks on Iran's economic growth and interest rate using seasonal data from 1999:4 to 2015: 3 using self-equilibrium pattern of nonlinear transient nonlinear transmission (LSTVAR) series, including high and low oscillation regimes. Oil price fluctuations are selected as a transition variable, and using the generalized instantaneous reaction function, the asymmetric effects of oil price shocks on economic growth and interest rate have been examined. The results indicate that oil price shocks in both high and low volatility regimes have different and asymmetric effects on economic growth and interest rate. The shock of oil prices in the high-fluctuation regime at the start will reduce economic growth to a greater extent than the increase in economic growth in a regime with low volatility. According to the results, it is suggested that saving excess oil revenues in oil price increases should be considered so that this surplus can be used to reduce the adverse effects of oil price fluctuations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
775 - The Effects of Development Iran’s Economy Sectors on Income increase in Urban and Rural Groups
mohamad Kiani deh kiani seyed habib allah mousavi Sadegh khalilianThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of development Iran’s economy sectors on increasing the income of low, middle and high income urban and rural groups. To achieve this goal, the effects of development eight main sectors of Iran’ economy MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of development Iran’s economy sectors on increasing the income of low, middle and high income urban and rural groups. To achieve this goal, the effects of development eight main sectors of Iran’ economy on income increase of urban and rural groups were studied by using social accounting matrix (2011) and structural analysis method. The results show that the effects of agricultural development and expansion on earnings income increment per unit increase in the final demand of this sector for all urban and rural income groups are higher than other sectors and the crude oil and natural gas sector has the least effect. Also, urban group income increase is higher than rural. Based on this, it is suggested that the agricultural sector be considered seriously in the process of development and decision-making programs for investment in the economic sectors as well as the need to pay attention to income groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
776 - Pricing Model of National Gas Exports via Pipeline on the Base of Game Theory
Ali Akbar Naji Meidani Gholam Ali RahimiOne of the most important issues in the field of natural gas export via pipeline is the lack of pricing strategy, and providing an optimum pricing mechanism has always been one of the biggest challenges for gas export contracts. In this paper a pricing mechanism based o MoreOne of the most important issues in the field of natural gas export via pipeline is the lack of pricing strategy, and providing an optimum pricing mechanism has always been one of the biggest challenges for gas export contracts. In this paper a pricing mechanism based on Game theory provided. The pricing mechanism has been developed based on cooperation among producing countries, consumers and gas transmitters that in the case of gas-exporting countries' commitment to it, the interests of these countries will be supplied. So, taking into account the realities of the market and according to the conditions of transmitter country, different scenarios have been compiled and according to it, the modeling is accomplished. The results of the different models in determining price, quantity and optimum tariff for two cooperative and non-cooperative games is that the interest of member countries in cooperative game is far greater than non-cooperative game. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
777 - TFP Growth, Technological Progress, Efficiency Changes: Empirical Evidence from Iranian Manufacturing Industries
saeed isazadeh masoud soufimajidpourThe purpose of this paper is decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) to technological progress, technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, scale effects in Iran’s manufacturing industries. For this, a stochastic Frontier production model was estimated f MoreThe purpose of this paper is decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) to technological progress, technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, scale effects in Iran’s manufacturing industries. For this, a stochastic Frontier production model was estimated for 135 manufacturing industries over the period 1379-1393. The findings showed that technological progress in 21 industrial groups has been grew on average 12 percent annually. In relation to technical efficiency many of technical industries have been weaken in using exist technologies or have been inefficient technically. The third factor findings showed that Iran’s manufacturing industries have been utilized from scale effects. In relation to allocative efficiency, also, all groups have experienced negative growth except Recycle group. In result, among components of total factor productivity, allocative efficiency has been more unfavorable and it refers to in Iran’s economy the resources allocate in unfavorable. On the base of the results, improvement in financing system, increasing in private sector capacitance, improvement in business space are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
778 - Analysis of the Evolutionary Game Theory among Iran & Saudi Arabia in the Context of Genetic Algorithm
samaneh khatami alireza shakibaeeEvolutionary game theory has been known as the most suitable tool for modeling the dynamics of strategic interactions. In this regard, evolutionary algorithms present the new approach for learning and decision modeling of bounded rationality factors. The objective of th MoreEvolutionary game theory has been known as the most suitable tool for modeling the dynamics of strategic interactions. In this regard, evolutionary algorithms present the new approach for learning and decision modeling of bounded rationality factors. The objective of this study is providing the new model of searching for optimal strategies in iterated prisoner's dilemma (IPD) using genetic algorithm. For this purpose, by simulating competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in OPEC oil Coalition, we used 12 strategy types over 20 runs of genetic algorithm for maximizing individual’s scores and also minimizing competitor fitness scores. Results show that “Tit for Tat” with the highest average fitness in both competitions known as the optimal strategy. The other strategis like; Soft Majority, Trigger & TF2T are next in ranking. The strategy “All D” is known as inefficient strategy in competition with the lowest productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
779 - The Effect of Central Bank Transparency on the Output Volatility
Mohamad ali Ehsani Reza IzadiThis paper investigates the effect of central bank transparency on output volatility in selected states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (based on the maximum data availability) during the period 2003-2014. Applying the Arellano-Bond GMM estimation and using t MoreThis paper investigates the effect of central bank transparency on output volatility in selected states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (based on the maximum data availability) during the period 2003-2014. Applying the Arellano-Bond GMM estimation and using the Dincer and Eichengreen transparency index, we examine the effect of central bank transparency on output volatility. The results indicate that an increase in the level of central bank transparency will decrease output volatility up to a certain point, after which additional information from central banks begins to exacerbate it. Therefore, moving with caution towards monetary policy transparency is recommended since the output volatility can be reduced considerably, implying significant benefits for output stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
780 - Accounting the Growth of in Iran Manufacturing Sector by Emphasizing on ICT
mahmood mahmoodzadeh mirhosein mousavi farzad paknahadAbstract The measurement of contribution of physical capital, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) capital, labor and total factor productivity growth to economic growth has been an important issue in economics for a long time. The aim of this paper is to e MoreAbstract The measurement of contribution of physical capital, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) capital, labor and total factor productivity growth to economic growth has been an important issue in economics for a long time. The aim of this paper is to estimate the contribution of physical capital, ICT capital, labor and total factor productivity growth of manufacturing value added in Iranian manufacturing industries. For this purpose, we used the date of ISIC 2-digit codes during 2000-2007 using growth accounting analysis method. findings shows that the contribution of physical capital in growth is %36, the labor %34, information technology %3 and total productivity %27. So, physical capital and unskilled labor have dominant role in the growth but low in information technology. Also, manufacturing industries has a decreasing return to scale in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
781 - Economic Investigation of the Crime and It's Inter-Provincial Spillover Effects in Iran: A Spatial Panel Approach
mohsen mehrara Ehsan mohammadian nikpeyAbstract This study investigates the effects of economic and social variables on crimes in Iran by using provincial panel data during 2000-2010. Spatial econometrics is used to study the crime both in space and spillover effects in the model. Research findings suggest MoreAbstract This study investigates the effects of economic and social variables on crimes in Iran by using provincial panel data during 2000-2010. Spatial econometrics is used to study the crime both in space and spillover effects in the model. Research findings suggest that spillover effects caused led by the crimes in provinces are significant in the investigation period. Therefore, any change in crime rate will affect the province and the neighbors by the spillover effects or contagion across boundaries. Furthermore, the results indicate that economic variables of "Income and Industrialization index" and social variables of "Marriage to Divorce Ratio", "Urbanization Ratio" and "Population Increase" all have significant and important effects on the crime along the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
782 - Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Air Pollution and Public Health Expenditures - A Dynamic Panel Data Approach
maryam fattahi Abbas Esari hosein sadeghi hosein asgharpourAbstract This study intends to investigate the effect of air pollution on public health expenditures and to identify the most important factors affecting the relationship between air pollution and public health expenditures. The scope of the study is the developing cou MoreAbstract This study intends to investigate the effect of air pollution on public health expenditures and to identify the most important factors affecting the relationship between air pollution and public health expenditures. The scope of the study is the developing countries during 1995-2011. For this purpose, a dynamic panel and Generalized Method of Moments are used. The empirical results indicate that there is a robust and significant relationship between air pollution, per capita income, urbanization, government size, aging dependency and public health expenditure and unemployment have a negative but significant effect on public health expenditures. Also, per capita income, urbanization and education have significant effect on the relationship between air pollution and public health expenditures. That is, the effects of air pollution on health expenditures in the countries with higher per capita income, higher urbanization rates and lower education levels are significantly higher than other countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
783 - Measuring Monopoly Power of Manufacturing Industry in Iran: Stochastic Frontier Functions Approach
Farhad Khodadad Kashi Jafar Ebadi Seyed Ziaoddin Kiaalhoseini Khalil HeidariAbstract The aim of this paper is introducing a new method to estimation monopoly power and uses it for 136 Iranian manufacturing industries at 4 digits ISIC level during 2005-2013. The method used is stochastic frontier approach. The results indicate that the markup o MoreAbstract The aim of this paper is introducing a new method to estimation monopoly power and uses it for 136 Iranian manufacturing industries at 4 digits ISIC level during 2005-2013. The method used is stochastic frontier approach. The results indicate that the markup of nearly 98 percent of manufacturing industries is between 10 and 40 percent and they have an uncompetitive behavior. The average industries markup in Iran had a rising trend over time, reducing their average returns to scale. According to the results; there are suggested canceling the exclusive advantages that used to grant to some industries, lowering the tariff for increasing foreign competition with implementation necessary standards in order to production, importing industerial outputs and expanding industerial activities in the form of cooperatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
784 - The Productivity of Energy and the Effective Factors on it. (Manufacturing Industries of IRAN)
Ebrahim Niknaghsh نقی شجاع Amir Gholam Abri Mohamad Mehdi MovahediThe main goal of the present study is to evaluate the total energy productivity and the effective factors on 134 manufacturing industries in Iran with a four digit code and also ISIC international classification among 1385 to 1394. To do this, with data envelopment anal MoreThe main goal of the present study is to evaluate the total energy productivity and the effective factors on 134 manufacturing industries in Iran with a four digit code and also ISIC international classification among 1385 to 1394. To do this, with data envelopment analysis and Malmquist method the technical, technological efficiency and the total energy productivity are calculated on the manufacturing industries in Iran. And then by fixed effects method and generalized method of moments (GMM),the effect factors on the total Energy Productivity was calculated. The results of the model showed that the total Manufacturing Industries experiences a technological positive growth, but some have been technically efficient. In all, the findings showed the growth of the total energy productivity in the manufacturing industries. The findings based on the model showed that variables such as skills, information communication technologies (ICT), research and development, physical capital and machinery and equipment , export and time are meaningful effect and just variable education is meaningless effect on the total energy productivity. Based on the results, reviewing the work style, improving managerial skills ,Government subsidized support of production and investment, imports tariff reduction of capital equipment and machinery of the industries with less energy consumption is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
785 - The Effect of Oil Rent on Corruption in Selected Meddle East and North Africa Countries (MENA)
Mehdi Adibpour sina karbasizadehAbstract The aim of this study is to examine the effect of oil rent on corruption within the Selected Middle East and North Africa’s oil-rich countries (MENA) by using a panel data model over the period 2003 to 2016. For this purpose, the effect some control vari MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to examine the effect of oil rent on corruption within the Selected Middle East and North Africa’s oil-rich countries (MENA) by using a panel data model over the period 2003 to 2016. For this purpose, the effect some control variables such as oil production, economic openness degree, democracy index, political right index, individual liberties index, per capita production and inflation on corruption has been considered. The results showed that oil rent has statistically significant negative impact on corruption index. Economic openness degree increase and democracy improvement and institutional quality improvement significantly decrease corruption. However, other control variables have not significantly effect on corruption index. In addition to, institutional quality variable as moderating index of relationship between oil rent and corruption was been considered but its significant effect on the relationship between these two variables was not been confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
786 - Iran and Qatar Cooperation in Gas Production from South Pars (North Dome) Gas-Condensate Field: A Game Theory Framework
Elmira Bayati Bijan Safavi Amir JafarzadehAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnit MoreAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnitude of the exploitation has led Qatar to become more promising by investing more in its oil and gas industries than Iran; this imbalance has caused a rash and pernicious competition. Following this incident, the main purpose of the paper is to examine the type of communication (cooperative or non-cooperative) through the game theory to achieve an optimal economic strategy for Iran. Results based on non-cooperative game design, solving methods through methods of elimination of dominated strategies (dominate strategies equilibrium), and Nash equilibrium showed that choosing the non-cooperative strategy is optimized for both countries and non-cooperation has more economic benefits for Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
787 - Non-Interest Income, Profitability and Risk in Banking Industry
Amir Ali Farhang Abolghasem Esna Ashari Asghar Abolhasani Mohammad Reza Ranjbar Fallah Jahangir BiabaniThe aim of this study is evaluating the effect of non-interest income on the risk and profitability of the banking industry by using systematic GMM during 1384 to 1393. The findings show that the increase of non-interest income results in the increase of profitability a MoreThe aim of this study is evaluating the effect of non-interest income on the risk and profitability of the banking industry by using systematic GMM during 1384 to 1393. The findings show that the increase of non-interest income results in the increase of profitability and the decrease of risk in Iran's banking system and there is a significant positive relationship between the concentration index and bank risk in such a way that the increase of concentration index results in increase of banks' risks. On the base of the research results and current problems of Iran's banking system, paying attention to banks' money making ability through non-interest income can be considered as a major solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
788 - Impact of Economic Freedom on the Development of Banking Sector in Iran
A. Shahabadi R. Davari KishAbstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing MoreAbstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing the banking sector. The increase of economic freedom provides the setting of financial resources equipment, strengthens the sense of bank deposit in general population to guide them for limited capital in productive activities. Hence, in this study, the impact of economic freedom index on the development of the banking sector in Iran during 1980-2011 will be discussed. The results represent that economic freedom and its components have a significant and positive relationship to the development of banking sector. Also, based on the results, the estimation of the impact of central bank foreign assets on monetary base and Real interest rate on the development of banking sector is positive and significant. Also, the effect of public sector debt to central bank on monetary base is negative but significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
789 - The Effect of Environmental Performance on Happiness: A Cross-country Analysis
hadis hesabi morteza khorsandi hosein abbasinejad Hassan Dehghan ShourkandThis article seeks to find the relationship between happiness and environmental quality. So, the effect of environmental performance index on happiness was evaluated by using data sets of 155 countries during time interval 2006-2016 (as biannual) with panel data method. MoreThis article seeks to find the relationship between happiness and environmental quality. So, the effect of environmental performance index on happiness was evaluated by using data sets of 155 countries during time interval 2006-2016 (as biannual) with panel data method. The results indicate that the improvement of environmental performance index has a positive and significant effect of 6 percent on happiness. On the other hand, the results indicate that the effect of control variables including Gini coefficient and negative impact of environment (An average of negative feelings from environment) was negative, while having the freedom of choice is a positive effect on happiness. Apparently, previous studies confirm the validity of obtained results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
790 - Economic Theory of Optimal Marriage
vahid mehrbaniEconomic approach to the marriage represent that optimal conditions in family formation are realized whenever the man loves equally himself and his wife and so the household resources will be equally distributed. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to consider the MoreEconomic approach to the marriage represent that optimal conditions in family formation are realized whenever the man loves equally himself and his wife and so the household resources will be equally distributed. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to consider the credibility of this idea and to find empirical evidence. By using a sample including of 415 married men residing in Tehran, empirical evidence suggest that higher income of women tends to convey marriage to optimality but the age and education of women go in opposite direction. In addition, the number of children and the degree of resemblance of couples' tastes will have positive impact on reaching to optimal marriage. At last, marriage will be close to optimality, if the men’s education is higher than the women’s occurred in lower ages and the number of children and the degree of understanding between the couples is more. The most important implication of this paper is that the similar characteristics of men and women are not necessarily a favorite situation in marriage but some discrepancies seem to be better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
791 - Studying the Effect of Price Changes on the Welfare of Urban Households Disaggregated By Income Deciles and Commodity Groups
mohammadreza Arman mehr Asieh FarahmandmaneshThis study has assessed the welfare effects based on increasing in the price of eight commodity groups. This research has been accomplished among Iranian urban households of different income deciles in terms of linear expenditure system via using Compensating Variations MoreThis study has assessed the welfare effects based on increasing in the price of eight commodity groups. This research has been accomplished among Iranian urban households of different income deciles in terms of linear expenditure system via using Compensating Variations in the period 1372-1392 by time series data. The results indicate that the increasing in prices leads to decreasing the welfare of lower income deciles rather than the higher income deciles, but with rising price a group commodity(and stability of prices of other commodity groups) in terms of reduced welfare, the most vulnerable income deciles is different. Based on the results, it is suggested that the amount and type of subsidy to the income deciles must be different, and special attention must be paid to low-income groups in the liberation of prices due to inflation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
792 - Investigating the Relationship between Trade and Financial Openness with Ecological Footprint
Hossein-Ali Fakher Zahra Abedi Bita ShayganiThe major aim of this paper is the survey of impact of trade and financial openness on ecological footprint in selected developing countries. In this paper, it has been tried to test the effect of trade and financial openness on ecological footprint in the form of simul MoreThe major aim of this paper is the survey of impact of trade and financial openness on ecological footprint in selected developing countries. In this paper, it has been tried to test the effect of trade and financial openness on ecological footprint in the form of simultaneous-equation system on the base of panel data to the years from 1994 to 2014. The results show, there are several factors, which can affect the trade and financial openness and cannot be considered as exogenous variables. Considering trade and financial openness as endogenous variables and the factors influencing them, the impact of such variables on the ecological footprint index can be examined more precisely. On this basis, trade openness has positive and significant effect on ecological footprint index (negative effect on environment quality). On the other hand, according to shelter of pollution hypothesis financial openness variable has positive and significant effect on the ecological footprint index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
793 - The Effect of State Fragility on Iranian Export to Southeast Asian Countries Using Spatial Econometric Approach
Shekoofe Nagheli majid maddah esmael AbounooriAbstract The major aim of this paper is to estimate the effect of the state fragility index as institutions represent on Iranian export to Southeast Asian countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric approach and the mixed regressive-spatial autoregressive mode MoreAbstract The major aim of this paper is to estimate the effect of the state fragility index as institutions represent on Iranian export to Southeast Asian countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric approach and the mixed regressive-spatial autoregressive model was used. Research pattern is a regression model with panel data from Iranian trade with Southeast Asian countries during 2000-2015. The results showed that the effect of the state fragility index variable on Iranian export to Southeast Asian countries is negative and significant. This means that promoting legitimacy and effectiveness in the social, political, and economic and security spheres have positive effect on increasing the export capacities of the country. According to the results, the hypothesis of spatial dependence in the model is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
794 - Geographical Aggregation of Industrial Activities and Productivity Growth: The Evidence from Iran's Provinces Manufacturing Industries
Morteza Sameti mahdi fathabadi Homayoun RanjbarThis paper investigates the impact of spatial aggregation of industrial activities on manufacturing industries productivity growth of Iran's provinces during 2004-2013, using cross-section data and dynamic pooled regression by Generalized Method of Moments (GM MoreThis paper investigates the impact of spatial aggregation of industrial activities on manufacturing industries productivity growth of Iran's provinces during 2004-2013, using cross-section data and dynamic pooled regression by Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). To measure industrial aggregation Ellison Glaeser (EG) index was used. The findings support the “Williamson hypothesis”, that is, aggregation of industrial activities has positive effect on productivity growth only up to a certain level of development. By improving infastructures and markets expand, congestion externalities vary in the development phases and it can result in more dispersion in economic activities. Namely, aggregation accumulates human and physical capital and this accelerates economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
795 - Reaction of European Industries Importing Iranian Oil to Energy Prices: Inter-factor analysis and Inter-fuel analysis
somayeh azami Kiumars Soheili marjan ghasemiAbstract The purpose of this study is evaluating European manufacturing Industries Importing Iranian Oil response to energy prices during 1970-2005. A two-stage translog model is used for estimating production factor and fuel demand elasticities. Results of inter-factor MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is evaluating European manufacturing Industries Importing Iranian Oil response to energy prices during 1970-2005. A two-stage translog model is used for estimating production factor and fuel demand elasticities. Results of inter-factor analysis show that in most of the countries, energy is inelastic input. Results of inter-fuel analysis show that natural gas is a good substitute for gasoil in European industries. With increasing price of electricity and natural gas, it is predicted that oil is a substitute for these energy carriers in most of countries. Demand elasticity for energy carriers (excluding gasoline) was low estimated. The results of this study have important implications for the industry energy suppliers and environmental policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
796 - Surveying the Monetary Shocks Impact on the Income-Expenditure Relationship in the Iran's Government with the Approach of TVPFAVAR
jaber akbari sadegh bakhtiari morteza sameti homayoun ranjbarThe aim of this survey is surveying of monetary shocks on government income-expenditure in Iran by using variable parameters during time by considering seasonal data over the period 1988 to 2014. The results show that occurrence of any shock in liquidity, increase gover MoreThe aim of this survey is surveying of monetary shocks on government income-expenditure in Iran by using variable parameters during time by considering seasonal data over the period 1988 to 2014. The results show that occurrence of any shock in liquidity, increase government income and expenditures and occurrence of any shock in inflation and interest rates, reduce this relationship, but the shocks of inflation and interest rates, has weakened this relationship. Based on the results, it is suggested, to balancing the relationship of income - expenditure in the long term, the government should not focus on the tools of monetary policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
797 - The Effect of Financial Market Variables and Macroeconomic Variables on Exchange Rate Returns of Iran and major trading partners (1990 to 2015)
Reza Najarzade Lotfali Agheli Elham KhorasaniThe aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of financial and fundamental variables on exchange rate fluctuations for Iran and 11 countries of her major trading partners during 1990-2015 with General Method of Moments (GMM) approaach. The overall results suggest that MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of financial and fundamental variables on exchange rate fluctuations for Iran and 11 countries of her major trading partners during 1990-2015 with General Method of Moments (GMM) approaach. The overall results suggest that stock index differentials, the interest rates differentials, net capital inflows, net bond inflows, budget deficit and the relative efficiency of non-tradable sector have a negative and significant impact on the exchange rate. However, the inflation rate differentials and the relative efficiency of tradable sector have a positive effect. Inflation, deficit and the relative efficiency of tradable sector showed to have the greatest impact on the exchange rate returns. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the role of the government through the transfer of activities to the nongovernmental sector and less government intervention in the economy to reduce the adverse effects of the budget deficit on macroeconomic performance, to prevent a sharp increase in liquidity in the community, and to reduce the conversion of oil revenues to rials relative to Reducing inflation, and improving efficiency index, especially that of tradable sector to preserve the value of the national currency is helpful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
798 - Evaluation of Home Bias in Consumption and Exchange Rate Fluctuations (DSGE Approach)
Mohammad Akbari mohammad javad sharifzade ali ranjbarakiThe aim of this study is to evaluate the result of the exsictance and change in consumer home bias on macroeconomic variables (such as consumption and inflation), in the event of exogenous shocks to the economy. In order to do so, seasonal data of the period 1394-1370 a MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the result of the exsictance and change in consumer home bias on macroeconomic variables (such as consumption and inflation), in the event of exogenous shocks to the economy. In order to do so, seasonal data of the period 1394-1370 and a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model has been used. After designing the model, parameters of the suggested model are estimated by Bayesian approach. Reviewing the impulse response functions in the event of exogenous shocks (such as oil revenue shock and technological shock) shows that, with home bias exsictance in the model, inflation and consumption volatility will reduced due to the increased volatility of exchange rate. Based on the results it is recommended that, In order to control endogenous variables (including inflation), In the event of exogenous shocks, especially oil revenue shock, the exchange rate should be allowed to fluctuate more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
799 - Assessing the Structure of Bank Deposits Market in Iran
mohammad nabi shahiki tash kamran mahmoodpourAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied dur MoreAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied during 2007–2011. By the use of Bresnahan's market power model, it is found that there is no deposit market for pre-said banks in Iranian banking industry. The coefficients estimated by the research model have represented that the hypothesis of perfect competition without any withholding rates and deposit rates can be rejected for the entire market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
800 - Effective Factors on Absorbing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in MENA Region
Sanaz Khatabi Akbar Komijani Teymour Mohamadi Abbas MemarneJadAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effective factors associated with FDI inflows to MENA region (11 selected countries in Middle East and North Africa). The two-stage least squared pooling method was used for selected MENA countries to a MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effective factors associated with FDI inflows to MENA region (11 selected countries in Middle East and North Africa). The two-stage least squared pooling method was used for selected MENA countries to analyze the data for 2002-2014. Based on the results of analysis, positive effect of economic growth, rate of inflation, and market openness and a negative effect of good governance on foreign direct investment obtained. The results, also, showed that countries with fixed exchange rate regime were more successful in attracting FDI inflows. Based on the findings of this study, and to attract FDI inflows, MENA member countries should implement policies aimed at, improving public’s perceptions of governance, decreasing the inflation, increasing economic growth, creating stable foreign exchange rate regimes, and increasing trade openness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
801 - The Effect of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and International Business on Greenhouse Gas Emission in Iran
taghi torabi Amin khajooeipour samaneh tarighi mohammadreza pakravanAbstract Nowadays the people all over the world are increasingly worried about the emission of greenhouse gas and the environmental changes resulted. Since Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the main source of pollution and emission of greenhouse gas, this paper is to study the r MoreAbstract Nowadays the people all over the world are increasingly worried about the emission of greenhouse gas and the environmental changes resulted. Since Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the main source of pollution and emission of greenhouse gas, this paper is to study the relationship between the emission of this gas caused by energy consumption, economic growth and international trading in Iran during 1971-2011 based on environmental biology Kuznets Curve in practice. So, auto-distribution method with vast stops is used. The results represent that the use of energy, real gross national production per person and the rate of economy openness has a positive and significant effect on the emission of CO2. Furthermore, for the acceleration of short-term dividend pattern adjustment toward long-term balancing, error correction pattern is used. The coefficient estimated for ECM is -0.49 representing that imbalance of CO2 emission can be adjusted after two years by changing the level of energy consumption, national gross production and the rate of economy openness. By considering the increase of CO2 emission in Iran, it is necessary to make new environmental policies to decrease environmental destruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
802 - The Demand for Away from Home Food in Iranian Households: An Application of Box-Cox Double Hurdle Model
hasan farazmand hamidreza hallafiAbstract Inspired by Becker’s model (1965) and Double-Hurdle pattern by the transformation of Box-Cox and also using the statistical data related to the income and expenses of the urban and rural households in Iran during the year 2012, the most important economi MoreAbstract Inspired by Becker’s model (1965) and Double-Hurdle pattern by the transformation of Box-Cox and also using the statistical data related to the income and expenses of the urban and rural households in Iran during the year 2012, the most important economic and demographic reasons affecting the probable participation and amount of consumption of food away from home has been identified and then the elasticities related to the probable participation and conditional and unconditional consumptions been calculated. The elasticities resulting from estimating the maximum likelihood function of the research under the study indicates that the results of the explanatory factors on the probable participation and the expenses pertaining to the food away from home are sometimes favorable and sometimes contradictory and contrastive. The families themselves and their educational level respectively have a negative and positive favorable effect on the consumption of food away from home. The average age factor of the household has negative elasticity on the probable participation and positive elasticity on costs. So, it has a contrasting effect on the consumption of food away from home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
803 - Inter-fuel Substitution in OECD and its Effects on the Fluctuations of Iran's Petroleum Exports
teymoor mohammadi hamid amadeh fereidoon barkashli dariush vafinajarIn this paper, based on the importance of Inter-fuel substitution, the researcher try to study the changes in Inter-fuel substitution in OECD and then to answer the question that "whether it has any effect on the fluctuation of Iran's petroleum exports in this market or MoreIn this paper, based on the importance of Inter-fuel substitution, the researcher try to study the changes in Inter-fuel substitution in OECD and then to answer the question that "whether it has any effect on the fluctuation of Iran's petroleum exports in this market or not?" By using Linear Dynamic Logit model based on the equations of fuel and SURE to investigate inter-fuel substitution through four fuels including oil, gas, coal and electricity represent that the electricity and gas is the most intensive in short and long-term alternative to oil. The estimation of this system as simultaneous to MSI model for Iran's oil exports in OECD market indicate that these substitutions affect the fluctuations of Iranian petroleum exports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
804 - Redefinition of the Relation between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Iran: Markov Switching Approach
A. M. Mozayani A. Esari Arani B. Afsharian A. RasouliAbstract The purpose of this study is finding the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the industry and transport sector in developed and developing provinces in Iran through Markov switching model during 2000-2010. The results indicate a posi MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is finding the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the industry and transport sector in developed and developing provinces in Iran through Markov switching model during 2000-2010. The results indicate a positive effect of energy consumption growth on value added growth in industry and transportation both in developed and developing provinces. But, the positive effect of energy consumption will be increased by moving from recession to economic boom phrase. The results imply that the relation between energy consumption and economic growth in transportation sector is more than industry and there is an asymmetric relation between energy consumption and economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
805 - The Effect of Mark-up Shocks on Intensification of Stagflation in Iran’s Economy: DSGE Approach
Teymour Mohammadi abbas shakeri Masoume EmamikalaeeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of existence of mark-up shocks, which is a criterion for monopolistic structure of industries on intensification of stagflation phenomenon in Iran’s economy. For this purpose, it has been utilized by the metho MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of existence of mark-up shocks, which is a criterion for monopolistic structure of industries on intensification of stagflation phenomenon in Iran’s economy. For this purpose, it has been utilized by the methodology of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium during the period of 1959-2014. The findings showed that mark-up shock increases price and decreases production which shows the existence of stagflation. Meanwhile, the mark-up shock will instantly decrease consumption and investment. As a result, mark-up shock does not have a positive effect on the economy as it tend to produce stagflation. Based on the results, it is possible that by consideration anti-monopoly laws it can be prevented increasing the mark-up. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
806 - Optimal Economic Model of Cultivation to Reduce the Impacts of Environmental Pollution in Mazandaran Province
Majid Ghorbani Abolfazl Mahmoudi mohsen shookat fadaei Mohammad KhalediThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the position of rapeseed and soybean oils in optimal cultivation pattern of Mazandaran province in two social and market conditions. For this purpose, the calibrated linear programming model has been used to reduce environment MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the position of rapeseed and soybean oils in optimal cultivation pattern of Mazandaran province in two social and market conditions. For this purpose, the calibrated linear programming model has been used to reduce environmental pollution based on data from the year 1396-97. The results of the market model showed that the use of water, machinery and capital for production of crops in the province, in particular, oilseeds were more than needed and the same amounts of production could be obtained by using smaller amounts of these inputs. Gained. Also, given the limitations and available resources, soybean cultivation should be reduced by 45% and canola cultivation by 18% to achieve the optimal model. The results of the social model showed that the production of oilseeds in the province would only be possible with government support for the agricultural sector. The results suggest that instead of focusing on subsidies for fertilizers and chemical pesticides, other areas such as technical knowledge promotion, insurance, warehousing, transportation, commodity exchange, standardization, export, package Classify and grade these supports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
807 - Modeling Equity Premium Puzzle by Using Fuzzy Logic: A Number of Evidences from Iran
Alireza Erfani Solmaz SafariThis paper is intended to study the equity premium puzzle in basis of Consumption Capital Asset Pricing model in the period 1371-1393 in Iran seasonally. The results confirm the puzzle in the period. Consequently the paper introduces and proposes an experimental and the MoreThis paper is intended to study the equity premium puzzle in basis of Consumption Capital Asset Pricing model in the period 1371-1393 in Iran seasonally. The results confirm the puzzle in the period. Consequently the paper introduces and proposes an experimental and theoretical model to explain equity premium through Consumption Capital Asset Pricing model in habits formation model and combination of financial and economy regimes by Fuzzy Logic. Results derived from proposed model showed that equity premium and risk aversion have a counter- cyclical relation with economic regimes; so that in recession regime and reducing market, consumption news increase relative risk aversion and equity premium. In this regime, the individual prefers to adventure only in lieu of high level of compensation and he or she also intends to allocate the funds into more certain fields such as bank deposits. While consumption news in the period of boom in economy and increasing market, decrease risk aversion and equity premium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
808 - Calculating the Sustainable Supply Chain Performance in the Cement Industry (Application of Network Data Envelopment Analysis Model)
mohammad hossein darvish motevally farhad hosseinzadeh lotfi نقی شجاع Amir Gholam AbriThe purpose of this paper is to present an appropriate model of data envelopment analysis with a network structure for evaluating the sustainability of the supply chain of cement companies present in the Iranian Stock Exchange during 2014-2015 and determine their produc MoreThe purpose of this paper is to present an appropriate model of data envelopment analysis with a network structure for evaluating the sustainability of the supply chain of cement companies present in the Iranian Stock Exchange during 2014-2015 and determine their productivity based on the Malmquist index. This model attempts to introduce sustainability criteria in the supply network with regard to quantitative and qualitative constraints as well as undesirable outputs and Through their measure of supply chain, results are more consistent with reality. Overall, the results indicate a decline in the total productivity of these companies; meanwhile, only 7 companies have maintained their performance and other companies have had a performance fluctuation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
809 - Components Incompatibility, A Way for Monopolization in Services
kiumars shahbazi jalil badpeymaThe purpose of this article is to achieve the compatibility equilibrium of components. For this purpose, the components compatibility was investigated in the production equipment producers. In this research, a game has been designed in three stages with considerin MoreThe purpose of this article is to achieve the compatibility equilibrium of components. For this purpose, the components compatibility was investigated in the production equipment producers. In this research, a game has been designed in three stages with considering the available alternatives for equipment producers and service providers, in which the firms decide about compatibility before price competition in selling stages and providing services. Then, by means of static games solution with imperfect information, the game equilibrium has been exploited. The modeling results showed that the component incompatibility is the game equilibrium and the firms with monopolization incentives in providing the after sale services, produce own provided outputs under an incompatible situation. Based on results, is suggested the production equipment byers, if possible before purchase, evaluate the rate of breakdown of production equipment, and also, concurrent with purchasing the system, buy the spare parts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
810 - The Role of Tendency of Government Preference in an Optimal Fiscal Policy Model in the Presence of Agent Heterogeneity in A dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Framework
hamidreza izadiAbstract This paper examines an optimal fiscal policy model in the presence of agents heterogeneous in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Therefore, the presence of heterogeneous agents in the model led MoreAbstract This paper examines an optimal fiscal policy model in the presence of agents heterogeneous in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Therefore, the presence of heterogeneous agents in the model led to create limitation that will be call government preference. The role of these preferences and tendency of the Government to the poor or the rich group can change the results of optimal policies on the economy. By using a dynamic stochastic general model, the role of government preferences tendency was been surveyed. The results indicate that in these models, the role of government expenditure financing through available taxes in the policymaking system, is partly dependent on the government preferences tendency. On the bases of the results, it is suggested that separating the government preferences and tendency in relation to the poor and the rich. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
811 - Determining the Optimal Interest Rate and Its Effects on Iran's Economy: An Application of Optimal Control Theories
yazdan Naghdi Farshid Efati BaranAbstract The aim of this study is to estimate and calculate the optimal interest rate during the period 1993-2016 in order to achieve an optimal interest rate and a describe economic growth using the optimal control theory. Taking into account Iran’s economic, s MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to estimate and calculate the optimal interest rate during the period 1993-2016 in order to achieve an optimal interest rate and a describe economic growth using the optimal control theory. Taking into account Iran’s economic, social and cultural planning, its economic growth rate is considered 6%, and the inflation targeting 10% in the present research. The results show that in order to achieve the describe economic growth rate of 6% in a year and the inflation targeting rate of 10%, the optimal interest rate needs to be 5.2%. By notice that the bank average interest rate for Iran has been 14.3% in the same period, it is suggested that bank interest rate decreases. This matter will increase investment and ultimately expand production and economic growth in the Iranian economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
812 - The Impact of Provincial Budget Gap on Regional Income Disparity of Iran’s Provinces by Using PVAR Model
Hadi Rahmani Fazli Abbas Arab MazarThis paper attempts to investigate the relationship among provincial construction and total budget gap with per capita income disparity as a regional inequality index among the nation provinces during 2006 - 2011 periods by using panel vector autoregressive approach. Ba MoreThis paper attempts to investigate the relationship among provincial construction and total budget gap with per capita income disparity as a regional inequality index among the nation provinces during 2006 - 2011 periods by using panel vector autoregressive approach. Based on the panel co-integration test there is a long run significant relationship among provincial income per capita disparity with provincial construction and total budget gap. Estimation results of PVAR model and analysis of impulse responses functions show that the budget gap shock has a positive impact on income per capita disparity and justifying the shock effect on income per capita lasts about six periods. The variance decomposition results of the shocks showed that the total and construction budget gap explain a considerable part of provincial income per capita disparity variation. The results emphasis on necessary to reduction gap in budget allocation to the nation provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
813 - Multi-Dimensional Approach to Subjective Well-Being: A Case Study: Ilam University Staff
bagher darvishi mehdi omidi fereshteh esmatThe purpose of the paper is surveying multi-dimensional approach to subjective well-bein.by using Van Praag, et al (2003) model. Therefore, satisfaction from life has been modeled as a function of satisfactions in finance, job, health, habitation, leisure, and living en MoreThe purpose of the paper is surveying multi-dimensional approach to subjective well-bein.by using Van Praag, et al (2003) model. Therefore, satisfaction from life has been modeled as a function of satisfactions in finance, job, health, habitation, leisure, and living environment and by COLS method, on the base of data from the questionnaire for a sample including 180 individuals of Ilam university’s faculty members and staff was estimated. The results show that satisfaction with life as a whole for the staff is also a function of finance, health and living environment satisfaction, while it is only a function of financial satisfaction for the faculty members. The results, also, suggest that in various life aspects, lack of satisfaction with life cannot be explained solely by income components. So, it is suggests to protective institutes that prohibit to solely welfare plans and instead of them, provide more comprehensive protective packages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
814 - Fiscal Policies and Income Distribution in Iran: FAVAR Approach
seyed kamal sadeghi mohammad bagher beheshti Reza ranjpour saeed ebrahimiThe aim of this paper is to examine the impact of government fiscal policies on income distribution. For this purpose FAVAR method and quarterly data for the time period of 1393:q4-1369:q1 for 99 macroeconomic variables have been used. Impulse response functions show th MoreThe aim of this paper is to examine the impact of government fiscal policies on income distribution. For this purpose FAVAR method and quarterly data for the time period of 1393:q4-1369:q1 for 99 macroeconomic variables have been used. Impulse response functions show that a positive shock as size one standard deviation in government current expenditure, increases Gini coefficient and as result worsens income distribution. While, government development expenditure as well as direct and indirect taxes shocks reduce Gini coefficient and improve income distribution. According to the Findings, the government can reduce income inequality by reducing unproductive costs, increasing targeted development spending and improving tax system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
815 - Effective Factors on Iran’s Export to Eurasian Economic Union
Mansour AsgariWhile the country's development requires the growth of exports, taking into account the trend of globalization, this process entails outward looking economic approach in which preferential trade agreement is essential. On the other hand, the assessment of the effects of MoreWhile the country's development requires the growth of exports, taking into account the trend of globalization, this process entails outward looking economic approach in which preferential trade agreement is essential. On the other hand, the assessment of the effects of preferential trade agreements of Iran with trade partners is important as well. Therefore, this paper analyzes the effects of establishing a preferential trade agreement of Iran with Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). This paper, using the gravity model with the panel data approach, the 2007-2016 data and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, evaluated the effects of this agreement. The results show that the variables of GDP size, economic similarities, the difference between the exporter's, importer's income level and real exchange rate, have a positive effect on Iran’s export. It is estimated that by establishment of a preferential trade agreement between Iran and EAEU, Iran's exports will increase by 43 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
816 - Exchange Rate Pass-Through into Import Price in Iran Economy with Emphasis on Volatility of Oil Revenues (Nonlinear Approach)
Mana Mesbahi Hosein Asgharpour Jafar Haghighat Seyed Alireza Kazerooni firooz fallahiAbstract The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impacts of fundamental variables and volatility of oil revenue (as one of the most important of environment prevailing components in Iran economy) on degree of exchange rate pass through (ERPT) into import MoreAbstract The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impacts of fundamental variables and volatility of oil revenue (as one of the most important of environment prevailing components in Iran economy) on degree of exchange rate pass through (ERPT) into import price. For this, Markov-Switching and EGARCH methods were used on the base of data for 1990:3 to 2014:1. The findings indicate that there are two ERPT into import price regimes in Iran economy. The ERPT is more than unitary in both regimes. Also, volatility of oil revenues has asymmetric impacts on ERPTs of regimes in terms of size and sign but it increases ERPT into import price in both regimes. Therefore, managing of volatility of oil revenues and exchange rate changes are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
817 - E-Business and Startup's Performance
niloofar imankhanAbstract The purpose of this paper is survey of impact of e-business on startup's performance. E-business is investigated in relation to design and production, marketing, distribution, coordination with suppliers and post-sale services. Type of the research is practical MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is survey of impact of e-business on startup's performance. E-business is investigated in relation to design and production, marketing, distribution, coordination with suppliers and post-sale services. Type of the research is practical and the method is cause and effect. Managers and experts operative startups are the statistical society of research that 140 from 200 included. Library studies and field research for gathering information used and data collection done with questionnaire that its construct, content validity and also reliability approved. Results show that E-business through change on production and distribution process (design, marketing, distribution, coordination with suppliers and post-sale services), decrease of operating expenses and increase of return on asset effect on startup's performance. The government with providing supportive rules, universities with principled training and create entrepreneurship thought space and private sector by risky investment will be golden triangle in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
818 - Evaluation of Exchange Market Pressure and Degree of Government Intervention by Co-integration Technique: Case Study of Iran
mahmood baghjari Ebrahim Hoseini nasab Reza NajarzadehAbstract Exchange market pressure (EMP) is an important index for evaluating the changes of exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves simultaneously. In this paper, exchange market pressure is calculated based on Weymark approach during 1989: Q1- 2012:Q4. The method MoreAbstract Exchange market pressure (EMP) is an important index for evaluating the changes of exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves simultaneously. In this paper, exchange market pressure is calculated based on Weymark approach during 1989: Q1- 2012:Q4. The method applied for estimating EMP is Co-integration technique by using Johansen-Juselius (JJ) technique. The results have represented that, during the period, there is a pressure on exchange rate and about 44% of exchange market pressure is attracted by foreign exchange and remaining 56% absorbed by the changes in exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
819 - The Effect of Crime on the Development Convergence of the Provinces of Iran: An Application of Spatial Econometrics
Seyed Aziz Arman VAHID KAFILI Hasaan Farazmand Hosein MoltafetThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of crime deterrence (Internal Security) on the convergence of development between the provinces of Iran (during the period 1375 to 1390, respectively). Estimation of convergence equation inspired by Solo- Swan neocl MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of crime deterrence (Internal Security) on the convergence of development between the provinces of Iran (during the period 1375 to 1390, respectively). Estimation of convergence equation inspired by Solo- Swan neoclassical growth theory and using spatial econometrics indicates that while there is no a significant deterrent effect of crime index on the speed of development, convergence of development between the provinces of Iran occur. The existence of convergence among provinces, indicates the success of regional development policy in reducing regional inequality. Non-significant impact of crime in the development process could be due to the huge role of government in the development process and also the lack of enough threshold of crime density for the provinces of Iran. It is recommended that as in the past, regional development policies regardless of the crime density in the provinces continue and this insignificance, lack of seriousness in controlling crime and the causes of crime politicians not to follow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
820 - Study of Pollution Abatement Policy by Using Comparative Static Analysis and Endogenous Growth Model: Case Study of Iran Economy
sharareh majdzadeh tabatabaei ali hosein ostadzadAbstract In past decade, paying attention to the environment sustainability has been an important macroeconomic goal in different countries by moving towards a low-carbon economic growth. Therefore, this paper attempts to design and calibrate an endogenous growth model MoreAbstract In past decade, paying attention to the environment sustainability has been an important macroeconomic goal in different countries by moving towards a low-carbon economic growth. Therefore, this paper attempts to design and calibrate an endogenous growth model and use comparative static analysis to study the policies such as promoting green R&D, imposing an eco-tax, subsidizing less polluting factors of input for pollution abatement and then, to control the pollution effects on Iran economy. The results represent that the government can adjust the behavior of agents in order to reach a sustainable economic growth with the help of appropriate policies, and so to choose an optimal decision in the allocation of resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
821 - The Effect of Stadiums and Professional Sport Teams on Job Earnings in Iran
parviz mohammadzadeh farhad aziziAbstract During two past decades, the building of stadiums and sport projects has been greatly increased in American and European and even Asian countries. Today, as an effective and important factor, it plays a vital role directly and indirectly in the economic develo MoreAbstract During two past decades, the building of stadiums and sport projects has been greatly increased in American and European and even Asian countries. Today, as an effective and important factor, it plays a vital role directly and indirectly in the economic development of cities and countries when producing and consuming sports goods and services. This paper explores the impact of professional sports teams and stadiums on earning in private sector. To get the goal, such jobs as sporting goods stores, grocery stores, restaurants, inn, hotel, transportation and amusements are considered by a closer interaction with stadiums. This study tries to pay attention to such related sports as football and futsal during 2005-2007. The results indicate that there is no positive and significant relationship between the existence of professional teams and stadiums and the earnings of people in related jobs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
822 - Effect of Price Changes in Main Commodity Groups on Rural Households Welfare Based on Linear Expenditure System
samad hekmati farid soleiman feizi nafiseh saadatThis paper is to evaluate the effect of price changes in 8 main commodity groups on rural households during 2001-2012. To estimate subsistence level, rural households' data issued by Iranian Statistics Center is used. In addition, by the the results of linear expenditur MoreThis paper is to evaluate the effect of price changes in 8 main commodity groups on rural households during 2001-2012. To estimate subsistence level, rural households' data issued by Iranian Statistics Center is used. In addition, by the the results of linear expenditure system, the price and income elasticities is calculated along with the compensation and equivalent variations of Iranian Rural households. The results represent that subsistence level for Rural households is 40637 thousand Rials in the year 2012. Furthermore, the compensation and equivalent variations calculated by of commodity groups indicate the increase of prices in each commodity group of subsistence level will decrease rural households welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
823 - Shadow Economy and Income Inequality in Iran
A. Asadzadeh Z. JaliliAbstract This paper studies the relationship between income inequality and shadow economy in Iranian economy during 1971-2010. After examining the structural break of the data by using Bai- Peron endogenous structural break test, and Lee- Strazicich unit root test, the MoreAbstract This paper studies the relationship between income inequality and shadow economy in Iranian economy during 1971-2010. After examining the structural break of the data by using Bai- Peron endogenous structural break test, and Lee- Strazicich unit root test, the study will be done by using Ordinary Least Squares. Based on the results obtained, the effect of shadow economy on income inequality is positive and by the increase of shadow economy, income inequality will be increased. Also, the results indicate that the increase of government size leads to the increase of the income inequality. In addition, the simultaneous effect of the shadow economy, economic growth and government size represent that a rise of shadow economy will increase income inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
824 - Customer Behavior Analysis of the Bank Industry: Grounded Theory Approach
Mostafa Esfandiari niloufar imankhanAbstract The present paper has reviewed a comprehensive approach and qualitative research method based on Strauss and Corbin's theory (1988), to examine and present the brand assessment model through customer behavior analysis. The sample size was finalized for intervi MoreAbstract The present paper has reviewed a comprehensive approach and qualitative research method based on Strauss and Corbin's theory (1988), to examine and present the brand assessment model through customer behavior analysis. The sample size was finalized for interviewing experts in the context of theoretical saturation, and the foundation theory data strategy, including open source, axial and selective coding, as well as the basic model of this theory was used to formulate the model of the research. The findings of the research led to identification of causative conditions, grounded conditions, interventional conditions and evaluation dimensions in customer behavior analysis based on the brand choice of the bank. Formulating valuation strategies with the approach of customer relationship process measurement, service delivery process, customer segmentation process, target selection process and placement process, a mentality image based on brand distinction and competitive advantage will be based on customer analysis and selection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
825 - Studding Democracy Convergence in Developing Countries: A Spatial Econometric Approach
Seyed Kamal Sadeghi mohsen pourabdollahan Parviz Mohamadzadeh zahra karimi parvin alimoradi afsharThe purpose of this paper is to study empirically the convergence of democracy in developing countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric and panel data approach was used during the period 1990- 2014. The results show that the geographic proximity of countries h MoreThe purpose of this paper is to study empirically the convergence of democracy in developing countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric and panel data approach was used during the period 1990- 2014. The results show that the geographic proximity of countries has a positive and significant effect on democracy. In other words, on average, the increase in the level of democracy in the geographic neighbors has led to a 6 percent increase in democracy, which reflects the political influence of each other. Also, foreign aids does not have a significant effect on the spread of democracy in developing countries. In general, the spatial effects of democracy or the theory of diffusion in developing countries are confirmed. Therefore, According to the theory of diffusion and convergence of democracy, increase or decrease in democracy in a country can increase or decrease democracy in neighboring countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
826 - The Use of an Endogenous Growth Model to Calculate the Optimal Rate of Value Added Tax with Emphasis on Harmful Products and Waste
Ahmad Jafari Samimi Saeed Karimi Potanlar Kooroush AzamiThe aim of this paper is to calculate the optimal rate of value added tax with emphasis on harmful products and waste and oil revenues using a model of endogenous growth for Iran’s economy. For this purpose, at first, a generalized growth model for three parts inc MoreThe aim of this paper is to calculate the optimal rate of value added tax with emphasis on harmful products and waste and oil revenues using a model of endogenous growth for Iran’s economy. For this purpose, at first, a generalized growth model for three parts including households, firms and government developed. After developing the model and achieving a determiner relationship of the optimal rate of value added tax, using the parameters of Iran’s economy, the model was calibrated and tax optimized values for different scenarios were calculated. The results showed that in the face of declining oil revenues, to remain in a constant situation, optimal rate of value added tax will be increased. More economic growth will increase the tax optimal rate. By increasing social sensitivity to the harmful products and waste, in order to provide optimum conditions for social welfare, the optimal rate of value added tax should be increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
827 - Determinants of Fuel Subsidies in Selected Oil Exporting Countries: (The Case Study of Gasoline Subsidy)
Hossein Tavakolian Ali Faridzad Jalal Dehnavi Neda MohamadiAbstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting the payment of fossil fuel subsidies in oil exporting countries. To this end, the determinants of fossil fuel subsidies in selected exporting countries are divided into three sections: economic, poli MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting the payment of fossil fuel subsidies in oil exporting countries. To this end, the determinants of fossil fuel subsidies in selected exporting countries are divided into three sections: economic, political and institutional factors, and analyzed by the method of generalized moment data of dynamic panel data in the period 2003-2015. The results showed that variables such as carbon emissions and health costs are effective in paying gasoline subsidies. International Indicators of Risk also show the impact of institutional and political factors on subsidies. Based on the results, international organizations or management organizations should have targeted and accurate investment in improving the organizational and institutional capacity of the countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
828 - The Effective Factors on Survival Duration of Economic Expansion in Selected Countries of Islamic Cooperation Organization (Survival Analysis Approach)
Majid FeshariThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of inflation rate, investment, oil price and oil income and the ratio of devoted credits to private sector divided by survival duration of economic expansion in twenty five OIC countries during the period of 1994-2014. MoreThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of inflation rate, investment, oil price and oil income and the ratio of devoted credits to private sector divided by survival duration of economic expansion in twenty five OIC countries during the period of 1994-2014. For achieving this purpose, the research experiential model have been estimated by using cyclical models method by assuming Weibul distribution. The results from the estimated model indicate to positive affecting inflation, oil price, oil income, gross domestic fixed capital formation and the ratio of devoted credits to private sector divided by survival duration of economic expansion in the studding countries. So it can be suggested that the economic policy makers in the Islamic Cooperation Organization countries by increasing investment and by developing financial markets deal with increase of domestic production capacity and probability of more survival to economic expansion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
829 - Financing Through Public-Private Partnership and Development
hasan noei aghdam Sayed Shams Alddin Hoseini Abbas Me'marnejad karim emami jozeThe main purpose is to explain the impact of financing through public-private partnerships with government funding on development. For this purpose, the system of simultaneous equations was used based on Iranian Registry data from 1976 to 1978. Estimated coefficients fo MoreThe main purpose is to explain the impact of financing through public-private partnerships with government funding on development. For this purpose, the system of simultaneous equations was used based on Iranian Registry data from 1976 to 1978. Estimated coefficients for the effect of financing through public-private partnerships and government funding on development were tested. The results showed that public-private partnership financing was about four times more likely to affect development than government funding. This difference is not rejected at the 98% level. It is proposed to increase the share of financing through public-private partnerships rather than through government funding to further the development goals.This move, in addition to freeing up government funding for other development goals, allows for increased private sector participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
830 - Impact of the Government Expenditure on Private Consumption and Investment in VAR and FAVAR Model
mansour khalili araghi Hassan SharifiThe aim of this paper was survey of the government's current and development expenditure impact on private consumption and investment in Iran economy. In this study, Factor Augmented Vector Autoregressive method was used on the base of seasonal data frequency in the per MoreThe aim of this paper was survey of the government's current and development expenditure impact on private consumption and investment in Iran economy. In this study, Factor Augmented Vector Autoregressive method was used on the base of seasonal data frequency in the period 1370-1394.The results showed that the government's current and development expenditure have a complementary effect on private consumer spending; but government expenditure in two current and development sectors has had a substitutional effect on private investment. According to the results, it is suggested that in order to boom and economic development in various economic sectors, the government deal with infrastructure expenditure and on the other hand, help by increasing private investment subject to no budget deficit increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
831 - The Estimation of Systematic Risk in Iranian Financial Sectors (ΔCoVaR Approach)
samad hekmati farid Ali Rezazadeh ali malekAbstract The occurrence of last crisis has led to the consideration of systematic risk and it's transmission in theoretical and empirical point view. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to estimate and localize of systematic risk in financial sectors of Iran such as St MoreAbstract The occurrence of last crisis has led to the consideration of systematic risk and it's transmission in theoretical and empirical point view. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to estimate and localize of systematic risk in financial sectors of Iran such as Stock, Insurance and Bank sectors during the period of 1995-2015. The quintile regression econometric approach has been used for estimating the difference conditional value at risk in these sectors. The main empirical findings of post estimation indicated that there is significant difference between Stock, Insurance and Bank sectors as main financial sectors. Moreover, the results of Fridman test as a method for ordering of variable status showed that, the systematic risk of insurance is high and risk of bank is low during the period of study. So, there is significant difference between orders of financial sectors in Iran over the period of study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
832 - Institutions and development in the Middle East Countries
mohammad hosein fatehi dabanloo Kambiz hojabr kiani abbas memarnejad mohsen mehraraThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between institutions and development in the Middle East countries. To testing the hypotheses the Middle East countries were divided into two groups of oil exporting and non-oil-exporting, then the research MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between institutions and development in the Middle East countries. To testing the hypotheses the Middle East countries were divided into two groups of oil exporting and non-oil-exporting, then the research models as systematic and three-stage least squares have been used by the data during the period 1996 to 2014 for the two groups. Wald, Kruskal-Wallis and least significant difference tests were also utilized in appraising the interaction between institutions and development. The findings show that there is a significant difference between institutions and development interaction in the oil exporting and non-oil-exporting countries in the Middle East. In both groups, the estimated coefficient for the impact of development on institutions is more than the impact of institutions on development. Therefore, pay attention to development, automatically, in addition to improving its indices, upgrades the institutions conditions and improves the indices performance. This impact is exist by institution, also, but the variation speed is more by development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
833 - Simulation of Heterogeneous Inflation Expectations in Iran
saeed isazadeh habib morovat omid sharifiIn this paper by considering importance of inflation expectations, its formation quality has investigated by regarding heterogeneous economic agents and by factor based computing model, expected inflation in Iran economy has simulated with lest forecasting error squares MoreIn this paper by considering importance of inflation expectations, its formation quality has investigated by regarding heterogeneous economic agents and by factor based computing model, expected inflation in Iran economy has simulated with lest forecasting error squares during 1979-2013. On the base of the assumptions, individuals have been divided into two groups with extroverted and regressive to trend expectations in which the ratio of these groups can change over time. The results show that the economic agents with extroverted inflationary expectations have an important role in inflation durability and changing the behavioral parameters of economic agents affects inflation expectation. Therefore, because of the possibility of endogenous dynamism mobility in the model, it is better that Policy-makers notice to the condition of inflationary expectations change in making polices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
834 - Expansion of Financial Distress Modeling Using Corporate Earnings Management in the Iran's Economic Environment
Abbas Ramezanzadeh Zeidi Khosro Faghani Makrani Ali jafariThe purpose of this study is to provide a model for financial distress predicting with real earnings management.So the redesignthe financial distress prediction model of Altman (1983) with the real earnings management variable as a predictor variable, the performance of MoreThe purpose of this study is to provide a model for financial distress predicting with real earnings management.So the redesignthe financial distress prediction model of Altman (1983) with the real earnings management variable as a predictor variable, the performance of the unadjusted model and the adjusted model in predicting of financial distress among companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange was compared.The statistical sample consists of 179 Companies during the years 2008- 2017.Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed using multiple logistic regression.The results show that the overall accuracy of the adjusted model is higher than the unadjusted model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
835 - Estimating the Food Price and Income Elasticities in Tehran Urban Households
vida varahrami zohreh hoshmand reza yousefi haji absdAbstract The aim of this research is to estimate the food price and income elasticities in urban household of Tehran province. For this purpose, the data of household food items in Tehran province used by different groups of household consumer goods are gathered and th MoreAbstract The aim of this research is to estimate the food price and income elasticities in urban household of Tehran province. For this purpose, the data of household food items in Tehran province used by different groups of household consumer goods are gathered and then handled as a combination of linear almost ideal demand system based on seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) during 2004- 2012. In this paper, the behavior of price and income elasticities has been studied in urban households. The overall results represent that cereals, dairy products and oils group are a part of essential commodities. Meats, fish and marine animals are luxury goods. Cross-price elasticities, in term of absolute value, are less than one in most cases. Auto-price elasticity of fish and marine animals is more than one unit. In other word, this group is a kind of elastic goods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
836 - The Effect of Capital Income Share Variation on Economic Growth and Total Factor Productivity: A Growth Accounting Approach
mehdi fathabadiThe factors ‘shares are constant in Solow growth accounting approach. The purposes of this paper are evaluating the effect of capital income share change on economic growth, implementing the growth accounting approach to calculate total factor productivity (TFP) c MoreThe factors ‘shares are constant in Solow growth accounting approach. The purposes of this paper are evaluating the effect of capital income share change on economic growth, implementing the growth accounting approach to calculate total factor productivity (TFP) considering that capital income share to be changed; and finally, estimating the effect of capital income share and it’s variation on TFP growth. For this reason, the data of value added, capital stock, and labor compensation with constant values at 2011 as well as labor forces data of manufacturing industries in 31 Iran’s provinces during 2000-2014 have been collected. Findings show that the capital income share variation had positive effect on income per capita in provinces ‘manufacturing industries with value 11.5 thousand Rials. The growth accounting results indicate that classic factors contribution (labor and capital stock) of economic growth was 11.4 and 200 percent, respectively. Moreover, capital income share variation and Zuleta TFP contribution of manufacturing industries economic growth are 30 and -141 percent, respectively. Finally, outcomes of panel least squares (PLS) estimation show that capital income share variation has significant and positive effect on TFP growth, but income share level doesn’t significant effect during the considered period. In fact, a one percent increase in capital income share will increase the TFP growth by approximately 2.6 percent; which these are due to variation of factor abundant ratio and biased technological change in provinces ‘manufacturing industries of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
837 - Analyzing the Determinants of Housing Prices in Tehran City
mirhosein mousavi hosein doroodianAbstract In this paper, the factors affecting house prices have been studied in Tehran during 1991-2007. After combining the parameters and variables, land prices, construction costs, interest rates, per capita residential buildings completed, money supply and the retu MoreAbstract In this paper, the factors affecting house prices have been studied in Tehran during 1991-2007. After combining the parameters and variables, land prices, construction costs, interest rates, per capita residential buildings completed, money supply and the returns in alternative markets are considered as theoretical determinants of housing prices, in which their effects should be tested and measured. Besides these factors, a component of unobserved or implicit trend including technical performance, preferences and non-economic factors is considered in the model. In order to estimate the model, a structural time series is used. This model has the capability to specify the regression equation of state - space and Kalman filter algorithm and the maximum likelihood method to estimate unknown parameters. The results have reflected the negative impact of real interest rates, returns on alternative assets such as gold, foreign exchange, equities, per capita residential buildings completed and the positive impact of construction costs. But, M2 is weak and insignificant. Strong relationship between land prices and housing prices identified seem to bo a simultaneous movement of two variable rather than a causal relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
838 - Calculation of Elasticity of CO2 Emission Intensity of Energy-Intensive Industries with the Approach of Identifying Important Input-Output Coefficients
Elaheh Shareie Ali Faridzad ali asghar banoueiAbstract &nbs MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to analyses the effect of changes in technology and distribution of economic sectors on CO2 emission intensity of the first five Iranian energy intensive industries used identifying Important Coefficients based on 2011 input-output table. The results of two Leontief Demand-Driven and Ghosh Supply-Driven Approaches show that one percent changing in technology of production and distribution of product of chemical materials and chemical products manufacturing, coking, processing of petroleum and nuclear fuel and manufacture of basic metal products will reduce more than one percent of CO2 emissions intensity. Since that mentioned sectors are in inappropriate condition due to their great potential CO2 emissions intensities, hence it is essential to make emission reduction policies about these sectors to reduce CO2 emissions intensity significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
839 - Modeling and Ranking the Criteria in Providing Favorable Financing for Public Sector by Using MCDM: Case study of Mashhad Metropolis
rasool ghorbani mitra azimiAbstract This study is to use a library and comparative analysis method for ranking the criteria affecting the optimal model in Mashhad municipal finance and then providing a scheme for the model developed. To get the goal, 23 people are selected in Mashhad Municipalit MoreAbstract This study is to use a library and comparative analysis method for ranking the criteria affecting the optimal model in Mashhad municipal finance and then providing a scheme for the model developed. To get the goal, 23 people are selected in Mashhad Municipality officials and economic experts to complete the questionnaire. The data are analyzed based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software. Finally, after weighting and ranking the criteria and decision options, a funding desired pattern is provided for Municipality of Mashhad in three Macro, medial and local levels. The results represent that renovation tax, building and land tax (except municipal consolidation taxes), value- added tax and the costs of utilities, are respectively the most important policy priorities on the stabilization of municipal revenues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
840 - Dynamic Efficiency-Wage Model with Real Business Cycle
seyed fakhr aldin fakhrhoseiniThe purpose of this paper is to examine the cyclical consequences of Efficiency Wage theory when changing the workers efforts based on Dynamic Real Business Cycle model by using the data collected during 1966-2014. The equations are estimated through oleic approach (199 MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the cyclical consequences of Efficiency Wage theory when changing the workers efforts based on Dynamic Real Business Cycle model by using the data collected during 1966-2014. The equations are estimated through oleic approach (1999) as a space-state model in MATLAB context. The results represent that the increase of efforts variability to efficiency wage consideration causes the variables like production, consumption, labor and employment rate react less to technology shock. According to this model, higher level of workers efforts will lead to the increase of employment rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
841 - Evaluation of The Effect of Increasing Oil World Price on PPI and CPI in Iran by Using Input-output Approach
M. S. M. M. Pourmehr Abstract The crude oil and its products as main resources of the production have main role in the setup of the world countries economy. So, the change of oil price has great impact on the production and consumption costs, and then changes goods and services pri More Abstract The crude oil and its products as main resources of the production have main role in the setup of the world countries economy. So, the change of oil price has great impact on the production and consumption costs, and then changes goods and services prices. This paper investigates the effects of oil world price changes through imports price index on goods price and domestic services indices by using VAR models and the data of the years 1980-2014 via input-output table of the year 2006 in Iran. The results obtained upon three scenarios (10, 20 and 30 percent of oil world price increase indicate that, PPI will rise 11%, 21.8%, 32.4% and CPI 9.3%, 18.5%, 27.4% in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
842 - Identification of Industrial Investment Priorities in Iran with Emphasis on Value-Added Growth
Mehdi Rezaee Khalil Heidari Parisa YaghobiThe purpose of this paper is to identify the priorities of investment in manufacturing activities in Iran, which would lead to more value-added growth. To do it, the production function of 92 manufacturing activities of the country at the level of the four-digit ISIC co MoreThe purpose of this paper is to identify the priorities of investment in manufacturing activities in Iran, which would lead to more value-added growth. To do it, the production function of 92 manufacturing activities of the country at the level of the four-digit ISIC code estimated by the data panel method in econometrics for the period 1996-2013. Then by calculating the elasticity of the production to the capital level in these industries and the effect of the capital changes on the value-added of them, the prioritizing has been done. The results show that industrial mining sectors and their downstream manufacturing activities in Iran would create more value-added via one unit investment than other manufacturing activities. These activities are important for the country, because they process the country's mineral products and convert them into more value-added products, and the findings of this paper emphasize the importance of the investing in these industries. Based on the results, it is recommended that investment should be targeted in industrial mining sectors and their downstream manufacturing activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
843 - Designing an Optimal Resource Allocation Model in Iran's Banking System
ali asghar movahed asghar abolhasani mohamad hosin porkazemi yeghane mosavi jahromiThe aim of this paper is to model allocation of resources based on a stochastic dynamic optimization model in the banking system of Iran. To this end, using the bank level data by the Euler-Marviam simulation method, simulation of resource allocation model and optimal a MoreThe aim of this paper is to model allocation of resources based on a stochastic dynamic optimization model in the banking system of Iran. To this end, using the bank level data by the Euler-Marviam simulation method, simulation of resource allocation model and optimal allocation time Resources were obtained numerically over the course of the 24-month period. The results showed that important variables such as expected rate of profit, profit risk and fluctuation of each type of facility have a significant impact on their share. Also, the findings show that whatever the expected profit of the facility increases and the risk and fluctuation of it decreases, it will account for more share of the various types of facilities. Based on the results, the specialized entry of banks to participatory facilities and increase their share is proposed to increase profitability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
844 - The Effects of Mining Sector and Mining Industries Development on Government Revenue and Income of Households in Iran
davoud behboudi mohammad mehdi barghi oskoee Robab Mohammadi khaneghahiAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and socia MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and social accounting matrix (SAM) for Iran for year 1390 is used. The results showed that increasing in mining sector investment and improving its total factor productivity positively affected government revenue and income of households in both urban and rural groups. The results also reveal that the development in the mining sector in Iran has the least effect on the income of rural households and the most effect on income of urban households. Based on the results, it is necessary for policymakers to adopt policies to increase investment and improve the total factor productivity of the mining sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
845 - The Effective Factors on Iran's Tea Supply (Case Study: Gilan Province)
Mahsa Lobabi Mirghavami shahriar nessabian saeed yazdaniThe purpose of this paper is estimation of the effective factors on tea supply in Gilan province by using time series data during 1981-2011 in the form of nerlove model. According to the results, explanatory variables of the model could describe 97 percent of dependent MoreThe purpose of this paper is estimation of the effective factors on tea supply in Gilan province by using time series data during 1981-2011 in the form of nerlove model. According to the results, explanatory variables of the model could describe 97 percent of dependent variable (product supply) changes. The results show that the guaranteed price index of green tea leaf with elasticity 0.81 has more sensitive. In addition, tea supply with a lag and having elasticity 0.60, as well as, technology with elasticity 0.14 are the most effective factors on tea supply. Due to the elasticity coefficient of tea imports and the amount of rainfall, which are -0.024 and 0.029 respectively, these two variables did not affect the tea supply significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
846 - Investigating the Economic and Welfare Effects of the Water Market: A Positive Mathematical Programming Model Approach
fatemeh esmaelnia balagatabi ahmad sarlak hadi ghaffariIn this study, the aim is to identify the economic and welfare effects of forming the water market in the Varamin region. Changes in the area under aquaculture, gross profit in two situations (water market and lack of water market) during 2011-2016 were calculated and c MoreIn this study, the aim is to identify the economic and welfare effects of forming the water market in the Varamin region. Changes in the area under aquaculture, gross profit in two situations (water market and lack of water market) during 2011-2016 were calculated and compared using GAMS software and positive mathematical programming model. The results show that the establishment of the water market would have a positive and incremental effect on the gross profit of farmers in the region. Also, Cultivation of crops such as wheat, rice, barley, cucumber and potatoes, tomatoes and garlic has been more profitable and more crops can be planted. Based on the results, it is suggested that the government provide private-sector participation through investment and financial incentives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
847 - Impact of Fiscal Policy Shocks on Cyclical and Structural Budget Balance in OPEC Member Countries
marzieh dindarrostami Shamsollah Shirinbakhsh Zahra AfshariAbstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of fiscal policy shocks on the actual, cyclical and structural budget balance in OPEC countries during the period 1980-2015. For this purpose, by separating the budget balance into two cyclical and structural MoreAbstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of fiscal policy shocks on the actual, cyclical and structural budget balance in OPEC countries during the period 1980-2015. For this purpose, by separating the budget balance into two cyclical and structural variables, using the Panel Structural Vector Auto Regression approach, which it presented in Pedroni (2013), as well as separation structural shocks into two common and idiosyncratic shocks among OPEC countries, the effect of fiscal policy is examine. Regarding the results, the effect of expenditures fiscal policy on the actual and structural budget has been positive and the effect of tax policy has been negative in theory. Based on the results, the need to pay attention to automatic stabilization and the use of monetary policy to deal with economic problems, rather than applying discretionary fiscal policy, are advisable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
848 - The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Competitiveness: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries of USA, U.K & Canada
somaye azami mojtaba almasi afsaneh golmohammadiThis study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K & Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simult MoreThis study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K & Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simultaneous equations, and considering interoperability among market elements.Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures (PACE) and environmental innovations are substitute variables for environmental regulations and competitiveness subsequently. The results show that increased industries expenditure to reduce emissions significantly increases their innovations and this proves Weak Porter Hypothesis (WPH) indicating positive impact of environmental regulation on competitiveness of the industries. Therefore, environmental regulations promote not only environmental quality, but also improve the industries competitiveness. The results, also, confirm the view that environmental policies are a win-win strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
849 - Analysis of Home Market Effect: with Emphasis on Foreign Trade behavior Iran’s Manufacturing Sector
ali falahati mojtaba almasi yahya goliAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the home market effect hypothesis on Iran's industry. Accordingly, International Standard Industry Classification (ISIC) two‐digit data of the Iranian industry sector and five major trading partners from 2001 to 2014 MoreAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the home market effect hypothesis on Iran's industry. Accordingly, International Standard Industry Classification (ISIC) two‐digit data of the Iranian industry sector and five major trading partners from 2001 to 2014 and the general equilibrium model with the assumption of incomplete competition have been used. The estimation results showed that the home market effect on the total industry has been confirmed. The results also showed that home market effect was positive in 17 out of 21 studied sectors. Therefore, the expansion of domestic demand in various industrial sectors with protectionism of competitiveness along with the strengthening of intra-industry trade with similar demand structure countries can provide a platform for better penetration in international markets and lead to sustainable growth of industrial exports in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
850 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of Research Activities in Islamic Azad University Branches by Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
naghi shoja mohammad hosein darvish motevaliAbstract Given that the mission of Research Department of all universities and research institutions is to write and edit the research activities and develop or produce new sciences and change it into new technology, the evaluation of their research performance is ver MoreAbstract Given that the mission of Research Department of all universities and research institutions is to write and edit the research activities and develop or produce new sciences and change it into new technology, the evaluation of their research performance is very important. In this paper, the performance of the research department in selected branches of Islamic Azad University is measured and compared in 3 periods during 2010-2013 by using without input model of DEA. So, 5 important research indicators are determined and considered based on DEMATEL technique. The Performance of the branches are calculated by a without input model of DEA and GAMS software and then ranked by Anderson-Peterson ranking method. During the first period, 4 branches including Takestan, Karaj, Firouzkouh and Varamin are efficient. During the second period, 5 branches Parand, Takestan, Roudehen, Karaj and Firouzkouh are efficient and at last, 4 branches are highly efficient during third period, naming Parand, Takestan, Qazvin and Firouzkouh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
851 - Optimal Budget Modeling for Technical and Vocational Training Organization
zarir negintaji akbar zamanzadehAbstract Technical and Vocational Training Organization considers the improvement and promotion of financial resource efficiency as one of the main strategies to implement a comprehensive system of skills and technology across the country. Therefore, the identification MoreAbstract Technical and Vocational Training Organization considers the improvement and promotion of financial resource efficiency as one of the main strategies to implement a comprehensive system of skills and technology across the country. Therefore, the identification of influential factors in the financial resource allocation is very crucial for policy makers and managers in the organization. This is the main objective of this research. Statistical society includes all provincial departments of vocational training used in this study during 2012-2013. The methodology is based on Panel Data.The results represent allocating financial resource to vocational and technical training centers in provinces should consider five influential variables, namely unemployment, educational commitment, number of instructors and staffs, and finally, number of workshops. This means that the allocation of financial resources in provinces must be done according to the coefficients %15, %26, %30, %28 and %4 respectively, based on unemployment rate, responsible training hours, number of instructors, number of administrative staffs and number of workshops. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
852 - Study of Relationship between Food Security with Urban Population and Development Plans in Iran
jalal salemThe purpose of this study is investigating the food security among the Iranian's urban households and effective factors involved for the period of 1983 to 2011. For this purpose, time series pattern used for evaluating the effective factors. The results showed that duri MoreThe purpose of this study is investigating the food security among the Iranian's urban households and effective factors involved for the period of 1983 to 2011. For this purpose, time series pattern used for evaluating the effective factors. The results showed that during the period the food security of urban households had an increasing trend. Despite the enhancement of food security among urban households, 5.1 percent of the urban population received less than necessary calorie level in 2011. The effect of the percentage of urban population on urban households' food security index has been negative, although not significant at an appropriate level. The lag variable of aggregate food security index changes on growth of aggregate food security index in the next year will be negative, so that increasing in one unit growth of food security index in one year; its growth will be decreased by 0.008 units in the next year. According to the results, the index stability and keeping its increasing trend should be considered as a priority in the future development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
853 - The Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Health Economics
saeedeh karimzadegan parvaneh salatinAbstract The main objective of this paper is to analysis the impact of Information & Communication Technology)ICT( on the health economics among the selected middle-income countries. The results of fixed effects andGeneralized Method of Moments (GMM) models i MoreAbstract The main objective of this paper is to analysis the impact of Information & Communication Technology)ICT( on the health economics among the selected middle-income countries. The results of fixed effects andGeneralized Method of Moments (GMM) models in the period of 2000-2015 imply that; Mobile cellular subscriptions and the internet have significant and positive effects on the Health expenditure, in private sector among selected countries. If the Mobile cellular subscriptions and internet increased by one percent, Health expenditure in private will be increased 0.136928 & 0.032519 percent in average respectively. Based on the results, it is recommended that appropriate application of modern technologies should be culturalized through education for households, and also in schools and universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
854 - Recognizing the Periods of Developing and Collapsing Multi-Price Bubbles in Housing Market: Case Study of Tehran City
Roozbeh Baloonejad noori hamzeh safariAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and collapse of price bubbles of housing market in Tehran by the data of housing rents, land price during 1995:Q1-2014:Q1. Based on the critiques to the common methods of evaluating the price bubbles MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and collapse of price bubbles of housing market in Tehran by the data of housing rents, land price during 1995:Q1-2014:Q1. Based on the critiques to the common methods of evaluating the price bubbles and the possibility of happening more than one bubble in the time period under consideration, in this study, Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey–Fuller is used. By this method, it is possible to determine the development and collapse periods of price bubble in addition to test multiple bubbles,. The results represent that in the period under review, the ratio of price - rent as an indicator of return on assets, has no rational price bubbles. However, by the abruptly and explosively changing in defining the price, there will be a price bubble in housing during 3 periods including 2001:Q1- 2002:Q1, 2004:Q1- 2004:Q2, 2006:Q2- 2007:Q2 and 2006:Q2-2007:Q2 and so in land real prices during 3 periods including 2000:Q2-2001:Q2, 2006:Q2-2007:Q2 and 2012: Q1-2013:Q2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
855 - The Effect of Good Governance on Human Development in Islamic and OECD Countries
S. N. Makiyan M. BibakAbstract Development is one of the most important goals in all countries. So, all countries try to achieve economic freedom, democracy, elimination of poverty and then economic development. Human Development approach considers the people as the real resources of any co MoreAbstract Development is one of the most important goals in all countries. So, all countries try to achieve economic freedom, democracy, elimination of poverty and then economic development. Human Development approach considers the people as the real resources of any country. In this research, it is tried to analyze the impact of good governance on Human Development Index in Islamic selected countries and OECD selected countries during 2005-2012 by using FGLS regression technique. To get the goal, some control variables are also selected for the model. The results represent that, in OECD countries, there is a significant positive relation between good governance and economic freedom and human development. However, in Islamic countries, there is not significant relation between these two variables in human development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
856 - Impact of Technological Progress and Efficiency Changes on the Productivity Growth of Iran Agriculture Sector: Data Envelopment Analysis
mahdi salarieh Amir Mohamadi Nejad Reza MoghaddasiThe aim of this paper is to study the impact of technological progress and efficiency changes on the productivity growth of Iran agriculture sector by separated provinces.So, by using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist model, the impacts of technological and effici MoreThe aim of this paper is to study the impact of technological progress and efficiency changes on the productivity growth of Iran agriculture sector by separated provinces.So, by using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist model, the impacts of technological and efficiency changes during 2005-2014 have been investigated. The results show that efficiency changes on the productivity growth has dominant role and technological changes share is less. The findings, also, showed that the impact of labor changes has a positive impact on productivity growth while capital changes have a negligible impact on the factors of production productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
857 - Analyzing the Effects of Fiscal Decentralization and its Environmental Consequences in Iran Provinces
Azad Khanzadi maryam heidarian Sara MoradiAbstract This study analyzes fiscal decentralization policies and its environmental consequences, during the period 2005-2015. The results of GMM estimation show that revenue decentralization has negative and significant relationship with pollution. Also other variables MoreAbstract This study analyzes fiscal decentralization policies and its environmental consequences, during the period 2005-2015. The results of GMM estimation show that revenue decentralization has negative and significant relationship with pollution. Also other variables results indicate positive relationship between industrialization and energy productivity with pollution. By increasing the relative density of population, pollution is reduced. The results of Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis also indicate rejection of this hypothesis. In addition, presence of multiplication of the neighboring matrix in dependent variable causes an increase in pollution in the provincial level and this indicates the spatial environmental effects in the country's provinces. It is suggested that local governments determine their own financial resources, in this case it can be targeted and based on new revenue resources such as green economy, it can define businesses that which they reduce pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
858 - Impact of Misery Index on Health Spending in Iran
abolfazl shahabadi mahya Ghorbani GolparvarHealth is one the main indicators of development and investment affecting directly on welfare and economic growth.The most important factors affecting economic growth are the labor, physical capital and human capital.Health is an indicator of human capital leading to an MoreHealth is one the main indicators of development and investment affecting directly on welfare and economic growth.The most important factors affecting economic growth are the labor, physical capital and human capital.Health is an indicator of human capital leading to an increase in labor productivity and thus economic growth.So, health expenditure is introduced an investment in human capital. One of the main challenges in health sector is to identify the factors determining the amount of resources devoted by a country to health care. The misery index is one of these factors.The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of misery index on health expenditure in Iran during 1971 to 2011.The results represent that there is a significant negative relationship between misery index and health expenditures.According to estimations, the government size estimated coefficient, urbanization rate and per capita income have a significant positive effect and education estimated coefficients and income inequality have a significant negative impact on health expenditure in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
859 - Relationship between Capital Structure and Financial Performance by Concentrating on Business Cycles: An analysis of Debt/Stock-nexus Firms
yaser momeni taheri somaye sadeghiThis paper investigates the relationship between capital structure and financial performance for firms listed in Tehran stock market, by concentrate on the macroeconomic condition. In this order, we divided the firms to two groups by considering their financing Patterns MoreThis paper investigates the relationship between capital structure and financial performance for firms listed in Tehran stock market, by concentrate on the macroeconomic condition. In this order, we divided the firms to two groups by considering their financing Patterns, including firms that main share of their financing is through stock (the stock-nexus) and firms that main share of their financing is through debt (the debt-nexus). The GMM results show that capital structure has a negative and significant effect on firm performance. Of course, this negative effect is greater for the debt- nexus firms. Also, the happening of economic recession intensifies the negative effects of capital structure on performance in the debt-nexus firms. It means that at economic recession circumstances, the stock-nexus firms have better performance than the debt- nexus firms. Hence, we suggest that firms should apply more stock in their financing patterns to keep them in facing of economic recession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
860 - Determination of The Price Transmission Mechanism in Shrimp Market of Iran (Application of Bivariate GARCH Model)
ali akbar baghestani reza rahimiAbstract The main objective of this paper is determination of the price transmission mechanism in shrimp market of Iran by using bivariate GARCH model. The monthly data during 1380:1-1394:4 was used. The results indicated that the rate of change in retail prices is part MoreAbstract The main objective of this paper is determination of the price transmission mechanism in shrimp market of Iran by using bivariate GARCH model. The monthly data during 1380:1-1394:4 was used. The results indicated that the rate of change in retail prices is partially causes changes in wholesale prices. So that one unit increase in the retail price index would increase less than one unit (0.2 units) Wholesale Price Index. Therefore, the price transmission in shrimp market is imperfect. The result of Houck method indicated that price transmission in the shrimp market is asymmetric and, speed of transmission in increasing price is more than decreasing prices. Therefore, according to the policy of reforming Shrimp imperfect market, the government must attended to non-price supporting Policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
861 - Impact of Fleet Renovation on the Productivity of Iran’s Road Transportation Industry
farhad khodadad kashi samaneh nourani azad bahareh ghanbari The main purpose of this article is to evaluation the impact of fleet renovation on productivity of Iran’s road transportation industry. To meet this ends the data of the Iranian road transportation and the capital-embodied technical progress g More The main purpose of this article is to evaluation the impact of fleet renovation on productivity of Iran’s road transportation industry. To meet this ends the data of the Iranian road transportation and the capital-embodied technical progress growth model were used during 1353-1393. The results of capital inventory and labor coefficients showed that the return to scale in the Iran’s road transportation was constant. Also, in this sector, new investment and renovation increased moreover the average age of the fleet reduced and it has resulted to the growth rate of qualitative capital and productivity increased. Therefore, in Iran's road transportation, the direct relationship between fleet renovation and productivity is confirmed. So, the use of superior technology equipment and the replacement of fleets by new and advanced fleets are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
862 - The Usefulness of Voluntary Disclosure to Investors' Judgment
mohsen hamidian zohreh hajiha nafise taghizadeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the usefulness of voluntary disclosure based on the macro components of the International Accounting Standards Board and the judgment of investors in the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the usefulness of voluntary disclosure based on the macro components of the International Accounting Standards Board and the judgment of investors in the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011 and 2015. To this end, 127 companies were selected using systematic elimination sampling method and tested using the Mechelli, Cimini and Mazzocchetti model. A checklist to measure the voluntary disclosure of companies with five dimensions of business nature, goals, business strategies, resources, risks and communications, results of company operations and performance measurement criteria was used. The findings show that, in general, voluntary disclosure of the main components of the business model provides a higher value relation than the limited disclosure components. Based on these findings, it is suggested that corporate executives with more attention to these indicators provide more precise conditions for users of financial statements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
863 - Investigating Heckscher-Ohlin Theory in Iran-Germany International Trade: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach
sara pandazmay seyed Abdolmajid Jalaee Mohsen Zayandeh RoodiAbstract The study of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory is crucial for countries seeking comparative advantage, taking into account the production methods and technology of these countries. Iran also needs to develop a model for the production and export of goods, as well as i MoreAbstract The study of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory is crucial for countries seeking comparative advantage, taking into account the production methods and technology of these countries. Iran also needs to develop a model for the production and export of goods, as well as imports of materials and goods, in order to develop and develop its trade relations with Germany. To achieve this, the effect of the relative abundance of labor and capital on the exports of both countries of Iran and Germany is studied in the form of a computable general equilibrium model and the use of the GTAP software. The results of various scenarios show that in the sectors of agriculture, industry and mining, services and oil and gas, which indicate the sectors of oil and non-oil exports in the economy of Iran and Germany, exports of services and industry and mining sectors, respectively, have the greatest effect on economic growth of both Country has Accordingly, it is proposed to accelerate the economic growth in both countries by focusing on strengthening non-oil exports, with emphasis on industrial and service exports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
864 - Real Business Cycles Model with Habits Formation: A Resolution of the Equity Premium Puzzle
Seyed Fakhreddin FakhrhoseiniIn economic literature, habits formation has been succeed in reproducing some of the historical financial information and it can simplify the difficulties pertaining to simulating financial markets variables and business cycles. The aim in this paper is investigating pe MoreIn economic literature, habits formation has been succeed in reproducing some of the historical financial information and it can simplify the difficulties pertaining to simulating financial markets variables and business cycles. The aim in this paper is investigating performance of habits formation while inseparability between consumption and leisure. The data are related to the constant prices in 1383 and annually from 1966 to 2014. So, the variables were been detrended after taking logarithm of the variables by using Hodrick- Prescott filter. The final model equations have been specified around the linearized stabled situation through the Ohlig (1999) approach for linearized stochastic equations, in the form of a space-state model in Matlab programming. The results show that adding habits formation parameter can increase the Sharpe ratio or no risky asset fluctuations and inseparability between consumption and leisure can help explain the equity premium puzzle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
865 - The Persistence of Inflation in Iran: A Fractionally Integrated Approach
hosein amiri aliasghar salem marjaneh beshkhorThe aim of this paper is to analyzing the persistency of inflation in Iran by using a general approach, with the goal of providing a plausible and acceptable explanation. For this, the inflation rate of Iran in period 1937-2016 and on the base of fractionally integrated MoreThe aim of this paper is to analyzing the persistency of inflation in Iran by using a general approach, with the goal of providing a plausible and acceptable explanation. For this, the inflation rate of Iran in period 1937-2016 and on the base of fractionally integrated (FI) approach was modeled and in the later phase inflation memory parameter has been estimated by using classic methods (the Geweke and Porter-Hudak semi parametric method nonlinear least squares, exact maximum likelihood, and a minimum distance estimator) and Bayesian methods. The results of the estimation in both methods show that the inflation rate in Iran is stable. Stability of inflation rates has important implications for policy-making, especially monetary policy, so that due to the impact of economic shocks on inflation, its effects will be last for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to policy makers identify the major sources of distorting inflation, including dependence on oil resources, no attention to the role and function of the reserve fund, the government budget deficit, central bank dependence and the existence of structural problems and consider appropriate approaches in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
866 - Investigating the Effects of Governmental Expenditure Shock on Gross Domestic Product Growth in Iran: ARDL Approach
jafar haghighat nazila moharam joudiThe aim of this paper is investigating the effects of governmental expenditure shock on GDP in Iran’s economy. In order to achieve this aim, at first, the model of effective factors on governmental expenditure has been explained, and governmental expenditure MoreThe aim of this paper is investigating the effects of governmental expenditure shock on GDP in Iran’s economy. In order to achieve this aim, at first, the model of effective factors on governmental expenditure has been explained, and governmental expenditure shock is captured by the model residuals. Then the model of effective factors on GDP is estimated from 1971 to 2014. In estimating the models, autoregressive distributed Lag (ARDL) approach has been used. According to the results, the effect of governmental current expenditure on GDP is not significant. But lagged government expenditure shock has a positive and significant impact on GDP. Error correction term is negative and significant, and indicates that when a shock occurs, 12 percent of short term imbalance is adjusted each period, to reach the long term equilibrium. It is purposed to government not to increase own expenditure, since this can cause an inverse relationship between government expenditure and GDP and it reduces economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
867 - Customers' Credit Risk Evaluation Using LINMAP Analysis (A Case Study on an Iranian Commercial Bank)
Seyed Ali Naji Esfahani Mohammad Ali RastegarAbstract The aim of this paper is evaluation and forecasting of credit risk of the companies that were applied for a loan in a commercial bank in Iran. So, by using cross-section random sampling by having 75% of total data as an in-sample and 25% as out-sample and also MoreAbstract The aim of this paper is evaluation and forecasting of credit risk of the companies that were applied for a loan in a commercial bank in Iran. So, by using cross-section random sampling by having 75% of total data as an in-sample and 25% as out-sample and also by using LINMAP model, financial statements and their performance in the bank were investigated during 1389-1393. The results indicate the efficiency of the method for forecasting credit behavior of the bank's customers. Considering the method advantages including its independence to the companies' financial background and precision in forecasting relative to prevailing methods, it is recommended to use this method as input to researches for banks' credit portfolio management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
868 - Analysis of Individual Features and Behavior Motivations in Charitable Giving; Economic Approach
Seyed hamed Hosseini Mostafa Salimifar seyed saeed malekosadatiThe key objective of this article is the test of the effect of individual characteristics in charity giving. The methodology based on descriptive researches and main tool for gathering data is questionnaire and to analyze the data R software is used. Sample include MoreThe key objective of this article is the test of the effect of individual characteristics in charity giving. The methodology based on descriptive researches and main tool for gathering data is questionnaire and to analyze the data R software is used. Sample include of 389 people, by proportional allocation in Regions in Mashhad.The results show that the women more than men, tend to do charitable behavior. Owners are more than tenants have charity behavior. There is significant relationship between the education background and doing charity activity. Among the income, age and employment with charitable activities is not a significant relationship. Finally, the results of mixed logit model indicate that individual motivations of charity behaviors namely altruism, warm-glow and Conspicuous Increases probability of giving, And the mean of coefficients of these variables are significant and positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
869 - Investigation Industrial Convergence in Iranian Provinces: Spatial Econometrics Approach (SDM)
Sara Masoumzade mehdi shirafkan lamssu Morteza SayareThe aim of present study is to identify the convergence of productivity in the provinces of Iran from 2007 and 2010. In order to evaluate, the researcher used the absolute and conditional beta convergence. With respect to the importance of the neighborhood effect in the MoreThe aim of present study is to identify the convergence of productivity in the provinces of Iran from 2007 and 2010. In order to evaluate, the researcher used the absolute and conditional beta convergence. With respect to the importance of the neighborhood effect in the study, the spatial economy method is used. The result shows that the absolute beta convergence has been approved and this coefficient has the numerical value 0.12.Thiscoefficientisstatistically significant. The conditional convergence coefficient is equal to 0.24, and the coefficient is statistically significant at the 1% level. The control variables in the conditional convergence included industrial diversification, industrial evenness, access to interstate road infrastructure, human capital. Industrial diversification and level of education have negative effect, and industrial evenness positive and access to the road infrastructure have positive effect on productivity convergence. Based on the results of the study it can be suggested that policy- makers and economic planners take more attention to the evenness industry based on the potential of each region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
870 - Separation and Computation of Relative Risk Aversion and Elasticity of Inter Temporal Substitution: Recursive Preferences and Dynamic Programming Approach
reza roshanAbstract The aim of this paper is separation and calculation of the relative risk aversion and elasticity of inter temporal substitution (EIS) by combining the recursive preferences and budget constraint of the consumer. For this mean,at the first, asset portfolio was MoreAbstract The aim of this paper is separation and calculation of the relative risk aversion and elasticity of inter temporal substitution (EIS) by combining the recursive preferences and budget constraint of the consumer. For this mean,at the first, asset portfolio was constituted for Iranian households and by using of the GMM approach and utility function, Euler equations investigated for during the 1357-1393. The results of different models indicate that there is no reciprocal relation between of two parameters and Iranian households tend to stabilize and smooth consumption at different states and times. Based on the results, development of financial markets will be on the agenda of planners, so that small-scale households’ capital can be led through such markets to rebuild the country's infrastructure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
871 - Investigation of Convergence of Income Distribution in Iran`s Provinces
Sara Masoomzadeh mehdi shirafkan lamssu Mojtaba MohamadnejadiAbstract The present study is done to consider convergence in income distribution in Iranian provinces from 1996 to 2014 using convergence methods of Nahar and Inder and checking convergence of each province compared to the country's average Gini coefficient. The result MoreAbstract The present study is done to consider convergence in income distribution in Iranian provinces from 1996 to 2014 using convergence methods of Nahar and Inder and checking convergence of each province compared to the country's average Gini coefficient. The results show that convergence or divergence for Gini coefficient vary from province to province and in more than half of provinces there is no Gini coefficient convergence towards the average. Among the provinces that converge to average, Bushehr has the highest rate of convergence and Golestan province also has the lowest rate of convergence to the average Gini coefficient. In order to achieve the convergence of income distribution among the provinces of the country, politicians are recommended to put in place price adjustment and efficient use of capital on the agenda for divergent provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
872 - The Home Market Effect on Exports and Manufacturing Products in Iran
Rahman Saadat Esmaeil Abounoori Saeed Rasekhi mohammad reza mardaniAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the home market effect in the monopolistic competition market in Iran. The home market effect was investigated in 12 industries based on ISIC two-digit classification published provincially by the Iranian Statistics MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the home market effect in the monopolistic competition market in Iran. The home market effect was investigated in 12 industries based on ISIC two-digit classification published provincially by the Iranian Statistics Center for the period 2001 to 2013. Results show that home market effect exist only in the industry of "production of motor vehicles, trailer and semi-trailer". Therefore, high demand for the products of this industry can lead to exports. In other industries, relatively high demand for the products of these industries in country will generally lead to be a net importer of these goods. Based on the results, investment in the industry, which has the home market effect, is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
873 - The Study of Exchange Rate Dynamics in Iran by Using Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Models
mojtaba asghari ali haghighat masoud nonejad Hashem zareThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of exchange rates and the role of monetary and financial policies. For this purpose, we use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) for a small open economy during the period of 1990-2016. The results show tha MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of exchange rates and the role of monetary and financial policies. For this purpose, we use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) for a small open economy during the period of 1990-2016. The results show that in different scenarios there are signs of Dutch disease as a weakening of the trade sector, the strengthening of the non-trade sector, the increase in prices in the trade sector, the reduction of prices in the commercial sector and the reduction of the real exchange rate. Based on the results, active financial policies are recommended to control exchange rate fluctuations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
874 - The effect 8 weeks resistance training on PTP1B expression in Gastrocnemius muscle, insulin resistance and fasting glucose in type 2 diabetic rats
amin boroomand babisan askari Saqqa Farajtabar Behrestaq Amir TaghipourAbstractBackground and Purpose: This experimental study aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle, glucose and insulin resistance in Wistar male's rats with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: The populat MoreAbstractBackground and Purpose: This experimental study aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle, glucose and insulin resistance in Wistar male's rats with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: The population consisted of all rats, among which 14 were purchased 10-weeks old rats with a 220 ± 20 g weighing. Then, type 2 diabetes induced by 8 weeks high-fat diet + STZ and divided randomly into resistance training and control groups. Then, the resistance rats participated in 8 weeks resistance training for 5 sessions per week. Fasting glucose, serum insulin and PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle of both groups were measured at 48 hours after last exercise and compared between 2 groups by independent T test. Results: The resistance training improved fasting glucose compared with control subjects. Insulin resistance was significantly increased and PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle significantly decreased in resistance group when compared with control subjects. Conclusion: Based on these data, decreased glucose concentration in exercise group can be attributed to decrease PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle in response to resistance training.Keywords: Resistance training, Gastrocnemius muscle, Type 2 diabetes, PTP1B expression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
875 - Investigation of 8 weeks of breathing exercise on pulmonary function in patients with asthma
mitra tajari Iman GhanbariObjectives: Considering the role of regular physical activity on improving lung function at rest, the aim of the present study was the effect of eight weeks of yoga exercises on lung function in people with asthma.Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental study, MoreObjectives: Considering the role of regular physical activity on improving lung function at rest, the aim of the present study was the effect of eight weeks of yoga exercises on lung function in people with asthma.Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental study, 80 patients with asthma, with an average age of 5.40 ± 3.11, were selected purposefully and randomly, and were randomly assigned to two exercise and control groups (each the group of 40 people) were divided. The exercise intervention consisted of eight weeks of yoga exercises with repetition of three sessions per week. Pulmonary function tests included VC and MEF lung volumes, which were evaluated before and after the intervention. The data obtained from the measurement were analyzed by variance analysis using spss 21 software at a significance level of 0.05.Findings: In the pre-test examination, no significant difference was observed between the control and yoga practice groups in VC and MEF volumes. Eight weeks of exercise intervention resulted in significant improvement in VC and MEF volumes (p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively) compared to before exercise. While in the control group, no significant change was observed in any of the measured variables compared to the pre-test.Conclusion: Yoga exercises can improve lung function in patients with asthma by strengthening respiratory muscles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
876 - The effect of swimming training on lung TGF-β levels in pregnant rats exposed to cadmium poisoning
Tahereh Bayani shadmehr mirdar harijani akram Esfahaniniaمقدمه و هدف: فاکتور عامل تغییر دهنده رشد بتا (TGF-β) در کنترل تکثیر، تمایز سلولی و سایر عملکردهای سلولی ریه نقش دارد و دارای اثرضد التهابی در بافت های مختلف از جمله بافت ریوی می باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثر یک دوره برنامه تمرینی شنا بر سطوح TGF-β ریه موش ها Moreمقدمه و هدف: فاکتور عامل تغییر دهنده رشد بتا (TGF-β) در کنترل تکثیر، تمایز سلولی و سایر عملکردهای سلولی ریه نقش دارد و دارای اثرضد التهابی در بافت های مختلف از جمله بافت ریوی می باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثر یک دوره برنامه تمرینی شنا بر سطوح TGF-β ریه موش های باردار در معرض مسمومیت با کادمیوم بود. مواد و روش ها :در این پژوهش تجربی 32 سر موش ماده نژاد ویستار با وزن تقریبی 180-200 گرم پس از دو هفته آشنایی با محیط جدید و استرس ناشی از آب و بارداری به چهار گروه شنا، کادمیوم، کادمیوم - شنا و کنترل تقسیم شدند. برنامه تمرینی شنا از روز اول بارداری شروع و در طی سه هفته به مدت 60 دقیقه در روز ادامه یافت. نمونهگیری از بافت ریه دو روز پس از زایمان انجام شد. غلظت TGF-βبافت ریه با استفاده از روش الایزا (ELISA) تعیین گردید یافته ها: یافته ها نشان دادند که وزن موش های مادر در گروه های کادمیوم، شنا و شنا-کادمیوم کاهش معنی داری داشته است (001/0p ≤). سطح TGF-βریه مادران گروه کادمیوم نسبت به گروه کنترل کاهش معنی دار یافت(05 /0 p ≤). اما TGF-β گروه شنا نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی دار داشت(05 /0 p ≤). نتیجه گیری: پیشنهاد می شود پاسخ مثبت عامل تغییر دهنده رشد بتا به تمرین استقامتی شنای زیر بیشینه در دوران بارداری در بهبود عملکرد مولکولی و سلولی ریه در برابر آلاینده محیطی نظیر کادمیوم مورد توجه قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
877 - Responses of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1ß) and insulin resistance to a long time aerobic activity in middle-aged smokers
Saqqa Farajtabar BehrestaqBackground and Purpose: Solutions such as exercise interventions will be able to reduce blood glucose levels and improve the inflammatory profile in the presence of continued smoking. The present study was conducted with the aim of the response of pro-inflammatory cytok MoreBackground and Purpose: Solutions such as exercise interventions will be able to reduce blood glucose levels and improve the inflammatory profile in the presence of continued smoking. The present study was conducted with the aim of the response of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1ß) and insulin resistance to a long-term aerobic activity in middle-aged smokers.Material and Methods: In this semi experimental study, the study sample consisted of 28 middle-aged men (30 to 45 years old) smokers who participated in the present study in an available manner.The experimental group then participated in an endurance training program three sessions per week for 8 weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, blood samples were taken again to measure the dependent variables as well as anthropometric indices (post-test) and were compared by independent and dependent t-tests.Results: 8 weeks of aerobic training with 3 sessions per week improved the determinants of type 2 diabetes and IL-1ß levels in middle-aged male smokers.Conclusion: 8 weeks of aerobic exercise 3 sessions per week is associated with improved determinants of type 2 diabetes and IL-1B levels in middle-aged male smokers. However, serum IL-6 levels did not change significantly in response to aerobic exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
878 - Optimization of Spindle loading and Tool Wear for CNC Turning Machine by Using Intelligent System
Morteza Sadegh Amalnik -
Open Access Article
879 - Investigating the effect of accounting information complexity on the speed of adjusting the optimal capital structure in Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Hossein mohamadi Sedigheh pendarAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the complexity of accounting information on the speed of adjustment of the optimal capital structure in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, the complexity of accounting informat MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the complexity of accounting information on the speed of adjustment of the optimal capital structure in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, the complexity of accounting information was selected as an independent variable and two criteria of "consolidated financial statements and a variety of products or services" were used to measure it. Also, the rate of adjustment of the optimal capital structure was selected as a dependent variable and the Partial Adjustment Model by Flannery and Rangan (2006) was used to estimate it. The statistical population of this study was all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the statistical sample of the study included 119 companies active in various industries during the years 2012 to 2019. The research method was correlational and to test the hypotheses, the ordinary least squares regression method and panel data and Stata14 software were used. The results indicate that the complexity of accounting information has a negative and significant effect on the speed of adjustment of the optimal capital structure in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In interpreting this result, it can be said that increasing the ambiguity and complexity of accounting information in financial statements will reduce the speed of adjusting the movement of companies towards the optimal capital structure.Keywords: the complexity of accounting information, capital structure, optimal capital structure, adjustment of capital structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
880 - Characteristics of Investors and Financial Risk-Taking in the Capital Market
ahmad Arian TabarAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the risk-taking and characteristics of investors (financial management skills, financial intelligence, wealth) in the capital market. The statistical population of this study is financial analysts and traders in the ca MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the risk-taking and characteristics of investors (financial management skills, financial intelligence, wealth) in the capital market. The statistical population of this study is financial analysts and traders in the capital market of Mashhad and The statistical sample was calculated according to the Cochran's formula and included 190 people. Information about the characteristics of investors was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire based on the Likert scale. Financial risk tolerance is considered as a dependent variable and financial intelligence, wealth, financial management skills are considered as independent variables. To test the hypotheses, multivariate regression method and community mean test (T test) were used. The results show that there is a significant relationship between independent variables and dependent variables, however, the importance of factors with independent variables was not the same for respondents, so that the factor of financial management skills had the highest average. In addition, financial intelligence and wealth are associated with financial risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
881 - The effect of reducing corporate tax rates on corporate tax revenue based on Ibn Khaldun's tax theory
Khadijeh Khodabakhshi Parijan reza koohiGovernment tax expenditures and revenues are among the tools of fiscal policy in which economic activities are limited and expanded by making changes in them. Changes in taxes change disposable income. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of reducing c MoreGovernment tax expenditures and revenues are among the tools of fiscal policy in which economic activities are limited and expanded by making changes in them. Changes in taxes change disposable income. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of reducing corporate tax rates on corporate tax revenue based on Khaldun tax theory (corporate tax rate and income: application of Khaldun tax theory). The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is methodological in terms of causal (post-event) research. The statistical population of the research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the method of systematic elimination of 127 companies as a research sample in the period between 2012 to 2020 was selected. The results showed that the reduction of corporate tax rates has a significant effect on corporate tax revenue based on Khaldun tax theory.Keywords: tax rate reduction, tax theory, tax revenue, Ibn Haldun Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
882 - Presenting a qualitative model of conditional accounting conservatism and financial flexibility with the aim of reducing company lawsuits in the era of Covid-19 with a critical evaluation method based on multiple data-based theory.
الهام میری mohammad reza abdoli maryam shahri Farhad DehdarAbstractThe Legal claims of companies have increased during the Covid-19 era and have caused disruptions in the accounting system of companies. The most important reason for conducting this research is to provide a qualitative model of conditional accounting conservatis MoreAbstractThe Legal claims of companies have increased during the Covid-19 era and have caused disruptions in the accounting system of companies. The most important reason for conducting this research is to provide a qualitative model of conditional accounting conservatism and financial flexibility with the aim of reducing the legal claims of the company during the outbreak of Corona. The research method was carried out using qualitative mixed methodology (critical evaluation method based on Multi Grounded Theory) in MAXQDA software. Financial flexibility has participated in the corona pandemic with the aim of reducing lawsuits in order to be able to identify its components, effective factors and consequences. The studied population of this research can be experts and specialists working in companies admitted to the stock exchange and expert professors in the fields of accounting, auditing, economics, financial engineering and financial management. The results of the research show that the components of "accounting conditional conservatism with the functional status approach"; "accounting conditional conservatism with the ideal significance approach"; "company legal claims with the approach "Performance status"; "Company lawsuits with the ideal importance approach"; "Financial resilience with the functional status approach" and "Financial resilience with the ideal importance approach" have an important place in the qualitative model of conditional accounting conservatism and financial flexibility with the aim of reducing lawsuits. Company law in the era of covid-19 with critical evaluation method based on Multi Grounded Theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
883 - Supply Chain Integration and its Impact on Sustainability of Export and Marketing Development in Tourism Industry by Relying on the Role of Agencies (A Study in Tabriz Travel Agencies)
homa sarvari laleh Hossein Gharehbiglo Behjat AbcharToday, tourism is rapidly expanding as one of the most important and influential sectors in the world economy and countries. The highly competitive environment of the industry compels tourism firms to look for new ways to improve their competitive advantage and effectiv MoreToday, tourism is rapidly expanding as one of the most important and influential sectors in the world economy and countries. The highly competitive environment of the industry compels tourism firms to look for new ways to improve their competitive advantage and effective tourism supply chain management is one of the strategies that tourism operators can employ. This article examines "Supply Chain Integration and its Impact on Sustainability of Export Development and Marketing in the Tourism Industry" as a factor to boost tourism production and increase incoming tourists and the importance of revenue generation. The target population of this study is employees of travel agencies in Tabriz using Morgan table and cluster sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The research is a descriptive correlational one and it is applied in terms of purpose. SPSS21 software and regression tests were used to analyze the data. regression tests were used to analyze the data.The results showed that supply chain integration variable can predict 67% dependent variable of export sustainability and 60% dependent variable of marketing in tourism industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
884 - The role of tourism in economic developments (case study of malayer)
pegah farhadian Majid ShamsOn the eve of the third millennium, the tourism industry has given a special place to the economic sector, and plays an active role in enhancing the economic, social and cultural structure of countries, especially in developed countries. Generally, cities are attracted MoreOn the eve of the third millennium, the tourism industry has given a special place to the economic sector, and plays an active role in enhancing the economic, social and cultural structure of countries, especially in developed countries. Generally, cities are attracted by numerous tourist attractions, attracting many tourists. Self-interest is one of the most diverse and most diverse destinations in the world. Leisure, tourism and urban tourism, in particular all other recreational activities, are one of the largest and most extensive spatial and temporal areas of the other. Such as shopping, walking, etc., and, consequently, planning and managing tourism is intrusive and complex, and has led to the special attention of the city administrators themselves. Today, tourism is viewed as an economic phenomenon; the attitudes of labor, its activities and its purpose are considered to be important because cities are the manifestation of economic, political, social, and cultural power and the stimulus of the state.In this descriptive-analytic study, using the SWOT model, explanations of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the urban area of Malayer are presented and the proposed strategies are presented.The findings show that the city of Malayer, as the second city of Hamedan province, is not suitable for urban tourism in spite of having environmental and historic and cultural capabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
885 - Sense of Security in Women Based on Structural Design of Seifiyeh Park
Sonbol Hatami Sara JalaliyanAbstractThe expansion of cities and the growth of populations have led to alteration of urban structures and disturbance of the balance between the urban form and the natural environment which was once the initial bedrock of human settlements. This has been followed by MoreAbstractThe expansion of cities and the growth of populations have led to alteration of urban structures and disturbance of the balance between the urban form and the natural environment which was once the initial bedrock of human settlements. This has been followed by an increase in people’s need for new public and natural places to spend time and relax. In modern cities, parks are constructed to create balance between animate and inanimate urban textures and to provide urban citizens with places to gather and commune with nature.This has sparked a number of studies about these crimes and the possible ways to prevent criminal behaviors in these environments. This study aims to evaluate the security of women in Seifiyeh Park in the Iranian city of Malayer. The methodology of this research is qualitative-quantitative in the form of context analysis and case study. The required data were collected from the statistical population in the study area with the help of questionnaires based on the Cochran formula. The collected data were then analyzed by T-test and regression. The results of this study can help officials protect women against insecurity and aggression in parks and help pave the way for women’s constant presence in these environments without fear of harassment. The goals of this study are evaluation of said park’s design based on the crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) approach, examining its relationship with the amount of security and sense of security and investigation of the relationship between security and women’s participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
886 - Analyzing the Spatial Inequalities of Urban Services Distribution from the Spatial Justice Perspective Case study: Qarchak city
ali abdi bizhan rahmani shohreh tajSpatial justice is one of the topics that has become especially important in recent years among planners and geographers. Since urban public services are the constructs of the physical, social, and spatial nature of the city, its unfairness in its distribution has an ir MoreSpatial justice is one of the topics that has become especially important in recent years among planners and geographers. Since urban public services are the constructs of the physical, social, and spatial nature of the city, its unfairness in its distribution has an irreversible impact on the structure, nature of the city, and the class separation of city neighborhoods and challenges urban management. Jedi has faced. By examining the inequalities in the distribution of services and identifying the spatial pattern of injustice at the city level, one can find out which services are in a more inappropriate situation, and which inequalities are more concentrated in the urban areas through this urban management. By consciously acting on the spatial distribution of public services and social benefits, reduce spatial inequality and improve driving quality. The growing population of Qarchak city is growing and the need for public utilities is increasing. Therefore, the present study, using descriptive-analytical method, using library documents and inference of field findings in the form of questionnaire compilation and distribution, has investigated the status of citizens' services and their distribution in rural areas at the study area. The findings were analyzed using Moran test and Gini method as well as T-test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
887 - Investigating the Role of Government and NGOs on the Development of Modern Tourism Diplomacy in Iran.
kourosh roomiani mahmouAbstract: In the 21th century, tourism has become the most important factor in connecting people to one society and other communities. According to one of the tasks of official diplomacy, one country must convince other countries to send tourists. Studies show that the MoreAbstract: In the 21th century, tourism has become the most important factor in connecting people to one society and other communities. According to one of the tasks of official diplomacy, one country must convince other countries to send tourists. Studies show that the tourism industry and tourism diplomacy as the most profitable industry in the world, due to the political and security view of tourism, the existence of highly centralized government structures has led to low participation of NGOs, so tourism appears to be on the rise. In particular, foreign policy related to tourism in Iran has not received the attention of policymakers and the planning system. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the required data were obtained from a set of diplomacy policies, tourism laws and regulations, and other domestic and foreign surveys and related external sources. And what impact do NGOs in Iran have on the development of tourism diplomacy? The results of the study show that tourism in the current situation where widespread sanctions and a resilient economy is the main issue of the country can be achieved with the participation of government and NGOs at the appropriate level.Keywords: Diplomacy (Tourism), Tourism, NGOs, Local Governments. Department of State . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
888 - Inter- Relationship between Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Intrinsic Motivation, their Willingness to Communicate and their Level of Depression: A Case of Khorasan Razavi
Haniyeh Afzali Hamid Ashraf -
Open Access Article
889 - The Effects of Microplastic Pollution on Aquatic Microorganisms: A review of the sources, fate, and effects
Morteza Azizollahi Aliabadi Seyed Reza Hosseini Doust Maryam MiyanabadiMicroplastics provide an extensive surface for microbial colonization in aquatic ecosystems. The formation of microorganism-microplastic complexes, such as biofilms, maximizes the degradation of organic matter and horizontal gene transfer. microplastic affects the struc MoreMicroplastics provide an extensive surface for microbial colonization in aquatic ecosystems. The formation of microorganism-microplastic complexes, such as biofilms, maximizes the degradation of organic matter and horizontal gene transfer. microplastic affects the structure and function of microbial communities. Dispersal of microplastic is concomitant with that of their associated microorganisms and their mobile genetic elements, including antibiotic resistance genes, islands of pathogenicity, and diverse metabolic pathways. The presence of microplastics in the marine environment poses a great threat to the entire ecosystem and has received much attention lately as the presence has greatly impacted oceans, lakes, seas, rivers, and even the Polar Regions. Also, Coastal and marine areas are constantly under continuous and increasing pressure from the activities of humans. Microorganisms play essential roles in the ecological fate of microplastic pollution, potentially yielding positive and negative effects. This study provides a holistic view of ongoing microplastics and related microbial research, which may be useful for future microplastic biodegradation studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
890 - Evaluation of Damage Index in RC Shear Wall Structures with Intermediate Ductility
Mostafa shekari saman yagmae Hamed torabiAbstract Regarding the seismic hazard potential of Iran region and the damage exerted on the buildings during previous earthquakes, the developments of seismic engineering and vulnerability of buildings should be further taken into account. Due to the increasing use of MoreAbstract Regarding the seismic hazard potential of Iran region and the damage exerted on the buildings during previous earthquakes, the developments of seismic engineering and vulnerability of buildings should be further taken into account. Due to the increasing use of reinforced concrete buildings in Iran, three 6.12.18 stories concrete flexural frames with shear wall system were selected and after designing based on 9th capture of Iranian national codes and the 2800 standard code were simulated via IDARC software with the capability of nonlinear dynamic analysis. After choosing the reliable accelographs adjustment with Iran tectonic conditions the damage estimates of these structures were investigated through performing nonlinear dynamic analysis. Note that the Ang-Park damage index was used as a reliable criteria for investigation of seismic response of reinforced concrete systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
891 - Evaluation of initial imperfection mode shapes and slashing of steel tanks
Ahmad maleki Ali satariThin wall shell structure has low weight and high resistance. The load capacity, buckling behavior and post buckling behavior of steel tanks thin wall, is very sensitive to geometric imperfections. Due to the small wall thickness of the shell structures enabling t MoreThin wall shell structure has low weight and high resistance. The load capacity, buckling behavior and post buckling behavior of steel tanks thin wall, is very sensitive to geometric imperfections. Due to the small wall thickness of the shell structures enabling the creation of any deformation and there is a disturbance on the surface of the wall. Considering the types of errors occurred when build or assembled these structures, are not built these structure, ideally. This imperfections may be in the process of rolling, removable panels, installation or welding arise. Incomplete reports about the negative impact of the effect of welding on the axial bearing capacity. Comprehensive research on the effects of imperfection of initial geometrical shape on the steel tank vibration modes, and its effect on the bearing capacity steel storage tanks that considerable research It's not done. In this research, the actual behavior of cylindrical shells with initial geometric imperfections on mode shapes steel tanks in the pre-buckling and post-buckling. And the effect of initial geometric imperfections on steel tanks slashing been paid. Using finite element software, ABAQUS, and verification of the results of the analysis and nonlinear analysis with experimental results. Been paid. Imperfect geometric shape has changed mods. The effect of these changes on slashing are very small. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
892 - A Study of the (Behavior of the) Isolated Bridges Using Elastomeric Isolaters Located Near the Faults
Rasol Bageri majid bargiyanABSTRACT The present paper is a study of the (Behavior of the) elastomeric bearing isolated bridges located near the faults. The earthquakes near the faults have high frequency and narrow bandwidth. Such characteristics cause the st MoreABSTRACT The present paper is a study of the (Behavior of the) elastomeric bearing isolated bridges located near the faults. The earthquakes near the faults have high frequency and narrow bandwidth. Such characteristics cause the strikingly high energy released due to production acceleration happening at the initial stage of the earthquakes to be imposed on the system. The present research undertakes to study the effects of the forces resulted by such type of earthquakes on the bridges. For this purpose, a three span highway bridge being of 60 meters length, for which were applied three types of lead rubber isolators in pursuant to the regulation envisaged in ASHTO standard, was designed. Using SAP2000, a 10.1 version was designed and the same was modeled in base-isolated and non-isolated modes. Considering the effect of three seismic recorders near the fault along longitudinal and latitudinal directions as well as in (YZ and XZ) directions, a nonlinear time history analysis was performed. The study of the behavior and load shift curves of the lead rubber isolators showed that initial strains and yield strength of such isolators cause significant reduction of base shear and bending moment in the bridge under study. Furthermore, simultaneous considering of the vertical and horizontal component of the earthquake in X and Y directions in the analysis showed increase compress or tension forces in column. These results show the shortcomings of the provisions recommended by, as instance, NEHRP and IBC about the isolated bridges in not considering the vertical effect of the earthquake. Such an effect should be taken into consideration as is the case with the non-isolated bridges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
893 - Study on Behavior of Infilled Composite Steel Frame under Lateral Loading
Hasan PoorMohammad seyedali tabatabayiAbstract In previous earthquakes, the effect of infill in the structures has shown the importance of modeling and evaluating their influences in analyzing and designing the structures. Different modeling methods have been presented up to now in this field. In this rese MoreAbstract In previous earthquakes, the effect of infill in the structures has shown the importance of modeling and evaluating their influences in analyzing and designing the structures. Different modeling methods have been presented up to now in this field. In this research, the effect of infill with various number of stories is investigated by pushover method. The results of this research reveal that the expected behavior of the structures with and without infill differs significantly. Also with increasing the number of stories, values of initial stiffness, periods, shear values and drift in buildings with infill vary basically in comparison with building without infill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
894 - Punching Shear in Fat Slabs and Suitable Methods to Prevent Shear Failure in Slabs
javad ezati arasto ArmaganiABSTRACT In the design of flat plate structures, special attention must be paid to the connection between the slab and the supporting columns. Despite extensive studies and improvement of codes in this subject, also there are problems about eva MoreABSTRACT In the design of flat plate structures, special attention must be paid to the connection between the slab and the supporting columns. Despite extensive studies and improvement of codes in this subject, also there are problems about evaluation of flat slab systems. In this paper punching shear in flat RC slabs is evaluated. Therefore the connections are retrofitted against punching shear, such as studs and column head. It is noted that parametric study is provided by ANSYS software. Finally results of Finite Element Method are evaluated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
895 - Evaluating the seismic performance of steel-sma hybrid Bracing structures
mohammad hooshmand behzad rafezi jafar khalileAlafiIn this study the seismic performance of hybrid braces composed of steel and shaped- memory alloys (SMA). is investigated Six types of hybrid braces were used, constituted by SMA content of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed under El MoreIn this study the seismic performance of hybrid braces composed of steel and shaped- memory alloys (SMA). is investigated Six types of hybrid braces were used, constituted by SMA content of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed under El Centro earthquake records, with the maximum acceleration of 0.6g and 0.9g. Our results showed that the seismic performance, i.e., the amount of energy absorption and residual strain, of steel–SMA hybrid braces depends on the SMA content. The optimal value of SMA content was 20%, as, at this concentration, a hybrid brace can be designed with good seismic performance at a justifiable fabrication cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
896 - Investigation of the Bond - Slip Effect on Cracking of RC Panel Using Lattice Model
Hamide shojaefar Masoud farzamABSTRACT The present paper studiesthree bond-slip models (CEB-FIP, Harajli and Farra) based on thefindings of previous experimental studies in order to investigate the influence of bond-slip on crack spacing and crack propagation in RC MoreABSTRACT The present paper studiesthree bond-slip models (CEB-FIP, Harajli and Farra) based on thefindings of previous experimental studies in order to investigate the influence of bond-slip on crack spacing and crack propagation in RC panel. For this purpose, the RC panel is modeled using a lattice type numerical model in ABAQUS software, in which the cracking process is represented by the damage of the concrete bar elements. The lattice models are proposed based on an improved cracking criterion, which is derived from fracture mechanics principles. Concrete and steel are combined based on a model of the interaction (bond-link) through bond-slip in order to describe the behavior of the composite reinforced concrete material. The results of this analysis showed that the effects of diverse bond-slip models on crack spacing, crack propagation and damage localization are significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
897 - Experimental Evaluation of Ductility and Load Carrying Capacity in Beam-Column Exterior Joints Enhanced with GFRP Subjected to Cyclic Loading
Alireza mardookhpourAbstract An experimental investigation of the behavior of retrofitted FRP wrapped exterior beam-column joints under seismic conditions is presented. Also, the experimental study on exterior beam-column joint of a multistory reinforced concrete building under the seismi MoreAbstract An experimental investigation of the behavior of retrofitted FRP wrapped exterior beam-column joints under seismic conditions is presented. Also, the experimental study on exterior beam-column joint of a multistory reinforced concrete building under the seismic has been analyzed using ANSYS software. Two specimens were cast and tested to failure during the present investigation. One is control specimen test up to 70% of the ultimate load (without FRP), and another specimen test up to 70% of the ultimate load (with one layer of FRP).The results show that an increase about 18% has been obtained by retrofitting with FRP sheets in load carrying capacity. Also an increase about 54% has been obtained by retrofitting with FRP sheets in cumulative ductility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
898 - Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Multi-Perforated Steel Shear Wall Under Cyclic Loading
Ali sahebjam Hossein shokatiABSTRACT Steel Shear Walls are a lateral resistance system in frames that has attracted many researchers’ attention owing to advantages such as appropriate ductility, high stiffness, significant shear strength and energy absorption. Since MoreABSTRACT Steel Shear Walls are a lateral resistance system in frames that has attracted many researchers’ attention owing to advantages such as appropriate ductility, high stiffness, significant shear strength and energy absorption. Since the early 1980s, when key researches on unstiffened Steel Shear Wall (SPSW) were under considerations, researchers were continously trying to improve the performance and efficiency of this system. One of these efforts was the creation of the opening in infill plate. Studies on perforated-SPSW began in the early 1990s by the experiments of Sabouri and Roberts. Recently a perforated-SPSW which having some circular openings was presented and examined by the researchers of Buffalo University. In addition to a system for passing the utility through the infill plate, this kind of opening is useful when a required thinner plate is not available, so it can be possible to substitute a proper multi-perforated Steel Shear Wall with a solid plate. This paper presents results of a research on the effect of multi openings on the performance of SPSW. Beside the experimental investigation a numerical study was conducted using the well-known ABAQUS finite element program was conduvted. Eventually the results of numerical and experimental studies were compared with the Plastic analysis’ conclusion. Results show a good agreement between experimental and numerical hysteresis and envelop curves. Furthermore, the Plastic analysis reduction factors seem to be conservative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
899 - Determining Optimum Number Force Limiting Devices in Improving Collapse Behavior of Double Layer SPACE GRIDS
Mohammad Azizafshar Mohammadreza sheydayi mehdi darvishhashemiAbstract There are two methods of force distribution and ductility improvement for improving collapse behaviour of double-layer space grids. In the method of ductility improvement, by applying strategies like using force limiting devices for preventing buckling of stre MoreAbstract There are two methods of force distribution and ductility improvement for improving collapse behaviour of double-layer space grids. In the method of ductility improvement, by applying strategies like using force limiting devices for preventing buckling of stress device, structure behaviour will change into ductility behaviour, so the impact of the number of force limiting devices in improving double-layer space grids collapse behaviour is effective until ductility and bearing capacity of structure has a considerable increase. In this article, the optimum effect of force limiting devices number in improving double-layer space grids collapse behaviour is considered according to the effectiveness of limiting devices in increasing ductility and bearing capacity of double-layer space grids from their aspect of number. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
900 - Numerical Evaluation of Columns’ Uplift in Bracing Structures
Abozar saleh seyadmehdi zahrayiABSTRACT One of the forces occurring during an earthquake is the tensile force that arise in the columns. This phenomenon is called ‘uplift’. It causes damage in column, base plate and anchor bolts. In the absence of app MoreABSTRACT One of the forces occurring during an earthquake is the tensile force that arise in the columns. This phenomenon is called ‘uplift’. It causes damage in column, base plate and anchor bolts. In the absence of appropriate control it may cause the building to collaps. Knowing the reasons which lead to such phonomenon will clarify the point that such phonmenon needs to be controlled. The present study has tried to offer solutions by which the uplift in columns can bereduced. This study has tried to by offering solutions the uplift in columns is reduced. To do so, the numerical models for two buildings were applied in which the location of the braced were changed and the number of brace columns were increased hoping to reduce the uplift strength. For each building, a separate model was built. In the models the proposed ways to reduce uplift were applied. Both EBF and CBF types of the braces were assessed. The numerical results obtained from the study indicate that using the single brace at the corners of the building, aiming to neutralize the uplift does not seem to be appropriate and that even the existence of an additional intermediate frame braced for further support might be needed. The present study showed that the increase in the number of span bracing in different places (situations) are effective in reducing the uplift more than 50%. Also, CBF in lateral columns and EBF for intermediate columns are better ways to reduce uplift, and that different numerical results according to the location of the column in plane. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
901 - Optimization of Pile Groups Using Genetic Algorithm
Mehdi Jahangirpour Amin sodagar Aliakbare heshmati Hosein salehzadehAbstract Most civil projects applied to heavy vertical and horizontal loads or in lands do not have enough strength against applied load. Despite heavy expenses, it is necessary to use pile. Pile foundations are much more expensive than spread and mat foundations; henc MoreAbstract Most civil projects applied to heavy vertical and horizontal loads or in lands do not have enough strength against applied load. Despite heavy expenses, it is necessary to use pile. Pile foundations are much more expensive than spread and mat foundations; hence, determining number, dimensions and distances should be done with special care so that these parameters are not determined excessively. For optimized design of pile groups, cost analyses based on settlement equations and bearing capacities to determine number, dimensions and piles distances are necessary. In this research, a computer program has been written in MATLAB language, and by using genetic algorithm which can optimize pile groups design. Outputs of this computer program consist of diameter and length of piles, thickness of pile cap, number of piles and their distances in each direction; therefore, this computer program can design an optimized pile group which tackles technical problems while it is the most economical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
902 - Numerical Study of the Position and Dimensions of the Openings on the Seismic Ductility of the Reinforced Concrete Slab - Column Connections Having Flexural Reinforcing and Shear Bolts
Nasibe motazaker mohamadali lotfolahiyaginABSTRACT Concrete slabs are of the main components of the concrete structures. Implementing flat slab is more simple and economic than other ones owing to it’s ease of formatting. Furthermore, the flat MoreABSTRACT Concrete slabs are of the main components of the concrete structures. Implementing flat slab is more simple and economic than other ones owing to it’s ease of formatting. Furthermore, the flat slabs mostly utilized in the buildings with relatively irregular plans of flat slab- column structures. Unfortunately, the typical structures are ready to punching are prone to shear failure, but such shear brittle failure can be controlled by reinforcing the shear. Shear bolts is a shear strengthening method the influence of which on the slabs has been investigated in the present study. In practical situations, it is often necessary to create openings in slab to allow electrical, water or air conditioning ducts to go through floors. The existence of openings and their form along with their dimensions and slab-column connections impact the strength and ductility of the slabs. These specimens were placed under vertical load and cyclic lateral loads. The vertical load for each specimen was kept and cyclic lateral load increased. When the peak tension created, displacement in different points of slab and ductility were compared among different specimens. The analysis results show that shear bolts can increase lateral peak load resisting capacity, the lateral drift capacity at peak load, and also the ductility of the slab-column connections. Shear bolts also change the failure mode of the slab-column connections. Shear bolts capacity of the slab resist the lateral loads increases. The square opening dimensions are smaller better and circular opening more ductility to square opening one with same space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
903 - Evaluation of the Peak Ground Acceleration on Seismic Characteristic of Critical Slice Surface on Embankment dams
Mehdi ShirdelAbstract: Usually, safety of slip surfaces in embankment dams have been evaluated with 2 methods: peak ground acceleration increasing method and stuff resistance decreasing method are 2 main methods for evaluation of critical bound. In this research, peak ground accele MoreAbstract: Usually, safety of slip surfaces in embankment dams have been evaluated with 2 methods: peak ground acceleration increasing method and stuff resistance decreasing method are 2 main methods for evaluation of critical bound. In this research, peak ground acceleration increasing method has been used to evaluate stability safety of slip surfaces. In this method, peak ground acceleration has been increased to receiving critical bounds for parameters in time domain (for example permanent deformation, equal dynamic factor of safety, and minimum dynamic factor of safety). To evaluate the effect of this parameter, Masjed Soleiman dam has been selected for a case study. 10 Finite Element model of Masjed Soleiman dam has been constructed considering the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for the body of the dam. The 2 earthquake records have been applied horizontally to the bedrock as the input for dynamic analysis without any change in frequency content. Results show that, in critical sliding surface on downstream, with increasing of peak ground acceleration, equal dynamic factor of safety decreased but changing of minimum dynamic factor of safety and permanent deformation have meaningful process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
904 - Evaluation and reliability performance determination of double- curved concrete dam (Karun 4)
peyman shademan mehdi amriThis paper seeks to design and shape a method for analyzing the functional reliability of the double-arch concrete dam. The quasi-stimulation was used to analyze the characteristics of possible concrete dam under seismic loading random stimulation is calculated. Meanwhi MoreThis paper seeks to design and shape a method for analyzing the functional reliability of the double-arch concrete dam. The quasi-stimulation was used to analyze the characteristics of possible concrete dam under seismic loading random stimulation is calculated. Meanwhile, response surface methodology based on the weighted regression method, combined with the reliability, performance calculated double-arch concrete. Finally, according to data from a random sample, was considered to be the convergence and stability of this method validation and analysis. Karun 4 earthquake-prone area of high seismic risk areas and the risks of earthquakes in this area is high. Keywords: concrete dam; random times, reliability function; quasi-stimulation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
905 - Determining the Optimum Position of Tuned Mass Damper with the Aim of Improving the Seismic Behavior of the Structures
Ahmad maleki mehdi Asadpour rasoul kodayadiABSTRACT The present paper attempts at investigating the position of tuned mass dampers in controlling the seismic behavior of the structures. Three buildings of 3, 7 and 15 stories with various natural periods, were designed acco MoreABSTRACT The present paper attempts at investigating the position of tuned mass dampers in controlling the seismic behavior of the structures. Three buildings of 3, 7 and 15 stories with various natural periods, were designed according to the allowed stress design method employing the ETABS. Designed sections and tuned mass dampers were modeled in opensees finite element analysis software, and finally subjected to several accelerograms. After conducting a number of dynamic analyses with various combinations of tuned mass dampers on the roof plan, the results were compared to other combinations of tuned mass damper location aiming to reduce the seismic response of the buildings. Optimum positions were selected according to the drift reduction criterion of the stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
906 - The Reverse Design of Beams and Networks to Provide Strength and Simultaneous Deformation
Nobakht Bakhtiyari Hassan mosavi aslemirAbstract This paper presents a new method for the analysis and design of beams and networks. In this method, both the strength and stiffness of the beams as well as the condition of the beam column simultaneously provides the stability condition. Through an examp MoreAbstract This paper presents a new method for the analysis and design of beams and networks. In this method, both the strength and stiffness of the beams as well as the condition of the beam column simultaneously provides the stability condition. Through an example and comparison with available analyses, the efficiency of the method is shown. It can be seen that as a quick, economical and easy method, this method can be used for the analysis and design of beams and columns with different boundary conditions, and other structures including frames and continuous beams. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
907 - A Framework for Identifying and Analyzing Drivers Affecting the Futures of Cryptocurrency FinTechs in Iran with Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy Dematel
Mohammad Hasan Maleki Mohammad Javad Zare Bahnamiri Iman Dadashi -
Open Access Article
908 - Design and validation of the conceptual model of the quality of digital library services in the National Archives and Library of Iran
fattaneh Torkashvand safiyeh tahmasebi limooni Aliasghar RazaviThe objective of the present study is to design and validate the conceptual model of. This is an applied, exploratory mixed research. The statistical population of the study is all members of the Scientific Board of the National Library and Archives of Iran with 27 peop MoreThe objective of the present study is to design and validate the conceptual model of. This is an applied, exploratory mixed research. The statistical population of the study is all members of the Scientific Board of the National Library and Archives of Iran with 27 people in the Delphi method and 500,060 users of the Digital Library Hall throughout the Iran in the statistical inferencesection. Statistical samples were selected based on a census in the Delphi sectionand by the convenience method in the statistical inference section. A questionnaire was used to collect data whose validity was confirmed by construct validity method, factor loadingand Cronbach's alpha reliability. Descriptive tests including mean and standard deviation, Bartlett's test, factor analysis, and path analysis were used to analyze the research data using the SPSS and Amos statistical software. Based on the research findings, the quality of services in digital libraries can be classified into four main factors: internal factor, external factor, third factor, and the quality of output services. These four factors can be a good measure of the quality of services in digital libraries. Utilizing the final framework of the present study can help digital libraries achieve the expected quality level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
909 - Phenomenological analysis of the lived experiences of professors and students of virtual education in the Iranian higher education system
Mina KarimiAbstract The present study uses a qualitative and phenomenological approach to analyze the lived experiences of students and professors of the challenges of virtual education in the Iranian higher education system. Participants in the study included 25 students in diffe MoreAbstract The present study uses a qualitative and phenomenological approach to analyze the lived experiences of students and professors of the challenges of virtual education in the Iranian higher education system. Participants in the study included 25 students in different undergraduate fields and 15 faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Khodabandeh Branch with different educational orientations who had at least five years of teaching experience and were selected using purposive sampling method. Semi-structured individual interview method was used to collect data to reach theoretical saturation. The obtained data were analyzed using thematic coding method and the findings were organized in the form of open, axial and selected codes. Findings from the lived experiences of students and professors were identified in 3 main themes (advantages of using e-learning, problems of using e-learning and finally providing suggestions for improving and upgrading these trainings) and 6 sub-themes) (Economic, educational, health, temporal, cultural and technological). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
910 - ranking the factors that determine the neccesity of electronic citizen in the curriculum of the first high school
maryam fotouhinia kambiz poushaneh ali akbar khosravi babadiAbstract The purpose of the research was the ranking of the effective factors on the studying of the electronic citizen in educational method ,The research method is applied and for the research method, it is a descriptive survey. In this research, all professors of the MoreAbstract The purpose of the research was the ranking of the effective factors on the studying of the electronic citizen in educational method ,The research method is applied and for the research method, it is a descriptive survey. In this research, all professors of the seminary and the university in the field of educational sciences from the statistical community are studied. According to the method performed, the minimum sample is 5 people and the maximum sample is 10 people, of which 10 people were selected. In this study, the data collection tool is the AHP questionnaire created by the researcher and interviewed by experts. The results of this study show that the factor of inventive and critical thinking in the first rank and then the factor of productivity in the second rank and the factor of digital literacy in the third rank and the quality factor of the educational system in the fourth rank and the factor of effective communication in the fifth rank of importance. The most important role is played by the educational institution in educating people, especially the education of useful citizens. By training an electronic citizen, you can prevent many costs, waste of energy and opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
911 - Explanation of retention rates based on the types of student interaction in the e-learning context
ّFatemeh Narenji Sani zeinab mostafavi ahmad keykhah rahim ebeadiThe aim of this study was to explain the retention rate based on the types of students ' interaction in e-learning.The current research is descriptive and applied in terms of purpose and population of this study is composed of all engineering students of Mehr Albo MoreThe aim of this study was to explain the retention rate based on the types of students ' interaction in e-learning.The current research is descriptive and applied in terms of purpose and population of this study is composed of all engineering students of Mehr Alborz Institute of Higher Education who were selected according to Cochran Formula 232 for sample.The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed after the experts ' survey and its reliability was estimated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86. The results showed that the highest retention rate was related to IT engineering (0.86 %) Moreover, the lowest retention rate was related to e-commerce Engineering (0.18%). In general, the rate of retention at the Mehr Alborz Higher Education Institute was 0.72%.. The results showed that the highest and lowest retention rates were related to ICT-Information Systems Management and E-Commerce Engineering respectively and among the various interactions in this context, student interaction with assistants was of the highest importance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
912 - The relationship family functioning and social network addication with regard to the mediating role of emotional self-regulation in adolescents
najmeh ghafoori abbas haghayeghThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family functioning and social network addication with regard to the mediating role of emotional self-regulation in adolescents in Isfahan. This is a descriptive correlational study Accordingly, the po MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family functioning and social network addication with regard to the mediating role of emotional self-regulation in adolescents in Isfahan. This is a descriptive correlational study Accordingly, the population of this study included all adolescents in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2018-19, Which were selected by stratified random sampling method based on gender of 300 students (boys and girls). To collect the research data, the Epstein, Baldwin & Bishop family function questionnaire (1983) With a reliability coefficient of 0.71, the Hoffman & Kashdan Self-Regulation Questionnaire (2010) With a reliability coefficient of 0.81 and Haghayegh and etal Social Networking Questionnaire (2016) With a reliability coefficient of 0.84 and And content validation with expert approval were used. Data were analyzed using structural equation analysis and AMOS software. The results of path analysis showed that there is only direct path between -0.64 and -0.32 between total family functioning on emotional self-regulation and social network dependency. But the overall effect of family functioning on social network dependency was 0.37, of which 0.17 had a direct effect and 0.20had an indirect effect and mediated role emotional self-regulation.Family functioning, Social network dependency, Emotional self-regulation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
913 - Meta-analysis of the effect of virtual networks and professional development )Case study of student-teachers of Farhangian University of Hamadan)
zohreh roghanian fatemeh moradiThe purpose of this study is to meta-analyze the research conducted on the effect of social networks on the professional development of students of Farhangian University of Hamadan. The method of this research is meta-analysis. Statistical community, all articles in sci MoreThe purpose of this study is to meta-analyze the research conducted on the effect of social networks on the professional development of students of Farhangian University of Hamadan. The method of this research is meta-analysis. Statistical community, all articles in scientific databases, Civilica; Normagz, S.I.D., humanities and articles indexed in journals, between 1300-1400, which were selected from among the works done 34 and after studies, 21 studies were selected due to having the necessary information. . In order to collect the required data, no diffusion bias, heterogeneity, effect size were investigated. Sensitivity and effect size were evaluated using CMA software. The results showed that the size of the virtual network effect is at three levels: high, medium and low. The highest effect size (0.597 and 0.562) is the average effect size (0.329,0.393,0.422) and the lowest effect size (0.195,0.148). Accordingly, there is a significant relationship between virtual networks and the development of the student-teacher profession. And this confirms the impact of virtual networks on the development of student-teacher careers in universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
914 - Factors affecting interactions in e-learning environments (study of meta-synthesis)
javad pourkarimi zohreh alimardaniThe aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting interactions in e-learning environment, which has been identified as the most important vital element in the learning process from the perspective of different theorists' theories. Sandlossi and Barroso (Sandel MoreThe aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting interactions in e-learning environment, which has been identified as the most important vital element in the learning process from the perspective of different theorists' theories. Sandlossi and Barroso (Sandelowski & Barroso, 2007) have been collected. In this study, after designing the research question, systematic search based on keywords related to e-learning and interactions during the years (2010-2020 as well as 2009-2010) in Iranian and foreign databases including civilica, SID, springer, magiran, Proquest, Elsevier, Google.Scholar was reviewed. After performing 7 steps of meta-synthesis method and reviewing 30 articles out of 106 found articles, 5 main components and 35 sub-components can be cited as factors affecting interactions in e-learning environment. Accordingly, the main components of factors affecting interactions in the e-learning environment include: 1. Technological factors (technology in education, quality of digital tools, telecommunication infrastructure) 2. Individual factors (motivation, attitude, commitment and order) 3. Educational factors (feedback) , Number of class members, teaching method, class participation) 4. Scientific factors (content fit, lesson plan, topic and content mastery) 5. Management factors (process and structure leadership, monitoring the performance of e-learning courses). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
915 - Investigating the effect of interdisciplinary courses in the virtual education system on knowledge production in cyberspace among students of Farhangian University
akram hafezi narges miranisargaziThe general purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interdisciplinary courses in the virtual education system on knowledge production in cyberspace among students of Farhangian University. The present research is in terms of applied purpose and is in the MoreThe general purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interdisciplinary courses in the virtual education system on knowledge production in cyberspace among students of Farhangian University. The present research is in terms of applied purpose and is in the category of quasi-experimental research with experimental and control groups along with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population includes all students of Farhangian University of Tehran. First, by using random sampling method among students of different fields and sections of Farhangian University in a simple random way and using online computer software, 40 people as a sample in the academic year 1401-1400 in Farhangian University of Tehran They were studying, they were elected. Research data collection tools include a researcher-made questionnaire to assess the impact of interdisciplinary courses. After data collection, data analysis was performed using spss25 software and analysis of covariance. Analysis results; It is indicated that interdisciplinary virtual education courses affect the production of knowledge in cyberspace among students of Farhangian University in terms of content integration, school and individual integration, integration of skills and processes, and integrationism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
916 - Opportunities and Threats of Virtual Learning in the Corona Pandemic Era: A Phenomenological Study
zetnab azizi hosein hosein nejadFollowing the outbreak of the Covid virus 19 and the implementation of the social distancing plan, virtual school education continued to operate. This study investigates the opportunities and threats of e-learning during the corona pandemic. This study was conducted wit MoreFollowing the outbreak of the Covid virus 19 and the implementation of the social distancing plan, virtual school education continued to operate. This study investigates the opportunities and threats of e-learning during the corona pandemic. This study was conducted within the framework of a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. In this method, in-depth interviews were used to collect information. ض ض ض ض Participants were 20 students and teachers of vocational schools in Kalat city, which was based on the criteria of targeted stratified sampling and sampling continued until saturation. To analyze the findings, the method of summarizing the content of the interview text was used. The findings of this study include four themes and 19 sub-themes: 1- Common problems between students and teachers (6 sub-themes) 2- Problems specific to students (5 sub-themes) 3- Problems specific to teachers in virtual education (3 below Theme) 4- Benefits of e-learning (5 sub-themes). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
917 - Effect of lemon grass extract on shelf life and quality properties of minced beef during stored at 4°C
Mahnaz Hashemiravan Mehrdad Karimi majd Ali Reza Shahab LavasaniAbstract The use of natural extracts, are suitable as a source of antioxidants, to improve the quality of beef is increasing. In this study, extracts of lemon grass after the preparation and evaluation and formulation of Beef with MBC and inhibitory concentrations of 2 MoreAbstract The use of natural extracts, are suitable as a source of antioxidants, to improve the quality of beef is increasing. In this study, extracts of lemon grass after the preparation and evaluation and formulation of Beef with MBC and inhibitory concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 ppm concentrations of MIC and MBC on days zero, 10th, 20th and 30th maintenance was evaluated. Properties were evaluated total count of microorganisms, Escherichia coli population count, pH, sensory analysis (taste, texture, chewiness and overall acceptability), colorimetry (index of brightness, red, yellow), the moisture percentage of total volatile nitrogen the results showed that by increasing the use of lemon grass extract microbial index and total volatile nitrogen significantly reduced during storage. But indicators of brightness and reduce redness and yellowness index is also significantly reduced. Significantly increase the moisture content and the characteristics of taste and texture, chewiness and also features in amounts of 500 ppm lemon grass were prpoposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
918 - Investigating effect of pH and concentration of strawberry juice on the viability of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum
Tahereh Berimavandi Vajiheh Fadaei NoghaniIn this studyresearch, probiotic strawberry juice was produced using probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum and four factors brix (9,11,13), pH (3,4), time (0,7,14,21,28) and bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum) were stu MoreIn this studyresearch, probiotic strawberry juice was produced using probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum and four factors brix (9,11,13), pH (3,4), time (0,7,14,21,28) and bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum) were studied using factorial design in a completely randomized factorial design; and some physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, vitamin C and soluble solids) and probiotic bacterial population of probiotic strawberry juice were measured. The result showed that during storage time, pH, vitamin C, total soluble solids and bacterial population decreased (p<0.05) and acidity increased (p<0.05). With increasing the brix, acidity, soluble solids and bacterial population increased (p<0.05) and vitamin C decreased (p<0.05). With increasing pH, Vitamin C and bacterial population increased (p<0.05) and acidity decreased (p<0.05). The results showed Lactobacillus casei was higher; also, the highest viability of probiotic bacteria in pH = 4, brix= 13 and storage time zero was observed. Keywords: Strawberry, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, probiotic juice Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
919 - The Iraqi Kurdistan Developments and its Impact of the National Security of Islamic Republic of Iran
asghar bayat null null null nullAbstract: The Iraqi Kurdistan region is one of the important regions of the Middle East due its unique geopolitics. This region after the fall of Saddam (2003) and the formation of autonomous government have witnessed several events and developments which have had thei MoreAbstract: The Iraqi Kurdistan region is one of the important regions of the Middle East due its unique geopolitics. This region after the fall of Saddam (2003) and the formation of autonomous government have witnessed several events and developments which have had their impact on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present article has paid attention to Iraqi Kurdistan developments for two reasons. First due to presence and activities of regional and extra-regional powers in Iraqi Kurdistan after the fall of Saddam, second the spread and strengthening the Kurdish nationalism in Kurdish residing regions of Iran. The consequences of these events are the expansion of the ethnic demands and expectation of Iranian Kurds from the central government and the possibility of disintegration from Iranian central government with foreign backing. Therefore, the present article by futures studies method wants to answer the question as to “what are the impacts of Iraqi Kurdistan developments on security of the Islamic Republic of Iran?” The hypothesis is that the Iraqi Kurdistan developments particularly the presence of regional powers there and in areas near Iranian borders and the presence of Kurdish groups who are against Iran can provide a disfavor able ground for measures against the national security of Iran. Eventually in this regard four scenarios have been suggested for future of this issue in the Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
920 - Multi-aspect System of Power of Islamic Republic of Iran in Lebanon
Masoud JaafarinejadAbstract: With the increase of Iranian influence in Lebanon after the Islamic revolution it is necessary to examine the intelligent power of Islamic Republic of Iran in Lebanon. The issue of intelligent power which consists of soft and hard power has gained importance MoreAbstract: With the increase of Iranian influence in Lebanon after the Islamic revolution it is necessary to examine the intelligent power of Islamic Republic of Iran in Lebanon. The issue of intelligent power which consists of soft and hard power has gained importance in present day world. In this regard Iran’s soft power in Lebanon has been materialized in the form of intelligent power. The present paper by a descriptive-analytical method and by the help of library sources deals with the above issue. The underlying hypothesis is that the soft power of Islamic Republic of Iran in Lebanon has turned into intelligent power due to presence of Hezbollah in real battle field and participation in parliamentary process in political scene of Lebanon. The question raised by the paper is “what is the impact of intelligent power of Islamic Republic of Iran on Lebanon Hezbollah and Shiites?” The finding of the study shows that the intelligent power of Islamic Republic of Iran has helped the Hezbollah to gain important victory in both sensitive parliamentary and battle field struggle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
921 - The Reflection of the Roots of Iran and the United States Conflict in International Arena from the Viewpoint of American Media Diplomacy (The Case Study: The Movie 300, the Rise of an Empire)
Bashir Esmaeili Seyed Hassan Malaekeh Alidad KeymasiAbstract: In recent decade Hollywood cinema is increasingly has paid attention to producing films and serials with the political contents relating to Iran. The set of movies called “300” is trying to exclusively deal with the difference of political thought MoreAbstract: In recent decade Hollywood cinema is increasingly has paid attention to producing films and serials with the political contents relating to Iran. The set of movies called “300” is trying to exclusively deal with the difference of political thought of ancient Iran and ancient Greece. Meanwhile the movie 300 tries to simulate the confrontation of ancient Iranian thinking and Greece thinking with the present confrontation of Islamic Republic of Iran thought and the United States. The article first examines the principle of the thinking projected in the movie “300: the Rise of an Empire” and then explains the basis of the contending thought. The hypothesis of the article is that, the movie “300” wants to infuse this point that the political foundation of thinking of East and West had been different form the ancient time and the political elevation of West against the political obstruction and despotism of the East had been continuing ever since. Therefore, the conflict between Iran and the United States in international scene is a confrontation between freedom and democracy and despotism which has their roots in ancient time. The methodology used in the paper is a mix of Van Dyke’s discourse and Roland Barthes analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
922 - Security Strategies of China against Geopolitical and Geostrategic Actions of the United States
Mohsen ZamaniAbstract: The relations between China and the United States may be the most complex and the most controversial relations among the big powers. These relations are affected by numerous variables and in many cases have been opposite and unpredictable. China is a represent MoreAbstract: The relations between China and the United States may be the most complex and the most controversial relations among the big powers. These relations are affected by numerous variables and in many cases have been opposite and unpredictable. China is a representative of the newly emerged powers and the United States is the representative of traditional powers. They have been considered as two rival and conflicting powers in world policies of the twenty first century. These complicated relations and China's emerging as a world power and the consequent repercussion of it is important in international system. Understanding the security strategies of these two countries in geostrategic and geopolitical region of the world will guide us about future prospect of international system. The present article tries to use an analytical model that is a moderation of the model of structural realism of Kenneth Waltz and raises this question that "what is China's security strategy against the geopolitical movements of the United States in geostrategic areas?" It is seen that China's security strategy is having four behavioral models of hard and soft balance, hard trail and soft trail which is based on relative strength, relative security and relative ideology. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical based on library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
923 - Development of the Concept of Global Governance in International Relations
Sajjad HeidaryfardAbstract: The concept of global governance has become more prevalent and its meaning has been more complicated by the passage of time. While there is a perception that there should be some flexibility in the use of concepts in both theoretical and practical aspects beca MoreAbstract: The concept of global governance has become more prevalent and its meaning has been more complicated by the passage of time. While there is a perception that there should be some flexibility in the use of concepts in both theoretical and practical aspects because they are desirable and unavoidable yet it felt that there is conceptual disarray which hinders more fruitful discussions and the expansion of coherent theories of global governance. A more careful use of the term global governance is necessary to achieve the goal of theorizing it. Therefore the question is "whether we can treat global governance as a theory (let alone a dominant theory)?" The present article does not seek to clarify the concept but to reveal ambiguities around it. In this direction the discussion is divided into three parts: first the concept of global governance (definitions), second contending perspectives on global governance and the third empirical problems (global governance as a situation). The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-explanatory by using library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
924 - Takfiri Salafism in the Middle East in the Third Millennium and the Islamic Republic of Iran
hosein nasirzadeh Mahnaz GoodarziAbstract: In the third millennium especially after 11 September 2001 events and the uprising which later happened from 2011 in North Africa and the Middle East, the world has witnessed the increasing expansion of Salafi-Takfiri groups and gaining power of extremist reli MoreAbstract: In the third millennium especially after 11 September 2001 events and the uprising which later happened from 2011 in North Africa and the Middle East, the world has witnessed the increasing expansion of Salafi-Takfiri groups and gaining power of extremist religious groups in the Middle East. The Salafi-Takfiri groups with their ideological backing are a threat to the world and the Islamic Republic of Iran particularly that Iran is located in frontline of these groups. The present paper wants to answer this question that "what have been the consequences of the rise of these Salafi_Takfiri groups for Islamic Republic of Iran? The finding of the study shows that the Salafi-takfiri groups as a factor of security threat, instability and disorder for the Middle East region and challenge to Iran on the other hand have provided some significant opportunities in certain aspects. The Methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and the collection of data is from library sources and documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
925 - Scenarios for the future of relations of Iran and Saudi Arabia
roghayeh javidi Gholamreza Behroozi LakAbstract: Interactions and relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers are affecting the regional development and themselves. These interactions are important and one can predict the future trend of these foreign policy directions and formulate desira MoreAbstract: Interactions and relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers are affecting the regional development and themselves. These interactions are important and one can predict the future trend of these foreign policy directions and formulate desirable and timely policies and make appropriate decisions. The present paper wants to use a combination of methodology of scenario writing of James Dytor and second step analysis to predict the trend, events and future scenario of Iran and Saudi Arabia relations in order to have a better planning and policy making. The main question raised by the paper is "what are the future scenario of coming decade of Iran and Saudi Arabia relations?" By understanding the events and the driving force which strengthen the relations and obstacles which impedes the relations one comes to the conclusion that the scenario of straining relations is more probable and the scenario of cooperation is having list possibility. Besides that the scenario of breaking our war or conflict is also probable depending on factors which strengthen the driving force. Therefore, taking into consideration the above scenarios it is necessary that the political leaders in their strategic planning adopt the pattern of cooperation and constructive interaction. They should strengthen the cultural and ideological drivers and encourage the regional countries to further cooperation scenario. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
926 - Explaining and Analysis of the Hydro-politic Disputes in Central Asia Region
Seyed Hadi Zarghani Hadi Azami Reyhaneh SalehabadiAbstract: The borders of many countries of the world are in the shape of waterways and rivers and unlike the land borders river water borders due to their complexity are creating more tension and crisis among the states. Many observers call the twenty first century as t MoreAbstract: The borders of many countries of the world are in the shape of waterways and rivers and unlike the land borders river water borders due to their complexity are creating more tension and crisis among the states. Many observers call the twenty first century as the hydro-politic era. It is due to the fact that shortage of water resources will lead to numerous conflicts and war among different countries. The climate change, occurrence of long period of drought, expansion of development plan in agriculture and industry in border areas, the increase in urban population are among the most important factors leading to intensification of disputes on border rivers. In Central Asia region, the flow of two important rivers of Amu Darya and Syrdarya along with their sub-branches have created several problems and challenges among the five countries region. In fact after the disintegration of Soviet Union the countries of Central Asia region inherited the wrong management regime of the water resources. The present article with a descriptive-analytical method wants to study the hydro-politic disputes of the countries of Amu Darya and Syr Darya basin and attempt to analyze the most important grounds and causes of the intensification of the conflict on common rivers. The finding of the study shows the divergent interest of the countries located on upstream and downstream and improper management of the problem, construction of several dams, climate changes, intervention of the regional and extra-regional powers, are among the important causes of differences on common water resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
927 - China's presence in the Persian Gulf: Political and strategic implications
Majid Bozorgmehri Maryam MirzaeiAbstract: While China pursues economic, industrial and foreign trade development strategy its need for energy source like oil and gas increases. This approach will lead to an increase in import of oil products from different parts of the world particularly the Middle Ea MoreAbstract: While China pursues economic, industrial and foreign trade development strategy its need for energy source like oil and gas increases. This approach will lead to an increase in import of oil products from different parts of the world particularly the Middle East. The reason for China to become more active in Persian Gulf is the need for energy and in this direction it is diluting emphasis on ideology in foreign policy. The question raised by the paper is “what is China's foreign policy is in the Persian Gulf?” How has been China's presence in this strategic region? What is China's policy about the free and unhindered flow of oil in the Persian Gulf? Will it be an inactive policy in conforming to the Western world or it wants to play an active role in region's development in competition with the United States? The underlying hypothesis is that China will be having an extensive presence in relation with its increasing need for oil. This presence will be in the shape of economic and commercial transactions, import of oil and the export of goods and services to the region. It seems that China is not interested in creating a confrontationist and security atmosphere with the United States. The priority of China is the stability of the region in cooperation with the West. The grand strategy of balancing with the United States in Persian Gulf is positive interaction with the United States. In this direction China establishes economic ties with the main actors in the region and creating the sense of dependence in them about the need for good relations with China. In this way China tries to strengthen its position in the region. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and making use of documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
928 - The United States Media policy against Russia: Hollywood and New Cold War and Revival of Russia Phobia
Bashir Esmaeil Seyed Hassan MalaekehAbstract: During the Cold War besides arms and ideological competition between the United States and Soviet Union which was based on balance of power, the United States supremacy in cultural production especially in the form of Hollywood cinema was used as a soft war ag MoreAbstract: During the Cold War besides arms and ideological competition between the United States and Soviet Union which was based on balance of power, the United States supremacy in cultural production especially in the form of Hollywood cinema was used as a soft war against the latter. After the disintegration of Soviet Union, gradually the focus of media war of the United States changed from communism to Islam and the Middle East region. This trend was intensified after September 11, 2001 incidents. A large wave of cultural products was produced with Islam phobia content. Meanwhile by the expansion of the influence of Russia in some regions of the world and formation of a new balance of power and rivalry which some observers interpreted it as new Cold War, the media war of America against Russia has been revived. The main question raised by the article is whether the developments in relations of the United States with Russia have affected media policy of America against Russia?” The finding of the study shows that after some of Russia’s success in strategic places of the world the United States media policy after a period of propaganda against Islamist and the Muslims they are now focusing on Russia phobia policy. The methodology used in the paper is comparative and interpretative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
929 - A Study of the Power Structure in West Asia Region with Emphasis on Five Littoral States of Persian Gulf (Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirate, Kuwait, Oman)
hosein mirzaei mostafa madaniAbstract: For the examination of national power it is necessary to evaluate and calculate different economic, social, political, territorial and cultural factors of a country. Understanding and measurement of the national power of countries for determining their status MoreAbstract: For the examination of national power it is necessary to evaluate and calculate different economic, social, political, territorial and cultural factors of a country. Understanding and measurement of the national power of countries for determining their status and geopolitical weight has been the focus of attention of scientists and political observers. It can be said that there is a direct relation between the national power of a country and their participation in international scene. The purpose of the present paper is to study and evaluate the national power (both hard and soft power) of the five littoral states of Persian Gulf neighboring Iran. They are the United Arab Emirate, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain. The main question raised by the paper is “what is the power structure of these five countries neighboring Iran. The hypothesis is that the national determinants of power of the selected countries of the West Asia region keeps these countries at three levels; namely United Arab Emirate-Qatar, Kuwait-Oman and Bahrain. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical based on library materials. The finding of the study shows that the power structure of the five selected countries places them at three levels of power, in the first level of power is United Arab Emirate and Qatar, and in the second level is Kuwait and Oman and at the third level is Bahrain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
930 - The United Strategy and the Regional Order of the Middle East: From Classic Hegemony to Moderate Hegemony
ali mohammadi zia mohammad sotodeAbstract: The Middle East is a region with significant geostrategic and geopolitical place. This region is having great source of energy and for this reason it has been the focus of attention of extra-regional powers. The United States as the sole big power of the world MoreAbstract: The Middle East is a region with significant geostrategic and geopolitical place. This region is having great source of energy and for this reason it has been the focus of attention of extra-regional powers. The United States as the sole big power of the world has paid special attention to this region and tries to pursue its objectives through different strategies. The present article by a documentary method and referring to documents of national security of the United States wants to know the strategy of the United States within the framework of regional orders. The underlying hypothesis is that the strategy of the United States for creating regional order in the Middle East has undergone change from classic hegemony to moderate hegemony. The finding of the study shows the new strategy of the United States is based on cooperation with the Middle East countries with minimum common interest of them. For this purpose the United States seeks legitimacy and support for the exercise of its power and actions in the region and the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
931 - Cross-Border Gas Pipelines and Energy Security of Islamic Republic Of Iran
Hojjat SalimiAbstract: Nowadays the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in int MoreAbstract: Nowadays the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in international gas trade through pipeline. The purpose of the present paper is to explain the challenges that Iran is facing for providing security of energy through cross border pipelines. The basic point is what are the most important challenges which Iran is facing in natural gas trade through cross border pipelines and what are the solution for managing these challenges? The descriptive-analytical examination of the issue shows that Iran is facing challenges in three sectors. These challenges are the security of supply, demand and transit, but the most important among these three is the security of demand. In the direction of maintaining demand and diversification of it, the suitable solution is the increase in attraction of foreign investment and transfer of technical know-how, readiness to increase supply in emergency situation when the demand suddenly increases and subsiding the international disputes in supply of natural gas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
932 - Critical analysis of the book entitled "Theories of international Relations"
Mohammad Reza Aghareb parastAbstract: “Theories of International Relations” written by Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater is an endeavor for explaining foundation of the theories of IR. and to analyze the principles of each theory. This book is consisted of twelve chapters and tries MoreAbstract: “Theories of International Relations” written by Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater is an endeavor for explaining foundation of the theories of IR. and to analyze the principles of each theory. This book is consisted of twelve chapters and tries to analyze the relations among actors in international relations. Although the philosophical approach of the writers cased ambiguity, and insufficient explanation about the great debates especially the methodological one can be considered as flaws of the book, but great logical order and good explanation about new approaches such as International ethics makes this book a suitable book for understanding theories of international Relations. In fact, the verity of the writers caused different ideas and thoughts to be gathered and analyzed in one masterpieces and a good introduction made it understandable for readers. The book is a comprehensive explanation about different approaches and theories in international relations and can be useful for post graduate students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
933 - The Change of the Japan’s Concept of National Role and Foreign Policy Principles: From a Peaceful State to a Peacekeeping State
Mohammad sadegh babakan Majid Takht-RavanchiAbstract: From the Beginning of the 21st century, Japan is passing through a transition period, a period in which it tries to achieve a new concept of national role. The present article believes that as a consequence of international pressure, changes in domestic leade MoreAbstract: From the Beginning of the 21st century, Japan is passing through a transition period, a period in which it tries to achieve a new concept of national role. The present article believes that as a consequence of international pressure, changes in domestic leadership and social norms and an increasing aspiration for honor in international relations, Japan has been changing its foreign policy measures and its national role conception. The change in Japanese foreign policy demonstrates itself implicitly in Japan’s international peacekeeping acts and the appending new legislation “imposing effective limitations on its armed forces”. The purpose of the present study is to find a concept of the national role that best describes the goals and principles of Japanese foreign policy. The fundamental question of the article would be: what is the main reason of the change in Japan’s foreign policy principles? The underlying hypothesis is that pursuing the path of dependency has been the main factor for the change of Japan's foreign policy and the pressure emanating from dependency has directed Japan towards cosmopolitan path. The finding of the study shows Japan is now facing an uncertainty in its foreign policy and it has to choose between continuing inward looking foreign policy along with high dependency on the United States or internationalist principles as a peacekeeping state with normal defense policies. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical based on library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
934 - The Grounds of Emergence and Growth of Extremism in Central Asia: The Case Study ISIS
mohammadreza majidi یوسف باقریAbstract: One of the Takfiri groups which in recent years has committed violence and extremism in South West Asia is a group called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This group grew up in a context of lack of democracy and citizen's right, political and social un MoreAbstract: One of the Takfiri groups which in recent years has committed violence and extremism in South West Asia is a group called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This group grew up in a context of lack of democracy and citizen's right, political and social unawareness and with the logistic and financial support of regional and extra-regional power could survive for half a decade and put a serious challenge to regional governments in West Asia. ISIS as a group with extremist ideology and with its nature, objectives and a prospect which it draws for itself is a potential threat for Central Asian countries. The present article by applying the theory of confrontation with modernity and the theory of failed state wants to examine the possibility or impossibility of the emergence of ISIS in Central Asia. The authors of the article are of the view that a section of Islamist in Central Asia due to their opposition to modernity may come under the influence of ISIS thinking and this paves the ground for their presence in Central Asia specially that ISIS is leaving Syria and Iraq and they are searching for new places to continue their presence. Nevertheless the existence of authoritarian and relatively stable governments in Central Asia limits the possibility of the presence of this group. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and the data have been collected form library sources and internet sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
935 - The Role of the United States Congress in Imposing of Sanctions against Iran
hossein moradi hossein daheshyarAbstract: The United States political system is based on separation of powers with dividing the power between each branches and the check and balance system oversee the other branches. As result due to this system of check and balance there is always a struggle between MoreAbstract: The United States political system is based on separation of powers with dividing the power between each branches and the check and balance system oversee the other branches. As result due to this system of check and balance there is always a struggle between the president and the Congress in foreign policy matters. Thus each branch under the constitution claims that has the right or power to give its opinion on foreign policy matters. This interference of the role has also shown itself in the case of the United States foreign policy vis-à-vis Iran and each branch particularly the legislative branch tries to exert his views about Iran. The present article by a descriptive and analytical method and by referring to bills approved in the Congress against Iran and also the hearing held about Iran wants to answer this question that what role the United States Congress plays in furtherance of policies about Iran and how it tries to pursue it? The hypothesis is that every time Congress has entered into US foreign policy decision making process, the result has been the adoption of aggressive and stringent decisions about Iran. In fact the Congress has tried to have upper hand over the president in determining the policies against Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
936 - The Expansion of Relations of Iran Southeastern Direction in Post-sanction Era with Emphasis on Chabahar Port
Morad Kavianirad hassan saadatiAbstract: "Realm" is the most important term in political geography or geopolitics and its meaning and function is subject to time and spatial requirement within economic, political, military, cultural and technological variables. Since the disintegration of the Soviet MoreAbstract: "Realm" is the most important term in political geography or geopolitics and its meaning and function is subject to time and spatial requirement within economic, political, military, cultural and technological variables. Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union the geopolitical aspect of relations has given its place to geo-economic aspect. This means the economic function of places have given geopolitical weight. The question raised by the article is the "How will be the expansion of sphere of relations of south east region of Iran in world economic relations in post sanction era?" The underlying hypothesis is that south east of Iran, particularly the Chabahar port has the potential for transit and economic zone and if it is paid attention to in the form of investment and augmentation of its infrastructure it can have a special place for trade and business in global scale. This can be seen from the attention which regional and global powers have paid to it in spite of the existence of some sanction from before. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical by relying on library sources. The finding of the study shows that the increasing needs of India and China for energy and markets with their dynamic economies demand their presence in economically strategic places of the world and in this regard Chabahar port has an important place in geo-economic and geopolitical relations. This has brought a competition between India and China for their presence which the visit of several diplomatic and business delegations shows their seriousness. Their objectives are to invest and exploit the potentials of transit of energy sources, transit to Afghanistan and search for market. The trend shows a better place for Chabahar in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
937 - The Scope and Horizon of the Relations of Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey (2011-2021)
حسین یارمحمدیان Ali Omidi Shahrooz EbrahimiAbstract: The present article first describes the ups and down of relations of Iran and Turkey and it explains how Justice and Development Party’s gradual distancing from secular Kamalist military establishment led to expansion of diplomatic relations between Iran MoreAbstract: The present article first describes the ups and down of relations of Iran and Turkey and it explains how Justice and Development Party’s gradual distancing from secular Kamalist military establishment led to expansion of diplomatic relations between Iran and Turkey after 2002. Then the article focuses its attention on Arab uprising which led to a gulf between Iran and Turkey. The article by a descriptive-analytical method and by making use of the puzzle of security theory raises the question that “ what factors and issues leads to erosion of Iran and Turkey relations and how these factors act in coming future?” The hypothesis is that from geographical aspect both are affected by the fragile political situations in the Middle East and in particular in Iraq and Syria and therefore both the countries want to influence political and security developments in Fertile Crescent of Iraq and Syria. From identity point of view each country wants to expand its own values and ideology and direct the social and political groups related to themselves residing in strategic regions and in this way they want to play an active role in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
938 - Syrian Crisis and Iran's National Security
حسین ربیعی جعفر نقدی سجاد نجفیAbstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can af MoreAbstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can affect the security of Iran. For years Syria has been the gateway for Iran’s presence in the Arab world. The weakening and fall of the position of President Bashar Assad would undermine Iran’s influence in the Arab world. Taking into consideration the above situation, the present article pursues the following objectives: 1. Explaining the strategic importance of Syria for Iran, 2. Explaining the impact of Syrian crisis on national security of Iran in different areas, 3. Explaining Iran’s competition with regional and extra- regional powers in Syria, 4. Explaining the security strategy of Iran vis-à-vis the Syrian crisis. The paper also examines this hypothesis that the national security of Iran will decline with the continuation of Syrian crisis by the threats of regional and extra-regional powers. The paper makes use of the theory of balance of threat to evaluate the hypothesis which can explain the threats to Iran in Syria. The methodology used in the paper is historical, descriptive and analytical. The finding of the study shows that the continuation of Syrian crisis has led to change of balance of threat against Iran and that is why Iran intervened to balance the situation. Therefore Iran’s strategy for ending the crisis in Syria is full-fledged support for Bashar Assad’s regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
939 - The Energy Security Policy of the United States and Geopolitics of Iran’s Energy
عنایت اله یزدانی بهمن ربیعی نیا حسین مهدیانAbstract: The energy relations of Iran and the United States are having a different pattern comparing to energy relations of Iran with other energy consumers of the world. Iran is the second largest country with hydrocarbon reserves and the United States is the biggest MoreAbstract: The energy relations of Iran and the United States are having a different pattern comparing to energy relations of Iran with other energy consumers of the world. Iran is the second largest country with hydrocarbon reserves and the United States is the biggest consumer of energy in the world. The energy relations of both the countries are related to the existing political problems between them and are based on confrontation. At present the most important determinant affecting the energy relation of Iran is political obligations. The strategic place of energy security for national security of both Iran and the United States and Iran’s high vulnerability about the energy relations and an economy mainly based on the sale of oil and the existing political hostility between the two have caused more sensitivity towards each other’s policies. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to examine and analyze the impact of energy policy of the United States on geopolitics of energy of Iran in the contexts of energy sanctions (sale, foreign investment and energy pipelines) and the increase of world production. The place of both the countries in geopolitical structure of world shows this fact that in most cases the actions of the United States is in the direction of limiting the geopolitical place of Iran and Iran’s reaction to the above said policies is to neutralize or reduce the impact of the policies of the United States. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
940 - Confrontation and Competition of Iran and the United States in Afghanistan after 11 September 2001
Morteza Mossadeghi Seifolah FazlinejadAbstract: Afghanistan’s developments are important for Islamic Republic of Iran which is having long borders with that country. The September 11th events and the invasion of the United States to Afghanistan and overthrow of Taliban added to sensitivity and importa MoreAbstract: Afghanistan’s developments are important for Islamic Republic of Iran which is having long borders with that country. The September 11th events and the invasion of the United States to Afghanistan and overthrow of Taliban added to sensitivity and importance of this country. Iran and the United States had common interests in overthrowing Taliban but this periodic understanding was marred after the United States president George Bush Junior declared Iran as “Axis of Evil” in January 2002 and hostility between the two countries further increased. After Obama came into power in 2009, the possibility of military confrontation lowered. The signing of strategic treaty between the United States and Afghanistan added to Iran’s security concern and mutual concern continued and in some stages Iran was accused of helping Taliban. The withdrawal and the departure of American troops provided another opportunity for interaction with Iran. The United States after a decade of unsuccessful intervention in Afghanistan should realize that Iran is a good partner for improving the prospect of peace and stability in Afghanistan. Both the countries have common interests in many issues in Afghanistan including helping Afghan government, fighting smuggling of narcotic drugs, dealing with crisis of Afghan refugees, helping strengthening Afghan security forces and creating suitable atmosphere for national reconciliation but the tensions in relations of Iran and the United States have hindered attaining these objectives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
941 - The Essence of Pilgrimage Diplomacy and Iran's Potentials in this Regard
Mohammad hsan shekhol islami ali shamsabadiAbstract: In today’s globalized world the monopoly of states as the exclusive actors in international relations have finished. One of the effective non-state factors in international scene is religious beliefs and one part of religious beliefs is pilgrimage. The i MoreAbstract: In today’s globalized world the monopoly of states as the exclusive actors in international relations have finished. One of the effective non-state factors in international scene is religious beliefs and one part of religious beliefs is pilgrimage. The impact of pilgrimage on international environment leads us to the phenomenon of “pilgrimage diplomacy”. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library and media sources offer a new and proper definition of pilgrimage diplomacy. The question raised by the article is “how Iran can use the potentials of pilgrimage diplomacy for furtherance of its soft power?” The Underlying hypothesis is that the pilgrimage diplomacy can be used as an effective and efficient instrument for influencing public opinion of Islamic world and also the countries of the region. The article examines the relation of politics and pilgrimage diplomacy and Iran’s potentials in this regard. The article is of the view that with the increasing importance of public diplomacy and influencing public opinion of peoples of the world pilgrimage diplomacy can act as an important factor in furtherance of foreign policy goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
942 - Future Studies of the Middle East over the Next Three Decades; Analysis of the Trends of Fight against Terrorism at the International Level
محمدعلی بصیری زهرا آقامحمدیAbstract: The Middle East is one of the most important regions of the world that has been affected by terrorism as one of the most serious security threats for the future of the region. Although the states in the region have adopted different strategies to fight his phe MoreAbstract: The Middle East is one of the most important regions of the world that has been affected by terrorism as one of the most serious security threats for the future of the region. Although the states in the region have adopted different strategies to fight his phenomenon yet these strategies have not been able to effectively resolve the problem in the region and at the international level. The present article takes the help of English school theory of international relations and wants to answer this question as to what desirable and probable trend will exist in future for dealing with terrorism at the international level? The finding of the study shows that a scenario with characteristic like the solidarity of international community in fight against terrorism, more serious leadership of the United Nations, commitment to human rights while fighting against terrorism, formation of a coherent operational strategy, accepting the jurisdiction of International Punitive Court for punishing the agents of terrorist acts and strengthening equality and justice, will be the most favorable and probable outlook for fight against terrorism in the international arena in coming three decades. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the threats coming from terrorism and the opportunities for fighting against it with coming three decades with the cooperation of international community under the leadership of the United Nations. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and futures studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
943 - Analysis of the Role of Justice and Development’s Party Leaders in Turkey’s Strategic Actions in Internal Politics and Foreign policy
null null hossein arabian Alireza AghahosseiniAbstract: With the coming into power of the Justice and Development Party in 2002, Turkey has pursued different and paradoxical policies in internal and external affairs. The present article wants to study these changes in policy orientation and their relations with Jus MoreAbstract: With the coming into power of the Justice and Development Party in 2002, Turkey has pursued different and paradoxical policies in internal and external affairs. The present article wants to study these changes in policy orientation and their relations with Justice and Development Party leaders thinking. Therefore the article wants to find out that basically what factors determine the policy orientation of Turkish leaders in strategic spheres like the relation of religion and politics, democracy, economy and new Ottomanism and how these factors affect Turkey's policy decisions? The hypothesis of the article is " the Justice and Development Party wants to keep itself in power and keeps its interests by making using of a tinge of identity in internal and external policies. Hence from the view point of the article the mutual impact of structure and agents in Turkey's political development has led Justice and Development Party leaders in Turkey to follow an interest and identity seeking approach. This approach on the one hand tries to expand Turkish model of governance and on the other hand emphasizes on mutual relations of West and East (Islamic World). The purpose of Turkish leaders is to keep their hold on power. Such attitude has left fundamental impact on Turkish decisions in matters like secularism, liberal economy and Neo-Ottomanism. In addition they have proven to determine today's Turkish policies towards the region. The methodology used in the paper is document analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
944 - Explaining the Relations of Iran and Saudi Arabia within the Framework of Cold War
Nozar Shafiee Farhad GhanbariAbstract: The 1979 Iranian revolution and coming into power of a Islamic Shiite government in Iran brought Iran and Saudi Arabia into an embittered rivalry. The later developments like fall of the Saddam following US led invasion in 2003, the establishment of a Shiite g MoreAbstract: The 1979 Iranian revolution and coming into power of a Islamic Shiite government in Iran brought Iran and Saudi Arabia into an embittered rivalry. The later developments like fall of the Saddam following US led invasion in 2003, the establishment of a Shiite government in Iraq and the Arab uprising in 2011 further confronted Iran and Saudi Arabia. These developments divided the countries of the Middle East region into two groups on the basis of religious ideology. The question raised by the paper is "whether the competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia had led the two into a cold war in the Middle East region? The underlying hypothesis is that the regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia and the efforts of the two for bringing an equilibrium and strategic balance in the region has practically put both the countries in a rivalry situation and cold war. The paper uses descriptive-analytical framework to substantiate the hypothesis. The finding of the study shows that Iran and Saudi Arabia practically are in a state of cold war and the practical finding of the paper and suggestion is that Iran and Saudi Arabia should not close the diplomatic and negotiations channel because in the absence of diplomacy there is possibility that the management of relations may go out of hands of the statesmen and the military commanders may take control of the situation. In that case both the countries will face difficult and unpredictable conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
945 - A Comparison of the Unilateral and Multilateral Approaches of the United States towards the Nuclear Program of Iran
Hamed Ameri Golestani Behroz ShojaeeAbstract: Iran’s nuclear program is one of the major issues in the relationship of Iran and the United States after the Islamic Revolution. The United States different and ambiguous positions towards the nuclear program of Iran have played a significant role in pr MoreAbstract: Iran’s nuclear program is one of the major issues in the relationship of Iran and the United States after the Islamic Revolution. The United States different and ambiguous positions towards the nuclear program of Iran have played a significant role in prolongation and ups and down of the problem. The two approaches of unilateralism and multilateralism are among the most important positions. During George Bush (Junior) presidency, the United States was pursuing unilateralist policies and playing the role of a hegemon. In the last years of Bush administration due to weak policy in the Middle East, it changed into multilateralism. With the arrival of Obama into White House, the United States pursued multilateral policies in various areas including Iranian nuclear program. The outcome of this policy was negotiation with Iran on nuclear program and cooperation with the 5+1 group of countries and a change in Iran’s position. The present article by a comparative approach wants to compare the two approaches of the United States. The main question of the article is “how can we compare the approaches of Bush administration and Obama administration about Iranian nuclear program?” The underlying hypothesis is that the comparison of the policies of the two administrations shows that hegemony and militarism is the indicators of unilateralism and international cooperation and institutionalism are important indicators of multilateralism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
946 - An Alternative Look at the Foundation of IR of Iran's Foreign Relations: Its Strategic Culture during (1979-1989)
Homeira Moshirzadeh Majid KafiAbstract: The present article tries to analyze Iran's strategic culture in the immediate post revolution era i.e. the first decade after the formation of Islamic Republic of Iran, a period which is highly influenced by the late leader of the revolution, Imam Khomeini, MoreAbstract: The present article tries to analyze Iran's strategic culture in the immediate post revolution era i.e. the first decade after the formation of Islamic Republic of Iran, a period which is highly influenced by the late leader of the revolution, Imam Khomeini, as the major decision maker in the country. The authors by a scientific method have drawn a comprehensive picture of the strategic culture of Iran on the basis of Imam Khomeini's perception. The article seeks to discover the main components and features of strategic culture in this period through a study of thirty three speeches of Imam Khomeini. These speeches are analyzed in order to show the cognitive map of Imam Khomeini about important issues. It is assumed that this cognitive map can reveal the connection among various factors that would lead to peace and security. The above cognitive map shows a distinctive approach to the issues of threat and defense. Although components such as emphasis on national power, military strength, national spirit and popular support are more conventional, elements such as the will of God, martyrdom seeking, justice seeking and other related values give this culture a particular distinctiveness. It is argued that distinctiveness can be seen as a model for an Iranian theory of security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
947 - Influential Factors in Russia's Approach to Iran's Nuclear Program; From Bushehr Power Plant to Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
Hadi Zargari ELAHEH KOOLAEEAbstract: Russia has been one of the most influential actors in the technical and political process of Iran's nuclear program but there are no identical views about Russia's viewpoint about Iran's nuclear program. In order to evaluate these views the present article ra MoreAbstract: Russia has been one of the most influential actors in the technical and political process of Iran's nuclear program but there are no identical views about Russia's viewpoint about Iran's nuclear program. In order to evaluate these views the present article raises the question as to what are the factors shaping Russia's technical and political approach and behavior towards Iran's nuclear program? In response to the above question authors propound the hypothesis that Russia's approach can be evaluated within the larger framework of Russia's foreign policy and Russia's global, regional and nuclear role which is influenced by identity discourse of this country. Therefore, Russia's consideration in foreign policy is multi-aspect which include its effort for playing a global, regional role and nuclear doctrine along with international and economic factors in different period of time. Thus the emphasis on only one of these factors leads to reductionism and cannot explain the change in Russia's attitude and behavior. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical by using library sources and conducting interview. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
948 - The Obstacles on the Process of State-building in Iraq
ahmad zarean saeid maadani mohammad bagher tajeddin Abstract: After the fall of Saddam in 2003 Iraqi people formed a new political structure based on democratic principles. In this development the Iraqi Shiites and Kurds played an active role while the Sunnis passively participated. There was an impression that More Abstract: After the fall of Saddam in 2003 Iraqi people formed a new political structure based on democratic principles. In this development the Iraqi Shiites and Kurds played an active role while the Sunnis passively participated. There was an impression that with the fall of one of the biggest dictator in history, Iraqi will experience peace and stability but on the contrary the country plunged into severe political and security crises which disrupted the process of democratic state building and created serious challenge to Iraqi government. The present paper by a heuristic method and by making use of library sources and interview wants to answer this question as to "what are the obstacles on the process of state building in Iraq?" The underlying hypothesis is that the social gap which has been activated due to ethno-religious and tribal habitation of the population in Iraqi geography along with lack of necessary grounds for democratization and outside interference have disrupted the process of state building. The finding of the study besides corroborating the hypothesis shows that the consensus democracy as a model of political system on the one hand leads to social division and on the other hand creates an inefficient political system which is an obstacle on the path of state building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
949 - The Impact of the Characteristics of the Procedure of Periodic Evaluation of Human Rights Council on Promotion of Respect for Human Rights by Governments
Ahmadreza Habibi Ardakani Masoud HematAbstract: With the establishment of Human Rights Council of the United Nations new mechanism took shape within the council to enhance the respect for human rights. One of these mechanisms is Universal Periodic Review (UPR) which evaluates the condition of human rights MoreAbstract: With the establishment of Human Rights Council of the United Nations new mechanism took shape within the council to enhance the respect for human rights. One of these mechanisms is Universal Periodic Review (UPR) which evaluates the condition of human rights of all the countries in period of time of four to four and half years. The aforementioned mechanism is a promotional and supervisory framework based on interaction, dialogue and cooperation by countries which its objective is to strengthen respect for human rights throughout the world. The present article by a descriptive analytical method wants to examine the impact of the mechanism of universal periodic review of the Council of Human Rights of the United Nations on strengthening the human rights among the governments. The hypothesis is that universal periodic review mechanism has led to enhancement of the respect of human rights by the governments. The finding of the study shows that the unique characteristics of the Universal Periodic Review (which cannot be found in other mechanism of the United Nations) such as increasing cooperation among governments, NGOs and international interactions, evaluation of different aspects of human rights issues, the equality of states in investigating human rights and assessment of human rights based on collaboration and interaction, have brought accountability by the governments about human rights issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
950 - The Logic and Worldview of Foreign Policy of Rouhani's Administration
mohammad mahmoodikiaAbstract: With the victory of Hassan Rouhani in Iran’s presidential elections and coming into power the so called moderate movement thinking one can observe a different kind of policies in both domestic and foreign policy fields. In the new policies of Rouhani go MoreAbstract: With the victory of Hassan Rouhani in Iran’s presidential elections and coming into power the so called moderate movement thinking one can observe a different kind of policies in both domestic and foreign policy fields. In the new policies of Rouhani government, one can notice multilateralism, interaction with international community and breaking isolation caused by the United Nations Security Council resolutions. This approach led to a prolong negotiations with 5+1 countries and the conclusion of Joint Comprehensive Program of Action (JCPA) which seemed to open up Iran’s relations with many countries. Besides it seemed that the above agreement could be a good model for solving other issues related to the differences of Iran and the West. The present article argues that the logic behind the policies of Rouhani government is largely influenced by multilateralism. The components of this line of thinking are derived from a particular world view inspired by religious values existing in Iran domestic context and an anti-hegemonic belief of Iran in international scene. The finding of the study shows that the principle and belief of Rouhani government is a foreign policy based on a kind of “anti-hegemonic multilateralism”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
951 - A Comparative Study of the Impact of Developments of Syria and Iraq on Regional Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey
mohammadjavad fathi elham rasooli milad khosravinezhadAbstract: Nowadays regionalism is one of the requirements of active foreign policy. Keeping eyes on the developments in the peripheral region and their specific interest there guides the government to pursue suitable regional policies. Countries try to use their region MoreAbstract: Nowadays regionalism is one of the requirements of active foreign policy. Keeping eyes on the developments in the peripheral region and their specific interest there guides the government to pursue suitable regional policies. Countries try to use their regional role and available opportunities to further their international position. Iran and Turkey as two regional powers and having important place among the Middle East countries are seeking to increase their regional role. The development which started from 2011 in Syria and later in 2013 in Iraq had great impact on regional policies of Iran and Turkey. The question raised by the present article is “what has been the impact of Syria and Iraq on regional policy of Iran and Turkey?” the hypothesis is “ the regional development in the said period have provided common opportunities and challenges for both the country and have strengthen the geopolitical look of Iran and Turkey”. The article has used Copenhagen framework named regional security suite theory and has categorized the opportunities and challenges in three determinants; namely mutual security interdependence, pattern of friendship and enmity and cultural and race affinities. The finding of the study shows that political, ideological and economic opportunities and security, economic challenges have strengthened the regional policy of Iran and Turkey after the said regional developments. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
952 - Evolution in Saudi Arabia's Military Strategy: Backgrounds and Reasons
Nader PourakhondiAbstract: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is more known as an oil exporting state than a military power. Saudi Arabia have always been claiming as the leader of the Arab World and protector of the countries of Saudi Arabia Peninsula but its military force despite spending MoreAbstract: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is more known as an oil exporting state than a military power. Saudi Arabia have always been claiming as the leader of the Arab World and protector of the countries of Saudi Arabia Peninsula but its military force despite spending considerable amount of money does not have the ability for playing a prominent role in Persian Gulf region’s developments but from 2003, especially after Arab Spring events it has improved its military capabilities and interferes in regional developments. The Saudi Arabia military entered Bahrain after the unrest in that country. At present the Saudi Arabia military forces simultaneously participates in two military operations i.e. air attack in Syria along with international coalition and air and land operation against the Houthies in Yemen. The present article wants to examine the reason of Saudi Arabia military doctrine change from defensive to offensive position. The hypothesis is that the changes which have taken place in security environment of Saudi Arabia have led this country to adopt an offensive military doctrine. The present article has used descriptive-analytical method. The finding of the study shows that the purpose of the change in the military strategy of Saudi Arabia is to contain the regional influence of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
953 - The roots of the Iraq geopolitical crisis and the persistence of anti-geopolitical resistance
zohre heidari beni ezatollah ezati mohammadreza hafeznia haydar lotfiAfter founding of a new Iraq in the post-World War I age, geopolitical crises have been the main indicator of political dynamics in the country, which has been featured in the Kurdish anti-geopolitical process over the past decades. In this regard, the aim of this resea MoreAfter founding of a new Iraq in the post-World War I age, geopolitical crises have been the main indicator of political dynamics in the country, which has been featured in the Kurdish anti-geopolitical process over the past decades. In this regard, the aim of this research is answering this fundamental question that, what are the roots of geopolitical crises in Iraq and in particular, anti-geopolitical Kurds, and what factors have contributed to the continuation of this crisis? The findings of this study show that the geopolitics imposed by the great winners of the World War I, especially Britain, in shaping the post-World War I regional order, led to the formation and continuation of the geopolitical crisis in Iraq, and in particular the Kurdish anti-geopolitical resistance. On the other hand, the humanitarian intervention of the Security Council, and in particular the issuance of Security Council resolution 688, and ultimately the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, have led to the opening of the geopolitical blockade and the strengthening of the anti-geopolitical Kurdish resistance in Iraq. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the method of data collection is library and internet resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
954 - Identity factors and conflict in Islamic Republic of Iran - USA relations
Solaiman Almasi ghasem torabi abas SalehyReview: The main question of the research, which was investigated with the aim of identifying and explaining identity factors affecting Iran-US relations, is "what are the causes and identity factors of conflict in Iran-US relations." And in response to the mentioned qu MoreReview: The main question of the research, which was investigated with the aim of identifying and explaining identity factors affecting Iran-US relations, is "what are the causes and identity factors of conflict in Iran-US relations." And in response to the mentioned question, the proposed hypothesis is that the contradiction and opposition in the desire for identity and independence caused by Iran's national and Islamic culture on the one hand and hegemonic with a one-sided view and the liberal attitude of the United States, on the other hand, have caused conflict in the relations between the two countries and created It has made peaceful relations with mutual respect very difficult.This article, using the analytical-comparative method and within the framework of constructivist theory, tried to explore and identify the identity factors of Iran and America, investigate and compare the corresponding and at the same time opposite identity factors of the two countries, and the general result of which is That: this approach has a good capacity to understand the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran vis. a. vis America due to its meaning-oriented approach and attention to norms and identity concepts.Keywords: identity factors, conflict,. identity, Iran, America Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
955 - The Explanation of Reproduction of the Conflict between the I.R, Iran and the United States in West Asia in Post Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action: A Return to Neorealism.
sayed amir jafari enayatollah yazdani mohammad ali basiriAbstract:After the return of conflicting parties about Iran’s nuclear program and 5+1 countries to nuclear negotiations table and the conclusion of international agreement called Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA), it was expected that this peaceful model o MoreAbstract:After the return of conflicting parties about Iran’s nuclear program and 5+1 countries to nuclear negotiations table and the conclusion of international agreement called Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA), it was expected that this peaceful model of settlement of disputes can be used for other conflicting issues. But the post JCPA developments reduced the hope and possibility of applying this model to other disputing issues. Contrary to the views of analysts, Iran has remained on top of security threat recognized by the United States and its traditional allies in the region. Besides that the entrance of extra regional actors in the region has added intensity to counter balancing in the region. Although the neo-realist theory cannot alone offer a correct perception about the developments of the Middle East yet it is having the power to simplify the explanation of events and more realistically predict the future developments. The present article tries to answer the question that “What are the causes of regenerating conflicts between Iran and the United States in post JCPA era?” the neo-realist theory helps us to explain the answer to the above question. The hypothesis is that due to continuation of balance of power in the Middle East, one can see the intensification of security competitions and regeneration of insecurity with the objective of disrupting the present balance of power. The cooperation of Iran with 5+1 countries has not been able to prevent escalation of conflicts in the Middle East. Therefore, it seems that following the model of JCPA for solving other differing regional issues will be having heavy costs for Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
956 - Globalization and Ethnicity problem
Ehsan Shakerikhoee ali mohammadi iravanlu Samad ZahiriThe process of globalization as a change in the spatial organization and cultural-economic relations has affected the various dimensions of human life, and the globalization of the free flow of information, communications and the transformation of interactions and commu MoreThe process of globalization as a change in the spatial organization and cultural-economic relations has affected the various dimensions of human life, and the globalization of the free flow of information, communications and the transformation of interactions and communications from the micro to macro levels has created the challenges and opportunities against the international community. One of the influential areas of globalization is the issue of ethnicity in countries with ethnic diversity like Iran. The purpose of this research is to answer these questions of how globalization has promoted and deepened ethnicity. What are the strategies to minimize the ethnic challenges in Iran? The research results are presented in four sections: 1. weakening national sovereignty; 2. intensifying Political and ethnic tensions; 3. ethnicity in Iran after the Islamic Revolution; and 4. solutions for ethnic and religious convergence in Iran. This article is based on the theoretical framework of the methodology an analytical descriptive with emphasis on the narrative of interaction between the approach of codification and specificity, and the method of data collection is the use of library resources and articles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
957 - Analysis of the Corona crisis in the United States with emphasis on the crisis of legitimacy of the Donald Trump administration
sayed ghasem zamani Ali MohammaddoustThe main issue in this regard has been Trump's policies and approaches to the fight against and control of the coronavirus on the one hand, and the support of various sections and classes of the American society, including medical, economic, and so on. An issue that did MoreThe main issue in this regard has been Trump's policies and approaches to the fight against and control of the coronavirus on the one hand, and the support of various sections and classes of the American society, including medical, economic, and so on. An issue that did not materialize in practice and led to protests from a wide range of people, giving him a broad functional legitimacy for Trump and the neoconservative administration. In this article, the authors attempt to answer the question: what impact the Corona crisis has had on the functioning and legitimacy of the Trump administration, and what is the possible future for the US socio-political system? The authors' hypothesis in this article indicates the intensification of the Trump administration's crisis of legitimacy during the outbreak of the Coronavirus in this country, and the findings of the article show that the use of written descriptive and analytical methods, the use of written and library resources indicate the possible occurrence of three It will be a major consequence for Trump. First; Defeat in the upcoming US presidential election; Second, the deepening of bipolarity in the United States and, ultimately, the emergence of security crises in the United States Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
958 - Expanding France's presence in the Middle East and its impact on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammadreza Movahedi Alireza Rezaei Ghasem TorabiFrance has historically and politically been closely linked to the issues of Southwest Asia. By announcing the US strategy towards the region, France provided a good opportunity as one of the middle powers to expand its relations, and the country is trying to expand its MoreFrance has historically and politically been closely linked to the issues of Southwest Asia. By announcing the US strategy towards the region, France provided a good opportunity as one of the middle powers to expand its relations, and the country is trying to expand its relations in Southwest Asia in line with the major foreign policy goals. The aim is to examine France's political, economic and military relations with the Arab countries, especially the countries bordering the Persian Gulf, which will lead to the expansion of the arms race in the region and, consequently, regional divisions and tensions between the Arab countries and the Islamic Republic of Iran. . In this article, the author states that the continuation of the current situation and the continuation of tensions between the Arab countries and Iran and the strengthening of relations between the Arab governments and France in the long run will increase Iran's passivity and isolation and strengthen security threats in various dimensions. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the required information and data have been prepared based on the library method and filing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
959 - Investigating the Impact of Sociol-Cultural Barriers on Industry Development in Small and Medium Cities of Lorestan Province (with Emphasis on Small and Transformation Industries)
Farshid Garavand Asghar Mohammadi منصور حقیقتیانThis study investigates the impact of social-cultural barriers on industry development in small and medium cities of Lorestan province (with emphasis on small and conversion industries). The method of this survey research is the data collection tool of the questionnair MoreThis study investigates the impact of social-cultural barriers on industry development in small and medium cities of Lorestan province (with emphasis on small and conversion industries). The method of this survey research is the data collection tool of the questionnaire, the statistical population is 12022 people, the sample size is 483 people, the sampling method is available first as a class, then as a quota and finally as a random sample. The theoretical framework is based on the theories of Rosenstein, Ortsley, McClelland, Bourdieu, Coleman, Michael Hashter, Nathan Glaser, David Meyer and Guenon, and the total reliability is 0.7. Findings Based on the results of regression statistical test for each hypothesis, respectively, the variable of migration (-0.537), the existence of ethnic differences (-0.329), the existence of inefficient traditions (-0.151) Lack of incentive to progress (-0.087) have a negative effect on industrial development. Therefore, migration has the greatest effect and lack of motivation for progress has the least effect on industrial development. Also, the reduction of social capital is ineffective in regression weights. So, while confirming the research hypotheses, it is clear that socio-cultural barriers have a negative effect on the development of industry in small and medium cities of Lorestan province (with emphasis on small and conversion industries). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
960 - بکارگیری رویکرد ساختاری – تفسیری جهت طراحی مدل عوامل مؤثر بر خشونت خانگی علیه مردان در جوامع شهری (مطالعه موردی: مردان شهر زنجان)
Manijeh Salimi. Batool AminjafariAbstract The spread of urbanization and population density have far-reaching consequences, one of which is the increase in domestic violence.The primary objective of this study was to develop a sociological model of domestic violence against men, using an exploratory se MoreAbstract The spread of urbanization and population density have far-reaching consequences, one of which is the increase in domestic violence.The primary objective of this study was to develop a sociological model of domestic violence against men, using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach. The statistical population in the first stage included experts in the field of family, among which 25 individuals were selected using purposive non-randomized sampling. The statistical population in the second stage included all men visiting the family counseling centers of Zanjan, among which 250 individuals were selected using convenience sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Using theme analysis, 59 open codes were placed in 7 basic categories. Further, 20 indices were finalized using the fuzzy Delphi method. The content validity of the measurement instruments was confirmed using CVI and CVR indices. Further, the measurement models were investigated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Then, the initial model was designed using the ISM. According to the determined levels and final reachability matrix and after determining the relationships and level of variables, they were illustrated in the form of a model. In the present study, the factors were categorized at three levels. The livelihood problems, as the primary underlying reason, were categorized in the third level. In the end, the relationships between these factors were measured using the path analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
961 - The Effect of Life Expectancy on the Life Skills of Women in the City..
Mehri Ghorbanian mansor haghighatian Seyedali HashemianfarThe present study aims to evaluate the effect of life expectancy on life skills of women heads of households in Isfahan. In terms of criterion target, the research is practical, the quantitative type that has been done by survey method. the statistical population of thi MoreThe present study aims to evaluate the effect of life expectancy on life skills of women heads of households in Isfahan. In terms of criterion target, the research is practical, the quantitative type that has been done by survey method. the statistical population of this study is all the women heads of households in Isfahan. Using SPSS SAMPLE POWER software, the sample size was calculated to be 270 people. And by quota sampling from the Relief Foundation and the Welfare Organization (Behzisti), the respondents were selected and answered the researcher-made questionnaire of life expectancy and life skills with face validity and reliability greater than 0.7. The analysis tool is SPSS & AMOS. Findings show; the average scores of the hope components are: self-reliance (3.90), responsibility (3.55),3self-esteem3 (3.40) optimism (3.37) life satisfaction (3.36) life passion (3.33) which are higher than average. Also, the average of life skills is: individual self-observation (92.989) and social skills (3.34). The results of regression analysis show life expectancy and its components explain 27% of the life skills of women heads of households, and among the elements of hope, self-reliance is able to explain 32% of life skills changes. It can be concluded that planning to empower self-reliant women in the areas of individual, professional, and social decision-making can increase their self-reliance and lead to their personal prosperity and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
962 - An analysis of the relationship between urban rights and the formation of of the psychological capital of positivism (case study: Qaen city/ South Khorasan province)
Morteza Keshavarzi ValdaniNowadays, citizenship has become an essential status for the political and social life of societies and urban rights, as a set of rights and privileges of citizens, which are the responsibility of the government and city management, play a central role in the realizatio MoreNowadays, citizenship has become an essential status for the political and social life of societies and urban rights, as a set of rights and privileges of citizens, which are the responsibility of the government and city management, play a central role in the realization of citizenship and the flourishing of citizens' talents, abilities, beliefs and attitudes. Considering the importance and role of urban rights in the realization of citizenship and improving the ability, attitude and competence of citizens, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role and influence of urban rights on the formation of the psychological capital of positivism in Qaen city. The research method in the present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical and correlational nature, in order to analyze the data, were used numerical mean and Pearson's test in SPSS software. The statistical population of the research also includes the citizens of Qaen (19 to 65 years old), which was determined as a sample size of 384 people based on Cochran's method and access to them is based on a simple random pattern. Also, validity and reliability of variables have been confirmed based on documentary studies and interviews with university professors. The findings of the research show that in the four dimensions of urban rights, i.e. social, political, civil and cultural rights, only the dimension of political rights and among the dimensions of psychological capital of positivity, i.e. self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience, only the dimension of self-efficacy has a favorable situation in Qaen city. Also, the results show that there is a significant relationship between the urban rights variables and the psychological capital of positivism at the 95% confidence level and with the Pearson coefficient of 0.694. Among the aspects of urban rights, social rights and civil rights have had the greatest effect on the formation of psychological capital of positivism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
963 - A meta-analysis of the causes and consequences of slum-dwelling : A review of articles published between 1388-98
Mehran Sohrabzadeh zohreh rezvaniA slum is a physical space that, with respect to multiple dimensions, is at a lower level than the average urban regions of the city. Slum-dwelling has created many problems for the country because it causes a spatial imbalance in the distribution of population. T MoreA slum is a physical space that, with respect to multiple dimensions, is at a lower level than the average urban regions of the city. Slum-dwelling has created many problems for the country because it causes a spatial imbalance in the distribution of population. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer these basic questions: What factors affect slum-dwelling and what are the consequences of it? In order to answer these questions and also to design a model of factors affecting slum-dwelling in Iran during the years 2009-2010, the meta-combined approach has been used, which is a type of qualitative research method and in which the integration of various studies is used to create comprehensive findings. In the present study, the seven-step method of Barroso and Sandlowski has been used and out of 100 articles that were evaluated, 20 articles were chosen for final review. The results showed that the influencing factors were generally divided into two groups of structural factors and non-structural factors, and its consequences and harms can be cultural-social, physical, economic, health and environmental damage, political and psychological damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
964 - تاثیر نوآوری سازمانی از طریق قابلیتهای نوآوری در فرآیند و محصول بر عملکرد شرکتهای تولیدی
حجت سفالچیان فرهنگ حسین علیزاد آبکناری مهدی فدایینوآوری‎ ‎به‎ ‎عنوان‎ ‎عامل‎ ‎مهم‎ ‎و‎ ‎حیاتی‎ ‎برای‎ ‎سازمانها‎ ‎به‎ ‎منظور‎ ‎ایجاد‎ ‎ارزش‎ ‎و‎ ‎مزیت‎ ‎رقابتی‎ ‎پایدار‎ ‎در‎ &lr Moreنوآوری‎ ‎به‎ ‎عنوان‎ ‎عامل‎ ‎مهم‎ ‎و‎ ‎حیاتی‎ ‎برای‎ ‎سازمانها‎ ‎به‎ ‎منظور‎ ‎ایجاد‎ ‎ارزش‎ ‎و‎ ‎مزیت‎ ‎رقابتی‎ ‎پایدار‎ ‎در‎ ‎محیط پیچیده‎ ‎و‎ ‎متغیر‎ ‎امروزی‎ ‎میباشد‎. ‎سازمانها‎ ‎با‎ ‎نوآوری‎ ‎بیشتر،‎ ‎در‎ ‎پاسخ‎ ‎به‎ ‎محیطهای‎ ‎متغیر‎ ‎و‎ ‎ایجاد‎ ‎توسعه قابلیتهای‎ ‎جدیدی‎ ‎که‎ ‎به‎ ‎آنها‎ ‎اجازه‎ ‎دهد‎ ‎به‎ ‎عملکرد‎ ‎بهتری‎ ‎برسند‎ ‎موفقتر‎ ‎خواهند‎ ‎بود. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی تاثیر ‏نوآوری سازمانی از طریق قابلیتهای نوآوری در فرآیند و محصول بر عملکرد شرکتهای تولیدی شهرک صنعتی ‏رشت میباشد. تحقیق حاضر توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه شرکت های ‏شهرک صنعتی رشت(‏n=157‎‏) می باشند و برای نمونهگیری از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده استفاده شده ‏است. در این تحقیق برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از نرمافزار ‏SPSS20‎‏ و ‏warp pls5‎‏ انجام گردیده است. یافته ها ‏نشان داد که رابطه مثبتی بین نوآوری سازمانی با قابلیتهای نوآوری فرآیند وجود دارد و همچنین رابطه مثبتی ‏بین نوآوری سازمانی با عملکرد شرکت به واسطه قابلیتهای نوآوری فرایند وجود داشته است. رابطه مثبتی نیز بین ‏نوآوری محصول با عملکرد شرکت و همچنین رابطه مثبتی بین نوآوری سازمانی با عملکرد شرکت به واسطه ‏قابلیتهای نوآوری محصول مشاهده شد.‏ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
965 - شاخص بهره وری مالم کوئیست با استفاده از مدل تحلیل پوششی داده های دو مرحله ای در بیمارستانهای قلب
علی رضا علینژاد میرپویا میرمظفریبیماران قلبی علائم متعددی را نشان می دهند و اشاره به آنها دشوار است. تحلیل پوشش داده ها ((DEA یک درجه کارایی مقایسه ای برای هر واحد تصمیم گیری (DMU) با چند ورودی و خروجی فراهم می کند. ارزیابی بیمارستان ها یکی از برنامه های کاربردی عمده در DEA است. در این مطالعه، م Moreبیماران قلبی علائم متعددی را نشان می دهند و اشاره به آنها دشوار است. تحلیل پوشش داده ها ((DEA یک درجه کارایی مقایسه ای برای هر واحد تصمیم گیری (DMU) با چند ورودی و خروجی فراهم می کند. ارزیابی بیمارستان ها یکی از برنامه های کاربردی عمده در DEA است. در این مطالعه، مقایسه مدل جمعی با شاخص بهره وری مالم کوئیست (MPI) ورودی محور و خروجی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. MPI برای اندازه گیری رشد بهره وری نسبت به تکنولوژی مرجع محاسبه شده است. در محاسبه رشد MPI دو موضوع اصلی مطرح می شود. چه چیزی به طور کلی به عنوان اثر پیشروی و یا تغییر کارایی فنی (TEC) و اثر "تغییر مرز" یا تغییرات تکنولوژیکی (TC) اشاره می شود. داده ها شامل یک دوره شش ساله از سال 2011 تا 2016 برای 15 بیمارستان قلب محلی است. دو ورودی، یک عامل میانی و دو خروجی در مدل دو مرحلهای انتخاب شده و این عوامل نشان دهنده عملکرد اصلی بیمارستانها است. تبدیل مدل دو مرحله ای به مدل تک مرحله ای معرفی شده است.این مدل برای اصلاح کارایی یک فرآیند دو مرحله ای وجلوگیری از وابستگی به وزنهای مختلف پیشنهادشده است. در نهایت، نتایج نشان داد که میانگین هندسی MPI در کارایی فنی خالص ورودی محور در بیمارستان دهم (2.1517) به عنوان بالاترین عملکرد بیمارستان با بالاترین میزان رشد بهره وری معرفی شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
966 - ارزیابی عملکرد زنجیره تامین تحت مکانیسم سازمان غیر متمرکز
علیرضا علی نژادهدف از این مقاله ارائه یک مدل DEA جدید شبکه برای اندازه گیری کارایی زنجیرهای دو تامین کننده و یک تولید کننده تحت مکانیزم سازمان غیرمتمرکز است. در این مکانیزم، هر بخش از زنجیره تامین تحت تصمیم گیری منحصر به فرد خود را با علاقه خود را کنترل می شود. ما پیشنهاد کردیم که در Moreهدف از این مقاله ارائه یک مدل DEA جدید شبکه برای اندازه گیری کارایی زنجیرهای دو تامین کننده و یک تولید کننده تحت مکانیزم سازمان غیرمتمرکز است. در این مکانیزم، هر بخش از زنجیره تامین تحت تصمیم گیری منحصر به فرد خود را با علاقه خود را کنترل می شود. ما پیشنهاد کردیم که در مقایسه با مدل CCR برای زنجیره تامین تحت مکانیزم سازمان غیر متمرکز، مناسب نیست که ساختار داخلی را نادیده بگیریم و به عنوان یک جعبه سیاه رفتار کنیم، در حالی که بیش از یک تصمیم گیرنده با منافع متفاوت وجود دارد. علاوه بر این، رابطه بین بهره وری زنجیره تامین و بازده تقسیم بررسی شده است. مثال عددی نشان دهنده کاربرد مدل پیشنهادی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
967 - بهینه سازی رویکرد همکاری بخش خصوصی در پروژه های سرمایه گذاری شرکت ملی نفت ایران با رویکرد نظریه بازی
شادی صفری منصور صوفی علیرضا امیرتیموری مهدی فداییهدف از این تحقیق طراحی سناریوهای برگرفته از مدل بازی همکارانه مبتنی بر نظریه بازی برای بررسی پاداش و جریمه مشاهده شده از به اشتراک گذاشتن و یا عدم اشتراک دانش توسط شرکت ها است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل مدیران و خبرگان 10 شرکت زیرمجموعه شرکت ملی نفت ایران می باشد که از این Moreهدف از این تحقیق طراحی سناریوهای برگرفته از مدل بازی همکارانه مبتنی بر نظریه بازی برای بررسی پاداش و جریمه مشاهده شده از به اشتراک گذاشتن و یا عدم اشتراک دانش توسط شرکت ها است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل مدیران و خبرگان 10 شرکت زیرمجموعه شرکت ملی نفت ایران می باشد که از این بین، تعداد 10 مدیر ارشد با روش گلوله برفی برای انجام مقایسات زوجی انتخاب شدند. روش تحقیق بر اساس طبقهبندی کومار،کاربردی، تفسیری، اکتشافی با ماهیت کمی و کیفی است. این مطالعه بر اهمیت به اشتراکگذاری کارآمد دانش به عنوان راهی برای ایجاد همکاری در سرمایه گذاران پورتفوهای شرکت ملی نفت ایران برای رقابت با رقبای خارجی در دوران تحریم تأکید میکند. با مرور نتایج چهار سناریوی حاصل از بازی، مشاهده گردید که پاداش مشاهده شده شرکتها از به اشتراک گذاشتن دانش، وابسته به رفتار ناشی از به اشتراک گذاری دانش توسط سایر شرکت ها می باشد. هر چه قابلیت های سازمان در مؤلفه های تأثیرگذار بر انتقال دانش و نوآوری بالاتر باشد، آنگاه شرکت ها در صورت همکاری، عایدی بیشتری کسب خواهند کرد. آنالیز حساسیت در مورد هزینه های همکاری پروژه ها که به واسطه دشواری اجرای پروژههای مشترک ایجاد می گردد نشان داد که با افزایش هزینه، شرکت ها از استراتژی همکاری به سمت استراتژی تلافی و سپس به سمت استراتژی عدم همکاری سوق پیدا می کنند. در مورد تأثیر وضعیت سرمایه فکری شرکت ها در انتخاب استراتژی همکاری مشاهده گردید شرکت هایی که تصمیم به همکاری دارند، اگر دارای سرمایه فکری بالاتر به واسطه تجربه و توانمندسازی باشند، آنگاه استراتژی بهینه به سمت همکاری تمایل پیدا می کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
968 - The typology of the series of the era of the Prophet (PBUH) until the fifth year AH
Mina Rezaei farinaz hooshyar alireza abtahiThe series refers to battles in the early history of Islam, in which the Prophet (peace be upon him) was absent as a commander and led by them prominent companions to command the battles. With the presence of the Prophet (PBUH) in Medina, his opponents and enemies turne MoreThe series refers to battles in the early history of Islam, in which the Prophet (peace be upon him) was absent as a commander and led by them prominent companions to command the battles. With the presence of the Prophet (PBUH) in Medina, his opponents and enemies turned to direct wars. Therefore, during the first five years of the Prophet's presence in Medina, we have witnessed numerous serials that took place with different goals and approaches. In this study we seek to answer the question "What was the nature of the first to fifth years of the prophetic age?" Reflections on the sources of this period show that the prophets of the era of the Prophet (peace be upon him) had taken different approaches at the time. Some of these battles have had a defensive or offensive approach and some have been propaganda and informational. The purpose of this story is to better understand the geographical environment and the ways of communication around Medina, to acquaint the tribes around the city, and to conclude a defense treaty with some of them to maintain Medina security, to monitor the movements of enemies and to report them to the Prophet on a timely basis ) To counter them, insure commercial means of Quraish and inflict damage on the Quraish economy, conduct military and martial maneuvers to alert Qureshi and declare a strong military presence and eliminate the opposition and clear . Keywords: Islam, Prophet (s), Series Hijra period, Medina. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
969 - Contradiction of political thought of Shiite scholars in relation to Safavid kings (Shah Ismail and Shah Tahmaseb period)
aliashraf hatami naser jadidi alireza abtahiAbstractThe formation of the Safavid state in 907 AH is a turning point in the history of Shiism and a new chapter in the relationship of Shiite scholars with Safavid kings. The present article tries to explore the relations of Shiite scholars with Safavid kings by emph MoreAbstractThe formation of the Safavid state in 907 AH is a turning point in the history of Shiism and a new chapter in the relationship of Shiite scholars with Safavid kings. The present article tries to explore the relations of Shiite scholars with Safavid kings by emphasizing the period of Shah Ismail and Shah Tahmasb Safavid (982-907 AH). The results of the research indicate that the relations of Shiite scholars with Safavid kings in the period under discussion had different aspects from thought to action and had both negative and positive approaches. In connection with this issue, emphasizing the need to establish a government during the absence, theoretical justification for the establishment of the Safavid government, justifying the legitimacy of Shiite governments, especially Safavids, the need to hold Friday prayers, giving gifts to Safavid kings positive approaches and the absence of Friday prayers during the absence, Paying gifts to Safavid kingsAnd the non-holding of Friday prayers in the evening of absence and also the lack of need for political positions to be accepted by the ulema have been the most important negative approaches in the relations of some other Shiite ulema with the Safavid kings in the period in question.And the non-holding of Friday prayers in the evening of absence and also the lack of need for political positions to be accepted by the ulema have been the most important negative approaches in the relations of some other Shiite ulema with the Safavid kings in the period in question. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
970 - Reasons for using and finding surrealistic expressions in five rewritten fantasy stories for children of age group "A".
Sepideh Rajabi The use of imagination in fiction narratives is the main theme of fantasy. Fantasy is an artistic type that uses magic along with supernatural tools in literary works; But over ti More The use of imagination in fiction narratives is the main theme of fantasy. Fantasy is an artistic type that uses magic along with supernatural tools in literary works; But over time, the human mind no longer accepts its traditional and repetitive content; For this reason, fantasy in the story has evolved to adapt to the conditions and surprise the audience, and has become a form of pristine and new imagination. Although fantasy imaginations and its lane patterns are predetermined and clear, along with the evolution of literary schools, surrealist manifestations that lead to imagination with rebellion, breakdowns, and liberation from the law of nature, and their purpose is to repeat, fresh freshness. And reference to the inner dimension and apply the subconscious; It is seen in fantasy stories. The present study, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
971 - Investigate and Compare the Performance of Channel and Low Pressure Polyethylene Pipes for Hydraulic (Case Study: Plain of Shush)
Mahmoud Malekpour Behrooz DahanzadehIran is one of the countries that is weathered in most of its regions with hot, dry and semi-arid weather. According to the average rainfall in the world, which is 860 mm in Iran and 240 mm in Iran, rainfall in Iran is very low.Meanwhile, with the increase and construct MoreIran is one of the countries that is weathered in most of its regions with hot, dry and semi-arid weather. According to the average rainfall in the world, which is 860 mm in Iran and 240 mm in Iran, rainfall in Iran is very low.Meanwhile, with the increase and construction of wells and the abundance of underground water reserves, the surface of these waters has fallen sharply, with increasing population, it is necessary to use modern methods of irrigation for optimal use of aquifers and cemeteries.For this reason, in this study, a case study was carried out in Araez Plain, located in the city of Susa, and compared the implementation of canal and one of the newest methods of irrigation, polyethylene low pressure pipe, using hydraulic, using the basics of design, maps, documents Contract, books, articles, pamphlets, calculations, hydraulic modeling, observations and field visits from the stages of material supply, implementation, duration of implementation.The results showed that due to lower water losses and optimal water use, the speed of operation and ease of implementation, the delivery of water to operators in shorter time, less land plots, and the optimal use of hydraulic hydraulics, polyethylene low pressure pipe Canal is preferable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
972 - Experimental Study of the Effect of Roughness and Broad Crested Weir Height on Discharge Coefficient
Ebrahim Nohani amin mohebizadehIn many water supply and energy projects, such as dams, releasing of a certain flow rate and development of a structure for discharging excessive capacity over a specific time is essential. The structures which are responsible for such task are called weir structure. Su MoreIn many water supply and energy projects, such as dams, releasing of a certain flow rate and development of a structure for discharging excessive capacity over a specific time is essential. The structures which are responsible for such task are called weir structure. Such weirs possess high complexity and it is so important to analyze their hydraulic parameters, especially with the use of physical and hydraulic models. Broad crested weirs are extensive used in water transfer system as a tool for measuring the intensity of the stream and controlling water level, due to their economic-effectiveness during construction. With regard to the abundant applications of broad crested weirs, applying any modification on dimension of the sections of these weirs will make these tools more effective in terms of economic. In the present research, the optimum discharge coefficient of the flow was computed by performing experimental studies on the various models. Moreover, variation of discharge coefficient, Froude Number, Upper water level and other hydraulic parameters were simulated using a physical model of broad crested weirs fabricated in hydraulic laboratory and by applying variations on height of the weirs and installing roughness on crown surface. Totally, 75 tests were performed and the results showed that increase in weir crown surface roughness, the discharge coefficient decreases up to 10 percent. Also, the discharge rate increases up to 22 percent, with increase of weir height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
973 - Spatial distribution verification of ground water (case study: Dezful plain)
Mohammadhosin Esvandzibaei hossein eslamiGroundwater quality assessment and site monitoring of these waters is very important for nitrate pollution. In this regard, the spatial variations of groundwater nitrate were investigated using interpolation methods and mapping of these changes. Made This cross-sectiona MoreGroundwater quality assessment and site monitoring of these waters is very important for nitrate pollution. In this regard, the spatial variations of groundwater nitrate were investigated using interpolation methods and mapping of these changes. Made This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on drinking water sources in villages in Dezful. For this purpose, 20 drinking water wells were used according to the standard method and 80 samples for 4 season were analyzed. The results showed that the circle Kriging method with less error value than inverse distance weighting, spline and nearest neighborhood methods can perform the optimal zoning for the plain. The summer season has the lowest amount of nitrate and winter. Finally, by investigating the zoning map, it was determined that the eastern and central western regions had the highest amount of nitrate and the north of the plain had a desirable nitrate status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
974 - Determining the type of relationship between the erosion and runoff simultaneous threshold with soil physical properties
hamzah saeediyan Hamid reza MoradyThen, sampling of erosion and runoff threshold in 6 points with 3 replicates and in different rainfall intensities of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 mm/min in three land uses of the range, residential area and agricultural lands with the help of the rain simulator was done. In additi MoreThen, sampling of erosion and runoff threshold in 6 points with 3 replicates and in different rainfall intensities of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 mm/min in three land uses of the range, residential area and agricultural lands with the help of the rain simulator was done. In addition, the same number of runoff and erosion threshold samples, sampling of the soil physical properties such as clay, silt, sand, very fine sand and moisture content was done. I The results showed that in Gachsaran Formation and in all three rangeland, agricultural and residential land uses and in all three intensities of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 mm/min, very fine soil sand in eight cases had the opposite relationship and in one case had a direct relationship with the erosion and runoff simultaneous threshold and soil clay had the opposite relationship in two cases and had a direct relationship in seven cases and soil silt had the opposite relationship in four cases and had a direct relationship in five cases. Soil sand in six cases showed the opposite relationship and in two cases showed a direct relationship and in one case did not show a relationship, and soil moisture in seven cases showed an inverse relationship and in two cases showed a direct relationship with erosion and runoff simultaneous threshold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
975 - Investigation of cadmium element changes in different waters affected by Sarcheshmeh copper mine
shahin Aghamirzadeh fatemeh ganjei zadeh rouhani hamzah saeediyan Kamran GanjeizadehConsidering the origin of heavy metals, mines and their extraction and their sewage can play an important role in polluting the environment by these elements. In this study, water pollution in the Shour River, some wells and aqueducts were investigated and changes in ca MoreConsidering the origin of heavy metals, mines and their extraction and their sewage can play an important role in polluting the environment by these elements. In this study, water pollution in the Shour River, some wells and aqueducts were investigated and changes in cadmium element in surface and groundwater of the region were investigated. Then, statistical comparison and preparation of preliminary maps and distribution maps of cadmium contamination were compared in Shour River water, several aqueducts and wells in the watershed of the river were in two seasons of high water and low water. Statistical comparison of river, well and aqueduct water samples was performed in wet and dry seasons using t-test method. The results showed that due to the high amount of cadmium in surface and underground waters of Sarcheshmeh watershed, therefore, not all of these waters are suitable for drinking and considering that cadmium is a toxic, hazardous and carcinogenic metal in the environment, it can pose irreparable risks to human health and even livestock. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
976 - The impact of knowledge management on smart organizations with the mediating role of technology capabilities
Nadi Alizadeh Hossein DadfarThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of knowledge management on smart organizations with the mediating role of technology capabilities. This study was functional in terms of purpose and methodological in terms of survey. The statistical populati MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of knowledge management on smart organizations with the mediating role of technology capabilities. This study was functional in terms of purpose and methodological in terms of survey. The statistical population of the study were all employees of Keshavarzi bank branches in Tehran from which 310 persons were selected by using Cochran formula with limited population through relative stratified sampling. The standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables in the present study. To measure knowledge management, Conrad and Newman (1999) questionnaire, to measure technology capabilities, Panda and Ramantan (1996) and to measure the components of intelligent organization, the questionnaire presented in the study of Najar et al. (2015) were used. Spss and Lisrel softwares were used for data analysis Results of research hypotheses based on structural equation model showed that knowledge management components (knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization) through technology capabilities have a significant impact on smart organization, knowledge storage and knowledge sharing had more effect on the smart organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
977 - Identifying the factors and consequences of cyber loafing with the exploratory factor analysis approach (case study: government organizations of Isfahan city)
Zahra Rahmati Alireza Shirvani Mohammad Reza DalviToday, technological changes have caused the development of knowledge in the field of technology in organizations, and managers need to use computer technology for the progress of the organization. In addition, the Internet has become an essential part of the work and d MoreToday, technological changes have caused the development of knowledge in the field of technology in organizations, and managers need to use computer technology for the progress of the organization. In addition, the Internet has become an essential part of the work and daily life of many people. Spending work time for various non-work activities is called cyber loafing. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors and consequences of cyber loafing. The method of this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, which was done in the qualitative part by using the foundation data method and through interviews with experts, and in the quantitative part, through a questionnaire made by the researcher from the employees of government organizations in Isfahan city. The statistical population is the employees of twelve government organizations in the city of Isfahan, and the number of 363 people was determined based on simple random sampling. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis was used. Based on the results, the factors of cyber loafing in three categories: individual (personality trait, individual's attitude to work, individual characteristics, individual motivation, emotions, individual's perception of the environment, value and importance of work), group (communication, behaviors that promote social idleness) , contradiction and conflict), organizational (organizational structure, organizational policy and rules, dominant organizational culture, transformation and organizational technology) and individual, group and organizational consequences were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
978 - Modeling factors influencing the confusion of female customers in choosing retail stores
Soheila ZarinJoy alvar Maryam Nooraei AbadehToday, the shopping center is no longer a place for transaction purposes where customers go to if they need a product or service, but it is a place for social purposes. Shoppers may become confused if they perceive a social environment as too stimulating or inappropriat MoreToday, the shopping center is no longer a place for transaction purposes where customers go to if they need a product or service, but it is a place for social purposes. Shoppers may become confused if they perceive a social environment as too stimulating or inappropriate. The aim of the current research is to combine interpretive structural modeling and machine learning to stratify factors affecting customer confusion in choosing a retail store. In order to select the features that are most related to the target variables and can provide the best performance in predicting and interpreting the model, feature selection using a neural network has been used. The proposed approach initially reduces the computational complexity in solving the design problem by reducing the dimensions of the problem space through the training of a type of multilayer neural networks. 7 factors affecting customer confusion were extracted based on this neural network model, classified in 5 levels using interpretative structural modeling, and the related model was drawn. In this category, the variables of a wide variety of store brands, loyalty programs and the concentration of stores in one location, the greatest power of influence (influence) and perceived risk, individual and demographic factors and the volume of information show the most dependence (influence) and the variable of the commodity factor is the only It is a variable that has a two-way relationship with other variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
979 - Factors affecting the formation of security in car habitats (Case study: Zahedan city)
masomeh rezazadehAbstractMarginalization as one of the urban problems and affecting social security and providing a crime scene has always been the focus of city officials and relevant organizations. The purpose of this study is the factors affecting the formation of security in car set MoreAbstractMarginalization as one of the urban problems and affecting social security and providing a crime scene has always been the focus of city officials and relevant organizations. The purpose of this study is the factors affecting the formation of security in car settlements in Zahedan. The present research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical research method. Research data were collected by survey method using a questionnaire using a questionnaire. The statistical population is 694285 people of Zahedan and according to Cochran's formula, the sample size was 382 people. Data analysis was performed by Games-Howell post hoc tests, regression and one-sample t-test. According to the results, the level of security in car settlements in Zahedan is lower than the average level and higher than the unfavorable situation. Therefore, the security situation in car settlements in Zahedan is at a relatively unfavorable level. Also, the findings showed that the residential security situation in region one is significantly different from other regions and the region is in a more favorable situation than other areas of Zahedan. Zone two is in a better position than zone three and its difference with zones 4 and 5 is not significant at 95% confidence level. Also, zone three is in a more unfavorable situation than zone four and has a relatively similar situation to zone five. In this respect, regions four and five are in a similar situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
980 - The meaning of identity and physical identity in architectural works (with analysis the Iran historical architecture)
maziar sardari leila zare Avideh talaei vahid ghobadianThe city appearance, represents human civilization and culture. The architecture that represents it, should have values that lead the society to identity. Values that have faded in most of the contemporary cities and they are nothing but huge buildings, parks and office MoreThe city appearance, represents human civilization and culture. The architecture that represents it, should have values that lead the society to identity. Values that have faded in most of the contemporary cities and they are nothing but huge buildings, parks and offices. In other words, does not take place the space perception, and as time passes, this crisis increases. Today's technology-oriented world, has changed the cities appearance and their bodies have taken on a different appearance. The body of cities, as the first architecture element that is in visual communication with the people, nowadays does not interact with the audience and plays a lesser role. This research with a qualitative method and a descriptive-analytical approach, with a library study, will be achieve the concept of identity and identitarian architecture and then with field observations of historical architecture, referring to ancient documents and texts, physical identity elements are introduced. The results show that the identity and architectural identity of this soil is related to the rich history and culture and it’s important to knowing the physical elements of Iran historical architectural styles. In the following, two important styles of Iranian architecture will be introduced and their physical characteristics will be extracted and introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
981 - Effects of seed germination with gibberellin on safflower germination under salinity stress
Mahrokh Nejati Akbar Alipour Mojtaba Yousefirad Yones Sharghi Hossein Zahedi -
Open Access Article
982 - The Effect of Gibberellins on Flowering of Rose (Rosa hybrida L.)
Nely Murniati John Bimasri Etty Safriyani -
Open Access Article
983 - Introduction of Ahsan al-Manzumah manuscript
keramat namjoo محمدهادی احمدیانیDespite the passage of a century since the beginning of the revival and correction of manuscripts, only a small part of the exquisite and valuable treasure of lyrical stories has been printed and made available to literary friends, and perhaps great poets and writers wh MoreDespite the passage of a century since the beginning of the revival and correction of manuscripts, only a small part of the exquisite and valuable treasure of lyrical stories has been printed and made available to literary friends, and perhaps great poets and writers who still remain in the veil of obscurity and obscurity. Ahsan al-Manzomah's Masnavi is an unknown work by an unknown poet with the surname "Piri", which is considered among the romantic and lyrical Masnavis of the 13th century. This poem is a detailed story about Yusuf and Zuleikha, as well as Jacob's love and affection for his son Yusuf the Prophet, which is written in imitation of Yusuf and Zuleikha Jami. The story revolves around the three axes of richness, mysticism and education, and the singer uses richness to make the story attractive, and wherever he finds a suitable place, he gives advice, teaching and expressing mystical teachings, and discredits and It reminds the audience of the boredom and difficulty of the world. The authors' effort is to briefly review its stylistic and content features while introducing this work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
984 - A Model for Software Rejuvenation Based On Availability Optimization
Zahra Rahmani Ghobadi Hasan Rashidi Sasan Hosseinali Zadeh -
Open Access Article
985 - A New Mechanism for Software Rejuvenation Based on Availability Measurement
Zahra Rahmani Ghobadi -
Open Access Article
986 - PRIORITIZING STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF NEGHBORHOOD ATTACHMENT USING QFD PROCCESS, CASE STUDY: GOLSAR DISTRICT, RASHT CITY
S. A. daneshpour A. salaripourRecent researches have shown that children’s first experiences in neighborhood can extremely affect their attitudes toward neighbors, neighborhood and the city. Due to the criticality of this issue, this article is dedicated to find and prioritize strategic altern MoreRecent researches have shown that children’s first experiences in neighborhood can extremely affect their attitudes toward neighbors, neighborhood and the city. Due to the criticality of this issue, this article is dedicated to find and prioritize strategic alternatives for enhancing place attachment among children residents of Golsar neighborhood in Rasht city. it is necessary to hear children’s voice about their attachments to the neighborhood. Lack of attention to the needs of stakeholders can lead to the waste of money without attaining expected results. This study has utilized a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods in achieving its goals; that includes of integration of Resident Employed Photography (REP) into the Quality Function Deployment(QFD) Process. Therefore, needs and interest of stakeholders should be identified and applied as the input of the process. This step is done by application of REP and in-depth interviews with children. These needs should be rated by children and their parents in next step. To ensure statistical significance, 400 Stakeholders are surveyed for each need using a 5-point scale. Information of the detailed plan of the region and Nominal Group Technique is applied for development of strategic alternatives. Relationships between strategies and need are determined in relationship matrix which shows that how each strategy affects each need. Finally, strategies are prioritized and described. Results show that those strategies that facilitate children’s play in neighborhood, or form their relationship with the nature, or engage them in cultural events and creative works, would be the most efficient ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
987 - Analysis of affecting factor the villagers tends to use medicinal plants with indigenous knowledge approach (Case study: Zoeram Dehestan of Shirvan)
Hamdollah Sojasi Qhidari Soraya AziziAbstract:Regarding various side-effects of chemical medicine today, we witness modern people’s everyday widespread tendency, especially in rural areas where people are very close to nature, toward using home-made remedies and herbal medicine. Present study has an MoreAbstract:Regarding various side-effects of chemical medicine today, we witness modern people’s everyday widespread tendency, especially in rural areas where people are very close to nature, toward using home-made remedies and herbal medicine. Present study has an applied format in purpose and its approach is descriptive-analytical. Statistical population of this study includes all rural families (N=2095) in Zooeram - a small city located near Shirvan, Northern Khorassan Razavi – of which we took just 139 families after editing participant samples using Cockran Formula. We established a self-made questionnaire with reliability level of 0.908 using α-Chronbach coefficient.The results show that most people all over the country and also in this area prefer to use and apply medicinal herbs (medical herbs) rather than chemical medicine at least once during their life time, achieving better health results. The main reason behind this idea is oral sayings and chest to chest communication originating from previous generations.Among many effective factors behind this general tendency, we can mention cultural compatibility index and acceptability of human body to these herbal treatments in rural population (37, 39, 93, 39 respectively).Also the rank of village priorities show the extent of individual preferences to be 1 (top rank) in Hossein Abad village and 10 (the lowest rank) in Abd Abad village based on a 20-item Vikor Model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
988 - The Role of Resistance Economy in Urban Management with Cultural Policy Approach (Case Study: District 14 of Tehran Municipality)
tahsin rabiei nejad abbas arghan zeinab karke abadiIntroduction: In the current situation where the country is facing many economic problems and issues in some sectors due to sanctions, taking a step towards a resilient economy in the urban area can be a good platform for proper spending and reducing urban costs, realiz MoreIntroduction: In the current situation where the country is facing many economic problems and issues in some sectors due to sanctions, taking a step towards a resilient economy in the urban area can be a good platform for proper spending and reducing urban costs, realizing the capacity. The potential of the city, the optimal and timely use of existing opportunities, urban management strategies and the use of creativity and innovation.Research aim: The main purpose of this research is to study and explain the pattern of realization of resistance economy in urban management with a cultural policy approach.Methodology: The present research is applied from the perspective of the purpose and is considered descriptive-analytical from the perspective of the research method. In this research, a model has been presented through documentary study and with the help of Delphi method and expert opinion. Data analysis was first performed using descriptive statistics.Study Areas: The study area in this study is District 14 of Tehran, which is located in the east of the city and between Piroozi St. in the north, Khavaran St. in the south, Basij Highway in the east and 17 Shahrivar St. in the west. Its area, including the area (in the east of the region) is 22.3 square kilometers. Its population is 377,104 according to the statistics of the year ninety-four. This area has 6 districts and 21 neighborhoods.Results: The proposed model included a cultural policy dimension consisting of 3 components and 51 indicators. Then, for statistical analysis of the data, factor analysis methods were used and the research model was tested by structural equation method. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the obtained model will play an essential role in the realization of resistance economics in urban management through discourse, awareness and promotion of a culture of saving as components of cultural policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
989 - Survey and prioritization of tourist areas of Lahijan city in terms of sustainable urban tourism indicators Community Verified icon
rahim pormayeh Mehrdad ramzanipour Kia bozorgmehr ammeneh haghzadLahijan city with its sphere of influence and surrounding area and the existence of historical attractions (such as the tomb of Sheikh Zahed Gilani, the tomb of Mir Shamsuddin, the tomb of Kashif al-Saltanah and the Museum of Tea History, Lahijan brick bridge, Golshan L MoreLahijan city with its sphere of influence and surrounding area and the existence of historical attractions (such as the tomb of Sheikh Zahed Gilani, the tomb of Mir Shamsuddin, the tomb of Kashif al-Saltanah and the Museum of Tea History, Lahijan brick bridge, Golshan Lahijan bath), cultural (such as Chahar Kings Mosque , Akbarieh Mosque, Lahijan Grand Mosque), natural (Satan Mountain and Waterfall, Sustan Wetland, Amir Kalayeh Wetland) is one of the tourist centers of Gilan province. However, due to the lack of natural, historical and cultural landscapes of this city, it has many problems for development and prosperity. In this regard, the present study tries to examine the factors affecting the development of tourism in Lahijan from the perspective of tourists with a descriptive-analytical method. The method of data collection and information was a questionnaire and library documents. The sample size of the population of 100 tourists in Lahijan is randomly selected. Vickor model was used to analyze the data. The results obtained from the analysis of the amount of vicor obtained for each of the tourist areas in the city of Lahijan show, since the lowest value of Qj for the area of natural parks in the city is (0.00) so the lowest amount It will have an impact on the tourism industry of this city. Meanwhile, the recreational villages on the outskirts of the city with a value of Qj (equal to 1.00) have created the best situation for the development of tourism in the city.Keywords: Tourism, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Tourism, Lahijan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
990 - Evaluation of the Role of Informal Settlements in the Urban Spatial Structure (Case Study: Hamadan City)
mohamadreza kashkoli Masoud Mahdavi- Hajiloui Majid Vali Shariat Panahi Introduction: Unemployment, poverty, difficult economic conditions and issues and problems on the one hand and the desire of people to live in big cities or the proximity of such cities on the other hand have always been one of the main problems of cities in devel More Introduction: Unemployment, poverty, difficult economic conditions and issues and problems on the one hand and the desire of people to live in big cities or the proximity of such cities on the other hand have always been one of the main problems of cities in developing countries including Iran. With an expert review and the observation of statistics, it indicates that this problem is becoming more catastrophic, that if a written and designed plan is not considered for it, it will threaten the entire urban communities. Residents who are forced to live in different areas of the city due to many issues and problems, far from the minimum suitable living conditions and without access to sustainable sources of income. Areas that do not have a suitable platform to accept these residents and as a result of this influx of informal settlements for living.Research Aim: The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the role of informal settlements in the urban spatial structure and to investigate how to prevent the expansion of informal settlements and to find optimal methods to organize these areas in Hamedan city. economic is examined.Methodology: In terms of methodology, the present research is based on the nature of applied-developmental research. And the method of collecting descriptive data is from the survey branch. The method of data analysis was done using Delphi technique and statistical analysis using SPSS software.Studied Areas: The geographical scope includes the informal settlements of Hamadan city.Results: The results obtained from the single-sample t-test about the satisfaction of the residents with the status of informal settlements in Hamadan show that according to the table that is the result of the t-test, these settlements show that satisfaction In these areas, due to the difference between the average and the upper and lower limits, it is average and unfavorable.Conclusion: The development of Hamedan city and the expansion of urbanization in recent decades have been accompanied by the growth of informal settlements. This socio-economic phenomenon has been formed due to the lack of attention to regional and urban planning and the internal capabilities of the urban area in terms of creating activity and employment capacity, and most of these neighborhoods are located in the service area of Hamadan city, and their main problem is lack of access It is one of the welfare and social services of the city. In addition, the body and appearance of Hamedan city has faced problems. The fact is that these boundaries cannot be removed from the planning space and ignored, but with accurate urban planning and appropriate to the characteristics of the residents, changes should be made in their body and texture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
991 - Spatial analysis of natural hazards with emphasis on drought and assessment of capacity of adaptation, Case study of rural settlements (Razan county : Hamedan province)
fatemeh ahmadi Morteza Esmaeilnejad Mahmoud FalsoleymanThe agricultural sector is largely affected by climate change due to its extensive interactions with the environment.Damage to the environment and declining product yields and weakening the household economy are among the consequences of the drought in HamadanNatural ha MoreThe agricultural sector is largely affected by climate change due to its extensive interactions with the environment.Damage to the environment and declining product yields and weakening the household economy are among the consequences of the drought in HamadanNatural hazards are part of the behavior of the environment that is likely to occur at any time and place. The frequency, extent, and severity of these hazards, especially drought, have increased in recent decades.Understanding the behavior of natural hazards and identifying their focal points for environmental planning and sustainable economic development is importance.Hamadan province is one of the hotspots that has a variety and abundance of natural hazards; therefore, their analysis and monitoring, including drought directly affecting the livelihoods of farmers, is of great importance. And to measure the adaptation capacity of the villages of Razan city.This research is an analytical-descriptive study using questionnaire and field survey to assess and assess the adaptation capacity of drought farmers. In the first step, different indicators of drought behavior were identified in the region and in the second stage, adaptation strategies were developed by farmers. The results of this study showed that SPI index is a more suitable method for drainage landscaping in terms of dry years separation and drought seasons than other indices. That the local community is using traditional or indigenous methods to adapt to drought conditions used. The rate of using traditional or indigenous methods and modern and modern methods to adapt to drought conditions have been tested using binomial test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
992 - Assessment of Factors Influencing on Citizens’ contribution in Quintet Zones of Rasht
Shahab Nobakht Haghighi Hossein Ali GhanbariIn this survey research which based on goals is applied and is done through descriptive-analytical method. Contribution of citizens of quintet zones of Rasht was studied. The N includes 679995 of Rasht population and the n (Cochran with 5 percent error) is 384 above the MoreIn this survey research which based on goals is applied and is done through descriptive-analytical method. Contribution of citizens of quintet zones of Rasht was studied. The N includes 679995 of Rasht population and the n (Cochran with 5 percent error) is 384 above the age 25. Because of 0,05 in Kolmogorov – Smirnov test, the whole data was considered abnormal. To study the relationship between variables, Spearman test was used. The result shows among the individual factors, educational level with 0.26 and among the management and political factors, transparency, city officials’ response, officials’ belief to people and preparing the people’s contribution with zero are meaningful to the variable attracting the citizens ‘contribution. Then non-parametric test Friedman was done to rank the variables. The result shows management and political factors with 2.13 is in first rank and social factors with 1.96 in second rank and at last individual factors with 1.13 are in last rank. In the last measure, to assess the differences of attitudes, the Kruskal – Wallis test was done. With regard to the result more than 0.05 for all variables, it was decided that there were no meaningful differences in responders attitudes in different parts of Rasht. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
993 - Analysis of Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas with Resistance Economics Approach with Emphasis on the Role of Constructive Mobilization in Guilan Central Area
Fahimeh Zahmatkesh Teymour AmarAn investigation about Entrepreneurship in the Rural regions considering Resistant Economy Approach emphasizing the Role of Sazandagi-Baseej in Central Parts of Gilan is aim of the article. The method of the investigation is Descriptive analytic and the method of the In MoreAn investigation about Entrepreneurship in the Rural regions considering Resistant Economy Approach emphasizing the Role of Sazandagi-Baseej in Central Parts of Gilan is aim of the article. The method of the investigation is Descriptive analytic and the method of the Information Collection is the Field Documentary. Entrepreneurs of the Statistical Society of the investigation is under the protection of the Baseej of the Rurals of Rasht,Anzali and Rudbar.The Sampling Community of the Mountainous Partition according to the Morgan Table in the plain of Rurals which contains 200 entrepreneurs and in the mountainous Rurals 70 ones.The investigation about entrepreneurship considering the activities in the plain regions differs from the mountainous region. existence of markets in Rasht and Anzali makes the products of clothing and tailoring more prevalent by Rurals. Matting handicrafts industry is the other activity which is prevalent in the villages of the plain partition in which raw materials is a kind of the plants which belongs to the region.The Rurals are interested in the activities and it is because of its profitableness. Generally speaking, 69% Entrepreneurs of plain regions of Rasht and Anzali and 72% of them from the mountainous region are under the protection of Baseej. Considering the kinds of the activities in the mountainous region 90% them belong the agriculture and%10belongs to services ones and most prevalent activities of the plain regions are as following: %30 of the activities belong to the agriculture, 22/5% of them belong to services and %47/5 of them belong to the industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
994 - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Second Homes Tourism (Case Study: Rudbar Qasran County, Shemiranat county , Tehran province
Fazileh Davarkhani Habib Mahmoodi Somayeh Sadat MousaviAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number o MoreAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number of effects on the areas they are deployed. One of the most important ways to assess the effects of human activities in the environment, environmental impact assessment or EIA is to identify the effects of operational programs and projects on environmental factors at various stages and to propose solutions to reduce these effects. To collect the data based on the ICOLD model format, instead of using the questionnaire, through an interview with 15 local officials and trustees the inhabitants of the 5 villages of Ahar, Egole; baghgole, emameh bala, and Emameh paeein and designing a checklist, the environmental impacts of tourism in the second home were measured and quantitated. The results of the research showed that the tourism of the second homes in the studied village has a negative effect on the economic, social, biological and physical aspects. Matching the results of this study with previous studies revealed that in the environmental dimension, all researches were consistent with the results of the present study. In the economic and social dimensions, the difference in the relative environment of the problem in different environments and geographical locations has been different in some cases, and in some cases the opposite.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
995 - Desirability assessment of factors affecting the feeling of security in historical contexts and providing appropriate solutions (Case study: Zartoshtian neighborhood of Kerman city)
Zahra Rezaei Estabragh Hossein Zabihi Reza AhmadianIntroduction: The historical fabric of the cities are part of the national and cultural capital of the country, which are valuable not only in terms of aesthetics, continuity of collective memories and giving identity to our cities, The purpose of the research: The main MoreIntroduction: The historical fabric of the cities are part of the national and cultural capital of the country, which are valuable not only in terms of aesthetics, continuity of collective memories and giving identity to our cities, The purpose of the research: The main purpose of the present research is to investigate the explanation of factors affecting the improvement of security in the historical context of Zartoshtian neighborhood of Kerman.Research methodology: This research is part of applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of method. The data was collected through a questionnaire with four main indicators and 23 items through the review of valid research documents, and the sample size was calculated as 120 people based on Cochran's formula. To analyze the findings from field studies, sample t-test and factor analysis methods were used in ssps software.The geographical scope of the research: The Zartoshtian neighborhood in Kerman is the study center of the current research, which is the central part of the city, which is the old context, is located in the west of this city.Findings and discussion: The results obtained from the t-test show that the highest general satisfaction from the citizens is related to the monitoring component with an average of 3.53. Also, the access component has the least satisfaction with a total average score of 2.99 (below the average of 3); In the other two components of the research, physical-spatial and social-behavioral, average ratings were also obtained and the average of these components was 3.08 and 3.35, respectively. Also, in this research, four factors with eigenvalues higher than one were extracted, the first factor with an eigenvalue of 4.827, alone includes 21% of the variance of the variables and has the most impact among the four effective factors. After that, the second factor with a specific value of 3.361 and 15% of the variance, the third factor with a specific value of 2.668 and 11% of the variance, and the fourth factor with a value of 1.923 and 8.360% of the total variance.Results: In general, according to the results obtained, we find that the public spaces of Zartoshtian neighborhood do not have a high level of security; Therefore in this research, by providing solutions and suggestions, we can provide the necessary background and platform to establish and improve security in the historical context of Zartoshtian neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
996 - آیا پلیمر سوپر جاذب می تواند تحمل کم آبی گیاهان جوان مورد را بهبود بخشد؟
سمیه اسماعیلی عباس دانایی فرکمبود آب یک مشکل جدی است که رشد، نمو و استقرار گیاهان جوان را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب (SAPs) ظرفیت بسیار خوبی برای جذب و حفظ آب، افزایش رطوبت خاک و بهبود رشد گیاهان در شرایط کم آبی نشان دادهاند. یک مطالعه گلخانه ای با سه رژیم آبیاری (50 درصد، 75 درصد و Moreکمبود آب یک مشکل جدی است که رشد، نمو و استقرار گیاهان جوان را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب (SAPs) ظرفیت بسیار خوبی برای جذب و حفظ آب، افزایش رطوبت خاک و بهبود رشد گیاهان در شرایط کم آبی نشان دادهاند. یک مطالعه گلخانه ای با سه رژیم آبیاری (50 درصد، 75 درصد و 100درصد ظرفیت زراعی (FC) و سه سطح SAP-A200 (0، 1 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل با چهار تکرار در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج، کمبود آب خاک بر ویژگیهای مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاهان جوان مورد تأثیر گذاشت. کاهش قابل توجهی در شاخصهای رشدی در تنش کم آبی (50 درصد FC) در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد (100 درصد FC) مشاهده شد. پارامترهای فتوسنتزی، کلروفیل کل و محتوای نسبی آب (RWC) با افزایش تنش کم آبی کاهش یافت. در مقابل، میزان نشت یونی (EL)، مالون دی آلدئید (MDA)، قندهای محلول کل (TSS)، نشاسته و فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانت افزایش یافت. کاربرد مقادیر حداقل SAP (1 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) بیشتر این ویژگیها را در هر دو شرایط آبیاری خوب و کمآبی بهبود بخشید، به نظر می رسد در شرایط تنش های کم آبی متوسط و شدید نیاز به میزان بالاتر از SAP باشد. با این وجود، می توان ازSAP-A200 به عنوان یک روش کارآمد و اقتصادی برای استقرار سریع گیاهان جوان چوبی در مناطق کم آب استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
997 - Mapping of Agricultural Information Flows for Yam Minisett Technology in Delta State, Nigeria
Agbamu Joseph Ozor Augustine Ajieh Chuks -
Open Access Article
998 - Analysis of Factors Influencing Food Security Status of Female Headed Farm Households in Abia State, Nigeria
Kelechi Osondu -
Open Access Article
999 - Participatory Evaluation and Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Finger Millet Varieties with Its Full Package in Selected Districts of Debub Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Dilamo Hando Kassahun Gemayda Kebede Sakara -
Open Access Article
1000 - Benefits of Financial Credit among Smallholder Farmers in Plateau State, Nigeria
Kareem Waheed Adefalu Lawal Daudu Kamal Dolapo Abiola Alabi Ahuoiza -
Open Access Article
1001 - The evaluation of effects the nitrogen and potash fertilizer on yield, yield components and remobilization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) promising line
Abdolhossein Sheikh hosseinian , Majid Ashouri Majid Nahvi Saeid Bakhshipour Mohmmad Roudpeyma Mitra Yekta Farhad Biranvand In order to evaluate of effects, the nitrogen and potash fertilizer on yield, yield components and remobilization on number 4 rice promising line. The study was conducted using a factorial experiment arranged in completely randomized More In order to evaluate of effects, the nitrogen and potash fertilizer on yield, yield components and remobilization on number 4 rice promising line. The study was conducted using a factorial experiment arranged in completely randomized design with three replications at the Rice Research Institute of Iran in 2012. The factors were nitrogen with 3 levels (60, 90 and 120 Kg.h-1) from Urea fertilizer’s resource and Potash fertilizer with 3 levels (0, 50 and 100Kg.h-1) from the sulfate potash resource. Analysis of variance showed that the Nitrogen Factor was significant on all the considered traits at 1 probability levels. The Potash Factor was significant on the grain 1000 weight at 1 probability level. The interaction effect of Nitrogen in Potash on traits the number of filled grain and the grain 1000 weight were showed significant difference at 5 probability levels. The highest of treats seed yield (7818 kg.h-1), the percentage of panicle reproduction (88.47%), grain 1000 weight (30.08g), the number of seed filled (149.4), height plant (110.6 cm) and for remobilization of dry matter (1198g.m-2) were obtained 120 kg. ha-1. Mean comparison effects of Nitrogen in Potash interactive showed that for grain yield of a 120 kg nitrogen per 50kg Potash with the average of 7994 kg h-1 was consider a higher class. Finally, for the number 4 promising line of rice can use a level of fertilizer which includes 120 kg pure Nitrogen (260 kg urea fertilizer) and 50 kg Potash (100 kg super triple phosphate fertilizer) per a hectare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1002 - The interaction between irrigation interval with manure and vermicompost on vegetative characteristics and yield of Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora L.)
Zahra Shadkam1 Farhad Mohajeri 2*This experiment was carried out to study the interaction between irrigation intervals with manures and vermicompost on vegetative characteristics and yield of Lemon Verbena a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design in Fasa, Iran during 2017. The first MoreThis experiment was carried out to study the interaction between irrigation intervals with manures and vermicompost on vegetative characteristics and yield of Lemon Verbena a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design in Fasa, Iran during 2017. The first factor involved irrigation intervals at four levels including two, four, six and eight days. The second factor was the utilization of vermicompost and/or livestock manure in four levels consisted of a control test, five percent manure (by weight), five percent vermicompost and 2.5% manure + 2.5% vermicompost which were added to the studied soil in pots. Water stress caused a significant decrease in the leaf relative water content and chlorophyll index of lemon verbena. The lowest ion leakage was obtained in vermicompost and manure and the highest amount of malondialdehyde in control test. In general, the results of this study showed that with increasing in drought stress a negative effect was observed on growth of Lemon Verbena which finally led to the reduction of biological yield. Also, the utilization of vermicompost and/or manure fertilizer have a positive effect on plant growth and improved plant's growth characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1003 - The effect of accelerated extinction and salinity on germination of weed seeds Malva neglecta, Echinochloa crus-galli and Sorghum halepense in laboratory conditions
Einollah HesamiWeeds Malva neglecta, Echinochloa crus-galli and Sorghum halepense are weaned and weedy species in wheat, cane, rice, corn, sifiyat and gardens of northern Khuzestan. In order to determine the effects of salinity stress and moisture stress in conditions of burnout and e MoreWeeds Malva neglecta, Echinochloa crus-galli and Sorghum halepense are weaned and weedy species in wheat, cane, rice, corn, sifiyat and gardens of northern Khuzestan. In order to determine the effects of salinity stress and moisture stress in conditions of burnout and exhaustion on germination ability of seeds and emergence of these weeds, a test was conducted in a Seed Technology Laboratory of Shushtar Islamic Azad University in a completely randomized factorial design with four replications Took In the first laboratory conditions, the first factor was seeds of weeds of canola, spruce and grass, and the second factor was burning treatments including: control (without burnout) and burnout days (three, five and seven days) and the third factor of salinity treatments (four, eight and 12 ds) Siemens / m and a salinity of 0.7 dS / m). The results of analysis of variance showed that among all studied traits (germination percentage, germination rate, germination uniformity index, seedling dry weight, Vigor index), there was a significant difference at probability level there was a percentage. Weed seeds of Malva neglecta were more successful in germination traits than other two weeds, and Echinochloa crus-galli weed seeds also had better reaction to burnout in the depositional traits. Weed seeds of Sorghum halepense showed the highest sensitivity to the other two weeds compared to the accelerated aging test. Therefore, burnout and salinity stress reduced all studied traits in these weeds. In general, it can be concluded that the burnout of seeds under conditions of salinity stress reduces the germination characteristics and weed deployment of weeds tested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1004 - Effect of application of sulfur and thiobacillus on improvement of morpho-physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Khuzestan lands
Fatemeh Mousavi Seyed Keyvan Marashi Timour Babaei NejadIn order to investigate the effect of acid modifiers in lands with high pH on improving morpho-physiological characteristics of wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included, sulfur sulfat MoreIn order to investigate the effect of acid modifiers in lands with high pH on improving morpho-physiological characteristics of wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included, sulfur sulfate in three levels (0, 250 and 500 kg ha-1) and thiobacillus in three levels (0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1). The results showed that the effect of sulfur fertilizer and thiobacillus bacteria on total dry weight, leaf area index, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and plant height were significant at 1% probability level. The interaction between sulfur and thiobacillus fertilizers on total dry weight was significant at 1% probability level and on plant height at 5% probability level and was not significant for other traits. The maximum crop growth rate were obtained by 12.5 and 11.6 g m-2 under 500 kg ha-1 sulfur fertilizer and 10 kg ha-1 thiobacillus, respectively and the minimum by 9.7 and 10.6 were under non-application of sulfur fertilizer and non-application of thiobacillus. The maximum plant height (94.3 cm) was observed under application of 500 and 10 kg ha-1 of sulfur and thiobacillus fertilizer and the minimum by 74.6 was under non-application of sulfur fertilizer and thiobacillus. In general, the results of experiment showed that the application of sulfur fertilizer and thiobacillus bacteria in lands with high pH improved morpho-physiological characteristics of wheat, which could be interest to researchers and farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1005 - Effect of humic acid on yield, yield components and physiological parameters of wheat in deficit irrigation conditions
Fatemeh Tourfi Alireza Shokuhfar2*In order to effect of humic acid on yield, yield components and physiological parameters of wheat in deficit irrigation conditions this research was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. main plots consisted: full irrigation, n MoreIn order to effect of humic acid on yield, yield components and physiological parameters of wheat in deficit irrigation conditions this research was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. main plots consisted: full irrigation, no irrigation at the beginning of stem elongation, and no irrigation at the pollination stage and sub plots included different levels of humic acid fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L). Results showed that interaction of irrigation and humic acid on number of seeds per spike and 1000 grain weight at 1% probability level and number of spikes per unit area and harvest index was significant at 5% probability level. Grain yield under the effect low irrigation and humic acid was significant at 1% probability level. The highest leaf area index and crop growth rate were affected in full irrigation and 300 mg.L-1 humic acid and least of them were obtained in low irrigation stress conditions in different periods and no foliar application of humic acid. The highest grain yield was obtained in full irrigation (5035 kg.ha-1) and foliar application with 300 mg.L-1 humic acid (4462 kg.ha-1). The lowest grain yield was obtained in no irrigation at the pollination stage (2355 kg.ha-1) and no-humic acid (2667 kg.ha-1). As a result, foliar application 300 mg.L-1 of humic acid in different periods of low irrigation stress improved the physiological indices and increased yield components compared to control (no foliar application). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1006 - Quantification the effects of reduced herbicide doses and nitrogen levels on wheat-Avena ludoviciana Duriu competition
Iman Ahmadi1* Abdolmahdi Bakhshandeh Mohmmad-Hossein GharinehA better understanding of factors affecting competition between wheat and weeds can facilitate the development of more effective crop management methods. In order to quantification wheat- Avena ludoviciana Duriu competition in response to nitrogen and Othello OD herbici MoreA better understanding of factors affecting competition between wheat and weeds can facilitate the development of more effective crop management methods. In order to quantification wheat- Avena ludoviciana Duriu competition in response to nitrogen and Othello OD herbicide. A field experiment in 2018-19 was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Nitrogen fertilizer in included five levels of 0, 80, 160, 240 and Unconventional consumption 320 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen fertilizer was considered as the main plot and the herbicide dose of Othello OD herbicide in five levels of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 times the recommended dose (The recommended dose of herbicide is 1.6 L ha-1) was considered as the sub plot. The results showed the dose required for 50% reduction of weed biomass in non-fertilized conditions, was equal to 75% of the recommended herbicide was used. That with increasing nitrogen fertilizer consumption led to lower herbicide dose. So that by consumption 320 kg N ha-1 reached 37% of the recommended dosage of this herbicide. Also, to achieve about 700 g m-2 of wheat biomass, using 185 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer plus 85% of the recommended herbicide dose, or applying 320 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer and 65% of the recommended dose of herbicide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1007 - Determining some of the effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress in greenhouse conditions
zahra Abedi Hamid Najafi Zarrini Mostafa Emadi Nadali BagheriSalinity is one of the growth limiting factors in agricultural. In order to determination of the most effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress, a factorial experiment with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sc MoreSalinity is one of the growth limiting factors in agricultural. In order to determination of the most effective traits on soybean yield at different levels of salinity stress, a factorial experiment with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2016. Treatments consisted of four soybean genotypes (Hill, Dayr, Ford and Williams), three levels of sulfur (control, 5 and 10 grams of sulfur powder) and three levels of salinity (control, 4 and 8 dS/m). Analysis of variance showed that simple effects of sulfur, genotype, salinity and interaction between sulfur and salinity were significant at 0.01 probability level. Correlation coefficients between studied traits showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and all traits except for the Na+/K+ ratio. By using stepwise regression analysis in the control treatment, sulfur content, in 4 ds/m salinity, traits of Na+ percentage, fresh weight of shoot and seed protein percentage, and in salinity of 8 ds/m seed number per plant were entered in model. path analysis of grain yield showed the highest positive direct effect in the control, second level and the third level of salinity were sulfur content, Na+ and number of seeds per plant, respectively. The results of this study showed that the traits of sulfur content, Na+ percentage, fresh weight and protein percentage are the scales related to grain yield, which can be used as an indirect selection scale for genetic improvement of yield in saline regeneration programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1008 - Evaluation of Chemical and Organic Nutrition Systems on Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars under low Irrigation stress Conditions
Jaber Mehdiniya Afra Yousof Niknejad2* Hormoz Falah Amoli Davood barari TariIn order to investigate the effects of chemical and organic nutritional systems on yield, water utilization in rice cultivars under irrigation stress, a split Plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Dasht- MoreIn order to investigate the effects of chemical and organic nutritional systems on yield, water utilization in rice cultivars under irrigation stress, a split Plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Dasht-e Naz Agricultural Company, located in the city of Sari in 2016 Irrigation stress treatments were performed in three levels: the stress at the time of the beginning of the tillering (15 days after the installation of the work), the developmental stage of the transfer (the end of flowering and grain filling start) and the lack of stress (controls) as the main factor, through irrigation cut and irrigation again after the appearance of surface cracks The type of feeding system was considered in four levels of Vermicompost and compost azolla (6 and 8 t.ha-1 respectively), humic acid (4.5 L.ha-1) and the common chemical fertilizers Nitrogen, Phosphor, Potassium and cultivars were considered on two levels (Shirodi and local Tarom) in factorial form as a subagent The results variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between Shiroudi and Tarom cultivars in terms of rice paddy yield in different levels of irrigation stress and nutritional systems. Under common irrigation conditions, the most biological functions of Paddy yield in the varieties of Shirodi and local Tarom, was obtained 6577.9 and 3776.4, Kg.ha-1, Respectively. Low irrigation stressin the developmental stage of the beginning of the tilleringreduced the rice paddy yield by 6.87 and 1.67 andin the remobilization stage, reduced the rice paddy yield by 17.65% and 2.97%, compared to non-stressed conditions With application of humic acid nutrition system, improvement of rice yield was observed in Shiroudi (6563.1 Kg.ha-1) and local Tarom (3878.77 Kg.ha-1) in compared with other nutrition systems.by using the humic acid, azolla compost and Vermicompost in Shirodi variant, the rice paddy yield increased 16.12, 9.02 and 3.62 Percent and in local Tarom 7.85, 3.47 and 2.21 percent respectively, compared with the chemical fertilizer. The highest Water Use Efficiency in the cultivars was observed with the average of 0.1050 and 0.8016 Kg/m3No rainfall, outlet runoff and tillage water were observed under conditions of non-stress. Totally, the results showed highest yield of Paddy was obtained for both Shirodi and Tarom cultivars under non-stress conditions in the humic acid nutrition system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1009 - THE STUDY OF THE RALATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFE STYLE AND SOCIAL HAPPINESS CASE STUDY: YOUTH IN BUSHEHR CITY
fariba mohagheghnejadAbstract The present study seeks to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and social vitality of youth in Bushehr. Considering that Iran has the lowest rank in the statistics on the vitality of Iran compared with many countries that are investigating this issue MoreAbstract The present study seeks to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and social vitality of youth in Bushehr. Considering that Iran has the lowest rank in the statistics on the vitality of Iran compared with many countries that are investigating this issue and finding links with the lifestyle of research. In this regard, the lifestyle has been studied in four dimensions in accordance with Giddens and Bourdard's theory. How to spend your time, cultural consumption, adherence to religious practices, the use of new communication technologies from the dimensions specified for lifestyle. In the case of social joy, it is also calculated according to Seligman's theory. This study was carried out using Killy method and survey technique. The population of the population according to the last count of 1390 with 76084 population and with a sample size of 385 people among the young people of Bushehr city aged 15-29 years, was performed by two stage sampling method Has been. Has been. According to the findings, three dimensions of lifestyle dimensions have a meaningful relationship with social vitality. It was also found that lifestyle had a significant relationship with social vitality.Keywords: vitality, pleasure, lifestyle, life satisfaction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1010 - The study of the right to social health in relation to noise pollution caused by aircraft traffic in the country
ali faghih habibihealth right of emerging issues in the rights, but with the development of scienceand open new fields joined the issue into a new challenge. since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and so far, four Geneva conventions on major issues in the field Morehealth right of emerging issues in the rights, but with the development of scienceand open new fields joined the issue into a new challenge. since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and so far, four Geneva conventions on major issues in the field of morality and bio - patients ' rights has been proposed that could indicate the sensitivity and the necessity of special attentionto the right and well - being. including the cases that could endanger public health, environmental pollution. The present study on the health of people right in front of the audio and chemical pollution caused by aircraft movements. The methodology used in the present study of descriptive and analytical type. In order to collect data from the library method is used. material obtained by using the method of analysis and analysis and analyze the content. results indicate thatdomestic laws on environmental and human health had faults and manyrestrictions and the laws cannot human health in front of environmental pollutionincluding pollution caused by aircraft movements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1011 - Sociological explanation of social and cultural factors related to family-oriented (study: Kohgiluyeh and Boyer)
HOssin Hossini reza esmaili asghar mohamadeEn el proceso de Gzarjamh Irán de lo tradicional a moderno complejo cultural de la sociedad han sido destrozadas. La familia no es sino una construcción cultural Nasrsnty en nuestra comunidad es importante y una de las culturas más basada en el valo MoreEn el proceso de Gzarjamh Irán de lo tradicional a moderno complejo cultural de la sociedad han sido destrozadas. La familia no es sino una construcción cultural Nasrsnty en nuestra comunidad es importante y una de las culturas más basada en el valor en cualquier sociedad es un modelo de organización social señala, y como parte de un aspecto tradicional que las actitudes de lealtad , Atmadvhmkary tensiones dentro del grupo familiar.Screened theoretical framework of structural explanations (modernization theory, the second demographic transition) and explain the idea and values (idealism theory development, transformation of values Inglehart) is. Statistical community survey methodology, including men and women living in three cities experienced family.Data were collected using questionnaire and using the software spss and Amos and measure the correlation and impact that the high rate of family-oriented in three cities And six hypothesis of the study results show that one in six social capital variables and religion, lifestyle, social belonging and social identity, modernity and have a relationship with the family-oriented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1012 - Impact of social approach The role of knowledge management on knowledge commercialization
Abbas Mir mehdi bagheri ahmad hashemiAbstract:The purpose of this research is to prioritize the factors affecting the commercialization of knowledge with the knowledge management approach. The type of research is descriptive of survey type. For analyzing quantitative data, inferential methods were used. Fr MoreAbstract:The purpose of this research is to prioritize the factors affecting the commercialization of knowledge with the knowledge management approach. The type of research is descriptive of survey type. For analyzing quantitative data, inferential methods were used. Friedman test was used to prioritize the factors and to determine the effect of each of the factors of the knowledge commercialization, the confirmatory factor analysis was used. By summing up the quantitative and qualitative findings, the exogenous organizational factors effective in commercializing research results with the following priority were obtained: customers and customer orientation with a rating of 13/8 and factor load of 80/0 education with a rating of 47 / 7 and factor load 0.75. Information and communication technology with a rating of 11.7 and factor load of 0.66 technological advances with a rating of 63.6 and factor load of 0.63 economic and market forces with a rating of 30.60 and factor load of 62. 0 parks and centers of growth Science and technology with a rating of 5.81 and factor load of 0.56 risky investment funds with a rating of 47.5 and factor load of 0.55 government forces with a rating of 5.5 and factor load of 0.54 familiarity and belief in religious teachings With a rating of 12.5 and factor load of 0.52 Laws and programs rank high load factor 47.4 48 0 / rank competitors and competitive factors and factor loadings 47/0 36/4. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1013 - Managers' Performance Based on Belief and Performance Attitudes
hossein zainosalehin masoud pourkiani saied aslajeghe Senger salajeghe Ayyub sheikhyManagement is one of the concepts formed by the necessities of the Islamic Revolution and has received many blessings in the past years. With the expansion of arrogant hostility and the growing orientation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the need to use the patterns fo MoreManagement is one of the concepts formed by the necessities of the Islamic Revolution and has received many blessings in the past years. With the expansion of arrogant hostility and the growing orientation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the need to use the patterns formed in this direction has increased, so the purpose of this study is to identify the components of jihadist management with qualitative and quantitative analysis in the organization. Registration is country. The components of jihadist management were identified through exploratory studies and opinion polls using Delphi technique and tested in the designed model in the target population. The statistical population of the study consisted of two groups of experts consisting of 25 managers, deputies and managers and the head of the Office of Registry of Iran which were 148. This research is a descriptive research that has been done by survey method. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and one-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The research findings, while confirming the proposed model, showed that: management consists of two dimensions: Belief and its components (Belief Attitude, Belief Behavior, Belief Roles and Belief Tasks) and Functional Dimension and its Components (Functional Attitude, Functional Behavior, Functional Roles and Functional tasks). It is suggested that the belief components be strengthened so that managers' performance can be achieved with good faith. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1014 - Clustering Social Progress and its Impact on Economic Growth
hoda Rezaei Roshan ali rahmani Amir Mansour Tehranchian Reza Ali MohseniThe present paper intends to test the impact of these two variables of social progress and economic freedom on economic growth. Statistics related to the social progress, economic freedom and per capita gross domestic product in 128 countries are based on the Social Dev MoreThe present paper intends to test the impact of these two variables of social progress and economic freedom on economic growth. Statistics related to the social progress, economic freedom and per capita gross domestic product in 128 countries are based on the Social Development Index, the Heritage Foundation and the World Bank in 2017, and are used the methods of decision tree and multiple regression. The results of the decision tree method show that there are significant differences in the rate of social progress and economic freedom between countries with different revenues. Also, the results of multiple regression estimations in the study year show that the variables of social progress and economic freedom in these countries have been effective and have a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita. Thus, with the effectiveness of these indicators, society will come toward development and economic and social well-being, and this society will be an ideal society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1015 - Investigating the factors causing social and organizational behaviors in environmental policies
Asgar Hataminiya Mohammad Torabi Mashallah HeidarpourAbstractUnderstanding the factors that create social and organizational behavior in environmental policy is very effective and necessary to maintain and improve the environment. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question to what extent do the factors that MoreAbstractUnderstanding the factors that create social and organizational behavior in environmental policy is very effective and necessary to maintain and improve the environment. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question to what extent do the factors that cause social behaviors facilitate organizational environmental policies? Before environmental policy-making, the factors of social and organizational behavior influencing policy-making, such as environmental information, environmental attitude, environmental concern, environmental literacy, and government institutions and organizations, such as environmental principles, should be considered in law. Recognize basic and other public governmental organizations to be able to make environmental policy based on data affecting social behaviors and organizational functions. The present article is descriptive-analytical and uses the library method to examine the question in the two sections of recognizing the factors of social behavior and the organizational status of policies. Findings show that correct knowledge of the factors causing social and organizational behavior can help reduce the gap between social and organizational behaviors in rational environmental policy and given the political and cultural structure of developing countries, including Iran, Be the beginning of a major change in public policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1016 - Investigating the erotic capital and its relation to social capital of women in the city of Isfahan
achdas parsa seyedali hashemianfar mansour haghighatianSocial capital refers to links and connections among members of a community as a valuable source. But since people in the community do not have the same relationship and quantity and quality, there are differences between different sexes, includingeroticecapital. The pu MoreSocial capital refers to links and connections among members of a community as a valuable source. But since people in the community do not have the same relationship and quantity and quality, there are differences between different sexes, includingeroticecapital. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of sexual capital of women as a factor in explaining the differences in social capital. The present study was conducted using survey method and using researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical sample consists of 680 people aged over 18 years old in Isfahan. Findings show that there is a meaningful relationship between capital capital and social capital. There is a significant difference in the effect of cultural and verbal beliefs on women's attitudes towards sexual capital based on demographic variables such as age, marital status, education, employment status, economic status, income level and job type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1017 - The study of the relationship between social capital and the tendency toward national identity amang citizens aged 18 years and above the city of kermanshah
Younes kakavandIdentity is one of the important issues facing humanity today, so that the issue of self-discovery is of great importance to different people. In general, identity is what makes a person different from one another.Regarding the importance of the subject in this research MoreIdentity is one of the important issues facing humanity today, so that the issue of self-discovery is of great importance to different people. In general, identity is what makes a person different from one another.Regarding the importance of the subject in this research, using the field method, survey technique and the questionnaire's research tool, we seek to answer the main question: what is the relationship between different dimensions of social capital and national identity? The statistical population of this research is Kermanshah That is, 384 citizens of 18 years old up to this city have been examined as sample size.In order to answer the main question of this research, we have investigated and analyzed various dimensions of social capital such as social trust, social cohesion, social participation, social interaction and social consciousness as independent variables and its relation with national identity as dependent variable. The results of the research indicate that the rate of national identity tendency among the citizens of Kermanshah is too moderate and there is a significant direct and direct relationship between all the independent variables of the research with the dependent variable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1018 - A Comparative Study of the Model of Political Socialization in Secondary School Textbooks in the Reform Government
Majid Jamei nasab Ahmad Ali Hesabi yousef amini nabi allah eederAbstract:The purpose of this study is to investigate the pattern of political socialization in the secondary school textbooks during the reform government. The statistical population was selected.These books were reviewed by quantitative and qualitative content analysis MoreAbstract:The purpose of this study is to investigate the pattern of political socialization in the secondary school textbooks during the reform government. The statistical population was selected.These books were reviewed by quantitative and qualitative content analysis. William Scott method was used to measure the reliability of the components, based on which an agreement coefficient of 93.20 was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistics were also used to analyze the data.In the framework of this research, the model of political socialization with the dimensions of republicanism, tolerance, political legitimacy, political identity, critical pedagogy, social justice, political values of the Islamic Revolution, economics, good governance, political attitude, political participation and political awareness in discourse The macro-Islamic Revolution (Islamic Republic) and also in the discourse of the reformist government were studied. The dimensions and components of this model in the texts of textbooks were obtained by using the method of content analysis.The results of this study, while introducing and defining the characteristics of the political socialization model specific to this government separately, showed: The political socialization model of the reform government in secondary schools, in 58% of the indicators with the political socialization model and the general discourse Islam has been fully compliant, in 33% it has been relatively consistent and in 9% of the indicators it has been inconsistent. The era of this government has tried to reflect global changes in some way in the textbooks of their time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1019 - Investigating the role of the virtual world in shaping the new culture of communication and social identity People in Isfahan city
Zeynab Ebrahimi naser hejazi mohammadali chitsazAbstract:Internet and virtual world is one of the important communication tools that succeed to change the daily life of people and have unmatched role in creation the identity and new culture. Internet links the people of all over the world with cultures, identities an MoreAbstract:Internet and virtual world is one of the important communication tools that succeed to change the daily life of people and have unmatched role in creation the identity and new culture. Internet links the people of all over the world with cultures, identities and different life styles with a enormous society that there is not any wall (barrier). However, the aim of current study is investigation the dimensions of the role of virtual world in shaping new communication culture and social identity of people in Isfahan. The method of study is cross-sectional survey with two targets of describe and explanation. The statistical society contains of all men and women with more than 15 years in Isfahan and 384 of them were selected as our sample. Measuring tool for this study is a questionnaire that was made by researcher to testing the shaping of new communication culture, social identity and the usage level of virtual world. In order to analyzing the data it was used of descriptive statistics (average and standard deviation) and at the level of inferential statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and the method of structural equation modeling were used. The results showed that virtual world is effective on shaping new culture and social identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1020 - Identification and ranking of factors affecting the emergence of showcase management in Sarchesme copper complex Vahidah Salahipour , Mohammad Ziaaddini
Vahedeh Salahipoor mohammad ziaaddiniBackground and purpose: With the emergence of new sciences, management styles have also changed. Among these management styles, there is the emergence of showcase management that focuses on displaying performance instead of actual performance. The purpose of this resear MoreBackground and purpose: With the emergence of new sciences, management styles have also changed. Among these management styles, there is the emergence of showcase management that focuses on displaying performance instead of actual performance. The purpose of this research was to identify and rank the factors affecting the emergence of showcase management in Sarcheshme copper complex in 2021.Research method: The current research was conducted using descriptive-survey studies in a statistical sample of 50 employees of Sarcheshme Copper Complex until theoretical saturation. Research literature and questionnaires were used to identify the factors influencing the emergence of storefront management. The fuzzy Delphi technique was used to analyze the data.Findings: The findings showed that among the identified factors, 7 factors were approved by the experts in two rounds. Also, in the ranking of factors affecting the emergence of showcase management, the factor of lack of strategic intelligence, the factor of lack of meritocracy system and the factor of lack of effective performance evaluation system were ranked first to third.Conclusion: Showcase management style can have a negative aspect on various aspects of the work of the employees of an organization. In order to diminish this style in the workplace, it is necessary to focus on strengthening the strategic intelligence of managers, observing the meritocracy system, and implementing an effective performance evaluation system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1021 - Identifying the consequences of cultural competence in the public health sector
Eghbal Mohammadpour mansour irandoost hamid lorestani JALIL SAHABIBackground and purpose: cultural competence enables the service provider to perform optimally in a multicultural environment and empowers the government organization in terms of flexibility and adaptability. This article was conducted with the aim of identifying the con MoreBackground and purpose: cultural competence enables the service provider to perform optimally in a multicultural environment and empowers the government organization in terms of flexibility and adaptability. This article was conducted with the aim of identifying the consequences of cultural competence in the public health sector.Research method: First, meta-synthesis method was used to analyze the research literature, then in the second step, using the opinions of 12 university experts through a semi-structured questionnaire and a two-step Delphi method was used to finalize the model.Findings: First, with a systematic review of 311 scientific sources, which reached 29 after refinement, 3 indicators and 8 sub-indices affecting cultural competence were extracted, then in a questionnaire of 12 experts in the first round, the Kendall coefficient was 625/. It was achieved and by making corrections in the second step, the approved result was 731/. Was obtained.Discussion and conclusion: indicators of cultural security, desirable quality of work life, organizational trust, feeling of respect, self-empowerment, promotion of public culture, reduction of cultural costs, promotion of cultural health, are eight final sub-indices. The application of this article in the public healthcare sector can be a tool for evaluating cultural competence and its findings can be the basis for conducting management measures for organizational improvement and reform. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1022 - Designing a model of effective factors on the strategic improvement of human resources in the judiciary of the country
الهه هاشم زهی امین نیک پورAbstractBackground and objective: successful organizations seek to improve their human resources strategies in such a way that they can attract, develop and retain the talents that are necessary for their survival. The purpose of this research is to design a model of fa MoreAbstractBackground and objective: successful organizations seek to improve their human resources strategies in such a way that they can attract, develop and retain the talents that are necessary for their survival. The purpose of this research is to design a model of factors affecting the strategic improvement of human resources in the courts of the country.Research method: In this applied research, the content analysis method was used. The statistical community in the qualitative section was formed by 25 managers and judicial experts who had experience and expertise in strategic improvement of human resources, who were selected by snowball method. In the quantitative section, the interpretive structural equation method was used.Findings: The results showed that the designed model includes 98 concepts, 13 categories and 9 dimensions. MICMAC analysis showed that the variables of establishing strategic communication and career path development were more influenced by other factors and the variables of succession and professional capabilities and strategic performance management and empowerment and training and strategic reward management were part of the linked variables in terms of effectiveness and effectiveness and the attitude variable Strategic is one of the key variables.Conclusion: Considering that the strategic attitude plays an important role in the strategic improvement of human resources, managers should pay attention to the strategic attitude as a successful paradigm, and employees with a full understanding of this attitude in the work environment can improve their personal growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1023 - Designing an organizational Commitment model in Iran's Ports and Maritime Organization
وحید پورشهابی Hamidreza Khodadadi DidaniAbstractBackground and purpose: Organizational commitment is a mental state that determines the desire and need of employees to continue working in an organization. The purpose of this research is to design an organizational requirement model in Iran's Ports and Maritim MoreAbstractBackground and purpose: Organizational commitment is a mental state that determines the desire and need of employees to continue working in an organization. The purpose of this research is to design an organizational requirement model in Iran's Ports and Maritime Organization.Research method: In terms of purpose, this research is developmental-applied and exploratory. The research method is the foundation data.The logic of selecting sample members was based on theoretical and snowball sampling. Interviews were conducted with 15 organizational and academic experts until theoretical saturation. Max QDA software was used for data analysis through coding steps.Findings: The findings of the research were presented in six main collections as the dimensions of the paradigm model of the organizational requirement and in the form of a research model. Causal, contextual, intervening, strategic and consequential factors of organizational requirement in the Port and Maritime organization of the country were identified.Conclusion: If managers focus on the factors that increase organizational commitment and provide conditions for employees, not only will employees' commitment to the organization increase, but it will bring positive consequences for the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1024 - Designing a self-directed learning model in the University of Medical Sciences using the hybrid method Mehran Molarzaei
mehran molarezaeiAbstractBackground and purpose: One of the aspects of organizational learning is self-directed learning, in which the employees of the organization are responsible for their personal learning so that they develop specialized knowledge and the ability to transfer knowled MoreAbstractBackground and purpose: One of the aspects of organizational learning is self-directed learning, in which the employees of the organization are responsible for their personal learning so that they develop specialized knowledge and the ability to transfer knowledge in new situations. The purpose of this research is to design a model of self-directed learning in the University of Medical Sciences using a hybrid method.Research method: The present research was conducted using meta-combination method in several stages at the University of Medical Sciences. After identifying the concepts and codes of factors affecting self-directed learning and evaluating, its validity and reliability, the initial conceptual model of the research was designed. From the 72 retrieved studies, 7 studies related to the purpose of the study were included for meta-combining. At the level of analysis and presentation of the model, Sandelovski and Barso (2006) Meta combination method was used.Findings: The findings showed that the research model included 6 factors influencing self-directed learning. These factors included self-efficacy, motivation to progress, self-management skills, desire to use technology, desire to learn and share knowledge. The identified factors were approved by experts.Conclusion: The importance of self-directed learning in organizations requires focusing on factors influencing it and institutionalizing these factors among employees. The new model presented for the University of Medical Sciences can be useful for managers and planners of the health system Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1025 - Analysis of the effect of sustainable human resource management and industry progress on employees' employability skills (Study case: University of Sistan and Baluchistan)
abdolali keshtegar Asma Salehi abdulwasi sadatAbstractBackground and purpose: Organizations in today's changing and unpredictable world, where environmental changes have caused extensive changes in the nature of jobs, need employees with stable employability skills in order to survive, grow and gain a competitive a MoreAbstractBackground and purpose: Organizations in today's changing and unpredictable world, where environmental changes have caused extensive changes in the nature of jobs, need employees with stable employability skills in order to survive, grow and gain a competitive advantage. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of sustainable human resource management and industry progress on employees' employability skills of Sistan and Baluchistan University.Research method: The research method is based on the applied goal and based on the descriptive-survey implementation method. The statistical population of the research included all employees with master's and doctorate degrees of the University of Sistan and Baluchistan in the number of 248 people, based on Cochran's formula, 150 people were selected as the sample size by simple random method. The data collection method was library and field studies. And the data analysis method was the structural equation modeling approach.Findings: The results showed that the sustainable human resource management variable has a positive and significant effect on the employability skills of employees with an impact factor of 0.55. Also, the impact of industry development on the employability skills of employees was estimated with an impact factor of 0.63.Conclusion: The more flexible the employees, the more training courses based on long-term skills, the more opportunities for participation and empowerment, and the knowledge of technological skills such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, etc. They will become far more employable and will be more prepared to accept future jobs in the changing world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1026 - Presenting a Knowledge-Based Human Resource Management Model in Sari Executive Agencies
Mahsa shahmoradi sanjar salajeghe Aflatoon AmiriThe purpose of this study is to present a knowledge-based HRM model in the executive agencies of Sari. Questionnaire was used for data collection. The statistical population of this study is divided into two groups: experts, managers and assistants. Experts in this stud MoreThe purpose of this study is to present a knowledge-based HRM model in the executive agencies of Sari. Questionnaire was used for data collection. The statistical population of this study is divided into two groups: experts, managers and assistants. Experts in this study consisted of 10 people including management professors and statistical community in pattern assessment process, all managers and assistants of executive agencies in Sari. 584 individuals were selected by stratified sampling method. Descriptive and inferential statistics and Spss, AMOS, KMO and T-Test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a relationship between human resource management and knowledge management. There was a significant relationship between all variables of research and their dimensions and the only relationship between knowledge sharing dimension and HRM was not significant. Also, the status of human resource management and knowledge management is relatively favorable. In line with the goals of these executives, senior management support effectively enhances the level and quality of knowledge sharing through committed employees, human resource management practices, key approaches to extracting and enhancing the knowledge and expertise of staff that the organization needs. has it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1027 - Investigating the effect of increasing the height of bridge piers on seismic behavior of isolation systems in urban bridges (A case study on the Hesarak Bridge)
Mehdi Firoozbakht aliakbar edalati -
Open Access Article
1028 - Investigating the effect of increasing the height of bridge piers on seismic behavior of isolation systems in urban bridges (A case study on the Hesarak Bridge)
Mehdi Firoozbakht Aliakbar Edalati -
Open Access Article
1029 - Comparative study of students' information literacy level (Case study: male and female high school students in Ardabil)
Ali Asghar Kia Hosein Barzeghar shahriar gholizadehThe purpose of this study is to explain the concept of information literacy, evaluate, compare and determine the level of information literacy of male and female high school students in Ardabil in the academic year 1300-1499 and also emphasize the need for information l MoreThe purpose of this study is to explain the concept of information literacy, evaluate, compare and determine the level of information literacy of male and female high school students in Ardabil in the academic year 1300-1499 and also emphasize the need for information literacy education among students in order to understand and Identify information needs, evaluate and make optimal use of information resources, produce knowledge and learn for life.This research is a survey-descriptive research method in which data were collected through a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study includes all high school students in Ardabil city in the tenth, eleventh and twelfth grades and in three fields of mathematics, physics, humanities and experimental sciences in the academic year 1300-1400, which is a total of 9363 people ( It consists of 4756 female students and 4607 male students. The sample size was 396 people using Cochran's formula. To be accurate and reliable, 400 people were included, including 203 girls and 197 boys; Were studied. Also in the statistical sample, 133 people were in humanities, 132 people were in experimental sciences and 135 people were in mathematics and physics.The results indicate a significant difference between the level of information literacy of male and female high school students in Ardabil, the higher level of knowledge literacy of students in mathematics and physics and the existence of a significant relationship between socio-economic status of students and status It was their information literacy.Keywords: Student, Information Literacy, Information Literacy Skills, Information Society, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1030 - A survey on information pollution in common data-bases of Islamic Azad University of Tehran Science & Research Branch in retrieving library information from the viewpoint of postgraduate students
fahimeh Babolhavaeji nafiye GorjizadeObjective: The main purpose of this study is determining the information pollution in data bases shared by the Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch in library Information Retrieval from the viewpoint of postgraduate students and is determining the MoreObjective: The main purpose of this study is determining the information pollution in data bases shared by the Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch in library Information Retrieval from the viewpoint of postgraduate students and is determining the average information pollution in content of abstracts, bibliographic information, keywords and contamination caused by writing. Methodology: The methodology in this research is documental and analytical survey .Two societies of research include five database: Emerald, Pro Quest, Science Direct, ISI Web of knowledge, Scopus and graduate students of Library and Information Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research branch. For this study two different questionnaires were used. Findings: The findings showed between the mean score of pollution Factors of bibliographic data to separate databases are significant differences. So that Proquest in this category is in the first place. It also was determined. the mean score of pollution factors in the abstract of five databases, is no significant difference database. But ISI Web of knowledge Had little more pollution than others. Comparison of pollution in the keyword information shows the mean scores between pollution factors to separate data bases are no significant different , so that Emerald has more pollution. It also was determined between the mean score pollution factor caused by writing data exists significant difference. So that in this group Science Direct is in the first place. Conclusion: Although these five bases are studied in the humanities, but the results showed each database does not meet all user needs entirely. To reduce pollution using standard thesaurus, fix any spelling mistakes and inappropriate information with competent judgment, reduce the contradictory information, stained bias and biased information, misleading and unfounded is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1031 - Examining the role of urban rules and regulations on the organization of the image and landscape of Tehran Community Verified icon
islam karamiInvestigating Role of Urban Codes and Regulations on Organizing Tehran Urban The urban landscape is the contact surface of human beings and the city that is revealed through human experience and humanbeing-environment interaction. Developments over the past decades ma MoreInvestigating Role of Urban Codes and Regulations on Organizing Tehran Urban The urban landscape is the contact surface of human beings and the city that is revealed through human experience and humanbeing-environment interaction. Developments over the past decades made it necessary to pay attention to urban façade and landscape organization. An overall look at today's urban landscape is proof of this claim. Meanwhile, the role of urban codes and regulations as one of the most important factors effective on urban landscape formation will be investigated. In this research, an exploratory analysis was done, and the effective components of the urban landscape formation were extracted by a field survey using the questionnaire. After analysis, some executive and efficient suggestions would be proposed for the urban landscape planners. The statistic population included the executive managers, architecture and urban planning specialists and experts, and people living in the city Keywords: landscape, urban façade, urban rules, codes and regulations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1032 - The Relationship Between Air Pollutionand Anatomical and Development of the Laurus nobilis L. Plant and Two Effective Enzymes on This Relationship
Hamideh Sanaeirad Ahmad Majd Hossein Abbaspour Maryam PeyvandiAbstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of air pollutants, which is the stressful factors and by human intervention, on some of anatomical and development of the Laurus nobilis L. plant and its relation with Peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzy MoreAbstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of air pollutants, which is the stressful factors and by human intervention, on some of anatomical and development of the Laurus nobilis L. plant and its relation with Peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes. Therefore, perfectly similar samples in terms of age and storage conditions were chosen from two clean area (Jamshidieh Park in northern Tehran) and contaminated area (Besat Park located in southeast of Tehran and near to the South Terminal) and in one day and in every region 4 bushes were harvested as 4 repetitions. Leaf area, types and numbers of stomata, sectioning of leaf, stems and roots was done and the amount of activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes was investigated. Enzymes'activity, the number of stomata per mm2 of leaf and leaf level in samples of contaminated area was increased significantly (pr<0.01) and anatomical and development revealed changes,suggesting the activation of protective mechanisms in these plants under air pollution stress, and also observed responses are regarded as adaptive and compensative to the adverse effects of air pollution . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1033 - Indirect regeneration of endangered Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss
parisa jonubi Ahmad Majd mitra zamani nasrabadiDaracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss is a pharmaceutical and aromatic species of Lamiaceae which could be found in the northern and the north-eastern highlands of Iran. D. Kotschyi is an endangered species due to specific circumstances of habitat and human indiscriminated harv MoreDaracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss is a pharmaceutical and aromatic species of Lamiaceae which could be found in the northern and the north-eastern highlands of Iran. D. Kotschyi is an endangered species due to specific circumstances of habitat and human indiscriminated harvest. In vitro culture of different explants from sterile seedlings showed that all of media used for hypocotyl just produced callus without any shoot regeneration. The best callus production obtained from 14 day old - cotyledonary leaves cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 BA and 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. These calli were subcultured to MS medium containing 2 mg l-1 BA and 0.2 mg l-1 NAA that showed 33.3% shoot regeneration. In order to indirect regeneration using sequential reculturing, cotyledonary leaves on MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 BA and 1 mg l-1 NAA that 53.3% shoot regeneration was obtained. 75% from regenerated plants that were subcultured on root induction medium supplemented by 2 mg l-1 NAA could produce the strong roots. These plants were transferred to vermiculite and soil.They were adapted to greenhouse condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1034 - The Basics and Functions of Putinism in Russia
Jahangir Karami Mahin Niroomand -
Open Access Article
1035 - Considering the Coefficient of Relationship between the Students’ Attitude toward Social Networks Policy making with Social Security Feeling
Mohammadreza Rafiee Dowlatabadi Reza Abdolrahmani Yousef Torabi -
Open Access Article
1036 - The Dialectics of Globalization and the Rise of Populism: Selected Issues in Perspective
Oluwatobi Aje Yildom Dungse Felix Chidozie -
Open Access Article
1037 - Policies on Non-Oil Export of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Age of Globalization (With Emphasis on Paintings)
Tooran Taghdimi Asghar Moshabaki Isfahani Reza Salehi Amiri Mehrdad Navabakhsh -
Open Access Article
1038 - EU Actions Regarding the Principle of Non-Refoulement of Asylum Seekers in Light of EU-Turkey Agreement
Reza Mousazadeh Ahmadreza Azarpendar -
Open Access Article
1039 - Iran and Canada Relations Main Obstacles and Bilateral Perspectives
Majid Bozorgmehri Sonaz Nasiri -
Open Access Article
1040 - Reflections on different aspects of Reza Shah’s absolute/modern state; a Durkheimian structural perspective
Ghaffar Zarei Taghi Jafari -
Open Access Article
1041 - Transcendent Wisdom Patterns for Political Science
Mohammad Pezeshgi -
Open Access Article
1042 - Historical Analysis of the Iraqi Shiites’ Status from the Era of Imam Ali (AS) until the fall of Saddam
Zeinab Sadat Mirmohammadi Samaneh Keshvardoost Nayereh Mirzababaei -
Open Access Article
1043 - Pathology of the Islamic Councils in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Behnaz Azhdari -
Open Access Article
1044 - Decision-Making Structure in the Domain of Gas, Procedures and Results
Mohammad Reza Tamri Faramarz Mirzazadeh Saeed Nariman Garineh Keshishyan Siraki -
Open Access Article
1045 - The Position of the Concept of Revolution in Hannah Arendt's Political Thought
Seyyed Khodayar Mortazavi Erfan Ahangari -
Open Access Article
1046 - Effect of Globalization on National Sovereignty, Including the Role of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Ethnic Identity: (Turkmen Tribe in Golestan Province)
Mohammad Bagher Molaeifar Hassan Abniki Seyed Khodayar Mortazavi -
Open Access Article
1047 - Israeli-Arab Relations; from Dream to Reality
Samira Zarghami Khosravi Mehdi Zakerian Amiri Kayhan Barzegar Ali Asghar Kazemi Zand -
Open Access Article
1048 - The Challenges of the Elections Systems of Persian Gulf Arab Countries
Omeh Leila Enayati -
Open Access Article
1049 - Politicizing the Tunisian Ennahda Islamist Movement
Majid Alavian Garineh Keshishyan Siraki -
Open Access Article
1050 - Impact of Oil Revenues on Creation of a Rentier State and Democracy in Post-revolution Iran (2005-2013)
Mohsen Askari Jahaghi -
Open Access Article
1051 - New Science and Technology in Line with Terrorist Groups in the Middle East
Abdolssamad khosravi Ali Mohammad Haghighi -
Open Access Article
1052 - The Cultural-Social duties of students from the Leaders of Islamic Republic of Iran viewpoint
saeedeh khorasani hosseinali jahed dariush matlabiMany academics are not familiar enough with the duties of students from the point of view of the leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and no coherent study has been done in this field. Students, to succeed in academic life and fulfill their special social roles, hav MoreMany academics are not familiar enough with the duties of students from the point of view of the leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and no coherent study has been done in this field. Students, to succeed in academic life and fulfill their special social roles, have various duties. The objective of this study is to identify the social-cultural duties of students from the viewpoint of leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, their speeches from the commencement of leadership until the fall of 2019 have been collected and analyzed The main sources of Imam Khomeini's(RA) statements include the website for the expansion of Imam Khomeini's(RA) opinions and ideas and the books "University and Academics", "The Mission of Cultivators and Academics from Imam Khomeini's Viewpoint" … and the main sources of the Supreme Leader's speeches include the books of “The Light of Knowledge”, “The Shadow of Guardianship”, and website of the Supreme Leader’s Office. To extract the social-cultural duties of students, 28 speeches from Imam Khomeini and 148 speeches from Imam Khamenei were examined using content analysis. The results indicate that the socio-cultural duties of students include "identity formation and motivation"(93.36%), demanding and questioning(55.29%); . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1053 - Governance of Islamic medicine with media tools
Seyed Hamed Mosavi panah Jafar Hosseinporsaadatabadi Esmail kavousyThe present article aims to achieve the key components in achieving the rule of Islamic medicine through the media with a qualitative method and interview technique among 20 Islamic medicine experts and media studies experts with theoretical saturation. The theoretical MoreThe present article aims to achieve the key components in achieving the rule of Islamic medicine through the media with a qualitative method and interview technique among 20 Islamic medicine experts and media studies experts with theoretical saturation. The theoretical basis of the research has been interpreted based on the ideas of planting theory, social learning and highlighting and magic bullets.Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The research findings show that the key components in several categories are: media content, professional and economic independence of the media, audience needs assessment, interest groups and psychological tactics, each of which is related to each other and can lead to domination. Be a style of treatment, ie Islamic medicine. In general, the view of experts on the performance of the national media in the field of Islamic medicine, the national media needs to pay more attention to the content, the dominance of incorrect media style policies in the media and balance in disseminating content based on Islamic treatment culture and modern medicine. .Keywords: Islamic medicine governance, national media, medical management, audience Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1054 - The effects of irrigation with saline water on some morphological traits in Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Shabnam Ajam -
Open Access Article
1055 - Effect of salinity on morphological and physiological activities Accumulation in Mustard Plant (Brassica nigra.)
Mahroo Ghadrian -
Open Access Article
1056 - Assessment of Some Qualitative and Essence Percentage Traits in (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Under Urea Foliar Application and Irrigation with Purified Domestic Wastewater
Maede Modanlo -
Open Access Article
1057 - Simulation of yield decline with Aquacrop model (Case study: Qazvin irrigation network)
Mehdi Malekpour -
Open Access Article
1058 - Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host Cities
زهرا نوبخت رمضانیImpact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host CitiesAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on sport tourism in host cities. This research is a cross-sectional survey based on applied purpose and data collect MoreImpact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host CitiesAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on sport tourism in host cities. This research is a cross-sectional survey based on applied purpose and data collection method. Also, since the field method is used for data collection, this research is a survey type. The statistical population of the study consisted of sport management and marketing professors, experts from Tehran Province Cultural Heritage and Tourism Bureau, experts from Tehran Bureau of Sport and Youth Affairs, Orumieh, Semnan and business owners and hotel managers, including 151 persons. The purposive non-random sampling method was used as the statistical sample and the questionnaire was distributed among them randomly. The research questionnaire was developed by a researcher whose validity was confirmed by 10 professors and experts using Laosche's coefficient (0.62) and also by exploratory factor analysis. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha for all factors above 0.7. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used to represent demographic information (frequency tables, dispersal and central indices) and inferential statistics were used to respond to the research hypotheses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine normality of data distribution, KMO test to determine data adequacy, exploratory factor analysis to analyze data and identify key factors, then confirmatory factor analysis method was used to estimate significance, factor loadings and The most important indicators were used. SPSS software version 23 was used to calculate descriptive data and Smart PLS3 software was used for inferential data and confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the relationships between variables. The results showed that social factors include cultural model, social relationships, safety and security, customs, living standards of local communities, environmental and economic factors including investment, price of goods and lands and various markets, ease of travel and infrastructure development. The most important social factor was the cultural pattern (3.55) and the least important factor was the living standards of the local communities (3.31). The most important economic factors were investment (3.50) and the least important factor was ease of travel (2.47).The result is that awareness of the economic and social impacts is one of the factors that reduce the unwanted disruption to the life of the host community and maximize the positive economic and social impacts on sport tourism and also create a greater incentive for volunteer communities to earn a host score. income have more impact on the host city. Medium and under development and infrastructure factors had less impact than average. In general, sport tourism has both an economic and a societal impact on the host community. The cultural model was the least important one.Keywords: Sport tourism, social impacts, economic impacts, host community Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1059 - Identifying the challenges of border development in Iranian sports organizations
یییی یییی یی ییی سیدصلاح الدین نقشبندی محمد جلیلوند AbstractThe present study was designed and conducted to identify the challenges of border development in Iranian sports organizations. In terms of applied purpose, the present study was a descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method, which was mixed More AbstractThe present study was designed and conducted to identify the challenges of border development in Iranian sports organizations. In terms of applied purpose, the present study was a descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method, which was mixed based on the research approach. The statistical population of the qualitative part of this research consisted of elites and experts in the field of management aware of the subject of the research and in the quantitative part; the statistical population also included the president, vice president and secretary of sports federations. The tools of the present study included questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Open and axial coding was used to examine the data of the qualitative part and the structural equation method was used in the quantitative part. The whole process of data analysis was performed in SPSS software version 20 and Smart PLS version 2. The results of the present study showed that the challenges of border development in Iranian sports organizations include four general components: individual, organizational, international and infrastructure, of which organizational factors are more important. Also, the results of the present study showed that the research model has a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1060 - Analyzing the Role of Ethnocentrism and Consummate World of Urbanism on the Preference of Domestic and Foreign Sports Brands with Considering the Mediating Role of Product Quality
شکوفه درسازان ملایری بهرام یوسفی شهاب بهرامیAbstract Since consumers are the turning point of all marketing activities and the purchase of sports products is increasingly successful. Thus the current study was designed to determine analyzing the role of ethnocentrism and the consummate world of urbanism on the p MoreAbstract Since consumers are the turning point of all marketing activities and the purchase of sports products is increasingly successful. Thus the current study was designed to determine analyzing the role of ethnocentrism and the consummate world of urbanism on the preference of domestic and foreign sports brands with considering the mediating role of product quality. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and, based on the type of research method, a cross-sectional descriptive correlation based on structural equation modeling that was conducted in the field. The statistical population was students of the Islamic Azad University of Physical Education in the centers of the western provinces of the country. Using multi-stage cluster sampling and using the maximum likelihood method, 300 students were examined. SPSS statistical package was used for data analysis and the structural model was implemented with Amos22 software and the research hypotheses were tested. The results showed that the variable of consumer ethnicity directly and mediated by the quality of product performance could have a significant effect on the preference of domestic and foreign brands among students. While the variable of consumer urbanism did not affect the variable of preference to buy domestic brand over foreign and due to the lack of significance of the path coefficient was not able to predict the preference of buying the domestic brand. In general, the findings of the study confirm the main hypothesis expressed in the concept of ethnicity, people prefer to use domestic goods because of the insider goods. Keywords: World urbanism, Conscious ethnicity, Brand value, Product quality Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1061 - The effect of talent management on objective organizational forgetting with the mediator role of organizational agility (case study: Department of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province) تت
علی اصغر دورودیان محمدرضا غفارزاده Abstract The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of talent management on objective organizational forgetting with the mediator role of organizational agility (case study: Department of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province). Th More Abstract The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of talent management on objective organizational forgetting with the mediator role of organizational agility (case study: Department of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province). The study was a descriptive based on structural equation modeling. The statistical sample was equal to population consisted of all employees of the Sports and Youth Department of Tehran province, numbering 250 people. In this research, Mahmoudvand organizational forgetting questionnaire (2011), talent management skills of Taft (2011) and Organizational agility of Spitzer (2007) were used. Descriptive statistics, and structural equation modeling were used for analyzing data. Statistical analysis of this study was performed using SPSS version 20 and AMOS software. The results showed that talent management with a regression coefficient of 0.47 and a significant level of less than 0.05 had a significant positive effect on targeted organizational obsolescence in the general administration of sport and youth in Tehran province. Also, talent management has a positive correlation with regression coefficient of 0.53 and a meaningful level of less than 0.05 on organizational agility in the general administration of sport and youth in Tehran province. Finally, the results of path analysis indicated that talent management, while having a direct impact on organizational forgetting (-0.057), through the organizational agility mediator variable of 0.526, also affects organizational forgetfulness and increases organizational forgetfulness. Therefore, it is suggested that talent management be considered as one of the most important organizational measures in sport and youth in Tehran province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1062 - Q analysis in the development of public sports in South Khorasan province (with a social marketing approach)
کاظم چراغ بیرجندی شکرانه فتاده AbstractThe present study was conducted to analyze Q in the development of public sports in South Khorasan province (with a social marketing approach). The research method was applied in terms of exploratory purpose, in terms of exploratory nature and was of More AbstractThe present study was conducted to analyze Q in the development of public sports in South Khorasan province (with a social marketing approach). The research method was applied in terms of exploratory purpose, in terms of exploratory nature and was of mixed research type (qualitative-quantitative). In this study, 10 public sports activists of South Khorasan province were selected as the target population and interviewed with them based on Q method and cards based on Q propositions were distributed among them. Based on the distributed cards, 32 final propositions were identified and then prioritized by the participants. Finally, according to the findings and results of Q factor analysis, it was found that there is no mental model in relation to the factors affecting the development of public sports in South Khorasan Province (with a social marketing approach). According to these 9 models, it can be concluded that economic factors and financial support are the driving force for the development of public sports in South Khorsan province. Sport One can hope for the development of public sports in South Khorasan Province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1063 - Effect of perceived benefits in online shopping on attitude and intention to purchase sports products from the perspective of physical education students
مریم خانی زینالعابدین فلاح طاهر بهلکه ناصر بایThe main purpose of this study was to study effect of perceived benefits in online shopping on attitude and intention to purchase sports products from the perspective of physical education students. The present study was a descriptive-field survey. The statistical popul MoreThe main purpose of this study was to study effect of perceived benefits in online shopping on attitude and intention to purchase sports products from the perspective of physical education students. The present study was a descriptive-field survey. The statistical population includes all physical education students of Golestan province universities that 384 students were selected through available sampling as the statistical sample of the study. To collect research data, questionnaires of perceived benefits in online shopping of Wani & Malik (2013), attitude to online shopping of Sinha (2010), and customers’ intention to online purchase of Chou & Hsu (2016) were used. To analyze the data and identify the effects of research variables, structural equation modeling was applied.The results indicate that the ease of use of online shopping has a positive and significant effect on the attitude towards online shopping of physical education students. The effect of appropriate price in online shopping on the attitude towards online shopping was positive and meaningful. The results showed that product diversity in online shopping has a positive and significant effect on students' attitudes towards online shopping. Finally, the positive and significant effect of attitude to online shopping on the intention to online purchase of sports products in physical education students was confirmed. According to the results, providing information to customers about the use of the website by online sellers, the use of different pricing methods and the variety of products offered to customers are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1064 - Investigating the effect of managers' accountability on job satisfaction of physical education teachers in Sistan region
سیدمحمد حسین حسینی روش حمید اکاتی The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of managers' accountability on job satisfaction of physical education teachers in Sistan region. The research method of this research is descriptive and since it collects information about demographic chara More The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of managers' accountability on job satisfaction of physical education teachers in Sistan region. The research method of this research is descriptive and since it collects information about demographic characteristics and describes the current situation, it is of a survey type and on the other hand, according to the objectives of the research, it measures the relationship between variables. It is of the correlation type. In categorizing research by purpose, this research falls into the category of applied research. The statistical population of this study includes all physical education teachers in Sistan region with 250 people. The statistical sample was determined by simple random sampling using Cochran's formula of 151 people. To collect the data, the standard questionnaires of responses of Bowens (2005) and job satisfaction of Herzberg (2007) were used. Finally, due to the normality of the data; The research hypotheses were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis by SPSS software version 23. The results of the hypotheses showed that accountability and its components (organizational accountability, professional accountability, legal accountability and political accountability) have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Regression results showed that the response variable predicts about 59% of job satisfaction changes. Also, the components of accountability together predict about 43% of job satisfaction changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1065 - fffInvestigation of sports strategies and executive plans of the country (Case study; Iranian Sailing Federation)
علیرضا سهرابیان مقدم رضا صابونچی عباس شعبانی AbstractEvery organization today needs a map through which it can mark where it wants to go and show how to get there. The purpose of this study was to review the strategies and executive plans of sports in the country's sailing federation. The research was a desc More AbstractEvery organization today needs a map through which it can mark where it wants to go and show how to get there. The purpose of this study was to review the strategies and executive plans of sports in the country's sailing federation. The research was a descriptive-analytical research from the perspective of applied purpose and is in the field of strategic studies which was conducted as a case study. The statistical population of the study includes the president, vice president and former and current secretaries of the Sailing Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, all heads and secretaries of the provincial sailing boards. The sampling method was 369 people. In the research method, to determine the perspectives of the balanced scorecard, the researchers, after gathering the required information, used them existing literature, books and publications from the point of view of the members of the steering council. Based on the research findings, revenue generation strategies, marketing and diversification of the federation's financial resources in financial terms, advertising, promotion and use of media capacity in customer perspective, development of staff participation and research and planning expansion The design of an integrated system of sporting events at the provincial level, in terms of internal strategies, consolidation and strengthening of the volunteer movement, was arranged in terms of learning and growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1066 - Impact of Spiritual Leadership and Social Security feeling on Empowerment of Female Managers in Tehran Municipality Sport Complexes
elahe abdolmajid faride sharifi far Impact of Spiritual Leadership and Social Security feeling on Empowerment of Female Managers in Tehran Municipality Sport Complexes AbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of spiritual leadership and social More Impact of Spiritual Leadership and Social Security feeling on Empowerment of Female Managers in Tehran Municipality Sport Complexes AbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of spiritual leadership and social security feeling on the empowerment of female managers in Tehran municipalitysport complexes. This research is an applied purpose; descriptive-correlative research. The statistical population is all female managers of Tehran municipalitysport complexes. 101 of them were selected by simple random sampling.The FERI Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire (2005); Spritzer Empowerment Questionnaire (1995) and the Maleki Social Security feeling Questionnaire (2011) were used to collect data.The validity of the theoretical model and calculating the coefficients of influence were evaluated using the structural equation modeling method by PLS software. The results of the research showed that spiritual leadership has a significant effect on empowerment (t = 3.54, p = 0.001). Also, social security feeling has a negative significanteffect on empowerment of female managers (t = -3.12, p = 0.001). Managers should strengthen the ability, spirituality and social security in their employees by learning and implementing the components of leadership in their environment, and by drawing the goals and prospects for employees to create a positive image of the future and the sense of competence and effectiveness of their efforts in order toachieve goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1067 - Designing a Model of Entrepreneurship Sports -Recreation Tourism With Interpretive Structural Approach ئئئ
للللل ااااا ببب هههههه سید محمد رضا حسینی زین العابدین فلاح AbstractObjective: The present study sought to design a model of entrepreneurship, sports tourism, recreation with a structural-interpretive approach in the north of the country.Methodology: In terms of applied purpose and in terms of implementation method is desc More AbstractObjective: The present study sought to design a model of entrepreneurship, sports tourism, recreation with a structural-interpretive approach in the north of the country.Methodology: In terms of applied purpose and in terms of implementation method is descriptive-survey and correlational. For this purpose, in the first step, the constituent elements of the model of "development, entrepreneurship, sports tourism"-recreation from the theoretical literature (by systematic review method) were identified. The output of this step was to identify 88 sub-factors in the form of 7 main factors by Delphi method. In the next step, in order to establish the relationship and sequence between the factors and present their structural model, the method of interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used.Findings: The results indicate that the factors (cultural, social and marketing) are at level one and the factors (economic, sports structure, management and executive, entrepreneurial opportunities) are at level two.Conclusion: Finally, it can be said that the basis of the entrepreneurial model of sports-recreational tourism are factors (economic, sports structure, management and executive, entrepreneurial opportunities). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1068 - Consequences of word of mouth advertisement from the perspective of fitness clubs customers in Gonad Kavoos city
وحید وظیفهخواه دهجبار ناصر بای AbsrtactThe main purpose of this study was to study the consequences of word of mouth advertisement from the perspective of fitness clubs customers in Gonad Kavoos city. The present study was descriptive-correlation survey. The statistical population of this More AbsrtactThe main purpose of this study was to study the consequences of word of mouth advertisement from the perspective of fitness clubs customers in Gonad Kavoos city. The present study was descriptive-correlation survey. The statistical population of this study included all customers of fitness clubs in Gonad Kavoos city that 384 customers were selected as sample size by the available sampling method. For collecting research data, Kawakami et al (2013) word of mouth advertisement questionnaire and Chu & Yoojung (2011) attitudinal and behavioral consequences of customers were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used for data analysis.The results showed that word of mouth advertising has a positive and significant effect on increasing the awareness of customers. The effect of word of mouth advertising on the change attitude of customers was positive and significant. Another part of the results showed that word of mouth had a positive and significant effect on the recommendation of the club to others. Finally, the positive and significant effect of word of mouth advertising on the willingness to return customers was confirmed. According to the results, pay attention to the needs and wants of the fitness club customers and proper interaction with the customers are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1069 - The relationship between the person-job fit to structural empowerment of employees and organizational effectiveness (The study of youth and sports general directorate of Guilan state)
مصطفی رشیدی نیا رحیم رمضانی نژاد حمیدرضا گوهر رستمی مهدی جوکار Abstract This study aimed to survey of the relationship between person-job fit to structural empowerment of employees and organizational effectiveness in youth and sports general directorate of guilan state. The study method was descr More Abstract This study aimed to survey of the relationship between person-job fit to structural empowerment of employees and organizational effectiveness in youth and sports general directorate of guilan state. The study method was descriptive- correlation. Statistical society of this study was comprised of all employees of youth and sports general directorate of guilan state (110 people). Statistical sample was chosen equal to population (allpeople method). The study material included three questionnaire; person-job fit (Lauver&Brown, 2001); structural empowerment (Kordnaeij et all, 1394) and effectiveness (Chelladurai, 1987). Content validity of material was verified by 10 professors of sportive management and its reliability was verified through Cronbakh alpha (relatively 0/96, 0/88, 0/89). In order to analyze the data, the method of structural equations modeling in PLS software was used. The results showed that person-job fit has a significant relationship with structural empowerment (P=6/272; R=0/487), but its relationship with organizational effectiveness was not significant (P=1/511; R=_0/123). Also, structural empowerment has a significant relationship with organizational effectiveness (P=10/815; R=0/744). In this way, although person-job fit didn’t have significant relationship with organizational effectiveness directly, but indirectly through mediator variable, structural empowerment it can lead to improvement in organizational effectiveness. It can be concluded that lack of significant relationship between person-job fit and organizational effectiveness and meanwhile the existence of significant relationship between them through mediator variable, structural empowerment is indicative of the fact that necessarily in an organization, a very high person-job fit doesn’t lead to effectiveness but empowerment and continuous training has a very determining role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1070 - The Impact of Club Managers' Entrepreneurial Attitude on the Performance of Bodybuilding Clubs in Tehran Abstract
mehdi abdollahpor زهرا نوبخت رمضانی purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial attitude of club managers on performance of fitness clubs in Tehran. The research method was correlation and statistical population consisted of all managers of private bodybuilding clubs More purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial attitude of club managers on performance of fitness clubs in Tehran. The research method was correlation and statistical population consisted of all managers of private bodybuilding clubs in Tehran in 2014-2015. The investigation was identified. For data collection, Robert Morgan standard questionnaire (2007) and TAT standard questionnaire (2007) were used. The validity and reliability of these questionnaires were high and approved by sports management experts. Descriptive statistics (frequency statistics, abundance percentages, and graphs and tables) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and regression test) were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that all components of entrepreneurial attitude (innovation, risk taking and pioneering) have an impact on the financial and non-financial performance of fitness clubs in Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1071 - Developing a Model of Ethical Competencies of the Faculty Members of Physical Education Schools with a Combined Design Approach
محمد رضا مجدالدین علیرضا زارع AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a model of moral competencies of faculty members of physical education schools. The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative More AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a model of moral competencies of faculty members of physical education schools. The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative case study and potential participants included 17 faculty members of physical education schools. The sampling approach was purposeful and the sampling method was key experts. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The research tools of the interview were semi-structured and the content analysis in this section, two comprehensive themes of internal and external moral competence and four themes of organizational factors and environmental factors (internal) and organizational and environmental factors (external) and ninety-eight basic themes about competencies The ethics of the faculty members of the Faculty of Physical Education of Iran was discovered. In the quantitative part, the research method was descriptive-survey and the statistical population studied is all faculty members of the faculties and groups of physical education and sports sciences of the national faculties. According to the latest statistics, there are 38 educational centers with a statistical population of 369, the number of which was calculated based on Cochran's formula of 189 people. The tool used in the quantitative section was a researcher-made scale based on a network of thematic sections. Quantitative analysis was performed by confirmatory factor analysis to determine the validity of the model. The results of the quantitative section using first- and second-order factor analysis showed that the model of moral competence of faculty members of physical education schools has structural validity. Also, environmental and organizational factors (internal and external) have a significant impact on the pattern of moral competence of faculty members of physical education schools. Therefore, due to the necessity of the model of moral competencies of the faculty members of physical education schools in Iran, it is recommended that issues related to environmental and organizational factors (internal and external) be considered by the authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1072 - Investigating the effect of perception of organizational policies on amotivation mediating role of anxiety and depression with the role of mediator of anxiety and depression and the effect of amotivation on the eudaimonic Wellbeing of employee (Case Study: General Administration of Youth and Sports Organization of Fars province
مجتبی وزینی افضل عباسعلی رستگار محمد کشاورز اقبال جباری The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceptions of organizational policies on amotivation while investigating the role of mediator of anxiety and depression as well as the effect of amotivation the eudaimonic Wellbeing of employe More The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceptions of organizational policies on amotivation while investigating the role of mediator of anxiety and depression as well as the effect of amotivation the eudaimonic Wellbeing of employees. The purpose of this study is descriptive and survey method The statistical population in this study was 189 employees of General Administration of Youth and Sports Organization of Fars province who were selected by convenience sampling method. A standard 28-item questionnaire (To measure the perceptual of organizational policies from the Cassemary and Carlson Questionnaire (1997); to measure anxiety on the Fitzpatrick et al. Scale (2017); to measure depression on the Bass et al scale (2018 and to measure the the eudaimonic Wellbeing of Waterman scale (2011)) was used to collect the data. To analyze the data, partial least squares and Smart PLS-2 software were used. To assess the validity of the convergent validity, for the fitting reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used and its coefficient for all research structures was more than 0.7. The results show that perception of organizational policies has a positive and significant effect on anxiety, depression and amotivation. Anxiety and depression also have a positive and significant effect on the level of amotivation of the staff. But the results of the research showed a negative and significant relationship between the amotivation and the eudaimonic Wellbeing of the employees. Anxiety and depression also mediate the relationship between perception of organizational policies and amotivation. Keywords: Perception of Organizational Policies, Amotivation, Depression, Anxiety ,Eudaimonic Wellbeing of employee. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1073 - Validation of the questionnaire of factors affecting the evaluation of sports federations in the country
mohammad norozyan mozhgan khodamoradpor mozafar yektayar heresh soltanoanahThe purpose of this study was to validate a questionnaire affecting the evaluation of sports federations in the country. The research method is mixed or in combination, according to the purpose of the research. They included directors of sports federations and boards, s MoreThe purpose of this study was to validate a questionnaire affecting the evaluation of sports federations in the country. The research method is mixed or in combination, according to the purpose of the research. They included directors of sports federations and boards, staff members of sports federations and boards, and staff and officials of sports and youth departments. SPSS Sample Power software was used to determine the sample size in a small step. Using this method, the sample size was estimated to be 370 people, of which 370 questionnaires were distributed and collected among the statistical population. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The questions in this section were obtained based on the model derived from the researcher-made questionnaire. The scoring type of this questionnaire was based on the 5 Likert scale. Based on data analysis of 62 basic concepts, 9 main categories were identified. The identified indicators included managerial and financial factors, development of sports infrastructure, development of physical and equipment resources, educational factors, support and planning affairs, information technology, control and supervision, and cultural factors. The results showed the confirmation of items and factors in the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis tests, which means that the factor loads of items and factors were higher than 0.4. Finally, considering the growing trend of sports in the world arena, the enlightened managers of the federations should put this criterion at the top of the programs in developing their programs, and by evaluating and measuring performance, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1074 - The Relationship between Workplace fun with Organizational Citizenship Behavior Regarding the Role of Organizational Learning in Sports Teacher of Kermanshah
پیمان محمدی بابازیدی شهاب بهرامی سلمان محمدی بابازیدیAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Workplace fun and organizational citizenship behavior with respect to the role of organizational learning mediation. The present study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Workplace fun and organizational citizenship behavior with respect to the role of organizational learning mediation. The present study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all staff (240 persons) of Sports Teacher of Kermanshah province. Sampling method was random-clustered and 173 individuals were selected as sample. The research instrument was the Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire Podsakov and Mackenzie (1990), Workplace fun questionnaire in McDowell's (2004) and Neife's Organizational Learning Questionnaire (2001). In descriptive statistics, descriptive tables and descriptors were used to describe the demographic and descriptive characteristics of the research. The elasticity and skew indices are used to investigate the distribution of data (natural or abnormal) and to investigate and answer the research questions, compilation of the model, and the structural model of SPSS software version 24 and Smart PLS version 3.0 (because the number of samples in this study is less than 200 people, this software was used). The results of this study showed that there is a meaningful relationship between Workplace fun with organizational citizenship behavior considering the role of organizational learning mediation among of sport Teacher in Kermanshah. Organizational learning for intercultural communication in work and citizenship behavior, mediator role it is a minor type of mediator. it is suggested that measures be taken to extend the workforce to employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1075 - فرآیندهای واژه سازی به زبان انگلیسی و فارسی با تمرکز بر تبدیل
Mehran Ahmadi Behzad Ahmadiتکاربران زبان خلاقانه از تغییر دسته برای افزودن آیتم های واژگانی جدید به زبان خود استفاده می کنند. یکی از فرآیندهای سازنده واژه سازی در انگلیسی و فارسی که شامل تغییر دسته می شود، تبدیل است. تبدیل فرآیند تغییر یا تبدیل یک آیتم زبانی برای تشکیل یک آیتم واژگانی جدید است که Moreتکاربران زبان خلاقانه از تغییر دسته برای افزودن آیتم های واژگانی جدید به زبان خود استفاده می کنند. یکی از فرآیندهای سازنده واژه سازی در انگلیسی و فارسی که شامل تغییر دسته می شود، تبدیل است. تبدیل فرآیند تغییر یا تبدیل یک آیتم زبانی برای تشکیل یک آیتم واژگانی جدید است که به موجب آن ورودی ممکن است یک ریشه یا یک کلمه، یک عبارت یا یک ساختار بند باشد و خروجی همیشه یک آیتم واژگانی باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه و تقابل تبدیل در زبان انگلیسی و فارسی از نظر بهرهوری، کلاسهای واژهای که این فرآیند را طی میکنند و همچنین جهتپذیری آن است. روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی به منظور انجام تحلیل متضاد تبدیل به زبان انگلیسی و فارسی است. برای این منظور، موارد مختلف تبدیل در هر دو زبان به طور جداگانه مورد بررسی قرار میگیرد تا با توجه به بخشهایی از گفتار که ورودی و خروجی فرآیند تبدیل هستند، رایجترین انواع تبدیل در هر یک از زبانها شناسایی شود. نمونهها از فرهنگهای یکزبانه، مطالب چاپی و متون روزنامهنگاری آنلاین گرفته شدهاند. بر اساس نتایج، می توان نتیجه گرفت که در حالی که تبدیل یک فرآیند واژه سازی سازنده در زبان فارسی است، در مقایسه با زبان انگلیسی از نظر تنوع، فراوانی و هدف کاربردی آن متفاوت عمل می کند. انگلیسی مدرن فقط تبدیل کلمه به کلمه را دارد. اما در زبان فارسی جدید سه نوع تبدیل وجود دارد: تبدیل کلمه به کلمه، تبدیل مبدل به کلمه و تبدیل کلمه به ریشه. در مورد تبدیل مبتنی بر رتبه، در هر دو زبان انگلیسی و فارسی، تبدیل عبارت به کلمه و جمله به کلمه یافت شد. در هر دو زبان، فرآیند تبدیل مبتنی بر کلاس کاملاً سازنده است، اما تفاوتهایی را میتوان در ورودی و خروجی فرآیند تبدیل مشاهده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1076 - تحلیل برداشت مترجمان ایرانی از تحقیقات با تمرکز به سطح تحصیلات
Mohadese Karimi Neda Fatehi Radاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی راهبردهای ترجمه در ترجمه فارسی رمان "سینوهه" اثر والتاری براساس طبقه بندی وینی و داربلنت (1995) انجام گرفت. به این منظور، در این مطالعه از یک طرح تحلیل محتوای پیکره-محور با یک رویکرد کیفی بهره گرفته شد. پیکره بکاررفته در این مطالعه شامل 150 صفحه Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی راهبردهای ترجمه در ترجمه فارسی رمان "سینوهه" اثر والتاری براساس طبقه بندی وینی و داربلنت (1995) انجام گرفت. به این منظور، در این مطالعه از یک طرح تحلیل محتوای پیکره-محور با یک رویکرد کیفی بهره گرفته شد. پیکره بکاررفته در این مطالعه شامل 150 صفحه از رمان "سینوهه" به همراه ترجمه فارسی آنها توسط ذبیح الله می شد که از طریق نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل محتوای کیفی، آمار توصیفی (محاسبه فراوانی و درصد راهبردهای ترجمه و آزمون خی دو) انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که مترجم از راهبردهای ترجمه زیر استفاده کرده است: ترجمه جزء به جزء، معادل، انطباق، و ترجمه ی مستقیم، حذف و تغییر. یافته دیگر این مطالعه این بود کهترجمه جزء به جزء پربسامدترین راهبرد و حذف و تغییر کم بسامد راهبرد های بکار رفته در ترجمه بودند. همچنین، تفاوت معناداری بین فراوانی راهبردهای های استفاده شده توسط مترجم وجود داشت.واژگان کلیدی: فرهنگ، عناصر فرهنگی، راهبردهای ترجمه Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1077 - تاثییر تجزیه تحلیل نیازها بر ارتقا سطح مهارت نوشتاری زبان اموزان سطح متوسط
Sara Zafari Hossein Heidari Tabrizi َAzizeh Chalakاستفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل نیازها یک عمل دیرینه در تعیین حوزه هایی بوده است که باید در یک برنامه گنجانده شود و در نتیجه کارایی آن بهینه شود. در زمینههای یادگیری زبان دوم (L2)، از مطالعات تحلیل نیازها برای تعیین مؤلفههای آموزشی استفاده شده است که باید شامل یا حذف شوند تا Moreاستفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل نیازها یک عمل دیرینه در تعیین حوزه هایی بوده است که باید در یک برنامه گنجانده شود و در نتیجه کارایی آن بهینه شود. در زمینههای یادگیری زبان دوم (L2)، از مطالعات تحلیل نیازها برای تعیین مؤلفههای آموزشی استفاده شده است که باید شامل یا حذف شوند تا نیازها و ترجیحات فراگیران را برآورده کنند. این مطالعه تحقیقاتی به طور خاص بر تأثیر تحلیل نیازهای کاربر بر افزایش توانایی نوشتن زبان آموزان L2 متمرکز بود. این مطالعه شامل 128 زبان آموز متوسط انگلیسی از ایران بود که در دو مرکز خصوصی زبان ثبت نام کرده بودند و تصادفاً به گروه آزمایش و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. محققان از دادههای مصاحبه و پرسشنامه برای تنظیم برنامه درسی مطابق با نیازهای فراگیران استفاده کردند، در حالی که گروه کنترل دستورالعملهایی را بر اساس طرح کلی مؤسسه دریافت کردند. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نمرات فراگیران گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه کنترل تفاوت معناداری دارد. این نتایج نشان میدهد که انجام یک تحلیل نیاز در ابتدای هر دوره، بر اساس دادههای تجربی که نیازها و خواستههای گروههای فردی را در بر میگیرد، برای تنظیم رویکردهای آموزشی بر این اساس حیاتی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1078 - نقش کنشگرانۀ ترجمه در پیشبرد ضدامپریالیسم فرهنگی: تحلیلی تاریخی از ترجمههای علی شریعتی
Azita Ghazizadeh Hossein Mollanazarاز منظر اکتیویسم (کنشگری)، ترجمه بهمثابۀ ابزاری تأثیرگذار برای پیشبرد تغییرات مهم اجتماعی و سیاسی تلقی میشود. بر این اساس، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی نقش کنشگرانۀ ترجمه در ترویج نگرش مخالفت با امپریالیسم فرهنگی در ایران با تمرکز بر دو ترجمه از علی شریعتی انجام شد. برای Moreاز منظر اکتیویسم (کنشگری)، ترجمه بهمثابۀ ابزاری تأثیرگذار برای پیشبرد تغییرات مهم اجتماعی و سیاسی تلقی میشود. بر این اساس، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی نقش کنشگرانۀ ترجمه در ترویج نگرش مخالفت با امپریالیسم فرهنگی در ایران با تمرکز بر دو ترجمه از علی شریعتی انجام شد. برای دستیابی به این هدف، بررسی تاریخی ترجمهها با رویکردی اکتشافی- تحلیلی انجام شد. دادهها از منابع فرامتنی شامل پیشگفتار یا مقدمۀ مترجم، نظرات ترجمانی در منابعی غیر از کتابهای ترجمه شده، زندگینامه و اخبار یا دیدگاههای مربوط به ترجمهها بر اساس پرسشهای دهالست (2010) برای بررسی تاریخی ترجمه گردآوری شد. اطلاعات مربوط به مترجم و نویسندگان بر اساس روش چسترمن (2009) جمع آوری و تجزیه و تحلیل شد. دادهها با استفاده از نظریۀ تیماکسکو (2010) در مورد کنشگری در ترجمه تحلیل شد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که ترجمه بهعنوان ابزاری برای توسعۀ نگرش مخالفت با امپریالیسم فرهنگی در ایران مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. علاوه بر این، به نظر میرسد که ترجمهها در مرحلۀ دوم کنشگری در مقابله با استکبار یا امپریالیسم قرار دارند بدین ترتیب که با امپریالیسم مخالف بوده و آن را رد میکنند اما همچنان در تلاشند که هویتی مبتنی بر تفکر دوقطبی و تضادهای دوگانه تعریف کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1079 - A comparative study of the position of women in Islam and other Abrahamic religions
Nafiseh NavidIslam's view on women and her status is very different from other Abrahamic religions. Although divine religions, all originate from the source of revelation, But the existing difference is due to the distortions that have occurred in their teachings and scriptures thro MoreIslam's view on women and her status is very different from other Abrahamic religions. Although divine religions, all originate from the source of revelation, But the existing difference is due to the distortions that have occurred in their teachings and scriptures throughout history. The distorted Jewish religion has a negative attitude towards women and he is a secondary existence and a human which must always be submissive and owned by a man And she is deprived of her economic and social rights. The distorted religion of Christianity also considers the creation of woman to be according to man and for him. A woman is an imperfect creature and serves a man And she considers her a deceiver and a seducer You should always be safe from his evil and it does not deserve many human rights. Islam attaches great value to women. The Quran considers the creation of man and woman as independent and the essence of humanity as one and he considers women as worthy of benefiting from all human rights and she places her in the ranks of men in reaching the stage of perfection and closeness to God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1080 - The Role of Human Agency, Gender and Age in Identity Characteristics: Arnett's Emerging Adulthood
Mohammad Reza Fathi Ali Reza Kiamanesh Farhad JomehriThe purpose of the article was to investigate the relationship between the agency and demographic variables with the five identity characteristics of students based on Arnett’s emerging adulthood theory. The sample included 700 undergraduate students. To collect d MoreThe purpose of the article was to investigate the relationship between the agency and demographic variables with the five identity characteristics of students based on Arnett’s emerging adulthood theory. The sample included 700 undergraduate students. To collect data, the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (Reifman, Arnett & Colwell, 2007) and the Multi-Measure Agentic Personality Scale (Côté, 1997) were used. The results indicated that there was a relationship between the agency and the five features. The regression analysis showed that the agency played a role in explanation of the variance of all the characteristics. The gender and age in the explanation of the variance of three, and one characteristics was involved, respectively. As a result, students with a higher level of agency, were more self-focused, and did more identity exploration, had more optimistic viewpoint on their life period and consider it as an opportunity, had more experimentations. They had more feeling in-between, and feel less instabiity and negativity. Agency, gender and age can be used to predict five, three, and one characteristics, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1081 - Patterns of Family Communication and Learning Climate with Creative Problem Solving: The Mediating Role of Creative Attitudes
Zahra Delnavaz Mahboobeh Alborzi Fariba KhoshbakhtT his study aimed to investigate the mediating role of creativity attitudes on creative problem solving with regard to the patterns of family communicationand the learning climate. In this study, the patterns of family communicationand learning climate as predictor MoreT his study aimed to investigate the mediating role of creativity attitudes on creative problem solving with regard to the patterns of family communicationand the learning climate. In this study, the patterns of family communicationand learning climate as predictor variables, creativity attitudes as mediator and creative problem solving as dependent variable was examined.The sample included 300male and female students in fifth and sixth grades from primary schools of the Larestan participated in the study. Students completed “Creative Problem SolvingAttributes Inventory, Creativity Attitude Survey, Learning Climate Survey and Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire. Results of regression analysis and path analysis showed that creativityattitudes in the relationship between the patterns of family communicationand learning climate with creative problem solving wasnot significant. Conversation - orientation and learning climate were positive and significant predictor of creative problem solving and creativity attitudes. َAlso it was found that in creative problem solving, scores of girls was significantly higher than the scores of boys. Finally, this study showed the fundamental role of the patterns of family communication and learning climate to foster of creative problem solving thinking, and showed attitude is an important variable that influences the impact of social variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1082 - The Role of Alexithymia and Rumination in Predicting the Life Satisfaction in Obesity Patients
Mohammad Akbari Zohreh SayadpourO besity is one of the most common problems in today's world that can reduce the life satisfaction of people with this problem. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors related to their satisfaction with their lives. The present research was devoted to th MoreO besity is one of the most common problems in today's world that can reduce the life satisfaction of people with this problem. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors related to their satisfaction with their lives. The present research was devoted to the role of alexithymia and rumination in predicting the life satisfaction of obesity patients. The research method was descriptive and correlational based. Among all obese and overweight women who referred to weight loss treatment centers (centers for nutrition counseling and dietary regimen) in Tehran in 1395, 106 women with a minimum degree of education at the age range of 15-65 and a BMI higher than 30 were selected. They responded to Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS, Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS, Bagby, Parker, & Taylor, 1994), and Ruminative Response Scale (RRS, Nolen-Hoeksema and Marrow, 1991). The results of regression analysis showed that rumination and alexithymia significantly explained 25% of life satisfaction in obesity patients. Based on these results, the life satisfaction in obese people by controlling rumination and increasing the ability to express emotion can be increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1083 - Development of Instruction Plan Based on Generative Learning Theory Components to Enhance Self-Regulation
Leila Orvati Movaffagh Soghra Ebrahimi Ghavam Esmaeil Sadipour Ali Delavar Fariborz DortajT he purpose of this research is to development of generative instruction plan based on the components of generative learning theory to enhance self-regulation. The qualitative content analysis with deductive exploratory method used to identify generative learning MoreT he purpose of this research is to development of generative instruction plan based on the components of generative learning theory to enhance self-regulation. The qualitative content analysis with deductive exploratory method used to identify generative learning theory components and development of generative plan, And to provide strategies used of Thematic Matrix. The statistical population of this study include all experimental studies, review articles, dissertations and all resources related to generative learning from 1974 to 2017. With purposeful sampling selected 47 articles and one dissertation as units of study. For validation selected 10 experts in educational psychology and educational technology. Finally, extracted 14 main categories includes: attention, motivation, teacher, prior knowledge, Learning opportunities, Student perception, active learner, generation, evaluation, content, analysis, instruction, instructional environment and cooperative learning. Based on these components, instructional plan with the following sections developed: identifying and analyzing the learner, providing instruction, learners engagement, activating prior knowledge, providing content, creating learning opportunities, Facilitation and scaffolding, cooperative learning, generation and evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1084 - Effect of Resilience Education on Cognitive Appraisals, Coping and Emotions
Somayeh Mohebi Omid Shokri Hosein PourshahriarThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of resilience education program on girl students ‘cognitive appraisals, proactive coping and positive and negative emotional experiences. In this true-experimental study with pretest-posttest control-group MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of resilience education program on girl students ‘cognitive appraisals, proactive coping and positive and negative emotional experiences. In this true-experimental study with pretest-posttest control-group design in company with follow up stage, 32 girl students aged 12 year olds in experimental and control groups responded to the Stress Appraisal Measure-Revised (Rowley, Roesch, Jurica & Vaughn, 2005), the Proactive Coping Inventory (Greenglass, Schwarzer, Jakubiec, Fiksenbaum & Taubert, 1999) and the Modified Differential Emotions Scale (Fredrickson, Tugade, Waugh & Larkin, 2003). The experimental group received 10 resilience training sessions (1 hours a session). The results statistical procedures of multivariate and univariate covariance analysis indicated that resilience education program was effective in increasing challenging and resource appraisals, proactive coping strategy and positive emotions and in decreasing threat appraisal and negative emotions in short term and long term. These findings suggest that resilience training program by increasing positive thinking strategies, adaptive emotional management skills and interpersonal relationships skills enrichment could result in mental immunization in students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1085 - Psychometric Properties of the Academic Entitlement Scale
Mina Mahbod Mahboubeh FouladchangT he present study aimed to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Academic Entitlement Scale (AES) among Iranian university students. 451 university students were selected from Shiraz University in 2016 academic year using cluster rand MoreT he present study aimed to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Academic Entitlement Scale (AES) among Iranian university students. 451 university students were selected from Shiraz University in 2016 academic year using cluster random sampling method. To assess the reliability and internal consistency of the inventory, the correlation coefficient among items with the total score of factors, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, the correlation coefficient among the subscales and discriminant validity were used. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed embedding items and the two-factor structure of the scale including externalized responsibility and entitled expectation. The correlation of perceived control scale’s dimensions and academic entitlement scale’s dimensions were -.24 to -.55. These results show the discriminant validity of the scale. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was in satisfactory level for each factor (for entitled expectation .72 and for externalized responsibility, .81) and the total score of the scale (.81). The findings suggest that the AES is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing executive functions of Iranian university students and can be used as a suitable instrument in psychological research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1086 - The Effectiveness of Social Skills Training with Parents on Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms in Children
Leila Shirjang AmirHoshang Mahriar Hojatoallah Javidi Seyed Ebrahim HosseiniThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Brackley’s parent training program on reducing symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder among children of the Shiraz city. The present study was a semi-experimental research and a pretest-po MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Brackley’s parent training program on reducing symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder among children of the Shiraz city. The present study was a semi-experimental research and a pretest-posttest design with control group was applied. The statistical population consisted of 20 children aged 7 to 12 years who were referred to the counseling center of the Fars province education department due to behavioral problems, had oppositional defiant disorder symptoms based on clinical interview and Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4; Gadow & Sprafki, 1994), and assigned to experimental (10 subjects) and control (10 persons) groups through convenience sampling. The experimental group mothers were trained according to Barclay’s protocol for 8 sessions. The follow-up phase was performed two months after the intervention. Based on covariance analysis, Brackley’s parent training program has a significant effect on reducing the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. Also, the follow-up phase findings indicated that Brackley’s parent training was effective in controlling the symptoms of children’s oppositional defiant disorder. The results of this study indicate that, the intensity of oppositional defiant disorder in children can be reduced by teaching social skills to their parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1087 - Emotional Development of Children with Autism based on Developmental, Individual Differences Model
Kobra Abazari Mokhtar Malekpour Amir Ghamarani Ahmad Abedi Salar FaramarziThis study aimed to investigate the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of Developmental, Individual Differences Model (DIR). Thirty autistic children were selected by non-random sampling from 3 autistic centers and 30 typical ch MoreThis study aimed to investigate the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of Developmental, Individual Differences Model (DIR). Thirty autistic children were selected by non-random sampling from 3 autistic centers and 30 typical children were selected randomly from Tehran. The sample’s mothers completed the Functional Emotional Questionnaire (Greenspan, 2001). The parents of two groups were matched on socioeconomic status, age and education. The results indicated that there were significant differences between autistic and typical children in terms of 6 stages of emotional development: self- regulation and interest in the world, intimacy, two-way communication, complex communication, emotional ideas, emotional and logical thinking in their lower and previous ages (0-3/5). In the children’s current age, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the stages, except for the fifth & sixth stages in which emotional development of typical children were higher than children with autism. The lower emotional development of children with autism in the fifth & sixth stages might be due to the sensory processing, language, and vision defects in autistic children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1088 - The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in the Relationship Between Attachment Orientations and Psychological Adjustment
Narges Attaran Noralla MohammadiThe aim of this research was to examine the relationship between attachment and adjustment with the mediating role of self-esteem. Our research method was correlational research based on path analysis method. The statistical population were consisted of 225 students of MoreThe aim of this research was to examine the relationship between attachment and adjustment with the mediating role of self-esteem. Our research method was correlational research based on path analysis method. The statistical population were consisted of 225 students of Shiraz high schools (102 female and 123 male) that were chosen by multistage sampling. The means were the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armesden & Greenberg, 1987), Bell Adjustment Inventory (1961) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965). For data analysis we used path analysis. The results showed that attachment to mother and peer effectively predict self-esteem. Attachment to mother directly predicted subscales of home and social adjustment. Also, attachment to father could directly predict the affectional adjustment as well as home adjustment, and Peer attachment predicted directly the social adjustment. Furthermore, self-esteem had significant relationships with other dimensions of adjustment. Other findings revealed the mediating role of self-esteem on the relationship between attachment style and psychological adjustment. So, it can be concluded that attachments style and self-esteem, are two important components in prediction of adjustment in adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1089 - The Relationship between Self-Handicapping and Unstable Self-Esteem: The Mediating Role of Fear of Negative Evaluation
Atie Arab Mohebi Shahrabi Shahla Pakdaman Mahmood HeidariThis study aimed to examine the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation in the relationship between self-handicapping and instability of self-esteem. The sample consisted of 150 eighth grade girl students (mean age=14years) in 2015-2016 academic year. The particip MoreThis study aimed to examine the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation in the relationship between self-handicapping and instability of self-esteem. The sample consisted of 150 eighth grade girl students (mean age=14years) in 2015-2016 academic year. The participants completed the short version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNES-B; Leary, 1983), the Self-Handicapping Scale (Jones & Rvdvlt, 1982) and the Unstable Self-esteem Scale (Chabrol, Rocio, & Callahan, 2006). The data were analyzed using regression method. The results indicated that self-esteem could predict both aspects of self-handicapping. The results supported the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation in the relationship between self-handicapping and self-esteem instability. The findings suggested that the unstable self-esteem, partly had an effect on self-handicapping through fear of negative evaluations. As a result, stability of self-esteem can be enhanced by addressing the fear of negative evaluation in adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1090 - The Effect of Stress Induction on Failure and Working Memory: The Role of Cognitive Flexibility
Parisa Sharifi Seyyed AliMohammad Mousavi Mojtaba DehghanThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stress induction on cognitive failure and working memory with regard to the role of cognitive flexibility. The study used a quasi-experimental design of pretest - posttest groups. The study population were femal MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stress induction on cognitive failure and working memory with regard to the role of cognitive flexibility. The study used a quasi-experimental design of pretest - posttest groups. The study population were female students who lived in dormitories of Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin, which 100 of them selected by convenience sampling, and of these, 44 participants (22 participants with highly cognitive flexibility and 22 participants with lower cognitive flexibility) were entered into the final analysis. For data collection, Working Memory Test )Daneman & Carpenter, 1980), Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (Broadbent, Cooper, Fitzgeral & Parkes, 1982), and Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis & VanderWal, 2010) was used. The findings showed that after stress induction, there was a significant difference between the two groups with high cognitive flexibility and low cognitive flexibility in terms of performance of the mental processing part of working memory and three dimensions of cognitive failure including distraction, memory problems and action slips. However, under conditions of stress experience, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of mental storage and not remembering names. Therefore, it can be concluded that stress experiences affect mental processing of working memory and most dimensions of cognitive failures, but this is dependent on the level of cognitive flexibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1091 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Washington University Sentences Completion Test (WUSCT)
Ashraf Sadat Mousavi Parviz Azad Fallah Mohsen Dehghani, Hojatolah FarahaniThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and factorial structure) of the Persian version of the Washington University Sentences Completion Test (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger 1996) for evaluating ego development. Two hundred and eig MoreThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and factorial structure) of the Persian version of the Washington University Sentences Completion Test (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger 1996) for evaluating ego development. Two hundred and eighty nine undergraduate students (143 females, 146 males) were selected from different disciplines of Tehran University using convenience sampling. The guilt subscale of the Personal Feeling Questionnaire (Harder & Zalma, 1990) and the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (Kelley, et al., 1985) were used for studying divergent validity. The results indicated that the WUSCT had appropriate internal consistency (ranged from 0/118 to 0/326). The Cronbach α and 2-weeks test-retest reliability were .781 and .876, respectively. The negative correlation of the WUSCT with self-destructiveness demonstrated the divergent validity of the WUSCT. The WUSCT could discriminate the group with high ego development from the group with low guilt and self-destructiveness which indicated the discriminant validity of the WUSCT. The factorial analyses indicated that the WUSCT was unidimensional. The findings suggest that the Persian version of the WUSCT is a valid and reliable tool for assessing ego development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1092 - The Modeling of Internet Addiction Based on Identity Styles: The Mediating Role of Alexithymia
Hossein Ali Ghanadzadegan Mahdiye Salehi Roya Kochakentezar Mozhgan sepahmansorThe study aimed to investigate the internet addiction model based on identity styles and mediating role of alexithymia in students. This research was a correlational research based on the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this study was MoreThe study aimed to investigate the internet addiction model based on identity styles and mediating role of alexithymia in students. This research was a correlational research based on the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this study was all of secondary high school students in Sari. In this study, 361 people were selected by multistage sampling and responded to the Identity Style Scale (Berzonsky,1992), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby, Taylor & Parker, 1994), and Internet Addiction Scale (Young,1998). The findings showed good model fit and 41% of Internet addiction variance were explained by identity styles and alexithymia. The results of this study highlights the importance of the role of identity as well as the mediating role of alexithymia on students' extreme internet tendencies and has implications for improving mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1093 - The Efficacy of Parent- Child Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention on Behavioral Problems of Physically Abused Children and Parental Practices
Mina Moein Eslam Mohamad Ali Mazaheri Karine Tahmasian Jalil FathabadiThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of parent- child focused cognitive- behavioral intervention on decreasing behavioral problems of physically abused children and improving parental practices. Twenty eight children aged 7-9 years from the Associa MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of parent- child focused cognitive- behavioral intervention on decreasing behavioral problems of physically abused children and improving parental practices. Twenty eight children aged 7-9 years from the Association for Protection of Working Children in Tehran and their mothers were selected by available sampling. Fifteen pairs of mother-child were assigned into the parent-child group and 13 mothers were assigned into the parent focused group. The mothers received 5 sessions of the combined parent-child cognitive- behavioral therapy package and the children received 8 sessions of the package. Posttest conducted at the end of the intervention. The study had a 2-month follow-up period. The mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991), the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Frick, 1991) and the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (Milner, 1986). The data were analyzed by mixed ANOVA. The results indicated that the cognitive- behavioral intervention significantly decreased internalizing and externalizing problems. The scores of the poor monitoring and the corporal punishment subscales of the parental practices scale decreased but the scores of the child abuse potential subscale didn’t significantly change. Furthermore there were no significant differences between the effectiveness of the intervention on behavioral problems, parental practices and child abuse potential in both groups, which reflected the central role of mothers in child abuse interventions. By clarifying the role of child and parent in child abuse interventions, the findings suggested these interventions could be applied to clinical settings and may reduce the child abuse phenomenon.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1094 - The Relationship Between Perceived Social Support with Psychological Well-Being: The Mediator Role of Developmental Assets
Moradali Rezaei Varmazyar The purpose of this study was to investigate the Antecedents and consequences of developmental assets based on structural equation modeling. For this purpose, 511 third-year students from Hamedan high schools (256 males and 255 females) were selected by multistage More The purpose of this study was to investigate the Antecedents and consequences of developmental assets based on structural equation modeling. For this purpose, 511 third-year students from Hamedan high schools (256 males and 255 females) were selected by multistage random cluster sampling. The participants completed the Perceived Social Support Scale) Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley, 1988), The Developmental Assets Profile (Search Institute, 2005) and Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scale (1989). Data were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The hypothesized model showed good fit in research population. The results showed that the mediating role of developmental assets in the relationship of perceived social support and psychological well-being is significant and positive, and the proposed model explains 57 percent of the variance of psychological well-being among students. Based on the findings of this study, it was found that the effect of perceived social support on psychological well-being is more indirect than direct, and is through developmental assets. Consequently, with the increase of perceived social support, it is possible to improve the amount of developmental assets and psychological well-being of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1095 - Cognitive Appraisal Processes, Achievement Emotions and Academic Engagement: A Mediating Analysis
Farzaneh Davoodvandi Omid ShokriThis study examined the mediating role of positive and negative achievement emotions in the relationship between cognitive appraisals and academic engagement among girl students. A sample of 200 students completed the Achievement Emotion Questionnaire-Revised (AEQ-R; Pe MoreThis study examined the mediating role of positive and negative achievement emotions in the relationship between cognitive appraisals and academic engagement among girl students. A sample of 200 students completed the Achievement Emotion Questionnaire-Revised (AEQ-R; Pekrun, Goetz & Perry, 2005), the Stress Appraisal Measure-Revised (SAM-R; Rowley, Roesch, Jurica & Vaughn, 2005) and the Schoolwork Engagement Inventory (SEI; Salmela-Aro & Upadaya, 2012). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the structural relations among achievement emotions, cognitive appraisals, and academic engagement. The results indicated that 1) the adaptive cognitive appraisals related positively and significantly to positive achievement emotions, 2) the adaptive cognitive appraisals related negatively and significantly to negative achievement emotions, 3) the nonadaptive cognitive appraisals related negatively and significantly to positive achievement emotions , 4) the nonadaptive cognitive appraisals related positively and significantly to negative achievement emotions and, 5) the positive achievement emotions related positively and significantly to academic engagement and finally 6) the negative achievement emotions related negatively and significantly to academic engagement. The results also indicated that the positive and negative achievement emotions fully mediated the relation between the adaptive and non-adaptive cognitive appraisals and academic engagement and this model had a good fitness. All of the regression weights in the both models were significant and the mediating models of positive and negative achievement emotions, accounted for 49% and 26% of the variances in academic engagement, respectively. The findings provided further support for the control-value theory of achievement emotions among Iranian students Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1096 - Family Communication Patterns and Self-Compassion: The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies for Stress
Elham Soltani Benavandi The aim of the current research was the prediction of self-compassion based upon family communication patterns with mediating role of coping strategies for stress. In this study, 347 students (141 male and 206 female) from Shahid Bahonar Univ More The aim of the current research was the prediction of self-compassion based upon family communication patterns with mediating role of coping strategies for stress. In this study, 347 students (141 male and 206 female) from Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling, then they responded to family communication patterns Instrument (Fitzpatrick & Ritchie, 1994), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Calsbeek, Rijken, Henegouwen & Dekker, 2003), and Self-Compassion Scale (Raes, Pommier, Neff & Van Gucht, 2011). The results of multiple regression analysis according to Baron and Kenny's steps showed that the conversation is a positive predictor of self-compassion, but the conformity have negative effect on self-compassion; conversation predicts the problem-focused coping strategy positively but it could not affect Emotion-Focused and avoidance strategies. However, conformity negatively affects problem-focused coping strategy and have a positive effect on emotion-focused and avoidance strategies. In addition, the findings revealed that the problem-focused coping strategy would predict self-compassion positively, but predicts emotion-focused and avoidance strategies negatively. Finally, the results showed that coping strategies for stress play a mediating role in the relationship between family communication patterns and self-compassion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1097 - Psychometric Properties of the Self-Esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents
Sohrab Amiri Amir Ghasemi Navab Yuosef JamaliThis study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SCQA; Wouters, & et al., 2016 ) among student population. Two hundred and eighty six students were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling. The MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SCQA; Wouters, & et al., 2016 ) among student population. Two hundred and eighty six students were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling. The participants completed the SCQA, the Conditional Self-Worth Scale (Croker, & et al., 2003) and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Frost, et al., 1990). The validity of the SCQA was assessed by Cronbach's alpha, test-retest and splitting methods. The criterion validity of the SCQA was assessed using the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. The results indicated that the discriminant and convergent validity of the SCQA were desirable and the stability of the SCQA. The factor structure of the was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the factor analysis indicated that the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SCQA) had eight factors. Overall, the findings suggests that the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents has a good psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian Adolescent Students and can be used in the Iranian culture -related studies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1098 - Self-Compassion, Attitude Towards Religion and Death Anxiety: Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in the Elderly
Payam Varaee Khodamorad Momeni Asie Moradihe aim of this study was to examine the relationships among psychological well-being, religiosity, self-compassion, and death anxiety in the elderly. A nonrandom and volunteer sample of 300 elderly people from Mehregan part-time elderly care center in Kermanshah, Iran p Morehe aim of this study was to examine the relationships among psychological well-being, religiosity, self-compassion, and death anxiety in the elderly. A nonrandom and volunteer sample of 300 elderly people from Mehregan part-time elderly care center in Kermanshah, Iran participated in the study. The participants completed the Psychological Well-being (Ryff, 1989), the Self-Compassion Scale (Raes, Pommier, Neff & Gucht, 2011), the Muslim Attitudes toward Religion Scale (Wilde & Joseph, 1997) and the Death Anxiety Scale (Templer, 1970). Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data.The results indicated that psychological well-being positively related to self-compassion and religiousness. The psychological well-being negatively related to death anxiety. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that over-identification, personal help, mindfulness, isolation, death anxiety, self-judging and Islamic rituals accounted for 59% of variances of psychological well-being. The findings suggested that psychological well-being in elderly people may be increased by strengthening self-compassion and religiosity and weakening death anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1099 - The Moderating Role of Coping Styles in the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Obsession Death among the Elderly
Ali TaghvaeiniaThe aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of coping styles in the relationship between attachment styles and obsession death in the elderly. Three hundred and twenty six elderly people (185 males, 141 females) were selected from Noorabad Mamasani, Iran by MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of coping styles in the relationship between attachment styles and obsession death in the elderly. Three hundred and twenty six elderly people (185 males, 141 females) were selected from Noorabad Mamasani, Iran by convenient sampling. The participants completed the Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), the Coping Styles Questionnaire (Park, 2007) and the Death Obsession Scale (Abdel-khalek, 1998). The data analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. The results indicated that secure attachment style and positive coping style related to obsession death significantly and negatively. The insecure attachment styles and negative coping style related to obsession death significantly and c positive The. positivelyoping style predicted lower scores in obsession death. The positive coping style moderated the relationship between attachment styles and obsession death. The findings suggested that increasing level of positive coping style weakened the relationship between insecure attachment styles and obsession death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1100 - Skin drug release and antifungal activity of econazole-containing silica nanoparticles
maryam montazeri Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi Alireza Feizbakhsh, , Mehdi Razzaghi-AbyanehBackground & Objectives: Silica Nanoparticles (MCM41) are silica mesopores (MSNs), which have large pores and relatively low density. The purpose of this study was to load Econazole onto silica nanoparticles (MCM41-NH2 and MCM41) And release of econazole in human sk MoreBackground & Objectives: Silica Nanoparticles (MCM41) are silica mesopores (MSNs), which have large pores and relatively low density. The purpose of this study was to load Econazole onto silica nanoparticles (MCM41-NH2 and MCM41) And release of econazole in human skin (Ex-Vivo) then the antifungal effect of loaded econazole on silica nanoparticles was investigated. Materials & Methods: In this study, MCM41 was prepared, then MCM41-NH2 nanoparticles were provided by using amine cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and finally, the drug econazole was loaded on it. The morphology of the nanoparticles was determined by SEM and drug loading by FT-IR. Francescell and UV-Vis were used to measure the release. The release cream from the skin containing 1/1 drug and nanoparticles was prepared. Finally, the anti-fungal effect of ECO/MSNs was investigated in three ways. Francescell device was also used to check skin release. Results: Silica nanoparticles were prepared about 300 nanometers Release of the drug into the skin showed that during the first 8 hours 80% release and then up to 24 hours of continuous drug release. Antifungal effect by disk diffusion method showed that ECO/MCM41 had a larger inhibitory effect and also minimal inhibition of fungal growth (MIC) 75 mg/ml. Antifungal tests showed that no fungus grew after 72 hours.the antifungal effect as well as ECO / MCM41 (MIC) was greater in methanol. Conclusion: The antifungal effect of the newest agar method was not suitable for this drug. Therefore, as a suitable drug in the cream, a drug loaded with methanol is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1101 - Preparation, structural characterization, and study on antibiofilm properties of quercetin-barium phosphate nanofibers
Somayeh Mojtabavi Khashayar Vojdanitalab Manica Negahdaripour Mohammad-Reza Delnavazi Mohammad Ali FaramarziBackground & Objectives: The spread of drug resistance and limited effects of antibiotics on the pathogenic biofilms along with the increasing number of hospital infections have imposed heavy costs on the healthcare system. In the present study, quercetin-barium pho MoreBackground & Objectives: The spread of drug resistance and limited effects of antibiotics on the pathogenic biofilms along with the increasing number of hospital infections have imposed heavy costs on the healthcare system. In the present study, quercetin-barium phosphate hybrid nanostructures were fabricated and characterized in order to improve their antibiofilm activity. Materials and methods: To prepare hybrid nanostructures, barium sulfate was added to sodium phosphate buffer containing quercetin (0.1 mg mL–1), the reaction mixture was sonicated for 10 min, and the obtained precipitate was collected. To obtain the hybrid nanostructures with the maximum immobilized quercetin, the concentrations of phosphate buffer and barium sulfate were examined in the range of 50–250 mM and 10–50 mM, respectively. The prepared hybrid nanostructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis, their effects were evaluated in preventing and destroying bacterial biofilms as well. Results: The immobilization yield of quercetin within hybrid structures was 95%. The scanning electron microscope images showed fiber-like structures with smooth, knot-free, and uniform surfaces. Quercetin-barium phosphate hybrid nanofibers significantly inhibited the biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by 100% and 80%. Also, in the presence of the immobilized quercetin (500 mg L–1), biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were destroyed by 75% and 70%. Conclusion: Due to the notable antibiofilm properties of quercetin-barium phosphate hybrid nanofibers, they could be useful in medical devices, and therapeutic and environmental processes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1102 - Isolation and characterization of heavy metal resistant halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert
Nazanin Tavoosi Abbas Akhavan Sepahi Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Vahid KiarostamiBackground & Objectives: Heavy metal pollution has increased worldwide. Bioremediation of toxic heavy metals in saline environments with conventional microbiological treatment processes is not feasible. Therefore, the use of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria MoreBackground & Objectives: Heavy metal pollution has increased worldwide. Bioremediation of toxic heavy metals in saline environments with conventional microbiological treatment processes is not feasible. Therefore, the use of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria need to be considered for the remediation of saline ecosystems. This study aimed to isolate and characterize toxic heavy metal-resistant and halophilic/halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert.Materials & Methods: After sampling, halophilic/halotolerant bacteria were isolated on Moderate Halophilic media. Morphological and biochemical characterizations of isolates were carried out. Each isolate's heavy metal resistance was identified by an agar dilution method and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC ) of each heavy metal was determined. Then, sixteen strains were randomly selected and subjected to 16S rRNA gene identification.Results: The least toxicities were found with selenite and arsenate on 74 selected isolates, while mercury exhibited the highest toxicity. The maximum MIC values of cadmium, copper, and chromium were the same. Although, the MIC value of zinc was significantly less. The remarkable resistance toward lead, selenite, and arsenate was reported. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most strains belong to the Bacillaceae family and Bacillus genus. Conclusion: Selected halophilic/halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert had considerable resistance to heavy metals. Therefore, these strains could be considered for further investigations of the mechanisms involved in heavy metal resistance of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria or for bioremediation of polluted saline environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1103 - Cloning and study of expression of Helicobacter Pylori flaB gene in eukaryotic system for vaccine design
Pouya Khodadadi Mohammad Kargar Mahdi Bijanzadeh Abbas Doosti Shapoor AghaeiBackground & Objectives: Flagella and motility are important factors in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity. flaB is one of the important genes encoding the flagellar protein, which produces antibody against this gene play major role in immunogenesis. The aim o MoreBackground & Objectives: Flagella and motility are important factors in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity. flaB is one of the important genes encoding the flagellar protein, which produces antibody against this gene play major role in immunogenesis. The aim of the present study was to make a flaB gene construct and to evaluate its expression in eukaryotic cells as a candidate for vaccine production. Materials & Methods: flaB cloning and subcloning was done in pTZ57RT and pBudCE4.1 plasmids. Then the accuracy of the obtained clones confirmed by PCR, double enzyme digestion and sequencing. After transferring the confirmed gene construct to the animal cells, the gene expression was checked at the level of transcriptome and proteome by RT-PCR and SDS-PAGE methods. Results: PCR results showed amplification of a1563 bp segment related to flaB gene. Desired gene cloning had confirmed by PCR, double enzyme digestion and sequencing. The observation of 1563 bp and 56 kDa bands from RT-PCR and SDS-PAGE indicates the successful expression of flaB in HDF cells.Conclusion: The recombinant gene construct can express the FlaB protein in animal cells. Therefore, according to the results, this construct can be used as a candidate to produce an effective gene vaccine against Helicobacter pylori. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1104 - Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized by extracts of chamomile (Matricaria parthenium)
shabnam shamaei Faezeh Bashiri GoodarziBackground &Objectives: Silver nanoparticles have been widely used due to their anti-bacterial activities and anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects and cell toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using extrac MoreBackground &Objectives: Silver nanoparticles have been widely used due to their anti-bacterial activities and anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects and cell toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of chamomile on three neoplastic cell lines (A549, MCF-7 and HeLa). Materials & Methods: Silver nanoparticles were biologically synthesized using extracts of chamomile. After physical and chemical evaluation of the synthesized nanoparticles, their antimicrobial properties were estimated on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, the inhibitory effect of synthesized nanoparticles evaluated by using MTT technique on 3 neoplastic cell lines. Results: The average size of nanoparticles synthesized by the extract of chamomile were 19 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles could have a significant inhibitory and lethal effect on the two named bacteria. silver nanoparticles were able to show a 50% inhibitory effect on different cell lines at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be stated that medicinal plants can be used in the successful biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. After human studies and tests, chamomile-based silver nanoparticles can be used as effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of some cancers due to their coating of effective secondary metabolites and the release of silver ions (Ag+). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1105 - Detection of Citrus Psorosis Virus by dsRNA and molecular hybridization
Faezeh Falaki Farshad Rakhshandehroo Vahid AlaviBackground & Objectives: Citrus psorosis virus is the causal agent of one of the most important viral citrus diseases in the world and has been detected from the citrus orchards in the east of Mazandaran province, IRAN. Because of the simultenious presence of variou MoreBackground & Objectives: Citrus psorosis virus is the causal agent of one of the most important viral citrus diseases in the world and has been detected from the citrus orchards in the east of Mazandaran province, IRAN. Because of the simultenious presence of various strains of this virus in infected citrus samples, molecular detection methods like PCR are not able to detect this virus with high accuaracy. In this research, we introduce a method for the precise detection of Citrus psorosis virus. Materials & Methods: Detection and Identification of infected samples performed by triple antibody sandwich indirect-ELISA (TAS-ELISA) method and monoclonal antibody from symptomatic Thomson orange and Unshiu tangerine samples with suspicious symptoms to CPsV infection in Sari, Neka and Ghaemshahr districts of Mazandaran. Infection in samples tested by ELISA and confirmed by RT-PCR. Extraction of CPsV-dsRNA (Double-strand RNA) from infected samples was done by CF-11 column. Molecular hybridization performed by DIG labeled cDNA probe. Results: Exploring the electrophoretic pattern of dsRNA extracted from the CPsV infected citrus samples by using ELISA and RT-PCR methods, indicating the presence of CPsV genomes with the molecular weights of 920 bp and 2500 bp in infected samples. The presence of CPsV in the samples was also confirmed by using molecular hybridization and designed probe. Conclusion: The major advantages of the hybridization method relating to the dsRNA electrophoretic mobility is the simultenious detection of the all citrus psorosis virus strains within the infected citrus samples. This way can separate virus isolates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1106 - Crisis Factories in Iranian Law with a Look at the Laws of the United States and France
Shahrokh Sayadian Mohammad Saghari Farid MohseniField and Aims: With the enactment of the Commercial Code in 1996, the custom of commercial usury during the constitutional period was abolished, and with the dissolution of the Commercial Court, only this bankruptcy became dominant only due to non-payment of debt at ma MoreField and Aims: With the enactment of the Commercial Code in 1996, the custom of commercial usury during the constitutional period was abolished, and with the dissolution of the Commercial Court, only this bankruptcy became dominant only due to non-payment of debt at maturity. On the other hand, the late conclusion of the composition need, due to the lack of a preventive aspect to the bankruptcy order, practically failed to prevent the liquidation of the merchant's property. The rule of law of liquidation and attention to the interests of creditors also led to the neglect of other components such as factory maintenance and employment of workers and property rights of the debtor.Methodology: The research method is comparative-analytical and the data collection method is documentary research. The data analysis method is a descriptive-analytical approach.Findings and Conclusion: In the bankruptcy regulations, efforts have been made to preserve the factory and to express the difference between stoppage and bankruptcy, but due to insufficiency and inconsistency with the provisions of the Commercial Code, it has not achieved much success in reviving crisis-prone factories. Examining the process governing the above-mentioned regulations and comparing it with the reconstruction institution confirms the necessity of changing the philosophy of bankruptcy law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1107 - Investigating the role of Iranian and Non Iranian queens in the ruling structure based on Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
esmail Khirabadi sepide sepehri Seyedeh Mandana Hashemi Isfahan The most important central element in the entire Shahnameh is the character of the king, which is derived from the two origins of history and mythology. The elements that were effective in the formation of the kings' rule in the Shahnameh are: Divine Farr, Royal F More The most important central element in the entire Shahnameh is the character of the king, which is derived from the two origins of history and mythology. The elements that were effective in the formation of the kings' rule in the Shahnameh are: Divine Farr, Royal Farr (inheritance), wealth and politics, power and having support and social base. Among the fifty-four kings in the Shahnameh, three were women and the rest were men. Shahnameh’s women play a key role in the government because they carry the blood of the kingdom through heredity and play a significant role in the affairs of the country (governance) and army. Sometimes they appear as the king's mother and wife, and sometimes as queens and empresses. This essay has analyzed the rule and foundations of Iranian and Non Iranian queens with analytical-descriptive method and compared the worldliness of male kings with queens. The findings of the research show that three Iranian queens (Homai Chehrazad, Puran Dokht and Azram Dokht) came to power through Royal Farr and the legitimacy of their government was based on fear and terror, except for Homa who was based on vigilance and negative power and two Non Iranian queens (Qidafa and Mother Talchand and Gov) were women with tact and wisdom who sat on the throne with royal and epic Iranian characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1108 - Shahnameh Amin is a contemporary of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
zahra GanbarAli Bageni Shahin ojaqh AlizadShahnameh has long been welcomed as an epic masterpiece by many poets and writers, and the most unique, selected, and translated works of this work are remembered. In contemporary times, Professor Seyyed Hassan Amin, by recreating the Shahnameh in seven volumes that has MoreShahnameh has long been welcomed as an epic masterpiece by many poets and writers, and the most unique, selected, and translated works of this work are remembered. In contemporary times, Professor Seyyed Hassan Amin, by recreating the Shahnameh in seven volumes that has lasted for thirty years, has depicted one of the lasting examples of contemporary history. The purpose of this article is to study the features of imitation in Amin’s Shahnameh based on Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Because this analogy, in addition to the similarities with Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, the author has written articles to complete the historical sections of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. This research has introduced and how to tell an analogy in three historical, heroic and religious foundations with an analytical-descriptive method. Findings show that Amin’s Shahnameh is an adaptation of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh to the modern version that both authors have spent thirty years for that time. With the difference that in Amin;s Shahnameh has continued the history after Islam until the history of the contemporary period in the style of Ferdowsi. Also, Professor Amin in this Shahnameh believes that Ferdowsi did not deal with the documentary history of ancient Iran in the Shahnameh. According to the studies, what Ferdowsi did from the point of view of the story was the same date. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1109 - Love and Wisdom in the View of Ferdowsi
Fahimeh Payam Asgari Mohammad ZiarThis paper will investigate, through an analysis of the story “Zal and Rudabeh”, Ferdowsi’s views on love and wisdom. The story depicts a comprehensive and credible image of love, passion, wisdom and patriotism, which reflect Ferdowsi’s realistic MoreThis paper will investigate, through an analysis of the story “Zal and Rudabeh”, Ferdowsi’s views on love and wisdom. The story depicts a comprehensive and credible image of love, passion, wisdom and patriotism, which reflect Ferdowsi’s realistic viewpoint and the lover’s interaction with and meditation on current problems. Thus, in a credible context, Zal, who is not an embodiment of physical beauty unlike in many romances, endeavors to reach his beloved through wisdom, perseverance and humanity. As the story unfolds, love and passion are represented along with pacifism, patriotism, and wisdom, and Ferdowsi takes the story beyond earthly love, transforming it to a profound, transcendental and beautiful notion which disseminates the message of interaction, wisdom, and compromise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1110 - .Application of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms in Predicting Financial Distress using intra-corporate (Financial and non-financial) and Economic Variables (Grasshopper Optimization and Ant Colony Algorithms)
فریدون مرادی احمد یعقوب نژاد آزیتا جهانشاد. Abstract The purpose of this study is investigating the capability of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) in more accurately predicting the financial distress by-using intra-corporate (financial and non-financial) and economic variables. The method of this rese More. Abstract The purpose of this study is investigating the capability of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) in more accurately predicting the financial distress by-using intra-corporate (financial and non-financial) and economic variables. The method of this research is improving the performance of the basic model of Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN-MLP) by-using a hybrid model with GOA (MLP-GOA) and Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (MLP-ACO). The statistical research population of companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange during a 7-year period (from 1391 to 1397) included 476 companies, and finally, after systematic elimination, there were 289 qualified companies (including 2023 observation year-company). Checked and screened. The results showed the ability of ANN-MLP model to predict financial distress by-using financial and non-financial variables, and in addition the hybrid models (MLP-GOA and MLP-ACO) had been improved this ability. The accuracy of the MLP-GOA model for the year t, year t-1and year t-2 (before financial distress occurs), respectively are 97.30%, 94.53% and 91.30% that higher than the accuracy of the basic model and the hybrid MLP-ACO model. Although, entering the economic variables has increased the capability of all models significantly but the results showed that the financial distress is more affected by intra-corporate variables and the effect of economic variables has already been considered through the effect on financial events recorded in the accounting system. The results of this study can be used by company managers, banks and rating and credit institutions, insurance companies, financial analysts, investors and investment companies in assessing the risk of financial distress to make appropriate decisions and actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1111 - ارزیابی شکست بازار در انعکاس ناکارایی زیستمحیطی (مطالعه موردی: بازار خودروهای متداول در ایران
مجید احمدیان زهرا عابدی حمیدرضا غفارزاده الهه کاشف -
Open Access Article
1112 - Explaining the effect of psychology in the form of behavioral economics on social responsibility reporting of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
صمد طالبی انزاب محمدرضا مهربان پور حسین جهانگیرنیا بهمن بنی مهدAbstractThe behavior of the employees of the organization and their personality and social psychology have implicitly has a tremendous impact on various organizational and national equations and in a wider context on global respects and modern human have chosen differen MoreAbstractThe behavior of the employees of the organization and their personality and social psychology have implicitly has a tremendous impact on various organizational and national equations and in a wider context on global respects and modern human have chosen different moral standards than in the past and show special behaviors based on them . The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of personality and types of social psychology on formation of corporate social responsibility reporting.This research is based on a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) method. Therefore, the quantitative part of the research, was done by distributing questionnaire among the statistical community, which included 225 experts, managers and psychologists that all of them were accounting and psychology experts and company managers. Data analysis was performed based on descriptive and inferential statistical methods through SPSS software version 23, Amos software, Microsoft Excel. In qualitative part, content analysis technique have been used.According to the results of interviews with 15 experts, it can be said that 210 factors in explaining the impact of personality and social psychology types in the formation of corporate social responsibility reporting, each in the form of different factors in the formation of corporate social responsibility reporting It is effective.The results show that personality and social psychology have a positive and significant effect on the formation of social responsibility reporting. And social responsibility reporting is a strategic management task that encourages organizations to plan for, maintain, and care for long-term change in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1113 - Analyzing Structural Change between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the Selected Oil Exporting Countries (1980-2010)
سید کمیل طیبی zahra zamani mostafa rajabi atyee azimiAbstract Energy is known as an important and strategic input among natural resources in which its effect on economic growth is not deniable. A deep investigation of the relationship between energy consumption and growth could help policy makers to conduct effective and MoreAbstract Energy is known as an important and strategic input among natural resources in which its effect on economic growth is not deniable. A deep investigation of the relationship between energy consumption and growth could help policy makers to conduct effective and sustainable policies in the energy section of oil producing and exporting countries. However, this relationship could be volatile sometimes in the presence of structural changes. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate such structural changes between energy consumption and growth to avoid misleading policies in these economies. This study examines any structural change of the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the selected oil exporting countries, such as Algeria, Colombia, Equator, Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway, Venezuela and Iran, during 1980-2010. This has been done by using co-integration and Chaw tests via a panel data approach. The results confirm a structural change between oil consumption and economic growth in the oil exporting countries during the mentioned period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1114 - پیچیدگی صادرات غیر نفتی و سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی )مطالعه موردی کشورهای درحال توسعه با تاکید بر ایران
مهدی تقوی یوسف حسن پور کار سالاری -
Open Access Article
1115 - مقایسه قدرت پیش بینی منحنی فیلیپس کینزین جدید هایبریدی و مدل ARIMA از تورم
زهرا افشاری مرضیه بیات -
Open Access Article
1116 - The Application of GMDH Neural Network Approachin Forecasting the Price of Soybean Meal in Merchendis Stock Exchange
علی اکبر باغستانی سعید یزدانی مجید احمدیانAbstract Livestock and poultry industry has depended much on soybean meal. This dependence has led to fluctuations in the price of this product and therefore, forces market participants to follow the sensitivity and accuracy. These fluctuations created serious concerns MoreAbstract Livestock and poultry industry has depended much on soybean meal. This dependence has led to fluctuations in the price of this product and therefore, forces market participants to follow the sensitivity and accuracy. These fluctuations created serious concerns about the supply and price of soybean meal. So, this study, using monthly and weekly data of Soybean prices in the exchange market, tried to forecast soybean price. So Soybean Meal price has predicted with neural network GMDH algorithm and ARIMA. The results based on the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MPAE) showed that the GMDH algorithm, has a better ability to predict the price accurately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1117 - Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Investment Decisions of Banks
حافظ نیکخو تیمور رحمانی فرزانه خلیلیAbstractIn times of uncertainty, the planning, decision-making and policy-making process in all sectors of the economy is disrupted due to the impossibility of predicting the future. The present study seeks to investigate the uncertainty effects of macroeconomics on inv MoreAbstractIn times of uncertainty, the planning, decision-making and policy-making process in all sectors of the economy is disrupted due to the impossibility of predicting the future. The present study seeks to investigate the uncertainty effects of macroeconomics on investment decisions of Iranian banks over a 15-year period (2004-2018) using the seasonal data of 15 domestic banks experimentally. For this purpose, first the generalized conditional variance of inflation, exchange rate, economic growth rate and oil price indicators is estimated and then the effect of their average weight as an uncertainty indicator of macroeconomics on banks' investment decisions is identified by panel data method. Our empirical results show a significant relationship between banks' credit portfolio variation and macroeconomic uncertainty. In other words, as the macroeconomic uncertainty and banks' inability to predict their rate of returns on different assets increase, they allocate less resources to risky assets and more resources to safe assets. Also, there is a significant relationship between bank's specific risk and its investment decision. In other words, as the variance of bank's specific indices increase, the dispersion of risky assets in bank's portfolio increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1118 - Portfolio Optimization of Listed Industries in Tehran Stock Exchange using Orthogonal GARCH
sahar abedini esmaiel abounoori Gh. Reza Keshavarz HaddadAbstract The development of financial markets and the stock market play an essential role in economic development. Considering that financial markets are always associated with risk and uncertainty, and shocks and turbulence in one market affect other markets, therefor MoreAbstract The development of financial markets and the stock market play an essential role in economic development. Considering that financial markets are always associated with risk and uncertainty, and shocks and turbulence in one market affect other markets, therefore, one of the main objectives of this research is to identify the type of distribution of financial series (stock returns of different industries) and estimate their uncertainty and risk (turbulence), determining the weight of stocks in the investment portfolio, as well as accurately identifying how the volatility changes and the intensity of correlation and interactions between the stocks of different industries over time in order to maximize the interests of investors and provide the necessary solutions to planners and policy makers Investors are for managing and developing the stock market.In order to optimize, statistics related to the weekly price index data of selected industries (mass housing, banks and credit institutions, chemical, automotive, pharmaceutical and basic metals) have been used. For this purpose, using orthogonal GARCH model and weekly data of stock price index of different industries in the period March 27, 2010 and January 18, 2021, the elements of the variance-conditional covariance matrix were estimated, Then, the stock portfolio was optimized using the obtained information and the distribution of general hyperbolic (GH) skewed t, in the framework of the static and dynamic classical Mean-Variance model as well as the static Mean-CVAR model. The results of fitting (estimation) of the data distribution show that the return distribution of the price index of the studied industries follows the distribution of the general hyperbolic skewed t; Based on the dynamic classical mean-variance model, the highest weight in the stock portfolio in the study period was related to the pharmaceutical (0/6336) and chemical industries (0/3539), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1119 - Application of Threshold-based Filtered Networks in Stock Portfolio Selection and Performance Evaluation
Marzieh Noorahmadi Hojatullah SadeghiAbstract Network analysis is one of the methods of attention of analysts to analyze complex relationships in data in an intuitive way. One of the applications of network analysis is illustrating the relationships between different classes of assets. Identifying stock m MoreAbstract Network analysis is one of the methods of attention of analysts to analyze complex relationships in data in an intuitive way. One of the applications of network analysis is illustrating the relationships between different classes of assets. Identifying stock market dynamics is essential for actors, investors, and financial policymakers. The stock market is considered a complex system that shows its complex dynamics. The complexity of the stock market can have several reasons that the interdependence of stocks can be one of the most prominent of these factors. One of the most important concerns of people in the capital market is finding a way to present and analyze stock data of different companies. There are different companies in the stock market and portfolio managers and investors, in choosing the right stock portfolio, need to consider the best way to form a stock portfolio. This article discusses the formation of diverse and non-diverse portfolios through network theory. To conduct this research, the adjusted final price of 138 listed companies for the period 2017-01-01 to 2021-07-06, equivalent to 1648 trading days, has been used. To describe the effect between stocks, the Adjacency Matrix is used and using the optimal threshold, diverse and non-diverse portfolios are obtained. We implement the results of selected stocks for the portfolio using the Hierarchical Risk Parity (HRP) approach based on clustering methods and the results with three methods of Minimum Variance (MVP), Uniform Distribution (UNIF), and Risk Parity (RP) for both in-sample and out-of-sample periods are compared for both diverse and non-diversified portfolios. Finally, the results have been compared using the four criteria of Sortino, Sharpe, Maximum DD, and Calmar. The results show the superiority of the non-diversified portfolio approach in market downturns and the superiority of the diversified portfolio approach in other periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1120 - The Effects of Financial Integration on Total Factor Productivity In the Iranian Economy; Evidence for Vector Autoregressive Distributed Lag
masoud taherinia Ali Hassanvand Morteza HabibizadehAbstractFinancial integration through increasing the level of investment in countries can have many positive effects on macroeconomic variables such as employment, economic growth, increasing the volume of international trade and ultimately the productivity of countries MoreAbstractFinancial integration through increasing the level of investment in countries can have many positive effects on macroeconomic variables such as employment, economic growth, increasing the volume of international trade and ultimately the productivity of countries. This study examines whether fiscal integration in Iran can affect overall productivity growth and whether integration policies and subsequent fiscal integration can be among the policies that are needed. Should these countries adopt for their economic integration process? This study investigates the role and effects of financial integration on the productivity of total factors of production through the vector Autoregressive Distributed Lag during the period 1379-1398 for the Iranian economy. The results of estimating the model in the short and long term indicate a positive and significant relationship between financial integration and productivity during the selected time period. Also, variables such as trade openness and domestic investment have a positive relationship with productivity, but the inflation rate has had a negative impact on overall productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1121 - The Interactive Effect of Entrepreneurship and Financial Development on Economic Complexity
Abolfazl Shah-abadi Samineh Ghasemifar Somieh Sadat HajmousaviAbstractEconomic complexity indicates the amount of productive knowledge within a country and the ability to use that knowledge to produce goods with more diversity and less ubiquity, which ultimately increases national competitiveness in the global arena and accelerate MoreAbstractEconomic complexity indicates the amount of productive knowledge within a country and the ability to use that knowledge to produce goods with more diversity and less ubiquity, which ultimately increases national competitiveness in the global arena and accelerates the process of achieving economic growth and development. Therefore, determining the factors affecting it - especially in developing countries - is of great importance. In this regard, the present study, by approaching panel data and using the generalized moment method, has determined the interactive effect of entrepreneurship and financial development on economic complexity in two groups of developing and developed selected countries during the period 2014-2019. Estimated results showed that the dimensions of entrepreneurship, including attitudes, abilities & aspirations of entrepreneurial, as well as financial development have a positive and significant effect on economic complexity in both groups of selected countries. However, the estimated coefficient of these variables is larger for developing countries. In addition, the three dimensions of entrepreneurship and financial development have a positive and significant interactive effect on economic complexity in both groups of selected countries. Finally, the effect of the control variables of natural resource abundance and intellectual property rights on economic complexity in both groups of selected countries respectively are negative and significant and positive and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1122 - Responsiveness of Production and Foreign Trade to Exchange Policy: An Implication of Stagflation Adjustment in Iran
کمیل طیبی زهرا زمانی سید حسن ملک حسینیRemoving the Multi exchange rate regime, reducing exchange rate fluctuations, strengthening competitiveness in firms and economic sectors and improving exchange market services are appropriate exchange rate policies that could be effective in justifying the negative eff MoreRemoving the Multi exchange rate regime, reducing exchange rate fluctuations, strengthening competitiveness in firms and economic sectors and improving exchange market services are appropriate exchange rate policies that could be effective in justifying the negative effects of stagflation. In addition, policy makers consider promoting typically non-oil exports as a production motivation and improving doing business in oil-producing countries. The purpose of this study is thus to evaluate the effectiveness of foreign exchange rate and business policies on adjustment of stagflation conditions in Iran. To evaluate effects of various foreign exchange rate policies on current stagflation in the Iranian economy, we specify and estimate a structural VAR (SVAR) model, analyzing effects of crucial exchange rate shocks on the most important economic variables such as output and employment. Empirical results show that a proper foreign exchange policy such as exchange rate unification reduces fluctuations in output gap and employment in a five-year period and causes economic stability, which could be a reason for leaving stagflation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1123 - The Relationship between Shadow Economy and Economic Growth: An empirical analysis by using simultaneous panel equations
محمدرضا شهاب جمشید پژویان Abstract Shadow Economy(SE) is a complex and effective phenomenon which is present all over the world's economies and therefore at least in recent decade, SE is in the spotlight of a remarkable collection of economic scientists and researchers and it's social sci More Abstract Shadow Economy(SE) is a complex and effective phenomenon which is present all over the world's economies and therefore at least in recent decade, SE is in the spotlight of a remarkable collection of economic scientists and researchers and it's social sciences users. The main objective of this study can be served as an investigation and identification of the interactions of SE with economic growth and it's dependence on the level of economic growth and development .In this way, in order to design hypothesis and research's models , according to the theoretical approaches an Inverted-U functional form has been considered which is called as the Kuznets's relation To test our hypothesis , the econometric panel-data approach is employed for the period of 1999 to 2007 in two blocks of 25 countries containing high-developed and developing countries (including I.R.IRAN) under various assumptions about simultaneity problem. The results of estimations and Turning-Points calculations indicate that our two hypothesis cannot be rejected and there is a significant Kuznets's U-inverted relation between SE and economic growth . Furthermore, the relationship between SE and economic growth depends on the level of development.Other findings show that all 25 developing countries including I.R.IRAN, during 1999-2007 are in upward phase of the inverted-U curve and the neoclassical view about complementary relation between SE and economic growth cannot be rejected Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1124 - The Influence of Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations on the competition indices in Iran’s Economy (1979-2013)
وحید منافی انور فرهاد خداداد کاشی جهانگیر بیابانی فاطمه پاسبانAbstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growt MoreAbstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growth, as compared with other countries , its money will be strengthened. Growth of each economic factors such as gross domestic product and partial sale and employment result in demand increasing for that foreign currency and consequently its strengthening.On other hand, some policies can increase the international competition power for one country in clued micro economics and macro economics.The purpose of this research would be considering the change real exchange rate and its effects on the competition indices in Iran’s economy during the period of 1979-2013 The equations are estimated by VAR test and using eviews6. Estimation results show that oil incomes and budget deficits had negative effects on real exchange rate, and GDP and liquidity had positive effects on real exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1125 - مدلسازی ارتباط شاخص قیمت در بازارهای مالی و رابطه مبادله در اقتصاد ایران (الگوی پرش قیمتی مرتون و رویکرد توابع کاپیولای شرطی)
سیدعبدالمجید جلایی اسفندآبادی نوراله صالحی آسفیجی الهام شیوایی -
Open Access Article
1126 - The Evaluating of the Effectiveness of Expansionary Fiscal Policies: Comparative Linear and Threshold VAR
الهام غلامی کامبیز هژبر کیانیAbstract This paper aims to answer the question of whether expansionary fiscal policy (increasing government spending and tax cuts) on economic growth in Iran is in linear or non-linear effects ? On this purpose, the performance of each of these programs using both lin MoreAbstract This paper aims to answer the question of whether expansionary fiscal policy (increasing government spending and tax cuts) on economic growth in Iran is in linear or non-linear effects ? On this purpose, the performance of each of these programs using both linear and threshold vector autoregressive model and the data years 1338 to 1391 is investigated. In this connection, when using the threshold model, the studied period observationsbased on positive or negative output gap was divided into two regimes. Impulse response functions results from the linear model indicate that reduced tax revenues and increased government spending as fiscal stimulus have led to increasing economic growth, but the impact of government spending is greater than tax revenues. Increasing government spending is most effective in threshold model, also. In addition, comparison of Impulse response functions from linear and threshold model show that response of GDP to tax revenues in linear model and positive output gap are almost identical. However, the effect of increasing government spending on GDP in linear model is very different from high regime. GDP response to tax revenues and government spending in lower regime is also different from the linear model. Accordingly, the expansionary fiscal policies multipliers are dependent on economic conditions in terms of the output gap. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1127 - بررسی آثار اندازه دولت بر رشد اقتصادی در ایران
اکبر کمیجانی هادی حق شناس -
Open Access Article
1128 - بررسی رابطه کیفیت سود و ساختار سرمایه (مطالعه موردی: شرکتهای غیرمالی پذیرش شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران)
سید سجاد علم الهدی عبداله دریابر سمانه طریقی -
Open Access Article
1129 - Analyzing the impact of port development on the host areas' economic growth
Siamak Elmi Kambiz Hojbar Kiani Abbas Memarn Yeganeh MousaviAbstract With having 80 percent of world trade, ports nowadays are the most important national and international window towards trade. Despite their Increasing importance in development of transportation, ports and the relevant activities are completely neglected in Ir MoreAbstract With having 80 percent of world trade, ports nowadays are the most important national and international window towards trade. Despite their Increasing importance in development of transportation, ports and the relevant activities are completely neglected in Iran. Significant relationship between ports development and their capacity and throughput drive an important question: what is the net effect of port throughput on the host areas growth? The present study analyses the question using data of six provinces including Khoozestan, Booshehr, Hormozgan, Gilan, Mazandaran, and Sistan and Baluchestan during 2005-2017 (1384-1396). Results show that ports capacity, human development, economic growth at the initial period, employment, government investment in ports, government's current budget, wage, technology, production structure and urbanization have significant positive impact on economic output of the provinces while the transportation cost has a negative one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1130 - اثر نوآوری بر توسعه صادرات خدمات فنی و مهندسی کشورهای منتخب نوظهور: درسی برای اقتصاد ایران
سید کمیل طیبی زهرا زمانی محسن نوروزی طالخونچه محمود شکری -
Open Access Article
1131 - Finance and Energy Projects Efficiency (OECD Countries)
vida varahrami Abstract Using of modern machines in energy sector is an effective factor on efficiency, in this sector. For using from modern machines in energy sector, we want much capital. Therefore financing resources to project operations is so important. Different financ More Abstract Using of modern machines in energy sector is an effective factor on efficiency, in this sector. For using from modern machines in energy sector, we want much capital. Therefore financing resources to project operations is so important. Different finance recourses have significant and positive effect on efficiency of projects. In this paper, a panel method is used for to analysis relation between new modern machines in electricity powerhouse as part of energy sector, and scale of financing powerhouse and gross fix capital in this sector for OECD countries on 2000 to 2014. Results of this survey reveal that more financing in electricity sector has positive and significant effect on rise of modern machines in electricity projects. More financing of other energy sector else electricity has negative effect on new machines using in this sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1132 - برآورد کششهای قیمتی و درآمدی گروههای مصرفی خانوارهای شهری با استفاده از سیستم تقاضای تقریباً ایدهآل مبتنی بر دادههای تابلویی
جمشید پژویان سید محمد مهدی احمدی -
Open Access Article
1133 - The Effect of Financial Development on Energy Consumption by Using the Generalized Method of Moment
مرتضی خورسندی تیمور محمدی محمد مهدی خزایی عارف بهروزAbstract In this study, the effect of financial development has examined on energy consumption by using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) in two groups of developing countries during 1993-2011 period. The first group includes 14 oil-producing developing countries MoreAbstract In this study, the effect of financial development has examined on energy consumption by using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) in two groups of developing countries during 1993-2011 period. The first group includes 14 oil-producing developing countries and the second group includes 19 non-oil-producing developing countries. For each group of countries, two separate models were estimated, the first model by using banking sector variable, and the second model estimated by using capital market variable. The results showed that, GDP per capita in the non-oil-producing countries compared with oil-producing countries has a greater positive effect on per capita consumption of energy. The oil-producing price variable compared with the Non-Oil-Producing developing countries has a greater negative effect on per capita consumption of energy. The ratio of domestic credit variable to private sector (% of GDP) in non-oil-producing developing countries 0.02% and in oil-producing developing countries is 0.009 percent .Comparison of the effects of domestic bank credit variable to the private sector ( as a percentage of GDP) on per capita consumption of energy in the two groups of countries reflects the higher efficiency of the banking sector in the non-oil-producing countries .On the other hand, variable rate of turnover of shares traded in the non-oil-producing developing countries is -0.003 percent and in oil-producing developing countries is -0.009 percent .Statistical analysis of the variable of capital market of shares traded in both developing oil-producing and non-oil-producing developing countries also shows that the effect of capital market development in energy consumption in oil-producing developing countries is more negative and smaller than the non-oil-producing developing countries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1134 - The Impact of Corruption on Environmental Tehran Stock Exchange
Rahela Shah Badaghi Majid Moradi Dawood GurjizadehAbstractCorruption is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon with multiple causes and effects, ranging from an individual act (such as bribery) to a pervasive act that encompasses all elements of the political and economic system. Despite the complexity, difficulty and MoreAbstractCorruption is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon with multiple causes and effects, ranging from an individual act (such as bribery) to a pervasive act that encompasses all elements of the political and economic system. Despite the complexity, difficulty and sensitivity of dealing with this complication, in recent years, extensive studies have been conducted to measure corruption, explain the reasons for committing such criminal activity and provide deterrent solutions by the international community. The purpose of this study was the impact of corruption on the environmental sustainability of companies. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2016 and 2020. 107 companies are selected by eliminated systematic method as sample. As data nature, this is a kind of quantitative study and as purpose, this is a kind of applied study. Jarque-Bra test is done for normality testing. Regression significance and coefficient significance tests are considered in order to investigate significance in regression pattern. Heterogenity, F-limer and Husman tests are considered as regression pre-test as well. The results showed that financial corruption affects the environmental sustainability of companies. The impact of corruption on environmental sustainability varies between large and small companies. The impact of corruption on environmental sustainability varies in companies with high and low financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1135 - تأثیر انحراف نرخ ارز واقعی بر صادرات صنعت فولاد در ایران
هدی مشهدی محمدی عباس شاکری محمود محمودزاده -
Open Access Article
1136 - The Effect of Financial Development on Income Distribution in Developing Countries and Developed Countries: GMM Method
علی اکبر احمدی محمد اسماعیل رستمی نیا علیرضا غیبیConsidering that the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of financial development on income distribution (Gini index) in selected developing countries and developed countries in the selected time period (2000-2010) is empirical modelin MoreConsidering that the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of financial development on income distribution (Gini index) in selected developing countries and developed countries in the selected time period (2000-2010) is empirical modeling study using dynamic panel generalized moments (GMM) and use the variables GDP per capita, trade openness indicator, the indicator of financial development, inflation, consumer price index and the Gini coefficient was estimated. The results of the estimation of the model in both developed and developing countries distinguishing short and long term effects is discussed. These results indicate that the coefficient of financial development in developing countries (0/02) have opposite signs developed countries (-0/04) is. As income inequality and financial development theories, different estimates of the relationship between these two variables stated, Financial development in developing countries, the increase in income inequality and the increase in average household income and access many brokers and financial services, reduces income inequality. While in developed countries a negative linear relationship between financial development and income inequality that Byangrkahsh income inequality is due to the development of markets and financial intermediaries. Coefficient of per capita income, inflation and the value of the Gini coefficient by delays in developing countries and developed signs consistent with the model assumptions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1137 - بررسی اثر اعتماد بر نوآوری درکشورهای با درآمد متوسط (با تاکید بر شعاع بیاعتمادی فوکویاما)*
عباس شاکری فرشاد مومنی تیمور محمدی حمید بهمن پور سعیده علیزاده -
Open Access Article
1138 - Evaluating the Impact of Oil Price Volatilities and Output Gap on Trade Balance in Iranian Economy
mehdi yazdani tahereh noorafroz More Abstract The macroeconomic variables have been affected by the volatilities and changes in oil price in the world countries and they have faced with serious challenges and lead to consider various tactics to avoid the negative effects of these shocks. However the instability of the oil market will make long-run planning impossible for policy making which is based on oil revenues in the oil exporting countries. Hence the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of volatility of oil price on the trade balance in Iranian economy during 1357-1390 with ARDL method. The results of this study indicate that the coefficients of oil prices and the output gap are significant in the 95% level and their relationships are negative with the trade balance. Moreover, the coefficient of exchange rate on the trade balance is positive and is statistically significant in 99% level. According the estimated relationship between oil price and the trade balance, policymakers can adopt suitable strategies in the face of volatiles in oil price and utilize it in economic development, codify social programs, set the annual budgets of the country and design appropriate policies to maintain economic stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1139 - Mechanism of impact of shocks on oil prices, currency prices and investment, taking into account adjustment costs on the stock price index
Peyman Armagan Manijeh Hadi-Najad Marjan DamnKeshide Masoume ShojaeiAbstractThe present article explains the mechanism of the effect of shocks on oil prices, currency prices and investment by considering the adjustment costs on the stock price index using SVAR structural self-regression model for the years 1370-1397. Based on SVAR model MoreAbstractThe present article explains the mechanism of the effect of shocks on oil prices, currency prices and investment by considering the adjustment costs on the stock price index using SVAR structural self-regression model for the years 1370-1397. Based on SVAR model estimation results; A shock in oil prices will reduce production by 5 percent and reduce employment in the country by 1 percent. The results also show that a single impulse from the oil price range increases the stock price index by 33%, as well as an exchange rate impulse from the exchange rate increases the stock price index by 7% and an impulse from Taking into account the adjustment cost, the investment area will reduce the stock price index by 40%, as well as a shock from the commercial period and the production gap will reduce the stock price index by 17%. Also based on the results of analysis of variance among the variables of the model; Investing in adjustment costs, oil price shocks, currency shocks, real interest rate shocks and production gaps, respectively, accounted for the largest percentage of explanatory changes in the model during the period under review. Therefore, reducing investment adjustment costs by applying various policies such as; Distributing skills and supporting unemployed workers, developing technical and vocational education, reducing labor costs between industries, using trade liberalization policies can be helpful in ensuring macroeconomic stability and stock market and stock market index.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1140 - Analyzing the Impact of Exchange Rate Unification on TOT (Terms of Trade) in IRAN
سید کمیل طیبی محسن نظری فارسانی احمد گوگردچیان زهرا زمانیAbstractTerms of trade is one of the most important tools using for analyzing macroeconomic problems because, during time, it is a good criteria for assessing a country’s profit from international trade and its changes have direct effects on countries’ welfa MoreAbstractTerms of trade is one of the most important tools using for analyzing macroeconomic problems because, during time, it is a good criteria for assessing a country’s profit from international trade and its changes have direct effects on countries’ welfare.Besides, unification of exchange rate is an important issue in economical policiesConsidering the impact of exchange rate changes on terms of trade as well as to the terms of the importance of exchange rate unification policy,the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of exchange rate unification on the terms of trade in Iran during the years 1991-2015. For this purpose, the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model is used.Results of structural vector auto regressive model for Iran’s economy during the period under reviewsuggest that exchange rate unification destroys the trade relationship in the short run but improves in the long run. If the rate of exchange rate unification is higher, it will have a greater effect on the trade relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1141 - Explaining the Comprehensive Model of Economic Dimension of Quality of Life Using Grounded Theory
فاطمه قائمی محمد حسنی محمد حامد خان محمدی Abstract The quality of life is a multi-dimensional concept. The economic dimension of quality of life is influenced by several factors, the purpose of this study is to explain these factors. The research method is Grounded Theory and the sample was selected ba More Abstract The quality of life is a multi-dimensional concept. The economic dimension of quality of life is influenced by several factors, the purpose of this study is to explain these factors. The research method is Grounded Theory and the sample was selected based on the snowball approach in four specialized areas. The results of the paradigm model of the research show that the indicators of lack of planning for economic conditions, lack of infrastructure and facilities for use and rapid economic change and affecting life as a causal conditions, physical health, gender, lifestyle, occupation and work environment as intervening factors, cultural characteristics of society, materialism, religion and lifestyle, stability in society and no change in the work policies of active organizations in society as a context, the lack of transparency and future security and the lack of a sense of social justice as consequences and characteristics and abilities and individual feelings, environmental conditions and the structure of community resource distribution as Action Strategies, are affected the economic dimension of quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1142 - Does oil price uncertainty affect the Tehran Stock Exchange index? Quantile regression approach based on wavelet transform
Ali Sargolzaei Narges Salehnia Massoud Homayounifar S. Mohammad Qaim ZabihiAbstract Investigating the effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index is of great importance because with increasing uncertainty in oil prices, the systematic risk of the stock market index increases. On the other hand, in oil exporting countrie MoreAbstract Investigating the effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index is of great importance because with increasing uncertainty in oil prices, the systematic risk of the stock market index increases. On the other hand, in oil exporting countries such as Iran, oil revenues are among the most important and influential factors in macroeconomic variables and, consequently, financial market indicators. The present study investigates the effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index using the wavelet-based quantile regression model (MODWT-MRA) during the period April 2011 to April 2021 in Iran.. The results of the model estimate showed that with the increase in oil price uncertainty, the Tehran Stock Exchange index will decrease. According to the results, the effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index in the first few quantiles has a smaller coefficient than the final quantiles, so the negative effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index in recent months is more than the first months. Also, the coefficient value on the component 5 scale is much higher than the component 1 scale; Therefore, the negative effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index in the short run is much greater than the value of this effect in the long run. This is because in the long run, the investor will adjust to the uncertainty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1143 - تحلیل اثرات سرریز بین بازارهای نفت و بورس اوراق بهادار تهران در طول مقیاسهای چندگانه زمانی؛ (با استفاده از مدل VAR-GARCH-BEKK بر پایه موجک )
محمد شریف کریمی مریم حیدریان شهرام دهقان جبار آبادی -
Open Access Article
1144 - Identifying and explaining effective indicators in choosing financial software packages
abbas ghodratpanah Esfandiar Malekian yahya kamyabiAbstractSelecting the appropriate accounting software has become an important issue for many organizations. In such a way that organizations have requested to use consulting services in choosing the right software package; Because the wrong choice might lead to major fi MoreAbstractSelecting the appropriate accounting software has become an important issue for many organizations. In such a way that organizations have requested to use consulting services in choosing the right software package; Because the wrong choice might lead to major financial losses. Indicators affecting the selection of accounting software should be considered before preparing the software. Facing with such an important decision, accountants, managers, and professional consultants all need indicators to rank these software packages to free them from subjective decision-making. The purpose of this article is to identify and explain the main factors that the organization should consider in its decision to choose the right software. Using Delphi method, the research questionnaire has been subjected to experts' opinions. These indicators are categorized in the form of two dimensions and ten components. These two dimensions are the features of the accounting software and the characteristics of the software vendor. The results of the research show that the three components of software reliability, technology and security from the aspect of accounting software features, as well as two components of software maintenance and upgrading, and the reputation of the software vendor from the aspect of the characteristics of the software vendor have the greatest impact on choosing the right software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1145 - The Evaluating of the Effectiveness of Expansionary Fiscal Policies: Comparative Linear and Threshold VAR
عبدالرسول قاسمی صبا نظریThis paper aims to answer the question of whether expansionary fiscal policy (increasing government spending and tax cuts) on economic growth in Iran is in linear or non-linear effects ? On this purpose, the performance of each of these programs using both linear and th MoreThis paper aims to answer the question of whether expansionary fiscal policy (increasing government spending and tax cuts) on economic growth in Iran is in linear or non-linear effects ? On this purpose, the performance of each of these programs using both linear and threshold vector autoregressive model and the data years 1338 to 1391 is investigated. In this connection, when using the threshold model, the studied period observationsbased on positive or negative output gap was divided into two regimes. Impulse response functions results from the linear model indicate that reduced tax revenues and increased government spending as fiscal stimulus have led to increasing economic growth, but the impact of government spending is greater than tax revenues. Increasing government spending is most effective in threshold model, also. In addition, comparison of Impulse response functions from linear and threshold model show that response of GDP to tax revenues in linear model and positive output gap are almost identical. However, the effect of increasing government spending on GDP in linear model is very different from high regime. GDP response to tax revenues and government spending in lower regime is also different from the linear model. Accordingly, the expansionary fiscal policies multipliers are dependent on economic conditions in terms of the output gap. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1146 - Ranking Corporate Governance Using Fuzzy Logic in Accepted Companies the Tehran Stock Exchange
Majid Abdullahi Ali Esmaeil ZadehAbstract In recent years, the support of corporate governance has attracted the attention of capital market regulatory bodies, including the stock exchange. In this regard, the corporate governance index has been taken into consideration as a monitoring tool for compan MoreAbstract In recent years, the support of corporate governance has attracted the attention of capital market regulatory bodies, including the stock exchange. In this regard, the corporate governance index has been taken into consideration as a monitoring tool for companies so that companies that better comply with corporate governance mechanisms can be distinguished from companies that do not comply with these mechanisms. On this basis, companies should try to improve these mechanisms and take more effective steps to create more efficiency and value and thus improve the conditions of the capital market. In this research, an attempt is made to use a new index under the title of fuzzy corporate governance index, and according to expert opinion and formulation of fuzzy inference rules, three fuzzy expert systems have been designed to evaluate corporate governance criteria. Also, the data related to 160 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange as a sample have been collected and their data has been processed using the aforementioned fuzzy systems. The output of the first system shows the quality of the ownership index and transparency in the sample companies. The output of the second system shows the quality of the board structure index and finally the output of the third system shows the quality of corporate governance in the mentioned companies. The results of these evaluations are shown in a list of the weakest and best companies in terms of ownership and transparency, the structure of the board of directors, and the quality of corporate governance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1147 - The effect of manufacturing purchasing managers index on stock market index in Iran
Sakineh Sejoodi Parviz Jafarzadeh BarenjiAbstract Considering the increasing development of the stock exchange market and its potential for creating economic growth and development of the country, it is very important to study the factors affecting this market and this issue is very important for all users of MoreAbstract Considering the increasing development of the stock exchange market and its potential for creating economic growth and development of the country, it is very important to study the factors affecting this market and this issue is very important for all users of this market. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) on the stock price index in Iran. Therefore, the present study has used the monthly data from 2018:10 to 2022:11 and using the Granger causality method and Johansen co-integration to investigate the relationship between Purchasing Managers Index and total stock price index and manufacturing stock price index. The results indicate that there is a one-way causality from the growth of the manufacturing purchasing managers index to the growth of the total stock price index and the growth of the manufacturing stock price index. Also, based on Johansen's cointegration test, there is a long-term positive relationship between the growth of manufacturing purchasing managers index and the growth of total stock price index, and also between the growth of manufacturing purchasing managers index and the growth of manufacturing stock price index. Given that the increase in PMI indicates economic prosperity in the manufacturing sector, this positive relationship shows that, as expected, stock price indices react positively to improvement signals in the manufacturing sector and negatively to negative signals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1148 - برآورد تابع تقاضای بنزین در ایران طی دوره زمانی 1381 تا 1386 با استفاده از تکنیک پنل دیتا*
علی امامی میبدی غلامرضا گرایی نژاد نگین دارابی -
Open Access Article
1149 - The Causal Analysis of Relationship between Inflation Rate and Unemployment in Iran (The case study of Philip’s curve)
تیمور محمدی عباسعلی ابونوری رویا محمدنژادAbstract The high unemployment rate is one of the chronically problems in Iranian Economy. There is a large gap between natural and nominal rate of unemployment in Iran. In the recent years, the policy makers tried to decrease and control unemployment rate by undertaki MoreAbstract The high unemployment rate is one of the chronically problems in Iranian Economy. There is a large gap between natural and nominal rate of unemployment in Iran. In the recent years, the policy makers tried to decrease and control unemployment rate by undertaking monetary policies, but the outcome of such policies has increased the inflation rate significantly especially during 1979 up to 2009 .In this paper, we tested the relationship between inflation and unemployment rates based on Philip’s curve hypothesis. Our estimation in form of two models separately, shows that, there is significant relationship between inflation wage rates in current period with previous one. In addition, the rate of inflation in each period is a function of productions level and wage rate. Also, the previous level of inflation has influenced current level of inflation rate significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1150 - The Corruption Effect on Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries
عبدالرحیم کردی مهدی خدا پرست مشهدیA country's investment environment is affected by Political, Institutional, and Economic Factors. These factors are determinants of quality of institutional environment across countries. Corruption often viewed as consequence of inappropriate institutions. Results of Mo MoreA country's investment environment is affected by Political, Institutional, and Economic Factors. These factors are determinants of quality of institutional environment across countries. Corruption often viewed as consequence of inappropriate institutions. Results of Most studies show that high cost and uncertainty created due to corruption affect attractiveness of host country to investors and destroys incentives for foreign investment. Yet, some studies could not find significant relationship between the corruption and foreign direct investment flows. Regard the lack of experimental study, the present research highlight the relationship between subcomponents of corruption and the flows of foreign direct investment in developing countries. The result of regression using panel data of 50 countries for time period 1996 – 2012, show that different forms of corruption have separately effects on the flows of foreign direct investment. So, corruption in the field of import/export permits has a positive and significant impact on FDI inflows, whereas corruption in the fields of annual tax payments, access to public utilities and judicial decisions have negative impact on FDI. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1151 - آثار درآمدهای نفتی بر رشد اقتصادی ایران مبتنی بر شکستهای ساختاری درون زا
محسن مهرآرا -
Open Access Article
1152 - The Interactions between Infation Uncertainty and Government Spending on Main Economic Sectors Growth In Iran
محسن مهر آرا میر سجاد سید قاسمی محسن بهزادی صوفیانیAbstract The present study aims at investigation of uncertainty effects of inflation and government expenditures and their interactional effect on the growth of main Iranian economic sectors. Using of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) mo MoreAbstract The present study aims at investigation of uncertainty effects of inflation and government expenditures and their interactional effect on the growth of main Iranian economic sectors. Using of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models is considered for evaluation of uncertainties because these models provide a possibility of change in conditional variance of error term. Then we use the method of Panel Data for the evaluation of the above-mentioned uncertainties effects between 1968-2012. The results show the negative effects of inflation uncertainty on the four main sectors of Iran’s economy. Government expenditures uncertainty has had negative effects on the growth of economic sectors which oil and gas are exceptions here. The interaction of the above uncertainties has had a negative and separate bearing on the growth of agriculture and services sectors. This means that the increase in each of these uncertainties causes the severity the effects of other uncertainty on these economic sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1153 - Financial implications of marketing model on sales improvement (Case study: herbal pharmaceutical companies)
Zakiyeh Ashouri S. Mahmood Shabgoo Monsef Kambiz Shahroodi Ali Gholipour SoleimaniAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the constructive role of herbal medicines in the resistance economy of our country through acquiring domestic markets and maintaining foreign exchange capital, as well as the currency earning potential of these medici MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the constructive role of herbal medicines in the resistance economy of our country through acquiring domestic markets and maintaining foreign exchange capital, as well as the currency earning potential of these medicines. The approach of this research was a combination, in the first stage, the data were collected using the foundational data theory method and the interview tool. The researchers interviewed 12 doctors, pharmacists, and herbal medicine sales managers in a targeted manner. The extracted financial consequences included: improving the sale of herbal medicines, increasing the export capacity, commercializing herbal medicines and attracting capital for the production and development of herbal medicines, which was used in the quantitative stage of the descriptive-survey method and using first-order factor analysis techniques. and the second were examined. 420 samples were collected using available random sampling and analyzed using AMOS software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1154 - The Study of Chaos Phenomenon in TEDPIX of Tehran Stock Exchange
محمد نمازی زهره حاجیها حسن چناری بوکت Abstract Complicated time series such as stock prices and their changes are commonly hypothesized as random and subsequently unanticipated parameters, while probably, these time series could the resultant of a chaos or a regular non–linear active process More Abstract Complicated time series such as stock prices and their changes are commonly hypothesized as random and subsequently unanticipated parameters, while probably, these time series could the resultant of a chaos or a regular non–linear active process and consequently they will be anticipatable. This article examines whether TEDPIX of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)are following the random walk process or evaluated by a chaotic process in the period of 1380-1392. For analysis of the hypothesis, unit root, BDS, autocorrelation and auto-regression were used. The results of the study indicate that TEDPIX is a chaotic and non–randomized parameter. These results are related to the inefficiency of the TSE market and subsequently showed that the TSE market has the potential of short–time predictability and there is a non–clearance information progress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1155 - الگویی برای تعیین ساختار بازار با استفاده از منطق فازی
علیرضا دقیقی اصلی حسین عظیمی آرانی جمشید پژویان -
Open Access Article
1156 - Identifying and Sensitivity Analysis the Effective Factors on Main Forming Groups of Iran’s Inflation: The Artificial Neural Network Approach
seyed sajad alam al hodaa samaneh tarighi mehdi shaban zadeh amin kajoeipoorAbstract Since the inflation has numerous effects on various aspects of economic and social, many economists believe the importance of inflation is higher than other economic indicators.With this approach, in this study the effective factors on main forming groups of I MoreAbstract Since the inflation has numerous effects on various aspects of economic and social, many economists believe the importance of inflation is higher than other economic indicators.With this approach, in this study the effective factors on main forming groups of Iran’s inflation in the Fourth Development Plan identified and have been examined. For achieve this target, among the twelve main forming groups of consumer price index (CPI), the important forming groups of CPI have been identified using Neural Network Sensitivity Analysis. Then by definition the causes and origins of inflation in Iran using various economic theories and domestic studies, the effects of these factors has been studied on the main commodity groups of CPI. The result of this study showed, among the main groups of commodities, Food and beverage group (Group 1), Housing , water, electricity, gas and other fuels Group (Group 4) and transport group (Group 7) were more important Compared to the other groups. So that, these groups explained 15.22%, 13.19% and 12.23% of the total change in the CPI during the period under review, respectively. The results of this study indicated the commodities of group 1 have been most affected by changes in liquidity, exchange rates and the GDP gap. Also commodities of group 4 and 7 have been most impressed by the rate of return on rent housing in urban areas and liquidity, inflation expectations and exchange rate, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1157 - Analysis of energy price reform effects on production and price in the agricultural sector
علی اصغر اسماعیل نیا شهرام وصفی اسفستانیAbstract This paper evaluates amounts of subsidies in the agricultural sector and estimates the effects of the implementation of price adjustment and targeted energy subsidies on economic growth and agricultural production. The methodology used is input-output analysis MoreAbstract This paper evaluates amounts of subsidies in the agricultural sector and estimates the effects of the implementation of price adjustment and targeted energy subsidies on economic growth and agricultural production. The methodology used is input-output analysis. The results show that the rising energy prices have increasing effect on the agricultural sector production. Price analysis of targeted energy subsidies shows that animal products increased more than 82 percent. Targeted energy subsidies could reduce 6.9 percent of output in all economic sectors and this reduction will be different for different economic sectors. This study shows that Output reduction is approximately 15.56 percent in Food, Beverage and Tobacco sector and 7.75 percent in agriculture and horticulture sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1158 - Financial Profitability by Determining the Pattern of Causal Relationships between Factors Affecting the Customer’s Culture of E-banking Services (Case study: Bank Mellat)
Fereesteh Oghbaie Ali Rezaeiyan S. Mahdi Alvani S. Zabiholla HashemiAbstractOne of the most important ways to increase financial profitability for banks is to identify and attract more customers. Most research on financial profitability through identifying and attracting customers has ignored the cultural dimension and ignored or paid l MoreAbstractOne of the most important ways to increase financial profitability for banks is to identify and attract more customers. Most research on financial profitability through identifying and attracting customers has ignored the cultural dimension and ignored or paid little attention to this important and key factor. The purpose of this study is financial profitability by determining the pattern of relationships between factors affecting the culture of e-banking customers to attract and retain them more as an innovative step in serving the community. This research is descriptive in nature and method and applied in purpose. Typically, research is a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative) in the inductive paradigm. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire. Qualitative data obtained from interviews with customers and managers of the bank's marketing were coded using thematic analysis, and for financial profitability, the most important factors affecting the culture of e-banking customers have been extracted, categorized and approved by experts. In the quantitative part of the research, to determine the pattern of causal relationships between identified factors (ethnicity, values, literacy, art, laws, technology), the Demetel technique (group decision based on pairwise comparisons and expert judgment) was used. The results show that for financial profitability for Iranian banks, the factors affecting the culture of e-banking customers are important and affect each other, respectively: literacy, values, technology, ethnicity, laws and art. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1159 - Modeling the impacts of OPEC oil price fluctuations on the Iranian investors sentiments- nonlinear and time-varying parameter
S. Kazem Chavoshi Arefeh Sharifi Abstract In classical finance, investors sentiment play no role in expected returns and stock prices, but behavioral finance believes that investors decisions are influenced by their sentiment.In oil-producing countries, including Iran, the news of OPEC oil pri More Abstract In classical finance, investors sentiment play no role in expected returns and stock prices, but behavioral finance believes that investors decisions are influenced by their sentiment.In oil-producing countries, including Iran, the news of OPEC oil price fluctuations affects investors sentiments . we used the monthly data for the period of research 2008 to 2021.The research method of this article is an application uses the nonlinear and time varying parameter models.The results show that OPEC oil price fluctuations on investors' investment follow nonlinear process .Change in a standard deviation in OPEC oil price fluctuations over time has a U-shaped effect on investor sentiment (moving on a horizontal axis).Changes in standard deviation in OPEC oil price fluctuations in each period (moving on the transverse axis), at the beginning of the second period have a strong negative effect and in the middle and end of period have a small negative effect on investors sentiments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1160 - بررسی ارتباط شفافیت مالی و اجتناب مالیاتی با توجه به مالکیت نهادی شرکتها ( مطالعه موردی شرکتهای بورس اوراق بهادار تهران )
محمدرضا عباس زاده مرتضی فدایی محسن مفتونیان مائده بابایی کلاریجانی -
Open Access Article
1161 - Explanation and Validation of Effective Factors in the Tax Audit Quality Improvement model
Ramin Jamshidi Bahram Barzegar Abdolreza MohseniAbstract The purpose of this research is to explain and validate the effective factors in the tax audit quality improvement model. Since an important part of each country's macro decision-making is budget information and its related resources, and also a major part of MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to explain and validate the effective factors in the tax audit quality improvement model. Since an important part of each country's macro decision-making is budget information and its related resources, and also a major part of social inequalities is caused by the lack of transparency in incomes and income gap, therefore identifying the factors that improve the quality model of tax audit And the evaluation of their relations can be a step in the direction of helping to fully secure the spending credits of the government's general budget, providing and increasing stable incomes, promoting tax justice and improving the structure of income distribution, helping the country's growth and development and realizing social justice. . The current research is an applied research. The data collection for the process of testing the designed model was done through a questionnaire and according to the categories obtained from the subsets of the main categories, and to measure the validity of the designed model from the structural equation model (analysis of quantitative data through confirmatory factor analysis ) and to test the hypotheses, PLS and SPSS software were used to analyze the correlation between variables and other tests. The findings of the research showed that the causal factors affecting the improvement of the tax audit quality model have a positive and significant effect on the central phenomenon categories affecting the improvement of the tax audit quality model. Also, the findings showed that the categories of the central phenomenon, background and intervening factors effective on the improvement of the tax audit quality model have a positive and significant effect on the strategic factors effective on the improvement of the tax audit quality model. Also, the findings showed that strategic factors have a positive and significant effect on the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1162 - The Role of Inflation Uncertainty onGas and Oil Consumption
Reza Ghaderi Moghadam Bijan Baseri Nemat Falihi Gholamreza AbbasiThe effects of inflation uncertainty and economic growth on oil and gas consumption in the Iranian economy are investigated. Using the family of GARCH models and annual data of inflation and economic growth during the period 1399-1360, the uncertainty behavior of inflat MoreThe effects of inflation uncertainty and economic growth on oil and gas consumption in the Iranian economy are investigated. Using the family of GARCH models and annual data of inflation and economic growth during the period 1399-1360, the uncertainty behavior of inflation and economic growth has been estimated. The cofficient show that the uncertainty of inflation and economic growth has significant effects on level of gas and oil Consumption.In addition, thereaction functions based on the Markov-switching approach, determinds that the shock of inflation and economic growth uncertainty has a positive effects on gas and oil consumption at the beginning of the period and has a negative effect after 4 periods. In the medium term, it has a negative effect on oil and gas consumption, which can not be in line with the sustainability of oil and gas consumption, in the long run, such conditions has no effect on oil and gas consumption and tends to zero after 20 periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1163 - The Effects of Doing Business Improvement on Export and FDI Absorption (case study some selected countries in G77 )
ابو الفضل شاه آبادی یونس سلمانی سید آرش ولی نیا Abstract In modern literature of international trade, institutional function and issuing efficient regulation from trade perspective are considered as the major reasons for economic development of the countries. Foreign direct investment (FDI) accumulation and More Abstract In modern literature of international trade, institutional function and issuing efficient regulation from trade perspective are considered as the major reasons for economic development of the countries. Foreign direct investment (FDI) accumulation and export are the key determinant of foreign trade which lead to economic development in some countries. In this study, the effects of improving the Doing Business and other variables on FDI accumulation and export have been investigated between 2006 and2012 in G77 countries. The key factors in accumulation of FDI include: Doing Business, plenty of natural resources, Good Governance and Economic Freedom. Moreover, the determining factors in export development are as follows: Doing Business, accumulation of FDI and real foreign currencies exchange rate. The results further indicate that improvement of Doing Business and Good Governance has a positive relationship with accumulation of FDI; however, plenty of natural resources have a negative relationship with accumulation of FDI. The results of this study show that improvement of Doing Business, accumulation of FDI and real foreign currencies exchange rates have a positive relationship with the export development of selected G77 countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1164 - بررسی پدیده خنثایی پول در اقتصاد ایران
مهدی حنطه منوچهر عسکری محمود ختایی -
Open Access Article
1165 - اثر مهاجرت و شهرنشینی بر اشتغال غیررسمی در مناطق مختلف ایران (روش شاخص های چندگانه-علل چندگانه (MIMIC))
محمد ستاری فر حمیدرضا زارعی نوشین شکری -
Open Access Article
1166 - Systemic Risk Contagion Mechanism in Iran Financial System: Money and Capital Markets
Vahid Mirzaei Badizi Ali Souri Mehdi Naji Nafisa BaharadmehrAbstract In this paper, using an agent-based model, the behavior of commercial banks and investment funds is simulated. We have tried to show systemic risk transmission mechanism from the money market to the capital market through balance sheet changes. In this model, MoreAbstract In this paper, using an agent-based model, the behavior of commercial banks and investment funds is simulated. We have tried to show systemic risk transmission mechanism from the money market to the capital market through balance sheet changes. In this model, the money and capital markets are endogenously modeled and the price is determined by interest rate and stock market index in these markets respectively. 81 percent of Iranian commercial banks have a mixed portfolio of interbank loans and securities and can spread the crisis throughout the financial system in case of a shock. This process happens through the fire sale mechanism and investment fund unit redemption and can make stocks undervalued in the capital market. Although higher imposed capital adequacy and liquid assets rate can reduce the shock effect on price in the capital market, these high rates make banks portfolios mixed and increases systemic risk. Optimal capital adequacy rate is estimated 19 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1167 - بررسی روشهای تأمین مالی با رشد سود آوری شرکتهای صنایع داروئی در ایران
علی نعمتی مجتبی کریمی رویا وحیدی مولوی -
Open Access Article
1168 - ارزیابی مدلهای خطی و غیرخطی در پیشبینی شاخص قیمت سهام در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
علی اکبر خسروی نژاد مرجان شعبانی صدر پیشه -
Open Access Article
1169 - Analysis the effects of monetary policy on stock prices in the Iranian economy; Method of Bayesian Averaging and Augmented Time Varying Parameter- Vector Autoregression Approach
Maryam Rouhani Mahmoud Houshmand M. Taher Ahmadi ShadmehriAbstract One of the basic dimensions in the discussion of financial instability is the volatility of asset prices. The reason for the change in asset prices is not only the policies of the central bank, but examining its impact interprets an important part of its chang MoreAbstract One of the basic dimensions in the discussion of financial instability is the volatility of asset prices. The reason for the change in asset prices is not only the policies of the central bank, but examining its impact interprets an important part of its changes. In this research, based on the method of Bayesian averaging and principal component analysis, the monetary policy index effective on the stock price has been determined and through the TVP-FAVAR model, the effect of this variable on the stock price has been investigated in MATLAB software. According to the results, the changes of one standard deviation in the monetary policy index over time on stock prices have been U-shaped. Changes of one standard deviation in the monetary policy index had a positive and strong impact on stock prices in the beginning to the end of the period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1170 - بررسی اثر صادرات غیرنفتی بر نرخ ارز حقیقی در ایران
بهمن طهماسبی احمد جعفری صمیمی غلامعلی فرجادی -
Open Access Article
1171 - Chaos and Nonlinear Stock Price Index of Tehran Stock Exchange Chaos and Nonlinear Stock Price Index of Tehran Stock Exchange
قدرت اله امام وردی سمانه صفرزاده بیجار بنهAbstract The stock price indices are indispensable variables in economic systems, these usually complicated time series are almost stochastic, and hence their variation is assumed unpredictable. For this purpose, nonlinear and predictable examinations are used to test MoreAbstract The stock price indices are indispensable variables in economic systems, these usually complicated time series are almost stochastic, and hence their variation is assumed unpredictable. For this purpose, nonlinear and predictable examinations are used to test the existence of determined chaotic trend and nonlinear process in daily time series of Tehran’s stock index from 1387/4/8 to 1392/7/10.The results reflect that sign test proves the non-stochastic nature of price index. The BDS’ results and those of sign test show that stock price index follows a nonlinear process. The independence tests like BDS test, White test, Chow test, test the correlation between observations in which the results are affirmative. Moreover, the cointegration-adjusted tests are used for testing the chaotic process of the price index and the results of both are affirmative. For predicting the stock price index in ongoing periods, we have used ARFIMA, FIGARCH, LSTAR,and ESTAR. Among those models, which examine the existence of long run memory in stock price index, FIGARCH, which tests the long run memory and variance, has the most capacity of accurate prediction. Among the nonlinear models, ESTAR has the most capacity. At the last, prediction is reported for ten periods with the one head process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1172 - An Evaluation between Financial Development and Economic Growth Based on Post-Keynesian Macro- Model
فرهاد دژپسند ریحانه بخاراییAbstract One of the sections, which expand greatly, coincides with economic growth and development is financial sector of any economy. Although different opinions presented regarding the direction of causality between them, but the direction of causality and effect dep MoreAbstract One of the sections, which expand greatly, coincides with economic growth and development is financial sector of any economy. Although different opinions presented regarding the direction of causality between them, but the direction of causality and effect depends on the different stages of financial development and economic growth could be different. In this paper, the relationship between financial development and economic growth will be analyzed over the period of 1393-1353 by using post-Keynesian approach. In fact, the key question is whether financial development affects economic growth. With respect to the rate of more than 85 percent of money in financial market, in this paper indicator of financial depth has been used as an indicator of financial development. Using the simultaneous system of equations by generalized method of moments and structural Vector regression, the negative effect of financial development on economic growth has been shown. The results show that owing to the fact that Iran is a developing country and cannot allocate more resources to the development of the financial system, so financial markets do not have enough efficiency. Hence, the financial markets have failed to play an active role in real sector of economy and investment. As a conclusion, Post-Keynesian’s view of financial development and economic growth is rejected in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1173 - Measuring the Economic Efficiencies and Productivity of Natural Gas Refineries in Iran
علی امامی تیمور محمدی عارف بهروزAbstract This paper has been tried to measure technical, allocative and economic efficiency of natural gas refineries of Iran during 2003-2009 with using non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index.For this purpose, the input based method with th MoreAbstract This paper has been tried to measure technical, allocative and economic efficiency of natural gas refineries of Iran during 2003-2009 with using non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index.For this purpose, the input based method with three inputs and two output is used. The results showed that the average technical, allocative and economic efficiency, of provinces of the country during 2003-2009, respectively is 95 percent, 98.1 percent and 93 percent. Among natural gas refineries for calculation of the productivity, two refinery, on average, have experienced during 2003-2009 positive growth, and 4 other refinery, have experienced negative growth in productivity. During the year, interest in total factor productivity refineries growers an average of 8.2 percent had negative growth, negative growth of 8 percent due to changes in Technology efficiency . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1174 - تحلیل اثرات آزادسازی تجارت خدمات مالی بر بهرهوری کل عوامل: مطالعه موردی کشورهای منتخب در حال توسعه
علیرضا امینی مریم لطفی پور -
Open Access Article
1175 - Identifying the Key Sectors in the Tourism Industry of Iran: (An Input-Output Model Approach)
محمدرضا فرزین ابتهال زندی مرجان عبدی نیلوفر عباس پورOne of the method to recognize key sectors allocation resources priority in the the economy, is using Input-Output Table. Identifying the key sectors of the economy prevents from inadvertent investments and leads to deliberate economic activities and p MoreOne of the method to recognize key sectors allocation resources priority in the the economy, is using Input-Output Table. Identifying the key sectors of the economy prevents from inadvertent investments and leads to deliberate economic activities and proper prioritization for allocating the limited resources. Tourism industry, as an important economic sector, is composed of various subsectors which plays a crucial role in the economic growth and employment. In this paper, With Using an input-output model we identified key sectors in Tourism Industry and its impacts on the economc growth. Based on production elasticities among sectors as a measurement instrument, the findings suggest investment in the key sectors of tourism industry including road transport, libraries and museums, rail transport, and water transportation in order to achieve higher level of economic growth.In other hand, based on employment and income elasticities, transport services and water expansion as a key sectors were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1176 - تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر بهره وری کل عوامل تولید : (مطالعه موردی صنایع تولید مواد شیمیایی اساسی ایران)
هوشنگ شجری حسین استادی ثریا شیخی -
Open Access Article
1177 - Pricing The Gold Coin Options of Iran Mercantile Exchange Market:"Black Scholes" and "Put-Call Parity"Approaches Pricing The Gold Coin Options of Iran Mercantile Exchange Market:"Black Scholes" and "Put-Call Parity"Approaches
Nafishe Baharadmehr Narges TahmasabiAbstractThe purpose of this paper is to price the gold coin options contracts in the Iranʻs Exchange Market. For this purpose, the "Black Scholes" model has been used as well as the "Put-Call Parity" method. GARCH model and Statistical method have been used for the "Bla MoreAbstractThe purpose of this paper is to price the gold coin options contracts in the Iranʻs Exchange Market. For this purpose, the "Black Scholes" model has been used as well as the "Put-Call Parity" method. GARCH model and Statistical method have been used for the "Black Scholes" model. The data for six Gold Coin options in the Iran mercantile exchange has been obtained for period of 16/12/1395 to 1/4/1396. The results show that both the "Black Scholes" and the "put-call parity" suggest investors buy call options. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1178 - Development of blockchain technology acceptance model in the context of management accounting concepts
S. Sama Aleyasin Zahra PoorzamaniAbstract Business development based on synchronization with the world's technology is inevitable. In this direction and in this research, the adoption of the developed model of blockchain technology based on some concepts of management accounting, including cost manage MoreAbstract Business development based on synchronization with the world's technology is inevitable. In this direction and in this research, the adoption of the developed model of blockchain technology based on some concepts of management accounting, including cost management, innovation, self-efficacy of managers, strategic position and social impact has been discussed. The research method is a correlational survey among 246 accountants of Tehran Stock Exchange companies and accounting professors, which has been addressed by using structural equation modeling with the partial least squares (PLS) method. The research findings have shown that the application The reality of blockchain is affected by the willingness to use blockchain, which is also affected by the variables of understanding the ease and usefulness of blockchain use, both of which are affected by cost management, and also the understanding of ease is affected by the innovation and self-efficacy of managers and understanding Utility is influenced by social influence. In addition to enriching the theoretical research literature, the research results can be used for the development of businesses in order to determine strategies aligned with the new blockchain technology that will be used in various financial and operational dimensions and internal and external reporting Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1179 - Design a Model to Predict the Financial Crisis of the Iranian Capital market Using Smart Web Models
Maryam Roohisara masoud taherinia Hassan Zalaqi Ahmed SarlakAbstract As the managers due to decision-making and stakeholders, namely investors, tend to predict the occurrence or non-occurrence of financial crisis in the organization under their management, so the present study is aimed to provide a model for predicting this cri MoreAbstract As the managers due to decision-making and stakeholders, namely investors, tend to predict the occurrence or non-occurrence of financial crisis in the organization under their management, so the present study is aimed to provide a model for predicting this crisis. To achieve the research purpose, smart web models including grey wolf, ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization and genetics algorithms were used. For this purpose, the data obtained from the questionnaire completed by 20 experts in the quality section and the data obtained from 173 companies from 2009 to 2019 listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) were used. 38 indices from the categories of macroeconomic indicators, industry factors, corporate characteristics, political, cultural and behavioral events were identified using the review of the theoretical basics. Then, 25 indicators with high impact on the financial crisis were selected using expert opinion and MICMAC analysis. Then, by reviewing the financial statements of 173 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and using Rahavard Novin software, the data were collected from 25 selected indicators and their impact on the financial crisis was examined using gray wolf, ant colony, particle swarm and genetics algorithm to determine the final model of the research. It was found that in terms of efficiency, the ant colony optimization method is the most efficient and the gray wolf method is the least efficient in predicting the financial crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1180 - Providing marketing model in recession conditions
فرزانه فراهانی آزاد منصوره علیقلی سینا نعمتی زادهAbstract The purpose of this research is to provide a marketing model in recession conditions. The results of this study indicate the extraction of 6 main dimensions and 21 pivotal components which are in the form of a paradigm model including marketing proportional to MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to provide a marketing model in recession conditions. The results of this study indicate the extraction of 6 main dimensions and 21 pivotal components which are in the form of a paradigm model including marketing proportional to recession conditions as a pivotal category and causal conditions (payments and bonuses during recession, economic and competitive situation during recession, rapid environmental changes during recession period and internal and external environmental conditions), underlying factors (the company's position in the market during recession, customer recognition and needs). They were in recession, creativity in marketing during the recession and marketing mix during the recession), interventionist conditions (increasing market share during the recession period, financial and human factors during the recession period, distribution channels and marketing network during the recession), strategies (differentiation strategy, cost strategy, contraction strategy and development strategy) and outcomes (continuation of customer relationship during recession, development of skills and creativity of enterprises and proper use of resources in the period stagnation) has been achieved Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1181 - رابطه بین قیمتهای نقدی و آتی سکه طلا در ایران
محسن مهرآرا فاطمه نائبی -
Open Access Article
1182 - Pathology of Non-performing Loans with Emphasis on its Effective Factors
آزاده محرابیان رویا سیفی پورFrom an economic point increase in bad loans and non-performing loans could be the reason for the creation of a banking crisis. This study investigates the factors that affecting the formation of the current non-performing loans and requirements of its decline in the ec MoreFrom an economic point increase in bad loans and non-performing loans could be the reason for the creation of a banking crisis. This study investigates the factors that affecting the formation of the current non-performing loans and requirements of its decline in the economy of Iran. This paper is used the common theoretical, empirical studies, the experience of countries to reduce non-performing loans, specific conditions in Iran and appropriate econometric model. Model estimation for banks from year 1380 to 1393 indicates that the decline in economic growth, an increase in inflation rates and the exchange rate and also risky behavior of bank, credit growth and the size of banks are the important variables in the formation of non-performing loans Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1183 - The effect of financial indicators on economic growth in Islamic countries using a non-linear model
hadi agababei Manijeh Hadinjad S. Khashayar Seyed ShokriAbstract One of the factors that play an essential role in achieving the goal of rapid and continuous economic growth is the development of the financial sector of each country. Countries with a more developed financial system are on the path of faster economic growth MoreAbstract One of the factors that play an essential role in achieving the goal of rapid and continuous economic growth is the development of the financial sector of each country. Countries with a more developed financial system are on the path of faster economic growth because they make the economy in question capable of experiencing higher growth rates. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of financial development indicators on economic growth in member countries of the Islamic Conference; Therefore, in order to examine this topic, the present article used one of the newest econometric approaches called the PSTR model and measured the non-linear effect of financial development indicators on economic growth in the member countries of the Islamic Conference during the period from 2008 to 2022. The results obtained from the PSTR model indicate the existence of a non-linear relationship between the studied variables. In the final PSTR model, the slope parameter, which indicates the speed of adjustment from one regime to another regime, is equal to 21.0818, the location of regime change is estimated to be 10.5986. Therefore, if the financial development index (the ratio of internal credits of banks to gross domestic product) exceeds 10.5986 percent, the behavior of the variables will be according to the second regime, and if it is less than the above threshold, it will be placed in the first regime. The coefficients of the variables (percentages) have been estimated. The obtained results show that the financial development index (the ratio of internal credits of banks to gross domestic production) has a different effect on economic growth in both regimes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1184 - Investigating social banking in the world for small industries and providing a solution on how to generalize it in Ardabil
Naser Seifollahi Vahideh EbrahimiKharajoAbstractIn the banking industry, a diverse range of activities has been introduced under the heading of social banking measures; Social banks try to invest in activities that improve the conditions of society as a whole. Stable investments and lending methods; These are MoreAbstractIn the banking industry, a diverse range of activities has been introduced under the heading of social banking measures; Social banks try to invest in activities that improve the conditions of society as a whole. Stable investments and lending methods; These are some of the things that these banks use to increase the quality of social life and play an important role in financing small industries. Although banks have been involved in this in recent years; But social banking is a new approach to the growth of small industries. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate social banking in the world for small industries and provide a solution on how to generalize it in Ardabil province. In terms of orientation, this study is in the category of applied research and in terms of nature, it is in the category of exploratory research. It is also considered qualitative in terms of data certainty. The sampling method is a judgmental and purposeful method. The statistical population of the present study is all experts and experts in the field of banking, in which 20 interviews were conducted and analyzed. The results were analyzed using MAXQDA software. Data analysis was performed by analyzing the theme and after analyzing the interviews and open and centralized coding of the interview text, four dimensions of social banking were identified, which are (financing, environment, customers and society). Finally, by reviewing the research literature and presenting successful social banking solutions in the world; Solutions appropriate to the business environment of Ardabil province for small industries located in the towns and industrial areas of the province were given and suggestions in this regard were provided to banks to finance these industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1185 - Government Spending and the Transmission Channels of Their Effects on Macroeconomic Variables: A DSGE Approach
انوشیروان تقی پور هما اصفهانیانAbstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, MoreAbstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, the effect of government spending depends on how the spending is financed. Oil in the Iranian economy plays a significant role, so that more than 45% of the budget is directly financed by oil revenue. Therefore, oil plays a major role in macroeconomic variables fluctuations. The aim of this paper is that while explaining the business cycle behavior of the oil income, its relation with some relevant macroeconomic variables including government expenditures, investment, growth, inflation and money is examined as well. To end this, we use a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to explain the transmission channels of oil revenues effect on macroeconomic variables through the government budget, public capital stock and monetary base channels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1186 - مدل سازی علل درونی معوق شدن تسهیلات قرض الحسنه به روش "حد آستانه" (مورد کاربرد : بانک قرضالحسنه رسالت)
حسین میرزایی ابراهیم کریمی اصل -
Open Access Article
1187 - Assessing the Relationship Between Internal and External Information Shocks and Investor Behavioral Biases
Maryam Moradi Zahra PourzamaniAbstract Classical economics and the study of financial markets from a normative point of view have their foundations laid in the rationality of economic agents. The main hypothesis revolves around decision making under rationality. on the other hand,investors do not a MoreAbstract Classical economics and the study of financial markets from a normative point of view have their foundations laid in the rationality of economic agents. The main hypothesis revolves around decision making under rationality. on the other hand,investors do not act as if they are rational,the contrary,exhibit many biases that lead to poor investment decisions in specific contexts.These cognitive errors are due to investors’ inability to certainly know market movements for the next periods, which inclines them to make biased decisions.This paper wishes to analyze the behavior of investors from Tehran Stock Exchange to see if they are prone to behavioral bias under the conditions of information shock. To achieve the research goal, data of 106 sample companies were collected in the period 2013-2020 and analyzed by descriptive-correlation analysis using multiple regression test. The results showed that there was only a significant relationship between internal information shock (fundamental changes in institutional ownership) and behavioral bias of investors' Loss aversion and Self-control Bias and no significant relationship was found with other internal and external shocks. Also, there is no significant relationship between internal and external shocks and behavioral bias of Information Salience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1188 - Analyze the impact of trade liberalization on unemployment: a case study of selected developing countries
alireaz amini solale moradzadehAbstract Trade liberalization execution, because of positive effect on productivity or efficiency, considered by policymakers in most developing countries. One of the concerns of developing countries in the implementation of the policy, is the negative impact on employ MoreAbstract Trade liberalization execution, because of positive effect on productivity or efficiency, considered by policymakers in most developing countries. One of the concerns of developing countries in the implementation of the policy, is the negative impact on employment. In this regard, the present study is to answer the question of whether trade liberalization leads to an increase in unemployment in developing countries? In order to maintain a relatively homogeneous economic structure, eighteen upper-middle income country such as Iran is selected. Data which used in this project are for the years 2000-2009. We used defined indicator by the Fraser Institute entitled “freedom to trade internationally” for Trade liberalization Variable. Econometric method used in this study is generalized method of moments (GMM). Results of the study show that trade liberalization has a negative and meaningful effect on unemployment rate. This means that trade liberalization can have positive effect on increasing employment and decreasing unemployment. Also GDP has negative and meaningful effect on unemployment and labor force and capital per head variables have positive and meaningful effect on unemployment According to theoretical expectations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1189 - بررسی همگرایی بلند مدت قیمت مسکن در مناطق شهر تهران
فرهاد دژپسند لادن محتوی -
Open Access Article
1190 - A Projection of Energy Consumption in Iranian Agriculture Sector
ابراهیم عباسیAbstract Agriculture productions are dependent to fossil fuels and other energy resources. Any damage in providing energy in agriculture sector has significant effect on its output productivity. Statisticsshow that the total amount of energy consumption in the agricult MoreAbstract Agriculture productions are dependent to fossil fuels and other energy resources. Any damage in providing energy in agriculture sector has significant effect on its output productivity. Statisticsshow that the total amount of energy consumption in the agriculture sectorduring 1370-1388 has increased from 1.33 million barrels of crude oil to 4.43 (equivalent to 1.3 times higher). Petroleum products are the main sources of energy consumed in this sector. Inthis paper, in order to forecast the energy consumption, value added of agriculture sector by anARIMA model has been calculated. Then based on the average energy intensity in existing situation (7.0) andfuture years we forecasted three scenarios for energy consumption (Onefavorable and two unfavorable scenarios) up to 1410. High-energy intensity will create social costs and damages to environmental via emission of greenhouse gases. Subsidy payment to energy consumption has led to vulnerability to environmental problem .Inorder to optimize the energy consumption and reduce its intensity in theagricultural sector different strategies should be considered such as decreased in the use of fossilenergy and using new energies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1191 - ارزیابی کارایی فنی صنعت بانکداری ایران و تعیین عوامل موثر برآن (رهیافت مدل های مرزی تصادفی)
محسن مهرآر ا رامین عبدی -
Open Access Article
1192 - تحلیل تأثیر بازار بورس بین المللی بر بازار بورس ایران : استفاده از رهیافت سیستم دینامیکی و GARCH
نعمت فلیحی تیمور محمدی معصومه شاه کرم اوغلی -
Open Access Article
1193 - بررسی اثر نوسانات قیمت نفت خام بر شاخص بازدهی بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
محمد علی خطیب سمنانی معصومه شجاعی مسعود شجاعی خسروشاهی -
Open Access Article
1194 - Analyzing the Impact of Financial Policy (Total Income Tax) on Income Distribution in Selected OECD Countries
حسن ملااسمعیلی دهشیری جمشید پژویان فرهاد غفاری سید شمس الدین حسینیAbstract Economic justice and equitable distribution of income, along with important issues such as economic growth and development, the reduction of inflation and unemployment, have always been of concern to economists. Fair distribution of income and reduction of inc MoreAbstract Economic justice and equitable distribution of income, along with important issues such as economic growth and development, the reduction of inflation and unemployment, have always been of concern to economists. Fair distribution of income and reduction of income inequality in society, and the identification of factors affecting income inequality to make the right policy are necessary and obvious. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of financial policy (total income tax) on income distribution (GINI CO) in OECD countries. In this regard, panel data approach has been used to investigate the impact of total income tax on gini CO for 6 selected OECD countries from 2000 to 2015. The results show that an increase in inflation index and unemployment index leads to a increase in income inequality and that an increase in income tax revenues leads to a reduction in income inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1195 - The impact of the real exchange rate on the eve of the trade-growth nexus in Iran threshold regression model (TR)
جعفر قادری بهنام ایزدی زهور نژاد حلافی فرانک خسرویBased on the impact of foreign trade on economic growth, various theories has established which according to them many policies and strategies have introduced. As a fact, the performance of trade depends on many factors, like, real exchange rate; the effect MoreBased on the impact of foreign trade on economic growth, various theories has established which according to them many policies and strategies have introduced. As a fact, the performance of trade depends on many factors, like, real exchange rate; the effect of real exchange rate on economic growth efficiency has studied in this paper. In this regard, the main point of this study is to estimate optimum threshold point of real exchange rate in growth- trade link in Iranian economy during 1971-2012.in doing so, TR technique has used for considering the data extracted from Iranian central bank reports and statistical center of Iran. Results confirm a negative influence of foreign trade on economic growth in high level of the optimum exchange rate. Also, according to the main findings, efficient rate of real exchange rate for Iranian economic is equal to 9892 Rials. So, by increasing real exchange rate more than this level, one percentage of increasing economic openness index, due to decreasing economic growth to 0.090517 %, while the same increasing of exchange rate in lower level of threshold rate make positive economic growth to 0.054%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1196 - بررسی اثر نوسانات نرخ ارز بر اشتغال در ایران
کریم امامی الهه ملکی -
Open Access Article
1197 - واژههای کلیدی: سرریز تلاطم ، معاملات اختلال زا ، بازارهای مالی ، مدل آرچ ، مدل گارچ . طبقه بندی JEL : C22.C32.G11,G4
Sharara Taheri Abdul Majid Abdul Baqi Attaabadi majid vaziri sarashk Mohammad Hossein ArmanAbstract Financial markets are currently experiencing sharp volatility. The turbulent environment of financial markets, the close relationship in these markets and the significant impact it has on the country's economy, as well as the urgent need to predict future fina MoreAbstract Financial markets are currently experiencing sharp volatility. The turbulent environment of financial markets, the close relationship in these markets and the significant impact it has on the country's economy, as well as the urgent need to predict future financial and economic scenarios, have led researchers to explore and analyze these inter-market relationships. Studying how the returns and volatility in one market affect other markets has always been one issue that helps investors and policymakers to make optimal decisions. Given the importance of volatility spillovers in the Iranian financial market, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the volatility in the foreign exchange, gold markets to the capital market in Iran. In this regard, in this study, the effect of volatility spillover and noise trading of gold and foreign exchange markets on volatility in capital market returns has been investigated. This descriptive study was conducted using the daily and monthly data from the foreign exchange, gold, and capital markets from 2010 to 2019 and to analyze the data, ARCH and GARCH models have been used. The results of this study showed that the abnormal volatility of the capital market in the previous day positively affects the abnormal volatility of the capital market today, indicating that if money flows in the capital market, which indicates the flow of money in the capital market from yesterday, increasing the transfer of emotions to the current capital market. In addition, the abnormal volatility in the of gold and foreign exchange markets in the previous today has a positive effect on the abnormal volatility in the capital market today. The positive effect of this effect indicates the flow of money in the foreign exchange and gold markets and its volatility spillover into the capital market. Overall, the findings of this study confirmed the positive impact of the foreign exchange and gold markets on the abnormal volatility in the capital market in the short term (daily) and long term (monthly). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1198 - Factors affect of Non performacing Loan in Iran
kashayar seyed shokri somayeh garosiAbstract Today, one of the major problems of banks and financial/credit institutions is outstanding and deferred loans. Non-performing loans decrease financial ability of banks to grant new loans and the bank's profitability and increase collection costs and the other MoreAbstract Today, one of the major problems of banks and financial/credit institutions is outstanding and deferred loans. Non-performing loans decrease financial ability of banks to grant new loans and the bank's profitability and increase collection costs and the other hand it adverse effects on the banking and financial sectors, and the wider dimensions, on the people through the financial and monetary crises. Due to the loss of the entire banking system and the economy through this, it will be necessary to address this important issue. Therefore, in addition to consider the previous studies that considered the endogenous and exogenous factors affecting the Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) ratio, the effect of GDP growth and inflation variables as macroeconomic variables to show the impact of macroeconomic conditions on banks Non-Performing Loans (NPLs)ratio, was considered. Also management quality, size, and moral hazard as the banking system specific factors were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1199 - The effect of foreign aid on per capita income growth in some selected Developing countries from Asia and Africa
کریم امامی نجمه آزاد وارAbstract Capital formation is one of the important factors in economic development. Developing countries are usually known with poor economies or ventures descend. In these countries not only current reserves of capital is low but also the concentration of capital. Due MoreAbstract Capital formation is one of the important factors in economic development. Developing countries are usually known with poor economies or ventures descend. In these countries not only current reserves of capital is low but also the concentration of capital. Due to the lack of internal funds for financing in developing countries, is one of proposed solutions on an international scale is import of capital such as loans, credits and grants from developed countries. Therefore, the effect of foreign aid as a foreign financial flow to developing countries to promote economic development is essential and knowledge of these effects will lead to the right decisions for the optimal use of these contributions. This study investigates the impact of foreign aid on growth in per capita income. We employ panel data over the years 1987 to 2010 in selected developing countries from Asia and Africa deals. The result show the effectiveness of foreign aid on per capita income growth is negative but small. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1200 - ارزیابی چگونگی عوامل تاثیرگذار بانکی بر مطالبات غیرجاری بانک-های ایران )رویکرد مدل پانل پویا GMM)
نادر حکیمی پور -
Open Access Article
1201 - Presenting the policy model of the talent management system in the country's banking network
Fateme Memari Vahid AraeiAbstractThe aim of the current research is to identify the needs, find talent, attract and retain human resources talent in the country's banking network in order to provide a policy model for the talent management system. The research method is qualitative and to analy MoreAbstractThe aim of the current research is to identify the needs, find talent, attract and retain human resources talent in the country's banking network in order to provide a policy model for the talent management system. The research method is qualitative and to analyze the text of the interviews and identify the criteria and indicators, the analysis and theme analysis technique was used, and the data were analyzed during three stages of primary, secondary and selective coding. The statistical population includes 15 academic experts related to talent management and human resource managers of banks, and a combination of targeted judgment methods and snowball methods were used to select the sample. According to the results, the model of the talent management system in the country's banking network is based on three main components of input, talent management process and output, and banks should move towards talent management based on the dimensions of these components and in this context Don't be hasty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1202 - An Investigation of the Relationship between Taxation and Economic Growth (The Case Study: Iran, OPEC and OECD Countries)
ایوب فرامرزی مجید دشتبان فاروجی نادر حکیمی پور صادق علیپور امیر جباریAbstract Tax revenues considers as one of the most important sources of financing and as an effective instrument for fiscal policy in the most economies. The many economists have done experimental and theoretical studies about the effects of taxes on economic growth in MoreAbstract Tax revenues considers as one of the most important sources of financing and as an effective instrument for fiscal policy in the most economies. The many economists have done experimental and theoretical studies about the effects of taxes on economic growth in different countries. For this purpose, this study investigated the relationship between the taxes and economic growth in Iran, OECD and OPEC selected countries. The results of this article for Iran during 1963-2011 has indicated that no cause relationship between taxes and economic growth. Johansen test also showed that the tax have not effected on economic growth. This Result also in 26 OECD member countries during 1998 to 2011 using the VAR-Panel model shows have cause relationship between taxes and economic growth. However, these results from Pedroni and Kao tests also indicate that have no cause relationship between taxes and economic growth in OPEC selected countries during 1994-2011. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1203 - A survey of Financing Projects Mechanisms in Oil Industry of Iran
ابراهیم عباسی سید ایمان مصطفویAbstract Hyrocarbonic product including Oil & Gas export revenues play a central role in economy , social & political stability as well as the security of exporting countries . These nations are mainly categorized as developing countries and are heavily depende MoreAbstract Hyrocarbonic product including Oil & Gas export revenues play a central role in economy , social & political stability as well as the security of exporting countries . These nations are mainly categorized as developing countries and are heavily dependent on capital, management & the advance trchnology of Oil majors for exploitation of their underground reserves. On the other side the foreign Oil companies (FOCs) require security and a promising long term profit to secure any investment in host countries. These two groups mainly come together and enter in to agreement within what we refer to as Oil & Gas contracts in which the parties stipulate and agree on all the terms and conditions as well as their financial expectations thereof. Factors such as restrictions posed by legal systems, public’s historical background, economical and political status of the nation a long with several others may motivate or discourage a country as to adopt or avoid a certain type of contract. Adopting a certain type of contract may in long run affect the outcomes drastically either towards or against interests of host countries. This research, after analyzing , various finance project types conventional in Oil & Gas industry, comparing their merits and pitfalls and reviewing criticisms ; aims at proposing apprpaiate options for Iran. Using the Analytical Hierachy Process (AHP) , this research compares Buy-back , Concession and Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) together to find the optimum contractual method in finance and project implemention in oil upstream section for both independent and Iranian joint fields . the most important decision-making criteria for making contract in upstream section for oil and gas industry are classified to “Befor” and “After” contract approval. the criteria were selected by Delphi method. To do this research , two questioners were filled out by professionals in oil industry in two stages and the data was analyzed by EC software. The analysis of data indicates that the Buy-back are preferable than PSCs and Concession contracts in independent fields (63.4%) and the PSCs are preferable than Buy-back and Concession contracts in joint fields Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1204 - Consequences of the policymaker's reaction to speculative attacks in the foreign exchange market: The role of the quality of political institutions
Shahram Jafarzadeh Gollo Hossein Abbasinejhad Teymour rahmani Sajjad BarkhordariAbstract Monetary policymakers can choose between intervention or non-intervention to defend the national currency against speculative attacks in the foreign exchange market. Given the incomplete information of the central bank about the severity of the attack, it is n MoreAbstract Monetary policymakers can choose between intervention or non-intervention to defend the national currency against speculative attacks in the foreign exchange market. Given the incomplete information of the central bank about the severity of the attack, it is necessary to be aware of the relative consequences of each of the reactions in the unit of economic indicators as a result of each of its possible responses. This study examines these consequences in the unit of changes in GDP and inflation for developing and emerging countries and in the period 1960 to 2018 examines the role of the quality of political institutions between selected countries. The results obtained from the instantaneous reaction functions for GDP and inflation as a result of three possible types of central bank responses including intervention with success, intervention with failure and non-intervention in the foreign exchange market show that in the absence of quality indicators of political institutions Low cost will not face a clear and unequivocal answer. In terms of the quality of political institutions, intervention in the foreign exchange market is preferred in the group of countries with high quality political institutions due to the increasing reputation and credibility of the policies announced by the Independent Central Bank. Findings show that in the group of countries with moderate quality of political institutions, non-intervention of policymakers in the foreign exchange market is associated with increased GDP growth and low inflation and is preferable to intervention in the foreign exchange market. In the group of countries with low quality political institutions, intervention in the foreign exchange market is less risky than non-intervention, and the low-cost response is to defend the national currency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1205 - Structural equations relationship between asset growth, profit continuity, profit management and investment opportunities with profit sharing and company value
Abdolrasoul Rahmanian Koushkaki Hossein TaheriAbstract The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between assets growth, profit continuity, profit management and investment opportunities with profit sharing and company value among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical MoreAbstract The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between assets growth, profit continuity, profit management and investment opportunities with profit sharing and company value among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical sample of the research includes 113 active companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2015 to 2019. Structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) was used for statistical analysis. The findings of this study showed that assets growth, profit continuity, investment opportunities and profit management have an effect on dividends. There is also a significant relationship between earnings management and dividends. Finally, the distributed profit, assets growth, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. Finally, the distributed profit, the growth of assets, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. Finally, the distributed profit, profit growth, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. When investors determine the value of the company in terms of accounting data, it is necessary to consider the growth rate of assets. When the company does not have a shortage of available cash, the manager does not face a serious problem in allocating resources between investment opportunities and profit distribution. The growth of assets creates value for a company. Managers mostly proceed with profit continuation; Because the amount of profit and its fluctuation is important from the point of view of the company's shareholders and it affects the value of the company. Using investment opportunities and adopting favorable debt and profit sharing policies, which are among the tools of financial decisions, can improve the position of the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1206 - The effect of economic variables on the behavior of stock prices of companies admitted to the stock exchange
Leila Asiabii Aghdam Ashkan Rahimzadeh Yadollah RajaeiAbstractCausal relationships and dynamic interactions between macroeconomic variables and stock price index are very important in formulating macroeconomic policies and political policies of a country. In this article, the effect of economic variables on the behavior of MoreAbstractCausal relationships and dynamic interactions between macroeconomic variables and stock price index are very important in formulating macroeconomic policies and political policies of a country. In this article, the effect of economic variables on the behavior of the stock price of the company admitted to the stock exchange was investigated. The research method of this article is based on the purpose of the article (examining the effect of economic variables on the behavior of the stock price of a company admitted to the stock exchange) and is of an applied type. An attempt was made in this article; By explaining the theory and designing a model and using the econometric methods of the TAR threshold self-return model, the effect of economic variables on the behavior of the stock price of the company admitted to the stock exchange was investigated. In reviewing and compiling the subject literature, statistical tables and global databases were used to collect the required statistics and quantitative information. The statistical population of this research is all the economic variables of the research, which are the data of the research variables from 1370 to 1398 (a period of twenty-nine years). The results of the analyzes using the econometric methods of the TAR threshold self-return model, there is a significant relationship between the economic variables and the stock price index in the stock exchange, but in the regime of the behavior of the variables on the stock price index in the stock exchange. Is different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1207 - Estimation of Economic Growth Model in Selected Developing Countries: Generalized Method of Moments Approach
Monireh Pourali yadollah Rajaei Mohammad DalmanporAbstract One of the basic goals of any society is to achieve economic growth with less ‎fluctuations. In fact, achieving sustainable economic growth and economic stability is one of ‎the main goals of any country. If the existing economic base and the future pe MoreAbstract One of the basic goals of any society is to achieve economic growth with less ‎fluctuations. In fact, achieving sustainable economic growth and economic stability is one of ‎the main goals of any country. If the existing economic base and the future perspective ‎indicate economic stabilization, the path of long-term investment growth will be strengthened, ‎otherwise, the capital will be inclined to the service, trading and hoarding sectors, and in the ‎long term, it will reduce the economic growth rate. In this article, the effect of macro-‎economic indicators (international trade, human capital, physical capital, inflation and foreign ‎debt) and institutional indicators (combined index consisting of the components of voice and ‎accountability, political stability without violent, government effectiveness, regulatory ‎quality, rule of law and Corruption Control) and corruption control) on economic growth ‎were investigated and analyzed in 15 selected developing countries during the years 2006 to ‎‎2019 with the generalized method of moments (GMM). The regression results showed that, ‎among macroeconomic variables, inflation and foreign debts had a negative effect on ‎economic growth, but international trade, human capital and physical capital had a positive ‎effect on economic growth. The combined index of institutional factors also had a positive ‎effect on economic growth.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1208 - The Effects of Targeted Subsidies on Iindustry and Mine Sector (A Computable General Equilibrium Approach)
علی اکبر خسروی نژاد سجاد برخورداری زوار پرمهThis article seeks to analyze the effects of targeted energy subsidies on the industrial sector. For this purpose, the Computable General Equilibrium model was used.At the sector level, the combination of increases in energy prices, exchange rates and interest rates hav MoreThis article seeks to analyze the effects of targeted energy subsidies on the industrial sector. For this purpose, the Computable General Equilibrium model was used.At the sector level, the combination of increases in energy prices, exchange rates and interest rates have been a total of eight scenarios. In scenario increase in energy prices (4 scenarios) employment of labor in the mining and services sectors increased, but in agriculture and industry sectors is reduced. Production of industrial sectors, mining and services will increase in all four scenarios. In all four scenarios to reduce agricultural exports, but exports of industrial, mining and services increases. In scenario increase in energy prices and 81 percent increase in exchange rate, employment for services and mining sectors is increasing, but employment in the industrial and agriculture sectors decreases.Results show that increasing exchange rate with the increase in energy prices offset part of the negative effects of rising prices on exports and is also part of the negative effects of rising energy prices on production also compensates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1209 - ارزشگذاری اقتصادی سایتهای تفریحی با استفاده از رویکرد هزینه سفر انفرادی تکمنظوره؛ مطالعه موردی: سایت دربند تهران
رحمان خوش اخلاق سید وحید صفایی فرد بهناز ورشوساز -
Open Access Article
1210 - نقش توانمندسازی اقتصادی در راهبرد اقتصاد مقاومتی در کشورهای در حال توسعه
احمد جعفری صمیمی کورش اعظمی -
Open Access Article
1211 - The Interaction of the Government and Central Bank Behavior in a Leader-Follower Game despite of the Risk Premium
داود محمودی نیا اطهره زیدآبادیCoordination of monetary and fiscal policies is crucial for achieving economic growth in the context of price stability. Therefore, the monetary and fiscal authorities must have the necessary coordination and coordination in implementing their policies in order to achie MoreCoordination of monetary and fiscal policies is crucial for achieving economic growth in the context of price stability. Therefore, the monetary and fiscal authorities must have the necessary coordination and coordination in implementing their policies in order to achieve better results. On the other hand, the game theory is one of the concepts that has many applications in different sciences and fields. Game theory is of particular importance in economics, since it analyzes the interaction of individuals and their decisions. Thus, in the present study, the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies in the long run and its effect on macroeconomic variables are investigated according to a mathematical model. Accordingly, the interaction of monetary and fiscal policies are taken into consideration in the form of differential games with respect to the risk premium. On the other hand, the method of solving the game by Stackelberg game and the mathematical method is to solve the method of optimal control of Pontryagin's principle. In this regard, the results show that the interaction of monetary and fiscal authorities in the fiscal leadership creates better consequences in the society than the monetary leadership so that the fiscal leadership will decreases the government debts further and brings the debts closer to their desired level. On the other hand, if the policy makers consider the longer-term horizons for applying their policies and lead to the reduced risk premium, reduced target budget deficit and the real interest rates by proper policy-making, they can reduce the level of government debt and thereby the society will be in a better situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1212 - Productivity analysis using MalmQuist index in private insurance companies of Zanjan province
هما درودی بهجت آب چر الهام بیگدلیAbstract Promoting productivity leads to progress and development, and most developed and developing countries have made large investments to spread attitudes toward productivity and to generalize the use of techniques and methods to improve it. The present research is MoreAbstract Promoting productivity leads to progress and development, and most developed and developing countries have made large investments to spread attitudes toward productivity and to generalize the use of techniques and methods to improve it. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and library and non-interactive in terms of data collection. The statistical population studied in this study includes all private insurance companies in Zanjan province during the years 2015- 2017, which is a number of 23 companies and according to the nature of the research, sampling is not done and is a census method. The indicators used in this research are quantitative and the technique used is Malmquist productivity index and data envelopment analysis method. Based on the results of productivity measurement using a data envelopment analysis model based on MalmQuist index, in calculating the average efficiency of total technological changes in 2017 compared to 2015, it shows a growth of 3% in technological changes and total productivity. It has a growth rate of 51%. Also in the study of the effectiveness of technology changes in 2017 compared to 2015 has grown by 119 percent that the majority of units have positive technology changes, which increases the productivity of all factors in private insurance companies in Zanjan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1213 - Comparative Investigating of Stock Valuation Discount Models with Emphasizing on Type of Industry in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mehdi Arabsalehi Alireza Kamali DehkordiAbstract The purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy of models of discounting cash profits, discounting cash flows, residual profits and growth of abnormal profits in explaining the changes in the share prices of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchang MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy of models of discounting cash profits, discounting cash flows, residual profits and growth of abnormal profits in explaining the changes in the share prices of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1391 to 1398, considering the effect of the type of industry on the performance of these models. done. To carry out this research, the statistical sample, which included 105 companies, was divided into two groups: strategic industries and non-strategic industries. Then the aforementioned models were compared in relation to strategic industries and non-strategic industries. Also, the performance of each model was compared between strategic and non-strategic industries. The results of running the models and carrying out T-tests and variance analysis show that in strategic industries, the intrinsic values estimated by the models of discounting cash profits and discounting cash flows have the highest correlation with the stock market value. But in non-strategic industries, the intrinsic values estimated by any of the studied models had no significant correlation with the stock market value. On the other hand, the correlation coefficient of the intrinsic values estimated by all four models except the residual profit model with the stock market value was significantly higher in strategic industries than in non-strategic industries. The results show that in the Tehran Stock Exchange, profit cash items as well as cash flows are accepted more than other accounting information as criteria for buying and selling stocks. Also, the results of the research show that the profits and cash flows of companies active in strategic industries are more stable than in non-strategic industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1214 - بررسی عوامل موثر بر اشتغال زایی صنایع کوچک در استان گلستان
بیژن باصری نوریه روشنی یساقی -
Open Access Article
1215 - پیشبینی قیمت بنزین فوب خلیجفارس با استفاده از مدلهای ARIMA و ARFIMA
حمید آماده فرشید عفتی باران امین امینی -
Open Access Article
1216 - An Investigation of Risk Structure on the Agriculture Sector using the Optimizing of Combination paid loans to different economic Sectors in Iran’s Bank
اسعد اله رضایی نادر حکیمی پور احمد نریمانی منصوره یزدان خواهAbstract Like other financial institutions, banks optimize their resource allocation according to two main criteria risk and return. For this purpose paid loans to different economic activities and sectors can be considered as their portfolio and we can optimize them&n MoreAbstract Like other financial institutions, banks optimize their resource allocation according to two main criteria risk and return. For this purpose paid loans to different economic activities and sectors can be considered as their portfolio and we can optimize them according to each sectors risk. These sections include 8 general sections: industry and mining, commercial, services, housing, leasing, agriculture, currency and others. For this purpose, we will use the Markowitz model one of the most widely applied tools in stocks market. So In this study, in the theoretical framework of Markowitz model, the expected revenue – variance model was used to determine the optimal portfolio of the bank and its investigation of its function to clearly determine the optimum combination of banks investment in various sectors of economic. Finally, after comparing the actual weights of paid loans at each sections in 1392 and optimal weights in this year, a significant difference between them is evident. Accordingly the maximum gap and difference between the actual weights and optimal values among economic sectors related to agriculture sector with 134 percent difference. This number represents a this sector weakness in refunding the received loans from banks, so that more attention of the government and the central bank is needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1217 - The News Impact of Petrochemical Feedstock Prices Increase on Tehran Stock Market
سعید نایب منیژه هادی نژاد فرشته شمس صفاAbstract Capital market as a bridge between "individual and institutional savers" and "investors need funds" by doing the two important duty: "to finance long-term" and " risk management" play an important role in increasing the reliability and volume investment, espec MoreAbstract Capital market as a bridge between "individual and institutional savers" and "investors need funds" by doing the two important duty: "to finance long-term" and " risk management" play an important role in increasing the reliability and volume investment, especially in long-term economic activities. Petrochemical companies known as chemical industry; which is the largest market participants on the Tehran Stock Exchange; As the daily average trading value has been allocated 21% of the total value of daily trading in stock market at August 92. The petrochemical industry has created the added value with the sale of crude oil and gas; in addition to has created huge resources, by collecting small savings society have been a considerable share of the stock market trading. Petrochemical gas feed price increase is the subjects that experts and economic decision-making will be discussed along time ago in the media, that in the 93 budget approved by the Assembly were approved in 1392. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of feedstock price increases on Tehran stock market indices. In this study, time series data on a daily basis from the date of 01/07/91 to 30/07/93 have been analyzed the ARCH family models and Virtual variables. The results suggest that increasing the price of feedstock's approval before Tehran had a significant effect on stock market indices and the yield is influenced by a positive trend. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1218 - Pricing Unemployment Insurance in Iran
reza ofogi ramyar ebne abasAbstract Employees always concern about losing their job, or in other word, losing their income resources. For this purpose, governments require strong protection system for covering these concerns. The Unemployment Insurance (UI) program’s can be used for achiev MoreAbstract Employees always concern about losing their job, or in other word, losing their income resources. For this purpose, governments require strong protection system for covering these concerns. The Unemployment Insurance (UI) program’s can be used for achieving this goal. Based on article five of Iranian unemployment Insurance law, premium is four percent of employee’s salary while employer and government’s contribution is four percent and one percent, respectively. Hence, there are great concerns about the financial pressure on the government regarding implementing this law. In this paper, we price UI based on the insurance history of employee and the duration of being unemployed. We use the Weibull distribution for finding duration of unemployment, and finally equivalence principle applied for finding the fair UI premium rate. Our findings indicate that the UI rate is less than 4% which is lower than current UI rate in Iran which has been set by law. Consequently, government’s contribution can be eliminated which reduces concerns about providing required budget by the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1219 - Comparative analysis of the optimal level of production capacity of the top factory industries in Iran
Mehran Hafizi Birgani Alireza DagigiAsl Mohammad Qoli Yousefi Timour MohammadiAbstractThe main purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the optimal level of production capacity of the country's top factories. In this article, we compare five different industries that are leading industries in the field of production. These industries MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the optimal level of production capacity of the country's top factories. In this article, we compare five different industries that are leading industries in the field of production. These industries are: (chemical, base metals, petroleum products, gold and jewelry, stone), in order to determine the optimal level of production capacity in the top factory industries with the two-digit code ISIC.Rev.2 and ISIC.Rev.3 from The translog cost function was used. Production efficiency is the equivalence of scale traction or cost traction (inverse of scale traction) with one. To obtain the optimal level of production, first from the equation of scale elasticity or cost elasticity with one, a production level was obtained which naturally satisfies the first condition, then the second condition in production was obtained for research purposes. The results of comparative analysis of top industries showed that the production capacity in the chemical industry was the amount of optimal production capacity equal to 598647 million rials. The average real output value of each industrial enterprise in the chemical industry production sector is 57042.36 million rials per year, it seems that the production companies in this sector have produced more than their capacity. And have made the most of their optimal capacity. Capacity utilization here was estimated at 185%. The amount of optimal production capacity of petroleum products is equal to 34921.6 million rials. The average value of real output of each industrial enterprise in the production of petroleum products is 39821.51 million rials per year, it seems that the enterprises of this sector have used their capacity in a more efficient way. Capacity utilization was estimated at 164%. The actual production level of basic metals was 57421.2 million rials per year, which indicates the minimum point of minimization of the total average cost function. The average value of real output of each industrial enterprise in the production of basic metals is 61235.2 Rials per year. This indicates that companies in this group of industries in the country use about 33.7% of their nominal capacity. Which is much less than the optimal value is required. The nominal production capacity of the gold and jewelry industries is about 59%. Production capacity is increasing. The amount of optimal production capacity in this industry was equal to 57846.3 million Rials. The average value of the actual output of each industrial enterprise in the production of gold and jewelry industries is 65432.2 million Rials per year, it seems that manufacturing enterprises in this sector of their capacity They used it in a better way. Capacity utilization here was estimated at 174%. The nominal production capacity of the stone industry is about 41%. The amount of optimal production capacity in this industry was equal to 26741.4 million rials. The average value of real output of each industrial enterprise in the stone industry production sector is 31254.6 million rials per year, it seems that the manufacturing enterprises in this sector have not used their capacity in a more optimal way. Capacity utilization was estimated at 78% in the analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1220 - The relationship between the selected industries index of Iran Stock Exchange in a quantile time: Investigation of high, low and medium efficiency states (TVP-Quantile VAR approach)
Mehdi Shirafkan Lemso Hamidreza Izadi yaser sistani bandoeeAbstract Investors are always looking to analyze the relationship between different industries in order to improve investment portfolio management and risk management resulting from investment. Therefore, in the present study, The present risk spillover between the ind MoreAbstract Investors are always looking to analyze the relationship between different industries in order to improve investment portfolio management and risk management resulting from investment. Therefore, in the present study, The present risk spillover between the indicators of basic metals, automobiles, investments and banks in the period 21/08/1401-21/2018 has been investigated daily, using vector autoregressive model with variable parameters in quantile time (TVP-Quantile VAR). The results showed that the investment industry plays a major role in network analysis among the studied industries, which is more important in low and medium-sized returns. Also, based on the results, the effective and effectiveness of industries has varied according to the efficiency and also over time. Therefore, the use of approaches based on average observations cannot show the relationship between industries and assets. And depending on the efficiency of industries (limit and average conditions), the manner of effective and effectiveness as well as the causality of fluctuations can vary. This is not applicable in approaches based on average efficiency. Therefore, for better management of investment portfolio and hedging of investment portfolio risk If the limit and average conditions are analyzed, it can lead to better results for investors depending on the efficiency of industries regarding investment risk management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1221 - An Evaluation of Welfare Effects of Mechanization Policy in Sugar Beet Industry Production of Iran
رضا رحیمی سعید یزدانی امیر محمدی نژاد Abstract Mechanization to overcome technical limitations and time constraints of climate on the one hand, it is possible to increase agricultural production. The sugar beet is one of the industrial products, which plays an important role in meeting the More Abstract Mechanization to overcome technical limitations and time constraints of climate on the one hand, it is possible to increase agricultural production. The sugar beet is one of the industrial products, which plays an important role in meeting the needs of the domestic sugar. In this study, to investigate the welfare effects of mechanization policy beet, sugar beet supply and demand functions using seemingly unrelated equations approach and is estimated using panel data. The results showed that the degree of mechanization has been increased from 1370 to 1390. In the implementation of this policy Producers gain more Welfare than consumers. Therefore, according to the development of mechanization would stimulate backward and forward linkages to other economic sectors will lead to greater accuracy policymakers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1222 - بررسی ارتباط بین عرضه پول و گسترش شعب بانکی
میر حسین موسوی علی شهابی معصومه نعمت پور -
Open Access Article
1223 - تأثیر شوکهای پایه پولی بر بازده قیمتی سهام شرکتهای فعال بورسی (رویکرد DSGE)
میثم کاویانی پرویز سعیدی حسین دیده خانی سید فخر الدین فخر حسینی -
Open Access Article
1224 - Presenting a model for accepting new technologies and innovations in the field of renewable energy by Iranian consumers with an economic, financial and social approach based on the foundation's data theory
Fatemeh Shoghi Aghjeh Mashhad Alireza Farrokhbakht Foumani Ali Gholipour SoleimaniAbstractToday, issues related to energy and its role in the economic and financial development of societies have become a strategic and important category. The use of renewable energy that is available through the technology channel can optimize energy consumption and t MoreAbstractToday, issues related to energy and its role in the economic and financial development of societies have become a strategic and important category. The use of renewable energy that is available through the technology channel can optimize energy consumption and this is possible by accepting innovation and renewable technologies. For this reason, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of acceptance of technology and new innovations in the field of renewable energy by Iranian consumers with an economic, financial and social approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of method. 16 components and 50 indicators of the model were identified through library studies and open and semi-structured interviews with 14 experts in the field of renewable energy and experienced university professors and using the Grounded Theory method and open, axial and selective coding. Among the most important effective factors in the technology acceptance model are participation, technology, price, perceived benefit, financial conditions, and economic, social, and environmental consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1225 - The Effects of Targeted Subsidies on Iindustry and Mine Sector (A Computable General Equilibrium Approach)
مهرداد نعمتی سید علی اکبر طباطباییThis article seeks to analyze the effects of targeted energy subsidies on the industrial sector. For this purpose, the Computable General Equilibrium model was used.At the sector level, the combination of increases in energy prices, exchange rates and interest rates hav MoreThis article seeks to analyze the effects of targeted energy subsidies on the industrial sector. For this purpose, the Computable General Equilibrium model was used.At the sector level, the combination of increases in energy prices, exchange rates and interest rates have been a total of eight scenarios. In scenario increase in energy prices (4 scenarios) employment of labor in the mining and services sectors increased, but in agriculture and industry sectors is reduced. Production of industrial sectors, mining and services will increase in all four scenarios. In all four scenarios to reduce agricultural exports, but exports of industrial, mining and services increases. In scenario increase in energy prices and 81 percent increase in exchange rate, employment for services and mining sectors is increasing, but employment in the industrial and agriculture sectors decreases.Results show that increasing exchange rate with the increase in energy prices offset part of the negative effects of rising prices on exports and is also part of the negative effects of rising energy prices on production also compensates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1226 - The effect of insurance industry on economic growth in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries
فرزانه جهانی علی دهقانیAbstract In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the insurance expansion as a financial intermediary and economic growth in Iran and some selected MENA members countries i.e.Algeria,Bahrain,Turkey,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,Egypt,Morroco,Oman,Qatar,Sa MoreAbstract In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the insurance expansion as a financial intermediary and economic growth in Iran and some selected MENA members countries i.e.Algeria,Bahrain,Turkey,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,Egypt,Morroco,Oman,Qatar,SaudiArabia, Tunisia,UAE,Cyprus, Malta in "1997-2010". A descriptive analysis method has been used as the main approach. Using an econometric model based on deduction analysis and panel data model, a macro review has made on MENA countries financial markets variables as well as the position of insurance share in the capital markets and its relationship with the their economic growth rates. The results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between the aforementioned variables and the economic growth among the chosen countries during survey period. We recognize that the most effective variable on the economic growth is employment. One percent increase in employment index had a 0.34 percent increase in the economic growth. In addition, one percent increase in capital stock had a 0.08 percent increase in the economic growth. One percent increase in total premium had a 0.23 percent increase in the economic growth. Insurance had a positive effect on the economic growth on MENA member’s countries. The effect of insurance on economic growth has been considerable quantity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1227 - A comparative study of deep learning model with binary and multiple classification to predict stock market trends by detecting fractal patterns based on Elliott wave theory.
Masoud Nadem Yahya Kamyabi Esfandiar MalekianAbstract One of the popular but complicated methods in technical analysis is the Elliott wave method. In this method, the most important part is to recognize the main trend patterns of the market, which is a difficult task due to the fractal structure of the market. Bu MoreAbstract One of the popular but complicated methods in technical analysis is the Elliott wave method. In this method, the most important part is to recognize the main trend patterns of the market, which is a difficult task due to the fractal structure of the market. But like other fields, the use of artificial intelligence in the field of financial forecasts has also become widespread. Therefore, it seems that the use of artificial intelligence in Elliott wave analysis is attractive. Therefore, in the current research, by introducing a deep learning model to predict the market through the detection of Elliott wave patterns, it has been investigated and compared the power of the model in two modes of binary and multiple classification. In this research, for 15 considered patterns, 1002 examples of stock price charts of companies present in the Iranian stock market in the 11-year period from 1390 to 1400 were collected and labeled, and finally for recognition as input to the deep learning algorithm with Recurrent neural network model was used in binary and multiple classification modes. In this research, RapidMiner 9.9 software was used to design and implement the model, and accuracy criteria were used to determine the power of the model. The results show 18% accuracy in pattern recognition in multiple classification mode and 61% accuracy in binary classification mode. Therefore, the power of the deep learning model in detecting the fractal patterns of Elliott waves and as a result predicting the market trend is significantly higher in the binary classification mode than in the multiple classification mode. Therefore, the present study recommends the use of deep learning model with binary classification to detect fractal patterns of Elliott waves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1228 - برآورد ارزشهای گردشگری و حفاظتی میدان نقش جهان اصفهان (کاربرد روش ارزشگذاری مشروط)
مصطفی رجبی سیده نساء موسوی -
Open Access Article
1229 - Evaluating the effect of currency fluctuations on the performance of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange and measuring its time intervals.
Mohammad Javad Mohagheq Nia Ali Asghar Ziachi Mustafa Sargolzaei Vahid KhashaiAbstractThe performance of listed firms is affected by a variety of internal and external factors. In addition to exploiting the internal factors, the managers of these firms must be able to navigate the external environment in such a way as to achieve their intended go MoreAbstractThe performance of listed firms is affected by a variety of internal and external factors. In addition to exploiting the internal factors, the managers of these firms must be able to navigate the external environment in such a way as to achieve their intended goals. The present research investigates the impact of currency fluctuations as an environmental factor on the performance of the firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). This quasi-experimental research uses the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to evaluate the impact of currency fluctuations on firm performance and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to measure the effect of lags on this relationship. The results show that currency fluctuations significantly affect the performance of TSE-listed firms, but the strength and type of these effects vary across industries. Also, these effects occur with different time lags in various industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1230 - Developing a conceptual framework for the use of digital marketing in the capital market based on theories of planned behavior and technology acceptance Case study: stock brokerage companies in Tehran
Mostafa Hosseinzadeh Shadan Vahabzadeh Munshi Hamed Abbasi Nami Hormoz Mehrani Abolfazl ShahrabadiAbstractThis research aims to provide a conceptual framework to explain the implementation of digital marketing in the capital market for stock brokerage companies in Tehran and the factors affecting its formation. In this regard, a survey field study was conducted by d MoreAbstractThis research aims to provide a conceptual framework to explain the implementation of digital marketing in the capital market for stock brokerage companies in Tehran and the factors affecting its formation. In this regard, a survey field study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to a sample of 369 CEOs and vice presidents of brokerage companies. The questionnaire used included 9 dimensions and 38 items, which were distributed among the members of the statistical sample after ensuring reliability and validity.Partial least squares technique and SmartPLS software were used for data analysis. Based on the obtained results, perceived usefulness and perceived ease have a significant effect on the attitude towards digital marketing; Also, attitude, perceived risk, predictable regret, mental norms and behavioral control have a significant effect on the behavioral inclination towards digital marketing, and the latter has a positive and significant effect on the acceptance of digital marketing in the capital market The results of fitting showed that the model proposed in this research has good validity and fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1231 - The Effectiveness of Spread-Based Investments Strategies in the Tehran Stock Exchange: Content Analysis of Harmonic Oscillators and Wavelengths
سید محمدرضا داودی عبدالمجید عبدالباقی عطاآبادی جواد یوسفیAbstractTechnological analysis is one of the methods of market analysis in which stock prices and stock volumes are used to predict future price movements. Oversight is a function of the price and volume of transactions that often fluctuate between two values, and in Th MoreAbstractTechnological analysis is one of the methods of market analysis in which stock prices and stock volumes are used to predict future price movements. Oversight is a function of the price and volume of transactions that often fluctuate between two values, and in The case of buying and selling an asset is issued by signals. Time-based oscillators model the behavior of the price using the concept of wave and periodicity. The present study aims to evaluate the profitability of two oscillators based on time rotation, including simple harmonic oscillator and wave frequency oscillator in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2009 and 2018. The result of the study shows that the two trading strategies are nearly equal in terms of the Sharp ratio, and both are nearly four times as efficient as the Sharp market. Also, the wave-wave oscillator-based strategy has higher efficiency and variance than the simple harmonic oscillator-based strategy and therefore has a more risky situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1232 - The Impact of Credit Risk on the Banking System's Performance: (PANEL VAR Approach)
علی احمدی حسینعلی احمدی جشفقانی اصغر ابوالحسنی هستیانیIran's banking industry due to the lack of adequate development of capital markets and inefficiencies in the market long-term and short-term financing to undertake major economic activity. Accordingly, lending an important part of the financing operations of any bank a MoreIran's banking industry due to the lack of adequate development of capital markets and inefficiencies in the market long-term and short-term financing to undertake major economic activity. Accordingly, lending an important part of the financing operations of any bank account, but the probability of timely repayment of the loan and facilitates the credit risk in banks and inattention in this regard to adverse results in the performance of the banks, if the amount of risk in the public and private banks also have significant differences, it is also the impact of such risks on the performance of these banks will be different. Given the importance of this study is to evaluate the effect of credit risk on the banking system as well as comparison of public and private Y credit risk in banks during the period 1383-1392 has been discussed. In this regard, the operation panel data regression methods were used. The results showed jolts to the size of a standard deviation leads the credit risk of bank liquidity, return on assets and profitability of banks will be reduced. Based on the results, the long-term role in determining the profitability of banks is credit risk, but liquidity and efficiency in the long run significantly affected Ha bank assets with credit risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1233 - Financial Deepening Influences on Misery Index (Panel Data Approach)
پروانه سلاطین کاملیا قلمزن نیکو نیلوفر غفاری صومعهAbstract Inflation imposes welfare costs through reduction of value of financial assets and it damages production by creating uncertainty in institutions’ decision for investment and imposing other costs. Inflation, in fact, leads to non-optimal resource allocati MoreAbstract Inflation imposes welfare costs through reduction of value of financial assets and it damages production by creating uncertainty in institutions’ decision for investment and imposing other costs. Inflation, in fact, leads to non-optimal resource allocation, economic inefficiency, and disarray in the social, cultural, and political condition of the society. Unemployment, like inflation, causes disarray in the society. Unemployed people appear as parasites in the society and play no part in production and social services. Moreover, unemployment causes people to be trapped in issues such as crime, addiction and moral corruption which leads to the disruption of the society’s cultural texture. Inflation and unemployment are two major social issues. The harmful effects of these two social issues are such that the “Misery Index” is often calculated as the sum of inflation and unemployment rates. In this regard, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of financial markets on the misery index in a group of selected countries with average income in the 2003-2014 period. Results from model estimation by the method of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) show that: The trade volume to transaction volume ratio in a stock market (as an indicator of the capital market) has no effect on the misery index in the group of selected countries. Domestic credit to private sector by banks (as an indicator of the money market) has a negative and meaningful effect on misery index in the group of selected countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1234 - تأثیر عوامل مؤثر بر جذب سرمایهگذاری مستقیم خارجی با تأکید بر متغیرهای نهادی و ساختاری
غلامرضا گرایی نژاد علیرضا دقیقی اصلی آذین سادات استاد رمضان -
Open Access Article
1235 - ارزیابی هزینه رفاهی ناشی از اثرات افزایش نرخ ارز و قیمت حاملهای انرژی بر هزینههای رفاهی مصرف کننده در ایران
محمد شریف کریمی قدرت اله امام وردی مجتبی کریمی -
Open Access Article
1236 - A Survey of economic shocks Influences on the energy growth rate efficiency (case study: OPEC countries Oil Revenues During 2000-2011)
مهدی پدرام مهدی بصیرت مریم امیریAbstract Productivity, especially energy productivity, and its improvement is an inevitable requirement in each country. In this study, the effects of changes in energy prices, net investment and the share of value added on the growth rate of energy productivity is dis MoreAbstract Productivity, especially energy productivity, and its improvement is an inevitable requirement in each country. In this study, the effects of changes in energy prices, net investment and the share of value added on the growth rate of energy productivity is discussed. As well as, by using Solow–Swan growth model, the energy productivity convergence in the period 2000-2011 in a selection of OPEC countries is examined. For the data analysis, panel data is used. Based on results, factors affecting the growth rate of energy productivity used in the research have significant effect on the growth rate of energy productivity. In addition, we found that those countries with a lower induced consumption, they have higher growth rate in the long-term consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1237 - بررسی تاثیر متغیرهای کلان اقتصادی بر تعرفه در ایران
مسعود نونژاد سرور اژدری سیدمجتبی حسین زاده یوسف آباد -
Open Access Article
1238 - Investigating factors affecting the optimal growth of government spending in the economy Using the optimal control method
Mohsen Zayandeh Roudi Syed Abdul Majeed Jalai Isfandabadi Mehdi FatemiAbstract Determining the size of the government and its effect on the economy is one of the important issues in the field of public sector economics. This research seeks to determine the factors affecting the optimal growth rate of government expenditures. The increase MoreAbstract Determining the size of the government and its effect on the economy is one of the important issues in the field of public sector economics. This research seeks to determine the factors affecting the optimal growth rate of government expenditures. The increase in government spending has an effect on economic variables and can lead to an increase in the production and supply of public goods and services and affects the well-being of households as well as the desirability of households. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the optimal growth of government spending in Iran's economy. The information used is for the period 1360 to 1397. In this study, the dynamic optimal control approach has been used to investigate the factors affecting the growth of government expenditures. The results of the study show that the time preference rate, the coefficient of technical progress, the elasticity of production in relation to the investment of the private and public sectors, the consumption ratio of the sector Private to public, capital stock has had a negative and inverse effect on the optimal growth of government spending in the economy. On the other hand, the ratio of public sector investment to private sector, the elasticity of substitution between time and capital depreciation rate have had a positive effect on the optimal growth rate of government spending in Iran's economy. Also, the sensitivity of the growth rate of government expenditures was estimated for different values of the mentioned variables. The calculation results show that depending on the parameters, the ratio of government expenditures to the previous period varies between 0.91 and 1.024 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1239 - The Influence of Military Spending on External Debt in IRAN
صاحبه محمدیان منصور ابوالقاسم گل خندان Abstract The main objective of this study is to investigate the co-integration and causality between military spending and external debt during the period of 1988-2012. To the accurate deliberation of this main used the Zivot - Andrews (1992) unit root test wit More Abstract The main objective of this study is to investigate the co-integration and causality between military spending and external debt during the period of 1988-2012. To the accurate deliberation of this main used the Zivot - Andrews (1992) unit root test with structural breaks based on the three approaches, autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL), Johansson (1990) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). Demonstrate co-integration in upon three approaches have been done by using Pesaran's et al bonds (2001), trace and maximum eigenvalue and Saikkonen and Lutkepohl (2000) co-integration tests. The estimated long-term and short-term coefficients and reviews of direction causality have done based on error correction model (ECM). The results indicate a low positive effect of military expenditure on external debt in short-term and long-term. In addition, there is one-way causality from military spending to external debt in short-term and long-term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1240 - The Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on the Economic Growth Due to Financial Markets Deepening in Some Selected OPEC Countries
مهدی بصیرت آرزو نصیر پور علیرضا جرجرزاده Abstract Fluctuations in the real exchange rate, including factors that could affect macroeconomic performance and especially economic growth. It can be said that a factor in the analysis of the relationship between exchange rate volatility and economic growth More Abstract Fluctuations in the real exchange rate, including factors that could affect macroeconomic performance and especially economic growth. It can be said that a factor in the analysis of the relationship between exchange rate volatility and economic growth has received little attention is the development level of countries’ financial markets. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on economic growth considering rate of development of financial markets in selected Member Countries of OPEC over the period 1981-2010. The effects of inflation on economic growth have been studied as well. The results obtained by analyzing of panel data show that the effect of financial development on economic growth and the mutual effect of exchange rate fluctuations and financial development on economic growth is positive, but statistically view are not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1241 - Factors Affecting the Internationalization of Banks
Mozhdeh Nilchian Mohammad Reza KabaranzadGhadim Jalal HaghighatMonfared Jamshid EdalatianShahriyariAbstractBanks, as the main sources of liquidity for manufacturing and service enterprises, have a very important role in the economic growth and development of a country. In addition, the existence of competitive markets increases the importance of this issue. One way t MoreAbstractBanks, as the main sources of liquidity for manufacturing and service enterprises, have a very important role in the economic growth and development of a country. In addition, the existence of competitive markets increases the importance of this issue. One way to gain competitive advantage, is internationalization, which many banks around the world have taken this step. The internationalization of banks is not a new phenomenon. Throughout the history of banking, internationalization has always been tied to banking. Today, banking services have become so diverse that many banks prefer to remove the old banking terms from their advertising programs and emphasize on the more prominent role of financial services firms _innovative, dynamic and customer-oriented service . The purpose of this article is to explain the factors affecting the internationalization of banks. The method of this research is theme analysis. In this regard, the study of theoretical literature has been used as a source of research. In order to complete and confirm the obtained themes, interviews with experts and then a comparative study have been conducted. Finally, 12 categories and 59 themes were extracted from the studied sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1242 - Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Tehran city.
seyed Mohamad Taghi Hosseinikia Vahid Reza MirabiAbstractPurpose: The main purpose of the research is to Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Te MoreAbstractPurpose: The main purpose of the research is to Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Tehran city..Research method: 10 variables. A behavior was identified through the Delphi group. The research is descriptive-survey in terms of method, practical in terms of purpose, the method of collecting data in the field through a questionnaire with a Likert scale and validity and reliability has been confirmed. The statistical sample size was determined to be 384 people.Findings: After analyzing the data, all the hypotheses were confirmed and in the following order, they had the greatest impact on women's purchase decisions: self-deceiving behavior styles (1) successful people (2). herd behavior (3), aura effect (4), sophistry of gamblers (5), gap (6), idealism (7), realism (8), anchoring (9), projection (10) ).Conclusion: The results show that the decisions made based on behavioral variables have more satisfaction and cognitive inconsistency, mental conflict and psychological tension after purchase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1243 - The Effect of Electronic Banking on Return on Equity for Selected Banks in Tehran Stock Exchange
سید شمس الدین حسینی حمید فرامرزی عبادElectronic banking is a result of entering information and communication technology in the field of banking that led to reduced bank’s and costumer's costs. Use of electronic banking instruments such as automated teller machine (ATM) and point of sales (POS) has r MoreElectronic banking is a result of entering information and communication technology in the field of banking that led to reduced bank’s and costumer's costs. Use of electronic banking instruments such as automated teller machine (ATM) and point of sales (POS) has released delivery of banking services from the liabilities of time and location and affect the profitability of banks. This study has investigated the effect of electronic banking expansion on return on equity (ROE) in eight banks in the Tehran Stock Exchange included four private banks (Eghtesad novin, Parsian, Pasargad, Sina) and for state-owned banks that has been transferred their shares to the Stock Exchange (Saderat, Mellat, Tejarat, Post bank); in period of 1385-1393. Based on Generalized Least Square (GLS) approach and panel data method we found a significant positive effects between ROE and independent variables such as ATM/Branch, SPOS, HHI and GDP . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1244 - Calculation of financial condition index by principal component analysis method in Iran
Zahra Haeri Nasab Kiomars Sohaili Shahram FattahiAbstract In the last few years, the financial condition index has been an important indicator to determine the situation of each country. The Financial Conditions Index can be defined as the current state of the variables that affect the future state of the economy. Th MoreAbstract In the last few years, the financial condition index has been an important indicator to determine the situation of each country. The Financial Conditions Index can be defined as the current state of the variables that affect the future state of the economy. The Financial Conditions Index is a summary index of financial variables that is effective in predicting the economic situation of a country. Financial conditions in any country are one of the most important issues in the economy. The purpose of this article is to determine and calculate the financial condition index for Iran using the basic component analysis method and time series data from 1990-2020. The results of calculating the financial condition index show that the credit channel has more weight than other channels and this shows the importance of the volume of credit in estimating the country's financial condition index during this period in the research. After that, the asset channel, ie the stock price index and the housing index, have the most weight. Among these, the exchange rate and interest rate channels have the lowest weight. Therefore, the central bank can adopt a forward-looking approach in monetary policy, so that by changing its retrospective approach in monetary policy decisions, it can show the most correct reaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1245 - آثار سرریز ناشی از گسترش صنایع در استان تهران بر استانهای همجوار ( رویکرد جدول داده – ستانده بین منطقهای)
منیژه دشتبان فیروز توفیق بهروز هادی زنوز کامبیز پیکار جو -
Open Access Article
1246 - بررسی تأثیر نرخ ارز واقعی بر صادرات غیر نفتی ایران
سعید دایی کریم زاده قدرت اله امام وردی افسانه شایسته -
Open Access Article
1247 - Explaining customer engagement to createing value in the banking industry of Iran based on perceived value
سید محمد کامل حسینی صمد عالیAbstract For many of today’s financial institutions, focusing on advantage-creating elements is undoubtedly a lever to extend Customer engagement value. In this complicated environment, the customer is seen as an external asset for the organization and considerin MoreAbstract For many of today’s financial institutions, focusing on advantage-creating elements is undoubtedly a lever to extend Customer engagement value. In this complicated environment, the customer is seen as an external asset for the organization and considering the value-creating mechanisms for the customer can have positive ramifications for companies and institutions working in the field of financial businesses. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to answer this question: How can we develop customer engagement in creating value for the banking industry by creating value for the customer. For this purpose, Customers of Kowsar Financial and Credit Institute in Tehran province were selected as the statistical population and 976 customers participated in the research by completing the questionnaire. Sampling method was used to select statistical sample. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling technique and AMOS 23 software. The results of the research showed that Perceived functional and social value have a direct effect on all three dimensions of customer engagement value (Customer Lifetime, Customer Influence Value, Customer Knowledge Value), but the effect of perceived emotional value on any aspect of the value of customer engagement was not approved. The results of this study confirm the impact of perceived value (Perceived functional and social value) on customer engagement value Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1248 - The Impact of Growth, Tangibility of Assets, Open Economy and Economic Indexes on Performance Efficiency Banks
زهرا پورزمانی کاظم قاسمیAbstract Banks through the provision of banking services to customers, earn it. So, as banks will be able to use economies of scale to gain more profit. One of the most important source of information for investors, creditors, and other users, the benefits pr MoreAbstract Banks through the provision of banking services to customers, earn it. So, as banks will be able to use economies of scale to gain more profit. One of the most important source of information for investors, creditors, and other users, the benefits provided by the organization is in regular intervals. The forecast profit organizations is also of considerable importance. Because macroeconomic indicators, including indicators of economic openness on the financial performance and profitability are known to be effective, according to the above description, to examine the impact of asset growth and objectivity, openness and Iranian inflation on the profitability of banks during 1383 to 1392 will be discussed. In terms of purpose, the type of applied research and the method of deduction in the group of cross-correlation, because to explore the relationships between variables, regression and correlation techniques which will be used in this way, the argument inductive.Also, since the test data available, we will conclude this research group theory will be positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1249 - The role of stock market shocks on macroeconomic variables in the form of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model
Yazdan Gudarzi Farahani Babak Esmaili Morvarid Khajeh Vahid Mahboubi MatinAbstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of stock market shock on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the time period 1990-2021 with seasonal frequency MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of stock market shock on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the time period 1990-2021 with seasonal frequency has been used. Modern financial systems usually include financing from the financial assets market in addition to financing the banking sector. The interaction between the stock market and aggregate activity has received much attention in the past decade. In this regard, traditionally, the stock price usually affects the stock market as the discounted current value of the expected stock profits. In this framework, stock prices are influenced by both production (through profits and dividends) and interest rates (through the rate at which future dividends are discounted). In this study, the capital market shock has an effect on the economy through the channel of consumption expenditures of households and investment expenditures of companies. The direct effects of stock price fluctuations on total spending have made the stock capital market known as a leading indicator in the economy. The obtained results indicated that the reaction of macroeconomic variables to the demand shock was more intense than the shock from the supply side, and only the variables of tax revenues and bank facilities showed a negative reaction to the demand shock in the conditions of the supply shock. Also, the amount of employment has shown a positive reaction in response to the shock on the supply and demand side in the capital market Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1250 - Designing an entrepreneurial model based on enablers for Iran
Dawod Mukhtarpour Fardin ShurajAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design an entrepreneurial empowerment model in Iran. In this study, a combined method (qualitative and quantitative) was used. The statistical sample of the study included 33 entrepreneurship experts, 110 micro and macro business MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design an entrepreneurial empowerment model in Iran. In this study, a combined method (qualitative and quantitative) was used. The statistical sample of the study included 33 entrepreneurship experts, 110 micro and macro business managers and 163 entrepreneurship students. The tools of this research were Delphi questionnaires, interpretive structural modeling and entrepreneurial performance. Validation of questionnaires using expert opinion and validity using factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaires was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Delphi method and interpretive structural modeling were used to identify entrepreneurial enablers and to examine the relationship between them, and structural equation modeling method was used to test research hypotheses. According to the results, a total of 9 empowerment (cultural factors, economic factors, information, political factors, contextual factors, structural factors, institutional factors, personality and individual characteristics, and the use of the global community) and 52 identifications. Were. The final results of ISM showed that the underlying factors and the benefit of globalization are at level 1 and the cultural factors are at level 6. Also, the results of sub-hypotheses showed that all entrepreneurial enablers affect entrepreneurial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1251 - Predicting Emotional Tendency of Investors Using financial ratios based on principal component analysis method
Reza Taghavi iman dadashi Mohammad Javad Zare Bahnamiri Hamid Reza Gholamnia RoshanAbstractOne of the proven topics in psychology is the influence of people's emotion's on the decision-making process and their judgment about future events. In such a way that when people have positive emotions, they make optimistic choices and when they have negative e MoreAbstractOne of the proven topics in psychology is the influence of people's emotion's on the decision-making process and their judgment about future events. In such a way that when people have positive emotions, they make optimistic choices and when they have negative emotions, they make pessimistic choices. Therefore, the emotional tendencies of investors indicate the margin of optimism and pessimism of shareholders towards a share. The purpose of this study is to use financial ratios to predict the emotional tendencies of investor's. To answer the research questions, data related to 97 financial ratios belonging to companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2006 and 2018 have been used. In order to derive effective financial ratios, the neighborhood component analysis algorithm method was used, which ultimately led to the selection of 7 ratios. To measure the emotional tendencies of investor's, four indicators of relative strength, psychological line, trading volume and stock turnover adjustment rate have been applied. Finally, we have combined these indicators with the help of PCA method. The results showed that the ratios of percentage changes in sales changes, net profit to assets and the ratio of inventory changes to sales changes have a positive and significant effect on investor's feelings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1252 - Investigating the effects of types of cash flow and controlling shareholders on the relationship between profit management and financial performance to predict financial bankruptcy (firefly algorithm)
Gurban Heki Behrouz Sadeghi Amroabadi Seyyed Mohammad Reza DavodiAbstract Companies need sufficient resources to continue operating, including sufficient cash to pay lenders. If the company does not have enough ability to acquire resources to meet its needs, it will suffer financial helplessness. When faced with financial helplessne MoreAbstract Companies need sufficient resources to continue operating, including sufficient cash to pay lenders. If the company does not have enough ability to acquire resources to meet its needs, it will suffer financial helplessness. When faced with financial helplessness, companies manipulate accounting profit as one of the performance evaluation items. In this situation, the management manages the profit by manipulating the accounts, the purpose of which is to give good information and news to the capital market, in order to prevent the decrease of the company's value. If the accounts are manipulated, the existence philosophy of the financial statements will be damaged and their reliability will be lost. Therefore, in the present research, the effects of cash flow types and controlling shareholders on the relationship between profit management and financial performance have been analyzed in order to predict financial bankruptcy in Tehran stock exchange companies. For this purpose, the data of 128 selected companies during the period of 1390 to 1398 have been used. Data analysis was done in two parts; In the first part, using the panel data regression method, the effect of cash flow types and controlling shareholders on the relationship between profit management and financial performance of companies has been estimated. The results of this part showed that the profit management variable had positive effects and the performance variables, controlling shareholders, capital cash flows, equity cash flows and free operating cash flows had a negative effect on the bankruptcy criteria of companies; In addition, it was observed that the types of cash flows examined in this research had a moderating effect on the relationship between profit management and corporate bankruptcy. Next, in the second part of the analysis, based on the coefficients obtained in the previous part and using the firefly algorithm, it is discussed. The results of this part also showed that the percentage of success of the firefly algorithm in predicting the bankruptcy of companies was equal to 98.12%. Based on this, it is suggested that policies based on control and preservation of various cash flows and the use of controlling shareholders be used to reduce the possibility of bankruptcy of companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1253 - Utilization of Mixed Data Sampling model in Identifying the Effects of Monthly Exchange Rate Changes on Seasonal GDP of Iran
Roja Tilik Abbas Najafizadeh S. Fakhredin Fakhr Hosseini Ahmad SarlakAbstract The present study intends to use the Mixed Data Sampling model (MIDAS) to investigate the effect of exchange rate changes on the variable of real production in Iran during the period 1397:1 to1380:4 that Provides implement a flexibility model whit& MoreAbstract The present study intends to use the Mixed Data Sampling model (MIDAS) to investigate the effect of exchange rate changes on the variable of real production in Iran during the period 1397:1 to1380:4 that Provides implement a flexibility model whit high descriptive power, including variables of varying frequency (eg daily, weekly and monthly) together in a regression. The results of this study show that the MIDAS model is statistically strong in identifying the asymmetric dynamic effects of the independent variable with higher freuency (exchange rate changes) on the dependent variable with lower frequency (GDP) compared to the same frequency model of these variables and shows asymmetry better.Also, based on the obtained results, the intensity of the impact of the momentum and the persistence of each momentum are different, so that the negative momentum of the exchange rate has more intense and lasting effects on Iran's GDP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1254 - The Influence of working capital management on Profitability of Companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
امید فرمان آرا میثم عارف نژاد محبوبه جعفریAbstract Economic enterprises are effectively participating in economic sphere. Two indicators of liquidity power and profitability financially determine this effectiveness. The so-called profitability is the sign of the firm's health and the power of liquidity is the MoreAbstract Economic enterprises are effectively participating in economic sphere. Two indicators of liquidity power and profitability financially determine this effectiveness. The so-called profitability is the sign of the firm's health and the power of liquidity is the survival sign of the economic enterprise. In other words, if a company is not profitable, then it's sick, but if there is no liquidity, its survival is in danger. While, both of these factors are important, but liquidity has a higher level of importance. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between financial leverage and working capital management and its impact on profitability and performance indicator of listed companies in Iran’s capital market. The statistical sample has been selected by using the available systematic elimination method that has been studied from 2010 to 2014. Research hypotheses were examined by using the linear regression, and regression results among the study sample showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the combination of working capital and the economic value added of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, and this relationship will be reversed by the mediator impact of financial leverage; but this relationship was not observed among companies operating in Iran’s OTC market. The results also showed that the working capital combination does not have a significant impact on the variables of financial leverage and the ratio of return on equity in companies active in Tehran stock exchange organization and Iran's OTC market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1255 - The Impact of Health Costs on Income Inequality in Selected Members Countries of Islamic Cooperation Organization
Mohammad Ameli Abolfazl Ghiasvand Manijeh HadinejadAbstract Today, one of the challenges facing health systems is the ever-increasing increase in its costs. This study investigates the relationship between health costs and income inequality. Income inequality has been investigated using four Gini coefficients and, in a MoreAbstract Today, one of the challenges facing health systems is the ever-increasing increase in its costs. This study investigates the relationship between health costs and income inequality. Income inequality has been investigated using four Gini coefficients and, in a quantile, approach using annual panel data from 2000 to 2022 in selected middle-income member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the empirical results show that the effect of health costs on inequality The income in the countries that are part of the top 10 percent of the income level in this group is much higher than the countries that are in the lowest income level. The effect of life expectancy, death rate and population on income inequality is also opposite; That is, the countries that are in the highest category in terms of income level, the effect of these variables on income inequality is much greater than the countries that are in the lower income categories. Also, due to the effect of population structure on income inequality, it is necessary to seriously consider it in the design and formulation of policies in the field of health, hygiene and population structure. Health, treatment and quality of life improvement policies to increase life expectancy and decrease mortality rate, policies to increase investment (reduction of consumption, promotion of security, economic development of exports, etc.) should be pursued to reduce income inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1256 - واکنش شرکتهای فعال بورسی به تغییرات پولی و ارزی ( مطالعه موردی صنعت پتروشیمی)
بیژن باصری غلامرضا عباسی محمدرضا مرکباتی -
Open Access Article
1257 - Structural analysis approach in modeling the ranking of auditing firms
Farrokh Bostani Roya Darabi Farzaneh HeydarpourAbstractFinancial statements provide much of the information needed by a company's investors and creditors. Based on such a level of financial trust, the role of auditors is crucial. Auditing financial statements is essential because audited financial statements can ens MoreAbstractFinancial statements provide much of the information needed by a company's investors and creditors. Based on such a level of financial trust, the role of auditors is crucial. Auditing financial statements is essential because audited financial statements can ensure that investors and creditors are provided with reliable and reliable information. The purpose of this study is to model the ranking of auditing firms using the structure analysis approach. For this purpose, 307 members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants were used to complete the questionnaire. Was approved and in the second stage, 24 indicators were tested at the level of all certified public accountants working in auditing firms, members of the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants. And ranked. Based on the obtained results, the values of t-statistic for all second-order factor loads are above 1.96; Therefore, it can be said with 95% confidence that all the studied dimensions have a significant effect on the ranking of auditing firms. Thus, according to the path coefficients, economic factors have the most impact and factors of organizational structure of auditing firms have the least impact on the ranking of auditing firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1258 - The Effect of Institutional Ownership Horizon on Social Responsibility and Stock Value of Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
فاطمه صراف مجتبی کریمی فاطمه بشارت پورAbstract Institutional investors with a significant shareholding in corporate stocks have a lot of influence in investable companies and can influence the practices of managers. The internal functioning of social responsibility and institutional ownership can lead to i MoreAbstract Institutional investors with a significant shareholding in corporate stocks have a lot of influence in investable companies and can influence the practices of managers. The internal functioning of social responsibility and institutional ownership can lead to improved corporate position, increased efficiency, profitability, value and long-term survival of companies. By disclosing social responsibility, companies can obtain the material and non-material support of institutional investors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of institutional ownership horizon on social responsibility and stock value of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2010. Findings show that the long-term institutional ownership horizon has a positive and significant effect on corporate social responsibility and stock value. The results also show that the horizon of short-term institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on social responsibility and stock value of companies. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the type of institutional owners in better investment with less risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1259 - Assessing the effectiveness of investors' judgments on the readability of disclosure of the company's financial statements
Seyyed Zahra Mousavi Ahmad Kaabomeir Saeed NasiriAbstract The readability of disclosure of financial reports in Iran is considered one of the relatively new issues that has not been addressed much and its impact on the financial and operational variables of companies as well as investors and decision makers has not b MoreAbstract The readability of disclosure of financial reports in Iran is considered one of the relatively new issues that has not been addressed much and its impact on the financial and operational variables of companies as well as investors and decision makers has not been measured and evaluated. Therefore, the present study has evaluated the effectiveness of investors' judgments on the readability of the disclosure of the company's financial reports. In terms of the purpose, this research is considered one of the applied researches, and in terms of the method, the research is based on correlation analysis. To collect the data of this research, 120 active investors in the stock exchange were selected and data were collected with the help of a scenario. The results showed that when the company's financial reports have low readability of disclosure, the sensitivity of investors' evaluation judgments is affected and increases, but when the readability of disclosure is low, the psychological processing of investors will not be affected. In addition, it was found that when the company's financial reports have low disclosure readability, the intensity and efficiency of the search for external information by investors increases, but the amount of investors' reliance on external information does not change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1260 - A framework for identifying the drivers affecting the future of the banking industry with emphasis on the role of financial technology
Behzad Moumivand Reza Gholami Jamkarani Mohammad Hasan Maleki Hossein JahangirniaAbstract In the present era, the development of digital currencies, open banking and digital banking has remarkably transformed the banking services market. Financial technology is one of the areas that will fundamentally change banking and its services.Fintechs with n MoreAbstract In the present era, the development of digital currencies, open banking and digital banking has remarkably transformed the banking services market. Financial technology is one of the areas that will fundamentally change banking and its services.Fintechs with new financial innovations create new business models, applications, processes and new products that have a significant impact on financial markets and the financial services industry. The present study seeks to identify the effective drivers on banking by emphasizing the role of financial technology. The present study is applied in terms of orientation and is a mixed research in terms of methodology. In this study, two methods of qualitative (meta-synthesis) and quantitative (best-worst fuzzy) were used to analyze the data. Therefore, the research has pragmatic philosophical foundations. The key driversis one of the factors that shape and influence the future of a given subject. In the first step, effective drivers were extracted using systematic literature review. The 17 research drivers were then prioritized using the fuzzy BWM technique and obtaining expert opinions. The statistical population of the present study is the managers and experts of the banking sector, fintechs and fintech startups in the country, 15 of whom were selected using judgmental sampling method. Finally, the drivers of integration and homogeneity of laws and standards for the development of financial technology activities, the growth of banking startups, changing the demands of new generations in banking services and the performance of technology parks and incubators in accelerating the entry of innovation into the business environmenthad the highest priority.Then the practical suggestions of the research based on the most important drivers were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1261 - Designing a process model of social-ethical responsibilities in audit institutions (qualitative approach: foundational data theory)
Mahmoud Malekipour Gharbi Hasan Ghodrati Hossein Jabari Hossein Panahian Ali Akbar Farzin FarAbstract The present research has been done with the aim of providing a process model of social-ethical responsibilities in auditing institutions. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of survey-exploratory approach and qualitative research. The st MoreAbstract The present research has been done with the aim of providing a process model of social-ethical responsibilities in auditing institutions. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of survey-exploratory approach and qualitative research. The statistical population of this research was a group of experts including professors and researchers who are experts in the field of auditing, managers and partners of auditing institutions, and compilers of accounting and auditing standards and principles, who were interviewed in depth. Selection of experts and conducting interviews with them continued until theoretical saturation was reached and then it was stopped. In this research, the snowball sampling method was used and this process continued until the theoretical saturation of the researcher was reached. Finally, this method was an interview with 11 experts. In this research, since the foundational data theory method was used, the main tool for data collection was an in-depth and unstructured interview with experts. Finally, after three open, central and selective codings, the research conceptual model was designed. In this model, 14 identified categories were categorized in the form of causal, central, contextual and environmental, intervening, strategic and consequential variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1262 - The mechanism of effect of economic factors on the volume of bank deposits in Iran's banking system (The test of money endogeneity versus money externality)
Mohammad Reza FaleNasiri Ramin Khochiani Hamid Esaish Seyed Hossein Sajjadi FarAbstractThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the mechanism of the effect of economic factors on the volume of bank deposits in the banking system of Iran. For this purpose, firstly, the test of endogeneity versus exogenity of money was tested by examining MoreAbstractThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the mechanism of the effect of economic factors on the volume of bank deposits in the banking system of Iran. For this purpose, firstly, the test of endogeneity versus exogenity of money was tested by examining the two views of conformists and structuralists, and then the effect of economic factors on the volume of bank deposits in the banking system of Iran with the threshold approach (STAR) and based on the quarterly data of 1379- 1397 was estimated. The results of the system generalized torques model show the confirmation of the conformist and structuralist views for Iran's economy, but the degree of money endogeneity in Iran is not complete, so the role of the central bank is important both through the monetary base and the increasing coefficient on the money supply. Also, the estimation of the results of the model (STAR) shows; The variables of exchange rate fluctuations and inflation rate, global financial crises have a negative effect and the variables of oil price, liquidity, bank deposit interest rate and bank facilities have a positive effect on the total volume of bank deposits. According to the results; One of the challenges that exists in the banking network of Iran is the government management of banks, therefore, monetary policies are a source of financing and a source of rent, so it is suggested to increase the liquidity of banks and direct it to the real sector of the economy, laws to reduce interference Government in private and public banks, to improve the competitive and banking atmosphere of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1263 - شناسایی مکانیزیم اثرگذاری مدیریت هموارسازی سود بر هزینه بدهی مالی در شرکتهای بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
ناصر سیف الهی -
Open Access Article
1264 - Modeling and Estimating the return of Tehran Stock Exchange using dynamic models
Zhila Rostami Shahram Fattahi Kiomars SohailiAbstractSince the creation of the stock market in the nineteenth century, many researchers have focused on research into stock price forecasting models and market returns. Statistical prediction models such as Arma, Arima, Arch, have been widely used but none of them ha MoreAbstractSince the creation of the stock market in the nineteenth century, many researchers have focused on research into stock price forecasting models and market returns. Statistical prediction models such as Arma, Arima, Arch, have been widely used but none of them have had the desired result. Therefore, many researchers have recently considered the stock market as a nonlinear dynamic system. The application of nonlinear models as well as advanced techniques, although not many years have begun, but in a short time has been able to open its place in various sciences. The purpose of this study is to predict the stock index using the dynamic model averaging DMA and also the method of the dynamic model selective DMS and the use of quarterly data for the years 1380-1399. The main advantage of the model used in the present study is the introduction of a large number of independent variables for its dynamics without the usual problem of overfitting appearing in the model. In this paper, the effect of some macroeconomic variables on the process of modeling and forecasting stock returns on the stock exchange was investigated. The results of the article showed that the probability of entering the variables of money supply growth, quasi-money growth, inflation, land price index growth in large cities is more than other input variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1265 - Asymmetric oil price shocks, tax revenues, resource curses, stock markets and trading cycles in oil-exporting economies
Hamidreza Modiri Marjan DamankeshideAbstract The present study uses the PVAR model to investigate the impact of asymmetric oil price shock, tax revenues, resource curse, stock market and business cycles in oil exporting economies during the period 2000-2019. According to the estimation results; the respo MoreAbstract The present study uses the PVAR model to investigate the impact of asymmetric oil price shock, tax revenues, resource curse, stock market and business cycles in oil exporting economies during the period 2000-2019. According to the estimation results; the response of the output gap to the shock of oil prices and exchange rates is a downward trend for up to 3 periods, after which it rises and in the long run this shock is gradually adjusted, but the problem that exists and the response of the output gap to liquidity also show this. is. Revenues from oil sales and foreign exchange earnings are not well managed in oil-rich countries, and the amount of liquidity injected into the market is spent on imports, which are generally done to combat inflation. In this case, many production sectors will be seriously damaged and will be taken out of the production cycle, and therefore part of the investments made in the economy will be unused and the amount of production will decrease, and on the other hand, when foreign exchange earnings decrease, the amount of imports. It has been reduced that part of the decrease in imports will be directed to capital goods and production machinery, leading to a decrease in investment and an increase in the production gap. Sectors that were taken out of production as a result of massive imports of consumer goods during the period of increasing oil revenues will not be revived in this period, which requires more attention of the country's officials to macroeconomic indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1266 - Investigating the Impact of Investment on Value Added of Tourism Industry in the Framework of Regional Economy: A Case Study of Khorasan Razavi Province
Hadi Rafi Darani Mahsa Bahrami Nesab Javad Brati Fatemeh RahmaniAbstract Today, the tourism industry is one of the main and stable foundations of the world economy, which can affect other economic and cultural activities by creating the maximum amount of added value. The tourism industry in Khorasan Razavi province can plan and use MoreAbstract Today, the tourism industry is one of the main and stable foundations of the world economy, which can affect other economic and cultural activities by creating the maximum amount of added value. The tourism industry in Khorasan Razavi province can plan and use the province's domestic and foreign investment to develop this sector, grow production, create added value, and increase employment and income sources in the region. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of added value created by the main tourism activities of the province (each of the 12 tourism sectors). Another purpose is to analyze the effect of increasing investment on the value-added of the tourism industry. For these purposes, the updated input-output table of Khorasan-Razavi province (2018) has been used. The results were analyzed by considering two scenarios (proportional investment in all economic sectors of the tourism industry together, and investment in each economic sector of the tourism industry separately). The results showed that if investment in all sectors of tourism, increases by 100 billion rials simultaneously -in total equivalent to 1200 billion rials- (as analytical scenarios), 851718 million rials will be added to the value-added of province's economic activities; Of this amount, 95.5% of value-added creation is directly related to the 12 sectors of the tourism industry. The most direct effect of investment in value creation is related to the wholesale and retail sector, the arts, entertainment, recreation sector and Travel agency services sector, respectively. Also, if investment increases by 100 billion rials in each of the tourism sectors separately, maximum direct value-added creation, results from the "arts, entertainment, recreation" sector. The most important suggestions of this study were, Investing in forming groups and institutions in the province to produce, promote and starting various artistic, recreational and sports activities, investing in designing travel packages on specific topics in the field of travel agency services and providing accommodation services based on travellers' tastes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1267 - The Effect of Economic Complexity on Income Inequality in Selected Developing Countries; Dynamic Panel Approach
علی حسنوند محمد شریف کریمی علی فلاحتی آزاد خانزادیAbstract Economic complexity is a concept that shows the ability of countries to produce complex goods and use knowledge in the production process by improving the productive structure. The economic complexity of the knowledge channel leads to the saving of resources a MoreAbstract Economic complexity is a concept that shows the ability of countries to produce complex goods and use knowledge in the production process by improving the productive structure. The economic complexity of the knowledge channel leads to the saving of resources and the improvement of the quality of productive institutions and the formation of productive production structures that diversify goods and save on production costs and earn more income and affect income distribution and welfare. Brings with it social. Given the importance of income distribution in the economy, this study uses the approach of economic complexity and dynamic Generalized Method of Moments, method to investigate the effect of economic complexity on income inequality in a selection of developing countries during the period 1995-2020. According to the results, with increasing economic complexity in developing countries, income distribution has become more unfair. The imbalance of income distribution in these countries is due to the concentration of assets, capital and production activities in the hands of a particular group, as well as the existence of cultural, social, gender, etc. inequalities and rents created as a result of this inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1268 - Investigating the Causal Nexus Between Economic Growth, Banking Sector Development, Capital Markets Development and Macroeconomic Variables in Iran
Zarir Negintaji Hassan GolmoradiAdinevand MortezaAli SadeghinejadAbstractOne of the most important issues of economics is investigating the factors affecting economic growth and their impact. Some theorists believe that the development of the financial sector, including the development of the banking sector and the capital market, al MoreAbstractOne of the most important issues of economics is investigating the factors affecting economic growth and their impact. Some theorists believe that the development of the financial sector, including the development of the banking sector and the capital market, along with macroeconomic factors can provide the necessary basis for increasing economic growth. Indeed, there is a serious argument that a weakened financial system are trapped in a vicious circle where low levels of financial development will lead to poor economic performance and poor economic performance will lead to lower financial development.This study examines the relationship between economic growth, banking sector development, capital market development and some important macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, first the combined indicators of banking sector development and capital market development based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method are applied and then using vector autoregressive model and the Granger causalities test, Causal nexus between variables for time series data of Iranin economic between 1363-1397 Is examined.The results of this study show that there is a mutual Causal nexus between economic growth and financial development both in terms of banking sector development and capital market development, so financial development in terms of both banking sector development and market development Capital have reciprocal relation with economic growth. The causality between the development of the banking sector and the capital market is also two-sided and this suggests the importance of integrated financial sector development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1269 - Analyzing the Household Mental Budgeting Behavior Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior
Mohammad NazaripourAbstractMental budgeting is one of the topics in the field of behavioral economics and emphasizes the psychological aspects of financial accounting. Mental budgeting can play an important role in personal financial management. The purpose of this study is to investigate MoreAbstractMental budgeting is one of the topics in the field of behavioral economics and emphasizes the psychological aspects of financial accounting. Mental budgeting can play an important role in personal financial management. The purpose of this study is to investigate the household mental budgeting behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. This research is descriptive-survey based on the method of doing and in terms of target, is functional. The population of this study was households of Kurdistan province who were selected by convenience sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. In order to evaluate the construct validity (including convergent and discriminant validity) and the reliability of the research instrument (composite reliability and average variance extracted) and to estimate the research measurement model from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis through SPSS software version 26 and AMOS version 24 has been used. Structural equation modeling has been used to test the hypotheses. Exploratory factor analysis led to the discovery of five factors (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, mental budgeting intention, and mental budgeting behavior) of the 21 components studied. Together, these five factors were able to explain 63% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the number of factors and factor loadings of variables. All five research hypotheses were confirmed. The degree to which mental budgeting intention are influenced by other variables in order of importance were: attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. In addition, demographic variables such as gender, age, education, marriage, employment, income and work experience are also considered as moderating variables in the results analysis. For example, the status of variables such as attitudes, subjective norms, and mental budgeting behavior varied among different ages. The result of this study showed that mental budgeting can lead to the development and strengthening of household financial behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1270 - ارزیابی ، علل و پیامدهای عمده بحران اقتصادی در ایران
محسن رضایی -
Open Access Article
1271 - Investigating the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries, using the simple panel transfer regression (PSTR) approach.
Mohammad Bagheri Ahmad Naghilu Mohammad DalmanpourAbstractThe main purpose of this research is the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries. This study is of a causal nature in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection and descriptive informa MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this research is the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries. This study is of a causal nature in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection and descriptive information. The methodology is post-event. In this research, an attempt was made; By explaining the theory and designing a model to investigate the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries, with an emphasis on various indicators of financial development: the soft panel transfer regression (PSTR) approach was investigated. The geographical area of research of Islamic Conference member countries (Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Iran, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Tunisia, Chad, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, South African Sahara, Iraq, Oman, Gambia, Qatar, Malaysia) , Mali, Morocco, Egypt and Nigeria) and the time domain of the research is between 2005 and 2019. Using MATLAB software, the data was analyzed through the soft panel transition regression (PSTR) approach, and the results of the analyzes show that There is a non-linear relationship between the stock index and the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1272 - Providing a model of sustainability reporting with the foundation data theory approach in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Reza Mahmoudi Ghodrat Allah Talebnia Hamidreza Vakilifard Faegh Ahmadi Khosrow Moradi ShahdadiAbstract The purpose of this research was to present a model of sustainability reporting with the foundational data theory approach in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is applied in terms of purpose, exploratory in terms of data, and found MoreAbstract The purpose of this research was to present a model of sustainability reporting with the foundational data theory approach in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is applied in terms of purpose, exploratory in terms of data, and foundational data in terms of implementation method. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 12 experts by snowball sampling and in the quantitative section 2184 managers and experts, of which 317 were selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a questionnaire in the quantitative part. The causal results of the qualitative section include 5 components of environmental requirements, environmental incentives, environmental pressures, cultural, social and political characteristics of the country and the characteristics of the international environment, the contextual results of the qualitative section include 4 components of the characteristics of the company environment, economic characteristics of the country, financial incentives and accounting environment and The country's finance, the intervention results of the qualitative sector including 6 components of the company's structural characteristics, corporate governance characteristics, competition in the industry, the behavioral characteristics of managers and performance characteristics, the results of the qualitative sector strategies including 6 components of the establishment of the internal control system, training on the category of sustainability, specifying the institution responsible for sustainability , developing principles and standards of sustainability, strengthening and using new technologies and forming a sustainability committee in companies and the results of the consequences of the qualitative sector including 5 components of environmental protection for future generations, increasing social trust, quality of financial reporting, quality of financial reporting, improvement of quality of life Humans and the growth of the capital market. In the quantitative section, the highest rank was related to background conditions and the lowest to intervention conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1273 - Providing and analysis of green financing model of companies through the banking industry in establishing a sustainable environment
عباسعلی شیخ پرویز سعیدی ابراهیم عباسی آرش نادریانAbstract Environmental protection and sustainable environmental development are important concerns of human societies and the main unquestionable. Banks, considering the environmental risks in financing companies, play an essential role in protecting the environment an MoreAbstract Environmental protection and sustainable environmental development are important concerns of human societies and the main unquestionable. Banks, considering the environmental risks in financing companies, play an essential role in protecting the environment and moving towards a green economy. As one of the dimensions of green banking, green financing is an innovative financial instrument that tries to improve the environmental balance with the industries' development and economic growth. The present research aimed to design and analyze the financing model of companies through the Iranian banking industry in establishing a sustainable environment, which has a three-step approach. First, by interviewing 16 experts and encode, 77 components in the form of 21 categories were identified based on Grounded data theory, and the model related to design and hypotheses were identified. And next, the structural equation modeling method was used to evaluate the model-fitting and hypotheses test, which showed the significant results of the measuring and structural models, the optimal model fitting, and hypotheses confirmation. Then, by using the interpretive structural modeling method, the components of green financing were prioritized, in this stage, 20 components with the highest frequency of code were entered, and finally, the priority of the components was recognized in 6 levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1274 - Presenting the Forecasting Model of Bitcoin Return Using the hybrid Method of Deep Learning - Signal Decomposition Algorithm (CEEMD-DL)
sakineh sayyadi nezhad Ali Esmaeil Zadeh Mohammad Reza RostamiAbstract With the increasing popularity and widespread use of cryptocurrencies, the creation and development of methods for predicting price movements in this field has attracted a lot of attention. In between, recent developments in deep learning (DL) models with stru MoreAbstract With the increasing popularity and widespread use of cryptocurrencies, the creation and development of methods for predicting price movements in this field has attracted a lot of attention. In between, recent developments in deep learning (DL) models with structures such as long-short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) have made improvements in the analysis of this type of data. Another approach that can be effective in the analysis of cryptocurrencies time series is the decomposition through algorithms such as complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD). Considering the importance of forecasting in the cryptocurrencies field, in this research, by combining deep learning models and complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), The hybrid CEEMD-DL(LSTM) model has been used to forecast the bitcoin return (as the most popular currency). In this regard, the daily data of the total index of the Tehran Stock Exchange was used in the period of 2013/01/01 – 2022/05/28 and the results obtained were compared with the results of competing models based on efficiency measurement criteria. Based on the obtained results, the use of the introduced model (CEEMD-DL(LSTM)) has increased the efficiency and accuracy of bitcoin return forecasting. Accordingly, the use of this model in this field is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1275 - Organizational factors and Human Resources characteristics’ impact on warning reporting in auditing profession: A study in auditing institutions in Iran on
Soheila Soheila Mohammadion Mohsen Hamidian MohamadReza YeganegiAbstract The main focus of this research is to investigate and explain the role of organizational factors and human resources characteristics in the warning report of auditors of auditing institutions in Iran. The statistical population of the research includes auditor MoreAbstract The main focus of this research is to investigate and explain the role of organizational factors and human resources characteristics in the warning report of auditors of auditing institutions in Iran. The statistical population of the research includes auditors working in audit institutions, members of the public accountants' society and audit organization. Data related to the characteristics of human resources and the variables of organizational factors have been collected using standard questionnaires. Due to the complex nature of standard questionnaires used, a multi-level structural equation model is used to analyze the collected data. The first and second levels of the model are used to confirm the validity and reliability of the research variables. The third level of the model, which explains the relationship between research variables, has been used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the research showed that the free-spirited leadership style is an important organizational factor promoting the warning report in the audit profession in Iran's official audit institutions. Also, managing age in human resource leads to the improvement of transparency of reporting and, in turn, prompts timely warning reporting among auditors in accordance with principles, procedures and legal criteria as a voluntary act. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1276 - Studying the Impact of Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Industries on the Growth of Industrial Value Added in Iran’s Economy
Hediha setayesh Abbas Memaranjad Kambyz Hejbarkiani Taghi TorabiAbstractThis paper attempts to explain the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economy and to highlight their main facing challenges, in particular the “financial challenge". The present paper seeks to analyze the impact of small and medium-siz MoreAbstractThis paper attempts to explain the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economy and to highlight their main facing challenges, in particular the “financial challenge". The present paper seeks to analyze the impact of small and medium-sized industries on the growth of industrial value added in Iran’s economy for 22 ISIC codes during the period of 2005-2014.The main findings of this study indicate that the growth of value added of small and medium-sized industries has a significant positive effect on the growth of value added of industries with ten employees and more; the growth of innovation level in small and medium-sized industries may have a significant positive effect on the growth of value added of this group of industries, and the growth of openness of Iranian economy can affect the growth of value added of industries with ten employees and more, positively; but it has a negative effect on the growth of value added of small and medium-sized industries. Furthermore, it is suggested that in order to boost and facilitate the economic activities of small and medium sized enterprises, several issues should be considered including“promoting the non-bank financing methods”, “providing effective support for innovative projects”, “implementing industrial export development programs”, and “providing industrial advisory services, in particular financial advisory services”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1277 - Price Bubble and the Effect of Economic Variables on the Exchange Rate in the Iranian Financial Market Using ARIMA and TAR Methods
Yagoob Zahedi Nader Rezaei Vadoud NajjariAbstract Many financial crises follow the bursting of the financial asset bubble, and it is important to examine the bubble behavior in these markets and make an early diagnosis to prevent adverse economic consequences; Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to MoreAbstract Many financial crises follow the bursting of the financial asset bubble, and it is important to examine the bubble behavior in these markets and make an early diagnosis to prevent adverse economic consequences; Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four economic and financial variables including GDP, auto index and parts of stock exchange indices, inflation rate and oil income on the exchange rate by quasi-experimental studies with two statistical models ARIMA and model The return itself is the TAR threshold. Considering that previous studies in this field, which have mostly dealt with the formation and explosion of bubbles, and in this field, studies have not been done or are limited; Therefore, in this study, first, data were collected quarterly in the time yield of spring 2011 to spring 1400 and were analyzed by descriptive statistics and econometrics. The results of ARIMA model analysis show that an increase in the exchange rate unit in a past period will lead to an increase of 1.94 exchange rates in the current period. The results of TAR model analysis show that there is a nonlinear relationship between the variables studied in the study and two thresholds for GDP (2130- and 15460) were estimated, indicating different effects of GDP, inflation rate, car index and parts. One of the indicators of the stock exchange and oil income in the regime is high, medium and low (threshold level of 2130-15460) on the exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1278 - Designing and Testing the City Branding Model (Case Study: Guilan Province)
shahram shahabi Narges Delafrooz Ali Gholipour Soleymani Mohammad TaleghaniAbstractUrban branding is a strategy that gives the city an unforgettable identity and is a tool that can deliver the city's core value quickly. The present study designs and tests the urban brand creation model (Case study: Preser and Bandar Anzali cities of Guilan pro MoreAbstractUrban branding is a strategy that gives the city an unforgettable identity and is a tool that can deliver the city's core value quickly. The present study designs and tests the urban brand creation model (Case study: Preser and Bandar Anzali cities of Guilan province). The findings and results of the qualitative and quantitative data analysis are presented in two parts. The first part deals with the qualitative findings and the second part deals with the quantitative results. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research includes urban managers, cultural and tourism heritage managers, environmental managers, tourism activists, academic elites in the field of urban brand creation and 15 samples were completed. Statistical population includes urban, tourism and cultural heritage managers as well as people or people visiting the prestigious cities of Bandar Anzali using Morgan table and sample size of 384 people. The qualitative findings of the study include causal factors, main phenomena or categories, confounding factors, strategy, contextual factors, and outcomes. The quantitative findings of the final research model showed that all factor loads were statistically significant, welfare services ranked first and tourism attractions ranked last. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1279 - The Effect of Financial Development and Its Size on Economic Growth with a Nonlinear Approach in Iran
Sedigeh Dodangeh Seyyed Shamsuddin Hosseini Farhad GhaffariAbstractWhile it is economically well established that the financial sector is interrelated, empirical estimates of the growth of these textual results are generally presented. On the other hand, it will be different for several time series assessments at different leve MoreAbstractWhile it is economically well established that the financial sector is interrelated, empirical estimates of the growth of these textual results are generally presented. On the other hand, it will be different for several time series assessments at different levels of economic growth and in terms of time requirements, so it seems that estimating linear models to examine macro-relationships is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the development and size of the financial sector in the Iranian economy with economic growth in the years 1350-1399 using the non-linear regression method of Astana. The results show that there are three different regimes for the effect of changes in financial sector size and financial development on economic growth. In economic growth rates, only financial differences affect economic growth. This effect in the second regime, ie between the economic growth rates of 0 to 8.6%, is weak but positive and significant, and in the economic growth rate above 8%, both financial size and financial development have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1280 - بررسی اثر راهبری شرکتی و ریسک شهرت بر رابطه بین حداقلسازی هزینه مالیات و واکنش قیمت سهام
علی اسماعیل زاده مهدی اسکافی اصل فرزاد ناظمی -
Open Access Article
1281 - The Impact of Foreign Exchange Reserve Management Dynamics and the Structure of Central Bank Interventions on Foreign Exchange Market Stabilization Using Gerton and Roper Theory
هادی محبوبی هوشنگ مومنی وصالیان مرجان دامن کشیده شهریار نصابیانAbstract The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of the dynamics of foreign exchange reserves management and the structure of central bank interventions on the stabilization of the foreign exchange market using Gerton and Roper theory. For this purpose, fir MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of the dynamics of foreign exchange reserves management and the structure of central bank interventions on the stabilization of the foreign exchange market using Gerton and Roper theory. For this purpose, first the central bank intervention index was calculated with the foreign exchange market pressure approach and then the intervention function of the intervention policy with the threshold approach (STAR) was estimated based on the annual data of 1365-1398. The results of estimating the linear part of the model show that the variables of foreign exchange market pressure index and budget deficit have a negative effect on the real exchange rate in Iran. Meanwhile, the results of estimating the nonlinear part of the model indicate the positive effect of the growth rate of foreign exchange earnings from oil sales, net exports, consumer price index and fiscal policy index on the real exchange rate in Iran. This indicates that as the growth rate of foreign exchange earnings from oil sales increases, the amount of foreign exchange resources of the country (nominal exchange rate) increases. With the increase of the country's foreign exchange resources, the real value of the domestic currency increases and this is a factor in reducing the real exchange rate and worsening the country's export situation. In fact, in Iran, due to high inflation, governments have always tried to keep the exchange rate low to prevent price increases. The result of this type of intervention has been the inflexibility of the nominal exchange rate in response to economic changes and developments, which can be a factor in reducing the real exchange rate in recent decades in Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1282 - Ranking of Environmental Problems and Obstacles in the Field of Domestic Goods Marketing Management with a Resistance Economy Approach Using the AHP Method
arghavan yarahmadi Mohammad Reza Jaber AnsariAbstract The current research has ranked environmental problems and obstacles in the field of domestic goods marketing management with a resistance economy approach. Among the statistical population of the research, 10 managers of electrical household appliances compan MoreAbstract The current research has ranked environmental problems and obstacles in the field of domestic goods marketing management with a resistance economy approach. Among the statistical population of the research, 10 managers of electrical household appliances company were selected by theoretical saturation method. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. Examining the results showed that in the structural-political dimension, priority is given to the indicator of failure to reduce dependence on oil. For the structural-economic dimension, the highest priority is with the index of fighting against economic corruptors and economic corruptions, for the structural-social dimension, the highest priority is with the tax payment index, for the structural-technological dimension, the highest priority is with the index of the change in the direction of the economy based on resources to an economy based on innovation. In the social-behavioral dimension, the highest priority is given to the index of consumption of domestic products in devices, for the behavioral-technological dimension, the highest priority is given to the indicator of the development of infrastructure required for the empowerment of the workforce, in the contextual-economic dimension, the highest priority is given to the index of creating a competitive environment in the production sector and Distribution is in some product groups. For the contextual-social dimension, the most priority is with the index of strengthening public trust between the government and the people in economic policies, and for the contextual-technological dimension, the most priority is with the index of the use of new technologies in the automobile industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1283 - Data mining of Iranian stock market by modeling complex network filtering based on MST
Hadi Esmaeilpour MoghadamAbstract One of the most important problems in modern finance is finding efficient ways to summarize and visualize stock market data. Modeling the filtering of complex networks in the stock market allows this to be achieved by reducing the market size, obtaining reliab MoreAbstract One of the most important problems in modern finance is finding efficient ways to summarize and visualize stock market data. Modeling the filtering of complex networks in the stock market allows this to be achieved by reducing the market size, obtaining reliable information with less disturbance. Since stock price changes are not independent of each other, the study of the correlation between stock price changes provides a better understanding of market performance for investors. Stock market analysis based on complex networks allows studying the correlation of stock prices. In this paper, using the stock market data in the Tehran Stock Exchange, the Iranian stock market network is created by the threshold method, and then the network filtering is based on MST. The results show that the filtration modeling of Iran's stock market network based on the MST can form a subset of the stock market that follows the performance of the entire market with a significant reduction in size and has a similar degree of diversification with the entire market. These analyzes provide a more in-depth insight into the structure of the stock market while reducing the size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1284 - Investigating the effect of central bank intervention on the profitability of commercial banks in the country: a mild transfer regression approach
Azam Sadat Atyabi Alireza DagigiASL Gholamreza GaryenjadAbstract In the present study, in the first stage, the central bank's policy intervention index and foreign exchange market pressure were calculated, and then, using gentle transfer regression (STR), the effect of central bank intervention on the profitability of the c MoreAbstract In the present study, in the first stage, the central bank's policy intervention index and foreign exchange market pressure were calculated, and then, using gentle transfer regression (STR), the effect of central bank intervention on the profitability of the country's commercial banks was investigated. According to the model results; In 24 of the 30 years surveyed, the country's economy has faced increasing pressure from the foreign exchange market. In other words, between 1370 and 1399, the central bank's intervention activities eliminated an average of 24% of the foreign exchange market pressure. Also, the results of STR model estimation show the positive effect of economic growth rate variable on bank profitability and the negative effects of central bank intervention, stock return rate, credit risk, inflation rate and interest rate on the profitability of commercial banks. The negative coefficient of the central bank intervention index can indicate that the central bank, in the face of increasing positive deviations in the exchange rate, is pursuing a decline in the growth of its foreign reserves. In other words, with a further increase in the supply of foreign exchange in the market, its value decreases and the exchange rate return to its long-term path. On the other hand, if there is a negative deviation in the exchange rate of the central bank, by increasing the volume of foreign reserves and reducing the supply in the foreign exchange market, it can increase this rate and approach its long-term path, which is in line with existing theories. This is the context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1285 - Nonlinear Effects of Financial Integration and Inflation on Labor Productivity in Selected Developing Countries: The Markov Switching Approach
Laleh Tabaghchi Akbari Mahmoud Babazadeh Ghasem Sameei Tahereh TaherehAkhundzadehYousefiAbstractOne of the most tangible and effective areas of productivity, which the process of transformation at it, can have a significant impact on this very important indicator, is process of financial integration. Financial integration by integrating financial economies MoreAbstractOne of the most tangible and effective areas of productivity, which the process of transformation at it, can have a significant impact on this very important indicator, is process of financial integration. Financial integration by integrating financial economies and relying more on market system and liberalization in its various dimensions can provide the basis for improving the productivity components. On the other hand, examining the impact of inflation on changes in growth rate of labor productivity is subject, which much attention in recent decades. Undoubtedly determination these effects can be helpful in adopting productivity policies. In this study, we investigate the nonlinear effects of financial integration and inflation on labor productivity in 15 selected developing countries at 2006 to 2019 with using of Markov Switching econometric technique. The results indicate that financial integration in both regimes, has a positive effect on labor productivity, but the intensity of this index impact is not very significant. There is also a Significant negative relationship about the effects of inflation on both regimes. Regarding the control variables, the business environment in first regime, has a negative effect and in second regime, it has a positive effect on labor productivity. Regarding the Institutional Factors Index, in the first regime has a positive relationship and in second regime has a negative relationship. Therefore, the need for new reform in these two areas is essential. So, it is necessary to make sustainable and cohesive planning to improve and development of financial integration indicators and also, control inflation in these societies, until from this way, to provide the grounds for promotion of labor productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1286 - Provide a framework for financial reporting of banks in Iran with an Islamic banking approach
Morteza Darvishi Reza Nazari Bahman Banimahd Mehdi MoradzadehfardAbstractObjective: The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for financial reporting of banks ‎in Iran according to the characteristics of the banking system.‎Methods: in this research, the qualitative research method and the approach based on ‎Gro MoreAbstractObjective: The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for financial reporting of banks ‎in Iran according to the characteristics of the banking system.‎Methods: in this research, the qualitative research method and the approach based on ‎Grounded theory have been used. First, by obtaining the opinions of accounting and auditing ‎experts, related managers in the Auditing Organization, the factors affecting the quality of ‎reporting in the Iranian banking system are examined. Finally, a model including causal ‎conditions, intervening factors and context, as well as strategies related to quality, reporting ‎and its consequences are presented.‎Results: According to the results of the research, reforming the operating structure of the ‎banking system, reforming the supervisory structure of the central bank, training staff, creating ‎new Islamic tools, applying sharia supervision, amending the law on interest-free banking, ‎creating monetary policy tools in accordance with Sharia and implementing jurisprudential ‎criteria as the most important Background variables and habit, different theories of jurists, ‎speculation, formalities of activities, legal weaknesses, weakness in religious supervision, costly ‎ness, the category of usury, the separation of the realm of religious issues with scientific issues ‎and the conflict between theories of Islamic economics and conventional economic theories. ‎Were identified as the most important inhibitory variables.‎Conclusion: the implementation of financial reporting of banks in Iran with the approach of ‎Islamic banking, leads to justice, proper distribution of wealth, performance improvement, job ‎security, compliance with Sharia, proper structure of the banking system, sustainable economic ‎development and finally Islamic ethics.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1287 - Presenting a Comprehensive Model for Measuring the Liquidity Risk of Banks Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (Case Study: Mellat Bank)
Toraj Azari Mojtaba Tastori Reza Tehrani AbstractLack of liquidity management of banks is one of the most important risks for any bank and lack of attention to liquidity risk leads to irreparable consequences. Preventing liquidity risk requires a comprehensive measurement method but liquidity risk is com More AbstractLack of liquidity management of banks is one of the most important risks for any bank and lack of attention to liquidity risk leads to irreparable consequences. Preventing liquidity risk requires a comprehensive measurement method but liquidity risk is complicated issue, and this complexity makes it difficult to provide a proper definition. In addition, defining liquidity risk determinants and formulation of the related objective function to measurement its value is a difficult task. To address these problems and assess liquidity risk and its key factors, in this study we propose a model that uses artificial neural networks and Bayesian networks. Design and implementation of this model includes several algorithms and experiments to validate the model. In this paper, we have used Levenberg-Marquardt and Genetic optimization algorithms to teach artificial neural networks. We have also implemented a case study in Bank Mellat to demonstrate the feasibility, efficiency, accuracy and flexibility of the research liquidity risk measurement model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1288 - Designing and explaining the indigenous model of empowerment in business-oriented non-governmental organizations
Norouz Hajibabaei Ali Akbar RezaeAbstract Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as community-oriented structures with the aim of benefiting the people of the society and by creating business spaces by the government and removing the obstacles that existed before, are developing their activities in the MoreAbstract Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as community-oriented structures with the aim of benefiting the people of the society and by creating business spaces by the government and removing the obstacles that existed before, are developing their activities in the field of commercial and economic activities. The aim of the present study was to provide a local model of empowering non-governmental organizations with emphasis on key business factors. In order to conduct this research, the researcher used a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative).in the qualitative part based on the data method of the research paradigm model including causal conditions (management and macro-organizational factors, social and support factors, marketing and information); contextual conditions (society-oriented areas, business-oriented areas); Intervening conditions (intra-organizational factors, extra-organizational factors, electronic empowerment of employees, electronic platform); and strategies (commercial development of cements, media actions, support, fundamentals); It was identified and classified. In the quantitative part, through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the indicators of the obtained categories were tested and the factor loadings of all indicators were estimated, which showed the approval of those indicators and categories. . Also, the researcher, based on the outputs of the qualitative section and the EFA test, designed assumptions (8 hypotheses) and measured the claimed relationships through the structural equation test in the Smart PLS software.In the end, based on path coefficients (beta) and significance coefficients (Z), all the claimed hypotheses were confirmed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1289 - Tail Risk and Excess Stock Returns: Evidence of Momentum and Idiosyncratic Risk Anomalies
Mostafa Ramezani Sharif Abadi Saeid Aliahmadi Mehdi AghabeikzadehAbstract Capital market anomalies are caused by factors that have not been considered in capital asset pricing models. One of the arguments for explaining anomalies is the theory of extreme value. According to the theory of extreme value, tail risk is an adverse event MoreAbstract Capital market anomalies are caused by factors that have not been considered in capital asset pricing models. One of the arguments for explaining anomalies is the theory of extreme value. According to the theory of extreme value, tail risk is an adverse event that can have a negative impact on excess stock returns. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of combining momentum anomalies and idiosyncratic risk with tail risk on excess stock returns. In the present study, two criteria of cumulative tail risk and combined covariance tail risk have been used to calculate tail risk. The sampling method in this study is systematic elimination and the time period of the research years from 2007 to 2019 has been selected. The number of sample companies includes 136 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and the 5-factor regression of Fama and French was used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that the combination of idiosyncratic risk portfolio and tail risk has a positive and significant effect on excess stock returns. Therefore, by combining this portfolio, investors can gain returns in the Iranian capital market. Also, the results showed that the combination of momentum portfolio and tail risk does not lead to excess stock returns. In general, the results showed that tail risk can be used to explain the existence of idiosyncratic risk anomalies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1290 - Developing Green Banking Model Based on Innovation Management Components for Sustainable Competitive Advantage
فاطمه حجاران رضا رادفر علی دیواندری داوود فداییAbstract By promoting a sustainable environment and investing in social responsibility,the banking industry can provide sustainable development and benefit from it. The purpose of this study is to provide a green banking model based on innovation management to gain sus MoreAbstract By promoting a sustainable environment and investing in social responsibility,the banking industry can provide sustainable development and benefit from it. The purpose of this study is to provide a green banking model based on innovation management to gain sustainable competitive advantage in this industry. In this research, based on the effective components of the Green Banking Model (Hajjaran et al.,1397),a green banking model was presented and six standard questionnaires were used to assess the fit of the model and confirm the five-dimensional hypothesis of the research.Using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. The analyzes were performed on the data obtained from 310 questionnaires by a random sample from senior managers, middle managers and employees of the innovation,information technology sector of the selected banking industry. After implementing the model, the results show that increasing the component of innovation management will increase the amount of sustainable competitive advantage. Increasing the variable of innovation management as well as increasing green banking has increased the competitive advantage of sustainability. Also, increasing the green bank rules and regulations by increasing the green bank variable has increased the competitive advantage of the bank. Increasing the amount of Green Bank component and mediating senior management's environmental concerns maximizes sustainable competitive advantage and increasing innovation management and increasing environmental concerns of senior management will increase the sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1291 - The impact of auditor's social and human capital on audit services
Zahra Houshmand Neghabi arzhang shahbazi Fahimeh Abas Abadi arabiAbstract The present study examines the impact of auditor social and human capital on audit services. This research is descriptive in nature and method and in terms of purpose, it is an applied research and since in the present study the current status of variables has MoreAbstract The present study examines the impact of auditor social and human capital on audit services. This research is descriptive in nature and method and in terms of purpose, it is an applied research and since in the present study the current status of variables has been analyzed using past information through past information, it is in the category of descriptive studies. And post-event type is included. In the course of this research, two hypotheses were formulated and 112 Firms were selected through sampling by systematic deletion method for a period of 7 years between 2015 to 2021 and data related to research variables after compilation in Excel software using software Ivory version 10 were statistically analyzed. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the social and human capital of the auditor has a significant direct effect on audit services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1292 - Examining the Interdependence Structure of Iran's Stock Market and MENA Countries
Seyed Mohammad Reza Khatami Gholam Reza Zomorodian Mir Feiz Fallah Shams Layalestani Mehrzad MinoueiAbstractIran's stock market should be related to the stock market of other countries, especially the countries of the region; This connection and dependence accelerates the accumulation and formation of capital and provides many opportunities to investors. With this app MoreAbstractIran's stock market should be related to the stock market of other countries, especially the countries of the region; This connection and dependence accelerates the accumulation and formation of capital and provides many opportunities to investors. With this approach, the present study has investigated the dependence structure of the stock market of Iran and MENA countries. In order to achieve this goal, first, information about the total stock market index of MENA countries from September 2015 to June 2022 was collected and then the fluctuations of the total stock market index of the countriescalculated using wavelet analysis. In the continuation, the Vector Autoregresive (VAR) model estimation and Granger causality test regarding the relationship between the stock market fluctuations of Iran and the countries of the region was carried out. Finally, the quantile regression was estimated and the upper and lower limits of the correlation between Iran's stock market and MENA countries were determined. The results of the wavelet analysis showed that, the range of fluctuations of the total stock market index in MENA countries has increased, over time. Based on the results of the VAR model and the Granger causality test, Iran's stock market is unilaterally affected by the stock market fluctuations of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Lebanony؛ if fluctuations occur in the stock market of these countries, This work will be transferred to the Iranian stock market immediately. In addition, there was no sign of the impact of the stock market flactuations of Jordan and Bahrain as well as North African countries including Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco on Iranian stock market. The results of quantile regression also showed that the affectability of Iran's stock market from fluctuations is different for different countries and quantiles. In this regard, in the months when the volatility in the stock market of the mentioned countries was less, the effect of the fluctuations on the Iranian stock market was less, and on the other hand, in the months when significant fluctuations occurred in the stock market, the amount of volatility transferred to the Iranian stock market was also higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1293 - The effects of Islamic bonds (sukuk) on economic growth based on a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model DSGE
Seyed Farshid gharavi Ahmad naghiloo Ashkan rahimzadehAbstract The importance of the bank's role in the current era is clear and one of its roles is financial intermediation between savers and investors. This role can be very important in helping to convert capital. In other words, the main task of banks is to equip and a MoreAbstract The importance of the bank's role in the current era is clear and one of its roles is financial intermediation between savers and investors. This role can be very important in helping to convert capital. In other words, the main task of banks is to equip and allocate money, subsidiaries and alternative securities, which is done by accepting deposits and giving loans. Islam is not against the idea of banking and banking, as long as it is not against books, traditions and values, but Islam is opposed to usurious banking based on interest rates. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Islamic financial instruments (Sukuk) on economic growth in Iran. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive data and information collection. The time domain of the research is in the period of 1370 to 1399. Method 1 of 7 In this research, an attempt has been made to identify the effects of Islamic bonds (sukuk) on economic growth by theoretically explaining and designing a model and using the methods of DSGE stochastic dynamic equilibrium model, so that the empirical effect of this relationship is analyzed. Be located. And it was shown that Islamic financial instruments (sukuk) affect Iran's economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1294 - Alyzing the Effects of Fuel Price Reform on Electricity Industry’s Financial Balance, Employing a Simulation of the Function of the Market
jamshid Pajooyan Taymot mohammadi Ali Asghar Ismail Nia elham gaforiyan Abstract This article is devoted to the study of the impact of a reform in power plant fuel prices on the key variables of Iran's electricity market (average electricity price and the financial balance of the electricity industry). It is based on a simulation m More Abstract This article is devoted to the study of the impact of a reform in power plant fuel prices on the key variables of Iran's electricity market (average electricity price and the financial balance of the electricity industry). It is based on a simulation model. In this regard, we employed a model in which the presence or absence of competition in the electricity market is based on the amount of power plant storage factor that is available in every hour. The corresponding critical storage factor, which is based on actual operation, is also calculated. Due to a suppressed price cap and availability rate (that is even lower than what is necessary for sending optimal investment signals), the current price cap and availability rate is not a valid starting point for calculating the desired effects. Hence, before examining the effects of a price reform on the mentioned variables, the price cap and availability rates need to be adjusted to a level that can guarantee a minimum IRR for investors in this sector. According to calculations, in order to sending the necessary signals for investment, by assuming a fixed availability rate, it is necessary to increase the current price cap (nearly 417 Rials per kilowatt hour) to a new level (570 Rials per kilowatt hour). According to that, the average wholesale market price will increase from nearly 600 Rials per kilowatt hour to 706 Rials per kilowatt hour. The implementation of this policy imposes a financial burden of about 29894 billion Rials to the Ministry of Energy. Given that, in markets amid with a price cap (and hence an availability payment), a price reform in fuel price, requires a proportional modification in the market price cap. Based on this obligation, the effects of the price reform on the mentioned variables, is calculated and analyzed. The analysis is based on three different scenarios about fuel price for power plants; The price of gas used in the petrochemical industry (as a raw material for this industry), the price of gas that is exported to Turkey, and, the minimum bound foreseen in the "law on the targeting of subsidies" in relation to the price of natural gas. Implementation of the mentioned scenarios will increase the market cap from 570 Rials per kilowatt hour to 1783, 3655 and 2830 Rials per kilowatt hour respectively. Adjusted average market price, proportional to the adjustment made in the market price cap, would be equivalent to 1922, 3801 and 2973 rials per kilowatt hour respectively. Furthermore, the financial burden corresponding to these scenarios will be 61717, 156574 and 114866 billion Rials respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1295 - Fuzzy intelligent forecasting approaches and tools in the field of digital currencies: A systematic review
Davood ZareKhaneghah Ali Mohammadi Mohammad Imani Barandagh Amir NajafiAbstract Digital currency, is one of the most important factors in the success of organizations that will be present in the arena of global competition. In the present review, the most important theories of digital currency forecasting based on fuzzy hybrid models and MoreAbstract Digital currency, is one of the most important factors in the success of organizations that will be present in the arena of global competition. In the present review, the most important theories of digital currency forecasting based on fuzzy hybrid models and artificial neural networks have been systematically investigated. These models mainly focus on supervised methods for measuring hybrid models. Also, basic concepts about the history of hybrid models from the first proposed models to current developed models, their combinations and architectural capabilities, data processing and measurement methods of these intelligent models are presented so that evolution This category of intelligent systems is analyzed. Finally, the features of prominent (leading) models and their applications in digital currency forecasting are presented. The results show that fuzzy neural network models and their derivatives are efficient in predicting digital currency with very high accuracy and with good justification capability that is used in a wide range of economic and scientific fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1296 - The nonlinear effects of entrepreneurship and institutional factors on financial development
Maryam Sarfaraz Mohammadyar Mohammad Sokhanvar Elnaz EntezarAbstract The effect of financial development on the economy is so important that today it is believed that economic development cannot be achieved without an efficient and developed financial sector. In this research, to investigate the nonlinear intersectional effects MoreAbstract The effect of financial development on the economy is so important that today it is believed that economic development cannot be achieved without an efficient and developed financial sector. In this research, to investigate the nonlinear intersectional effects of entrepreneurship and institutional factors on financial development (banking credit and value of trading shares) in 14 countries with high HDI during the time period of 2007-2020 using the panel data econometric technique It is addressed by nonlinear Nonlinear Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach. The results of the estimations indicate that in the studied countries, the positive (negative) shocks of the intersectional effects of entrepreneurship and institutional factors have a positive (negative) effect on banking credit and value of trading shares. According to the results, first by improving and then by expanding the institutional and entrepreneurship indicators, it is possible to play a significant role in increasing the financial development indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1297 - Investigating the effect of electronic receipt and payment tools on reducing government and bank costs
Behzad Alinejadi Ahmed Sarlak Cambys HejbarKianiAbstractToday To continue their economic life, financial institutions are required to adopt e-banking methods in order to be more competitive, reduce operating costs, increase profitability, and improve the quality of customer service. Electronic services and the develo MoreAbstractToday To continue their economic life, financial institutions are required to adopt e-banking methods in order to be more competitive, reduce operating costs, increase profitability, and improve the quality of customer service. Electronic services and the development of e-banking are a big step towards reducing costs, reducing government spending and even controlling cost. This study aims to investigate the effect of e-banking in reducing banking operating costs and reducing government spending by using a random dynamic general equilibrium and considering the economic sectors of households, enterprises, government and monetary authority and information of private and public banks. To study in the period of 1375-1396. The results indicate that the use of electronic payment and receipt tools will lead to further reductions in bank costs, as well as lower energy prices and government spending. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1298 - The Effects of Too-Big-to-Fail Periods Banks on Deposits in Government and Private Banks in Iran (Dynamic Panel Data Approach)
Hossein Mirzaei mehrdad rezaei Javad Salahi Majid Afshari RadAbstractIn the wake of recent financial crisis, large banks have been considered as important factors in financial markets in the world, since these banks' failure could affect the whole economy by extending systemic risk. With regard to this issue, when large banks fac MoreAbstractIn the wake of recent financial crisis, large banks have been considered as important factors in financial markets in the world, since these banks' failure could affect the whole economy by extending systemic risk. With regard to this issue, when large banks face insolvency or bankruptcy, larger part of economy would be affected, and with the interconnectedness between banks and financial institutions, the effects of large banks' bankruptcy will have greater impact on the real economy. After financial crisis, many studies have concentrated on the failure of TBTF banks, and the role of these banks in the incident of financial crisis. Number of specialists emphasize on bank size and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision regulated by the classification of banks and their systemically important banks. The study of risk among systemically important banks is important to Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Many studies confirm that larger banks tend to have less capital, less stability and sustainability of resources, and higher risk-taking activities, therefore, larger banks have become fragile in financial markets. Moreover, the other explanatory variables such as inflation and GDP growth have negative and positive effects on deposits volume in Iran respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1299 - Investigating the relationship between economic freedom and social welfare in Iran, based on Amartya Sen of social welfare
محمد جواد مهدی زاده راینی حمید محمدی ماشالله سالارپور سامان ضیاییAbstract One of the macroeconomic goals of countries is to create the necessary conditions to promote social welfare. One of the factors affecting the welfare of economic freedom. In this way, the freedom of the economy through the use of a set of solutions seeks to ac MoreAbstract One of the macroeconomic goals of countries is to create the necessary conditions to promote social welfare. One of the factors affecting the welfare of economic freedom. In this way, the freedom of the economy through the use of a set of solutions seeks to achieve some goals that increase the level of welfare through these goals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between economic freedom and social welfare in Iran using the ARDL model. This study was based on seasonal data during 2002-2019. The results showed that by increasing economic freedom by one percent, the social welfare index increased by 0.105 percent. and increasing per capita income increases the social welfare index by 0.142 percent. The effect of an increase in the unemployment rate by one percent reduces the social welfare index by -0.122 percent. The effect of a 1% increase in college education was followed by an increase in the social welfare index of 0.283. Also, as the population over 65 years of age, the social welfare index declines by -0.673 percent. The effect of increasing government size also reduces the social welfare index by -0.427 percent. Finally, the effect of increasing tax revenues by one percent, social welfare index by 0.361 percent. According to the results, it can be said that economic freedom can increase social welfare and equity by removing the constraints and limitations of economic pursuits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1300 - Company value prediction based on deep learning methods
Seyedeh Maryam Babanezhad Bagheri Abbasali PourAghajan M. Mehdi Abbasian FeridoniAbstract Prediction and clear understanding of the behavior of a phenomenon plays a major role in adopting strategies and decisions. All-round development and deepening of the capital market as the driving engine of economic development requires the public trust of par MoreAbstract Prediction and clear understanding of the behavior of a phenomenon plays a major role in adopting strategies and decisions. All-round development and deepening of the capital market as the driving engine of economic development requires the public trust of participants in its efficiency and correctness in determining the fair price of securities. On the other hand, predicting company value, price fluctuations, or stock returns is very important in portfolio selection, asset management, and even stock pricing of newly listed companies.In this research, using the data of 159 companies during a 10-year period including 2011-2020 and the factors affecting the company's value, including financial ratios, corporate governance mechanisms, macroeconomic factors, and the stock market, the company's value has been predicted. In this research, two structures of deep learning methods including GRU and BLSTM are used for better evaluation. The results of examining the data collected using deep learning techniques indicated that the combined model with a lower RMSE error than the GRU model predicted the value of the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1301 - The Impact of Macroeconomic, Financial, Economic and Economic Crisis Indicators on Trade Cycles of Iran and Selected Islamic and Developed Developing Countries
Seyedeh Fatemeh Bagheri Rafik Nazarian Manijeh Manijeh Hadinejad Marjan DamankeshidehAbstractThe present study uses the Generalized System Torque Model (SGMM) and dynamic panel data (PANEL VAR) to investigate the impact of macroeconomic, financial, economic and economic crises on business cycles of selected developing and developed countries over time. MoreAbstractThe present study uses the Generalized System Torque Model (SGMM) and dynamic panel data (PANEL VAR) to investigate the impact of macroeconomic, financial, economic and economic crises on business cycles of selected developing and developed countries over time. 2013-2019, 1392-1398. In this paper, the effect of independent variables (liquidity risk, return on assets, capital adequacy ratio, etc.) on business cycles in selected countries through the output gap variable using the Hadrick Prescott filter is used to evaluate the results of the model. Liquidity risk, lending facility growth rates and financial crises have a negative impact on the output gap, while return on assets, capital adequacy ratio, crude oil prices, exchange rates and the development of financial markets have a negative impact on periods. Have left the trade of selected countries.The results of the study of the reactions of instantaneous reaction (IRF) and analysis of variance for developed countries show that a standard deviation in terms of oil price index and exchange rate on the output gap, these variables show a decrease of up to two periods. Increased development of financial markets and banking health has continued, after 2 periods of shock effect of oil prices and exchange rates over time on the output gap of developed countries will be minimized.Also for developing countries; a standard deviation from The area of oil price index and exchange rate on the output gap, these variables have increased up to two periods and after 4 periods, has decreased, in other words, the effect of oil prices on the production of developing countries shows that in periods Rising oil prices, investment and production have increased, and conversely, when oil revenues fall, we see a decline in production, in other words, rising oil revenues are largely unmanaged, in other words, long-term investments are spent on short-term expenditures. It has resulted in nothing but inflation and increased liquidity for these countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1302 - Designing an Emotional Marketing Model with Emotional Approach in orde to Implemnt Goog Governance: Case Study of Bank Sepah Customers in North of Tehran
Siamak Naseri Vahid Araei Mina JamshidiAbstractObjectives: This research aims to implement an emotional marketing model with emotional approach in order to reach to a good governance. The case study was done on customers of Bank Sepah in northern zone of Tehran.Methodology: The research is practical survey a MoreAbstractObjectives: This research aims to implement an emotional marketing model with emotional approach in order to reach to a good governance. The case study was done on customers of Bank Sepah in northern zone of Tehran.Methodology: The research is practical survey and the statistical population consists of 10 experts in a decision team exploring indicators and variables by targeted non-random and snow bullet methods.Results: The research is calibrated into 51 indicators totally classified in 11 components and 3 dimensions. The components are Understanding Emotions, Quality of Emotional Relations, Reaction to Emotions, Motivations, Capitalization, Instruction, Communication, Information, Social Skills, Value Creation and Participatory Strategy.Conclusion: Three main dimensions of Emotional Performance, Emotional Self-Effectiveness and Emotional Participatory must be considered in reaching the model for implementing emotional marketing with emotional approach in order to come off good governance by the case study of Bank Sepah customers in north of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1303 - Identify the Importance of Validation of Idea and Timing in the Success of Startups with an Emphasis on Financial Resource and Investment Planning
فریبا فتحی وحید رضا میرابی جلال حقیقت منفردAbstract Startup is a novice company that offers a new solution to a problem; while there is no guarantee for the company's success through the solution provided, identifying the factors affecting the success of these emerging companies can be a guarantee of their succ MoreAbstract Startup is a novice company that offers a new solution to a problem; while there is no guarantee for the company's success through the solution provided, identifying the factors affecting the success of these emerging companies can be a guarantee of their success. The factors influencing the success of startups can be referred to as think-tanks and timing. Naturally, having the right idea and recognizing the time of entry and exit can play a decisive role in the success of the startup. So, given the role of ideology and timing for the success of startups, the present research seeks to identify the importance of Assessment ideas and timing for the success of startups. This research has been conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach and with the application of the research data method of the Foundation. Data gathering tools are semi-structured interviews. In order to collect information, using a targeted sampling method with 25 experts including university professors, APs (such as investors, coaches and Consultants), accelerators, successful startups, failed startup interviews. Data analysis was carried out in three stages: open coding, axial coding and selective coding, and a qualitative research model was designed. The results of this study indicate that the extraction of 91 codes or the initial concept of interviews, as well as the inventory of 20 concepts and 7 categories, are based on the paradigm model including Assessment ideas and timing as the axial and causative category, ICT as the underlying factors, Investment as intervening conditions, the business model and the primary product as a strategy and value creation as a consequence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1304 - Flaws in bank demand guarantees with emphasis on the uniform regulations of the International Chamber of Commerce
Musa Talebi Haider Hassanzadeh Sattar Zarklam Jalil MalikiAbstractThe autonomous principle with a special advantage granted to commercial documents, especially on-demand guarantees; It provides the means for immediate payment, in principle, regardless of the imperfections of the underlying contract, to obtain some kind of assu MoreAbstractThe autonomous principle with a special advantage granted to commercial documents, especially on-demand guarantees; It provides the means for immediate payment, in principle, regardless of the imperfections of the underlying contract, to obtain some kind of assurance in transactions. Exceptions to the autonomous principle include cases that relate in some way to the ineligibility of the beneficiary concerning the underlying contract, followed by the rule of law, a well-known example of which is a fraudulent demand. Some of the country's laws, and in particular the new draft of the Commercial Code, have recognized the use of guarantees, but the judicial procedure needs to be further developed to clarify the dimensions of the objections that can be cited in this regard. Defects that can be cited in The Uniform Rules of On-Demand Guarantees 758 is the main issue that seems to be able to be cited in the non-payment of the guarantee, according to other laws in this field, namely blatant abuse or fraud and article 19 implicitly refers to formal and substantive defects and these problems have been solved in a way, which has caused the functioning of the principle of independence in the international arena to face disorders, as a result of which the use of These rules has been followed for international trade. However, by analyzing these materials and complying with the domestic law of the country, the defects related to the autonomous principle and its exceptions can be eliminated by protecting the interests of the parties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1305 - Measuring the quality of customer relationship management for the development of digital marketing strategies in Shahr Bank
Mohammad Reza Javid Sina Nematizadeh Behrouz GhasemiAbstract With the transition from the traditional economy and increasing competition in new dimensions, the customer has become the main pillar and the center of all organizational activities. From a competitive perspective, the survival and continuity of organizations MoreAbstract With the transition from the traditional economy and increasing competition in new dimensions, the customer has become the main pillar and the center of all organizational activities. From a competitive perspective, the survival and continuity of organizations depend on identifying and attracting new customers and maintaining existing ones. Moreover, acquiring new customers costs five times more than retaining existing ones. This means that instead of differentiating products, organizations should identify their customers and shift their focus from increasing market share to increasing customer share. According to the 20/80 rule, 20% of customers contribute to 80% of the organization's sales. This indicates the necessity of maintaining long-term profitable relationships with customers to maximize profits. This research aims to measure the quality of customer relationship management for developing digital marketing strategies at Shahr Bank. The statistical population of this study included all experts and senior managers of Shahr's Bank headquarters and stakeholders. Using Cochran's formula, 125 individuals were selected as the statistical sample. Sampling was done as a random cluster. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the study showed that the infrastructure variables, organizational environment, customer orientation, human resources, relationship management, service quality, management and planning, strategic management, marketing, and performance in Shahr Bank are in a desirable state. The use of up-to-date technologies and the implementation of an appropriate organizational structure for managing customer relationships were identified as reasons for this desirability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1306 - Designing an investment policy model for competitiveness in the steel industry with a comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling approach
S. Mohsen Abbasian Hossini Mahmood Modiri Kiamars Fathi Hafshjani S. Mahboubeh JafariAbstract One of the factors that can affect the improvement of competitive advantage in the steel industry is the explanation of effective policies to accelerate the attraction of investment. This research has been done with a mixed approach of qualitative and quantita MoreAbstract One of the factors that can affect the improvement of competitive advantage in the steel industry is the explanation of effective policies to accelerate the attraction of investment. This research has been done with a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative part, the investment policy factors were extracted by content analysis method and selected by the expert panel of experts by fuzzy Delphi method. In the quantitative part, the model was formed with a comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling approach. Data were obtained in the qualitative part using semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part through the pairwise comparison questionnaire. The research population consisted of experts including senior managers of the steel industry and 20 people were selected by purposive non-probabilistic sampling method and snowball technique. The results of the qualitative section showed that the factors of investment policy for competitiveness are in 14 categories, which based on the findings of comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling, the factors of "government rules and regulations", "establishment of standards in industry", "competitive strategy" "Industry", "industry financial structure", and "investment policy" can increase a higher level of competitive advantage for the steel industry, which highlights the importance of macro policies. On the other hand, investment policies for "knowledge management", "research and development", "marketing capabilities", and "risk management" are subject to macro-factors of investment policies that lead to competitive advantage. To be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1307 - Explaining the economic and social effects of usury with an emphasis on the role of Persian literature (Case study: works of authors from Iran and Tajikistan)
Marjan Madani Garakani Umar SafarAbstractThe subject of the current research is a comparative study of the work of Sadr Alddin Eini with the title "Death of the usurer" or the usurer, and the story "Haji Agha" by Sadegh Hedayat, based on the similarities and contrasts as well as the metaphors used in e MoreAbstractThe subject of the current research is a comparative study of the work of Sadr Alddin Eini with the title "Death of the usurer" or the usurer, and the story "Haji Agha" by Sadegh Hedayat, based on the similarities and contrasts as well as the metaphors used in each of these works. In relation to the negative economic and social effects of usury, the cultural and religious commonalities of both Iranian and Tajik nations should be mentioned in this regard, Sadr Alddin Eini's "The Profiteer's Death" in the Tajik literature of the former Soviet era as the best realistic work in promoting and increasing the value of modern prose. Tajikistan has provided assistance. "Haji Agha" by Sadegh Hedayat is also one of the exceptional works, which testifies to the author's special style and style, his realistic art. And these works are not only known as valuable works of these literatures, but also express a special style and method, especially a clear example of the school of realism in the prose of Persian speakers. Therefore, it can be said that Tajik and Iranian Persian literature deserves to be examined from a comparative perspective to reveal the generality and commonalities in them. The basis of the methodology of this research is historical-comparative analysis. Matching or comparing the source is rich in sources of human knowledge. In his various investigations, man has chosen comparison and comparison as a way to reach the original facts related to his research fields. The importance of comparative criticism is that it reveals the sources of intellectual and artistic currents of literature. The result of the present research shows that above all, the above-mentioned stories are very similar in terms of theme and content and the issues depicted. The authors depict the issue of usury in Central Asia and Iran and show its harmful nature in the economic life and people's lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1308 - Investigating the Impact of Indicators Related to Supervision on Financing Mechanisms and Factors Affecting it
Masoume Alavi Ahmed Yaqubnejad Fazel MohammadiNodehAbstractOne of the important issues in the financing mechanisms and its selection is the issue of financial reporting that has been the focus of creditors and the capital market in recent years as the mainstream of financing. In this context, auditors, as an external co MoreAbstractOne of the important issues in the financing mechanisms and its selection is the issue of financial reporting that has been the focus of creditors and the capital market in recent years as the mainstream of financing. In this context, auditors, as an external corporate governance control and oversight mechanism, can play an important role in informing creditors and investors. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of indicators related to supervision on financing mechanisms and factors affecting it. The statistical population of the study consists of 99 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012-2018 . Multivariate regression models were used to test the research hypotheses. , The findings of the study show that some variables of audit firm characteristics such as life, competitiveness, independence, number of partners, rank in the CAO, size and tenure of the firm , have significant effects on financing Debt, issuance of ordinary shares, over-leverage, risk and weighted average cost of capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1309 - Factors affecting exchange costs in the country's stone industry
Ali Haidar KaramiAlam Bijan SafavidAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector. For this purpose, while examining the literature, the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector in Iran were calculated and t MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector. For this purpose, while examining the literature, the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector in Iran were calculated and then, using the Delphi method, the impact of the calculated factors was investigated. The members of the Delphi panel included 11 activists and experts active in the private and public sectors who had sufficient expertise and experience in the field of stone. In the first stage, 13 items from the experimental literature were provided to the panel members within the framework of the designed questionnaire, and the analysis of the results of the questionnaires in this stage emphasizes removing one of the existing factors and adding 4 new factors to the questionnaire. In this study, Kendall coefficient criterion has been used as an indicator to examine the consensus in the questionnaires and based on this criterion, to achieve the result, three stages of questionnaire distribution and survey of panel members have been done. The research results emphasize the impact of institutional factors on the cost of exchanging stone in the country. Also, according to the elites of the rule of law and the implementation of contracts, barriers to entry of foreign investors and the size of the government are the most important factors affecting the cost of exchanging stone in the country, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1310 - Investigating the asymmetric effects of high-frequency transactions on the returns of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (using the MS-EGARCH model)
Alireza Zafarpour Ahmed Sarlak Gholam Ali HajiAbstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the asymmetric evaluation of the high-frequency valuation of the company listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange using the MS-EGARCH model. For this purpose, the 5-minute data of Tehran Stock Exchange was used in the MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the asymmetric evaluation of the high-frequency valuation of the company listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange using the MS-EGARCH model. For this purpose, the 5-minute data of Tehran Stock Exchange was used in the period of 2021-2022. Based on the results of the research, it was determined that the variable trend of stock exchange returns in non-linear mode (separation of period length into high and low regimes) is preferable to linear mode, and when the volatility of stock trading is small, the average return of the stock market changes, but the variance of the return changes. The stock market has no significant effect. Also, the results show the asymmetric effects of the effect of stock trading on the changes in stock exchange returns in the boom regime, and the fluctuations of stock trading in the average and high variance regime, in the state of increasing and decreasing stock trading, will have a different effect on the changes in stock exchange returns, and generally its positive effect It is smaller than its negative effects. As a result, it is suggested that the policy makers in the implementation of policies related to the capital market should be proportional to the regime in which the capital market is located, different policies and even if the policies are the same, the intensity of their implementation should be proportional to the characteristics of that regime in each regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1311 - The Impact of Ethical Leadership on Empowerment: A Study of the Modifying Roles of Emotional Exhaustion and Perceived Flexibility (Case Study: Presidential Administration of the Islamic Republic of Iran)
Saeed Askari Masole Hossein MombeiniAbstract This study examines the role of ethical leadership in employee empowerment. In today's world scenario, understanding the impact of flexibility and emotional Exhaustion is essential to building the concept of empowerment. therefore, the present study examines p MoreAbstract This study examines the role of ethical leadership in employee empowerment. In today's world scenario, understanding the impact of flexibility and emotional Exhaustion is essential to building the concept of empowerment. therefore, the present study examines perceived flexibility and emotional Exhaustion as possible modifiers on the relationship between ethical leadership and employee empowerment. This research is a descriptive and survey type. a 30-item questionnaire was designed and distributed in 2021 to collect data and measure variables in order to evaluate the research model. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be higher than 0.7 using Cronbach's alpha method for each part and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by structural validity analysis. The authors, while reviewing the theoretical foundations of the members of the statistical sample, selected them by random sampling method from among the managers of the presidential Administration of Iran in Tehran. Confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis were performed using Smart PLS software to test the research hypotheses and examine the differences between the structures in the research. Findings showed that ethical leadership has a significant effect on psychological and structural empowerment. Also, the moderating effects of Emotional Exhaustion and Perceived Flexibility on the relationship between ethical leadership and empowerment was significant and the research hypotheses were all confirmed. Given the special characteristics of the Presidential Administration and their emphasis on ethics in order to achieve organizational perfection, the results of this study can be used by other governmental institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1312 - The effect of restorative justice in reducing the cost of litigation in legal systems
Hashem Farhadi Ahmad ShamsAbstractToday, the cost of litigation is considered one of the serious obstacles to fair legal proceedings, and in some cases, it has prevented people from accessing civil justice. The annual increase in court costs has made natural and legal persons less able to financ MoreAbstractToday, the cost of litigation is considered one of the serious obstacles to fair legal proceedings, and in some cases, it has prevented people from accessing civil justice. The annual increase in court costs has made natural and legal persons less able to financially file lawsuits and exercise their rights traditionally by referring to the judiciary and litigation. This is one of the major challenges for governments in achieving economic, social and civil justice. Because on the one hand, the government is facing an increase in the costs of hardware and software costs such as providing physical space and manpower for the judiciary. On the other hand, increasing lawsuits and the number of lawsuits need to resolve disputes through compromise and arbitration by Out-of-court institutions with a restorative justice approach are inevitable. In our country, Iran, the Dispute Resolution Council as a quasi-judicial institution with a conciliatory approach has played an effective role in reducing the cost of litigation through a fair trial with a restorative justice approach. The present article in three speeches on the impact of restorative justice process and out-of-court institutions in reducing the trial costs are paid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1313 - Dynamic spillover between foreign exchange and stock markets in the business cycles of Iranian economy
Mehdi Mozafarnia Mir Faiz Fallah Shams Lialestani Gholamreza ZamardianAbstract The increasing integration of financial markets and recent financial crises has created a new wave of researchers' attention to the issue of spillover and contagion in financial markets, to be able to better choose risk hedging instruments whit predicting mark MoreAbstract The increasing integration of financial markets and recent financial crises has created a new wave of researchers' attention to the issue of spillover and contagion in financial markets, to be able to better choose risk hedging instruments whit predicting market trends. Policymakers and market participants are also increasingly paying attention to the spillover effects and how they behave during different periods of economic boom and busts. Therefore, the present study aims to estimate the spillover effects between foreign exchange and stock markets in the Iranian economy and seeks to study how the spillover between these two markets behaves in the business cycles of the Iranian economy. For this purpose, by studying the daily data of 1389-1399 in which the Iranian economy is facing two periods of economic boom and two periods of economic recession, the daily spillover of foreign exchange and stock markets has been estimated and analyzed based on dynamic spillover econometric approach of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012). According to the results, in general, the spillover effect between two markets exists, but the spillover rate from the foreign exchange market to the stock market is higher than the spillover from the stock market to the foreign exchange market. Also, the spillover and, of course, the dependence of the two markets during the recession was time-varying and is more severe than during the boom. These results have important implications for policymakers and market participants and show that it is necessary to consider the relationship between the foreign exchange market and stock market according to the state of the business cycle of the economy in investment policies and decisions. Also, it is not optimal to adopt a fixed and predetermined approach, both for macro policies and for investment strategies, in these markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1314 - Optimal inflation rate measurement for minimizing economic inequality: The dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach
Alireza Azizi Hashem Zare Abbas Aminifard Jalil Khodaparast ShiraziAbstractFair distribution of income in countries is one of the development indicators of each country. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate policies for its improvement in order to identify the effect of effective factors on it. In this study, the importance MoreAbstractFair distribution of income in countries is one of the development indicators of each country. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate policies for its improvement in order to identify the effect of effective factors on it. In this study, the importance of determining the optimal inflation rate with the aim of minimizing income inequality by using the randomized dynamic equilibrium method in Iran between 1997 and 2020 is discussed. The results of the research indicate that the inflation rate is optimized to be 3.74 percent, so that the increase or decrease of inflation of this amount will increase income inequality. Therefore, the government should target its inflation rate with the aim of attaining the minimum inequality, so that the probability of fluctuations (increase or decrease) in inequality will exist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1315 - A Grounded Theory Exploration of Pattern of Home-Buying in Luxury Residential Area of Tehran in The Residential Sector of Construction Industry
ali asghar velayati Kambyz Heydarzadeh Mohammad Ali AbdulvandAbstract This research has been used to get to know the pattern of housing purchase and through qualitative research with a contextual study approach to achieve the goal of the research. Sampling in the study was done by snowball method and data collection reached satu MoreAbstract This research has been used to get to know the pattern of housing purchase and through qualitative research with a contextual study approach to achieve the goal of the research. Sampling in the study was done by snowball method and data collection reached saturation by conducting 14 interviews. In order to collect information, buyers looking for a house, consumers living less than 6 months, builders and investors, and architects and designers were interviewed. The results showed that the pattern of purchasing luxury housing from the point of view of investors and builders includes 11 categories (determining the construction site, construction process, investment return, business partners, construction cost, obtaining municipal permit, construction time, economic period of construction and instrument, effective factors in persuasion to buy, characteristics of buyers, buying and selling process in the region); Architects and designers, 4 categories (expectations of the buyer, architect's design style, characteristics of construction in the region, factors influencing purchase); Consumers living less than 6 months, 3 categories (satisfaction with construction, making changes in the house, buyer's expectations); Buyers looking for a house have 4 categories (buyer expectations, buying time, how to choose a house, making changes to the house). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1316 - Effect of Domestic Investment and doing business index on foreign direct investment in selected country
Negar Jafari Fesharaki Abbas Memarnejad seyed shamseddin hosseini kambiz hojabr kianiAbstract Investment is one of the main component of aggregate demand in economy which plays a crucial role in the economic fluctuations and economic growth of each country So economist and policymakers focused on interpret of Investment behavior. One of the most MoreAbstract Investment is one of the main component of aggregate demand in economy which plays a crucial role in the economic fluctuations and economic growth of each country So economist and policymakers focused on interpret of Investment behavior. One of the most important factors in the decision to invest in both domestic and foreign investment is the existence of a secure environment. in other words, the most important factors is the proper investment environment and what has been interpreted as the ease of doing business. In such a way that improving the ranking of countries in business environment indicators is one of the prerequisites for attracting domestic and foreign capital and as a result investment. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of indicators of ease of doing business and domestic investment on foreign direct investment in selected countries. For this purpose, based on the division of the World Bank, four groups of countries are considered by their income level, including low-income countries, lower middle-income countries, upper middle-income countries and high-income countries, and the effect of domestic investment and indicators of ease of doing business have been evaluated using a Panel data model. The result shows that the level of development of countries and their income influences the magnitude and effect of domestic private investment and indicators ease of doing business on FDI. In a low-income, lower middle income and high-income countries, the effect of investment on foreign direct investment is positive, and in the upper middle countries, this has a negative effect. Meanwhile, the effect of each indicator of ease of doing business on foreign investment varies depending on the income level of countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1317 - The Effect of Cryptocurrency on Stock Market Using Meta-Analysis Method
Seyed Keivan Khatami Mohammad Khodaei Valahzaghard Seyed Mohammad Abdollahi KeivaniAbstract The present study aims to systematically review the effect of cryptocurrencies on stock market using meta-analysis. In this regard, the researcher evaluated the studies conducted during 2011-2020. The results of the present study, which were conducted using me MoreAbstract The present study aims to systematically review the effect of cryptocurrencies on stock market using meta-analysis. In this regard, the researcher evaluated the studies conducted during 2011-2020. The results of the present study, which were conducted using meta-analysis method and statistically combined the results of studies on the effect of cryptocurrencies on the stock market, indicated that the discovered effect size is significant for most studies. Since the measurement error of the homogeneity test is less than 0.05, the studies are homogeneous and confirm the fixed effects model. In addition, the effect size of the fixed effects model was evaluated based on Rosenthal table. The measurement error of the fixed effects model was less than 0.05, confirming the research hypothesis. Therefore, cryptocurrencies affect the stock market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1318 - The effect of value of small-volume transactions on the TEDPIX of Iran
Reza Fallah-Moghaddam Saman Babaie-KafakiAbstract The value of small-vlume transactions stock (shares + preemptive rights + shares ETF) is obtained by deducting the value of block transactions from the value of total transactions in the Iranian Stock Exchange. This research includes two main parts. Considerin MoreAbstract The value of small-vlume transactions stock (shares + preemptive rights + shares ETF) is obtained by deducting the value of block transactions from the value of total transactions in the Iranian Stock Exchange. This research includes two main parts. Considering the importance of the Black-Scholes price model in financial mathematics, using deep mathematical tools such as nonlinear analysis, stochastic analysis, Ito's lemma and the Radon-Nikodym derivative, a theoretical mathematical result was obtained regarding the Black-Scholes price model. we found Theorem 1 in chapter (4) is actually a deep theoretical mathematical relationship for predicting the price in the future. Also, the results of this theorem were used to investigate the trend of the value of small stock transactions in the Iranian stock market in the future time frames. The second topic we discuss in this article is to investigate the impact of changes in the value of small-vlume transactions stock on Tedpix of the Iranian stock market, using modeling and mathematical tools, including the Black-Scholes model, financial technical analysis tools, statistical methods and the Hurst test. Usually, mathematical and computational tools use stock price data to predict the trend of financial markets. Also, the number of traded shares of a stock company can be an indicator to identify the entry point for buying or the exit point for selling. Considering the extreme price fluctuations in the last few years in the Iranian stock market and the difficulty of setting a ceiling for the price, as well as the existence of processes such as capital increases in company assemblies that change the total number of tradable shares of a company, the importance of using data on the value of small stock transactions It is revealed as a combination of price and number of shares data. In this study, in a period of about seventeen months (in which the most severe fluctuations in the history of the Iranian Stock Exchange occurred), weekly information on the average value small-volume transactions has been examined. The results of this research confirm that with the increase or decrease of the total index of the Iranian stock market, we see a similar trend in the value small-volume transactions. We also showed that the value of small stock trades is trending by using the Hurst test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1319 - Interpretive structural modeling of brand performance with an approach to improve financial performance in industrial markets with a focus on the petrochemical industry
Shahram Eshragh Narges Del Afroz Kambiz Shahroodi Yalda RahmatiAbstract Purpose: Today, heavy competition in the petrochemical industry among countries requires that attention to the brand issue be given priority, especially companies related to the petrochemical industry in Iran due to the sanctions issues, can move by creating a MoreAbstract Purpose: Today, heavy competition in the petrochemical industry among countries requires that attention to the brand issue be given priority, especially companies related to the petrochemical industry in Iran due to the sanctions issues, can move by creating a strong industrial brand to protect their customers. In the present research, the design of the brand performance model in the petrochemical industry was discussed. Method: The research was conducted in a mixed method. The statistical population of the research included sales and marketing experts of 7 petrochemical companies, and 7 experts from these companies and 238 sales and marketing experts were considered as members of the statistical sample. By conducting interviews with brand experts in the petrochemical industry, as well as library studies, concepts and basic components of brand performance were identified. Among the 28 components identified from library studies, 11 components were identified in the expert analysis as components of the brand performance model, which were the basis of the analysis. Findings: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that among the 11 components mentioned, only 7 components significantly explain the performance of the brand. These 7 components are: sales efficiency, innovation in response, modeling, brand-oriented organizational capital, organizational competitive strategies, product quality, production and sales volume. Also, the results showed that the performance of the brand in the petrochemical industry is not in a favorable state in terms of innovation in customer response and production and sales volume. Conclusion: One of the consequences of improving the performance of the brand in this industry, according to the research model, can be mentioned the improvement of the quality level of the products, meeting the market expectations, increasing the commitment and loyalty of customers, favorable financial performance and the development and prosperity of the industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1320 - Uncertainty of government expenditure policy and economic activity in Iran
Mohammad Sadiq Jaji Mulla Mirzai Mahmoud Mahmoudzadeh Saleh Qavidel Mehdi FathabadiAbstract The present study examines the quantitative effects of uncertainty regarding government expenditure policy (current and construction expenditures) on Iran's economic activity. Uncertainty is a situation where future events or their probability of occurrence ar MoreAbstract The present study examines the quantitative effects of uncertainty regarding government expenditure policy (current and construction expenditures) on Iran's economic activity. Uncertainty is a situation where future events or their probability of occurrence are not predicted. In the real world, the economy is full of uncertainty of economic factors, which leads to risk and danger in the decision-making space of economic factors and affects their behavior. In this article, we intend to use the structural vector autoregression model (SVAR), which are known as impulse models; Uncertainty effects created by the government's current expenditures and construction expenditures and other effective indicators such as; Measure the impact of oil prices and financial crises on economic activities such as production and employment. The data of the study was collected from the Central Bank website and the model was estimated using Eviuse software for the years 1365-1399. The findings showed that an impulse from the oil price area causes a 5% increase in production and a 1% increase in employment, also an impulse from the financial crisis area causes a 3% decrease in production and a 12% decrease in employment, respectively. The impulse from the area of uncertainty of current and construction expenses, causes a decrease in order; 12 percent is produced and 7 and 5 percent is employed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1321 - Deconstruction and Hermeneutic; The challenge of "understanding" and "other" with A glance at the dialogue between Derrida and Gadamer in Paris(1981)
mohammadreza khanzad mohammad shokryabstract Undubtly, One of the most influential movements in the world today is hermeneutics. This approach has been changed from the beginning to the present, due to the advent of various thinkers. Gadamer is the most intelligent and most radical advocate of a bunch of Moreabstract Undubtly, One of the most influential movements in the world today is hermeneutics. This approach has been changed from the beginning to the present, due to the advent of various thinkers. Gadamer is the most intelligent and most radical advocate of a bunch of heroines, from which it is referred to as philosophical hermeneutics.in the other side, derrida Represents a stream of metaphysics challenging the western presence of the metaphysics, which does not trust the hermeneutics and the centrality of the understanding it derives from. This article will take a brief look at the history of hermeneutics, while examining the paradigms of thought of the two thinkers in question, focusing on the famous Gadamer and Derrida debate at the Goethe-Institut de Paris, using descriptive-analytic methods and using library and Internet resources, challenge The most important lies in the debate. The main question of the paper is as follows: The Challenge between "Understanding" and "Other" How is this debate analyzed? Such readings can serve as methodological guides to other epistemic areas in order to develop unconventional reading approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1322 - Prioritizing strategic factors for the dynamic growth of Iran's gas trade in regional interactions
nadere azizzade reza Aghamusa naser azadAbstractToday energy has become one of the main components of power in international relations and plays the role of an effective driver in linking various areas of politics and economics, both national and transnational. The present study aims to prioritize the strateg MoreAbstractToday energy has become one of the main components of power in international relations and plays the role of an effective driver in linking various areas of politics and economics, both national and transnational. The present study aims to prioritize the strategic factors of the dynamic growth of Iran's gas trade in regional interactions. This research is in the category of survey-cross-sectional research in terms of the purpose of an applied research and in terms of method and time period of data collection.The main tool for data collection is an expert questionnaire. The location is the National Iranian Gas Company. The statistical population is selected from 15 university experts and managers of Iran Gas Company who have been selected using non-probability and purposeful sampling method. The DEMATEL-ANP combined method has been used to identify the pattern of relationships and prioritize strategic factors for the dynamic growth of Iran's gas trade in regional interactions. The question is what are the most important strategic factors? What are the causal relationships between the strategic factors? The main focus of this research is.The results showed that the importance of diplomatic issues and political factors is the most important among all indicators. Also, energy and energy transmission lines, by providing a suitable platform for regional interactions, are a symbol of sustainability of a cooperation and interdependence and provide a suitable space for attracting foreign investment. In fact, energy has become an effective tool in diplomacy that can bring about regional interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1323 - SAARC and Its Effect on Regionalism
Mohammad Javadi Aghajari Siminsadat RostamifarAbstract Founded in 1985, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional organization that comprises of eight countries namely India, Pakistan, Seri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives, Bhutan, and Afghanistan. Based on its charter, the key objectives are def MoreAbstract Founded in 1985, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional organization that comprises of eight countries namely India, Pakistan, Seri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives, Bhutan, and Afghanistan. Based on its charter, the key objectives are defined in the following terms: promotion of people welfare and quality of life; acceleration of economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region; appreciation of mutual trust and understanding; promotion of active collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fields; strengthening the cooperation among the member countries in international forums on matters of common interest; and to cooperate with international and regional organizations with similar aims and purposes; and so on. Nevertheless, despite its organizing principles and sublime purposes, there have been several diverging issues within the associated region: territorial disputes (India and Pakistan or Afghanistan and Pakistan), interference of global powers, asymmetric power structure, interior instability within member states, and the strategic situation of South East Asia has posed problems on the realization of convergence and regionalism reflected in the SAARC agreements. The main question is what are the major effects of SAARC agreements in regionalism? This paper attempts to analyze such an agreements in terms of regional arrangements Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1324 - Place of Culture in Common European Identity and the European Union Integration
حیبب اله ابوالحسن شیرازی حمید نیکوAbstract Common European identity can be defined as a set of secular-based cultures and values shared by all the citizens of the European Union. Theoretically, there is a European identity alongside other national or cultural identities, and in fact, people have the ide MoreAbstract Common European identity can be defined as a set of secular-based cultures and values shared by all the citizens of the European Union. Theoretically, there is a European identity alongside other national or cultural identities, and in fact, people have the identity of hierarchical and multi-layered identity in terms of national or cultural significance. Strengthening a common European identity in which the Europe Union's people consider secularism-based culture as the base of their political, social, cultural and economic values and norms, is vital for the long-term integrity of EU. EU member states, despite religious and cultural similarities and commonalities, have subcultures which have led to their own identity. As a result, they have a different strategic culture and strategic priorities. This different strategic culture is among the key factors that made these countries, especially in times of crisis, not reach a coherent security and defence policy. For analysing the various aspects of culture in Europe and the place and its impact on a common European identity, on basis of the theory of constructivism and strategic culture approach, we can say the secularism-based culture can be considered as a core layer of common European identity and has played a fundamental role in EU integration and also considered the main criteria for the admission of new members to EU. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1325 - The Impact of Information Technology on the World Stage of Dialogue between Cultures in the Persian Gulf States
Tahereh EbrahimifarAbstract Globalization is a complex phenomenon that brings a new form of so cialrelations while at the sametime causing it sownlimitations .Although the west is the major ben eficiary of in for mationtechnologies of globalization, it seems that the majority of peopleind MoreAbstract Globalization is a complex phenomenon that brings a new form of so cialrelations while at the sametime causing it sownlimitations .Although the west is the major ben eficiary of in for mationtechnologies of globalization, it seems that the majority of peopleindifferentpartsoftheworld, especially in the Persian Gulf,havenot benefited in spite of numerous development programs and in ternationalhuman rightsinstrument and in creasing concern a bout the raise of possibility off air coexistence on the national and trans-nationallevels. Thislimitationisbasically theresultoftheuneven distribution of information technologies and unequalsocialrelations between governments of the regionon oneside and governmentsand thepeople on the other. Byconsideration of then ewpremises of globalization under the information technologies and taking into account that the potentialoftechnologyincreasesthe potential fordialogue, this paper tries toanswerthefollowingquestion: towhat extentcanwe expectthepossibility of establishingafair dialogue in the Persian Gulf on thebasis ofmutual understanding? Theintention ofthispaper istoexamine theeffect ofinformation technologies on the culturaldialoguesin the Persian Gulfregion with in the context of globalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1326 - Law Abiding and National Security in Political Thought of Imam Khomeini
Akbar Ashrafi Hamidreza DavoodiAbstract Man In addition to the right of life has other rights such as the right of freedom. According to this right man is free from Non-God. Freedom right is the gift of all heavenly religions and all the divine religions. Yet it is accepted this issue that human soci MoreAbstract Man In addition to the right of life has other rights such as the right of freedom. According to this right man is free from Non-God. Freedom right is the gift of all heavenly religions and all the divine religions. Yet it is accepted this issue that human societies without law and order cannot remain stable. The existence of law is an impossible necessity, although lead to confine man freedom and limitation of his action circle. Human society never graduated from the law and its related issues. Even in the most primitive human societies. Violated to law, including issues that always engaged the minds of scholars and community leaders. Depended on the progress of human societies from primitivism civilization toward modernity gradually evolved thinking of law and each of these communities in terms of government benefited these concepts to creating and expanding order in community and their domestic and foreign stability. Imam Khomeini as the founder of one of the governmental model of contemporary period at his all political and intellectual life insisted on the law abiding and in his statements have always stressed on law abiding and the necessity of law abiding to legal requirements. Imam views on security has two features which completely separated from each other: on the one hand idealistic aspects of security for the Islamic world and world Muslim was important to the Imam and on the other hand maintaining Islamic Republic of Iran considered as the acts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1327 - Russia and the New Middle East; Strategies and Challenges
Seyed Asadollah Athary Shuaib Bahman Abstract: Russia and the Middle East have had along-standing historical relations. This relationship has continued over the centuries and in every period has had its peculiarities. So that Russia's relations with the Middle East can be divided into different pe More Abstract: Russia and the Middle East have had along-standing historical relations. This relationship has continued over the centuries and in every period has had its peculiarities. So that Russia's relations with the Middle East can be divided into different periods. The Arab Spring has created a completely new situation and new imbalances in the Middle East. It has caused great powers to fear that they will see their regional influence decline, which will affect global stability. Russia is no exception in this regard. After the popular uprisings in the Arab, the Russian leadership sought to formulate a policy to deal with the new situation. The present article seeks to investigate the strategies and challenges of Russia in the new Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1328 - Russia and the United States, Competition and Conflict
Davood Aghaee Alireza Samoodi Mehdi MosaviAbstract After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, many scholars thought that the Russian-American confrontation had ended and it would be replaced with cooperation. However, after a short period this optimism gradually faded out and a new period of conflict emerge MoreAbstract After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, many scholars thought that the Russian-American confrontation had ended and it would be replaced with cooperation. However, after a short period this optimism gradually faded out and a new period of conflict emerged. Although the new confrontation was not as sever as the previous one, but it implied a new competition in Russian-American bilateral ties. The new conflict and competition could be seen in several areas such as Russian Neighbors (Central Asian Countries & Caucausus), Missile Defense System and Arms Control and Iran as well. In this article, we are going to explain the new competition based on the above mentioned issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1329 - Brics Unfinished Coalition and Its Relationship with the Islamic Republic of Iran
Jahanbakh Izadi Mostafa Motahari.khAbstract: The global economy in the paradigm shift from the parameters is dominated by the west towards the multipolar is emerging economic powers in the different continents which the Brix Group is a symbol of this approach. In fact, the most important concern to the s MoreAbstract: The global economy in the paradigm shift from the parameters is dominated by the west towards the multipolar is emerging economic powers in the different continents which the Brix Group is a symbol of this approach. In fact, the most important concern to the south and of the main dilemmas in international relations in the last half century, when non Western countries also with understanding the complexity of these relations is doubly; in this regard. It seems to Iran in order to use its own resources and capabilities to the new definition of their relations on the basis of value - criteria ideological confrontation with the West and to provide their national interests, communication and interaction with an institution like Brics. This paper in its official is benefiting from the analytical few resources, while the definition of the nature of the goals and challenges facing Brics and the impact on the role of transnational group in the international system and how they interact with each other and other nations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1330 - The Role of Islam in Relations between Iran and the Nations of Central Asia
مرتضی محمودی جوری لطیف اف Abstract In recent decades, the Islamic Republic of Iran's strong presence in Central Asia has dramatically increased so that the country's politicians on Iran as a country that plays a greater role in global geopolitical trends speak. The regional power steadily More Abstract In recent decades, the Islamic Republic of Iran's strong presence in Central Asia has dramatically increased so that the country's politicians on Iran as a country that plays a greater role in global geopolitical trends speak. The regional power steadily with anti-American and anti-Atlantic stance that often is also consistent with the positions of Russia and its geopolitical influence increases. Central Asia as a region is important for Iran which there is five states in the former Soviet territory namely Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan with a Muslim majority population and the convergent and coordinated with the Islamic world. In addition to the historical and civilizational bonds of these countries are forms of Islamic Solidarity and the religion of Islam in their relations plays a significant role. This article attempts to influence the cultural factor in relations between Iran and the countries under review. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1331 - Necessity of Freedom and the Legal Government in Hayek's Thought
Mohammad TohidfamAbstract Friedrich Von Hayek was one of the deep thinkers and defenders of individual freedom and legal government .Freedom, ownership and law are the three main concepts of Hayek's thought .Legal government defend from freedom and individual necessarily and ownership a MoreAbstract Friedrich Von Hayek was one of the deep thinkers and defenders of individual freedom and legal government .Freedom, ownership and law are the three main concepts of Hayek's thought .Legal government defend from freedom and individual necessarily and ownership and law depend on together. Hayek believed on negative freedom which is lack of any kind of foreign compulsion or dependence to others will .He believed that in this case law is the only guarantor of freedom and the only way toward this kind of freedom is the equitable behavior .He believed that any kind of foreign compulsion is the enemy of individual freedom and legal government as well as each person related to confirmation of justly behavior. Hayek proposed legal government for this reason that governments did not introduce themselves beyond law. Hayek's legal government with using from deterrents law is a guarantor of individual freedom .This article through consider of Hayek's short biography, philosophical and economical epistemology, wanted to rethinking the strong relationship between freedom and legal government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1332 - Mental Principles of Political Violence in the Islamic Fundamentalism
Aliakbar Amini Ghasem HazbaviAbstract This paper has attempted to introduce fundamentalist views to the state and society and explored violence demand and its mental principles. Today, what we understand from the Islamic Fundamentalism in different implications it could be from its behavior view. MoreAbstract This paper has attempted to introduce fundamentalist views to the state and society and explored violence demand and its mental principles. Today, what we understand from the Islamic Fundamentalism in different implications it could be from its behavior view. Although, fundamentalism roots is in the religious dialogue and contemporary fact. While this roots in terms of Islamic Sonnat have different functions but with the interpretations of Modudi, Nadvi, Seyed Qotob and Omar Abdurrahman this concept led to the making of violence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1333 - An Outlook to the Turkish Armies Relations and the AKP
Reza JalaliAbstract Turkey today is heir to the Ottoman Empire in the lambs of the great Islamic empire in world history as it was raised. Despite the conflicting political forces in Turkish politics, this country has become a phenomenon distinct from its neighbors. Armies are the MoreAbstract Turkey today is heir to the Ottoman Empire in the lambs of the great Islamic empire in world history as it was raised. Despite the conflicting political forces in Turkish politics, this country has become a phenomenon distinct from its neighbors. Armies are the followers of Atatürk and their demands of non-interference in political matters are serious, however, Turkey is a country that has deep roots in Islam. 2002 parliamentary election in Turkey is considered the beginning of a new political life; look at current developments in Turkey shows that this country is facing problems in the field of religion and its role in politics. On the other hand, Brlayysm constitution in this country insists it is opposed to the Islamists and other activities, but the realities of Turkey today shows that the relationship between the Islamists and Armies entered a new phase and the possibility of there being two rather than confrontation to co-pay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1334 - Role of EU’s Normative Power in Western Balkans
احمد نقیب زاده حسین تفضلی مهدی نیکخواه قمی Abstract European Union is one of most important international actors that wants in addition to expanding its economic influence, emerge as a major international power and in this regard, especially after the Maastricht Tre More Abstract European Union is one of most important international actors that wants in addition to expanding its economic influence, emerge as a major international power and in this regard, especially after the Maastricht Treaty has taken important step towards increasing its international political weight. After the formation of the European Union, issue of its formation as a whole was discussed in political and academic circles and different views were introduced. Normative power approach which was introduced by Manners, created new literature in international scene and at the same time prompted supporters and opponents. On the other hand, Western Balkan region, which mainly consists of former Yugoslavia countries, has particular importance for European Union. Geographical proximity, historical and cultural commonalities and the shared border areas have created grounds for development of relations between the two sides. Therefore, in this article, the question is what is the impact of European Union’s normative power on countries of Western Balkan? What Instruments European Union has used and what challenges facing it? In addition to theoretical dimension of research and measures and applied policies, this paper believes that the relative stability of this unstable region and its alignment with the West is due to European Union’s normative power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1335 - Iran Nuclear Security Dilemma from the Perspective of Neo-Realism
Reza Simbar Reza Rahmdel Mahsa FallahAbstract Our study focuses on neo-realism has Iran Nuclear Conundrum and lack of agreement on a nuclear Marathon. Anarchic structure of the international system after the events of September eleventh causes a turning point in the international system for the world. Ira MoreAbstract Our study focuses on neo-realism has Iran Nuclear Conundrum and lack of agreement on a nuclear Marathon. Anarchic structure of the international system after the events of September eleventh causes a turning point in the international system for the world. Iran tried against the hegemonic power structure of the international system as a resistance range with respect to that coordinates ideological foreign policy spending. The balance of power created after September eleventh exorbitant fees established for Iran sanctions, aerospace, nuclear, oil, international and even took International Economic Exchanges. Nevertheless the issues of Iran’s nuclear powers were causing a disagreement with powerful countries. We tried using neo-realist theory to get the answer security Conundrum of Iran nuclear program. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1336 - Evaluating the Role of the Clergy in the Oil Industry Nationalization Movement in Iran
Malektaj Khosravi Zahra MasoudAbstract The second social transformation in Iran after the constitution revolution is the oil nationalization movement and its relevant developments. Oil industry nationalization movement was the most important anti-colonial movement in the Middle East during 1950s. Na MoreAbstract The second social transformation in Iran after the constitution revolution is the oil nationalization movement and its relevant developments. Oil industry nationalization movement was the most important anti-colonial movement in the Middle East during 1950s. Nationalization of oil industry was a turning point in the Iranian contemporary history in which several elements contributed and it can be said that oil industry nationalization was fulfilled by the coalition of all religious and national forces and political and allied groups against colonialism and dictatorship. In this respect, the important and critical role of the clergy should not be neglected. The role of Ayatollah Kashani, the measures taken by Fadaeian Islam Group and Navab Safavi and the fatwas of Islamic scientists were among the exemplary measures taken by the clergy in that time. But having a look at the role and position of the clergy in that period of time tells us that it is a complex and contradictory role with offending and sometimes contradictory tendencies. This has provided the ground for contradictory interpretations. This study deals with evaluating the role of the clergy in that process. It evaluates the reasons of different interpretations and tendencies of the clergy towards oil industry nationalization while evaluating their political and social conditions. It should be noted that putting an emphasis on the role of the clergy shall never be deemed as denial of the role of other political forces and groups in the fulfillment of oil industry nationalization process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1337 - Opportunities and Challenges of Nation-Building in Afghanistan for Iran
Mohammadjavad Haghshenas Omran YousefiAbstract With respect of being in Iran strategic environment, Afghanistan is one of the most important components of it. Iran’s strategic environment is such as that Afghanistan has become one of it’s the most important members so that after the enforced wa MoreAbstract With respect of being in Iran strategic environment, Afghanistan is one of the most important components of it. Iran’s strategic environment is such as that Afghanistan has become one of it’s the most important members so that after the enforced war, Afghanistan has made the most important security problems for Iran. Each group with ideological idea in Afghanistan is resulted in security problems for Iran. Being of western countries especially United States of America in the region, has promoted the border sensitivities between Iran and Afghanistan. Being of western forces in Afghanistan, has brought opportunities and problems for Iran, this paper is going to investigate these problem and opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1338 - Cooperation of NATO with Persian Gulf Cooperation Council and Its Impact on Security of Iran
Ardeshir Sanaei Ehsan TaherimehrAbstract: Current study is aimed at evaluating the cooperation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and its influence on security of Islamic Republic of Iran in a descriptive method. The results of study show that close cooper MoreAbstract: Current study is aimed at evaluating the cooperation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and its influence on security of Islamic Republic of Iran in a descriptive method. The results of study show that close cooperation of Southern Persian Gulf Countries with NATO has negative impacts on security of Islamic Republic of Iran and so limits the interests of Iran in the region. In current situations the operations of NATO in the region are challenging to national interests of Iran, and the attitude of Iran toward NATO as an organization under the direct influence of the United States, is a completely controversial one. Military presence of all high-ranking NATO members in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea and existence of their different defense treaties with Iran’s southern neighbor countries and independent common-wealth ones in North of Iran, especially with Azerbaijan, are examples of the military presence of NATO and its high-ranking members in borders of Iran. This can be considered as a threat against security of Islamic Republic of Iran. Financial and army supports of the U.S and its allies for Iraq during imposed war, supports of most of high-ranking members of NATO on Iran oppositions, their supports for territorial claims of Arab Countries on Persian Gulf Islands, unprecedented selling of modern weapons and army facilities to GCC member-states, their overuses of the human rights subject against Iran as a political means, their accusations based on Iran’s achievement to mass destruction weapons or Iran’s supports for terrorist attacks, are among negative elements of NATO attitude toward Iran. Presence in defense and security treaties of the region is among the most critical strategies of Islamic Republic of Iran to overcome new threats and to defuse enemies’ plots on ignoring Iran in regional relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1339 - A Survey on Nuclear Cooperation between Iran and Russia during Khatami and Ahmadinejad Periods
Davood Bavand Tahereh MirzaeeRussian and Iranian foreign policy in history has been based on alerts and news. If you look to the new era of relations between Iran and Russia, these relationships are formed around a core fundamental as “nuclear cooperation”. Nuclear cooperation between I MoreRussian and Iranian foreign policy in history has been based on alerts and news. If you look to the new era of relations between Iran and Russia, these relationships are formed around a core fundamental as “nuclear cooperation”. Nuclear cooperation between Iran and Russia began when Tehran’s top priority was reconstruction and strengthening economic and security with the purpose of compensation for damages caused by the 8 years war with Iraq. In January 1995 Moscow and Tehran have signed a contract to complete the Bushehr nuclear power planet worth $800 million. Since the Bushehr contract, Washington constantly wanted to stop this 100- megawatt light – water reactor and is concerned that this facility will help Iran’s nuclear weapons. The main question, in this research, is that what was the result of cooperation between Iran and Russia on the Bushehr nuclear project during President . Khatami and President .Ahmadinejad? And to prove it, in this study, we hypothesized that cooperation between Iran and Russia during Per. Khatami was based on political – economic purposes and during Per. Ahmadinejad the military and security aspects became the top priority than political – economic aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1340 - The Role of Think Tanks in Decision-Making of US Foreign Policy on Iran’s Nuclear Energy Program
سید جواد امام جمعه زاده مجتبی بابایی Abstract The US foreign policy is in fact formulated through constant discussions between the elite in the country’s think tanks. Iran’s nuclear energy program, as one of the most important issues related to international security, More Abstract The US foreign policy is in fact formulated through constant discussions between the elite in the country’s think tanks. Iran’s nuclear energy program, as one of the most important issues related to international security, has been studied by various US think tanks. The study of various research projects, annual reports, official reports and interviews by analysts working for these think tanks suggests there are four approaches at these US think tanks to Iran’s nuclear energy program which include adopting a diplomatic attitude toward Iran, mounting pressure on Iran from inside the country, imposing long time sanctions as an effective tool to roll back the country’s nuclear drive and taking limited military action against Iran in order to destroy its nuclear facilities. In order to confront threats posed by these think tanks, one should understand strategies they offer to the US administration. This can help diverse strategies to counter them gaining a better and deeper understanding of the role and position of these think tanks. In the process of decision making in the US foreign policy on Iran’s nuclear energy program, the present paper is an attempt to help the Iranian elite in confronting Washington’s threats against Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1341 - Labor across borders: the Struggle over Profit and Order
Ahmad Saei Abdolmajid SeifiAbstract This article examines the labor migration from less developed countries to developed countries and challenges of this process. These migrations create a major challenge in developed countries, a challenge to the profit and order. Investors and producers i MoreAbstract This article examines the labor migration from less developed countries to developed countries and challenges of this process. These migrations create a major challenge in developed countries, a challenge to the profit and order. Investors and producers in developed countries have a lot of requests for access to cheap immigrants’ labor and in contrast, the vast range of the citizens of these countries are not satisfied for the presence of immigrants and foreign labors and enumerated these persons to main causes of insecurity and chaos in their countries. Thus, the governments in developed countries confront to important challenges to respond contradictory needs of producers and their citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1342 - New Cold War Rivalry between World Powers in Cyberspace
Mohammadreza Mayeli Mohammadsaeid BahmaniAbstract If a few years ago, the Cold War arms competition between the great powers of the West and East, was the first concern of rulers and peoples of the world, but nowadays, cyber warfare and cyber arms competition, and not at all sides of the globe, the world has MoreAbstract If a few years ago, the Cold War arms competition between the great powers of the West and East, was the first concern of rulers and peoples of the world, but nowadays, cyber warfare and cyber arms competition, and not at all sides of the globe, the world has become a strategic issue. You can use the tools in this space and know that they will be used against you. For example, you use exactly the same tools that you can use to spy on you and you realize that this issue was not the main victim of your own. In this space, you can be sure that someone does not follow you and it may be harsh to use against you and your goals. Concepts of power and war, after a period of literature accumulated during the Cold War years of the last century and the beginning of the new millennium became paradigm of security - cultural - political areas. The Internet is considered to be the largest ever human-system design, engineering and implementation. This system is a vast network of millions of computers that have multiple users and multiple goals but ultimately a global network, and the unit is connected to the global scale and find the media and its role in stimulating social movements that quickly cuts across borders in and the social ills is not negligible. The importance of the internet for the world has doubled in cyber space. This paper attempts to analyze new cold war rivalry between world powers in cyberspace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1343 - Precedence of Israel Foreign & Security Policy in New Regional Area
Mohammad Sohrabi Ehsan JannatiAbstract: From the preliminary of creating the Zionist regime, the approach of foreign policy and security of Israel, based on factious religious teachings, strategy of extend pending territories and building town, obtain to strategic depth, dominance on challenges and MoreAbstract: From the preliminary of creating the Zionist regime, the approach of foreign policy and security of Israel, based on factious religious teachings, strategy of extend pending territories and building town, obtain to strategic depth, dominance on challenges and internal splits and in extreme gain to ideal of the greater Israel in order to realization the promises of the old testament. New, after passage the sixty years from the creating this regime and passage the several wars and 33day war between Hizbullah and Israeli army- also knowledge toward internal splits and challenges and the will of public opinion on creation and secure the safety, Israel decided to change its foreign policy and security to obtain the permanent security. This vicissitude is inclusive the decision of this regime for withdrawal from the occupied territories, redefinition of borders and rectification of regional strategies instead of occupied and mastery. It is evident that this vicissitude will have affects and consequences on area of regional and Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1344 - Iran and European Union Relations after Coming to Power of the E Iran and European Union Relations after Coming to Power of the Eleventh Government
اردشیر سنائی رومیسا رحمتی مقدم Abstract European countries majorly have been interested in the establishment the relations and using the economical capacities of Iran since the beginning of the revolution till now. Although during the past 36 years the mutual relations have passed various ups More Abstract European countries majorly have been interested in the establishment the relations and using the economical capacities of Iran since the beginning of the revolution till now. Although during the past 36 years the mutual relations have passed various ups and downs including inimical and friendly. With the start of Iran's nuclear case, European countries tried to keep themselves in the center of the relations between Iran and IAEA. Finally accompany of Europe and the US sent Iran's nuclear case to the Security Council. But the eleventh presidential election period in Iran caused the new stage of relations between Iran and the European Union. To design of the discussions such as moderation, detent, confidence building and constructive interactions with the international system from the Iran's government have been acclaimed by the European countries. The European Union in the framework of 5+1 group again started the negotiations for the peaceful settlement of the Iran's nuclear case. Finally the negotiations were led to the temporary Geneva agreement in November 2014.The negotiations are continuing to reach a comprehensive agreement after twice extend. Thus it can be said that Iran has privilege from especial situation in European countries foreign policy. Therefore in this article we intend to present an analytical framework to study the relations between Iran and EU after coming to power of the eleventh government. The main question of this article is that how can the relations between Iran and EU after coming to power of the eleventh government be explained from the analytical-theoretical aspect? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1345 - Analytical Framework for Examining of Turkey and Israel Relations after Coming to Power of Justice and Development Party in Turkey (2002-2010)
Ardeshir SanaieAbstract Turkey is the first Muslim country in the Middle East that recognizes formally in 1949 and establishes diplomatic relation with this country. Israel and Turkey relations usually have been called strategic relation. The relation between these two countries is a MoreAbstract Turkey is the first Muslim country in the Middle East that recognizes formally in 1949 and establishes diplomatic relation with this country. Israel and Turkey relations usually have been called strategic relation. The relation between these two countries is a deep relation and it continues, however political changes have occurred in Turkey and justice and Development Party (JDP) came to power. The JDP was born from the ashes of a banned political party (the Virtue Party) in 2002 parliamentary elections in Turkey. A new generation of Islamists with leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdogon that had established JDP, has closer relations with Muslims taboo, Israel, and also has speeded up Turkey’s integration with European Union (EU). However, Turkey’s president and prime minister are Islamists, but Turkey’s friendly relations with Israel have been firmed and political, economic and military cooperation’s have been expanded between these two countries. Getting the position of presidency and another victory in parliamentary election by Islamist of the JDP, does not mean a basic in foreign policy of Turkey. Islamists want to maintain good relations with the West and also want to expand their relations with Islam World and the East. Cutting the relations between Israel and Turkey does not seem to occur in the future and some foreseeing in this matter is merely a political optimistic. The foreign policy of Turkey is not depends on political parties, but depends on national interests of Turkey. During the ruling the JDP, some experts believe that relations between Turkey and Israel did not begin to go backward. This paper attempts to explore that how it has been the relationship of Turkey and Israel after coming to power of the JDP? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1346 - International Law and Terrorism Issue
Kabak Khabiri Maral DarbandiAbstract ُSecurity Council of the United Nation Organization, as the only place which has legal right and is authorized to use force in the international interactions. Important developments have occurred in multilateral international treaties between the Convention fo MoreAbstract ُSecurity Council of the United Nation Organization, as the only place which has legal right and is authorized to use force in the international interactions. Important developments have occurred in multilateral international treaties between the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism of 1937 and the Inter- American Convention against Terrorism of 2002. This article attempts to explore the question of changes which is occurred, as well as whether these laws have been an effective legal response in combating terrorism. After differentiating between comprehensive and sectoral conventions and between universal and regional conventions, the article comparatively analyzes them based on definitions of offenses, the extent of criminalization, exceptions concerning scope of application, measures to be taken by the states parties, obligatory and optional jurisdiction, obligations of states in the sphere of legal cooperation and assistance, rights of the offender, extradition, exceptions from extradition or legal assistance, and issues not covered by the conventions. Solutions proved to be the most effective against international terrorism and discrepancies and overlaps between the conventions are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1347 - The Role of Ethnicities in Search of Political New Federalism of Iraq
Bijan Nayeri Mohamadamin AnsariAbstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown in MoreAbstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown into north, center and south, each with its own origin. In northern and Kurd-residing regions, their main concern is to establish federalism and adding Kirkuk (the area in conflict between Kurds, Sunni Arabs, and Turkmens, with 40% of Iraqi oil) Of course, making such a claim has led to riffles between Kurds and Arabs (Shiite and Sunni) and in these areas, Kurds are placed against Arabs. In southern mainly Shiite areas (60% of Iraq oil), affected somehow by Shiites in neighboring countries (mainly Islamic Republic of Iran), this has led to Conflicts between Sunni Arabs and Kurds against Shiite in charge of government. But in the central area which is host of Sunni Arabs, reasons such as bad climate and lack of appropriate soil for agriculture and lack of oil causes that whenever Kurdish federalism and Shiite federalism is proposed, Sunni Arabs against Kurds and Shiites. In Iraqi administrative system, undesirable management quality makes mangers be interested in their ethnic interests instead of seeking administrative system efficiency, and this creates hater in other groups and ethnicities. Another barrier against national unity, is the paradox in creating national government, as a barrier against security and democracy and makes governance patterns in the region affect that and add to this paradox. In this article, the inside of Iraqi society and the relationship between ethnicities and competitions inside the government to attain political power and seize governmental posts are studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1348 - Individual Originality in the Political Opinion of Imam Ali
Abasali Rahbar Ali MalekZadeAbstract Individual originality usually is utilized along with society originality including many meanings; one of those concepts used about this word is the status of being reality for something called origin, and the other one regarded as its subsidiary. Since human MoreAbstract Individual originality usually is utilized along with society originality including many meanings; one of those concepts used about this word is the status of being reality for something called origin, and the other one regarded as its subsidiary. Since human is considered as being called animal capable of talking, as a being possessing wisdom and will, and deciding through thought and wisdom in order to live, historical and ancient findings show prove that human initially possesses social life which is due to more wellbeing and security but occasionally social life has bought him/her many limitations that has been faced with two theories of sociologists, i.e. individualism and socialism. Since Imam Ali ideology originated by Islam and in Islam it is the individual addressed by God, and he/she should precisely apply God's commands in his/her individual or social life, thus society and individual position is discussed in the political ideology of Imam Ali concluding that though society plays a special role in this theory, in His vision, any individual possesses originality since it is because of individuals that form a society and it is his/her request resulting in different traits in the various societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1349 - South Caucasia Regional Integration: Obstacles and Challenges from the viewpoint of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Jamshid SorayaAbstract The fall of the U.S.S.R. and the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S), created a new situation in the northern borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article intends to study the regional integration in the South Caucasia, bas MoreAbstract The fall of the U.S.S.R. and the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S), created a new situation in the northern borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article intends to study the regional integration in the South Caucasia, based on integrative approaches. The objective of this paper is in fact to analyze the possibility of integration of the Azerbaijan republics with those of Armenia and Georgia, drawing on Cantori and Spiegel theories of integration, and the effect of this integration on the interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. At the end, the author aims to examine the obstacles in the development of relation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the South Caucasian states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1350 - Iran's Accession to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Opportunities and Threats
Jafar Ghamat Parto Saberi ghomiAbstract Human resources development is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable development and balanced, and in this regards the subject of women because of the importance of family and social responsibility of heavy special. According to the histor MoreAbstract Human resources development is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable development and balanced, and in this regards the subject of women because of the importance of family and social responsibility of heavy special. According to the historical injustice that causes vicious in the growth and empowerment of women to achieve equal opportunities and possibilities that necessitate and this massive harm communities to compensate for the humanity of those suffered with special respect and full participation of field-oriented programs in the women's development as a fundamental human rights and pursue them. One of the fundamental steps in the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of discrimination in the world of women in the 1979 CE by the General Assembly of the United Nations is now also vast countries have joined the Convention. And about a third of their export declarations or statements are the legal effects of unilateral about some Convention or their exception, and thus with the right protection moderated to run it by appointee. Hence it is that in our country with regard to suppress discussion of cool opponents and supporters to the Convention on the Elimination of discrimination against women, the decision will be taken as opposition to the accession of rational system that with proper position, the hands hanging place of women in Islamic Iran, and agree to the introduction of the discrimination against women in Iran and Islam face Gozar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1351 - Research with an Emphasis on Traditional Ideas about Elitism V. Pareto
Mohammadhossein Rafie Seyed Mohammadjavad GhorbiAbstract Societies of different social forces are formed, each of which features are important to consider each of them. The influence of social forces in society, are the elite. Despite various discussions, the image of the traditional elite and eremitism remains, and MoreAbstract Societies of different social forces are formed, each of which features are important to consider each of them. The influence of social forces in society, are the elite. Despite various discussions, the image of the traditional elite and eremitism remains, and this indicates a need to study more about the issues is elite. Theories of change are many theory not separate the elite from the rule change is adopted.This article aims to examine the concept of development through case studies and theories of one of the most elite group of theorists, the V. Pareto is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1352 - Mental Integration of Political Elites inside Government and Forming Stability in Political System
Reza Jalali Mehdi GholamiAbstract A historical studies show the key role of elites in cultural, economic and social changes of the society. Attention of the most advanced countries is based on country elite’s especially political elites of the ruler class who have a major role in the proc MoreAbstract A historical studies show the key role of elites in cultural, economic and social changes of the society. Attention of the most advanced countries is based on country elite’s especially political elites of the ruler class who have a major role in the process of country decision-making and development. Then, this will shape in the shadow of stability in the society. In reality, political stability is an observer of the balance of nation demands from one side, and state function from other side. Other analyzers believe to the structural point of view which means the importance of political system. In their views, the system could give a direction to the political elites. Hence, this group is concentrating on the mental integration of political elites in terms of political stability. One of the major factors of stability in the political system is political elite’s consensus of opinions inside the government. This paper is attempting to analyze and compare these views about mental integration of political elites inside government and forming stability in political system Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1353 - Identity Crisis and nation, State Cleavage in Globalization Era: Language & Religion consequences on national Identity in Tajikistan and Kazakhstan
Abdulali Ghavam Neda MohamadAbstract Identity is one of the basic concepts in humankind's life and in addition, is one of the most important changed concepts in Globalization era and Post modernism ideas. Although, Identities will lose their past functions and this may cause identity crisis. Mean MoreAbstract Identity is one of the basic concepts in humankind's life and in addition, is one of the most important changed concepts in Globalization era and Post modernism ideas. Although, Identities will lose their past functions and this may cause identity crisis. Meanwhile, states that have powerful and effective functions in the past are losing their power and function, subsequently try to keep their power by a kind of limited meaning system to describe their own constructed identity and make this kind of identity as a symbol of national identity by using of force, threatening, pressure, censorship and so on. As a result, this could cause the division of state and nation, increasing state's independence and finally nation and state cleavage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1354 - Nuclear Weapons and the U. S. Strategy from the Washington Post Press during Khatami Era
Mohammadrahim Evazi Farzaneh SaifuriAbstract While have been talked about trying of European union to economic relations with Iran for expansion of political relations, many of analyst believed that it can be indication of independency of Europe from America and taking approach in principle from this un MoreAbstract While have been talked about trying of European union to economic relations with Iran for expansion of political relations, many of analyst believed that it can be indication of independency of Europe from America and taking approach in principle from this union. While in this competition and challenge, America with Europe in many items, didn't have any doubt. But with accuracy in revenue of this global actors in front of Iran are as a spirit in body. Emphasis of the European Union for the importance of Human rights and insisted of this subject, during planning economic or political problems show this reality. America follows the matter like expansion of the whole sale slaughter, struggle of Booshehr atomic power plant, accusation of hidden nuclear activities in Iran; continue codified form and programmable way to receive in weapons equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1355 - Explain the components of fighting corruption and establishing justice by emphasizing the orders of the Supreme Leader in the statement of the second step of the revolution
behruz salehiThe concept of justice and how to provide a platform for it in a civil society is one of the most important issues that require reflection and deliberation, as it is considered as a fundamental principle of the foundation of the survival of any government. Establishing MoreThe concept of justice and how to provide a platform for it in a civil society is one of the most important issues that require reflection and deliberation, as it is considered as a fundamental principle of the foundation of the survival of any government. Establishing justice in the Islamic society, which includes basic security and well-being, along with the economic growth of the Islamic society and providing the grounds for spiritual growth for individual citizens, is a key task for the Islamic society. In our jurisprudence sources, citing the infallible imams and the enlightened verses of the Qur'an regarding justice, many themes can be found. In this regard, the statements of the Supreme Leader for many years revolved around justice and the fight against corruption, an effort to realize this principle as fully as possible in the society. It is always the guiding light of officials and members of the people that no common sense dictates against it. In this research, while explaining the components of the development of justice and the fight against corruption, he drew the intellectual system of His Holiness the Supreme Leader of the Province, and for this reason, it was analyzed with a qualitative approach and by the method of analyzing the content of his words, and a total of 317 primary codes. and 46 central codes and finally 8 main themes, including the factors of the spread of justice, the consequences of the spread of justice, the factors of corruption, the consequences of the spread of corruption, the duties of officials in the axis of fighting corruption, the duties of officials in the axis of seeking justice, solutions to fight corruption and the consequences fight against corruption; identified and explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1356 - Exploring the Demographic Differences of Consumers with Different Decision-Making Styles Regarding the Purchase Behavior of Sunich Juices
Samira Ghashghayi Ghasem Bakhshandeh Roya Avalin chaharsoughi Zahra HosseiniAbstract Studying different decision-making styles in different groups helps to better understand the market because when customers are well characterized, we can better help them to make a purchase. The present research explored Sproles and Kendall’s eight decisi MoreAbstract Studying different decision-making styles in different groups helps to better understand the market because when customers are well characterized, we can better help them to make a purchase. The present research explored Sproles and Kendall’s eight decision-making styles of consumers (perfectionist and high-quality conscious, novelty-fashion conscious, brand conscious, price conscious, recreational and hedonistic conscious, confused by over choice, impulsive and careless, and habitual and brand loyal) with different demographic characteristics (gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, income, and household size). In this regard, the data of 530 consumers (selected by the convenience sampling method) of Sunich juices in Khuzestan province were collected. Afterward, the data were analyzed by ANOVA and T-test using SPSS software. The results revealed the demographic differences of consumers with different decision-making styles. Finally, the discussion and practical suggestions were presented based on the findings. Keywords: Decision-making style, Consumer behavior, Demographic differences, Sproles and Kendall model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1357 - Investigating the relation of Social Capital and Gender Norms on Entrepreneurship Tendency in Auditors Working in companies listed on the stock exchange
Maryam Shams zohreh mousavi kashiIn the present age, we need social capital more than any other capital for development, because without this capital, the use of other capitals will not be optimal. The present study was conducted to reflect the importance of social capital on the entrepreneurial orient MoreIn the present age, we need social capital more than any other capital for development, because without this capital, the use of other capitals will not be optimal. The present study was conducted to reflect the importance of social capital on the entrepreneurial orientation of auditors working in companies listed on the stock exchange in karaj. The research method is descriptive survey. The time of research is 1398. The statistical population of the study is all accountants working in companies listed on the stock exchange, including 500 people, using the Cochran's formula, 217 people were selected. The data of this study were collected through a structured questionnaire. Standard questionnaires were used to collect information related to entrepreneurship. Then, using Smart PLS software and structural equation modeling method, the hypotheses are analyzed and tested. The findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between gender norms and entrepreneurship. There is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and its structural, cognitive and relational dimensions with the tendency to entrepreneurship Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1358 - Identifying the Components of Organizational Architecture (Case study: Tax Affairs Organization)
jaber karimi jashni amirhossien mohamaddavoudi lotfollah abbasi soroukAbstract Organizational architecture is one of the important factors in measuring the success of organizations and it is considered as a comprehensive solution for internal integration and at the same time adaptation of new organizations to environmental changes. This s MoreAbstract Organizational architecture is one of the important factors in measuring the success of organizations and it is considered as a comprehensive solution for internal integration and at the same time adaptation of new organizations to environmental changes. This study identifies the components of organizational architecture in the country's tax affairs organization. Managers and staff of the Tax Affairs Organization formed the statistical community. Gender stratified method was used for sampling. The sample size according to Cochran's formula was 278 people. The research instrument was a questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale, validity (convergent and divergent) was confirmed and reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. Data analysis was performed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis tests. The results showed that the components of organizational architecture in the above organization are: rules and regulations. Investment strategy. Knowledge-based human resources. The spirit of coordination and organizational cooperation. Risk management and ongoing IT activities. Reusability. Forming an organizational architecture management team. Committed to continuous human resource training. Keywords: Organizational Architecture, Tax Administration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1359 - Explaining and Prioritizing Effective Advertising Factors Using Fuzzy Hierarchy (FAHP)
soheila shamsadini Farhad Hanifi vahid reza mirabiReviewing and evaluating the effectiveness of propaganda can serve as a criterion for converting weaknesses into strengths and adjusting its budget. Also, identifying the factors affecting the effectiveness of advertising can lead to its more professional design and imp MoreReviewing and evaluating the effectiveness of propaganda can serve as a criterion for converting weaknesses into strengths and adjusting its budget. Also, identifying the factors affecting the effectiveness of advertising can lead to its more professional design and implementation. The purpose of this study is to explain and prioritize the factors affecting the effectiveness of modern economy bank propaganda in Iran. The study population consisted of 50 scientific and organizational experts. According to the research literature, effective criteria and sub-criteria have been extracted. The final indices were extracted using fuzzy Delphi technique and according to experts. Then, using fuzzy AHP method, the ranking of criteria is discussed. The extracted criteria are: demographic characteristics, emotions and individual attitudes of the audience, appearance characteristics of the message, message content, market characteristics, cultural, economic, design and nature of services, advertising methods. The results showed that advertising methods, design and nature of services, message characteristics, personal emotions and attitudes of the audience, demographic characteristics, message content, economic, market characteristics, culture, ranked first to ninth, respectively. dedicated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1360 - Evaluating the resistance business model in order to develop service industries
Hoda Zeynali Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi Mirzahasan Hoseini Sina NematizadehThis research was done with the aim of evaluating the model of resistance businesses in order to develop service industries. The research is mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of practical purpose, in terms of exploratory approach, and in terms of data analys MoreThis research was done with the aim of evaluating the model of resistance businesses in order to develop service industries. The research is mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of practical purpose, in terms of exploratory approach, and in terms of data analysis method.In the qualitative phase of the research, a group of service industry experts were selected and in-depth interviews were conducted with them.In this phase, the purposeful sampling method was used and continued until theoretical saturation was reached and a total of 15 interviews were conducted.In the quantitative phase, managers of service industries were considered as the population and among them, 240 people were selected as a statistical sample based on stratified random sampling and proportional distribution.In the qualitative phase of the research, the data collection tool was unstructured interviews with experts. The main tool for data collection, in the quantitative phase of the research, was a questionnaire made up of 94 items, which was designed based on the initial conceptual model. The results of the present research led to the design of a process model for evaluating the model of resistance businesses in order to develop service industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1361 - Identify the dimensions, components and indicators of language teaching based on professional identity (business convenience)
Mohammad Javad Zanganeh Enalii Mojtaba Moazzami Esmail kavousy mohsen ameri shahrabiAbstractThe main purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and components of language teaching based on professional identity. The qualitative part was done in two steps to identify the dimensions and components with the content analysis technique and the q MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and components of language teaching based on professional identity. The qualitative part was done in two steps to identify the dimensions and components with the content analysis technique and the quantitative part was done with the Q analysis (mixed method). Qualitative results were sent to 20 experts. The method of work is purposeful sampling and snowball. The software is the quality part of Max Kyoda and the quantitative part is SPSS. After collecting the results, the cards were distributed and the data adequacy size was confirmed using Bartlett sphericity test and Kaiser-Mir-Ulkin test and the factors were extracted using varimax rotation. The results of the analysis lead to the extraction of 7 dimensions: "Philosophy of Mind and Learning"; "Power/cycle of learning and its context"; "Power of thinking and cultivating it"; "Role of the brain in learning"; "Brain and memory activation mechanisms"; "Multiple data conversion and transfer"; and "neural patterns / circuits and images" were identified and extracted.Keywords: professional identity, English language teaching, learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1362 - The Effects Of Corporate Accountability , Customer-oriented And Innovativeness Strategy On Marketing Information System In Service-oriented Companies
Atiyeh Khojasteh Khosro Ehsaneh Nejad Mohammad Nosratolah ShadnoushAbstractBackground: Accountability is what people expect from organizations and it is seen as a tool to control power and get things done betterObjective: To investigate the effect of the role of organizational accountability, customer orientation and innovation strateg MoreAbstractBackground: Accountability is what people expect from organizations and it is seen as a tool to control power and get things done betterObjective: To investigate the effect of the role of organizational accountability, customer orientation and innovation strategy on marketing information system in service-oriented companies Method: Present study is practical and has descriptive-correlational nature.data collection tools;Survey analysis was conducted in this study Results: The results of hypothesis testing showed that the variables of organizational accountability, innovation in products and services of the company and customer orientation have a significant and positive effect on the variable of marketing information system Conclusion:The significant impact of organizational accountability variable makes executives take responsibility for what they do and the services they provide, ensure the quality of their work, and always seek to improve their functions, missions and work.Keywords: Organizational Accountability, Customer Orientation, Innovation Strategy, Marketing Information System . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1363 - Designing an Export Marketing Model Considering the Consumer Behavior of Food Products (Case Study: Nuts and Nuts)
Masih Moghri Golnar Shojaei BaghiniAbstract The purpose of this study is to design an export marketing model according to the behavior of food consumers (case study: nuts and dried fruits). The research community is the managers and experts of commercial companies. The research is of applied type and has MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to design an export marketing model according to the behavior of food consumers (case study: nuts and dried fruits). The research community is the managers and experts of commercial companies. The research is of applied type and has been evaluated qualitatively-quantitatively. The components have been identified through the research literature and we have used the Delphi technique to screen the components. The Delphi technique has been performed in 3 rounds by experts working in the field of export. In the second step, we used the ISM (structural-interpretive) technique to level the components and identify the effective components. The results of the research indicate that in the first step, according to the Delphi technique in the export marketing model, 13 components have been approved by experts. In the second step in the structural-interpretive technique, the components are placed on 4 levels. According to the dependence-influence analysis, the components of creativity and innovation and attention to the quality of production have been identified as the most influential component and the key component in the export marketing model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1364 - Determining the level of logistics system automation in the large assembly industry
Shahin Beiranvand Habibollah Javanmard Majid Vaziri SereshkTo improve the operation level of the companies tailored to industry 4.0, is necessary to determine logistics automation. For this, the first step is the measuring of the evolution stage. For measuring the evolution of the logistics system automation, the processes and MoreTo improve the operation level of the companies tailored to industry 4.0, is necessary to determine logistics automation. For this, the first step is the measuring of the evolution stage. For measuring the evolution of the logistics system automation, the processes and components of the logistics system, maturity stages should be determine. The purpose of this paper is to determine the level of automation in the Iranian assembly industry. The research method is descriptive and Data gathering is survey method. The statistical population consisted of the logistics experts group to determine the processes and their levels and limits and also managers in the industry to provide information about the status of logistics processes and component. By utilizing interviews with logistics experts identified four process and ten components. Using the factor analysis, measuring indicators has determined and mean of them were calculated. Evolution of logistics automation was measured by compensation method. Results show that the level of automation in SAIPA Company is higher than other companies. Logistics information system and order planning components have higher stages and transportation have lower stages in all company Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1365 - Examining the role of knowledge-based companies in the development of international entrepreneurship with emphasis on the characteristics (creativity, commercialization, resistance to change and competitiveness) of these companies
Mohammad Zarei Hamed Abbasi nami Ali Davari Mandan MomeniAbstractThis article examines the role of knowledge base firms on international entrepreneurship development by emphasizing on creactivity and innovation, commercialization and resilience in changes with are features of such a company .Based on this objective, this stud MoreAbstractThis article examines the role of knowledge base firms on international entrepreneurship development by emphasizing on creactivity and innovation, commercialization and resilience in changes with are features of such a company .Based on this objective, this study is applied developmental in its purpose and descriptive-survey under its methodology. Statistical population of study includes 2800 firms of knowledge base companies of Tehran province where 340 companies are selected randomly based on Morgan formula and required information are collected from their managers and experts. Methodology of data collection in qualitative part of study was conducted through library research and in quantitative part through a researcher made questionnaire. Acquired data were analyzed via statistical tests where based on views of assessed participants, the following finding were obtained: knowledge base firms by holding some features such as innovation and creactivity, competitiveness, commercialization and resilience in changes have effective role in international development and growth of entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1366 - Application of Text Mining Techniques in Analyzing the Topic Flow of Papers Published in Iranian Accounting Journals
Mostafa Ghannad Mohammad Arabmazar Yazdi Mohammad Hossein Safarzadeh Bandari Reza HesarZadehAbstractObjective: The advancement of postgraduate education and the substantial rise in the publication of papers in all fields of knowledge, particularly in the field of accounting, require closer attention to the current publication situation of scholarly papers. Stu MoreAbstractObjective: The advancement of postgraduate education and the substantial rise in the publication of papers in all fields of knowledge, particularly in the field of accounting, require closer attention to the current publication situation of scholarly papers. Studying the research trend through the topic analysis of papers published in domestic scholarly journals, which is an example of the scientific map of a field, is of outstanding importance for organizations, researchers, and science policymakers. Therefore, the present study is aimed at analyzing the papers published in the journals approved by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in the field of accounting from the first issue published after receiving scientific rank until the end of 2020 employing text mining techniques.Methods: Out of 4924 papers published in 20 accounting journals over three decades, 4201 papers whose English abstracts were available on the websites of journals and databases were selected as the sample and used for subject classification.To identify the most important words used in the papers, TF-IDF weighting algorithm was used, and the LDA topic modeling technique was implemented to extract topics. Moreover, the Python programming language was employed to apply text mining algorithms.Results: The research findings indicate that capital market (29%), financial accounting (20%), corporate governance (10%), financial reporting and corporate social responsibility (9%), management accounting (9%), auditing (8%), finance and investment (7%), public sector accounting (3%), accounting education and research (3%), banking and information systems (2%) are respectively the most important research areas in Iranian accounting journals.Reviewing the publication trend of papers in each of the popular research areas suggests that the topics of public sector accounting, auditing, financial reporting and corporate social responsibility, management accounting, banking and information systems, and accounting education and research follow a growing publication trend. In contrast, the topics of financial accounting, capital market, and finance and investment show a downward publication trend, and the topic of corporate governance continues a steady publication trend.Conclusion: The results reveal that some research areas such as accounting information systems, public sector accounting, and accounting education and research, compared to other research areas, have been given less attention since not many attempts have been made to publish papers in these areas; thus, it is suggested that scholars pay more careful attention to journals’ science and publishing policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1367 - Presentation of Multi-indexed Intellectual Capital Assessment Model
محمدرضا نیکبخت زهرا دیانتی دیلمی منصور مومنی حسین احمدیCurrent age is the age of knowledge governance on corporates. The 21st century is known as the century of knowledge-oriented economy based on the intellectual capital. According to researchers, intellectual capital is the most important factor in creating value-added in MoreCurrent age is the age of knowledge governance on corporates. The 21st century is known as the century of knowledge-oriented economy based on the intellectual capital. According to researchers, intellectual capital is the most important factor in creating value-added in companies and their performance. Therefore, measuring intellectual capital is of particular importance in measuring corporate performance. In this research, a multi-criteria model has been provided for evaluating intellectual capital Based on the judgmental sampling method and the availability of information, the sample consisted of 81 companies include: banks, automobiles and related parts, chemicals, investment and pharmaceuticals, and used financial and non-financial information. The research method used is mixed and value (qualitative) judgments is used in modeling; to test hypotheses, quantitative and qualitative methods. . Further evaluations of the proposed model show that given to the results of Friedman test on the questionnaire of experts’ survey, including 22 researchers familiar with the field of intellectual capital, they have more advantage for the proposed model than other indicators, and in the following, Spearman test shows a significant positive relationship among the results of the proposed model and the profitability of corporates across the industries(except investment) , which is consistent with most research conducted in this area. Corporates active in the industries under study can utilize the results of this model for annual assessment of their intellectual capital, and take action for annual planning and evaluating management performance in terms of achieving the goals and aligning it with the corporate overall strategy in the field of intellectual capital through examining the model’s components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1368 - Effectiveness of Internal Controls on Disclosure in the Text of Financial Statements
Gholamreza Kordestani Seyed Mohsen Mohammadi NasabAbstract Risk disclosure is important. The study of factors affecting risk disclosure and the effect of risk disclosure on firm performance in the risk disclosure literature has been considered. Effective internal controls can drive the level of risk disclosure in the MoreAbstract Risk disclosure is important. The study of factors affecting risk disclosure and the effect of risk disclosure on firm performance in the risk disclosure literature has been considered. Effective internal controls can drive the level of risk disclosure in the text of financial statements. This issue has been considered in this research. To answer the research question on how the effectiveness of internal controls affects risk disclosure, the data of 114 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were analyzed. The findings show that companies with weak internal control systems report lower levels of textual risk disclosure than companies with effective internal controls. The results also show that the periodic repetition of the weakness of internal controls and its public dissemination leads to the disclosure of a higher level of risk by managers. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that auditors' attention to the internal controls weakness and strengthening the structure of internal controls of the company can improve further risk disclosure. Overall, the results of the research fill the existing research gap in the field of the importance of disclosing internal control weaknesses and the usefulness of the independent auditor's attention to the effectiveness of internal controls and managing risk-based textual disclosure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1369 - آزمون "الگوی کاربردی توسعه پایدار اخلاق حرفهای حسابداری" با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تائیدی
محمد نمازی حسین رجب دری -
Open Access Article
1370 - The Effect of Conditional and Unconditional Conservatism on the Level of Future Investment and Stock Value
مهدی حقیقت شهرستانی محسن دستگیر افسانه سروش یارAbstract Investment is known to be as one of the most important ways to expand the scope of companies’ operations and prevent them from being recessed and falling into downturn. If the level of company’s investments is proportional to financial and o MoreAbstract Investment is known to be as one of the most important ways to expand the scope of companies’ operations and prevent them from being recessed and falling into downturn. If the level of company’s investments is proportional to financial and operational policies, it would create value for the company and increase the stock value of the company. One of the factors affecting these two parameters, that are the level of investment and the stock value, is the conservatism principle. Therefore, this research is aimed to study the effect of conditional and unconditional conservatism on the level of future investment and stock value. In this regard, the financial data of 129 companies for a nine years period from March 20th 2008 till March 20th 2017 was used as combined data. To analyze the data, multivariate regression was used. Research findings suggest that business entities who implement a high level of conditional conservatism, do a lower level of investment. While business entities who implement a high level of unconditional conservatism have a higher level of investment. Another finding of the research suggests that the conditional and unconditional level of conservatism amplify the impact of the company's investment on stock value. The results of this research can be explained in the view of conservative contract theory and the theory of information asymmetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1371 - Personality Traits Affecting Knowledge Sharing in Audit Firms with Structural Equation Approach
شکراله خواجوی احسان کرمانیToday, the relationship between knowledge sharing activities and human characteristics has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of knowledge management. The personality of individuals is considered as the most important individual factor of human bei MoreToday, the relationship between knowledge sharing activities and human characteristics has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of knowledge management. The personality of individuals is considered as the most important individual factor of human beings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality traits that influence knowledge sharing in audit firms. Introduction of personality traits has been done with the components of five major personality factors (neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness).Questionnaires were used to collect data from 126 certified accountants working in audit firms and the hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation test. The results showed that extroversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness had a positive and significant effect on staff knowledge sharing process in audit firms, but there was no significant relationship between openness to experience and staff knowledge sharing process. Given the importance of personality traits in the formation of knowledge sharing, it is recommended that the audit firms in the process of recruiting and hiring auditors and assigning them to workgroups pay particular attention to attracting individuals with appropriate personality traits for knowledge sharing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1372 - Proposing a Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) Model for Evaluating Information Efficiency of Reporting Entities
Safdar Alipour esfandyar malekian Hossein FakhariAbstractThe research objective is to develop a model for evaluating information quality of reporting entities using network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) models. The main motivation is the multidimensional feature of information quality concept with respect to the pr MoreAbstractThe research objective is to develop a model for evaluating information quality of reporting entities using network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) models. The main motivation is the multidimensional feature of information quality concept with respect to the proxies and consequences of information quality along with the capabilities of DEA models in evaluating efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs: here the reporting entities) based on different inputs and outputs. In this regard, firstly the most important proxies and consequences of information quality are extracted from literature review and secondly considered as inputs and outputs of consequential two-stage NDEA model depending on their relationships with information quality concept and finally the information efficiency of reporting entities measured using simultaneously the proxies and consequences of information quality. The results revealed differences in DMUs' information efficiencies in different stages suggesting classic viewpoint deficiency of DEA models in evaluating DMUs' efficiency. Moreover, DMUs' efficiencies in first stage (proxies of information quality) are greater than their corresponding efficiencies in second stage (transforming proxies to consequences) and network efficiencies, resulted from optimization of all distinct stages, take an amount between first- and second-stage efficiencies. Among other results of the research in addition to providing a unique amount of network efficiency, is giving explanations for network and its components inefficiency, and identifying benchmarks for optimizations of inputs and outputs of each stage and overall network and setting a way to efficient frontier. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1373 - The Role of Financial Uncertainty Shocks, Fama French Five Factor Model and Momentum in the Capital Market and Its Effects on Stock Returns
Seyedeh Narges Shirmardi Majid Sameti Hossein Sharifi RenanAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of financial uncertainty, economic uncertainty, economic policy uncertainty as a systematic risk and the fama french five factor model along with Momentum as a unsystematic risk in the US capital market and MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of financial uncertainty, economic uncertainty, economic policy uncertainty as a systematic risk and the fama french five factor model along with Momentum as a unsystematic risk in the US capital market and short-term and long-term effects on stock returns (S&P New York Stock Exchange Index) Using a structural vector autoregressive model Quarterly data. The results show that in the short run, the greatest impact of negative shocks, respectively, due to variables such as stock returns, profitability factor, small minus big (SMB) and momentum respectively. Economic policy uncertainty has also had a positive short-term shock to stock returns. Therefore, the variables of economic uncertainty and financial uncertainty, like other Unsystematic risk factors, have almost equally and negatively affected stock returns. In the long run, the greatest impact of negative shocks was due to variables such as economic policy uncertainty, stock returns, economic uncertainty and investment factor, respectively. In the long run, the greatest impact of positive shocks is due to variables such as Small Minus Big (SMB), High Minus Low (HML), profitability factor, momentum, Market portfolio return ratio and risk free rate of return and finally financial uncertainty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1374 - Culture and Ethical Decision-Making Components of Certified Public Accountants: The Mediating Role of Individual Risk-Taking
Erfan Mohammad beigi Zohreh Aref Manesh mohammadmahdi Dehghani AshkezariAbstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of culture on the ethical decision making of certified accountants with the mediation of individual risk taking propensity. In order to achieve this goal, six hypotheses have been developed. The current MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of culture on the ethical decision making of certified accountants with the mediation of individual risk taking propensity. In order to achieve this goal, six hypotheses have been developed. The current research community is certified accountants working in audit institutions registered in Iran, which according to the inquiry made from the certified accountant community of Iran, the size of the community is 472 people. Using Cochran's formula, a sample of 212 people was selected by random sampling. The data was collected using a questionnaire in 1401 and the hypotheses were tested and analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and using Spss and Pls software. The results show a negative and significant relationship between culture and ethical awareness of certified public accountants in Iran, a positive and significant relationship between culture and individual risk taking propensity, a positive and significant relationship between individual risk taking propensity and ethical awareness, the mediating role of individual risk taking propensity positively and significantly On the relationship between culture and moral awareness, a positive and significant relationship between moral awareness and moral judgment, moral judgment and moral intention. According to the research results, culture is effective on ethical decision making. Therefore, the modification of culture indicators will help to improve the ethical decision making of certified public accountants. Due to the fact that few researches have been done in relation to culture, ethical decision-making and individual risk-taking tendency, therefore, conducting this research will help to improve the richness of research and expand theoretical texts in this research field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1375 - The effect of traditional education approaches and big data method on academic achievement of accounting students
Mohammad Namazi Zohre RaiessiAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different teaching methods on the academic achievement of accounting students in order to determine the most effective teaching method experimentally and thus can improve academic achievement among accoun MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different teaching methods on the academic achievement of accounting students in order to determine the most effective teaching method experimentally and thus can improve academic achievement among accounting students. In this regard, using the traditional approach as well as new educational approaches, including the big data approach and comparing them with each other, their effect on students' academic achievement was examined. The population of this study includes all accounting students who were studying at the undergraduate level of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz in the academic year 1399-1398 and the study sample includes 247 students. In this research, using laboratory method and pre-test-post-test design, two experimental groups with traditional approaches and big data participated in Advanced Accounting 2, Cost Accounting 2 and Auditing 1. For each lesson, a group was considered as a control group. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling, Mann-Whitney nonparametric test and hierarchical regression. Findings showed that both big data teaching methods and traditional teaching methods have a significant positive effect on students' academic achievement. Also, the research findings showed that the effect of big data method education on the academic achievement of accounting students is more than traditional method education. The research results emphasize the need for big data method education in the accounting education program at the undergraduate level to increase students' knowledge. Findings also showed that the effect of traditional education and big data on academic achievement of accounting students in advanced Accounting 2, Cost Accounting 2 and Auditing 1, by controlling the variables of gender and grade point average of students has been positive and increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1376 - Assessing the Transparency of Selected Private Banks' Information Based on Risk Criteria (Value At Risk)
Hossein Abdo Tabrizi reza tehrani Ghodratolla Imam Verdi Saeed Fallahpour Ali BaghaniAbstractTransparency of financial information has always been one of the most important concerns of investors and depositors of the banking system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the significant relationship between value at risk using book data MoreAbstractTransparency of financial information has always been one of the most important concerns of investors and depositors of the banking system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the significant relationship between value at risk using book data and market data as a measure of information transparency. For this purpose, at first, the value at risk was calculated using the EGARCH model and then, to examine the significance of the relationship and ranking of banks in terms of information transparency, Pearson correlation coefficient between value at risk (VaR) calculated from market data and book data has been used. The results showed that in the simultaneous data dimension, there is a weak relationship between book and market VaR and only the correlation coefficient between book and market VaR of Pasargad and Sina banks are statistically significant at 95% confidence level. If we consider the issue of the speed of book value information spreading in the market with a time lag, the values of the correlation coefficient of book and market VaRs for Parsian, Pasargad and Eghtesad-e-novin banks are significant at 99% confidence level and this coefficient is significant for Sina and Saman banks at 95% confidence level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1377 - Possibility of Earning Abnormal Return Based on Post Earnings Announcements Drift
محمد اصولیان منصور اصغری شیخیThe announcement of the unexpected adjustment of earnings per share by corporations is important news and information in evaluating investors' future earnings and thus determining their price. There has been a lot of research around the world on post earnings announceme MoreThe announcement of the unexpected adjustment of earnings per share by corporations is important news and information in evaluating investors' future earnings and thus determining their price. There has been a lot of research around the world on post earnings announcements drift of stock price and most of these findings suggest additional abnormal returns if post earnings announcements trading strategies are applied. In this study, based on the sample of Tehran Stock Exchange companies for the years 2009 to 2018, we specifically examine possibility of earning abnormal return based of post earnings announcements drift. We divide the EPS adjustment groups into six groups, the first three groups are related to negative earnings adjustment and the next three groups are to positive earnings adjustment; Group 1 represents the most negative earnings adjustment and Group 6 represents the largest positive earnings adjustment. Significance of the results was evaluated using by the Newy-West t-test. Results show that: abnormal return can be earned on the Tehran Stock Exchange based on post earnings announcements for positive adjustments in the short and long term, especially for the adjustment group between 10% and 40%. And can be earned are for negative adjustments for the short term, especially for adjustments between 10 and 40 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1378 - The Moderating Effect of Internal Audit Function Quality on the Relationship between Corporate Governance Quality and [Corporate Performance
اعظم ولی زاده لاریجانی مونا خداییenglishInternal audit is one of the most important and main mechanisms for more effective, efficient, and better implementation of corporate governance to achieve organizational goals and improve corporate performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investig MoreenglishInternal audit is one of the most important and main mechanisms for more effective, efficient, and better implementation of corporate governance to achieve organizational goals and improve corporate performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between internal audit performance quality and corporate governance quality with corporate performance and also to investigate the effect of internal audit performance quality on the relationship between corporate governance quality and corporate performance.To achieve this goal, three hypotheses were designed. The statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1391 to 1398. To measure the quality of corporate governance, indicators of the percentage of ownership of institutional shareholders, the independence of board members, and the use of financial and accounting professionals in the composition of board members have been used. Also, to measure the quality of performance of the internal audit unit, indicators expertise of the internal audit unit manager, the antiquity of the internal audit unit and the outsourcing status of the internal audit unit have been used. The results of this study showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the quality of performance of the internal audit unit and the quality of corporate governance with the performance of the corporate. However, the quality of performance of the internal audit unit does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between the quality of corporate governance and firm performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1379 - The Effect of Investors' Emotional Behavior with the Moderating Role of Public Confidence in Stock Prices
الهام باحقیقت علی اسماعیل زاده مقریNowadays, psychological factors of investors with cognitive aspects can influence investment decisions. Behavioral financial perspective shows that some changes in securities prices have no fundamental reason and the emotional behavior of investors plays an important ro MoreNowadays, psychological factors of investors with cognitive aspects can influence investment decisions. Behavioral financial perspective shows that some changes in securities prices have no fundamental reason and the emotional behavior of investors plays an important role in determining prices. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of investors' emotional behavior with the role of moderator of public confidence in stock prices in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is correlational in nature and content. In this research, the information related to 142 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, which have formed a statistical sample, has been analyzed in the period of 2011-2011. The results of this model show the emotional behavior of investors with the moderating role of public confidence on the stock price in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, the adjusted coefficient of determination of the model is 0.446. This means that the independent variables of the research model can explain 44.6% of the variances of the dependent variable stock price. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1380 - The Effect of Motivational Strategies on the Professional Socialization of Postgraduate Accounting Students
Mohammad Mehdi Hamidizadeh Fereydoun Ohaddi Azam ShokriAbstract The first purpose of this study is to investigate the professional socialization of accounting graduate students of Islamic Azad University. Also, its next goal is to study the effect of motivational strategies on the professional sociability of these students MoreAbstract The first purpose of this study is to investigate the professional socialization of accounting graduate students of Islamic Azad University. Also, its next goal is to study the effect of motivational strategies on the professional sociability of these students. The statistical sample of the study includes 505 graduate students (M.Sc. - PhD) in Accounting, Islamic Azad University throughout the country, which was done using the non-probability sampling method. To test the hypotheses, multivariate regression model was used using SPSS software number 22. Findings show that intrinsic motivation has a positive and significant effect on professional socialization. But external motivation does not have a significant effect on professional socialization. Also, gender and educational level have a significant effect on professional socialization. But the age of the studied students does not have a significant effect on their professional socialization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1381 - Evaluating the Effect of Auditors' Individual Psychological Bias and Personality Dimensions on Audit Quality
zahra karimi احمد یعقوب نژاد محمود صمدی لرگانی محمدرضا پورعلی لاکلایهIncreasingly, researchers in both psychology and accounting have recognized the importance of personality biases and personality traits, moods, and emotions in decision making .The present study aimed to explore the effects of psychological bias and personality dimensio MoreIncreasingly, researchers in both psychology and accounting have recognized the importance of personality biases and personality traits, moods, and emotions in decision making .The present study aimed to explore the effects of psychological bias and personality dimensions of auditors on audit quality. In order to measure the biases of overconfidence, optimism, ambiguity tolerance and the five dimensions of personality we used standard psychological questionnaires and modified Jones model was used to measure audit quality.The statistical population of the study consisted of the auditors (directors/partners) in the trusted audit agencies of the Iranian stocks market, besides the listed companieson the stock exchange which were audited by the said audit agencies .The financial statements of these companies for the year 1397 were examined cross-sectionally and eight hypotheses were determined.TheJarkbra test showed that seven of the eight independent variables were abnormal. Using the least squares test, the research model was fitted based on which five hypotheses have been confirmed and three hypotheses have been rejected. Then Pagan Godfrey test proved the variance inequality. The results of hypotheses testing indicated significant effect by psychological bias on the audit quality, but indicated no significant effect by personality dimensions on the audit quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1382 - The Effect of Auditors’ Inception of Ethical Culture on Professional Values in AuditFirms
zahed ahmadzadeh ahmad Yaghoub NezhadAbstractThe purpose of this study analyzes auditors’ inception of ethical culture. In doing so, the impact of auditors’ inception of ethical culture on professional values in audit firms has been investigated.As theories of moral psychology and organizationa MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study analyzes auditors’ inception of ethical culture. In doing so, the impact of auditors’ inception of ethical culture on professional values in audit firms has been investigated.As theories of moral psychology and organizational behavior claim professional attitudes and behaviors do not depend solely on individual beliefs, but are also influenced by organizational contexts.In order to test research hypotheses, the information of partners, managers, and supervisors of Trusted Auditing Firms of Central Insurance Organization of Iran with the purposive sampling method in 2020 are gathered and analyzed. Furthermore, the questionnaire is used to gather the required data that its validity is confirmed by professional experts. Then the AMOS 24 and Spss24 software are used for analyzing purposes mainly with respect to the model of structural equation. The results of the study Confirm the significant positive relation between auditors’ perception of ethical culture in audit firms and auditors’ commitment to public interest. However, there is a negative relation between auditors’ perception of ethical culture in audit firms and their level of participation in unprofessional behavior. In addition, based on the evidence, there is a meaningful positive relation between ethical acceptance of unprofessional affairs and the participation in an unprofessional behavior.The findings show that auditors’ perception of ethical culture in audit firms could be an influential factor in reducing auditors’ moral deviation and boosting auditors’ commitment to public interest, as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1383 - Explaining the Pattern of Measuring the Environmental Uncertainty and Its Effect on the Fluctuation of Companies' Financial Characteristics
sadegh yousefnezhad Farzaneh HeydarpoorAbstract Environmental uncertainty refers to the unpredictability and complexity of factors surrounding the company that can affect the company's operations, strategy, and results. Companies must navigate this uncertainty to make informed decisions and effectively adap MoreAbstract Environmental uncertainty refers to the unpredictability and complexity of factors surrounding the company that can affect the company's operations, strategy, and results. Companies must navigate this uncertainty to make informed decisions and effectively adapt to changing circumstances. The main goal of this research is to explain a model for measuring companies' environmental uncertainty from the perspective of theoretical foundations and experimental research. For this purpose, using the statistical method of principal components analysis, among several criteria, a suitable criterion is selected for each component of environmental uncertainty, and in the next step, by weighting each component, the degree of environmental uncertainty of each company is measured. Then the effect of this variable is tested with the fluctuation of financial characteristics of companies. In this regard, the data of 131 companies were extracted, and multivariate regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. The obtained results show that with the increase of environmental uncertainty, the fluctuation of profitability, fluctuation of cash and fluctuation of debt cost of companies increases. Because in the conditions of environmental uncertainty, companies face challenges in accurately predicting demand, pricing and future costs, which can affect their profit margins, cash holdings and debt costs. In addition, the increase in environmental uncertainty has no significant relationship with the increase in the fluctuation of stock returns, the fluctuation of financial leverage, and the fluctuation of dividends paid by companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1384 - چالشهای اجرای حسابرسی عملکرد در دستگاههای اجرایی
غلامحسین مهدوی محمد محمدیان -
Open Access Article
1385 - Identify and Rank the Impact of Accounting on Social Factors
Rahman Bahramzehi Zohreh Hajiha Reza SotoudehAbstractToday, social problems are among the issues that have been the subject of political debates, and the search for solutions to these problems has become particularly important. Social responsibility accounting is a response to these problems that by considering th MoreAbstractToday, social problems are among the issues that have been the subject of political debates, and the search for solutions to these problems has become particularly important. Social responsibility accounting is a response to these problems that by considering the social consequences of decisions, such as their economic effects, tries to expand the scope of traditional accounting and requires new criteria to define social goals and assess progress in achieving these goals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and rank the impact of accounting on social factors. This is a practical and descriptive-exploratory and correlational research that was conducted in 1400. The statistical population in the stage of identifying the components of the research model, the opinions of 20 experts familiar with accounting by snowball method were used. The city of Tehran was used. In the present study, in order to analyze the data of the qualitative section using the analytical techniques of Strauss and Carbin (1998), the concepts as a unit of analysis in the levels of the whole text of the interview were extracted with open source and for the findings of the quantitative part of the modeling method. Structural equations and smart pls software and Friedman test were used to rank the components. Finally, the results showed that accounting has a positive and significant effect on social factors such as investment decisions of investors, creditors in maintaining their interests, banks and financial institutions in accreditation, tax organization in fair tax collection and also the average rating, component. Assisting the tax organization by speeding up the taxation process with various methods of the accounting system has the highest rank and helping owners and investors to use their funds and the legality of their use is of the least importance to respondents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1386 - The Effect of Environmental Uncertainty on Earnings Persistence
پگاه معتمدی ید اله تاری وردیAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Environmental Uncertainty on Earnings persistence of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The coefficient of variation (CV) of sales (scaled by total assets) to capture environmental uncertainty. &nbs MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Environmental Uncertainty on Earnings persistence of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The coefficient of variation (CV) of sales (scaled by total assets) to capture environmental uncertainty. For this purpose one hypothesis developed and data on the 108 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1390 to 1398 were analyzed. The number of data collected for this study is 972 years-firm. The regression panel data with fixed effects approach, reviews and tests. The results showed that the concentration of Environmental Uncertainty has significant negative impact on Earnings Response Coefficient. Therefore, the research results indicate that Environmental uncertainty, by creating serious restrictions for the company and Makes information asymmetry between management and stakeholders more acute it Earnings persistence reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1387 - Effects oF Accruals Qulity on Conditional Volatility
سلاله فیض اللهی کسینی مریم لشکری زادهAbstractBy demonstrating the inability of standard financial models that are based on perfect rationality, behavioral finance school turned to psychology and behavioral decision knowledge. Behavioral finance means the study of investment behavior by using the ideas and MoreAbstractBy demonstrating the inability of standard financial models that are based on perfect rationality, behavioral finance school turned to psychology and behavioral decision knowledge. Behavioral finance means the study of investment behavior by using the ideas and beliefs that investors may act irrationally. According to behavioral finance model, because many factors are involved in investors' decisions and only one of these factors is valuation models, so biases can be seen in investors’ behavior. Using the data from 155 listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange .This study attempts to investigate the relations between accruals quality, and conditional volatility. The results showed that accruals quality have an inverse impact on conditional volatility in Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1388 - The Effect of Free Cash Flow on the Efficacy of Investment Using Panel Generalized Moment Regressions (GMM)
پارسا پرتوی فاطمه صراف فاطمه بشارت پورThe major goal of the present research is to investigate about the effect of free cash flow on investment efficiency. The statistical population for the present study involves all firms enlisted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample included 134 firms regarding the defin MoreThe major goal of the present research is to investigate about the effect of free cash flow on investment efficiency. The statistical population for the present study involves all firms enlisted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample included 134 firms regarding the definitions for the criteria utilized by the researcher and making benefit of a systematic deletion method. The research method is quasi-experimental using a post incidental approach. The research method is regression correlation-analysis of applied type and to investigate about the effect of the independent variable (free cash flow) on the dependent variable (investment) we have utilized economic measurement models. The hypotheses were studied by using a panel multiple regression method and the method used to estimate the data was a dynamic model using a generalized moment regression (GMM). Results showed that free cash flows have had a positive and meaningful effect on over-investment and under-investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1389 - Liquidity Shock, Financial Flexibility and Dividends adjustment speed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Esfandiar Malekian Maryam Ghorbani Seyyed Morteza NabavianAbstract The present study examines the relationship between marginal value of cash and unused debt capacity on the dividend’s adjustment speed, considering the role of Liquidity shock moderation. In order to measure the dividends adjustment speed, which is a ben MoreAbstract The present study examines the relationship between marginal value of cash and unused debt capacity on the dividend’s adjustment speed, considering the role of Liquidity shock moderation. In order to measure the dividends adjustment speed, which is a benchmark for dividend smoothing, the rolling window regressions based on the Lintner model was used Dijang et al and Faulkender and Wang method is applied for measuring the marginal value of cash and unused debt capacity, which is an indicator for measuring financial flexibility. According to the research constraints, 105 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011-2020 have been investigated. The Research's findings show that the marginal value of cash and unused debt capacity does not have a significant effect on the dividend’s adjustment speed. Also, the Liquidity shock has no effect on the relationship between the marginal value of cash and unused debt capacity on the dividend’s adjustment speed. According to the results, in justifying the positive relationship between the Marginal Value of Cash and the Dividends adjustment speed, it can be said that any Firm with a higher Financial Flexibility would face a lower overall risk and improve managers' performance when using Growth and investment opportunities, and ultimately, their Dividend Smoothing is higher. Also, in justifying the negative relationship between Unused Debt Capacity and the Dividends adjustment speed, it can be said that any Firm with a higher Unused Debt Capacity has a lower Dividend Smoothing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1390 - Modeling of Audit Production Efficiency based on the Business Risk Audit Approach
Shoeyb Rostami OstadKelayeh MohammadAli Aghaei Kumars BiglarAbstractBased on the business risk audit (BRA) approach, auditors should define and perceive strategic management control techniques and operating processes to evaluate a business. They should also select risk control processes in vital operating processes to estimate t MoreAbstractBased on the business risk audit (BRA) approach, auditors should define and perceive strategic management control techniques and operating processes to evaluate a business. They should also select risk control processes in vital operating processes to estimate the type and magnitude of residual business risks that might affect the accuracy and fairness of financial statements. In the present study, using a qualitative approach with the help of Grounded theory and in-depth interviews with 31 auditing experts in 2021 with the titles of partner, members of the audit organization and members of IACPA specialized working groups, to understand their mental meanings and BRA approach to conduct the audit was interviewed. In addition, textual data from notes and articles in international professional journals on BRA were used, which mainly provided the views of various experts. The research data were analyzed using open coding method in Grounded theory and major categories, categories, and subcategories (concepts) were extracted. Using a systemic approach that includes inputs, processes, outputs, outcomes and contextual factors, the model of audit production efficiency was designed based on the business risk audit and the categories that emerged were presented. Considering the limited scope of previous research on BRA and especially the lack of comprehensive research in Iran, the designed model, which is multifaceted and the result of the views of various auditing experts, provides a broad and comprehensive view of audit production efficiency based on the business risk audit that can be used in audit quality improvement programs, evaluating independent audit and other macro strategies for the development of audit methodology in Iran.Given the flaws and shortcomings of Iran’s current auditing framework, integrating the BRA approach into the current framework will be promising. At the same time, this approach can prevent over-auditing due to its proved inherent value. It can also be considered a naturally correct method of auditing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1391 - The Relation between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Accounting Information Quality and Auditor’s Report
شهناز مشایخ منا پارسایی اکرم کرانیAbstractSocietyhas gradually realized that corporations’ activities have some implications for it. By disclosing information beyond financial information, companies can perform a part of their accountability to the community and provide a better decision-making en MoreAbstractSocietyhas gradually realized that corporations’ activities have some implications for it. By disclosing information beyond financial information, companies can perform a part of their accountability to the community and provide a better decision-making environment for stakeholders. The purpose of our study is to analyze the relation between corporate social responsibility (CSR), accounting information quality and audit report in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). For these purpose, 130 companies have been selected from 2011 to 2016. In order to measure CSR as the independent variable, we have used American Institution criteria known as KLD annually utilized to rate the organizations according to the social and environmental criteria. In addition, to measure accounting quality and audit report, we have used absolute accrual estimation error and unqualified/qualified report criteria. Our results show that corporate social responsibility increases the quality of accounting information and leads to better auditors’ reports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1392 - Prediction of Firm's Life cycle and Financial Performance Appraisal using Decision trees Algorithm and Multi-criteria Decision-making Techniques
Zinat Ansari Rezvan Hejazi Yaghoob Zeraat Kish Zabihelah Khani Masoomabadi ‎Abstract Optimal selection of a company for investment considering its financial ratios is a challenge that is expected to be somewhat simplified by reducing the amount of data. Accurately recognizing the relative importance of metrics in any company is not easy for ma MoreAbstract Optimal selection of a company for investment considering its financial ratios is a challenge that is expected to be somewhat simplified by reducing the amount of data. Accurately recognizing the relative importance of metrics in any company is not easy for many decision-makers and investors. The purpose of this study is to provide methods for decision-making that can be implemented without specialized financial knowledge. For this purpose, a sample of 172 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange as a company-year, during the period 2008-2019 was examined. First, the financial ratios were prioritized using decision tree regression analysis (type CART) to predict the life cycle. The results showed that the cash ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio were the most and the least important factors, respectively. Then, using fuzzy hierarchical analysis (FAHP) and TOPSIS, financial ratios were prioritized to evaluate the Financial Performance of companies that leverage ratios and profitability ratios had the highest and lowest ranks, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1393 - The Effect of Personality Type and Professional ethics on Auditors' Ability to Detect Fraud Using the Theory of Planned Behavior by theRole of Professional Skepticism
Leyla Alizadegan Mahmoud SamadiLargani Mohsen ImeniAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality type and professional ethics on the ability of auditors' to detect financial reporting fraud using the theory of planned behavior with respect to the mediating role of professional skepticism MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality type and professional ethics on the ability of auditors' to detect financial reporting fraud using the theory of planned behavior with respect to the mediating role of professional skepticism. The statistical population of the study includes auditors working in the auditing organization and auditing firms that are members of the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants. Using Morgan table, 302 people were selected as the research sample. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey and the tool used in the research is a questionnaire. The structural equation Modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the effect of variables and the partial least squares (PLS) approach was used to analyze the patterns. The results showed that the types of auditors' personality types, professional ethics and professional skepticism, have a positive and significant relationship directly on the auditors' ability to detect financial statements fraud. Also, personality type and professional ethics have an indirect and positive relationship with respect to the mediating role of professional skepticism on the detection of fraud in financial statements.According to the research findings, the more professional skeptics auditors are during the audit, the more willing they are to seek information about the signs of fraud and hence the greater their ability to detect fraud. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1394 - نقش کیفیت حاکمیت شرکتی دررابطه بین جریانهای نقدی آزاد ودستکاری فعالیتهای واقعی
جمال بحری ثالث عسگر پاک مرام سعید یوسفی -
Open Access Article
1395 - The Role and Importance ofIncreasingDisclosures Audit Reportinthe Decisions of Professional and Non-professional Investors with Fuzzy Delphi Approach
Esmaeel Shoja Seyed Yousef AhadiSerkani SeyedehAtefeh HosseiniAbstract It is now believed that the disclosure of audit reports provides users with the necessary information, reduces the risk of making incorrect decisions, and, as a result, reduces allegations of corruption against auditors and CFOs.Scandals and financial crises, MoreAbstract It is now believed that the disclosure of audit reports provides users with the necessary information, reduces the risk of making incorrect decisions, and, as a result, reduces allegations of corruption against auditors and CFOs.Scandals and financial crises, especially in recent years, the complexity of the global business environment, and the increasing complexity of financial reporting standards have led to increased demand from users for more information from auditors. Therefore, this study uses the fuzzy Delphi method to investigate the role and importance of disclosure of audit reports on the decisions of professional and non-professional investors using the opinions of 30 experts and experts in the field of finance and auditing.In this regard, the results of the first and second stages of the fuzzy Delphi technique have shown that the level of disclosure and the auditor's reassurance dimension have a potential impact on investors' decisions; And distinguishes between decisions made by professional and non-professional investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1396 - The Effect of Management Forecast Quality on Investment Efficiency Considering the Role of Ownership Structure
فاطمه دهقان امید پورحیدری احمد خدامی پورAbstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate the Effect of Management Forecast Quality on investment efficiency considering the Moderating role of ownership structure. The statistical population of the research is listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate the Effect of Management Forecast Quality on investment efficiency considering the Moderating role of ownership structure. The statistical population of the research is listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, the data of 129 companies in the period between 2009 to 2018, has been investigated by applying a multivariate regression model. Data has been extracted from Codal site and Rahaward software Version 3. The data were analyzed by eviews software version 11. Before testing the research models, using F-Limer and Hausman tests, panel data with fixed effects were selected for testing the models. The present study is of a correlational nature and in terms of purpose, it is an applied research. In this study, institutional ownership and ownership concentration were used to measure ownership structure. The results indicated that earnings Forecast accuracy has a positive and significant effect on investment Efficiency. In addition, institutional ownership does not strengthen the relationship between earnings Forecast accuracy and investment efficiency. But the ownership concentration moderates the effect of earnings Forecast accuracy on investment efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1397 - Earnings Management Model by Using Deferred Tax Asset and Deferred Tax Liability Strategies
Vahid Tavasoli Yadollah TariverdiAbstract According to agency theory, the government and business enterprises have different interests in paying taxes. The motivation for using deferred tax asset and liability to identify earnings management is that there is usually more discretion in generally accept MoreAbstract According to agency theory, the government and business enterprises have different interests in paying taxes. The motivation for using deferred tax asset and liability to identify earnings management is that there is usually more discretion in generally accepted accounting principles than in tax laws. Managers may have an incentive to increase income in the financial statements without increasing income in the tax report. A possible reason why managers do not want to increase taxable income is that this will lead to an increase in tax costs. Therefore, one of the things that probably affects the earnings management is deferred taxes. The aim of the research is to investigated whether the deferred taxes resulting from the financial statements reported based on accounting standard 35 as a strategy for managers to achieve earnings management or not. To achieve the goal of the research, the data of 169 sample companies from the Tehran Stock Exchange, were collected using the systematic elimination approach and were analyzed using the method of descriptive-correlation analysis by performing logistic regression test. The findings showed that the deferred tax assets have an effect on earnings management, but deferred tax liabilities have no effect on earnings management. The obtained results indicate that managers use deferred tax assets to manipulate earnings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1398 - The Relationship between Financial Leverage Replacement Use in Financial Structure and Tax Avoidance
محمد حسین ستایش فهیمه ابراهیمیCompanies need financial resources to grow and managers need to make important decisions about utilizing various financial resources and the appropriate capital structure that maximizes shareholder value. Against this backdrop, the present research aims to examine the r MoreCompanies need financial resources to grow and managers need to make important decisions about utilizing various financial resources and the appropriate capital structure that maximizes shareholder value. Against this backdrop, the present research aims to examine the relationship between financial leverage replacement use in capital structure and tax avoidance in companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In doing so, we used a sample of 1026 observations. The statistical model used for testing the hypotheses in this research is panel data. The results of testing the first hypothesis reveal a negative, significant relationship between the financial leverage use and tax avoidance which is according to the effect of financial leverage replacement. The result of testing the second hypothesis reveal that the effect of financial leverage cost on the relationship between financial leverage use and tax avoidance is significant. Analysis of the effect of control variables indicates that company size, and growth opportunities have significant positive and profitability, dividend and collateral have significant negative effects on financial leverage use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1399 - Evaluating the Effect of Content of Inflation Accounting Information in Comparison with Historical Information in Designing Bankruptcy Prediction Models Based on Traditional and Meta-Innovative Approaches
Naeemeh Jebelli Iman dadashiAbstractBankruptcy Prediction is one of the branches of finance that has received more attention in in recent research as bankruptcy patterns have been developed. In most of the researches in the field of Prediction the financial performance of companies and in particul MoreAbstractBankruptcy Prediction is one of the branches of finance that has received more attention in in recent research as bankruptcy patterns have been developed. In most of the researches in the field of Prediction the financial performance of companies and in particular, bankruptcy, only Predicting or comparing the predictive power of models using historical information of financial statements has been done. Since historical accounting information has been used more in Iran, the main purpose of this study is to consider the effects of inflation on input variables in designing a bankruptcy prediction model. Therefore, the variables in design of two different models were classified into two groups of financial ratios, adjusted and historical. Then, the ratios were identified using the LARS algorithm that had the highest ability to differentiate between bankrupt and non-bankrupt companies. Finally, the final bankruptcy prediction model was designed using the logit regression test and SVM and Naive Bayesian algorithms. For this purpose, the data of 50 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were used, which had experienced bankruptcy according to Article 141 of the Commercial Code. The results of this study indicate that the financial ratios adjusted based on the price index are more suitable predictor for corporate bankruptcy. Also, the bankruptcy prediction model designed by SVM algorithm can be a very good predictor for corporate bankruptcy with 99.4% accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1400 - Comparability of Accounting, Quality of Financial Reporting and Pricing Efficiency of Optional Accruals
Farzaneh Nasirzadeh Seyed Mohsen Salehi VaziriAbstractThis study examines the relationship between accounting comparability and the quality of financial reporting and the pricing efficiency of discretionary accruals, taking the view that comparability improves the information environment and not only enhances the a MoreAbstractThis study examines the relationship between accounting comparability and the quality of financial reporting and the pricing efficiency of discretionary accruals, taking the view that comparability improves the information environment and not only enhances the ability of managers to accurately assess liabilities, it also improves investors' understanding of commitments. The investigation companies included 71 companies during the years 2012 to 2019. In this study, Di Franco's (2011) model for accounting comparability, Kotari et al. (2005) and Kaznik's (1999) models for financial reporting quality, and McNichols' (2002) model for accruals were used. The findings showed that increasing the comparability of financial statements reduced the absolute value of accruals and the lower the amount, the higher the quality of financial reporting. Overall, the obtained results revealed that comparability is associated with higher quality financial reporting, as comparability improves the accrual estimation process and the ability to signal future performance. Further, it was concluded that accountability comparability has a negative relationship with the pricing efficiency of optional accruals. In other words, the higher comparability of financial statements in the previous year has increased the perception of users regarding the financial statements of pricing of accruals. Accordingly, the more negative the coefficient of the variable, the higher the understanding of investors. We also found that when comparability was greater, the investors did not respond so strongly to optional accruals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1401 - Evaluation the Effect of Life Cycle and Expand Option on Regulator Role of Financial Reporting Quality in Mitigating the Constraining Effect of Divide
علی نادری محسن دستگیر فرزاد کریمیThis Research Investigates the Role of Financial Reporting Quality inMitigating the Constraining Effect of Dividend Policy on Investment Decisions with regard to general price index. In this way 107 firms were by systematic elimination and data were modified by general MoreThis Research Investigates the Role of Financial Reporting Quality inMitigating the Constraining Effect of Dividend Policy on Investment Decisions with regard to general price index. In this way 107 firms were by systematic elimination and data were modified by general price index. We used multiple regression for structuring and testing hypothesis in the pattern of combined data with respect to the effect of life cycle on the structure of expenses, sales and profitability. We classified firms in to the growth, maturity, and decline period. Accordingly the effect of financial reporting quality in the growth and maturity period were evaluated significant and therefore it can be said the different firm characteristics are effective in this phases. In evaluating expand option, the role of Financial Reporting Quality in high expand option firms was significant. Besides The Role of Financial Reporting Quality among firms with high and low financial Reporting Quality were evaluated significant. Default theoretical basis about the restriction of dividend policy decisions on investment, among firm in different phases of life cycle, different level of expand option were confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1402 - The Impact of Investing in Philanthropic Activities on the Firm's Cost of Equity
مهدی صفری گرایلی یاسر رضائی پیته نوئیNowadays, investing in philanthropic activities as a part of social responsibility has become more and more important, as it is expected to have important implications for corporate strategic planning and business risk. Therefore, the present study investigates the impa MoreNowadays, investing in philanthropic activities as a part of social responsibility has become more and more important, as it is expected to have important implications for corporate strategic planning and business risk. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of philanthropic activities on corporate cost of equity. For this purpose, firm’s donations to charitable and beneficial organizations are used to measure philanthropic activities, as well as OSM and capital asset pricing model were employed to measure the cost of equity. The research hypothesis was also investigated using a sample of 63 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange by using multi-variable regression model based on panel data technique and Eviews econometric software. The results showed that investing in philanthropic activities reduces the cost of equity capital. Also, the results of the sensitivity analysis test indicate that the use of alternative measure for cost of equity capital has no effect on the main results of the study and our results are robust. The findings of this study not only fill the gap in the field, but also help managers, investoes and capital market regulators make informed decisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1403 - Major Components Affecting the Development of Accounting Education in Iranian Universities
Mahdi Piri Sagharloo Arash TahririAbstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the major components affecting the development of accounting education in Iranian universities. Methods: The research method of the present study is qualitative content analysis. The statistical populatio MoreAbstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the major components affecting the development of accounting education in Iranian universities. Methods: The research method of the present study is qualitative content analysis. The statistical population of this research is the accounting professors of the top universities in Iran who have been influential in the emergence and development of academic accounting in Iran. Sampling strategy of this research is purposeful sampling. The data collection method was an unstructured interview that was conducted in 2018 and 2019. Results: Analyzes show that 10 macro components (economic, cultural, political, social, Social and historical phenomena, government, Legal requirements, Accountability and Responsibility, universities and other centers and institutions, Educational and research communications and the competence and competence of universities), is effective in the development of accounting education in Iranian universities. Conclusion: Among the ten structures resulting from the results of the present study, economic, political and government factors have had the greatest impact on the development of accounting education in Iranian universities. Also, the statehood of the economy and higher education system in Iran was identified as an obstacle in the development of accounting education in Iranian universities. The findings of this research can help decision makers in the field of accounting education in the country's universities in line with the development of accounting education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1404 - Issues and Problems of Financial Reporting in the Insurance Industry in Iran
Neda Rasouli Ali RahmaniAbstract‎.AbstractObjective: Due to the nature and importance of the insurance industry, optimal financial information and reporting is very important in this industry. Nevertheless, the investors of insurance companies, the stock exchange organization, central insu MoreAbstract‎.AbstractObjective: Due to the nature and importance of the insurance industry, optimal financial information and reporting is very important in this industry. Nevertheless, the investors of insurance companies, the stock exchange organization, central insurance and even the policyholders as the main beneficiaries of insurance companies expect significant improvements in the financial reporting of insurance companies. The clauses of the auditor's report on reserves and non-compliance with Iran's Accounting Standard No. 28 and the Central Insurance Regulations are other noteworthy issues. The International Financial Reporting Standard 4, which will be replaced by IFRS 17 in 2023, is another important issue that Iran's insurance industry must be able to prepare to accept. Therefore, in the current research, the issues and problems of financial reporting in the insurance industry have been identified from the dimensions of recognition and measurement, reporting and disclosure, and finally systems and processes, which are the three main components in the framework of financial reporting.Method: The method used in the research is a survey and the data collection was done through a questionnaire. Finally, 50 questionnaires from 16 insurance companies were received and analyzed.Findings and conclusions: The research results show that the insurance industry is facing challenges in financial reporting. The identified challenges in the field of recognition and measurement include the lack of accounting standards in the field of life insurance, lack of application of common measurement methods at the international level, lack of insurance measurements at the group level, Contracts and recognition of insurance premium income are based only on historical information and ignoring adjustments including risk adjustment. In the field of reporting and disclosure, there are challenges such as the inability to distinguish between insurance operations and investment operations, the problem of distinguishing whether a group of contracts is profitable or unprofitable, and the nature and amount of risks arising from insurance contracts are not disclosed. . Finally, the lack of sufficient training of employees and the lack of integration of the information technology system and the software used are challenges in the field of systems and processes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1405 - Independent Audit Quality Modle by Emphasizing on Meeting Stakeholders’ Needs
Mohsen Delbary ragheb ali Esmaeilzadeh MagharriAbstract Stakeholders, who seek to ensure the accuracy of the content of financial information, use independent auditing as an effective tool in the field of financial controls but often, face many ambiguities and questions about the quality of this tool. In the meanti MoreAbstract Stakeholders, who seek to ensure the accuracy of the content of financial information, use independent auditing as an effective tool in the field of financial controls but often, face many ambiguities and questions about the quality of this tool. In the meantime, the present study and its purpose, which is to "provide Independent Audit Quality Modle by Emphasizing on Meeting Stakeholders’ Needs", can largely resolve their ambiguities and questions. Method: The present qualitative research is a data foundation (with an emerging approach, containing an interpretive paradigm and an inductive approach) based on theoretical sampling, in-depth semi-structured interviews with fourteen auditors and continuous attention to the theoretical persuasion index. The research finding is "Independent Audit Quality Modle by Emphasizing on Meeting Stakeholders’ Needs". This multidimensional model includes four common components and a triple classification of stakeholders (containing eleven components). The components of the research model have an interactive relationship with each other. This relationship creates a situation in which each component of the model, is in terms of impact and effectiveness against the other component. This model, while acknowledging the ethical theory of auditing, shows the views and mental image of the interviewees of the research on the quality of independent auditing with emphasis on meeting the needs of stakeholders. The implementation of the research model or the use of its components, in addition to helping stakeholders in the quality of auditing, will increase public confidence in financial information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1406 - بحران مالی جهانی و مدیریت سود در شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
مهدی عرب صالحی سمانه باری اسحاق بهشور -
Open Access Article
1407 - The Effect of Enterprise Risk Management on the Relationship between External Financing and Earnings Management
محمد حسین پوراحمدی غلامرضا فرساد امان الهیEnterprise Risk Management can identify, measure, control and play a supervisory role, or influence the quality of the company's control mechanism in strategic managerial decisions when implementing external financing policies. In this paper, the effect of enterprise ri MoreEnterprise Risk Management can identify, measure, control and play a supervisory role, or influence the quality of the company's control mechanism in strategic managerial decisions when implementing external financing policies. In this paper, the effect of enterprise risk management on the relationship between external financing and earnings management of 118 companies has been discussed. Risk management indicators in four dimensions are competitive advantage, operational efficiency, quality and reliability of the report, and industry competitiveness. The Jones method was also used to measure earnings management. Research findings suggest that enterprise risk management affects earnings management as well as external financing on earnings management. Eventually, enterprise risk management was affected by the relationship between external financing and earnings management. In other words, enterprise risk management can improve operational performance and increase company value, and companies that are exposed to high risk of uncertainty in the environment will prevent and control the adverse effects of risk and minimize the beneficial effects and reduce the fluctuation of profits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1408 - The Effects of International Professional Practices Framework on the Effectiveness of Internal Audit
مجید تاجیک جلایری جواد رمضانی یحیی کامیابیAbstract The starting point for internal collaboration in a reassuring process is to gain insight into the current state of an organization's activities, identify key stakeholders and their needs, and determine how to define the organization's governance. Due to the fa MoreAbstract The starting point for internal collaboration in a reassuring process is to gain insight into the current state of an organization's activities, identify key stakeholders and their needs, and determine how to define the organization's governance. Due to the fact that internal auditors use different approaches, tests and different methods to evaluate leadership in their organization. While presenting a clear picture of what internal auditors based on the framework of international evaluations have adopted, knowledge and internal auditors of the issue in the development of an internal audit comprehensive and efficient measure and attitude of Internal Auditors Iran offer formally evaluate the organization's governance practices. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of mandatory and strongly recommended guidelines in the international IPPF framework due to the internal audit of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Using random sampling method, 247 people were selected from internal auditors working in the auditing units of reputable companies. The present research is in the category of applied research and in terms of method, it is a descriptive survey. It was a questionnaire for collecting data and information from the library method and data collection tools. All assumptions at the significant p <0.01 "level were analyzed by pls. The results show that the recommended and mandatory guidelines in the international IPPF framework affect the internal audit performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1409 - Investigating the relationship between Integrated Report Quality and earnings forecasting bias and Share Price Informativeness
Muhammad Vahdani Javad Muhammadi MehrAbstract Integrated financial reporting provides investors with a comprehensive understanding and insight into the company and reduces the costs of obtaining information, processing, facilitating and combining relevant and effective information, and ultimately raising MoreAbstract Integrated financial reporting provides investors with a comprehensive understanding and insight into the company and reduces the costs of obtaining information, processing, facilitating and combining relevant and effective information, and ultimately raising stock price awareness, improving information quality and facilitating more efficient capital allocation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between integrated financial reporting with earnings forecasting bias and stock price awareness. The statistical population of this research is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and 167 companies in the period 1391 to 1399 have been selected by systematic elimination method. Also, to test the research hypotheses, a multivariate regression model based on composite data was used. The results of the first hypothesis indicate that there is a direct and significant relationship between integrated financial reporting and behavioral financial bias in stock price forecasting. The results of testing the second hypothesis showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between integrated financial reporting and accuracy of profit forecasting. Integrated financial reporting with disclosure of financial and non-financial information from the financial reporting process and corporate activity makes investors and analysts more accurate forecasts. The results of testing the third hypothesis showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between integrated financial reporting and stock price awareness. He said that by combining financial and non-financial information, the process of creating value for the company in the form of financial reporting makes the information content of stock prices informative and investors in stocks make optimal decisions according to rational investment theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1410 - Managerial over Confidence, Corporate Social Responsibility Activities, Corporate Performance and Financial Constraints
Mohadeseh Shaghaghi Shahnaz MashayekhAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between management overconfidence and social responsibility, to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and performance with the moderating role of managerial overconfid MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between management overconfidence and social responsibility, to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and performance with the moderating role of managerial overconfidence and to investigate the relationship between corporate responsibility and corporate performance with the role of moderating financial constraints. This study is an appliedresearch in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlation research in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Using the data collected from the statistical sample of the research, which includes 138 companies, the research hypotheses were tested. To calculate managerial overconfidence, the capital expenditure ratio was used and to calculate the corporate social responsibility index, data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used. Social accountability Data envelopment analysis method was used. The results show that managerial overconfidence has a positive and significant relationship with corporate social responsibility. Also, managerial overconfidence weakens the relationship between corporate social responsibility and company performance, and financial constraints do not moderate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and company performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1411 - Firm Risk Management and Firm Performance by the Role of Competitive Advantage and Financial Literacy
Zohreh Arefmanesh Zohreh Arefmanesh Hamed ShokohiAbstractImportant changes in business environment and acceleration of technological change have made the business environment very complex and uncertain. Risk management is one of the solutions for companies to deal with uncertainty in the business environment, which ha MoreAbstractImportant changes in business environment and acceleration of technological change have made the business environment very complex and uncertain. Risk management is one of the solutions for companies to deal with uncertainty in the business environment, which has an effective role in maintaining and improving efficiency and effectiveness and, consequently, improving company performance. In addition, risk management is an important factor in controlling costs and diversification product and, consequently, achieving competitive advantage that leads to better performance. However, presence of financially educated managers (financial literacy of managers) in the risk management process facilitates achieving competitive advantage and better performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between enterprise risk management and company performance with mediating role of competitive advantage and moderating role of financial literacy in manufacturing firms of Yazd industrial town. Data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results of 220 completed questionnaires show that the relationship between competitive advantage and company performance is not statistically significant, but risk management has a positive and significant relationship with competitive advantage and company performance. Also, the relationship between financial literacy and competitive advantage is positive and significant. The mediating role of competitive advantage in the relationship between risk management and company performance is not confirmed, but the moderating role of financial literacy in the relationship between risk management and competitive advantage is accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1412 - Activity-based Costing in Health Chain based on Human Resource Stimuli Using Fuzzy Technique
Laleh Enayat Sarkhosh Gholamreza FarsadAbstract The health sector is facing financial problems due to the traditional accounting system approach. In recent years, experience has shown that an activity-based costing system can be a viable alternative to solving financial problems. The important point is how MoreAbstract The health sector is facing financial problems due to the traditional accounting system approach. In recent years, experience has shown that an activity-based costing system can be a viable alternative to solving financial problems. The important point is how to implement an activity-based costing system. Knowledge of activity-based costing implementation is far from its theoretical knowledge, so it is recommended to have an expert and familiar with the implementation steps along with theoretical issues. This research is a rationalistic and quantitative-qualitative research that is collected through questionnaires and interviews. The statistical population of this research is the experts and financial information of three prominent and active hospitals in Tehran. Statistical data were extracted through HIS hospital software. The results showed that activity-based costing systems, although transparency solves many of the problems of the hospital's financial area, is still ambiguous in some cases due to the dynamics of the system. Fuzzy logic provides ambiguity in calculations due to computational dynamics. slow. Using this logic can make intelligent decision making possible by software systems. Experience has shown that hospitals have more active operating room and angiography units with experienced physicians and surgeons. This is directly related to higher patient confidence in physicians and timely hospital services in diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, an efficient ABC system should pay special attention to other stimuli such as human resources in addition to activity stimuli. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1413 - Pathology of Accrual Accounting in Iranian Public Sector from the Viewpoint of Structural, Contentual and Contextual Barriers
وجیهه رحمتی زهرا پورزمانیConsidering the global movement of public sector accounting towards accrual accounting and recording all financial operations and moving towards accountability and financial transparency of governments and the public sector all over the world and the need to implement i MoreConsidering the global movement of public sector accounting towards accrual accounting and recording all financial operations and moving towards accountability and financial transparency of governments and the public sector all over the world and the need to implement it in Iran according to legal approvals and its implementation by All government agencies need to be researched by experts on how to implement and achieve this. Therefore, this paper investigates the pathology of accrual accounting in Iranian public sector. It is using three-factor pathology model consist of structural, contentual and contextual barriers. Research population includes maganers and staff in Tehran tax admission organization. Data collected from questionnaire and the items identified & verified through Delphi technique from the view of experts. Statistical analyzing is done by using SPSS and Lisrel statistical softwares. Data analyzed based on structural equation modeling, path analysis & confirmatory factor analysis. Findings show that structural factors (employment factors & information technology infrastructure), contentual factors (manager’s acceptance, employee’s acceptance & job obligation) and contextual factors (cultural factors and legal contexts) have an important role in applying accrual accounting at Iranian public sector specialy in tax organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1414 - The Effect of Organizational Culture on the Relationship between Earnings Management and the Readability of Financial Statements
محدثه ریاحی نژاد افسانه توانگرIntercultural research in societies showed that the development and evolution of accounting in any society depends on environmental and social factors of that society. Any insight into how values can be impacted through accounting behavior and ultimately the impact of MoreIntercultural research in societies showed that the development and evolution of accounting in any society depends on environmental and social factors of that society. Any insight into how values can be impacted through accounting behavior and ultimately the impact of financial disclosure is important to ensure comparability of financial reporting. For this reason, in this study, the effect of organizational culture characteristics on the relationship between profit management and readability of financial reports in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2011 to 2018 is investigated. To measure the organizational culture variable, the Globe questionnaire, the readability variable of financial reports, Fogg index and the profit management variable, Kazink model have been used. The results show that futurism, gender equality, assertiveness, extra-group collectivism, intra-group collectivism and altruism affect the relationship between earnings management and the readability of financial statements. The effect of the control variable was positive and insignificant company size and positive and significant financial leverage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1415 - The Optimal Timing of Capital Investment, Financing and Financing
نصیبه ولی زاده جواد رمضانی مهدی خلیل پورThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal timing of capital investment, financing and financing. The statistical population of this research is Tehran Stock Exchange firms. The number of firms listed as the sample is considered. The respondents were asked MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal timing of capital investment, financing and financing. The statistical population of this research is Tehran Stock Exchange firms. The number of firms listed as the sample is considered. The respondents were asked to answer the questionnaire. This research is among applied research and in terms of method, it is a descriptive study of survey type. Then, using partial least squares approach, the relationship between research variables and main model of research is studied. The raw data obtained from the statistical society were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques and smart pls software the results showed that there is a significant relationship between optimal operating time and cash assistance. There is a significant relationship between debt financing and cash assistance. There is a significant relationship between investment and cash flow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1416 - Ranking of accounting and environmental factors affecting the profitability of commercial banks
Alireza Shahreza Khosro Faghani Makrani Naghi FazeliAbstract The Profitability of commercial banks is a very significant and complex issue that is influenced by the management of intellectual capital and financial capital as accounting factors and also indicators of the banking industry and macroeconomics as environment MoreAbstract The Profitability of commercial banks is a very significant and complex issue that is influenced by the management of intellectual capital and financial capital as accounting factors and also indicators of the banking industry and macroeconomics as environmental factors. The main purpose of this study is to determine the importance and ranking of factors and indicators affecting the profitability of commercial banks, in order to help effective decisions of central bank policymakers and bank managers. The statistical population includes 17 commercial banks active in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years between 2016 to 2021. To achieve the purpose of this study, the Friedman ranking test in SPSS software was used. The results show that financial capital and intellectual capital as accounting factors were more valuable than the indicators of the banking industry and macroeconomics as environmental factors. The ranking of indicators has shown that the variables of bank size, human capital efficiency, ownership concentration and management efficiency are the most important factors, respectively; In contrast, the variables of capital efficiency of innovation, competition, GDP and communication capital efficiency were the least important in the profitability of commercial banks, respectively. Therefore, based on empirical evidence of this study suggests that managers of commercial banks, along with environmental factors, should pay sufficient attention to the management at their disposal resources. In particular, the increase in assets through the attracting deposits and the increase of capital, and the optimal use of human capital have a decisive role in improving profitability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1417 - تأثیر فناوری، مالکیت نهادی و هزینههای تحقیق و توسعه بر شفافیت اطلاعات
لیلا ملکی افوسی امیررضا کیقبادی -
Open Access Article
1418 - Investigating the Relationship between Financial Reporting Quality and Capital Intensity and Moderating Role of Growth Opportunities
یحیی حساس یگانه اسماعیل توکل نیاFrom the agency theory perspective, there are various control mechanisms to attenuate information asymmetries and information risk and to enable better supervision of managerial activity that mitigates the opportunistic behavior of managers, such as financial reporting MoreFrom the agency theory perspective, there are various control mechanisms to attenuate information asymmetries and information risk and to enable better supervision of managerial activity that mitigates the opportunistic behavior of managers, such as financial reporting quality and disclosure. Several studies have analyzed some of information asymmetries and information risk attenuate effects, such as the reduction of the cost of capital and cost of debt and access to the debt market and the effect on its conditions, i.e., lower cost, higher debt maturity and lower guarantees in bank financing. This study, examines the impact of financial reporting quality and growth opportunities on the capital intensity. The sample of this study, includes 134 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1392-1396 and for processing and testing hypotheses, panel data methodology is used. The results show that financial reporting quality has negative impact on the capital intensity. Also, it shows that growth opportunity decreases negative impact of financial reporting quality on capital intensity. Therefore designed conceptual model is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1419 - Investigating the Asymmetric Effect of Deviation from Target Leverage and Asset Turnover on the Optimal Capital Structure Adjustment Speed
Mohammad Ebrahim Rabeti Khatibi Negar Khosravi PourAbstract: Determining the optimal capital structure is one of the basic issues of financial provision of companies. This matter has an important application in the field of decision-making regarding the financing of current operations and investment plans of companies. MoreAbstract: Determining the optimal capital structure is one of the basic issues of financial provision of companies. This matter has an important application in the field of decision-making regarding the financing of current operations and investment plans of companies. Due to the lower risk of debt securities, the expected return of creditors is also lower than the expected return of shareholders. The main goal of this research is Investigating the Asymmetric Effect of Deviation from Target Leverage and Asset Turnover on the Optimal Capital Structure Adjustment Speed. the data of 119 companies during the years 2010 to 2021 were analyzed using the using the method of generalized moments. The results of the research showed that considering that the difference in speed between these two modes is statistically significant, it can be said that, consistent with the trade-off theory, deviation from the target lever is one of the factors affecting the Structure Adjustment Speed. Also, the results show that the speed of leverage adjustment will be significantly higher in companies that have a cash deficit compared to other companies. Also, examining the interactive effects of two variables, deviation from the target leverage and turnover imbalance on the capital structure adjustment speed, shows that in companies whose leverage is higher than the target and facing cash surplus, the annual adjustment speed is 88%, and in companies with leverage is lower than the target and facing a cash deficit, the speed of adjustment is not significant, and in companies whose leverage is higher than the target and facing a cash deficit, the annual adjustment speed is estimated at 59%. Therefore, based on the results of the companies whose leverage is higher or lower than the target, the surplus of cash funds compared to the deficit of cash funds has led to strengthening the adjustment speed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1420 - Predicting Information Quality Ranking with Factor Analysis and Artificial Intelligence Approach
Akram Karimi Roya Darabi Mohammadreza Poor Fakharan Hossein MoghadamAbstractThis study examines the ranking of information quality ranking with the approach of factor analysis and artificial intelligence in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The independent variable used in this research is the criteria of the management sys MoreAbstractThis study examines the ranking of information quality ranking with the approach of factor analysis and artificial intelligence in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The independent variable used in this research is the criteria of the management system and the dependent variable of this research is the criteria of accounting information quality, which based on factor analysis method, all criteria have been converted into a single variable. The present study is part of experimental accounting research and artificial intelligence method has been used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that according to the variable selection method of neighborhood analysis, among the variables of the management system, the percentage of institutional owners "," dual role of CEO "," CEO tenure "," management ownership "," government ownership "have the highest correlation with rank Other results of Jackie's research are that the linear and non-linear artificial intelligence method pls has a high ability to predict the quality rating of accounting information of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1421 - Segment Report Patterning in Iranian Banking Sector
سید علی اکبر میرعمادی جواد رضازاده بهروز خدارحمیAbstract Operational segment reporting is one of the essential and vital parts of financial reporting. This information is useful for both Intra and extra-organizational consumers. So far, in operational segment reporting two main and important approaches called risk a MoreAbstract Operational segment reporting is one of the essential and vital parts of financial reporting. This information is useful for both Intra and extra-organizational consumers. So far, in operational segment reporting two main and important approaches called risk and return approach and management approach have been considered by researchers and the body of standard committee. Each of these two approaches has had its supporters and critics. Due to these criticisms and weaknesses, the mentioned models, especially in the Iranian banking industry, do not meet the needs of their users. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design and present a model for the operational segments reporting of the Iranian banking industry according to the economic environment as well as market and business conditions of this industry. Samples are selected from provider, users and also supervisors of the banking industry. The number of samples is also tested based on theoretical saturation criteria. Finally, the analysis of research findings has led to the design of a model in which users’ need are introduced as a causal variable and operational segment reporting of the Iranian banking industry as a central point. Due to the underlying and intervention conditions and leading strategies, promoting the usefulness of financial reporting in the banking industry has been introduced as a consequence of the designed model. The results of this study can be an appropriate basis for the body of standard committee and regulators in order to formulate how to disclose information of operational segments in the Iranian banking industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1422 - Determining the optimal response of Feynman-Kak stochastic-financial equation based on Jacobi and Irfoil expansion
Sayed Mohammad AlaviSheshamd Shadan SediqBehzadiAbstractIn this paper, we solve the Feynman-Kac equation using the collocation method with Jacobi and Airfoil bases. This partial differential equation is one of the most important and widely used random equations in financial mathematics. Due to the increasing demand i MoreAbstractIn this paper, we solve the Feynman-Kac equation using the collocation method with Jacobi and Airfoil bases. This partial differential equation is one of the most important and widely used random equations in financial mathematics. Due to the increasing demand in applied sciences such as financial mathematics, economics and complexity in modeling, data analysis and calculation, significant efforts have been made in search of better mathematical models to obtain approximate solutions to the modeled equations in recent years. It is well established that many of the systems encountered in the new era cannot be represented by ordinary differential equations in the traditional way or by the model of random differential equations. This equation offers a solution for quadratic partial differential equations and stochastic differential equations. Applications of this formula in the field of random control, financial mathematics, risk analysis and related fields can be mentioned. In this paper, by applying numerical methods to the Feynman-Kac equation, nonlinear devices are obtained that can be solved by numerical methods for solving nonlinear devices, such as Newton's iterative method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1423 - The Model for Contributing Factors to FinTech Implementation in Banking System of the Country Using the Blended Approach
Farideh Mohammadi Roya Darabi Hossein BadieiAbstract This paper aims to identify and present a model for contributing factors to FinTech implementation in the country's Banking system using the blended approach. Using the blended approach, the scholar first (in the qualitative section) analyzed 30 specialists i MoreAbstract This paper aims to identify and present a model for contributing factors to FinTech implementation in the country's Banking system using the blended approach. Using the blended approach, the scholar first (in the qualitative section) analyzed 30 specialists in the banking system in several phases. Second, in the quantitative section, by using the smart PLS Software and structural equation approach, the effectiveness of variables is assessed by distributing a questionnaire among 267 employees of Bank RefahKargaran. The results show that “economic governance of the state”, “culture building and training”, “structural preparation”, “banking system transparency”, and “facilities and incentives” can affect FinTech implementation in the Banking system. Further, quantitative phase analyses show that all research constructs, In the form of five hypotheses, directly contribute to the FinTech implementation in the financial system. Since the traditional banking in the world is about to change into digital-evolution banking; this paper is concerned with one of the significant digital banking events, FinTech. in the FinTech area, few studies have presented on the implementation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1424 - Providing Three-Dimensional Composite Model (Financial, Economic, Sustainability) in predicting Companies' Financial Distress
احمد برگ بید علی جعفری hasan salehnejadFinancial distress is a serious issue for the economic life of countries and forecasting distress for various groups including managers, banks, investors, policymakers and auditors is of great importance. The purpose of this study is to provide a combined three-dimensio MoreFinancial distress is a serious issue for the economic life of countries and forecasting distress for various groups including managers, banks, investors, policymakers and auditors is of great importance. The purpose of this study is to provide a combined three-dimensional model (financial, economic, sustainability), two-dimensional model (financial and economic) and one-dimensional (financial) in predicting financial distress of companies and also comparing the predictive power of models with component analysis approach. It is the principle that using the post-event approach (through past information) is of the descriptive-correlation type and based on the objectives is also of the applied research type. Also, the statistical population and spatial scope of this research, listed companies and its time domain. Using the systematic removal method, 113 listed companies were selected as a sample. The results showed that the three-dimensional hybrid model (financial, economic, sustainability) has a high predictive power for helplessness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1425 - Application of Market Timing Theory and Nonlinear Relation of Revised Pecking Order Theory to Corporate Capital Structure
Amin Heydari Mahmoud Hemmat far Mohammad Hassan JananiAbstract In this research, using the market timing theory and the revised theory of pecking order, the factors affecting the choice of financing method are identified and prioritized. In this study, data of 183 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were collect MoreAbstract In this research, using the market timing theory and the revised theory of pecking order, the factors affecting the choice of financing method are identified and prioritized. In this study, data of 183 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were collected. To collect information and data, the library method was used and in order to investigate the relationships between variables and test the hypotheses, the multiple regression model in Eviews software version 10 was used. The main hypotheses of this research are based on the fact that in order to make management decisions about the optimal capital structure of the company, we can act based on the model of market timing theory and revised theory of pecking order. In the results of this study, the companies in order to finance themselves, in fact, follow the theory of pecking order and market timing. The research findings show a non-linear ᴜ shape relationship between debt and deficit changes and a direct linear relationship between capital and deficit changes. Also, testing the model related to market timing shows a positive and significant relationship between the weighted average of external financing and capital structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1426 - Ownership Structure, Political Uncertainty, and Asymmetric Cost Behavior
SAEID EBRAHIMI Omid Faraji meysam arabzadeh Mostafa Ezadpur F. MohammadrezaeiAbstract The present research investigated the relationship between political uncertainty (presidential elections) and asymmetric cost behavior and the moderating effect of ownership type (state versus private). The sample consisted of 325 Iranian companies (1,990 obse MoreAbstract The present research investigated the relationship between political uncertainty (presidential elections) and asymmetric cost behavior and the moderating effect of ownership type (state versus private). The sample consisted of 325 Iranian companies (1,990 observations) listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the Iran Over the Counter. Data were analyzed using panel data and OLS multiple regression with robust standard errors. The results showed that the asymmetric behavior of selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) costs is linear during times of political uncertainty (presidential election years), but sticky in non-election years. In other words, costs decrease less than the increase in non-election years. The results also indicated the sticky cost behavior of state-owned firms and the linear (non-sticky) cost behavior of private-owned firms in election years, with state-owned firms exhibiting greater cost stickiness in election years than in non-election years. Additional tests showed that the cost behavior of goods sold is anti-sticky in both election and non-election years, with a greater degree of anti-stickiness in election years. Moreover, in state-owned and private-owned companies, this behavior was non-sticky in both election and non-election years, and state firms exhibited greater anti-stickiness in election years compared to non-election years and private-owned firms. Finally, the behavior of operating costs in both periods was linear and was not significantly different for state-owned and private-owned firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1427 - تفاوتهای فردی و قضاوت حرفه ای حسابرس
مسلم سعیدی گراغانی احمد ناصری -
Open Access Article
1428 - The Effect of Auditing Quality on Companies' Value Added with Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Social Responsibility
نویدرضا نمازی حسن اسماعیل پورAudit quality is very important. Audit quality is one of the most important issues in auditing that laws, standards, auditing firms and academic researchers seek to determine its indicators. This affects the market value of companies and is so important that in addition MoreAudit quality is very important. Audit quality is one of the most important issues in auditing that laws, standards, auditing firms and academic researchers seek to determine its indicators. This affects the market value of companies and is so important that in addition to auditors and researchers, it also forces users of audited financial statements to explore reports to gain more confidence. Social responsibility affects the value creation of companies,Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of audit quality on companies' value added (market value added and economic value added) with emphasis on the mediating role of social responsibility in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of this research is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the statistical sample includes 101 listed companies (1010 years-company) in the period 2009 to 2019.In order to analyze the data, structural equivalence method (SEM), SPSS and Smart PLS softwares has been used. The results showed that in Tehran Stock Exchange, auditing quality has a positive and significant effect on value added(Market value added and economic value added) as well as, social responsibility. In addition, social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on the value added of companies. Another finding of the study is that social responsibility, as a mediating variable, affects the relationship between audit quality and value added of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange andIts mediating role is confirmed.The results indicate thatwith increasing social responsibility, the performance of companies is greatly improved. Auditors will use these findings to play a better role in social responsibility and managers to select better economic performance criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1429 - The Factors Affecting on the Auditor's Opinion than Going Concern
Mojtaba Safi Pour Afshar Ahmad Sadegh Soltani Nejad Ebrahim Soltani NejadAbstract Investors and stock holders decide about their long-term investments based on confidence in financial statements and audit report. Auditing has been a mechanism for controlling agency problem and conflict of interests for a long time. Auditors should inlist in MoreAbstract Investors and stock holders decide about their long-term investments based on confidence in financial statements and audit report. Auditing has been a mechanism for controlling agency problem and conflict of interests for a long time. Auditors should inlist in her report evidence of customer’s inability to continue its operations. This research aims to investigate the factors affecting going concern audit opinion, such as: audit tenure, audit lag, auditor opinion shopping, liquidity ratio and leverage ratio.This a applied research and its type is a correlation investigation, multi variate and logistic regression have been used for hypothesis testing. Research sample consists of 160 firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).Findings from testing the hypotheses showed that the ratio of financial leverage increases the level of skepticism about the continuity of activity. Also, opinion shopping is a factor that has a negative relationship with going concern opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1430 - The Relationship between the Product Market Competition and Information Asymmetry; Structural Equation Modeling Approach
اکبر کنعانی رضوان حجازی مهرداد قنبری بابک جمشیدی نویدSince competition in the product market is one of the factors influencing the decisions of managers and investors, it is therefore considered as an important component in the reduction of information asymmetry in terms of insiders and outsiders decision making.The purpo MoreSince competition in the product market is one of the factors influencing the decisions of managers and investors, it is therefore considered as an important component in the reduction of information asymmetry in terms of insiders and outsiders decision making.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competition in product market on information asymmetry.The statistical population of this research is the companies accepted in the TSE by using structural equation modeling approach. In order to measure the level of competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and to measure the information asymmetry, Bid-Ask criteria and firm size, earning forecast error and growth opportunities was used. After assuring the ability to measure the information asymmetry variable by the indicated indicators as well as the appropriate fit for the measurement and structural model of the research, the results indicate that the level of competition in the product market has a significant effect on the information asymmetry. In other words, with increasing competition in the product market, information asymmetry decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1431 - Presenting a Model for Financial Disorder Index with Emphasis on Financial Risk
Mehdi Shahmoradi Farhad Hanifi Zadallah FathiAbstract From a theoretical point of view, the meaning of financial disorder is to try to reduce the opportunistic behavior of managers; Therefore, it seems that many companies are involved in financial irregularities, and for this reason, it is very important to deter MoreAbstract From a theoretical point of view, the meaning of financial disorder is to try to reduce the opportunistic behavior of managers; Therefore, it seems that many companies are involved in financial irregularities, and for this reason, it is very important to determine the factors affecting the level of financial irregularities in companies, for this purpose, the indigenous model of Hanifi et al. (2022) was used. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among experts to ask the opinion of the experts about the weight and importance of the criteria considered for measuring the financial irregularity of the company, and the weight and importance of the criteria were determined using one of the methods of the multi-criteria decision-making model (Shannon's entropy). Also, in order to measure the relationships of the hidden variable, which in this research is financial irregularity, confirmatory factor analysis was used; Also, in this research, we will try to measure the impact of financial risk on the presented model of financial disorder. Therefore, in this research, data from 167 companies during the years 1390 to 1400 has been used. The obtained results show that the proposed model is a suitable indicator for financial disorder. Also, the results include that financial risk increases financial irregularity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1432 - The Impact of Cash Flow Asymmetric Sensitivity on Relationship between Financing Constraints and Conditional Conservatism
یداله تاری وردی ندا عمادیانThis study reviewed the impact of cash flow asymmetric sensitivity on relationship between financing constraints and conditional conservatism in listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In this study, 138 firms of Tehran Stock Exchange were evaluated. To test the hy MoreThis study reviewed the impact of cash flow asymmetric sensitivity on relationship between financing constraints and conditional conservatism in listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In this study, 138 firms of Tehran Stock Exchange were evaluated. To test the hypothesis, themultiple linear regression modelswere used. The findings show that financing constraints have a positive& meaningful impact onconditional conservatism.AlsoCash flow asymmetric sensitivitydoesn't have positive &meaningful impact on conditional conservatism. In addition, Cash flow asymmetric sensitivity does not have a positive & meaningful impact on relationship between financing constraints and conditional conservatism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1433 - Detection of Factors Affecting the Ranking of Auditing Firms
Farrokh Boostani Roya DarabiAbstract This article examines the factors influencing the ranking of auditing firms from the perspective of auditing experts. One of the most important ways to improve the quality of auditing in the country is more transparency by auditors and regulators and their coo MoreAbstract This article examines the factors influencing the ranking of auditing firms from the perspective of auditing experts. One of the most important ways to improve the quality of auditing in the country is more transparency by auditors and regulators and their cooperation with academics in the common goal of better understanding the various drivers of audit quality. Many researchers and experts consider auditing a communication process that Performed on its audience, the role of auditing is as a mechanism to certify management accountability and oversight. The Exchange and Securities Organization has classified the stock exchange trusted audit firms into four categories. The ranking of trusted auditing firms of the stock exchange indicates that the quality of trusted auditing firms of the "first" category is higher than that of trusted auditing firms of other classes. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the ranking of auditing firms. In order to achieve this goal, the factors affecting the ranking of auditing firms from various aspects, including: individual characteristics of auditors and organizational structure factors of auditing firms and influential cultural and social factors, economic factors and other related factors have been examined. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire was used and the opinion of experts was used. In this research, fuzzy Delphi method has been used to extract the main and key criteria related to the ranking of auditing firms. The agreement percentage of all the included variables is more than 70%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1434 - Designing a Model of Corporate Governance Characteristics with an Interactive Approach to Strategic Management Accounting and Management Accounting
Mohammadreza Sahari Zahra PourzamaniAbstractThe purpose of this study is to "designing a model of corporate governance characteristics with an interactive approach to strategic management accounting ". In this regard, while reviewing the concepts of corporate governance, management accounting, strategic m MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to "designing a model of corporate governance characteristics with an interactive approach to strategic management accounting ". In this regard, while reviewing the concepts of corporate governance, management accounting, strategic management accounting, company size and organizational life cycle by interviewing experts in the field of management accounting with a focus on corporate governance by qualitative analysis to design a model of corporate governance with an interactive management accounting approach We dealt with strategic and accounting management and identification of metrics and components. The study population includes managers and heads and university professors of management accounting with a focus on corporate governance. The sample size includes 24 experts in the field of management accounting with a focus on corporate governance, which was selected by theoretical saturation method and to collect data in this study, semi-structured interviews and Delphi method were used. The results of qualitative analysis by Maxqda software showed that the dimensions and components of the corporate governance characteristics model with an interactive approach to strategic management accounting and management accounting 1- Corporate governance characteristics (members, ownership, information resources, future plans and employment, transactions and comments) And 2- Components of strategic management accounting (strategic, evaluation and monitoring, analysis) and 3- Components of management accounting (activity, quality, analysis, evaluation and improvement, organizational strategy management). Also, 35 indicators for these components were finally approved by experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1435 - The Impact of the Risk Committee on the Quality Financial Reporting and Auditing Fees
Saeed Omidi Kordsholi Mohammad reza PajoohiAbstract Risk Management Committee alone obliges auditors to conduct more regular audits and call for escalated levels of audit oversight. In other words, external auditors are obliged to dig deeper into financial statements which is more time consuming and incurs high MoreAbstract Risk Management Committee alone obliges auditors to conduct more regular audits and call for escalated levels of audit oversight. In other words, external auditors are obliged to dig deeper into financial statements which is more time consuming and incurs higher audit fees. The risk management committee may also encourage companies to allocate sufficient resources to their internal control systems and place them at the center of attention, which should in turn lead to more reliable financial statements. The present study was an attempt to investigate the impact of the risk management committee on the quality of financial reporting and auditing fees. To this end, a sample of 103 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange was selected. The panel data method and principal component analysis (carried out within the framework of R statistical software) were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the risk management committee has no significant effect on the quality of financial reporting and auditing fees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1436 - تأثیر جریانهای نقدی آزاد مازاد، نظام راهبری شرکتی و اندازه شرکت بر پیش بینی پذیری سود
ناصر ایزدی نیا وحید رو ح الهی -
Open Access Article
1437 - Independence of the Internal Auditor; Approaches to Processes that Reduce the Silence and Courage of Internal Auditors
جواد بابایی خلیلی محمدرضا عبدلی حسن ولیانThis study examines the effect of reducing processes in organizational silence of companies on the ethical courage of internal auditors. It is conducted based on a survey-correlation method. Furthermore, it also focused on the responses of 183 accepted internal auditors MoreThis study examines the effect of reducing processes in organizational silence of companies on the ethical courage of internal auditors. It is conducted based on a survey-correlation method. Furthermore, it also focused on the responses of 183 accepted internal auditors on the stock exchange. Then, partial least squares analysis method was used for the findings in 5 frameworks. Moreover, items like positive statesalong with being independent in doing internal auditing responsibilities and perceived support of the supervisor on courage of internal auditors were carefully considered.Findings show that self-efficacy, level of hope, resilience and perceived support of the supervisor on courage of internal auditors have positive and significant effect as the reducing processes in organizational silence of companies on the ethical courage of internal auditors. Finally, it was concluded that more perceived support of the supervisor will end up to more courage on the behavior of such auditors in their performances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1438 - The Evaluation of Financial Performance of Investment Companies in Iran
سپیده سادات نصیری غلامرضا سلیمانی امیریAbstract Investment is one of the most important issues in society. Many investors decide to purchase of shares of investment companies due to lack of expertise in direct investment. So, it is very important to recognize, analyze and evaluate the performance of these c MoreAbstract Investment is one of the most important issues in society. Many investors decide to purchase of shares of investment companies due to lack of expertise in direct investment. So, it is very important to recognize, analyze and evaluate the performance of these companies. The purpose of the this paper is to investigate and categorize the activities of investment companies in Iran, to assess the more accurate way to evaluate the performance of these companies and to provide an approach for evaluating performance according to all the fields of activity of these companies. For this purpose, the information of investment companies of Tehran Stock Exchange was investigated. The activities were divided into three general categories of exchanged, non-exchanged and project investment, and the financial performance was measured by two criteria including ROA and Q Tobin’s ratio. Finally information was examined by econometric techniques. The results of analysis using Q Tobin’s ratio indicates that exchanged investments have the greatest impact on the firm's performance, which is because information is available to investors easily and allows them to evaluate and analyze them completely, while the other two fields of the activities, despite the importance, are less considered by investors because of insufficient information. The results of analysis using ROA showed that exchanged & project investments have important impacts on financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1439 - Explaining the Appropriate Model of Investors Risk Power Based on Personality Characteristics
سید پوریا میربزرگی محمود همت فر محمدحسن جنانیAbstract Economic agents are not rational against neoclassical theories, and do not act rationally because of their preferences or because of cognitive errors. Unreasonable factors such as personality traits, culture, religion and ideology of emotions, opinions of othe MoreAbstract Economic agents are not rational against neoclassical theories, and do not act rationally because of their preferences or because of cognitive errors. Unreasonable factors such as personality traits, culture, religion and ideology of emotions, opinions of others and so on. Among the factors that play an important role in the behavior and reaction of individuals in different decision making situations, the purpose of this study is to explain the appropriate model of stock investor risk-taking power based on personality characteristics using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The purpose of this study is applied research and is in the category of causal research. The research population included experts and investors who used a 35-item questionnaire to identify the indices that were validated and validated after data collection. Was used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed using SPSS software (PLS) for data analysis. According to the data analysis, the findings and statistical data of this study show that the four dimensions of personality sub-factors have a significant and positive effect on investor risk-taking, so it can be concluded that the personality and risk-taking of investors can be concluded. There is a strong relationship with the results of the present study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1440 - The Effect of Risk Management on the Relationship between Market Orientation Strategy and Entrepreneurial Orientation Strategy with Company Risk
Seyed Reza Hosseini Kaveh Azinfar iman dadashi Reza FallahAbstractIn the science of management and accounting, there is a principle that in the culture of investment, capital is free from risk and tends towards yield and profit. Therefore, according to the importance of investing in companies, in the current research, the mode MoreAbstractIn the science of management and accounting, there is a principle that in the culture of investment, capital is free from risk and tends towards yield and profit. Therefore, according to the importance of investing in companies, in the current research, the moderating effect of risk management on the relationship between market orientation strategies and entrepreneurship of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, which were analyzed using the systematic elimination sampling method of 127 companies. and were analyzed. To check the hypothesis, multivariate regression models and panel data method (fixed effects) were used using Eviews10 software. The findings of this study about the results of the first hypothesis show that risk management has a positive effect on the relationship between market orientation strategy with unsystematic risk and abnormal returns, but it has a moderating effect on the relationship between market orientation strategy and risk. It is not systematic. The results regarding the second hypothesis also indicate the impact of risk management on the relationship between the strategy of entrepreneurship with systematic risk, systematic risk of failure and abnormal returns, and this impact was positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1441 - The Effects of Accountants' Perceptions of Ethical Climate Fit on their Organizational Attitudes: Social-Cognitive Theory
Mohammad Nazaripour babak zakizadehAbstract The ethical climate fit is one of the unique aspects of the professional identity of accountants. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effects of accountants' perceptions of the organizational ethical climate on their organizational attitudes usin MoreAbstract The ethical climate fit is one of the unique aspects of the professional identity of accountants. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effects of accountants' perceptions of the organizational ethical climate on their organizational attitudes using social-cognitive theory. The present study is practical in nature and is considered as a descriptive-exploratory correlation study. The required data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires among 305 accountants. The time period of this study is the second season of year 2022. The research data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method. According to the research findings, (1) Individual differences (self-efficacy and locus of control) have a positive and significant effect on the ethical climate fit. (2) The locus of control has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. (3) The ethical climate fit has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. (4) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. Also, in this study, the effects of four control variables (number of job changes, number of employer changes, job level, and adjustment) on three variables of compatibility with the ethical climate fit, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. For example, the adjustment has a positive and significant effect on all three mentioned variables. Finally, the attitudes and beliefs of accountants towards senior managers are strongly influenced by the ethical climate fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1442 - The Effect of Auditor Selection on the quality of Financial Reporting
Mohammad Hosein Fatheh Elahe Bagheri Meysam JafaripourAbstract Choosing an auditor is one of the most important decisions made by the shareholders of a company. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of auditor selection on the quality of financial reporting of companies adm MoreAbstract Choosing an auditor is one of the most important decisions made by the shareholders of a company. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of auditor selection on the quality of financial reporting of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the information of 133 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange was extracted based on the research variables through the Rahvard Nowin software and analyzed with the help of the regression of the generalized least squares method with the panel data approach and in the form of fixed effects. In order to measure the quality of financial reporting, discretionary accruals adjusted based on performance have been used. The results of the research hypothesis test showed that the selection of the auditor has a positive and significant effect on the quality of financial reporting of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, and the research hypothesis is confirmed at the 95% confidence level. In other words, the selection of auditors with higher quality and trained staff leads to an increase in audit quality and subsequently to an increase in the quality of financial reporting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1443 - The Relationship between Policy Uncertainty and Accounting for Encrypted Financial Assets
Yazdan Gudarzi Farahani Babak Esmaeili Omidali AdeliAbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between policy uncertainty and cryptocurrencies with the financial accounting approach of cryptocurrency assets. The political uncertainty index was calculated based on the approach of Becker et al MoreAbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between policy uncertainty and cryptocurrencies with the financial accounting approach of cryptocurrency assets. The political uncertainty index was calculated based on the approach of Becker et al. (2016) in terms of monetary, financial and exchange rate policy dimensions for the countries of Iran, China, the United States and the United Kingdom, and its relationship with the cryptocurrencies market ,Bitcoin, was evaluated. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate this relationship using the financial accounting approach of cryptocurrencies assets, the most important of which is Bitcoin. The time period of this study was 2012-2021 based on the frequency of monthly data. The results obtained from this estimation of the general method of movement model indicated that the index of political uncertainty in China, America, England and Iran had a positive relationship with the monthly yield of cryptocurrencies and only the number of interruptions of the variable's influence was different. . Therefore, investors in the cryptocurrencies market can have a higher expected return by accepting the risk caused by political uncertainty and predicting the state of macroeconomic variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1444 - The Moderating Effect of Auditor's Reputation on the Relationship between Audit Fee and the Incidence of Accounting Misstatements
Hassan Yari Rafik baghomianAbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of auditor' reputation on the relationship between audit fee and the incidence of accounting misstatements. In this regard, we analyzed financial statements of 107 companies listed in Tehran St MoreAbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of auditor' reputation on the relationship between audit fee and the incidence of accounting misstatements. In this regard, we analyzed financial statements of 107 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The present study is an applied research and was conducted by descriptive-correlation method. In this study, Dependent variable is accounting misstatements and equals 1 if the firm subsequently restates its current year financial statements, otherwise zero. The audit fee and the auditor's reputation are the independent and moderating variables of the research, respectively.Hypothesis testing was carried out through logistic regression model.The results indicated thataudit feehas a negative and significant relationship with the incidence of accounting misstatements and charging high (low) audit fee by auditor reduces (increases) the incidence of accounting misstatements and these findings is stronger in relation to audit firms that have a high reputation. In other words, the auditor's high reputation exacerbates the negative relationship between audit fee and the incidence of accounting misstatements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1445 - The Survey of Operating Cash Flows’ Ability to Meature Firm Performance during Periods of Financial Crises with Emphasis on Disclosure Qualification
رضا صید خانی عطاالله محمدی ملقرنی پیمان امینیAbstractChoosing the right index to evaluate performance has always been one of the ‎most challenging topics in the field of capital market studies. Proving the ‎ability of accounting profits or its derivatives to evaluate corporate ‎performance and excellen MoreAbstractChoosing the right index to evaluate performance has always been one of the ‎most challenging topics in the field of capital market studies. Proving the ‎ability of accounting profits or its derivatives to evaluate corporate ‎performance and excellence in competing with other criteria is one of the ‎major concerns of accounting researchers and investors. While profits are a ‎major source of cash flow and wealth generation, the results of many studies ‎have shown that operating cash flows seem to be more important in valuations ‎apparently. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the ‎capability and superiority of operating cash flow (OCF) in performance ‎appraisal on earning per share (EPS). The statistical population of the present ‎study includes all non-financial corporations listed in Tehran Stock Exchange ‎. According to ‎Zmijewski’s bankruptcy model, the firms of ‎the sample are divided into two groups: safety (healthy) and financial ‎distressed companies and research’s time period is divided into two parts as ‎normal and crises period. Based on the selected sample and the use of multiple ‎regression tests, the research findings show that before disclosure quality ‎index, the EPS criterion outperforms the OCF criterion. However, in the ‎absence of disclosure quality, naturally due to uncertainty, performance ‎measurement based on operating cash flows becomes more important than the ‎EP Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1446 - An Analysis of Auditors Capability on Fraud Detection Using the Planned Behavior Theory Perspective: the Impact of Auditors Experience and Personality Type with Respect to the Role of Professional Skepticism
Leila Alizadegan Mahmoud Samadi Largani Mohsen ImeniAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate to an analysis of auditors capability on fraud detection using the planned behavior theory perspective and the impact of auditors experience and personality type with respect to the mediating role of professional skep MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate to an analysis of auditors capability on fraud detection using the planned behavior theory perspective and the impact of auditors experience and personality type with respect to the mediating role of professional skepticism in Iran by referring to opinion of professional accounting including auditors working in the auditing organization and auditing firms that are members of the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants. The impacts of auditors experience and personality type were obtained through a questionnaire on a five-option Likert scale. The designed questionnaire was distributed among 333 members of ICPA of which 302 were suitable for use in this study. Structural equation method (SEM) was used to investigate the effects of specific variables, and partial least squares (PLS) approach was used to analyze the model. The results showed that the types of auditors' personality types,auditors experience, and professional skepticism, have a positive and significant relationship directly on the auditors' ability to detect financial statements fraud. Also, personality type and auditors experience have an indirect and positive relationship with respect to the mediating role of professional skepticism on the detection of fraud in financial statements. According to the research findings, Auditors increase the ability to detect fraud by identifying and eliminating the constraints caused by the factors that lead to fraud regarding the effective role of occupational experience and personality type with respect to the mediatating role of professional skeptic. the more professional skeptics auditors are during the audit, the more willing they are to seek information about the signs of fraud and hence the greater their ability to detect fraud. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1447 - Investigating the Relationship between VAT and Consistency of Procedure, Uniformity and Substance over Form of Accounting Information
Sara Yousefzadeh Ghodratollah Talebnia Jalil BeytariAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between VAT and consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information. The statistical population of this study includes VAT experts and specialists and experts of th MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between VAT and consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information. The statistical population of this study includes VAT experts and specialists and experts of the Tax Affairs Organization and corporate taxpayers. 328 questionnaires were examined using questionnaires extracted by Likert scale Have been reviewed. Its validity was also assessed by Cronbach's alpha and Amos software was used to analyze the data. The results of the VAT relationship test with each of the independent variables separately indicate that all hypotheses have been confirmed with 95% confidence. The results of this study indicate a direct relationship between VAT and consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information. The results indicate that having consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information improves the quality of VAT accounting. These results can be used by the auditing organization, the tax administration, the managers and chief accountants, and the financial staff to conduct financial operations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1448 - Developing a Model for Audit Documentation Quality based on Grounded Theory Approach
زهرا حمصیان کاشانی زهره حاجیها حسین جهانگیرنیا رضا غلامی جمکرانیIn recent years, the quality of audit documentation and its impact on audit quality in auditing standards (such as PCAOB Standard 3) has received more attention. According to auditing standards, audit documentation is the record of audit procedures performed relevant au MoreIn recent years, the quality of audit documentation and its impact on audit quality in auditing standards (such as PCAOB Standard 3) has received more attention. According to auditing standards, audit documentation is the record of audit procedures performed relevant audit evidence obtained, and conclusions the auditor reached. The importance of audit documentation is determined by the need to provide evidence that corroborates the auditor's opinion, as well as to provide information about the various stages of the audit process. The present study aims to design a model of audit documentation quality with a grounded theorizing approach. The research method is qualitative. In order to conduct in-depth and semi-structured interviews, 16 partners of audit firms, directors of the audit organization and financial managers of companies were selected through a purposeful process. The research findings were identified as a paradigm model with 14 categories for causal conditions, 6 categories for context conditions, 6 categories for intervening conditions, 6 categories for strategy and 3 categories for consequences related to the main research phenomenon. The results showed that the quality of audit documentation and its evaluation is complex and multifaceted in nature and in addition to personality and auditor characteristics, it is also affected by the micro and macro environment around the audit field. Accordingly, in order to comprehensively examine the issue, various aspects have been examined in developing the quality model of audit documentation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1449 - Challenges of Applying the Requirements of Accounting Standard of Employee Retirement Benefits (NO.33)
محمدرضا عالمی ولی خدادادی سید علی واعظ علی حسین حسین زادهDespite the importance of identifying retirement benefit obligations and the challenges associated with them, the application of the requirements of this standard has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study is assessing the Challenges of applying MoreDespite the importance of identifying retirement benefit obligations and the challenges associated with them, the application of the requirements of this standard has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study is assessing the Challenges of applying the requirements of accounting Standard of Iranian accounting Standard of employee retirement benefits (NO.33). using mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thus, in the first phase, In order to evaluate the level of compliance with requirements of accounting Standard by companies, financial statement information and auditor report were analyzed using the statistical method of binomial tset. In the second phase, in order to assessing the Challenges of applying the requirements of accounting Standard, questionnaires and interviews were used to obtain expert opinions.The results of the first phase of the study ndicate that the requirements of the standard have not been operational. In addition, the results of the second phase of the study ndicate that all the requirements are understandable and lead to proper representation of information and all requirements except for the requirements of Actuarial calculations are efficient. Also in all aspects examined, the requirements of standard NO.33 are not enough. As for the operational requirements of the standard results of the survey, indicate that some of the requirements have challenged the implementation of Standard 33. Such as calculating the benefits of retirement based on actuarial, Due to the lack of actuarial standards and lack of knowledge in the field of actuarial, also Calculations of the fair value of assets, Due to the Lack of markets for some assets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1450 - Financial Status and Future Stock Price Crash Risk; The Importance of Firm’s Internal Control Quality
Abolfazl Momeni Yanesari Abstract Stock price crash is referred to as the risk of a huge decline in stock prices upon some sudden release of negative information in the market. In a general sense, the formation and change of stock prices are the result of the comprehensive effect of ma More Abstract Stock price crash is referred to as the risk of a huge decline in stock prices upon some sudden release of negative information in the market. In a general sense, the formation and change of stock prices are the result of the comprehensive effect of macroeconomic political and economic factors, industry factors, internal operating conditions of enterprises and emergency events. this study aims to investigate the association between Firm’ Financial Status and Future stock price crash risk with emphasis on the role of firm’s Internal Control Quality. to do so, the research hypotheses were tested using the data of 126 firms listed in Tehran Stocks Exchange, as well as logistic regression analysis. the results of testing the hypotheses showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between Firm’ Financial Status and Future stock price crash risk. Furthermore, the research findings indicate that firm’s internal control quality exacerbates the negative relationship between Financial Status and Future stock price crash risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1451 - The Effect of Cultural Factors on Cost Stickiness
Sadegh Hamehkhani Ramazanali RoyaeiAbstractIn the accounting literature, attention has been paid to understanding how differences in national culture affect the outcomes and consequences of accounting and financial markets, so much of the research done in this area focuses on examining the impact of cult MoreAbstractIn the accounting literature, attention has been paid to understanding how differences in national culture affect the outcomes and consequences of accounting and financial markets, so much of the research done in this area focuses on examining the impact of culture on broad management and reporting decisions. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to study the objective evidence of the relationship between small cultures on the cost-stickiness phenomenon. The statistical population of the study was 104 companies listed on the stock exchange during a 6-year period from 2014 to 2020. The research methodology is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of its implementation, descriptive, survey and correlation type. Also, in order to analyze the data of the research using EVIEWS 9 and SPSS software, the results of hypothesis testing indicate that between the microcrops (masculinity / femininity, individualism / collectivism, power distance and avoidance of uncertainty) on the adhesion phenomenon Cost with a 99% confidence is significant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1452 - Providing a Sustainability Reporting Framework based on Balancing Stakeholder Expectations and Company Capacity
Younes Ahmadzade Mahdi Maranjory Razieh Alikhani Yousef TaghipouryanAbstract Many stakeholders, Current reporting In relation to corporate sustainability they consider it insufficient for their needs. Therefore, this is important to create a gap between Stakeholder expectations and corporate performance in reporting is sustained. There MoreAbstract Many stakeholders, Current reporting In relation to corporate sustainability they consider it insufficient for their needs. Therefore, this is important to create a gap between Stakeholder expectations and corporate performance in reporting is sustained. Therefore, this study seeks to provide a providing a sustainability reporting Framework based on balancing stakeholder expectations and company capacity. In this study, 138 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been studied, the method of this research is survey and its sampling is purposeful. To study the model, Cronbach's alpha, hybrid, shared and convergent reliability methods were used, and to fit the model, factor loads, path significance, and finally paired t-test were used. SPSS and Smart PLS software were also used for data analysis.Findings show that out of 169 components studied (classified in 11 groups), 85 components (for sustainability disclosure) have been expected by stakeholders and in all groups except the index class of the organization, between the current situation and the case There was a significant difference in stakeholder expectations, Finally, after creating a balance between the components, a model consisting of 60 components was presented in the form of a balanced company stability report. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1453 - Assessing the Familiarity of Accounting Phd Students with Research Methodology in Iran
یاسمن علی اصفهانی زهرا دیانتی دیلمی فاطمه صرافAbstract Due to the importance of researchers' aristocracy in research methodology, in order to conduct innovative and effective research, the present study seeks to examine the familiarity of doctoral students with research methodology in accounting. This paper is des MoreAbstract Due to the importance of researchers' aristocracy in research methodology, in order to conduct innovative and effective research, the present study seeks to examine the familiarity of doctoral students with research methodology in accounting. This paper is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. In order to conduct this research, a 60-item questionnaire was used in year 2020 regarding the level of familiarity of 178 PhD students in entrance year 2017 of public, Azad and Pardis universities with the methodology. The sampling method in the first stage is stratified random sampling that determines the number of samples in each floor (including three public, Azad and pardis floors) and in the second place the questionnaire using cluster sampling with respect to the ratios Distributed among PhD students in selected universities. One-sample mean test, One way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) & Scheffe test were used to conduct this research. Findings of this study show that the level of knowledge of accounting Phd students about research methodology is at a weak and undesirable level & Phd students in accounting at public universities are more familiar with research methodology than students at the Azad universities & Pardis universities. The findings of this study indicate the need to strengthen the research strength of accounting students and pay more attention to the course of research methods and aristocracy to research methodology in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1454 - Modeling to Predict the Liquidity Risk of Iran's Government Banks Using Artificial Neural Networks and Accounting Indicators
Mahdi Khosroyani Farzaneh HeydarpoorAbstractOne of the most important risks of bank is liquidity risk, so banks must have appropriate information systems to measure, predict and control liquidity risk. Banks manage their liquidity risk using different tools and methods, depending on the conditions and typ MoreAbstractOne of the most important risks of bank is liquidity risk, so banks must have appropriate information systems to measure, predict and control liquidity risk. Banks manage their liquidity risk using different tools and methods, depending on the conditions and type of activity. Despite the fundamental differences in the size, type of activity and structure of Government owned banks,is it possible to model and forecast the liquidity risk of state banks? To answer this question in this study, using the accounting information of Government banks in Iran, and the research accounting indicators were calculated and liquidity risk was modeled by the multilayer perceptron neural network. Then, the difference between the results of the model and the real data was measured by MSE. The research results showed that the designed model can be used to predict the liquidity risk of Iran's Government owned banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1455 - Modelling the Determinants of Formation of Informal Companies in Iran Tax System
Mehdi Mousapour Lafmejani Ahmad YaghoubnehadAbstract There is a problem called formal and paper companies that has been plaguing economic activists across the country for some time. These companies exist, but others benefit from them.The purpose of this study is to present a model of factors affecting the format MoreAbstract There is a problem called formal and paper companies that has been plaguing economic activists across the country for some time. These companies exist, but others benefit from them.The purpose of this study is to present a model of factors affecting the formation of paper companies in the country's tax system.Methodologically, this research is considered in the category of mix method, because two groups of participants were present in the form of qualitative and quantitative sections. In this study, a questionnaire and the method of structural equations were used. The results in a quantitative part in the form of presenting the model of this research showed that the use of foreign exchange tariffs by creating face to face in capital is the most effective factor for the development and formation of face-to-face companies in the country's tax system. According to the presented model, it is possible to identify fictitious companies to an acceptable extent and help to eliminate them and increase the transparency of the economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1456 - Corporate Governance Effect on Audit Report Lag in Iran Insurance Industry
امیر یلفانی ایرج نوروش قدرت اله طالب نیا عزت اله اصغری زادهAbstractCorporate governance is one of the effective factors on the companies’ performance in various industries. One of the factors affected by this parameter is the quality of proposing financial statements or audit report lag. This paper attempts to examine the MoreAbstractCorporate governance is one of the effective factors on the companies’ performance in various industries. One of the factors affected by this parameter is the quality of proposing financial statements or audit report lag. This paper attempts to examine the corporate governance relationship with the audit report lag in the insurance industry. The statistical population of the study was insurance companies active in Iran Insurance Industry and the statistical sample is insurance companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the listed insurance companies in the Tehran securities exchange were examined. From the time difference between The end of the financial. year and the date of the annual audit report have been used as a measure Of Audit Report Lag.In order to test the research hypotheses of multivariate regression statistical technique Based on composite data used.The results obtained from model showed that in insurance companies, management influence and the board independence, had significant and positive relationship with audit report lag. The results also indicated that institutional ownership had a negative. Overall, the results show that corporate governance factors had a significant relationship with the audit report lag. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1457 - Examine the Pressures and Ethical Dilemmas Availablect in the Audit Conflicont Cost & Quality (A Case Study of Small and Medium-Sized Audit Institutions Trusted Exchange)
مریم رخشی کاوه آذین فر سیدعلی نبوی چاشمی Considering the importance of ethical issues in audit judgments, this study focuses on analyzing pressures Received by the auditor in the professionand the auditor's ethical dilemmas in the audit conflict. In addition, this research identifies the conflict-of-inte More Considering the importance of ethical issues in audit judgments, this study focuses on analyzing pressures Received by the auditor in the professionand the auditor's ethical dilemmas in the audit conflict. In addition, this research identifies the conflict-of-interest factors (When the auditor is facedwith it). The statistical communities in this study are trusted audit firms that include 77 companies which are investigated in a complete way. The instrument for measuring this study is a researcher-made questionnaire that the information extracted from it was investigated based on (ANOVA) test. The present study aims to develop literature on the impact of pressure on the behavior of auditors, because in previous probes, usually the pressure received from the owner has been widely studied. In addition to the pressure received from the owner, this study highlights the pressures of the audit firms that could have an adverse effect on audit quality. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the auditor's experience and the auditor's pressure from the client, the pressure of the audit firm, and the ethical assessment of dilemmas and conflicts of interest solutions; however, the audit size did not show a significant relationship with these variables. In addition, based on the results, the significant relationship between the conflict-of-interest solutions as well as the ethical evaluation of the dilemmas (problems) with the pressure from the client and the pressure received by the audit firm are other results of this study. According to the results, compliance with ethical oversight and greater accuracy is suggested to improve audit quality by reducing moral conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1458 - Internationalization with a Networking Approach Is an Efficient Approach in the Development of Food Industry Businesses
mohamadreza parvazimoghadam davood samariAbstract The present research was conducted with the aim of designing an internationalization model based on the networking approach in the food industry using a qualitative method of the grounded theory type. The data of this research was derived from in-depth and sem MoreAbstract The present research was conducted with the aim of designing an internationalization model based on the networking approach in the food industry using a qualitative method of the grounded theory type. The data of this research was derived from in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 15 managers and experts of the food industry, which was based on targeted sampling depending on the selection criteria and continued until the theoretical saturation of this process was reached. The validity of the research data was checked and confirmed by going back to the participants and external auditors. Data analysis was done based on the Strauss and Corbin model in the form of open, axial, and selective coding in the Atlas TA 8 software. The results showed causal conditions (international development, production economy limitations and opportunities and challenges of change in the food industry), contextual conditions (content and structural capabilities and legal and scientific considerations), intervening conditions (political economy, environmental interventions and business development challenges) strategic conditions. (global development strategies, network creativity strategy, development of network resources and development of new products) consequences (improvement of brand social capital, development of international market and development of capabilities of food industry). It was also found that the application of international financial reporting standards improves the process of identifying and measuring transactions, assets and liabilities, increases the quality of presentation and disclosure of financial statement components, and the overall quality of financial reporting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1459 - Provide a Model for Exposing Corporate Sustainability and Evaluating Factors Related to Its Organizing Legitimacy Theory
مظفر پورخانی ذاکله بری آزیتا جهانشادThe purpose of this study is first to provide a model for corporate sustainability disclosure and then the impact of factors related to the theory of legitimacy on corporate sustainability reporting. In this research, 117 qualified companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange MoreThe purpose of this study is first to provide a model for corporate sustainability disclosure and then the impact of factors related to the theory of legitimacy on corporate sustainability reporting. In this research, 117 qualified companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been studied. To test the hypotheses, purposive sampling method and panel regression models have been applied. The research findings show that out of a total of 169 components studied 80 components are essential for the corporate sustainability model. Also, the sensitivity of the company in the industry has a substantial positive effect on the overall index of sustainability including the disclosure of the economic, environmental and social aspects, but it has no remarkable impact on the disclosure of sustainability from the public aspect.The location of the company has a significant positive effect on the disclosure of corporate sustainability from a social point of view, but the disclosure has no significant impact on the overall corporate sustainability index in terms of public, economic and environmental aspects. Finally, the lifespan of the company has a meaningful positive influence on the overall index and all aspects of corporate sustainability. The result of this study shows the importance of requiring non-financial information disclosure for legislators and standardizers. It also improves the beneficiaries’ awareness of these aspects and encourages companies to disclose corporate sustainability information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1460 - The Effect of Ownership Management on the Ratio of Short and Long Term Debts
rahmatollah azad Yaser Rastegari radAbstractThe aim of this study was to model the complications of the system of conservation, maintenance and training of human resources through the research method of mixed exploratory model. Its statistical population in the quality department, a group of experts inclu MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to model the complications of the system of conservation, maintenance and training of human resources through the research method of mixed exploratory model. Its statistical population in the quality department, a group of experts including senior managers of the National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company and professors in the field of human resource management in higher education centers and in the quantitative department of the National Petroleum Products Distribution Company - Sari and Affairs Iran Oil Pipelines and Telecommunications - Northern Region, there were 835 people (789 men and 46 women). In the qualitative part of the snowball sampling method, 20 people and in the quantitative part with the relative class sampling method based on Cochran's formula, 263 people were selected as a statistical sample. Data in the qualitative part were extracted through the implementation of Delphi technique with a semi-structured questionnaire and in the quantitative part through the implementation of 120-item researcher-made questionnaires on a statistical sample and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed in terms of content and structure. Reliability and combined reliability were estimated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient with 84%. Descriptive statistics (mean, variance, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Friedman test) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that modeling the complications of the system of conservation, maintenance and training of human resources has 6 dimensions (organizational (internal), environmental (external), occupational, individual (personal), governmental (political) and cultural-social) and 30 It has been a component. The results of the quantitative section showed that all dimensions of the research model were confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1461 - Relationship between Management Profit Forecasting Error and Adjustment of Profit Forecast with Corporate Accruals
Alireza Rahimi Aref Foroughi Majid AzadiAbstractNet profit and its adjustments are among the most valuable information used by investors. This study seeks to answer the question whether company conditions (ambiguity or inability to understand economic information) affect the relationship between forecasting e MoreAbstractNet profit and its adjustments are among the most valuable information used by investors. This study seeks to answer the question whether company conditions (ambiguity or inability to understand economic information) affect the relationship between forecasting error and adjustment of profit forecasting by management or not? For this purpose, first, the relationship between accruals (abnormal) and error and adjustment of profit forecast, test and then the effect of ambiguity and inability to understand economic information on the above relationship is examined. The research sample includes 91 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between working capital accruals and abnormal working capital accruals with management forecast error, but there is a negative relationship between working capital accruals and abnormal working capital accruals wThere is significance. Also, conditions of ambiguity did not affect this relationship, but the inability to understand economic information strengthens this relationship.ith negative forecast and adjustment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1462 - Predicting Negative Price Shock with Emphasis on Financial Ratios
Ebrahim Fadaii Mohammad Javad ZareBahnamiriAbstractAccording to capital market research, the negative stock price shock in any market is a function of environmental factors and specific characteristics of the company, and any insight on how to describe and predict the shock can affect the decisions of investors MoreAbstractAccording to capital market research, the negative stock price shock in any market is a function of environmental factors and specific characteristics of the company, and any insight on how to describe and predict the shock can affect the decisions of investors and activists in the stock market. In this study, based on data related to 140 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.we have attempted to predict stock price shocks with emphasis on financial ratios. In order to select the optimal variables from the set of 96 variables, two evolutionary algorithms of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm have been used. After applying the mentioned algorithms, finally, 8 variables affecting permanent and temporary shocks were extracted, which in the regression model mentioned in the research, their effect on the predictor of shock was investigated. the results of RSME model are the permanent shock (genetic algorithm), permanent shock (particle swarm optimization), temporary shock (genetic algorithm) and temporary shock (particle swarm optimization (particle swarm optimization), 5.8433 , 5.6284 , 7.537 and 7.295 . as we observe , RSME in permanent shock based on genetic algorithm is more than RSME permanent shock model based on the evolutionary algorithm of particle swarm optimization. also in the transient shock model based on the genetic algorithm , the model is more than RSME of the temporary shock model based on the evolutionary algorithm of particle swarm optimization . It can therefore be stated that the estimated regression is based on the selected variables from the evolutionary algorithm of the particle swarm optimization, and has better predictive power than the selected variables of the genetic algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1463 - Discretionary Accrual Anomalies, R&D Costs, PTH Returns and Q-factor Model
Arsalan Esmaeli Hamidreza Gholamnia Roshan AbstractMulti-factor patterns used to predict stock returns are static patterns, and dynamic changes over time are influenced by hidden factors such as government economic policies, crises, and the like that lead to a breakdown in returns. Stock and changes are no More AbstractMulti-factor patterns used to predict stock returns are static patterns, and dynamic changes over time are influenced by hidden factors such as government economic policies, crises, and the like that lead to a breakdown in returns. Stock and changes are not like a price bubble or a sharp drop in price. Using the Fama-McButt regression in a dynamic estimation of the factors influencing factors, and in particular the distinction between the effects of hidden and overt factors affecting the company's future performance, a more accurate estimate can be made in the turbulent conditions of Iran's economy. A random sample of Tehran Stock Exchange companies during the monthly periods in a 10-year period ending on 2019, have been tested. The results showed that, based on the Gibbons test (1987), only a pattern based on the Q pattern can be able to explain anomalies in stock returns. Also, the Q-factor model is able to explain the anomaly of optional commitment items, research and development and return (PTH) costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1464 - Investigating the Effect of Accounting Comparability on Financial Reporting Quality and Tax Avoidance
Alireza Rahimi Ali KianiAbstract This study investigated the effect of accounting comparability on financial reporting quality and tax avoidance. Accounting comparability improves information environment. Increased financial reporting transparency caused by increased accounting comparability MoreAbstract This study investigated the effect of accounting comparability on financial reporting quality and tax avoidance. Accounting comparability improves information environment. Increased financial reporting transparency caused by increased accounting comparability provides users a better understanding of the information content of financial reports, furthermore it reduces the opportunistic behaviour of managers. Meanwhile in reporting financial information for tax purposes transparent and comparable information plays an important role in in tax decisions.In this study by focusing on on an important aspect of financial reporting environment, that is accounting comparability, we are supposed to investigate the effects it could have on financial reporting quality and tax avoidance. To do so we have sampled out 110 companies listed with stock exchange. We have used multiple linear regression models to test the hypotheses. Our findings are indicative of positive relation between accounting comparability and financial reporting. the financial statement comparability as a governance mechanism prevents managers opportunistic behaviors including tax avoidance. quality as well as negative relation between accounting comparability and tax avoidance which are both in accordance with the hypotheses. based on the results of this study, when the quality of financial reporting, high and lower tax avoidance and tax avoidance, the capacity of accounting comparison improves the ability of users to identify similarities and differences between economic phenomena. As a result, consumers choose the best financial information that makes decisions more effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1465 - Information Distribution Pricing Modeling Based on Financing Constraints, Business Strategy and Corporate Governance with Structural Equation Approach
محمود نوذر پور امیررضا کیقبادیThe flow of information in the market environment affects the behavior of market participants. It is natural for market participants to have a different share of this information flow. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of financial constraints, bu MoreThe flow of information in the market environment affects the behavior of market participants. It is natural for market participants to have a different share of this information flow. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of financial constraints, business strategies and corporate governance on the value of information and changes in the distribution of accounting information.In order to investigate the subject of the study, after extracting data related to companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, the composite data regression model has been used to test the research hypotheses. Information asymmetry pricing decreases in the face of high financial constraints. It is also lower at higher levels of corporate governance. On the other hand, pricing information asymmetry is higher at levels with bold strategy. Financial constraints lead to differences in the cost of capital between companies with high information asymmetry and companies with low information asymmetry. , Pursuing a market-based and innovative strategy requires investing in several new technologies to design products and explore new markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1466 - Auditor Opinion Shopping and Related Party Transactions: Evidence of Tehran Stock Exchange
hasan yari Mahmoud Shahbakhsh Rafik BaghomianAbstract The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between auditor opinion shopping and related party transactions. In this regard, we analyzed financial statements of 117 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for the period of 2015-2019 MoreAbstract The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between auditor opinion shopping and related party transactions. In this regard, we analyzed financial statements of 117 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for the period of 2015-2019. The present study is an applied research and was conducted by descriptive-correlation method. In this present study, the composite index of Amiri and Fakhari (2020) was used to measure auditor opinion shopping. in this study, independent variable is related party transactions that was measured by dividing related party transactions on sales. Hypothesis testing was carried out through logistic regression model and Eviews 10 software. The results indicated that related party transactions have a positive and significant relationship with the auditor opinion shopping. Also, the results indicated that non-operating related party transactions have a positive and significant relationship with auditor opinion shopping. However, there was no significant relationship between operating related party transactions and auditor opinion shopping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1467 - The Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on Stock Returns Fluctuations
Hadi Mahboubi Marjan Damankeshideh Houshang Momeni Shahriyar NessabianAbstract The present article explains the effect of some macroeconomic indicators on stock return fluctuations .Artificial exchange rate pricing in the years before the crisis and preventing it from adjusting to the economic conditions is one of the main reasons for th MoreAbstract The present article explains the effect of some macroeconomic indicators on stock return fluctuations .Artificial exchange rate pricing in the years before the crisis and preventing it from adjusting to the economic conditions is one of the main reasons for the recent currency crisis. Also, the calculation of the foreign exchange market pressure index indicates that the highest numbers obtained for this index are related to the time when the gap between the free exchange rate and the official exchange rate has increased. The results also showed that the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on stock return fluctuations is positive and significant, which indicates that there is a high correlation between stock returns and the exchange rate market. Also, the positive sign of the coefficient indicates a positive and significant effect of interest rates on the variability of stock returns. This result shows that higher interest rates have led to more fluctuations in stock returns. Finally, GDP per capita was not significant in any of the error levels of 1, 5 and 10%, which indicates that it did not have a significant effect on stock fluctuations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1468 - Designing a Structural Model of Indigenous Factors Affecting Behavioral Management Accounting
Farshid Yazdani Arefeh Mohaghegh Naghi FazeliAbstractThe purpose of this research was to design a structural model of local factors affecting behavioral management accounting. The research method was qualitative and quantitative. Research information was collected through interviews. The statistical population of MoreAbstractThe purpose of this research was to design a structural model of local factors affecting behavioral management accounting. The research method was qualitative and quantitative. Research information was collected through interviews. The statistical population of the research included experts, professors and specialists in the field of management accounting and behavioral sciences, and the number of interviewees was about 16 people. The sampling method was in the form of a snowball, in which the interviewees were asked to introduce people who are knowledgeable about the research topic to conduct subsequent interviews. Primary data were collected through interviews. According to the methodological process, during the three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding, firstly, the codes related to the topic were identified from the large number of primary data types; Then, in the method of continuous comparison, a concept was extracted from several codes, and in the same way, other codes were also converted into concepts, until finally 20 categories and 100 concepts were obtained. In the next step, the obtained indicators were designed in the form of a questionnaire, and 58 completed questionnaires were collected among the second statistical population, i.e. the activists and employees of the field of management accounting in the capital market, who were available, and the data obtained in the quantitative part of the research. were analyzed and the findings of the research showed that 4 categories appeared as the central categories which include: judgment of accountants, judgment and decision making of people, behavioral factors, evaluation and control. Other categories to be presented in the visual model were placed in five categories of causal conditions (4 categories), background or context (2 categories), intervening conditions (4 categories), strategies (3 categories), consequences (3 categories). Next, based on the indicators, components, concepts and categories of the proposed model, a questionnaire of 100 questions was developed and based on the collected data, the relations of the proposed model were examined, and finally the results showed the significance of the relations and components of the model. Therefore, it can be claimed that all existing structural relationships have been confirmed and the quantitative analysis is valid on the accuracy and reliability of the results of the qualitative analysis. Therefore, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicate the overall fit of this component (causal condition variable, central, strategies, context, interventionist, and consequences) of the proposed model with the data and indicate the proper fit of this part of the measurement model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1469 - Presenting a Warning Report Model in the Auditing Profession Based on Organizational Factors of Auditing Institutions in Iran
Soheila Mohammadion Mohsen Hamidian Mohamad Reza YeganegiAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to present a model of warning report in the auditing profession based on organizational factors of auditing institutions in Iran. According to its nature, the present study is an applied research and in terms of method is a desc MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to present a model of warning report in the auditing profession based on organizational factors of auditing institutions in Iran. According to its nature, the present study is an applied research and in terms of method is a descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of the study includes auditors working in auditing institutions, who are the members of the Association of Certified Public Accountants. The theoretical framework and research background are based on the inductive approach and data collection. Since this research was conducted in a real environment, ie auditing institutions that are members of the Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants and the auditing organization. It is also considered as a field research. For implementing the main phases of the research and data collection, field methods and questionnaire have been used. After collecting data using field methods and questionnaire, in the second step, for validating and analyzing the relationships between the variables of the initial model of the study, two methods of data analysis, namely descriptive and inferential statistics and appropriate statistical software were used. The results revealed, organizational factors of auditing institutions in Iran have an effect on the warning report in the audit profession and in turn, cause timely warning reporting among auditors in accordance with legal principles, procedures and criteria as a voluntary action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1470 - The Relationship between CEO Risk-Taking Incentives and Socially Irresponsible Activities
فریدون رهنمای رود پشتی آناهیتا زندیThe degree of managerial risk appetite due to managerial motivation can lead to companies' performance in irresponsible social activities to compensate for their lack of reward. This study examines the relationship between the CEO's risk-taking incentives and irresponsi MoreThe degree of managerial risk appetite due to managerial motivation can lead to companies' performance in irresponsible social activities to compensate for their lack of reward. This study examines the relationship between the CEO's risk-taking incentives and irresponsible social activities using the annual reports of accepted companies In the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results indicate that the manager's risk-taking incentives have a positive relationship with irresponsible social activities. In addition, we have found in this research that the responsible social activities of the company act as an intermediary agent and enhance the above-mentioned relationship. Our results show that incentives and incentives for risk appetite in managing director remuneration are of great importance to corporate policies against irresponsible social activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1471 - Designing a Hybrid Model of Factors Affecting Accounting Development in Iran
مهرداد گلیجانی رضیه علی خانی مهدی مران جوری رضا فلاحThe purpose of this research is to identify the factors influencing the development of accounting by the combination of meta-analysis techniques. In the present study, by applying a systematic and qualitative cross-over approach, we analyze the results and findings of p MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify the factors influencing the development of accounting by the combination of meta-analysis techniques. In the present study, by applying a systematic and qualitative cross-over approach, we analyze the results and findings of previous researchers and by conceptualizing the seven factors of Sandelowski and Barroso method, the conceptual model of factors influencing accounting development is categorized. Based on three-stage coding in MAXQDA software, these factors were analyzed and categorized into 4 main categories and 30 axial codes. Kappa method was used to evaluate the reliability and quality control of the present study. The kappa coefficient calculated by SPSS software was 0.896 which is in good agreement. The results showed that the factors affecting the development of accounting included economic factor, environmental factor, professional factor and organizational factor. The results of this study can be used for accounting and macro decision makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1472 - The Effect of the Quality of the Enterprise Risk Management System and the Characteristics of the Audit Committee on the Reputation of Companies
Yaghoob Daneshi ali EsmaeelzadehAbstractOver the last several decades, corporate reputation has gained increasing importance for both managers and academics. Research on corporate reputation has generally argued that reputational risk, or risk of reputation loss, stems from all company risks. When a r MoreAbstractOver the last several decades, corporate reputation has gained increasing importance for both managers and academics. Research on corporate reputation has generally argued that reputational risk, or risk of reputation loss, stems from all company risks. When a risk drives a firm into a crisis, some stakeholders' interests may go unsatisfied, and the firm's corporate reputation may be eroded. The more effective the enterprise risk management system is, the fewer crises a company will face and the less risk there will be to lose its corporate reputation.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the quality of enterprise risk management system and the characteristics of the audit committee on the reputation of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of the study is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, of which 100 companies were selected as a sample. The results of Tobit regression model test showed that the quality of enterprise risk management system and the characteristics of the audit committee have a significant effect on the reputation of the companies under study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1473 - Sociological Analysis of Accounting Theories
Zahra Madahi Reza Gholami Jamkarani Majid Zakjirdat Hassan KheiriAbstract Due to the existence of various paradigms and theories in accounting and the lack of a clear classification of accounting theories, as well as the lack of a complete and well-defined framework of accounting theories in terms of sociological paradigms, we decid MoreAbstract Due to the existence of various paradigms and theories in accounting and the lack of a clear classification of accounting theories, as well as the lack of a complete and well-defined framework of accounting theories in terms of sociological paradigms, we decided to take accounting theories into a broader sociological context. Communicate them. To achieve this goal, we used the content analysis method. In this way, first, by examining sociological schools and theories, the three main paradigms of positivism, interpretative and criticism were identified and the components that were the characteristics of these paradigms were extracted and categorized from the themes, and then the outputs were approved by professors. Sociology and then accounting theories and various theories using the method of extracting books and texts and articles extracted and sociological components in the context of accounting theories are searched and analyzed and at the end of accounting theories according to The extracted themes and their analytical codes are classified and analyzed and interpreted based on the obtained results.The results of thematic analysis placed accounting theories in three main categories of sociological, positivist, interpretive and critical paradigms. According to the research results, most accounting theories are in the category of interpretive theories. This shows the effective role of people related to these theories, including accountants, managers and investors, etc. There is also the issue of paradigmatic sputum among some accounting theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1474 - Usefulness Offair Value of Loan Facility for Predicting Banks, Future Operational Cash Flows
مریم رستمی حمیدرضا کردلویی غلامحسن تقی نتاج ملکشاه فرهاد حنیفیIn this study, the model of barth et.al (2001) was applied for predicting banks, future operational cash flows and for calculating fair value of loans was applied the model of Tschirhart et al. (2007).The hypotheses of the study were tested through the panel data gather MoreIn this study, the model of barth et.al (2001) was applied for predicting banks, future operational cash flows and for calculating fair value of loans was applied the model of Tschirhart et al. (2007).The hypotheses of the study were tested through the panel data gathered from 18 listed banks in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this researchoperational cash flows of one and two future-year of banks are considered. The findings of the first hypothesis of the research indicated that with 90% assurance only changes of fair value has a significant and negative relation with one year-future operational cash flows and changes of cost of loans has no effect. The findings of the second hypothesis of the research indicated that with 90% assurance both changes of fair value and changes of cost of loanshave a significant and negative relation with two year-future operational cash flows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1475 - Explaining the Promoting and Inhibiting Social Components of Companies to Improve the Quality of Financial Statements
Behnam Sam Daliri Kaveh Azinfar Seyyed Ali Nabavi Chashmie Mohammadreza PouraliAbstract Corporate responsibility reporting relates to aspects of individual and social characteristics and corporate governance and the external conditions of the company. Given that the quality of financial reporting has a significant impact on capital markets and af MoreAbstract Corporate responsibility reporting relates to aspects of individual and social characteristics and corporate governance and the external conditions of the company. Given that the quality of financial reporting has a significant impact on capital markets and affects the decision-making process of users of financial reports, so the correct identification of factors affecting the quality of financial reporting from the perspective of different groups, can make financial reports as an important source of information. Rely on users to convert. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explain the components of promoting and preventing corporate social responsibility to improve the quality of financial statements. The statistical population of the study is the members of the board of directors of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 1998. 295 people were selected by simple random sampling to distribute the questionnaire. Schwartz (1998) standard social responsibility questionnaire was used to collect information in the field of theoretical foundations and research literature and to test research hypotheses to measure social responsibility. Also, to measure the quality of financial statements, the standard questionnaire of Freddy Van's financial reporting quality (2014) is used. K-S test was used to check the normality of data distribution and structural equation model and PLS software was used to test the hypotheses. The results of the research show that the dimension of individual characteristics and its promoting components and its deterrent components are effective in improving the quality of financial statements. The social dimension and corporate governance and its promotional and deterrent components affect the quality of financial statements. The external conditions and its promoting and deterrent components affect the quality of financial statements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1476 - Implementation of Direct Subsidy System and Profitability Indicators in Political Economy Theory
علی مسیبی بهروز فرزانه حاجی حسنیThe present paper investigates the effect of establishing a direct subsidy system on profitability indicators (sales return rate, shareholder return rate, asset return rate) within the framework of political economy theory. The statistical population of the present stud MoreThe present paper investigates the effect of establishing a direct subsidy system on profitability indicators (sales return rate, shareholder return rate, asset return rate) within the framework of political economy theory. The statistical population of the present study is Tehran Stock Exchange, which 168 companies were selected as the sample of the study from 2006 to 2020 period. In order to perform statistical analysis in the present study multiple linear regression method with panel-effects method was used. Findings from the analysis of research data show that profitability indicators decreased in the period after the establishment of the direct subsidy system. Also other findings show that the accruals based earnings management has increased in the period after the establishment of direct subsidy system. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that subsidizing targeting plan has reduced the profitability of companies and increased accrual-based earnings management through cost pressures on producers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1477 - Performance Quality, Stock Returns and Idiosyncratic Volatility
Mohammad Amri-AsramiAbstract The relation between firm's idiosyncratic volatility (IV) and stock returns has been explained by conflicting evidence, the contradiction has attracted the attention of many researchers. The impact of IV on stock return is depending on the stocks’ attrib MoreAbstract The relation between firm's idiosyncratic volatility (IV) and stock returns has been explained by conflicting evidence, the contradiction has attracted the attention of many researchers. The impact of IV on stock return is depending on the stocks’ attributes. Tests have been performed using a panel data model with fixed effects, and the sample of 126 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The results show that in companies with high performance quality, the firm's IV are directly related to stock returns, and in companies with low performance quality, the firm's IV are inversely related to stock returns. The favorable quality increases the IV, and leads to positive returns, and The non-favorable quality increases the IV, and leads to negative returns. And there is a nonlinear, shaped, relation between stock returns and IV. Increasing the level of IV to a certain level, initially, increases the firm's stock returns, but by increasing it more than before, cause a negative market reaction and a negative impact on stock returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1478 - Provide a Model of Aural Accounting and Appraisal its Dimensions
Ali Nouri Mehdi Safari Gerayli Ebrahim givaki Ali LalbarAbstract Over time, accounting knowledge has shifted from a purely positivist form to interactionism in line with social changes, and the emergence of perspectives such as narration in accounting or the language of reporting is the result of such changes in the profess MoreAbstract Over time, accounting knowledge has shifted from a purely positivist form to interactionism in line with social changes, and the emergence of perspectives such as narration in accounting or the language of reporting is the result of such changes in the profession. Aural Accounting, as one of the most emerging aspects of this knowledge, seeks to create perspectives on future accounting so that it can improve its capacity to meet information expectations and needs. The purpose of this research is provide a model of aural accounting development requirements and appraisal its dimensions in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In this study, which was a methodology mixed, first, through content screening, to determine the requirements for the development of aural accounting in the period between 2017 and 2022. By determining 10 initial studies, critical appraisal was performed with the help of 14 accounting experts and finally 7 dimensions of aural accounting development requirements were determined. Then, the reliability of these dimensions was determined through Delphi analysis. In the quantitative part of the research, with the help of 20 accounting managers and financial directors of Tehran Stock Exchange companies, was performed an interpretive ranking process. The results showed that the percentage of effectiveness of the component of financial information systems development as the basis of aural accounting is higher than other components of aural accounting requirements, which means that aural accounting to strengthen the expectations of social contexts should strengthen financial information systems that to be able to respond appropriately and reliably to the information expectations of stakeholders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1479 - Managers Narcissism, Leadership Styles Choices in Accounting
Saeed Farokh Azita JahanshadAbstract Some studies have shown that managers' narcissism can affect the choice of leadership styles in accounting (including management, social responsibility, financial reporting quality, etc.). Since no study has been done to evaluate the impact of managers' narcis MoreAbstract Some studies have shown that managers' narcissism can affect the choice of leadership styles in accounting (including management, social responsibility, financial reporting quality, etc.). Since no study has been done to evaluate the impact of managers' narcissism on leadership styles in accounting, present study intends to examine this issue; therefore, the present study evaluates the relationships between managers' narcissism, selection of leadership styles in accounting. The statistical population of this study includes managers of companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Because access to all members of the statistical community was not possible, the available sampling method was used. Therefore, the questionnaires were distributed among individuals and a total of 150 completed questionnaires were collected. Data analysis was performed using structural equations and with the help of LISREL software. The findings of the research showed that managers' narcissism had a greater impact on the transformational leadership style in accounting than the practical one. In addition, managers narcissism affect on practical leadership style and transformational leadership style in determining companies business strategy, social responsibility , profit management and financial reporting quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1480 - Religiosity, Professional Ethics of Accountants and Financial Reporting Fraud
اسماعیل خوشبخت امیرحسین تائبی نقندری حدیث زینلیAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of religiosity on financial reporting fraud by emphasizing the mediating role of accountants' professional ethics in Iran. The research variables were measured through a questionnaire. For this purpose, 40 MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of religiosity on financial reporting fraud by emphasizing the mediating role of accountants' professional ethics in Iran. The research variables were measured through a questionnaire. For this purpose, 400 questionnaires were distributed among the members of the official experts of accounting and auditing justice throughout Iran. Finally, 312 items were accepted for analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses and Amos software was used for analysis. Findings showed that the religiosity of accountants has a negative and significant effect on financial reporting fraud and has a positive and significant effect on the professional ethics of accountants. Also, religiosity causes accountants to have a higher level of ethics, and this higher level of ethics is an effective factor in reducing financial reporting fraud by accountants, which shows the professional ethics of accountants, explains the relationship between their religiosity and reporting fraud. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1481 - The Effect of Accounting Earning Growth on Macroeconomic Indicator
محسن عرب زاده ناصر ایزدی نیا سعید صمدیThe main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of firms' cumulative accounting earning growth on macroeconomic indicators such as GDP and net investment in national accounts.In other words, the effect of firms' cumulative accounting earning growth on futu MoreThe main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of firms' cumulative accounting earning growth on macroeconomic indicators such as GDP and net investment in national accounts.In other words, the effect of firms' cumulative accounting earning growth on future GDP and net future investment and also the future GDP growth forecast errors and the future growth in net investment forecast errors has been studied.This research, in terms of purpose is a kind of applied research. The method is based on correlation and regression based on actual financial statements of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and macroeconomic data such as GDP and net investment from national accounts.The statistical population of the study is all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2005-2017.The results show that the firms' cumulative accounting earning has an impact on the growth of future GDP and net investment in national accounts. But the firms' cumulative accounting earning hasn’t an impact on the future GDP growth forecast errors and the future growth in net investment forecast errors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1482 - The Effect of Passive Institutional Ownership Focus, CEO Tenure and Product Market Competition on the Relationship between Distracted Passive Institutional Investors and Firms Transparency
Ali Badiee Nezhad Afsaneh TavangarAbstractDisclosure of information plays a key role in the correct and informed decisions of various user groups, especially investors, but economic units without external pressures and legal and professional requirements, are reluctant to disclose sufficient information MoreAbstractDisclosure of information plays a key role in the correct and informed decisions of various user groups, especially investors, but economic units without external pressures and legal and professional requirements, are reluctant to disclose sufficient information because disclosure of information is costly(Pourheidari, and.Foroughi, 2019).This study examines the effect of distracted passive institutional shareholders on firm transparency by considering the level of concentration of passive institutional ownership, product market competition and the tenure of the CEO.In this study, using data from 150 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, the issue was investigated.To test the research hypotheses, multivariate regression models were used with panel data method and fixed effects approach.The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that distracted passive institutional investors has negative and significant effect on the firm transparency and despite the fact that the ownership concentration of passive institutional investors in both levels of concentration more than 5% and concentration more than 15% have aposotive and significant Have a posotive and significant effect on firm transparency, but distrated institutional investors only in companies with a level of passive institutional ownership concentration of more than 15%, has a negative and significant effect on companies' with information transparency.Also, based on the results of testing research hypotheses, Distractedpassive institutional investors in companies with new CEOs has a posotive and significant effect on the firmstransparency,However, in companies with competitive product market level, it does not have a significant effect on companies' firm transparency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1483 - Designing a Model for the Implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards No. (17(
مهدی اسکافی اصل فرزانه حیدر پورAbstractWidespread adoption of international financial reporting standards in the insurance industry is one of the most important developments in the history of accounting. The main purpose of this study is to identify the general and specific challenges facing the insu MoreAbstractWidespread adoption of international financial reporting standards in the insurance industry is one of the most important developments in the history of accounting. The main purpose of this study is to identify the general and specific challenges facing the insurance industry in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No. 17 and to provide an appropriate model for the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard No. 17. The data were collected based on interviews with insurance industry experts at various levels. Therefore, this research is grounded in terms of applied purpose, qualitative in terms of nature and grounded in terms of strategy. The statistical population of the study is experts in the insurance industry who have sufficient experience in the field of financial reporting. The statistical sample is based on purposive sampling method. The results show that categories such as competitive / monopoly market; Central insurance policies; Price elasticity in the insurance industry; Adaptation of current laws to market needs; Pioneering the rules; Supervision of the insurance industry; Sanctions; international relations; Models and defaults and input settings; Investment policy in the insurance industry; Quality, etc., play an important role in the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards No. (17) in the insurance industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1484 - Strong Shareholder Rights, Internal Capital Allocation Efficiency, and the Moderating Role of Market Competition and External Financing Needs
Fereshteh FeizabadiAbstract Nowdays, the capital market in developing countries is considered as a tool to increase investment and economic growth. Since efficiency is the main and most The purpose of this study was to Investigate strong shareholder rights on the internal capital allocat MoreAbstract Nowdays, the capital market in developing countries is considered as a tool to increase investment and economic growth. Since efficiency is the main and most The purpose of this study was to Investigate strong shareholder rights on the internal capital allocation efficiency, the role of competition and external financing in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.The spatial domain of this research was the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange . In this research, the rights of the strong shareholders of the independent variable and the efficiency of internal capital allocation of the dependent variable were considered..In the data section of the study, data were collected from sample companies by referring to financial statements, explanatory notes and stock exchange monthly.Based on systematic elimination method, 100 companies were selected as statistical sample.Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe and summarize the data collected.In order to analyze the data, pre-tests of variance homogeneity, F-Lemer test, Hausman test, and Dicky-Fuller test and then multivariate regression test were used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (EViews software).The results showed that strong shareholder rights significantly increase the internal capital allocation efficiency.However, the moderating effect of market competition and external financing needs is not found to be significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1485 - Formulate and Explain the Model of Effective Factors of Integrated Reporting
Akbar Givkey Mansour Garkaz Mehdi Safari Grayli alireza matoufiAbstract Integrated Reporting As the latest development of reporting, it has created a new era of providing and communicating financial and non-financial information and value creation. This has made business sustainability and social responsibility more important. The MoreAbstract Integrated Reporting As the latest development of reporting, it has created a new era of providing and communicating financial and non-financial information and value creation. This has made business sustainability and social responsibility more important. The main purpose of this study is to formulate and explain the model of factors affecting integrated reporting by heuristic mixed method. For this purpose, first the qualitative part, using the data method of the foundation and interviewing 19 experts by snowball sampling method, integrated reporting categories and stimuli including causal conditions, background conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences were formulated and modeled. The final was presented. In the quantitative part, research hypotheses were developed and to test them, a questionnaire was designed and information was collected by 368 people who did not participate in the qualitative part. Hypotheses were collected and tested by structural equation method using smart PLS software. The results of the quantitative stage showed that the causal category (legal requirements and conditions and political and economic relations) affects the central category (integrated reporting), the central category (integrated reporting) affects strategies, the intervening condition (instructions and characteristics of the company's management) It affects the strategies, the context conditions (accountability and evaluation system and company facilities) affect the strategies and the leaders (creating a responsible institution and setting the standard and training) affect the consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1486 - The Effect of Factors Resulting from the Political-economic Structure of the Country on the Stickiness of Companies' Costs
zahra Hashemi Pour Nasri Fardin Mansouri Reza Gholami Jamkarani Mozhgan SafaAbstract Despite privatizations in recent decades, the government still owns shares in many companies and is an important component of the country's economy. The purpose of this study is to examine the country's political elections, the structure of government ownershi MoreAbstract Despite privatizations in recent decades, the government still owns shares in many companies and is an important component of the country's economy. The purpose of this study is to examine the country's political elections, the structure of government ownership, GDP growth, political relations and the rate of inflation in the country on cost stickiness in Iranian companies. To conduct this research, first, using interviews with experts and the index of lavsh, the variables and factors affecting the stickiness of companies' costs were identified and then the identified variables were measured, and finally a sample of 102 companies from Tehran Stock Exchange companies was selected to be statistically tested on them. The results of the research hypotheses showed that: the country's political elections, government ownership structure, GDP growth, political relations and inflation in the country affect the stickiness of corporate costs Are. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1487 - Identifying the Dimensions of the Financial Management Model
مهدی آقامحمد غلامرضا کردستانی حسین کاظمیPublicfinancial management includes a set of in accounting systems, procedures and rules, financial reporting, budgeting, auditing and internal control in order to use financial resources efficiently and effectively, promote transparency and accountability in the public MorePublicfinancial management includes a set of in accounting systems, procedures and rules, financial reporting, budgeting, auditing and internal control in order to use financial resources efficiently and effectively, promote transparency and accountability in the public sector. The purpose of this studyto identify and examine the dimensions of the modern public financial management model.In this study, the qualitative method and contextapproach have been used. The required information collected and analyzed in 1398 throughsemi-structured interviews with 37 experts. The analysis of the interviews, due to the increase in citizens' expectations and legal and international requirements and severe limitations of financial resources in the country, reforms are needed in the general financial management systems, including budgeting, service pricing system, tax system, system urnover and performance management system. It is alsonecessary to separate policy from implementation, improve audit and internal control systems, and manage resource consumption to move toward modern public financial management. Of course, in this regard, the impact of factors such as culture, norms and values, leadership management, political involvement and the existence of capacity and capabilities such as equipment and technology, integrated information systems and organizational structure reform, decentralization and flexibility and system establishment Motivate and amend laws, regulations and procedures. Reforming the public financial management system leads to increased transparency and accountability, increased social welfare, reduced corruption and poverty؛ increased productivity؛ citizenship and reduced bureaucracy and good governance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1488 - The Effect of Trust in Government on Voluntary Compliance of Taxpayers with the Mediating Role of Tax Justice Perception
Farnaz Hajmahmood attar Vahid AraeiAbstract The importance and need for tax compliance and identification of new taxpayers has increased more and more according to the conditions of the economic environment, and all governments around the world should try to achieve the desired result to meet the amount MoreAbstract The importance and need for tax compliance and identification of new taxpayers has increased more and more according to the conditions of the economic environment, and all governments around the world should try to achieve the desired result to meet the amount of tax revenue.In this study, the effect of trust in government on voluntary obedience of taxpayers is considered by considering the mediating role of tax justice perception. The present paper is descriptive-survey and correlational in terms of data relationships. The statistical population was private companies whose taxpayers referred to the General Directorate of Tax Affairs of Tehran Center in the winter quarter, the total number of which was 33162. The sample size was performed using Cochran's formula and according to the technique of structural equations between 5 and 15 times the number of measures, ie 240 people, using stratified sampling method. Data collection tool is a questionnaire that after confirming its validity by calculating the Lashae coefficient and performing confirmatory factor analysis technique and its reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, structural equation technique has been used in laser software to investigate research hypotheses. The findings show that trust in the government influences the voluntary compliance of taxpayers with regard to the mediating role of tax justice perception. Confidence in government influences the voluntary obedience and perception of tax justice of taxpayers. The perception of tax justice also affects the voluntary obedience of taxpayers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1489 - Decision Making and Policy Influenced by Audit Committee Recommendations and Characteristics
Mostafa Heidari Haratemeh Vahid Araei Abstract Today, the importance of the interaction between the audit committee and the internal audit is clear and of great importance. One of the functions of the audit committees is to review and monitor the management's response to the recommendations and fin More Abstract Today, the importance of the interaction between the audit committee and the internal audit is clear and of great importance. One of the functions of the audit committees is to review and monitor the management's response to the recommendations and findings of the internal audit. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the characteristics of the audit committee and the perceptions of the implementation of internal audit recommendations. Therefore, by using the data obtained from the review of senior internal auditors from the sample companies, it was concluded that the greater understanding of the implementation of audit recommendations strongly depends on the existence of independent members of the audit committee and the expertise of the members in auditing and accounting. The results showed: a) the perceptions of the implementation of internal audit recommendations are influenced by frequent meetings between the audit committee and senior internal auditors b) the greater the expertise of the members of the audit committee, the more likely the implementation of internal audit recommendations is c) the negative correlation between the size of the committee there are audits and the implementation of internal audit recommendations d) three dimensions (appointment, review 1, review 3) are positively related to the implementation of internal audit recommendations, but they are not significant e) independence and members with knowledge of accounting and auditing They have a significant impact on the implementation of internal audit recommendations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1490 - The Relationship between Budget Strategies and Social Justice with an Emphasis on Generational Accounting
Behzad Jafari farshid khirolahiAbstract Today, the value of using generational accounting is expanding in the countries of the world. In order to achieve social and intergenerational justice, it is considered important to use generational accounting and update the budget and tax policies. The purpos MoreAbstract Today, the value of using generational accounting is expanding in the countries of the world. In order to achieve social and intergenerational justice, it is considered important to use generational accounting and update the budget and tax policies. The purpose of this research is to explain the relationship between budget strategies and social justice by considering generational accounting in Iran. In the first stage, relevant English and Farsi articles were selected using the CASP Critical Assessment Skills program. Then, using them, the main variables were identified, i.e., generational accounting as an independent variable, intergenerational justice as a dependent variable, and budget policies as a mediating variable and their components. In the following, these variables and their related components were given to 15 experts through a fuzzy Delphi questionnaire to confirm their reliability. Then, in order to validate the final model of the research, a 5-choice questionnaire with approved components was designed and distributed to 235 experts, accountants and experts through the Persa site, and the correlation coefficient and regression of the hypotheses using It was analyzed by spss software. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between generational accounting, budget commitments and policies, budget strategies and intergenerational justice with social justice. Therefore, considering the importance of budget strategies for future generations and its impact on social and generational justice, it is necessary for our country to consider them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1491 - Measuring the Quality of Accounting Information in the Face of with Employer Loyalty with Approach PSO Algorithm Abstract
عباس زکی زاده سینا خردیار فاضل محمدی نوده ایوب احمدی موسی آبادEmployer loyalty stems from a positive attitude towards a service that is directly related to the working relationship between the auditor and the client. This may be due to a better working relationship with the auditor of your choice or an opportunity to influence the MoreEmployer loyalty stems from a positive attitude towards a service that is directly related to the working relationship between the auditor and the client. This may be due to a better working relationship with the auditor of your choice or an opportunity to influence the auditor. Managers may seek auditing to approve the method because they do not prepare financial statements in accordance with common accounting principles. In this case, the level of quality of accounting information largely depends on the behavior of managers. The present study tries to optimize the quality of accounting information in the face of Employer loyalty by using an algorithm (PSO) with a sample of 90 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results showed that in each group of loyalty and unfaithfulness of the client, the number of attributes with the desired and undesirable level is equal and thus in Tehran Stock Exchange, managers, whether they are loyal to their previous auditor or not, the highest level of importance and desirability. They are reliable and have the lowest level of relevance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1492 - Company Growth and Performance and Seasonal Profit Management Tests
زهرا لشگری محمد مسگرAbstract Jones model is used in a wide range of theoretical foundations in accounting and finance to test earnings management based on optional accruals. These theoretical foundations include studies examining evidence on earnings management for company-specific events MoreAbstract Jones model is used in a wide range of theoretical foundations in accounting and finance to test earnings management based on optional accruals. These theoretical foundations include studies examining evidence on earnings management for company-specific events (e.g., managers' bonus contracts and debt contracts). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the growth and performance variables of the company on the quarterly earnings management test in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2009 to 1398. A screening method was used for sampling and a total of 74 companies (3256 chapters - companies) were selected. In this study, company growth and performance indicators are considered as independent variables to examine their impact on profit management. In this study, hypotheses were tested by multiple linear regression model at 95% level using EViews 8 software. The results showed that the growth and performance indicators of the company have an effect on the seasonal profit management test. These results also showed that the virtual indicators of the company's growth and performance decile have a non-linear relationship with the seasonal profit management test. The results show that the Jones-type optional accrual models that are commonly used in seasonal earthquakes are not sufficiently controlled for accruals that occur naturally due to the growth of the company, as well as the lack of control over the effects of growth and The company's performance on accruals leads to incorrect acceptance in earnings management tests. As a result, this research can show great power in quarterly reports where maples are looking for earnings management, and also these findings have important implications for the use of optional accrual models in earnings management research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1493 - Integrated Multi-Objective and Econometrics Model for Stock Portfolio Optimization
Abbas KhadempourArani Amirreza Keyghobadi Mehdi MadanchiZaj Gholamreza ZomorodianAbstractFor the growth and development of countries, companies, and even individuals, investment on their part is necessary and vital, and these investments should be optimal for more benefit and effectiveness. Since the introduction of Markowitz's theory and even befor MoreAbstractFor the growth and development of countries, companies, and even individuals, investment on their part is necessary and vital, and these investments should be optimal for more benefit and effectiveness. Since the introduction of Markowitz's theory and even before that, the concept of optimal investment as a compromise between risk and return has been considered. During several decades after that, new definitions and dimensions of optimal criteria and especially risk have been proposed.In this article, an attempt has been made to present a model of liquidity risk using the concept of diversification in the form of Shannon's entropy and an econometric approach, an optimal portfolio of investments with the lowest risk and the highest return, in the form of a portfolio of 4 industrial groups of the Tehran Stock Exchange, including metal groups. Essentially, banks, oil products and metal ores, which have the highest market value of the Iranian stock market, should be provided.The statistical data of this research for selected industries include daily price index return and daily price gap return between 2015 and the end of 2019. To calculate the liquidity risk, using multivariate GARCH methods, the variance-covariance matrix of price index return and price gap, calculated and used in the presented model, and finally the optimal weight using coding in MATLAB software and using algorithm optimization method The genetics of non-excessive ranking of the second edition has been calculated for selected industries.The output results of the model show that the optimal weight of the groups with less variance in the optimal portfolio is higher. Besides, the effect of removing the concept of liquidity from the model leads to an increase in the weight of industries that have less liquidity, and along with the increase in risk, the return of the optimal portfolio also increases in this case. Also, by removing the limitation of Shannon's diversification index, the output results show that this limitation has almost no effect on the optimal weights (at least in this model). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1494 - The Effect of Governmental Monetary Policy on the Relationship between Auditing of Financial Statements and Corporate Reputation
محمدرضا پورفخاران قدرت الله طالب نیا حمیدرضا وکیلی فرد فریدون رهنمای رودپشتیIn the present paper, the role of auditing financial statements in improving the company's business credit in the framework of contract theory has been discussed.The statistical population in this research is all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. According to MoreIn the present paper, the role of auditing financial statements in improving the company's business credit in the framework of contract theory has been discussed.The statistical population in this research is all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. According to the criteria and systematic deletion, 172 companies have been selected as the sample in this research. The result of testing the research hypotheses shows that the quality of the independent auditor and the quality of the audit of the financial statements improve the company's Commercial Credit, and this relationship is adjusted and curtailed by the contractionary monetary policy of the state. Further findings indicate that the audited opinion is not affected by the company's corporate credibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1495 - Investigating the Calendar Effect of the Holy Month of Ramadan on the Capital Market: a Fuzzy Group Decision-making Approach
Abdollah Noori Ata-o-llah Mohammadi Molgarni Iraj NorveshAbstract In recent years, investors have realized that there are a number of irregularities (calendar effects) in the capital market through which additional returns can be obtained. In calendar irregularities, time is the factor that affects the capital market. Such e MoreAbstract In recent years, investors have realized that there are a number of irregularities (calendar effects) in the capital market through which additional returns can be obtained. In calendar irregularities, time is the factor that affects the capital market. Such effects are called calendar effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the calendar effect of the holy month of Ramadan on the most important features of the capital market. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey based on the nature and research method. The statistical population of this study includes university professors of accounting, analysts and trading experts in the Iranian capital market. In this study, using the research background and referring to eight experts and interviewing them, 6 indicators were identified as important features of the capital market that can be affected by the calendar effect of the holy month of Ramadan. Then, using 14 questionnaires, experts were asked to determine the causal relationships of these indicators. Finally, in order to explore the network of cause and effect relationships, to determine the degree of effectiveness and impact of each of the indicators and their prioritization, fuzzy hierarchical analysis, fuzzy dimtel approach and fuzzy TOPSIS were used. According to the results, capital risk is the most important indicator. This result indicates that this indicator is subject to severe changes during the holy month of Ramadan and it is necessary to pay attention to it. Then the indicators of trading volume, unsystematic risk, share return, liquidity risk and adjusted beta are important, respectively. Also, trading volume was recognized as the most effective indicator. Therefore, trading volume has a greater impact on other indicators. Also, non-systematic risk was identified as the most effective indicator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1496 - Measure the Wisdom of Adolescent high school Students in Isfahan
mohammad ali salmani ardani mansure shahriari ahmadiStrengthening wisdom along with intelligence is essential for students' spiritual and scientific progress. Accordingly, the behavioral indicators and the level of wisdom of students should be measured with a valid tool and appropriate to Islamic culture. The aim of this MoreStrengthening wisdom along with intelligence is essential for students' spiritual and scientific progress. Accordingly, the behavioral indicators and the level of wisdom of students should be measured with a valid tool and appropriate to Islamic culture. The aim of this article assess the wisdom of adolescent students is written.This article is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population included all gifted and moderately intelligent students of the first year of high school in Isfahan in the academic year of 1997-98. Cluster random sampling method was used and 400 people were tested individually with a questionnaire to assess the level of wisdom of adolescent students.. Data were analyzed using Spss and AMOS software using correlation coefficient, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis.The results of the analysis showed that the mean index in the gifted group is higher than the normal group and gifted male and female students have a higher score in the Wise Behavioral Indices Questionnaire. Eight factors with eigenvalues higher than one were able to explain 71.494% of the variance of items. The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit index is at a desirable level. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated in terms of Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.895. The coordination between the factors with the total score is acceptable and the model fit index is at a desirable level, which indicates that the questionnaire is sufficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1497 - The effectiveness of group logotherapy on loneliness and social adjustment of female students with physical disabilities in Tehran
Sedighe Chavoshi Mahdi Mahmodi Rohalla KarimikhoyganiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group logo therapy on Loneliness and social adjustment of female students with physical disabilities in Tehran in 2020-2021. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental based on a pre-test post-test d MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group logo therapy on Loneliness and social adjustment of female students with physical disabilities in Tehran in 2020-2021. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental based on a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consists of all female students with physical disabilities in Tehran in 2020-21 that 40 of them were selected by using of available samlpling as a sample and assigned to experimental and control groups of 20 people. Participants answered the questionnaires of Loneliness (1980) and social adjustment (1993). Findings from covariance test showed that group meaning therapy was effective in increasing social adjustment and decreasing Loneliness and f values were significant at the level of 0.01. The results in general showed that the use of meaning therapy can be effective in Loneliness and social adjustment of students with physical and motor disabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1498 - Predicting hardiness based on individual social adjustment and aggression in high school boys in Tehran
zahra Paniri Parenaz Banisi Hamidreza WatankhahObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the "prediction of rigidity based on individual-social adjustment and aggression" of adolescents studying in high schools in Tehran. Method: The sample of this study consisted of 341 people selected as a cluster from a MoreObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the "prediction of rigidity based on individual-social adjustment and aggression" of adolescents studying in high schools in Tehran. Method: The sample of this study consisted of 341 people selected as a cluster from among the schools. The instrument of this research is a hard questionnaire on "Kubasa and Madi" 50 items; California Psychological Inventory (CPI) 180 questions and the Arnold H. Aggression Inventory. Bass and Mark Perry is 21 items.The design of this research is correlational. Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and multivariate regression analysis show that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between hardiness and individual and social adjustment of male adolescents at the alpha level of 0.01 (<0.01). P). Discussion and Conclusion: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and multivariate regression analysis show that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between stubbornness and aggression in male adolescents at the alpha level of 0.01 (P <0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1499 - Short Term Load Forecasting by Using ESN Neural Network Hamedan Province Case Study
Milad Sasani -
Open Access Article
1500 - The relationship between cultural consumption and social health (case study :Tehranian citizens 15-65 aged )
akram doosti Abdolreza Adhmi Shahla kazemipoursabatThe relationship between cultural consumption and social health (case study: Tehranian citizens 15-65 aged) Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cultural consumption and social health. The research method, survey and data gathe MoreThe relationship between cultural consumption and social health (case study: Tehranian citizens 15-65 aged) Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cultural consumption and social health. The research method, survey and data gathering tool were a questionnaire. By Using the Cochran formula, 384 citizens of 15 to 65 Tehranians were selected by convenience sampling. To assess the research tools, formal validity and reliability of Cronbach's alpha were used. To test the hypothesis, Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Results showed; There is a significant and positive correlation between the daily study and the social health of respondents (sig=0/000, r=0/729). There is a significant and positive correlation between the art leisure and the social health of respondents (sig=0/000 , r=0/779). There is a significant and positive correlation between the media consumption and the social health of respondents (sig=0/000 , r=0/729). Finally, there is a significant and positive correlation between cultural consumption and social health of respondents (sig=0/010 , r=0/639). Keywords: Cultural consumption, social health, leisure time, media consumption Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1501 - A Sociological Explanation of the Relationship between Internet Addiction and Social Isolation in of the Youth in the City of Tehran
zohreh shabani alireza mohseni tabrizi roza karampourAbstract: The present article explaines the relationship between internet addiction and valuable and social isolation of the 18-29 aged youth in Tehran city. The method of this research was survey analysis and the sample group (384 people) were chosen in stratified way MoreAbstract: The present article explaines the relationship between internet addiction and valuable and social isolation of the 18-29 aged youth in Tehran city. The method of this research was survey analysis and the sample group (384 people) were chosen in stratified way through Cookeran formula. Researcher’s self- made questionnaire with 0.74 relaiability and the content validity was used to gather the data. The researche`s framwork was prepared by using Griffiths (1998), Kim (2000), Affonso (1999), Granovetter (2001), Seeman (1959) & Chalabi and AmirKafi (2004) theories. The obtained results of multiple- regression and path analysis revealed that all six indexes of internet addiction (prominence, mood changing, tolerance, conflict, recurrence) can specify 44 percent of Tehranian adult’s social isolation in which mood changing with = β 0/389 and resignation signs with = β 0/281 had the main effect and portion. In contrast to it, the tolerance with = β 0/269 and recurrence with = β 0/211 were the least affective predictors of adult’s social isolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1502 - The Effectiveness of Elderly on Their Social Alienation ) Case Study: Elderly of Residents in Sanatoriums of City Rasht(
Rahim Hojati Siboni ail moradi Shahla kazemipoursabat Hamid pouryosefiAbstract The aim of this study was to investigate the theoretical model of the relationship between aging and the dimensions of the sociological concept of their religious identity in the statistical community related to sanatoriums of Rasht, in 2019. The present study MoreAbstract The aim of this study was to investigate the theoretical model of the relationship between aging and the dimensions of the sociological concept of their religious identity in the statistical community related to sanatoriums of Rasht, in 2019. The present study is a cross-sectional study of statistical methods based on multiple regression models. The statistical population of this study also includes elderly in the sanatoriums of Rasht, which included six sanatoriums: Maloulin, Kowsar, Shalizar, Maryam, Rangin Kaman Zandegi and Mandegar, which were managed around the clock. A total of 603 elderly people lived in those sanatoriums, of which 235 were selected based on Morgan and Chrissy sampling. After distributing the old age questionnaire, the data about the independent variables and the indicators affecting the dependent variable were collected and analyzed based on multiple regression method and path analysis. After testing the variables related to research hypotheses and using appropriate statistical methods, it was concluded that the social isolation variable had the greatest effect on the tendency of elderly people living in sanatoriums of Rasht to their social alienation and religious identity index had the least effect. Indicators of loneliness and depression were second and third. As a result, it can be stated that although elderly people living in Rasht sanatoriums were less inclined to social alienation due to their desire for solitude, depression, and ultimately social isolation, due to the profound influence of religious identity and religious beliefs in God,, they factors did not have much expansion and comprehensiveness; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1503 - A Sociological analysis of the relationship between youth values and Iranian- Islamic lifestyle (case study: youthof Behshahr)
Kulsoom Tirgari Mansour Haghigitian mohammadali chitsazThe purpose of this study was to analyze the sociological impact of values on Iranian Islamic life style. The statistical population of this study was the youth of Behshahr, the sample size was estimated to be 250 people using sample power software. The research method MoreThe purpose of this study was to analyze the sociological impact of values on Iranian Islamic life style. The statistical population of this study was the youth of Behshahr, the sample size was estimated to be 250 people using sample power software. The research method was documentary and survey. Values were operationalized in the four dimensions of social, political, religious, economic and changing Iranian Islamic lifestyle with indicators of leisure time, body management, communication, consumption and family. The tool of data collection in the documentary section was a questionnaire and in the survey section, a questionnaire was used. The data analysis tool was spss21, amos18 software. The most important findings of the research indicated that values in general have a significant effect on Iranian Islamic lifestyle and according to the coefficient of determination obtained, it can be expected that up to 24% of the variable variance of Iranian Islamic lifestyle It is determined by the values of the youth. Other findings indicated that all dimensions of values have had a significant impact on Iranian Islamic lifestyle, and religious values with 20%, political values with 12%, social values with 11%, and economic values with 6%. They significantly predict the percentage of the variance of Iranian Islamic lifestyle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1504 - Sociological Study of Organizational Work Culture and Its Effects on Promoting Productivity of Public University Staff in Sabzevar City
mehdi moradi Alireza kaldi Seyed Mohammad SeyedmirzaieThe development of a desirable organizational work culture in successful organizations depends on the ability and creativity of individuals to actively participate in the proper management of the work culture. The purpose of this research is to study the sociological st MoreThe development of a desirable organizational work culture in successful organizations depends on the ability and creativity of individuals to actively participate in the proper management of the work culture. The purpose of this research is to study the sociological study of organizational work culture and its effects on the productivity of administrative staff of public universities in Sabzevar. The research method is based on a scientific approach and survey type and a questionnaire is used to collect information. The statistical sample is calculated based on the Cochran formula and the Morgan table of 205 people. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of work culture with each of the components of employee productivity. Among the components of the work culture, organizational dimension, with the correlation coefficient of 0.754, the strongest and economic demension, with a correlation coefficient of 0.448, had the weakest relation with the work culture. Among the components of employee productivity, the partnership demension, with the highest correlation coefficient of 0.855, and the strongest organizational commitment, with a correlation coefficient of 0.557, had the weakest relationship with employee productivity. Also, based on the beta coefficient of regression, the total demensions of work culture explain 68 percent of the variance in employee productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1505 - Investigating the cultural exchanges caused by the influence of Telegram and Instagram social networks On the level of political awareness of students
Abdolazim Pouryosefigabiyeh shahla kazemi pour eraj saiearasiToday's societies with a huge change in technology, have undergone endless changes in people's lives. Many lives have been affected by the influence of these networks and the political dimension in societies and citizens' political awareness is different. The purpose of MoreToday's societies with a huge change in technology, have undergone endless changes in people's lives. Many lives have been affected by the influence of these networks and the political dimension in societies and citizens' political awareness is different. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank influencers. Social networks and the study of cultural exchanges due to the influence of Telegram and Instagram social networks on the level of students' political awareness. Students' political analysis and comparison of their influence on political awareness The survey method has been used. Findings from qualitative analysis of the research show 5 dimensions of interactivity, structural characteristics, practical characteristics, audience and policy in the field of cultural exchange management Influenced by social networks are effective. No significant difference has been reported between the two Telegram and Instagram networks in political awareness. The popularity of Telegram and Instagram in Iran is undeniable and there is no competition with domestic applications. Learning these two tools with its trans-temporal and trans-spatial characteristics has a great role in the political awareness of people, especially students who know how to use these tools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1506 - Examining the opportunities and challenges of virtual education on the individual and society in universities with a hybrid approach
maryam afkhami Mohammad Abbas Zadeh mehran samadi javad alipurSince the end of 2018, due to the spread of the Corona pandemic, virtual education, which had started years before that, spread to all universities and educational centers and became widespread, and as a result, researches about it also expanded and various researches o MoreSince the end of 2018, due to the spread of the Corona pandemic, virtual education, which had started years before that, spread to all universities and educational centers and became widespread, and as a result, researches about it also expanded and various researches on various topics about Identification of efficiency and effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages, etc. regarding virtual education was published. Based on this, the aim of this article is to examine the opportunities and challenges of virtual education in universities with a hybrid approach. Based on this, after reviewing numerous articles from various domestic scientific databases, among 194 researches in this field, 19 articles were selected as final sources for review, analysis, interpretation and classification. Based on the results of the current research, the opportunities and challenges of virtual education were categorized and divided into six components, which include: individual, family, university, technical and infrastructure. virtual education, opportunities, challenges, electronic education, Individual and society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1507 - Investigating jurisprudent basis responsibility results of Crona virus spreading
masooma rezaee zahra FehresteCrona virus is a new desease which has caused many people to die in a short time and this transmitters play an important and basic role in spreading this virus. Investigating this virus in jurisprudence point of view makes a challenge that what is the lawful and jurispr MoreCrona virus is a new desease which has caused many people to die in a short time and this transmitters play an important and basic role in spreading this virus. Investigating this virus in jurisprudence point of view makes a challenge that what is the lawful and jurisprudent results of viruse transmission to the others? If transmitter have committed to a crime and he /she must be punished? or must pays penalties and compensates the losses? It does have various aspects and every which does have certain law. It could be possible that he / she intentionally, transmits virus to the others consciously or unintentionally does that inadvertently and causes the others to die According to jurisprudence basic, making losses or damages, except for exceptions , is considered as crime and considering it is intentionally or else, leads to punishment or penalties. Recently, some of the religious authorities started to give idea of this important point and noted that transmitters are responsible for penalties and medical costs if he/ she does that carelessly. In this article which has done based on library method, it is attempted to provide accurate and credit answer base on jurisprudent - lawful literature according to jurisprudent basis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1508 - Exploration and validation of the antecedents and consequences of block chain acceptance in Iranian financial markets with fuzzy approach
Hamed Heidari Morteza Mousakhani Mahmood Alborzi Ali Divandari Reza RadfarThe purpose of this study is to identify and validate the antecedents and consequences of blockchain acceptance in Iranian financial markets in order to provide the necessary background for assessing the readiness of financial markets for accepting blockchain technology MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify and validate the antecedents and consequences of blockchain acceptance in Iranian financial markets in order to provide the necessary background for assessing the readiness of financial markets for accepting blockchain technology. The implications and implications of blockchain acceptance at four levels, 12 variables, and 53 indices have been extracted from similar research literature in e-commerce and mobile banking. To validate the research indices, in addition to the documentary study, a fuzzy Delphi technique was used to refine the indices, the survey was carried out in three stages, and the results of each step were refined. Data analysis has confirmed 39 indicators. In fact, the results of this study provide useful insights for financial market researchers and policy makers in Iran to evaluate these factors so that they can utilize blockchain applications in the Iranian financial markets by changing the business model used in financial markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1509 - Impact of the Investor's Mood State on Expected Return on Investment
mostafa heidari haratemeh mohsen ameri shahrabiSeveral studies have examined the relationship between investor's mood and economic conditions . This paper examines the effect of investor sentiment on expected return on capital by considering changes in Lucas's model, considering equity and equity market prices in th MoreSeveral studies have examined the relationship between investor's mood and economic conditions . This paper examines the effect of investor sentiment on expected return on capital by considering changes in Lucas's model, considering equity and equity market prices in the context of pricing models and in the context of minor changes. How the slight changes in the mood factors (time preference and risk aversion affect stock prices) are determined and calculated. The results show that: a) The expected rate of return on stocks is inversely related to the investor's mood state; b) When the investor has a good mood state, the effect of the mood state on the expected return on capital increases; c ) The variables of the mood state of affairs are more influential on the investment markets than on the securities market; d) The investor's mood state is an essential factor in the stock return; e) Integrating the investor's mood state with asset pricing patterns can help interpret existing evidence of growing maladies related to investor behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1510 - Developing the Financial Literacy Education Model in Iran using the Grounded Theory Approach
Fatemeh Kazempour dizaji mohammadhamed khanmohammadi Mahmoud MoeinuddinFinancial literacy is the possession of skills and knowledge that allows an individual to make informed and effective decisions. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to develop a model for financial literacy education in Iran using the Grounded Theory app MoreFinancial literacy is the possession of skills and knowledge that allows an individual to make informed and effective decisions. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to develop a model for financial literacy education in Iran using the Grounded Theory approach. The dominant paradigm of the present research is the interpretive and its required data were collected using semi-structured interviews and snowball sampling method. The research interviewees include accounting and financial experts and professors. The open coding method which is specific to the grounded theory approach was used to analyze the research data and conceptual, main and macro categories were extracted. Finally, financial literacy education model were presented including causal, structural, intervener factors as well as strategies for financial literacy education and the consequences of implementing the correct financial literacy education system. The research results shows the main topics that can be used for designing, developing and implementing financial literacy education program in Iran include general headlines, income and savings management, risk management and cost management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1511 - Development of a Hybrid Model of Dynamic Simulation Systems and Network Data Envelopment Analysis to Predict and Evaluate Services Supply Chain (Case Study of Hormozgan Social Security Branches)
taleb pargar Morteza Shafiee Mohamadali Afsharkazemi kiamars fathihafshjaniThe Social Security Organization is the main focus of insurance in the private sector and is the largest insurer and is one of the major economic institutions responsible for providing support to other economic, social and household institutions. Therefore, in order to MoreThe Social Security Organization is the main focus of insurance in the private sector and is the largest insurer and is one of the major economic institutions responsible for providing support to other economic, social and household institutions. Therefore, in order to provide optimal service in the social security organization, it is necessary to design and implement a system of performance evaluation of the appropriate supply chain. For this purpose, in this study, NDEA was used to evaluate the efficiency and performance of the service supply chain in the social security organization. Because conventional DEA models operate on historical information, their greatest weakness is to determine the efficiency of decision-making units in the past and do not provide a framework for the future, so to solve this problem in this study and to predict future inputs and outputs from the method Simulation of system dynamics is used. In order to show the theoretical findings of the new model presented in a practical way, the performance prediction and performance evaluation of 15 Hormozgan provincial social supply chain branches in three years from 95 to 97 have been discussed.Finally, the efficient and inefficient branches were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1512 - Design of Credit Risk Assessment Model by Predicting Credit Rating Transfer Using Markov Chain Process
Farid Heidarifar Farhad Hanifi gholamreza zomorodianIn the present study, he presented a statistical sample related to the information of legal and credit customers of Tejarat Bank, accepted in the stock exchange during the years 1398 to 1399. Using factor analysis technique and Delphi method, the variables affecting cre MoreIn the present study, he presented a statistical sample related to the information of legal and credit customers of Tejarat Bank, accepted in the stock exchange during the years 1398 to 1399. Using factor analysis technique and Delphi method, the variables affecting credit risk were selected and entered into the data envelopment analysis model, and the performance scores of law firms were obtained using them, and then ranked by the Fitch Institute model. Performing and using the results to predict the movement of customers in different groups using the Markov chain process. The results of data envelopment analysis indicate that 7 companies were identified as efficient in the financial approach and 12 companies in the combined approach. The results of the Markov chain show that the average probability of stopping at the current rank in 1400 in the financial condition is 46% and in the combined mode is 53%, the average probability of improving the situation of companies is 23% and the average probability of falling is 20%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1513 - The Impact of Investor's Cognitive Psychology on Decision Making and Financial Policy
mostafa heidari haratemeh Vahid Araei seyed mahmod eslamiThe cognitive psychological conditions of the investor can influence the financial decision regarding the selection of priorities, risk assessment. In this regard, this article examines how the investor's mood affects the financial decision by making minor changes in th MoreThe cognitive psychological conditions of the investor can influence the financial decision regarding the selection of priorities, risk assessment. In this regard, this article examines how the investor's mood affects the financial decision by making minor changes in the "Lucas" model. The results showed: a) The investor with a better Mood state, has less risk aversion and vice versa. b) Increasing time preference significantly increases the price of capital and reduces the accuracy of forecasts for return on investment. c) Mood State variables have a greater impact on investment markets than on the securities market. Finally, by considering the role of investor Mood State in asset pricing models, objective evidence of growing anomalies in the capital market can be justified. Human behavior is influenced by both the senses and the intellect, so neither should be left out in economic decisions. Therefore, paying attention to the Mood state variable in the investor can help explain the sharp fluctuations in the capital market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1514 - Investigating the Dynamic relations between the Trend of Tehran Stock Exchange’s index and the Cumulative Funds' Cash Flow".
mirfeiz fallah Amirhosseyn shamaeezadehThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the net cash flows of the Tehran Stock Exchange funds and the Tehran Stock Exchange index during the period of 2013 to December 2019, using the information of the 10 largest active mutual funds establi MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the net cash flows of the Tehran Stock Exchange funds and the Tehran Stock Exchange index during the period of 2013 to December 2019, using the information of the 10 largest active mutual funds established and active in the Tehran Stock Exchange during this period. .In this study, an index of net cash flows into mutual funds daily and cumulatively is considered as a measure of cash flow compared to the TSE Index (TEDPIX). The results of this test indicate that the two indices are coherent in series and their relationships are significant in the long run. Also, the Granger causality test was used to examine the interrelationships between these two indices.The results of this test showed that there is an interaction between the two indices. This means that in the long run, both indices affect each other so net cash inflows to the funds can be a measure for predicting the overall indices trend but with Attention to the behavioral errors identified in similar articles.for predicting the index cannot be relied solely on net cash inflows into the funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1515 - Explain the views of financial market and media experts on the role of news marketing in the development of financial markets
sara aliyari Seyed Reza NaghibulSadat Hamidreza Hosseini Dana Bibisadat miresmailiThe significant role of the media in providing information in the modern world has led to the improvement of the notification position in investment decisions and people always try to make the most appropriate decision by using information and news. Investors always pur MoreThe significant role of the media in providing information in the modern world has led to the improvement of the notification position in investment decisions and people always try to make the most appropriate decision by using information and news. Investors always purposefully use media products to raise awareness and make more profit. This kind of view is not only related to financial market investors but also media activists who always try to gain more market shares during competition by looking at the news as a product. Considering the focus of media function on the two main elements of awareness and information, this study seeks to survey the views of financial and media market participants on the role of news marketing in financial markets and its impact on market development in cognition and specify the connection between two mentioned views and draw a new roadmap for media activists. The research is established on Q-method and the required information has been extracted and processed through a questionnaire. Based on the results, financial market and media activists have a free macro-managerial tendency as well as believing in the requirement to use news marketing for developing financial markets. Also, they emphasize factors such as independence in general, independence from government, and the authority to freely disseminate information in financial markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1516 - Explain the factors affecting stock liquidity using genetic algorithm and minimum and maximum correlation (MRMR) methods
Mahmoud Rezaei Hossein Panahian Mahdi Madanchi Zaj Hasan GhodratiLiquidity of stocks is an important challenge in the capital market. Identifying the factors affecting liquidity helps to predict the stock liquidity situation and thus stock risk management. The purpose of this study is to find the factors affecting the liquidity of st MoreLiquidity of stocks is an important challenge in the capital market. Identifying the factors affecting liquidity helps to predict the stock liquidity situation and thus stock risk management. The purpose of this study is to find the factors affecting the liquidity of stocks. For this purpose, in the first stage, using the research literature and experts, the influencing factors are identified and using the methods of minimum redundancy and maximum correlation (MRMR) and genetic algorithm, the effective variables are selected. In this research, using Excel software and existing raw data, the required data was created and then using support software and neural network toolbox and support vector machine was created. . Finally, the extracted variables using MRMR include stock market value, intensity of product market competition, GDP growth, equity returns, stock returns, inflation rate and family ownership, and using the financial model of financial leverage, government ownership, Equity returns, GDP growth, share buoyancy percentage, market type and board (on the stock exchange and OTC), the intensity of competition in the product market were selected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1517 - Description of the Model of Urban Design Qualities of Social Bridges
Zahra Jamshidian Seyyed Ali Safavi Ehsan RanjbarAbstract As a dominant approach in the literature on urban design, walkable urban spaces are of great importance. So, the concept of "bridge as a social space" which has a valuable place, especially in Iran, can be redefined and used in the development of today's spaces MoreAbstract As a dominant approach in the literature on urban design, walkable urban spaces are of great importance. So, the concept of "bridge as a social space" which has a valuable place, especially in Iran, can be redefined and used in the development of today's spaces. Social bridges have many benefits that can be effective at different levels from the neighborhood to the world in addition to their walkability because they have great potential for creative design and can be used to fulfill goals such as establishing social interactions, creating collective memories, creating identity, and dynamic functioning for cities. This qualitative study was conducted to identify the factors that make urban bridges successful social spaces. For this purpose, after reviewing the theoretical foundations and world experiences, two bridges of Tehran, where urban life flows, were examined. The visitors to these spaces were randomly selected and interviewed in-depth concerning the qualities of the space. The interviews were continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The collected data were then analyzed by content analysis. The results indicated that the criteria for the qualities of social bridges are based on functional and perceptual components.Keywords: urban design qualities, social bridges, walkable bridges, walkability, Pedestrian promenade. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1518 - The Effect of Auditor's Professional Identity on the Relationship between the Self-efficacy of Auditor-client Negotiations and Objectivity
زهره عارف منش مهران موسویAbstract The present study first examines the relationship between auditor's negotiations self-efficacy and auditor's objectivity and then, examines the mpderating role of auditor's professional identity in the relationship between auditor's negotiations self-efficacy MoreAbstract The present study first examines the relationship between auditor's negotiations self-efficacy and auditor's objectivity and then, examines the mpderating role of auditor's professional identity in the relationship between auditor's negotiations self-efficacy and auditor's objectivity. The statistical population of the study are auditors working in Yazd auditing institutes. For sample size calculation, the Cochran's formula in unlimited statistical population mood was used and sample was selected by the simple random sampling method. After confirming the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in PLS. The results of 210 completed questionnaires show that the effect of auditor's negotiations self-efficacy on auditor objectivity is positive and significant and the moderating role of auditor's professional identity in the relationship between auditor's negotiations self-efficacy and auditor's objectivity is confirmed. The Coefficient of moderating variable is positive and indicate that the relationship between auditor's negotiations self-efficacy and auditor's objectivity strengthens in the presence o professional identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1519 - The Impact of Auditor Conservatism and the Uncertainty of Economic Policies on Profit Quality
بهزاد قربانی فرزانه پورطاهر اقدم فریدون رهنما رودپشتیAbstract This research examines the effect of auditors conservatism on Earnings Quality despite the uncertainty of economic policies in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. .Conservatism of auditors was calculated and evaluated using the model of Chong et al. (20 MoreAbstract This research examines the effect of auditors conservatism on Earnings Quality despite the uncertainty of economic policies in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. .Conservatism of auditors was calculated and evaluated using the model of Chong et al. (2003). (Auditor Conservatism based on Basu's model (1997) and the use of the ranking of the audit institutions in accordance with the classification guidelines of the audit institutions and entities subject to Article 10 of the Trusteeship Audit Institutions Code of the Stock Exchange). Jones' modified model (1995) used to measure the earnings quality. In this regard, 150 companies from listed companies were selected for systematic elimination during 2013-2019. The research regression model was tested and tested using static effects approach using panel data . The results of the research hypothesis test showed that auditor conservatism has a positive effect and economic policy uncertainty has a negative effect on profit quality. In other words, the conservatism of auditors leads to an increase in the quality of profits and the uncertainty of economic policies leads to a decrease in the quality of corporate profits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1520 - The Evaluation of Compliance of Accounting Information Systems of Tehran Municipality with the Principles of ISO 9241 Standard
Mahdi Piri Sagharloo Rezvan HejaziAbstract The present study was conducted with the aim of comparative evaluation of the usability of Tehran Municipality's comprehensive financial software (Finance) using the usability scale and the effect of four factors (gender, age, professional work experience and MoreAbstract The present study was conducted with the aim of comparative evaluation of the usability of Tehran Municipality's comprehensive financial software (Finance) using the usability scale and the effect of four factors (gender, age, professional work experience and occupation).This research is included in the group of descriptive, cross-sectional and survey researches. The necessary information was collected through questionnaires distributed among users working in Tehran Municipality in 2023. Questionnaire questions were classified into seven groups, each group representing each of the applicability criteria in the ISO 9241-10 standard. The data were analyzed by independent t-tests, analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The findings showed that four factors (gender, age, professional work experience and job) have a significant effect on users' understanding of the applicability of Tehran Municipality's comprehensive financial software according to the seven principles of ISO 9241-10 standard. In general, users' evaluations about the compliance of Tehran Municipality's comprehensive financial software with ISO 9241-10 standard are different. Therefore, more attention is needed in the field of software upgrade, especially the development of reporting capabilities and levels of accounts, management and training of the software for the needs of urban management and users. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1521 - The Effect of Other Cash Flow Classes on the Relationship between Managers' Overconfidence and Operational Cash Flow Management
شهناز مشایخ نسترن میرزاییAbstractThe aim of this paper is to find the answers to hypotheses such as, can CEO's overconfidence lead to increases in their action towards management of Cash Flow from Operations (CFO) , do Cash Flow from finance (CFF) and Cash Flow from investment (CFI) have the ef MoreAbstractThe aim of this paper is to find the answers to hypotheses such as, can CEO's overconfidence lead to increases in their action towards management of Cash Flow from Operations (CFO) , do Cash Flow from finance (CFF) and Cash Flow from investment (CFI) have the effect on the relation between CEO's overconfidence and the management of Cash Flow from Operations?The samples used in this study are all companies listed on the Tehran stock exchange, that based on the systematic elimination sampling method, 146 companies or in other word 876 year-firm was selected as statistical sample. This study is correlation analysis of post-event panel data. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to test the hypothesis. Stata software version 15 and Eviews version 12 were also used for statistical analysis.The result of testing the research first hypothesis shows that the CEO's overconfidence has positive effect on the management of Cash Flow from Operations. The second finding also indicates that, Cash Flow from finance (CFF) and Cash Flow from investment (CFI) have the negative effect on the relation between CEO's overconfidence and the management of Cash Flow from Operations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1522 - Content Analysis of Investment Efficiency Measurement Methods (In Internal Research)
Amir Dolatkhah Sayed Ali Vaez Mehdi BasiratAbstractThe researchers obtain deep insight into research by studying the literature on the subject. However, time and resources limit the scope of the study. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate and analyze the quantitative and qualitative content of met MoreAbstractThe researchers obtain deep insight into research by studying the literature on the subject. However, time and resources limit the scope of the study. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate and analyze the quantitative and qualitative content of methods of measuring investment efficiency. The statistical sample includes all articles published from the years 2009 to 2020 on the investment efficiency topic in the "www.sid.ir". The results showed that, IN 72 articles, 26 models have been modeled using 30 variables (in 121 repetitions). 55.6 percent (40 articles) have used models based on sales growth 15 articles (20.8 percent) have used QTOBIN. Also, 35 articles (48.61%) are without the use control variable. The dominant method is to use the univariate model of sales growth with a share of 32% (23 articles) of all articles. Because the results of data-based research are highly sensitive to variable selection and data quality, the results obtained from models based on sales growth and QTOBIN may be affected by factors such as inflation, the book value of assets, and weak market efficiency. Researchers should determine effective factors that are likely to lead to measurement error before choosing the variables of the research model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1523 - The Effect of Managers' Ability on The Relationship Between the Quality of Accounting Information and Investor Behavior and Trading Performance
kevan azizi farzad eivani hadis abdi Seyed Javad DellavariAbstractIn the behavioral financial paradigm, the human hypothesis as a rational being that always succeeds in optimizing its interests is questioned. Proponents of behavioral finance know that the knowledge of "psychological inclinations" in the field of investment is MoreAbstractIn the behavioral financial paradigm, the human hypothesis as a rational being that always succeeds in optimizing its interests is questioned. Proponents of behavioral finance know that the knowledge of "psychological inclinations" in the field of investment is absolutely necessary and requires serious development of the field of study. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between financial ratios as a measure of accounting information on the pattern of behavior and trading performance of investors and also to investigate the effect of managers' ability on this relationship. In order to achieve the research goal, 105 companies were selected from the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, by systematic elimination method and tested using EViews and Stata software. The results of testing the hypotheses have shown that among the components of financial ratios; There was a significant relationship between current ratio, current ratio, gross profit ratio, total debt to equity ratio, total debt to total assets ratio, return on assets ratio and earnings per share ratio with investors' trading behavior and performance. The present results showed that in the content of accounting information, especially using some financial ratios, investors' trading behavior and performance can be predicted. On the other hand, the findings indicate a significant effect of managers' ability on the relationship between financial ratios (current ratio, instantaneous ratio, gross profit ratio and earnings per share ratio) and the trading behavior and performance of investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1524 - The Role of Accruals in Mitigating Timing and Matching Issues of Cash Flows
Sara Salimi Ghale hosein etemadi Javad Rezazade Mansour MomeniAbstractOne purpose of accrual accounting is to mitigate the timing and matching problems inherent in cash flows. Cash flows have timing and matching properties that impair their ability to measure performance. Net cash receipts and payments can occur in periods that di MoreAbstractOne purpose of accrual accounting is to mitigate the timing and matching problems inherent in cash flows. Cash flows have timing and matching properties that impair their ability to measure performance. Net cash receipts and payments can occur in periods that differ from the economic event (the timing or spreading problem), and cash inflows and outflows from a given economic event might occur in different periods (the matching problem). The economic role of accruals is to mitigate these timing and matching issues. These problems cause temporary fluctuations in cash flows. Accruals smooth temporary timing fluctuations in operating cash flows and thus it is expected to find a negative correlation between accruals and changes in cash flows. It is also expected that the negative correlation between accruals and cash-flow changes grows as cash flow problems intensify because accruals will increasingly counteract cash flow changes as a firm’s cash flows increasingly stray from desired properties. According to Dechow et al. (1998), the negative serial correlation in cash flow changes shows the cash flow timing and matching problem. The timing and matching problems of cash flows counteract each other. The timing problem leads to a positive serial correlation in cash flow changes. While the matching problem leads to a negative serial correlation in cash flow changes. According to Dechow et al. (1998) model, the serial correlation in cash flow changes is a function of operating cash cycle and profit margin and the magnitude of negative serial correlation in cash flow changes depends on the relative magnitude of the operating cash cycle and the profit margin. The longer the operating cash cycle and the smaller the profit margin, the negative serial correlation in cash flow changes is more severe. So it is expected that the negative correlation between accruals and cash-flow changes grow as the negative serial correlation in cash flow changes is severe (longer operating cash cycle and smaller profit margin). This study investigates the extent to which accruals are reconciled whit their ultimate purpose in mitigating timing and matching problems inherent in cash flows. A sample of 153 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE),,is analyzed using panel data regression models. we observed that there is a negative correlation between accruals and cash-flow changes and this negative correlation increases as the timing and matching problems of cash flows become more severe. The results of this study show that accruals are used to mitigate timing and matching problems of cash flow and firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange use accruals more when there are more problems with cash flows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1525 - The Impact of Accounting Information Quality and Monetary Policy on Bankruptcy Prediction
Mohammad Hossein Setyesh milad rahimiAbstractThis study has investigated the effect of the accounting information quality and monetary policy on bankruptcy prediction. For this purpose, a sample of 135 companies was selected from the admitted companies in the stock exchange. In order to collect the needed MoreAbstractThis study has investigated the effect of the accounting information quality and monetary policy on bankruptcy prediction. For this purpose, a sample of 135 companies was selected from the admitted companies in the stock exchange. In order to collect the needed data to calculate variables in the research, Rahvardnovin database, Tehran Stock Exchange Organization database and Central Bank database were used. Eviews software and fixed effects panel data regression model have been used to analyze the collected data. This study is useful for financial analysts, managers, accountants and policy makers in order to evaluate the financial position and predict financial bankruptcy of companies. The results of the hypothesis test show that all three hypotheses are not rejected and indicate that the accounting information quality in interaction with monetary policy has a positive and significant effect on bankruptcy prediction. The estimated coefficient of the accounting information quality in the interaction with monetary policy on predicting premature bankruptcy is lower than the coefficients of the variables accounting information quality and monetary policy on predicting premature bankruptcy, and this shows that the interaction of the accounting information quality and monetary policy has a moderating role on It has predicted premature bankruptcy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1526 - Operating Cash Flow Manipulation and Auditor's Opinion: The Moderator Role of Internal Control and Audit Firms Ranking
Mostafa Ezadpour Ali Mohammad Kordi Fatemeh Tavousi Zahra Heydari Sureshjani AbstractOperating cash flow is considered as a performance indicator for users, which provides complete information about the operational positon of the company. However, management may manipulate the information of operating cash flows in order to achieve its goa More AbstractOperating cash flow is considered as a performance indicator for users, which provides complete information about the operational positon of the company. However, management may manipulate the information of operating cash flows in order to achieve its goals. Therefore, there is a need for an auditor to review and monitor information. Auditors provide an modified opinion by conforming the financial statements to the accounting standards and discovering this manipulation. Also, the presence of top-ranked auditors and the existence of strong internal control lead to stronger supervision in the company and intensify this relationship. Due to the importance of this issue and the lack of research, this study deals with the management of the operational cash flow and the auditor's opinion, by emphasis on the moderator role of the internal control and the audit firm ranking. In this regard, a sample including 130 companies listed to the Tehran Stock Exchange was selected. Examining the results of the multiple regression test showed that companies that perform more operational cash flow manipulation face more audit modified reports. Also, the presence of the first-ranked audit firms in the company leads to the intensification of the management of the operational cash flow and themodified audit report. However, internal control in the company is not able to influence the relationship between management of operating cash flow and audit report. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1527 - Conceptual Explanation of the Effectiveness of Trading Volume around Earnings Announcements
حسن چناری بهمن بنی مهدAbstract The objective of this research is conceptual explanation of the effectiveness of Trading Volume around Earnings Announcements. The method of the present research is the method of historical cognition in the framework of library studies and is of the type of th MoreAbstract The objective of this research is conceptual explanation of the effectiveness of Trading Volume around Earnings Announcements. The method of the present research is the method of historical cognition in the framework of library studies and is of the type of theoretical-critical research and based on research related to the subject.In general, the analytical approach has at least 4 important features; First, this view is often textual, meaning that it accepts that accounting has economic, political, and social implications. Second, this theory seeks participation and interaction. This means that it is always looking to change or improve accounting practices. Third, it is related to both micro (individuals and organizations) and macro (profession and society) levels, and the fourth is interdisciplinary and relates to, borrows from, and combines with other systems. Therefore, the critical view is more related to the accounting profession, system and procedures than traditional studies.The principle of disclosure is considered as one of the principles of accounting and according to this principle, all information related to the activities of the company should be provided to various groups in an appropriate and timely manner. In other words, information disclosure can be used to transfer information from a specific domain to a general domain. Proper and quality disclosure will improve transparency and reduce information asymmetry and market effectiveness.The effects that determine fluctuations in the capital market are innumerable. Past, present, and even neglected events are reflected in market prices, but often do not show a clear relationship with price changes.The results of this study provide useful theoretical information for policy makers and institutions that develop accounting standards on the quality of financial reporting for investors and develop the results of behavioral research in the field of finance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1528 - Disclosure of Social Responsibility, Stock Price Informativeness with an Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Corporate Governance
zahra karimi Farzane NasirzadeAbstractStock price informativeness, as a measure of the future state of the company to express information that is not easily accessible to outsiders is very attractive among investors and capital market analysts. In addition, if entities can base their financial decis MoreAbstractStock price informativeness, as a measure of the future state of the company to express information that is not easily accessible to outsiders is very attractive among investors and capital market analysts. In addition, if entities can base their financial decisions on stock prices; They will be able to reduce the differences between market factors and information about the company and achieve a consistent pattern in their strategic decisions. To achieve this goal, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social responsibility disclosure, Stock price informativeness with emphasis on the mediating role of corporate governance. For this purpose, the data of 186 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using a regression model based on composite data and using Eviews8 software has been tested. The statistical results of testing the research hypotheses show that there is a positive and significant relationship between corporate social responsibility and Stock price informativeness and corporate governance. Therefore, the mediating role of corporate governance is approved. Therefore, in companies with higher social responsibility, the impact of corporate social responsibility and corporate governance on, Stock price informativeness is stronger at the same time.Research innovation: This research is the first research that has examined the relationship between disclosure of social responsibility and stock price informativeness in Iran as a developing country. The present research helps to develop science and knowledge in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1529 - The Relationship between Managers' Efficiency in Creating Operational Cash Flows on Real Earnings Management
Mohaddese Abedini Bahman Banimahd Mehdi Moradzadehfard Azam Shokri CheshmehsabziAbstractBusiness enterprise management should always look for opportunities to increase the value of the company. Without generating sufficient cash, new products cannot be produced and sold, therefore, the value of fim will not improve without generating sufficient ope MoreAbstractBusiness enterprise management should always look for opportunities to increase the value of the company. Without generating sufficient cash, new products cannot be produced and sold, therefore, the value of fim will not improve without generating sufficient operating cash. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flow based on data envelopment analysis, in line with the goals of financial reporting, and then examine the relationship between the efficiency score and real earnings management. The statistical population of the research is the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Theoretical foundations and research data have been collected according to library studies. Multivariable linear regression was used for statistical analysis. The results of this research show that the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flows during the research period is a downward trend. Also, the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flows has a negative and significant relationship with real earnings management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1530 - The Effect of Managers 'Behavioral Bias on Auditors' Strategies in the Face of Audit Risk
نازنین بشیری منش احسان مداح فهیمه آگاهیAbstract In the face of audit risk and reducing litigation, auditors use a variety of strategies, such as increasing the level of auditing tests, increasing clauses, and changing clients. Given that managers are responsible for preparing the company's financial stateme MoreAbstract In the face of audit risk and reducing litigation, auditors use a variety of strategies, such as increasing the level of auditing tests, increasing clauses, and changing clients. Given that managers are responsible for preparing the company's financial statements, the behavioral characteristics of managers affect decision-making and information presentation approaches. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of managers 'bias on auditors' strategies in the face of audit risk. In this regard, a sample including 129 observations (year-company), the effect of managers' behavioral bias on remuneration, delay in submitting a report, commenting on the distortion clause and changing the auditor were investigated. Findings showed that managers 'focus on short-term goals, reputation and high percentage of managers' ownership leads to more effort and accuracy in the audit process and increase audit fees. The results also showed that managers' uncertainty and fortification have a negative and significant relationship with the delay of the audit report. This means that more confident managers are trying to pay less for auditing so that they can invest more in assets by reducing costs. According to the research findings, short-sightedness and narcissism of managers have a positive and significant relationship with condition clauses of audit importance. Managers who seek to gain benefits and career advancement or self-esteem and reputation gain by manipulating information increase the likelihood of receiving important condition clauses from the independent auditor. The findings also showed that the behavioral characteristics of managers have no effect on the change of auditor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1531 - Investigating the Effect of Accounting Personnel Quality on Audit Fees and Content of Audit Report
Fariba Maleki Masoumeh AlaviAbstractConsidering that today accounting information systems have played a very important role in the workflow of organizations and in the economic environment of countries, have an important role to play, so the validation of this information can increase its reliabil MoreAbstractConsidering that today accounting information systems have played a very important role in the workflow of organizations and in the economic environment of countries, have an important role to play, so the validation of this information can increase its reliability. Employees play a very important role in the activities of the company and can lead to the improvement of accounting processes with their positive role in information reliability. Therefore, in this study, The effect of Accounting Personnel Quality on audit fees and content of audit report in accepted companies Tehran Stock Exchange has been paid. In this study, 118 companies in the period 2013-2019 have been studied. To test the hypotheses, panel and logistic regression model was used. The research findings show that the quality of accounting staff has a significant negative effect on audit fees and the number of clauses after commenting and a significant positive effect on the type of comment (towards acceptable comment). Finally, the quality of accounting staff does not have a significant effect on the number of condition clauses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1532 - The Effect of Risk on Stock Prices of Banks and Insurance Companies with Regard to the Role of Corporate Governance Mechanisms
سحر پژوهی امین ناظمی نویدرضا نمازیAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of risk on stock prices of banks and insurance companies with respect to the moderating role of corporate governance mechanisms. For this purpose, the data of 24 banks and 25 insurance companies listed on MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of risk on stock prices of banks and insurance companies with respect to the moderating role of corporate governance mechanisms. For this purpose, the data of 24 banks and 25 insurance companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2010 to 2019 were studied. Multivariate regression model were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that in banks, market risk has a positive and significant effect on stock prices and the variables of credit risk and liquidity risk have a negative and significant effect on the stock price of the banking industry. In insurance companies, market risk and liquidity risk have a positive and significant effect on stock prices and credit risk has a negative and significant effect on stock prices in this industry. Also, the findings on risk showed that in the credit risk of banks, the variables of institutional ownership, independent committee and audit committee have a negative and significant effect on the stock price of the banks. In banks' market risk, the variables of the independent committee and the audit committee have a negative and significant effect on the bank's stock price. In addition, in the credit risk of insurance companies, managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on the company's stock price and the size of the board has a negative and significant effect on the company's stock price. In the market risk of insurance companies, managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on the company's stock price and the independent committee has a negative and significant effect on the company's stock price. In the liquidity risk of insurance companies, managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on the company's stock price. The results of this study can help managers of banks and insurance companies to make strategic decisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1533 - The role of organizational intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and emotional intelligence on auditor's judgment and decision-making in auditing institutions
Zaniar Ahmadi Zahra PourzamaniAbstract Thelis research investigates the role of organizational intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and emotional intelligence on auditor's judgment and decision-making in auditing institutions. The current research is an applied and descriptive-correlation research MoreAbstract Thelis research investigates the role of organizational intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and emotional intelligence on auditor's judgment and decision-making in auditing institutions. The current research is an applied and descriptive-correlation research in nature. The field part of the research was collected through the distribution of questionnaires in the target community. The statistical population included 1300 certified accountants and professional managers of the understudy audit firms. The sample size according to Cochran's formula, was 297 (n = 297). To measure multiple intelligences, the 7-question questionnaire of Karl Albrecht's organizational intelligence (2003), the 8-question questionnaire of King's spiritual intelligence (SISRI-24) and the 8-question questionnaire of Krohn's emotional intelligence (2007) were used. And to measure auditors' judgment and decision-making, Hart's questionnaire (2012) has been used. whose six indicators include a culture infected with fraud, communication with others and business, financial pressure, the opportunity to commit a violation, behavioral changes of the violator, and signs of violation. The general structure of the research questionnaires was subject to content construct validity and the validity of the questionnaire is confirmed. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability have also been used to measure reliability, which has acceptable reliability. The results indicated that multiple intelligences (organizational intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and emotional intelligence) had an impact on auditor's judgment and decision-making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1534 - The Relationship between the Added Value of Intellectual Capital, the Efficiency of Human Capital with an Emphasis on Growth and their Effect on the Growth of Per Capita Income of Employees in Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Alireza Aarabi Mehrdad Panahi Dorcheh Mehdi Arab salehiAbstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the added value of intellectual capital, the efficiency of human capital, with an emphasis on growth and their effect on the growth of export income per capita of employees in companie MoreAbstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the added value of intellectual capital, the efficiency of human capital, with an emphasis on growth and their effect on the growth of export income per capita of employees in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The export performance of companies is influenced by various internal and external factors. Some of the internal factors include knowledge of target markets and presence in international production networks, which are among the knowledge capital of companies. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of nature and method. In order to calculate the intellectual capital, the coefficient of added value of the intellectual capital has been used, and to calculate the export, the ratio of export sales to the total sales of the company has been used. Hypotheses have been tested using linear regression. The statistical population is all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. A statistical sample of 178 companies was selected between 2016 and 2020. The results show that there is a positive relationship between intellectual capital, human capital efficiency and export income. Also, there is a positive relationship between the growth of human capital and the growth of export earnings. However, contrary to the initial expectation, no evidence was found that the growth of intellectual capital is effective on the growth of export income. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken through ways such as proper corporate governance, timely and proper policy making. It is suggested that the accounting standards give a special role and importance to intellectual capital (as a factor influencing the added value of the company). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1535 - Comparison of Signaling the Types of Profit and Their Impacts on Excess Stock Returns
Atiyeh Alikhani Afsaneh Soroushyar AbstractPredicting stock returns is one of the main concerns of investors, because by this means they can get higher returns at a certain level of risk. Analyzing the information content in financial statements leads to increase the investor learning and changing More AbstractPredicting stock returns is one of the main concerns of investors, because by this means they can get higher returns at a certain level of risk. Analyzing the information content in financial statements leads to increase the investor learning and changing the signaling of profit. This change can cause investors to change their perspective in using alternative measures of net income, such as gross profit and operating profit, and affect the acquisition of excess stock returns. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to compare the signaling of net income, gross profit and operating profit and compare the effect of profit on the excess returns in companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research hypotheses are tested by regression analysis based on panel data, the five-factor model of Fama French (2015) and using the sample data includes 135 companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The results revealed that the net income signals are higher than the operating profit. The research result also indicates the net income signals are higher than the gross profit. Another result shows that net income has a greater ability to generate excess stock returns than gross profit and operating profit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1536 - Managerial Efficiency, Adjustment Delay Stock Price and Stock Price Informational Efficiency
mahdi filsaraeiAbstractIn fact, the timeliness of price discovery refers to the speed of information reflected in prices. There is no reason for the same reflection speed of all information related to the company in the stock price. Also, there is no reason for the same speed of disco MoreAbstractIn fact, the timeliness of price discovery refers to the speed of information reflected in prices. There is no reason for the same reflection speed of all information related to the company in the stock price. Also, there is no reason for the same speed of discovering the stock price of all active companies in the market. The adjustment of the stock price is done so quickly that it is not possible to predict and earn additional profit through the available information. On the other hand, managers with higher ability are able to predict changes in economic conditions that can affect the company's activities. Also, in order to increase investors' confidence in the company, they provide them with more reliable information, so that information asymmetry is reduced. By reducing the information asymmetry, the stock price informational efficiency increases and the delay in the adjustment of the stock price decreases. Considering the importance of managers' efficiency, in this research, the effect of managers' efficiency on the stock prices information efficiency and the delay in stock price adjustments has been investigated. Using a sample of 113 companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange and using multivariate regression to test the hypotheses, the results of the research show that increasing the managers' efficiency reduces the delay in stock price adjustment. In addition, the results showed a significant positive effect of managers' efficiency on the information efficiency of stock prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1537 - Anatomical Analysis of Noise Transactions and Pricing Error
Marziye Abdolbaghi Ataabadi Abdolmajid Abdolbaghi AtaabadiAbstractBehavioral finance is one of the main factors of market defects, which focuses on the systematic occurrence of decision-making errors by investors and managers, and studies how investors and managers make systematic and mental errors in their judgments, and expr MoreAbstractBehavioral finance is one of the main factors of market defects, which focuses on the systematic occurrence of decision-making errors by investors and managers, and studies how investors and managers make systematic and mental errors in their judgments, and expresses the lack of rational behavior of investors in the capital market, which leads to The creation of stock price differences is due to its intrinsic value. The purpose of the current research is to analyze the anatomy of noisy transactions and pricing errors caused by the entry of uninformed traders. The statistical population of this research is the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange and its statistical sample includes the data of 113 companies. The sampling method was systematic elimination. The method used to estimate the model is the multivariate regression method using the combined data method. The research results show that noise trading has a positive and significant effect on the level of stock pricing error. Also, the pricing error is different at different levels of noise trading; That is, the more the noise, the more the pricing error. This is despite the fact that in addition to the fluctuations of noise transactions, the B/M ratio also affects it. In other words, the pricing error is different at different levels of B/M ratio. As a result, according to the results of the research, the entry of uninformed traders in the stock market creates noise and causes the deviation of the stock price. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1538 - The Relationship between Tax Avoidance and Internal Control Weaknesses
شکراله خواجوی غلامرضا رضایی لیلا فانیAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of internal control weaknesses on tax avoidance for the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Hence, an attempt will be made to answer the following question: “Is there a significant relationsh MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of internal control weaknesses on tax avoidance for the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Hence, an attempt will be made to answer the following question: “Is there a significant relationship between internal control weaknesses and firms’ tax avoidance?” The research population composes of total companies listed in the TSE and statistical sample composes of 76 companies. The regression and analysis of variance whit SPSS-22 and Eviews-9 software is used for testing hypothesis of the research. The results suggest that there is a positive relationship between internal control weaknesses and firms’ tax avoidance. Also, the results showed that the effective tax rate is low for companies with high weaknesses in internal controls, but this does not apply to book tax differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1539 - Investigating the Relationship between the Prevalence of Quid 19 and the Stock Price Crash Risk with Emphasis on the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Tehran Stock Exchange
Zeinab Rezaei Ali TamoradiAbstractStock Price Crash Risk is a phenomenon in which stock prices undergo a sharp and negative sharp adjustment. On the other hand, if a company with a high social responsibility culture adheres to the same high level of ethical standards in financial reporting, it w MoreAbstractStock Price Crash Risk is a phenomenon in which stock prices undergo a sharp and negative sharp adjustment. On the other hand, if a company with a high social responsibility culture adheres to the same high level of ethical standards in financial reporting, it will face a higher level of transparency and a lower level of bad news accumulation, so such companies are expected to risk falling stock prices. Decrease. also, in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, the impact of this disease on socially responsible companies and the risk of falling stock prices has not been determined. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between the prevalence of COVID-19 and the risk of Stock Price Crash Risk with emphasis on the role of social responsibility in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2015 to 2021 using the information of 130 selected companies. The results showed that social responsibility has a negative and significant effect on the risk of falling stock prices. The results also showed that with the increase and epidemic of COVID-19 disease, the risk of falling stock prices has increased. In such a situation, the managers try to keep the negative news of the company, which is caused by the imposed conditions of Corona, as secret as possible, and thus the outbreak of Covid 19 disease leads to an increased risk of falling stock prices. The effect of social responsibility on the risk of falling stock prices before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 was significantly different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1540 - stock return prediction models; Estimating the distribution of total market returns and its fluctuations based on the Laplace distribution
Masoumeh Mohammadi Ledari Iman DadashiAbstractIn most return forecasting models, the return of the total market is used as one of the factors affecting the return of securities. In most of these models, such as the pricing model of capital assets and Black-Scholes, the data distribution is assumed to be nor MoreAbstractIn most return forecasting models, the return of the total market is used as one of the factors affecting the return of securities. In most of these models, such as the pricing model of capital assets and Black-Scholes, the data distribution is assumed to be normal. This is while the distribution of the total return is not necessarily normal and often has a significant difference from the normal distribution. If such a hypothesis is confirmed, the expected return predicted by these models will not be very effective in financial decisions. The purpose of this research is to model the total return of Tehran Stock Exchange based on the Laplace distribution and examine the dependence of the total return fluctuations on the desired distribution. In order to examine the distribution of the total daily return and its weekly fluctuations, data related to a 15-year period between 1387 and 1401 and R statistical software were used. The data analysis showed that the total daily return followed the Laplace distribution and the weekly fluctuations of the total return followed the distribution obtained based on the Laplace distribution. These findings make the use of models with the assumption of normality of total return to predict stock returns in Tehran Stock Exchange a major challenge and are a clear proof of the ineffectiveness of these models. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1541 - The Effective Factors on Efficient Audit Committee
یونس امجدیان رضا غلامی جمکرانیAbstract Audit committees are one of the main pillars of corporate governance, the efficiency of which is of considerable importance in achieving the goals of this system. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for evaluating the performance of audit committee MoreAbstract Audit committees are one of the main pillars of corporate governance, the efficiency of which is of considerable importance in achieving the goals of this system. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for evaluating the performance of audit committees on a local basis. The present research method was qualitative and data were collected through interviews with experts in the field of auditing. In the present study, the text of the initial interviews was studied according to the objectives of the research. The theme analysis method has been used so as to analyze the data .The results showed sixteen factors including: sufficient experience; having financial and non-financial experience; influence and power of audit committee members; presence of independent auditors in the audit committee; publishing annual reports of audit committee performance to shareholders; publishing report of board minutes; size The audit committee; scheduled reports to the board: reporting on past events; the number of audit committee meetings; tenured of audit committee; independence of the audit committee; the establishment of an efficient internal audit unit to corporate with audit committee; the establishment of an administrative procedure for reviewing documents; raising the awareness of the audit committee and providing additional training for audit committee members lead to audit committees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1542 - The Relationship between the Quality of Accounting Information and Institutional Investment on Investment Efficiency in Banks Present in the Capital Market of Iran
Shahnaz mashayekh mona parsaei pariya askarzadehAbstractAccording to the theoretical concepts of financial reporting, the purpose of financial statements is to provide summarized and classified information about the financial status, financial performance and financial flexibility of the business unit, which is usefu MoreAbstractAccording to the theoretical concepts of financial reporting, the purpose of financial statements is to provide summarized and classified information about the financial status, financial performance and financial flexibility of the business unit, which is useful for a wide range of users of financial statements in making economic decisions. Achieving this goal requires that the information is firstly relevant and reliable and secondly comparable and comprehensible, in other words, accounting information must be of high quality. The current research aims to explore the relationship between the quality of accounting information and Institutional investment on the efficiency of investment in banks that are members of the Iranian capital market. In this research, the quality index of accounting information is the quality of accrual items. The statistical population of this research includes 19 member banks of the capital market. Research hypotheses have been tested using OLS regression according to company-year observations in a panel manner. The results of processing the regression models for the first hypothesis of the research indicated that the quality of accruals and Institutional investment has a significant relationship with investment efficiency; The results of the second hypothesis of the research showed that overinvestment has a significant effect on the relationship between the quality of accruals and Institutional investment with investment efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1543 - The Role of Stakeholder Influence on the Relationship between CEO Power and Corporate Social Responsibility
روزبه یزدی سیدمحمدرضا خلیل زاده حسین اسلامی مفیدآبادی Abstract Corporate social responsibility is related to the company's responsibility to society, people and the environment in which it operates, which goes beyond economic and financial benefits. Corporate social responsibility can be considered as activities t More Abstract Corporate social responsibility is related to the company's responsibility to society, people and the environment in which it operates, which goes beyond economic and financial benefits. Corporate social responsibility can be considered as activities that promote profit, social benefit and even beyond the interests of the organization, which has also been considered in the field of law. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between CEO power and social responsibility with the moderating role of stakeholder influence in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To test the research hypotheses, the financial information of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2019 has been used, so that after applying the restrictions in this study, the final sample consisting of 172 companies was selected after measuring the research variables. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. The hypotheses of research are also tested using Eviews econometric software and statistical techniques and panel data. Generaly, the results of research statistical tests show that there is a positive and significant relationship between CEO power and corporate social responsibility. Also, the results showed that stakeholder influence intensifies the relationship between CEO power and disclosure of social responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1544 - Presenting a Pattern of Financial Decision-making based on Management Performance Auditing
Alireza Khojasteh Fereydoon Rahnamy Roodposhti Hashem Nikoo Maram Afsaneh Zamani Moghaddam Ghodratollah Taleb NiyaAbstract The current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a financial decision-making pattern based on management performance audit, based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. In the qualitative part, by examining the theoretical foundations and previ MoreAbstract The current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a financial decision-making pattern based on management performance audit, based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. In the qualitative part, by examining the theoretical foundations and previous research, the influencing factors including (5) dimensions, (13) components and (67) indicators were identified. Then, in order to obtain the general theoretical consensus of the country's public sector experts by using a questionnaire and conducting a semi-structured interview based on the use of the Fuzzy Delphi technique; The effective factors were accepted and screened. Then, based on quantitative analysis and using the improvement hierarchical analysis method; The final weight of each of the dimension, component and index and their importance levels were determined in the model using the Excel 2016 software environment. According to the research findings, the "political and managerial" dimension with a final weight of (0.216), the component of "appropriate use and management of information systems" with a final weight of (0.1116) and the index of "use of managers and employees in the public sector department's executive bodies based on the fulfillment of general and specific legal conditions" with final weight (0.046) have the most importance on the compliance of financial decision making with management performance audit. Then, based on quantitative analysis and using hierarchical analysis method, it has been improved. The final weight of each of the different elements, components and indicators and their importance levels were determined in the model using the Excel 2016 software environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1545 - The Impact of Environmental Orientation on Financial Performance with Emphasis on the Effects of Supplier Green Management and Communication Capital
مسعود فرح آبادی فرزانه حیدر پورAbstract Recently, research related to environmental management and green supply management has considered environmental motivation as an organizational motivation affecting performance. Such motivations can reflect a combination of organizational motivations, sharehol MoreAbstract Recently, research related to environmental management and green supply management has considered environmental motivation as an organizational motivation affecting performance. Such motivations can reflect a combination of organizational motivations, shareholder motivations, and ethical motivations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of environmental orientation on financial performance with emphasis on the effects of green supplier management and communication capital. The statistical sample consisted of 392 managers and experts of stock exchange companies who were selected using random sampling method. The type of research was applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection with a description of structural equation modeling. Examining the results of the analysis, testing the hypotheses showed that environmental orientation has a positive effect on financial performance. Also, environmental orientation has a positive effect on the green management of the supplier. Analyzes showed that supplier green management has a positive effect on financial performance. Finally, the effect of capital adjustment on the relationship between environmental sustainability orientation and financial performance was accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1546 - The Effect of CEO's Power and Financial Knowledge on the Relation between Enterprise Risk and the Firm’s Performance
Mohammad Amri-Asrami Fatemeh Jalali Fahimeh KazemiHajiAbstract In this study, the effect of the CEO's power and financial knowledge, on the relation between enterprise risk and firm's performance has been investigated. With screening method, 102 companies were selected as a sample from the companies listed in the Tehr MoreAbstract In this study, the effect of the CEO's power and financial knowledge, on the relation between enterprise risk and firm's performance has been investigated. With screening method, 102 companies were selected as a sample from the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The tests have been done by panel data pattern with fixed effects. The results showed that enterprise risk has a negative and significant relation with the performance, therefore, with the increase of enterprise risks, the performance will become weak and the returns will decrease. The power of the CEO has a significantly negative relation with the performance, therefore, the power of the CEOs with a dual task provide the basis for their opportunism for their own interests. The financial knowledge of the CEOs has a positive and significant relation with the performance, so their financial knowledge improves the corporate governance mechanisms and improves the performance. But the CEO's power and financial knowledge have no effect on the relation between enterprise risk and the performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1547 - Peer Companies Performance and Earnings Management: The Effect of Capital Market Pressure Peer Companies Performance and Earnings Management: The Effect of Capital Market Pressure
reza kordestani سیده آمنه جعفری سوق Abstract Financial analysts and investors use the performance of peer firms for valuation and investment decisions. Since managers know that their performance is compared to peer’s firms, they have enough incentive to earnings manipulation. Therefore, the More Abstract Financial analysts and investors use the performance of peer firms for valuation and investment decisions. Since managers know that their performance is compared to peer’s firms, they have enough incentive to earnings manipulation. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to investigate the relationship performance of peer firms on earnings management. Based on analysis of archival data of 114 firms listed in TSE, the findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between performance of peer firms and earnings management. That is, the high performance of peer firms leads to increased discretionary accruals. In addition, change in earnings forecast per manager share has a positive and significant relationship with peer firm performance. Also, there is a significant relationship between the criterion of earnings forecast and performance of peer firms. Therefore, managers in response to the performance of peer firms and under the capital market pressure, manipulation of accounting earnings. This study focused more on the impact of peer firms and their performance on the quality of financial reporting. In addition, earnings management studies in the scope of motivation is broaden. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1548 - Auditors’ Response to Agency Conflicts in Political Connected Firms
Mohammad HassaniAbstractBecause of interest conflicts between managers-owners and the possibility occurrence of agency problems, it is important to identify the potentially driving factors of agency costs and assess the role of monitoring mechanisms in order to reduce the intensity of MoreAbstractBecause of interest conflicts between managers-owners and the possibility occurrence of agency problems, it is important to identify the potentially driving factors of agency costs and assess the role of monitoring mechanisms in order to reduce the intensity of agency costs. This paper assessed the potentially impact of external auditing on agency conflicts in political connected firms. The ratio of operational expenses to operational sales revenues is used as an index of agency costs. Also, politically governance affiliation in either board structure or ownership structure is considered as a proxy of political connection. In addition, effective role of external auditors is analyzed using auditors’ quality control rating, rotation and industry specialization criterion. Research data include 1632 firm-year observations witch consist of 204 firms listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange. Research hypotheses investigated through multivariate regression models using panel data with fixed effect and generalized least squares method. Research evidences documented that political connected firms have high level of agency costs significantly. On other side, auditor’s quality control rating, rotation and industry specialization criterion significantly lead to reduce agency costs. In addition, findings showed that auditor’s quality control rating, auditor’s rotation and auditor’s industry specialization caused to weaken the positive relation between political connection and agency costs, so lead to decrease destructive consequences of interest divergence; In fact, reputable auditors to maintain professional reputation, new auditors to maintain audit independence, and industry-specific auditors to maintain audit efficiency and effectiveness are elements of mitigating agency conflicts, especially in firms with political connection. So, it is important to understand this issue from the aspect of political connection costs and its role in intensifying agency costs, as well as from the aspect of improving audit process and its role in weakening agency costs, especially in political connected firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1549 - Effects of Related Party Transactions on Firms’ Credit Ratings
Roya Darabi MORTEZA SADEGHIAbstractCorporate credit rating facilitates investment decision by comparing their credit risk with each other, On the other hand, the rate of the company determines the cost of financing in capital market.This study investigates the effects of the disclosure of related MoreAbstractCorporate credit rating facilitates investment decision by comparing their credit risk with each other, On the other hand, the rate of the company determines the cost of financing in capital market.This study investigates the effects of the disclosure of related party transactions on firms’ credit ratings. Therefore, in order to test the research hypothesis, a sample of 105 firms was selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2016 to 2020 . the hypotheses were tested using regression method on panel data. The results showed that the f Related Party Transactions Disclosure and Credit Ratings, there is a negative significant relationship And these transactions will reduce the credit rating of the company. It is therefore recommended that financial analysts and rating agents evaluate the effects of these transactions and incorporate them into their valuation and credit rating models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1550 - Presenting the developed model of Benish model with emphasis on the special characteristics of the company using neural network, vector machine and random forest
Kiumars Pourgadimi Saeed jabbarzadeh Kangarloui Jamal Bahri SalesAbstractAs the business process becomes more complex, the risk of financial statements being distorted increases with each passing day. In this regard, researchers have been looking for models to detect fraud in financial statements. Benish (1997) used a combination of MoreAbstractAs the business process becomes more complex, the risk of financial statements being distorted increases with each passing day. In this regard, researchers have been looking for models to detect fraud in financial statements. Benish (1997) used a combination of financial ratios and accruals to predict profit manipulation methods. since auditors are presented as external oversight in the corporate governance structure of the company's performance, in this study the model is developed based on the qualitative characteristics of the auditor, which include the auditor's size, auditor tenure, reporting delay, Auditor Class and Auditor Change.The fitting of the stochastic vector machine, random forest and neural network has been used to fit the extended model. The results show that the coefficients obtained from the random forest model are 99% and more than the two neural network and vector model 94%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1551 - Analysis of IT Level on the Probability of Risk of Filing a Lawsuit against the Auditor with Emphasis on the Role of Audit Quality and Auditor Expertise
علی علی اکبری Seyed Hesam VaghfiAbstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of information technology on the risk of litigation against the auditor with emphasis on the role of audit quality and auditor expertise. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of information technology on the risk of litigation against the auditor with emphasis on the role of audit quality and auditor expertise. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology of correlation is causal (post-event). The statistical population of the study was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 127 companies were selected as the sample of the research. The method used to collect information is a library and the relevant data for measuring variables were collected from Kedal website and companies' financial statements and to test the research hypotheses, Steta software version 15 was used. The results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the level of information technology and the risk of litigation against the auditor and also the variable of audit quality with a positive coefficient of direct and significant moderation on the relationship between the level of information technology and the risk of litigation against the auditor. In the third hypothesis test, it was observed that the auditor's expertise has no significant effect on the relationship between the level of information technology and the risk of litigation against the auditor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1552 - The Role of Debt-based Financing in the Relationship between Corporate Governance and R&D Investment
Abdolrasoul Rahmanian Koushkaki Samira MotaeAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of debt-based financing in the relationship between corporate governance and R&D investment. The current research is applied and from the methodological point of view, the correlation is causal type (pos MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of debt-based financing in the relationship between corporate governance and R&D investment. The current research is applied and from the methodological point of view, the correlation is causal type (post-event). The statistical population of the research is all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 134 companies were selected as the research sample and were examined. The results of the research hypothesis test showed that among the factors of corporate governance including (board size, board independence, financial expertise of board members and concentration of ownership), two variables of board independence and ownership concentration have a direct relationship with investment in research and development of companies. In the second group of hypotheses, it was observed that the interaction of debt-based financing with corporate governance factors does not affect research and development investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1553 - The Effect of the Five Components of Auditors' Personality on Earnings Management
Zahra Karimi ahmad Yaghoobnezhad Mahmud Samadi Largani Mohammad Reza PouraliAbstractPsychological traits have a significant effect on auditors' perception of ethics, the unethical behavior of earnings management harms their credibility by showing the financial status of companies unreal.The audit report is the result of the assurance process fo MoreAbstractPsychological traits have a significant effect on auditors' perception of ethics, the unethical behavior of earnings management harms their credibility by showing the financial status of companies unreal.The audit report is the result of the assurance process for the financial statements, which can be influenced by the auditors' personality traits. This article has investigated the effect of auditors' personality dimensions on earnings management. Data related to the variable of personality dimensions using the test of five main personality components, including extroversion , neuroticism, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness has been measured through the five-factor questionnaire of Neo McCree & Costa. Adjusted Jones model has been used to measure earnings management variable. The statistical population of the study consisted of the auditors (directors/partners) in the trusted audit agencies of the stocks market, besides the listed companies on the stock exchange which were audited by the said audit agencies. The information of the financial statements of these companies for 1397 has been cross-sectionally examined. The findings show that the personality dimensions of neuroticism, openness and agreeableness do not have a significant effect on earnings management. conscientious auditors are the best type of auditors to reduce earnings management and extroverted auditors increase earnings management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1554 - Moderator Role of Organizational Doubt in Relation to Fraud Detection and Professional Skepticism
امیر شمس Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of organizational skepticism in relation to the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism. The statistical population of the research includes; The auditors of reputable auditing More Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of organizational skepticism in relation to the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism. The statistical population of the research includes; The auditors of reputable auditing firms of the entire stock exchange (members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants) have at least 10 years of experience and have at least a bachelor's degree. Due to the conditionality of the statistical population, the subjects were studied by the available random method. The collected questionnaires were included in the analysis after removing the distorted copies or including incomplete answers in 133 copies. Structural equation modeling with Smart PLS software was used to investigate the relationships. The results showed that there is a relationship between the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism. Also, considering that the coefficient of this variable is estimated to be 0.269, which is a positive value, it is concluded that by increasing the risk of fraud detection, professional skepticism increases. Organizational skepticism was also found to moderate the relationship between the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism. Given that the value of β is equal to 0.625 and its sign is positive, it can be concluded that by strengthening organizational skepticism, the relationship between the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism in auditing firms is strengthened. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1555 - Identify the Factors Influencing the Decision of Outsourcing Cloud Accounting Using Structural Equations
فاطمه صراف فاطمه بشارت پور محمدامین علی اکبریAbstract The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the accounting process for outsourcing decisions in cloud accounting. Cloud accounting information systems provide extensive and comprehensive network access per use; Compared to traditional accou MoreAbstract The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the accounting process for outsourcing decisions in cloud accounting. Cloud accounting information systems provide extensive and comprehensive network access per use; Compared to traditional accounting systems, they provide better opportunities for scale, better access to the software and hardware in question, greater control, and the potential for better collaboration with supply chain partners. The main outsourcing mechanism allows business groups to split into smaller processes and cross organizational or geographical boundaries, making processes more outsourced and improving flexibility in organizing process delivery, reducing Costs and focus on the core processes of the company. The statistical population of the study includes 384 members of the Accounting and Auditing Association in 2021. The content method, convergent and divergent, was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire, and the structural equation method by LISREL software was used to test the accuracy of the theoretical model of the research and to calculate the impact coefficients. The results showed that process repetition, expert workforce, information intensity and customer contact need have a positive and significant effect on cloud accounting users, and uncertainty has a negative and significant effect on cloud accounting users. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1556 - Pattern design of data foundation of code of ethics for independent auditors based on a critical perspective in the view of professionals
Mohammad Karimabadi Zohreh Hajiha Hossein Jahangirnia Reza Gholami Jamkarani Abstract Introduction: The basis of many auditors' functions and activities in their behavior and values should be searched, that’s why attention to professional behavior and its consequences is the most basic research topics in organizational areas. The More Abstract Introduction: The basis of many auditors' functions and activities in their behavior and values should be searched, that’s why attention to professional behavior and its consequences is the most basic research topics in organizational areas. The aim of this research is Identifying pattern of Code of Ethics for Independent auditors based on a critical perspective in the view of professionals. Method: This research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) that the qualitative part was conducted by the qualitative method of Grounded Theory. Seventeen elites of audit were selected by snowball sampling and Semi-structured interview were conducted to collect data. Data analysis method by Grounded theory was performed and 170 auditors in the quantitative section were selected as a statistical sample. Data analysis in the qualitative section to analyze qualitative data using documents and interview was performed by Grounded theory. In the quantitative section descriptive and inferential statistical methods and spss19 software were used. Findings: By doing open coding, axial and selective the central category of this research criteria and indicators of auditors' professional conduct was called and In the dimension of environmental factors economic and competitive indicators, In the dimension of organizational factors Indicators of corporate governance, organizational culture and ethical leadership, In the dimension of individual value factors Indicators of religious values and moral values, In the dimension of social factors social Responsibility Indicator, In the dimension of Individual factors the Indicators Honesty Accountant, Accountant Confidentiality and accountant neutrality were identified. Conclusion: The professional behavior of independent auditors in accounting is not a repulsive phenomenon, it requires the formation of some conditions and the implementation of some strategies; which leads to tangible consequences; which guides the person in making the right choice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1557 - Antecedents and Consequences of Internal Audit Effectiveness and Internal Audit Quality
Hamidreza Ganji seyed rasoul hosayni marzie roozban sara mohamad zadeh niayesh nami fard tehrani AbstractThe Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) Of Iran has considered the mission of the internal audit to provide independent and impartial assurance and consulting services, in order to add value and improve operations. and, in 2013, all listed firms to More AbstractThe Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) Of Iran has considered the mission of the internal audit to provide independent and impartial assurance and consulting services, in order to add value and improve operations. and, in 2013, all listed firms to the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and over-the-counter (IFB) has required to form internal audit. The purpose of research is to investigate the impact of effectiveness of internal audit on the quality of internal audit in companies listed in TSE. For this purpose, 12 hypotheses were developed. It is worth mentioning that the "effectiveness of internal audit" variable was classified into three sections including "competence, independence, realism" and "consequences" into three sections including "management support, support and acceptance of the auditor and interdepartmental coordination of internal auditors". It is also worth mentioning that collecting information regarding the "quality of internal audit" variable. due to insufficient disclosure of information, requires to each firms, either the manager or one of the employees of the internal audit or of the committee members was asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of 32 internal audit quality criteria in 2021. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling using SmartPLS software. Findings show that the records and results of internal audit effectiveness have a positive and significant effect on the quality of internal audit. This study contributes to agency theory by highlighting factors related to internal audit effectiveness and quality audit outcomes to protect the best interests of managers while fulfilling corporate governance requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1558 - Social Capital and Dividend Payout Policies
mahdi filsaraei Javad Masomi marzieh mianehAbstractSocial capital has been discussed by researchers as a new topic and its relationship with other variables has been of interest to researchers. As an emerging form of economic capital, social capital leads to mutual trust and beneficial partnerships in business e MoreAbstractSocial capital has been discussed by researchers as a new topic and its relationship with other variables has been of interest to researchers. As an emerging form of economic capital, social capital leads to mutual trust and beneficial partnerships in business environment and thereby driving economic behaviors toward collective well-being. In this study, the relationship between social capital and corporate payment policy in Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated using 104 sample companies in the period 2016-2020. In order to investigate this issue, four hypotheses were formulated and tested using multivariate regression models. The results show that the relationship between social capital (Relationship with other companies and relationship with the government) with corporate payout policies is statistically positive and significant. Overall, we document that social capital plays an important role in influencing cash dividend payout policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1559 - Risk Types in Different Firm Life Cycle Stages with Emphasis on Ownership of Companies
mostafa ebadi kaveh Azinfar iman dadshi reza fallahAbstract The main purpose of this study is to investigate the risk situation (idiosyncratic risk, market risk and total risk) in Firm life cycle stages and the impact of State and non- State ownership on this relationship. In this regard, first, using the Fama-French T MoreAbstract The main purpose of this study is to investigate the risk situation (idiosyncratic risk, market risk and total risk) in Firm life cycle stages and the impact of State and non- State ownership on this relationship. In this regard, first, using the Fama-French Three-Factor model, the idiosyncratic risk in the sample firms was estimated. Market risk was calculated based on the standard deviation of the annual return of the stock index and the total risk is calculated by sum of market risk and idiosyncratic risk. The different stages of the companies' life cycle were determined using the patterns obtained from the three categories of cash flow statements (operating, investment and financing). In this research, the data of 136 firms have been used and in order to examine the research hypotheses, six regression models of panel data have been used. Respectively, idiosyncratic risk, market risk and total risk considered as dependent variable in these models. The results of estimating the final models show that idiosyncratic risk, market risk and total risk in the stages of introduction, growth and decline are higher compared to the stages of maturity and shake-out of firm life cycle stages. In addition, the results of this study indicate a significant effect of State ownership on the relationship between idiosyncratic risk and life cycle stages of firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1560 - The Relationship between Ethical Theories and Ethical Behavior in Auditors' Judgments
حسین رجب دری حمیدرضا وکیلی فرد حجت الله سالاری علی امیریAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between ethical theories and ethical behavior in auditors' judgments. Ethical behavior is an important and vital issue for the auditing profession, without which public trust in the profession will be MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between ethical theories and ethical behavior in auditors' judgments. Ethical behavior is an important and vital issue for the auditing profession, without which public trust in the profession will be damaged and harmful effects will be felt on the profession. This research is an applied and descriptive-correlational study and its population include various auditors in the country, 164 of whom were selected using simple random sampling. Structural equation analysis and Smart PLS software were used to test the hypotheses. The general findings of the study show that there is a significant relationship between the theories under review and ethical behavior in auditors at the level of 77%. Also, the findings showed that other theories of altruism (22%), justice (29%), benevolence (58%), and virtue (21%) have a positive and significant relationship with ethical behavior in auditors. Also, there was no significant relationship between theories of conscientiousness and utilitarianism with ethical behavior in auditors. Examination of control variables also showed that there is no significant relationship between age and gender and the ethical behavior of auditors. Given the importance of professional ethics in auditing and the importance of philosophy of ethics and ethical theories to promote professional ethics, it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue to increase the level of professional ethics in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1561 - Explanation of Income Smoothing in terms of Financing and Auditor's Judgment in Companies with Different Investment Opportunities
Omid Sabaghiyan Toosi zahra moradi Shohreh YazdaniAbstractThis study explaining the income smoothing in terms of financing and auditor's judgment in companies with different investment opportunities.The data of 320 companies have been analyzed using eviews econometric software. Through the median value in each investme MoreAbstractThis study explaining the income smoothing in terms of financing and auditor's judgment in companies with different investment opportunities.The data of 320 companies have been analyzed using eviews econometric software. Through the median value in each investment opportunity criteria, the population was classified into two groups of companies with high and low investment opportunities. Then hypotheses were tested using unstructured estimation with (OLS) and (ARMA) methods.Findings shows in companies with high investment opportunities there is a positive relationship between income smoothing and financing that are separated by the MEQLDTA criteria but in the GROWTHPPE criteria was observed a negative relationship. In companies with low investment opportunities there isn't a relationship between income smoothing and financing that are separated by the MB criteria, but in PPEQGMEQLD criteria was observed a negative relationship. The explanatory variables of the auditor's judgment in both groups have an effect on the control of income smoothing.The findings can be used to identify companies with high investment opportunities. In order to achieve the expected return, it is recommended to pay attention to the auditor's judgment and experience in controlling income smoothing and financing method of companies.By comparing the determination coefficients and Durbin Watson's statistics, it was found that in companies with high investment opportunity, the MEQLDTA criteria and in companies with low investment opportunity, the MB criteria are optimal criterias for distinguishing investments opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1562 - The Effect of the Auditor Attributes and Board of Directors Structure on the Possibility of Fraudulent Financial Statements of Commercial Companies
Kasra Barzegar abbaspour Hossein Eslami Mofid Abadi Marzieh Ebrahimi ShaghaghiAbstractDetection of fraud has long been the focus of independent, internal and professional auditors, and therefore the emphasis of these professional institutions and auditing standards is on improving the organizational structure, reinforcing the internal control sys MoreAbstractDetection of fraud has long been the focus of independent, internal and professional auditors, and therefore the emphasis of these professional institutions and auditing standards is on improving the organizational structure, reinforcing the internal control system and conducting regular and regular audits to prevent the occurrence of fraud decrease and enhance the credibility of financial reports. Considering that in recent years there has been an increasing growth in fraudulent financial reporting of companies around the world, in the present study, the effect of internal factors (board of directors structure) and external factors (auditor attributes) on the probability of fraud in the financial statements of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. Has been. For this purpose, data from 160 selected companies have been used. In order to analyze the data, the regression method of panel data with logit approach has been used. The results show that the internal-organizational factors studied in this study; the possibility of fraud in the financial statements of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange has been affected. It is also observed that the external factors considered in the study also had a significant effect on the probability of fraud in the financial statements of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1563 - The relationship between Communication Apprehension and Teamwork Self-Efficacy with the Mediating role of Communication Self-Efficacy Using the S-O-R Approach in Accounting Students
Hossein RajabdorriAbstract Having good communication skills is essential for graduates who are about to enter the profession. ‎Since reducing the gap between graduates' capabilities and entrepreneurs' expectations from them ‎can lead to professional development, and proper commu MoreAbstract Having good communication skills is essential for graduates who are about to enter the profession. ‎Since reducing the gap between graduates' capabilities and entrepreneurs' expectations from them ‎can lead to professional development, and proper communication is one of the important categories ‎raised in this field, the necessity of the present research becomes clear. The purpose of this research ‎is to study the relationship between communication apprehension (CA) and teamwork self-efficacy ‎‎(TSE) with the mediating role of communication self-efficacy (CSE) using the S-O-R approach in ‎accounting students of different levels of the country. The upcoming study is an applied survey. Also, ‎the subject was investigated by means of a questionnaire and a simple random sampling of 168 ‎accounting students of different departments and universities in the country in the winter of 2023. To ‎analyze the findings in the form of 3 main hypotheses, structural equation method was used by Smart ‎PLS software. The research findings showed that there is a negative and significant relationship ‎between CA and CSE. Also, a positive and significant relationship was observed between CSE and TSE. ‎The study of the causal process of the research in the two primary hypotheses also shows that the ‎mediating role of CSE in the relationship between CA and TSE is confirmed. As a result, based on the ‎findings, it is necessary to pay more attention to soft skills, including communication skills, in line with ‎professional development and covering the labor market needs of accounting students.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1564 - The Relationship between Financial Distress and Earnings Management Regarding the Role of Auditor Size during Recession
majid moradi Mohammad Reza Pourfakharan Masoume naderiAbstractThe financial helplessness of companies is one of the factors that, when faced with it, the management of the company takes certain actions and accordingly manipulates the accounting profit as one of the most obvious performance evaluation items when faced with MoreAbstractThe financial helplessness of companies is one of the factors that, when faced with it, the management of the company takes certain actions and accordingly manipulates the accounting profit as one of the most obvious performance evaluation items when faced with financial helplessness. do The companies that are facing financial helplessness to get rid of the bankruptcy costs start profit management and use more accrual items than other companies. In this research, the relationship between financial helplessness and profit management was investigated according to the role of the auditor during the period of 2015-2019. In terms of classification according to the purpose, this research is an applied research, and in terms of classification based on the method, it is considered a descriptive research, and among the descriptive researches, it is of the correlational type. The statistical sample of the research was selected by the systematic elimination method of 120 companies. In this research, three indicators of negative net profit, negative working capital, and simultaneous negativity of profit and working capital were used to investigate financial helplessness. The results of the hypothesis test at the five percent error level showed that there is a significant relationship between financial helplessness and profit management. Also, the size of the auditor has a significant effect on the relationship between the company's financial helplessness and profit management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1565 - The Relationship between Risk-Taking, Company Value and Management Judgment of Profit
Meysam Mahmoudzade Amirreza Keyghobadi Mahnaz Nojavan Fariba SoltaniAbstractConsidering the competitive market environment that is in sync with the current economic conditions and financial crises, the investors' expectations of the profitability of the company play a significant role in their decisions, therefore, the examination of th MoreAbstractConsidering the competitive market environment that is in sync with the current economic conditions and financial crises, the investors' expectations of the profitability of the company play a significant role in their decisions, therefore, the examination of the template approach on the way of predicting the company's future profit by the management according to The level of risk-taking of the company and, accordingly, the display of the company's value, are important in the application of these decisions, and it seems necessary to address it. The aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between risk-taking, company value and management's judgment of profit in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the information related to 111 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange was collected and analyzed using multivariate regression.Data analysis shows that there is no significant relationship between risk-taking and management's profit forecast, and there is a significant relationship between the company's risk-taking and the future value of the company's shares. The results show that if the company is risk-taking, its future value will increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1566 - The Effect of Ethics and Tenure on the Auditor's Ability to Recognize Accounting Practices
hasan hemati elham bayat Majid MoradiAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate Effect of Auditor Ethics and Audit Tenure on Auditor Ability to Detect Creative Accounting Practices. The general research method used in this research is descriptive-correlational survey and according to the purpose MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate Effect of Auditor Ethics and Audit Tenure on Auditor Ability to Detect Creative Accounting Practices. The general research method used in this research is descriptive-correlational survey and according to the purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the components of auditors' ethics and the auditor's tenure on the Auditor Ability to Detect Creative. And how to conduct a survey research method using the independent and standard questionnaire of Fullerton and Dotschi (2004), for the Auditor Ability to Detect Creative, the standard questionnaire Armga Zarfar (2016) can be used for professional ethics. The results of testing the first hypothesis showed that the auditor's ethics has a positive and significant effect on the Auditor Ability to Detect Creative to identify accounting methods. The size of the auditing firm has a positive and significant effect on the Auditor Ability to Detect Creative Accounting Practices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1567 - The Rle of Islamic Culture and Auditor's Experience in Mutual Fairness and the Quality of Audit in the Iranian Environment
حسین رضا رمضانی کاوه آذین فر حمیدرضا غلام نیا روشن رضا فلاحAbstract Financial crises and the resulting scandals raise the quality of auditing as a challenging and important issue. Examining the factors on audit quality is expected to take an important step in reducing financial crises. Social norms and cultural infrastructure MoreAbstract Financial crises and the resulting scandals raise the quality of auditing as a challenging and important issue. Examining the factors on audit quality is expected to take an important step in reducing financial crises. Social norms and cultural infrastructure are among the auxiliary factors that have been tested empirically (directly and moderately) in the present study. The research method is descriptive-correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of the study consisted of all auditors working in firms of auditors in Iran. According to the unlimited statistical population, with the help of Cochran’s formula, a sample of 384 was obtained and finally, with available sampling, 380 questionnaires were collected. Research tools include innovative questionnaires for activating social norms, audit quality and auditor culture. With the method of standard equations, the fit indices of the research model are in the desired position. The role of culture in the relationship between (activation of social norms and audit quality) is examined. Promoting a commitment to mutual justice strengthens commitment to enforcement. Adherence to performance plays a role in highlighting the implementation of professional conduct and ultimately improves the quality of auditing. It is suggested that culture and social arts be considered as the main axis in predicting audit quality. These findings can be useful for investors, auditing firms and stock market policymakers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1568 - Effect of Audit Partner Power Hegemony on the Symptoms of Auditors' Psychodynamic Disorder
Mahdi Ashrafi Mohammadreza Abdoli Hasan ValiyanAbstract The Purpose of this study was to investigate the hegemonic effect of audit partner power on the symptoms of auditors' psychodynamic disorder. The present study is applied in terms of its purpose and developmental in terms of results. Also in terms of data typ MoreAbstract The Purpose of this study was to investigate the hegemonic effect of audit partner power on the symptoms of auditors' psychodynamic disorder. The present study is applied in terms of its purpose and developmental in terms of results. Also in terms of data type, it is in the category of mixed methods. Therefore, in the qualitative part, meta-synthesis and Delphi analysis were used, and in the quantitative part, partial least squares analysis was used. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section was 12 specialists in accounting and financial management at the university level and in part, there were 195 independent auditors working for private auditing firms in Iran. In order to collect information to test the research hypothesis, questionnaires from the qualitative analysis stage were used and to analyze and test the research hypotheses were based on the partial least squares (PLS) method. The results showed that the hegemony of the audit partner's power has a positive and significant effect on the stimulation of psychodynamic disorders in auditors. The results show that the dominance of the auditing firm based on authoritarian behaviors due to the reduction of auditors' freedom of action, causes them gradual frustration and this issue while increasing stress and work pressure on them, increases the risk of symptoms of psychodynamic disorder. This is the first case study to focus on assessing the hegemonic effect of the audit partner's power on the symptoms of auditors' psychodynamic disorder. Although the field is of research importance in terms of developing theoretical literature and practical basis in reducing the gap of audit expectations, but less, audit research has addressed this issue. And conducting this research and developing it at the professional level of this field can enhance the institutional and educational capacities on it at the international level and help to create the integration of the development of theoretical literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1569 - Developing Performance Standards for Faculty Members based on Grounded Theory: Presenting a Model
Masoumeh Mirzakhani ََAmir Hossein Mahmoodi Maryam MoslehThe process of evaluating the performance of faculty members leads to the creation of a system of standards, objective expectations from them, and the transparency of the evaluation system. This applied study was conducted with a mixed approach using a qualitative and q MoreThe process of evaluating the performance of faculty members leads to the creation of a system of standards, objective expectations from them, and the transparency of the evaluation system. This applied study was conducted with a mixed approach using a qualitative and quantitative approach with exploratory design. To collect the data needed to design a questionnaire from semi-structured interviews with 15 department heads were used. In the quantitative section, 30 faculty members participated. Sampling was done randomly and the tool is a researcher-made questionnaire.After analyzing the interviews and theoretical definitions, a paradigm model was designed. It addresses expectations in performance management, expectations that are met by competencies in terms of job profiles, ISO human resource management standards, and competency models, while intervening conditions such as micro and macro guidelines and policies can affect the indicators. Then the categories extracted from open, axial and selective codes and their sub-components and research strategies and the consequences of implementing this model in performance were formed. Then three main components and twelve indicators were identified. Ranking of indicators respectively concluded: in dimension of providing consulting services: components of competency foreign relations intercultural, creativity, innovation and technology, in dimension of research: communicative competency, modern technology, innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship and cognitive competency and in dimension of education: teaching quality, spiritual competency, psychological and managerial competencies were ranked. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1570 - Predicting transformational leadership with organizational learning and organizational citizenship of school principals in Tehran
Parenaz BanisiTransformational leadership expresses a process that transforms people and relates to moral values and characteristics and long-term goals. Evaluating the motivations that affect followers, satisfying their needs, and how to deal with them as individuals is one of the MoreTransformational leadership expresses a process that transforms people and relates to moral values and characteristics and long-term goals. Evaluating the motivations that affect followers, satisfying their needs, and how to deal with them as individuals is one of the functions of this type of leadership. The purpose of this study is to predict transformational leadership with organizational learning and organizational citizenship (a case study of secondary school principals in Tehran). In this research, the descriptive correlation method has been used to answer the hypotheses. The statistical population of this study is high school principals in Tehran. The statistical sample size of this study is 180 people who have been selected based on simple random sampling method. The results show that transformational leadership predicts organizational learning but does not predict organizational citizenship behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1571 - Mathematical Model for the Effects of Intervention Measures on the Transmission Dynamics of Tungiasis
JAIROS SHINZEH Livingstone Luboobi -
Open Access Article
1572 - Identifying the Factors Affecting Organizational Growth Based on Justice in Farhangian University to Provide a Model
A. Nikkhoo Amiri M. R. Bagherzadeh Mojtaba Tabari Yousef Qalipour KananiAbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting justice-based organizational growth in Farhangian University and to provide a model. The research method is mixed-method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. The statistical po MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting justice-based organizational growth in Farhangian University and to provide a model. The research method is mixed-method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. The statistical population consisted of prominent and experienced professors (campus of Farhangian University of Mazandaran Province) 20 of whom were purposefully selected until saturation was reached. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included faculty members, visiting professors and tutors, and graduate staff, totaling to 256 on the campus of Farhangian University in Mazandaran Province. Out of the population 153 individuals were recruited based on the Cochran's formula and cluster random sampling. The instruments of data collection in the qualitative part was semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part was a questionnaire (α = 0.82). Data analysis in the qualitative part utilized the Delphi technique and in the quantitative part employed structural equation modeling using SPSS and LISREL software. A total of 173 initial concept appeared that were categorized in 79 sub-categories. In the axial coding stage, the variable justice had five dimensions: procedural justice, communication justice, compensatory justice, information justice, and distributive justice. Also, the variable organizational growth had nine dimensions: feedback from within, lack of organizational structure, trust in others, partnership with others, self-constructions, motivation theory, MIS information management services, openness and transparency of the system, and cultivation and adoption. The results showed that there is a positive and significant association between organizational growth and its components, based on justice in Farhangian University Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1573 - Comparison of Difficulty in Regulating Emotion, Cyberbullying and Nomophobia in Students Addicted to Virtual and Normal Network
sina taghvaee ramezan solati anaghizi seyedeh maryam mousaviIn the last few years, the addiction to the virtual network has been increasing in the student population of the country, so that the negative consequences resulting from it, i.e. the prevalence of psychological problems, depression, academic problems, and social isolat MoreIn the last few years, the addiction to the virtual network has been increasing in the student population of the country, so that the negative consequences resulting from it, i.e. the prevalence of psychological problems, depression, academic problems, and social isolation, have grown strongly. Based on this, the present study aimed at comparing the difficulty of emotional regulation, cyber violence and nomophobia in students addicted to virtual and normal networks. The method is applied in terms of purpose and causal-comparative in terms of the methodology. The statistical population included all users and non-users of social networks, students of Azad University of Rasht who were studying in the academic year of 1399-1400. The purposeful sampling method was used to determine the sample. The sample size included 210 individuals based on Cochran's formula. However, with possibility of mortality rates, 260 questionnaires were distributed among two groups of 130 students, normal students and those addicted to virtual networks. The respondents answered the 20-item Internet addiction questionnaire (Yang, 1988), the 20-item nomophobia questionnaire (Yıldırım & Koria, 2015) and the 36-item emotion regulation difficulty questionnaire (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Analysis was done using independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance via SPSS 26. The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between the difficulty of emotion regulation in students addicted to virtual and normal networks and between nomophobia in students addicted to virtual and normal networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1574 - Engineering the Structure of Decision-making Power in Higher Education Curriculum Design
A. Mohseni Akordi Ladan SalimiAbstract The field of curriculum is one of the most challenging and controversial fields of enquiry. The question of who should make curriculum decisions has been a central issue throughout the history of curriculum development. The first aim of the pr MoreAbstract The field of curriculum is one of the most challenging and controversial fields of enquiry. The question of who should make curriculum decisions has been a central issue throughout the history of curriculum development. The first aim of the present article is to get acquainted with the decision-making structure in higher education curriculum design and also to find out whether it is better to centralize or decentralize by searching and reviewing articles from the most famous databases such as irandoc, cilivica, Jahad Daneshgahi database (SID), magiran, noormagz, Google, etc. The author introduces centralized and decentralized systems and examines their advantages and disadvantages in higher education planning and in the history of higher education in Iran and its developments in different periods, levels of decentralization of the curriculum, the position of participation of faculty members and important factors as well as barriers to their participation in the program development process. Finally, while expressing the challenges and solutions of decentralized planning, it has been concluded that complete transfer of decision-making power will not be a good solution to meet the existing needs, but a combination of decentralized and semi-centralized status for higher education in Iran can be very useful and effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1575 - Development of Philosophical Model of Rationalism Based on Three Axes of Thought, Behavior and Speech for Students of Philosophy of Education
M. Emani M. Emani , S. Amiri , S. Amiri A. Rostami Nesbat A. Rostami Nesbat R. Karimi R. KarimiAbstractThis study aimed to formulate a philosophical model of rationalism based on the three axes of thought, speech and behavior for the students of the philosophy of education. The study used a qualitative method to analyze the content of a collection of books, comme MoreAbstractThis study aimed to formulate a philosophical model of rationalism based on the three axes of thought, speech and behavior for the students of the philosophy of education. The study used a qualitative method to analyze the content of a collection of books, commentaries and articles on philosophy from the perspective of rationalism in three parts: thought, behavior and speech. Findings obtained in qualitative content analysis were compiled in the form of a researcher-made questionnaire and was given to a predetermined statistical population including experts in the field of education. The face of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods (SPSS and Smart PLS). Findings of the qualitative part showed that the final model from the perspective of rationalism based on rational and logical principles in thought, behavior and speech for students of philosophy of education consisted of five indicators of goals, methods, challenges and gaps, elements and the consequences. The output of the qualitative stage of the final model from the point of view of rationalism, relying on rational and logical principles in thought, behavior and speech, also included the dimensions, factors and components of the model along with their factor loadings. Also, factor analysis in the quantitative part showed that each of these variables had acceptable fitting indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1576 - The Effectiveness of Art Education Based on Participatory Teaching, Rhetoric and Brainstorming on Artistic Education of Students
E. Kazempour S. Jamali Gashti M. . Jamali H. R. H. R. Fadaei ChafiAbstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of art education based on the three methods of participatory teaching, rhetoric, and brainstorming on the artistic education of eighth grade students using a quasi-experimental method. Th MoreAbstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of art education based on the three methods of participatory teaching, rhetoric, and brainstorming on the artistic education of eighth grade students using a quasi-experimental method. The statistical population included all eighth grade students in Ramsar from which 60 individuals were selected by cluster random sampling. Art education based on participatory teaching, rhetoric and brainstorming was performed on students' art education in eight sessions of 90 minutes. The participants answered the artistic training questionnaire with an estimated reliability of 0.08. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance). There was a significant difference between each of the three teaching methods and the components of art education were found to have a separate and different effect. The participatory teaching method with an average of 2.98 has had the greatest impact on art education, and the method of teaching brainstorming with a mean score of 2.95 and the method of teaching rhetoric with a mean score of 2.89 ranked second and third respectively. The findings showed that the field of art production has been dealt with in the existing curriculum of art education in middle school. Nevertheless, the areas of criticism of art, history of art, and aesthetics are not sufficiently taken care of in the current curriculum for middle school art education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1577 - Developing a Multicultural Curriculum Model Based on Foucault's Views in Semnan University of Medical Sciences
F. Zolfaghari F. Zolfaghari L. Salimi L. Salimi E. Rasouli E. RasouliAbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a multicultural curriculum model based on Foucault's views in medical universities of Semnan province. The applied study adopted a mixed-methods approach. The participants were selected using snowball sampling method and theo MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a multicultural curriculum model based on Foucault's views in medical universities of Semnan province. The applied study adopted a mixed-methods approach. The participants were selected using snowball sampling method and theoretical saturation criteria. 20 experts in the field of medical education and curriculum planning in Semnan were recruited. In-depth and semi-structured individual interviews were used to collect the data. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by open, axial, and selective coding. After the initial design of the conceptual model of a multicultural curriculum based on Foucault's views to validate the model, the opinions of 18 medical education specialists in Semnan were used. At this stage, the researcher-made multicultural curriculum questionnaire based on Foucault's views with 70 items and four dimensions of purpose, content, teaching-learning and evaluation strategies with each dimension having three components of knowledge, attitude and skill in a five-point Likert scale was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the expert opinion and the reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Also, the composite reliability was confirmed by coefficients of 0.95 and 0.97, respectively. The results showed that the components of purpose, content, teaching method and evaluation were effective in explaining the pattern of multicultural curriculum based on Foucault's views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1578 - The Effect of Computer Educational Software on Life Skills in Preschool Children
M. M. Pouralibaba H. H. ShahrakipourAbstract The role of technology and educational software in improving the quality of education and learning as key activities in education has been largely considered. Due to the importance of technology and educational software in learning processes, MoreAbstract The role of technology and educational software in improving the quality of education and learning as key activities in education has been largely considered. Due to the importance of technology and educational software in learning processes, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of using computer educational software on life skills in preschool children. The method of the present study is causal-comparative and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study included preschool students in District five of Tehran in the year 1400. The statistical sample was recruited by non-probability method (available sampling). The individals were organized into two groups: a) those with experience in using computer educational software, and b) those without any experience in using computer educational software. The life skills questionnaire in children was utilized as the data collection instrument. The research data were analyzed using independent t-test by using SPSS version 22. The findings of this study showed that life skills among students with experience of using computer educational software were higher in comparison with students who had no experience of using computer educational software. It can be argued that computer educational software has a significant effect on life skills in preschool children. The results showed the effectiveness of computer educational software on life skills in preschool children, so schools and preschools can use appropriate educational software programs in order to enhance life skills among children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1579 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Syllabus of Master of Educational Administration in terms of the Quality of Education and Vocational Suitability from the Perspective of Students and Graduates of the Islamic Azad University of Roodehen
M. M. Moazami A. A. ZolfaghariAbstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the syllabus of educational management at master's level in terms of the quality of education and vocational suitability from the perspective of candidates and graduates. The research MoreAbstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the syllabus of educational management at master's level in terms of the quality of education and vocational suitability from the perspective of candidates and graduates. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population included all students and graduates in the field of educational administration at Islamic Azad University, Roodehen Branch. Therefore, due to the unknown population size and based on the Cochran's formula for the unknown size, with an error of 0.05, 384 people were selected using the convenience sampling method. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational administration syllabus. To analyze the data, single sample t-test was used to compare the mean scores of participants with the mean of the population. Finally, Friedman test was utilized for ranking. The results showed that the mean scores of the participants in the study were lower than the population mean and most participants chose the negative option. Therefore, according to the results from the perspective of candidates and graduates of educational administration at the master's program, the course topics in general and also in terms of educational quality and vocational suitability with the labor market are not effective and need to be reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1580 - Study of Thought-oriented Approach in Iran’s Curriculum from Life School Perspective
M. Ranjbari M. Ranjbari S. Mazboohi S. Mazboohi , S. Sattari , S. SattariAbstractThe present study is qualitative with grounded theory approach. In order to reach a deeper understanding, a phenomenological approach was adopted. Participants included 15 teachers who suited the aims of the study and were up-to-date. They were recruited by usin MoreAbstractThe present study is qualitative with grounded theory approach. In order to reach a deeper understanding, a phenomenological approach was adopted. Participants included 15 teachers who suited the aims of the study and were up-to-date. They were recruited by using purposive sampling and were then interviewed until theoretical saturation was achieved. The instrument of data collection was semi-structured interview. Individual participant’s attitudes about the phenomenon of interest and their willingness to take part in interviews were determining factors in selecting them. Selection of the interview data was done as independent and exploratory without mental manipulation. Finally, after analysis of the data, results were prepared via three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The open codes included 23 concepts and axial codes were four categories of self-identification, God-identification, God’s creation, and God’s people. Each code contains signals that are thoroughly discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1581 - A Study on the Effect of Using the Internet on Students’ Educational Status (The Case of Students in Tehran)
M. Moazami حمید . ShokriAbstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential consequences of using the internet on students’ educational status regarding their motivation and improvement of qualitative and quantitative dimensions of their education. The stat MoreAbstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential consequences of using the internet on students’ educational status regarding their motivation and improvement of qualitative and quantitative dimensions of their education. The statistical population included all secondary school students of Tehran that totaled to 382000. Out of this number, 384 individuals were taken as the sample of the study by using Morgan’s table. The instrument of data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire including Young’s addiction questionnaire items to measure respondents’ addiction to the internet. Validity of the instrument was confirmed by experts. In order to measure the reliability, the questionnaire was piloted among 30 respondents which led to a Cronbach’s alpha index of 0.78. After the administration of the questionnaire to the study sample, statistical analyses were conducted by using one-way ANOVA and t-test. Results indicated that 63 percent of students were internet users while 37 percent were not. Also, pastime did not have any effect on students’ educational status and no relationship was observed between them. Additionally, internet users had a worsened educational condition (p= 0.51). Finally, Young’s addiction test demonstrated that about 64 percent of the students were normal, 27 percent were at the verge of addiction, and 7 percent were addicted to using the internet Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1582 - Providing a model for identifying and attracting primary school principals in Tehran
B. Moradi B. Moradi , A. Khorshidi , A. Khorshidi , L. Abassi Servak , L. Abassi ServakAbstractThe Purpose of this study was to provide a model for identifying and attracting primary school principals in Tehran. If an organization does not have a program for attracting and employing trained human resources in line with the current business requirements, t MoreAbstractThe Purpose of this study was to provide a model for identifying and attracting primary school principals in Tehran. If an organization does not have a program for attracting and employing trained human resources in line with the current business requirements, the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization's human resources programs and policies will suffer irreparable damage. In order to achieve the first two goals, the researcher has used the qualitative method and to achieve the third goal, he has used the quantitative survey method. Therefore, this research is in the category of mixed research. The sample of the qualitative section included 30 specialists, education experts and university professors in Tehran who were selected via purposive sampling. In the quantitative part of the sample using Morgan and Krejcie’s Table, 134 individuals were estimated who were randomly selected and evaluated using a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of the qualitative part were analyzed using the coding process, which finally included 200 indicators, 17 components and four dimensions of managerial competence, social competence, individual competence and final absorption. The findings of the quantitative section confirmed the qualitative findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1583 - Comparison of the effectiveness of Layer-by-layer and Traditional Teaching in Sixth Grade Students’ Academic Achievement at Mathematics
R. R. Hasani F. F. SaeediAbstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of layer-by-layer and traditional teaching on the academic achievement of sixth grade students in mathematics. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of layer-by-layer and traditional teaching on the academic achievement of sixth grade students in mathematics. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method. The statistical population included all male students of the sixth grade of primary school in district one of Sanandaj city who were studying in the academic year 2019-2020. Considering that the statistical population was 2100 people, and according to the subject of the research which was a comparison of two teaching methods, 50 students in two class groups were surveyed based on convenience sampling. In this study, a teacher-made academic achievement test was used to measure academic achievement. In this regard, 7 educational topics of mathematics course were taught in 10 sessions in the experimental group through layer-by-layer teaching method. The data analysis showed that the layer-by-layer teaching method was more effective than the traditional teaching method in the academic achievement of sixth grade students. The results of sub-hypotheses also showed that the layer-by-layer teaching method has been effective in increasing students' learning in the areas of numerical patterns, number writing, divisibility, integers, fractions, decimals and coordinates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1584 - The Effect of Using the National School Network of Iran (growth) on Students’ Creativity and Academic Achievement Motivation
مریم M. Taghvaee YazdiAbstract The general purpose of this study was to examine the effect of using the growth network on creativity and academic achievement of grade two female students of primary schools in Sari. This research study was applied in terms of purpose and in MoreAbstract The general purpose of this study was to examine the effect of using the growth network on creativity and academic achievement of grade two female students of primary schools in Sari. This research study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method it was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all grade two female students of primary schools in Sari in the academic year 1300-1400 who totaled to 6478 people. Due to the quasi-experimental nature of the study, 60 people (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) were recruited by random-Multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect the data, Torrance Creativity Questionnaire (1959) with 60 items and four scales (fluidity, semantic expansion, initiative and responsiveness) and Hermans Progress Motivation Questionnaire (1970) with 29 items were used. The face and content validity of the instruments were secured and their reliabilities were obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which for Creativity Questionnaire yielded 0.766 and for Progress Motivation Questionnaire was estimated to be 0.779. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOA) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the use of growth network for creativity and academic achievement of grade two female students of primary schools in Sari has a significant effect. Using the network to increase creativity (fluidity, semantic expansion, initiative and conceptualization) also was demonstrated to exert a significant effect Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1585 - Evaluation of Shahab Plan in the Curriculum of Grade Two of Primary School (A Phenomenological Qualitative Study)
R. Mansouri R. Mansouri , J. Rahmani , J. Rahmani , Z. Saadatmand , Z. SaadatmandAbstractThis research study has been done with the aim of evaluating the Shahab plan in the curriculum of the grade two elementary school by using a qualitative approach. The method adopted for achieving this goal was the qualitative method of phenomenology. Theoretical MoreAbstractThis research study has been done with the aim of evaluating the Shahab plan in the curriculum of the grade two elementary school by using a qualitative approach. The method adopted for achieving this goal was the qualitative method of phenomenology. Theoretical saturation was used for the sample size and the selection process was continued until no new information appeared. Also, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the required information and to validate the data obtained from 10 participants who were teachers working in Shahab project in Isfahan. The results obtained in this regard show a positive and significant effect of Shahab plan on grade two of elementary school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1586 - Development of Self-navigating Learning within the Curriculum; Concepts and Perspectives
R. R. Nouri H. H. Khodadadi Tirkalaee A. A. ShahryaranAbstract The aim of the present study was to take a descriptive-analytical look at self-navigated learning within the curriculum. In the current world where knowledge is constantly being changed and improved, dealing with novel and new concepts in a si MoreAbstract The aim of the present study was to take a descriptive-analytical look at self-navigated learning within the curriculum. In the current world where knowledge is constantly being changed and improved, dealing with novel and new concepts in a significant aspect of encountering individuals, thus making leaning skills a vital condition for learners’ success. Developing and enhancing self-navigated learning is a major aim of secondary education because students are expected to reach a level of competence th be able to recognize their own educational needs and strive to provide them and evaluate their own learning even without getting a place in any specific educational system. Also, training of teachers and lerning of students have become severely professionalized in the current era so that teaching methods are required to respond to complexities of teaching-learning needs. Through library studies and studying previous theories it was understood that self-navigated learning, because of its reliance on cognitive processes, facilitates learning, planning, self-assessment, review and generally, metacognitive learning. Therefore, considering advantages of self-navigated learning, careful attention to this kind of learning seems essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1587 - Comparative Study the of Pattern of Political Socialization in Secondary School Textbooks in the Justice-oriented Government
Majid Jamei nasab Ahmadali Hesabi yousef amini Nabiollah EederThe aim of the present study was to do a comparative study of the pattern of political socialization in secondary school textbooks in the Justice-oriented government. For this purpose, the textbooks of the second year of high school in humanities, Islamic arts and educa MoreThe aim of the present study was to do a comparative study of the pattern of political socialization in secondary school textbooks in the Justice-oriented government. For this purpose, the textbooks of the second year of high school in humanities, Islamic arts and education, empirical sciences, physics and mathematics, vocational and technical, and work knowledge were considered as the statistical population and based on purposive sampling, social studies cluster books were selected as the statistical sample. William Scott’s method was used to measure the components, based on which an agreement coefficient of 93.20 was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. In the context of this study, the model of political socialization in terms of teaching the categories of republic, tolerance, political legitimacy, political identity, critical pedagogy, social justice, Islamic revolutionary political values, economics, good governance, political attitude, political participation and awareness were analyzed. Findings indicate that in the studied books, the dominant approach is to promote the political and ideological components of the Islamic Revolution, in the process of which the components of republic and good governance have been neglected. The components of religious political identity and political values of the Islamic Revolution are the most important categories related to political socialization in these books, which have been considered through alienation or ideological introduction and critique of Western political identities .Also, the political values of the Islamic Revolution are emphasized more than its social and economic values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1588 - Study of effects of sowing date, row spacing and zinc and nitrogen fertilizers on rainfed chickpea in Gonbad
Mohammad salahifarahi Mohammadreza Dadashi Hossein AjamnooroziAbstract:In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date, row spacing, foliar application of nitrogen and Zinc on yield and yield components of chickpea cv. Arman, a factorial experiment was carried arranged in an RCBD with three replications under rain-fed condition at MoreAbstract:In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date, row spacing, foliar application of nitrogen and Zinc on yield and yield components of chickpea cv. Arman, a factorial experiment was carried arranged in an RCBD with three replications under rain-fed condition at the agricultural research station of Gonbad Treatments were combination of four factors, i.e. sowing dates (Nov 6th, Dec 6th and Dec 26th), row spacing (24 and 36 centimeters), two nitrogen foliar application (without application and spraying urea at 5/1000) and zinc Levels (0 and 30 kg/ha of zinc sulphate). In this experiment, grain yield, pods per plant, seeds per pod, one-thousand seed weight were counted or calculated. The results revealed the positive effect of foliar application of nitrogen,and zinc sulphate on some phenotypic traits, seed yield and yield components of chickpea. Zinc sulphate significantly increased seed yield (1913 kg ha-1) compared to without zinc sulphate treatment (1853 kg ha-1). In addition, nitrogen foliar application significantly affected plant height and seeds per pod. Number of seeds per pod with nitrogen foliar application (1.79 seeds) was significantly higher than that of no foliar application (1.46 seeds). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1589 - The effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on fodder production and dry matter distribution of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack)
Farhad Beiranvand masoud rafiee Ali Khorgami Kazem TaleshiIn order to study the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on the performance and transfer of photosynthetic materials of triticale under rainfed conditions, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design in two cropping years MoreIn order to study the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on the performance and transfer of photosynthetic materials of triticale under rainfed conditions, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design in two cropping years (2014 and 2015). The tested factors include biofertilizer (main factor) at five levels, control (no use), azotobarvar-1, mycorrhiza, phosphate fertilizer-2, potabarvar-2 and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea source) (secondary factor) at four levels, included, control, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha-1. The results showed that the combination of bio-chemical fertilizer increases the yield of fodder and transfer of materials. The efficiency of dry fodder in the combination of 100 and 150 kg/ha-1 of urea fertilizer with biological fertilizers was 5428, 5668 and 3528 kg/ha-1, respectively. The results showed that the maximum and minimum transfer of photosynthetic substances from vegetative organs to seeds (transfer of dry matter, share of transfer of dry matter to seeds, rate of transfer of dry matter from the stem) changes (634.6 g/plant) and (121%). The general results showed that in rainy conditions, the combined application of biofertilizer with urea during planting will result in the optimal yield of triticale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1590 - Effect of planting pattern on some growth traits, seed yield and oil yield of spring rapeseed cultivars in Ardabil region
Gholamreza Hamzehpour Ahmad Tobeh Parisa SheikhzadehAbstractsThis experiment was conducted as factorial base on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station, Samian, Ardabil in 2015. The first factor included three canola cultivars (Hyola 308, Hyola 401 a MoreAbstractsThis experiment was conducted as factorial base on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station, Samian, Ardabil in 2015. The first factor included three canola cultivars (Hyola 308, Hyola 401 and R.G.S 003), second factor was three row distances (20, 30 and 40 cm) and the third factor comprised of plant distances on row (5 and 10 cm). Results showed that the effect of cultivar was significant on traits of growth and reproductive periods, total growth period, and the number of pods per plant. Effect of cultivar and row spacing interaction was significant on seed oil, thousand seeds weight and seed yield. Also, interaction between cultivar, row spacing, and plant distances was significant on all traits except for oil yield. Spring rapeseed, Hyola 308 cultivar showed the highest seed yield (2.55 t ha-1), the highest pod per plant (338.89), and seed per plant (9536) in combination treatment of 20 cm row spacing and plant distance of 5 cm. Also, the highest oil yield (899.05 kg ha-1) was achieved by Hyola 308 planted in 20 and 30 cm row spacing. Having total period of vegetative and reproductive growth of 103 days, Hyola 308 cultivar was determined as the earliest growing cultivar. Generally, results showed that the Hyola 308, as early growing and high yielding cultivar, gained the highest oil and seed yield in combination treatment of plant spacing of 5 × 20 cm for this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1591 - Study of Correlations and regression analysis between quantitative and qualitative characteristics in different cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)in different planting pattern
Gholamreza Hamzehpour احمد توبه پریسا شیخ زادهPlanting pattern is a crucial factor in grain yield and oil crop quality characteristics of rapeseed, for this purpose a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2014 in Ardabil. The first factor was canola cult MorePlanting pattern is a crucial factor in grain yield and oil crop quality characteristics of rapeseed, for this purpose a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2014 in Ardabil. The first factor was canola cultivars at three levels (Hyola 308, Hyola 401 and R.G.S 003), second factor row of three levels (20, 30 and 40 cm) and third factor was plants interval on row at two levels including 5 and 10 cm. The triple effect of cultivars × distance between rows × between plants on row was significant on number of pods per plant, seeds number, one thousand seeds weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, protein percentage, protein yield and grain nitrogen content. The highest seed yield (3875 kg/ha) obtained in plant spacing of 5 cm × 20 cm row spacing × Hyola308. Oil yield was highest in row spacing 20 and 30 cm and highest protein content obtained in Hyola 308 with plants interval of 30 × 5 cm, respectively. Seed yield had significant positive correlation with biological yield (r=0.85**), harvest index (r=0.44**), oil percentage (r=0.38*), oil yield (r=0.84**), protein percentage (r=0.46**), protein yield (r=0.89**) and seed nitrogen (r=0.47**). Stepwise regression analysis, grain yield as dependent trait is influenced by the three variables, protein yield, protein percentage and oil yield regression model, totally 95% of the variations in grain yield was related to these three traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1592 - Investigation of some cation uptake by Halocnemum strobilaceum In Meyghan playa
Hamid Toranjzar Masoumeh Heydarzadeh Abbas AhmadiAbstractCations of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium play important roles in adaptation of plant species to arid conditions. The research in 93 years to evaluate the uptake of cations of sodium, potassium , magnesium and calcium cations such Halocnemum Strobilace MoreAbstractCations of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium play important roles in adaptation of plant species to arid conditions. The research in 93 years to evaluate the uptake of cations of sodium, potassium , magnesium and calcium cations such Halocnemum Strobilaceum in Meghan and compared to the depth ( 0 to 30 cm ) soil samples were analyzed and plant feet in three season ( winter, spring , summer ) was performed . For this purpose, 10 samples from the aboveground plant parts Ha. Strobilaceum and the soil under the plant in three seasons to just completely random sampling was conducted . By transferring the samples to the lab, cations of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium were measured. Finally, using one-way ANOVA was used to examine the significant difference values between samples. Results showed, The results showed that the highest amount of 4 cations starting in the spring than in winter and summer growing season plants there and vice versa least the same amount of cations in the soil in the spring event , which shows high absorption and herbal Ha. Strobilaceum at the start of the growing season , as well as the cations accumulation of soil in direct connection with the distribution of the species Ha. Strobilaceum there . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1593 - The effect of drought stress, chimical fertilizer and biofertilizer on yield and essence content of borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Mohammad Mahdi Mirzaei Sadegh Ghorbani Arash Roozbahani Afshin GhaderiMedicinal plants are of great importance in providing community health. In order to investigate effect of drought stress and bio fertilizer on yield and essential oil content of borage a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replicat MoreMedicinal plants are of great importance in providing community health. In order to investigate effect of drought stress and bio fertilizer on yield and essential oil content of borage a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was done at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University of Roudehen in 2014. Treatments were the main plot was drought in four levels (control, stress at vegetative stage, stress at flowering stage, and stress at vegetative+ flowering stage) and the sub plot consisted of three levels of fertilizer treatments (100% chemical fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer+ bio fertilizer, 25% chemical fertilizer+ bio fertilizer). Results showed a significant effect of drought stress on mucilage percentage and flower yield but the effect of drought stress on essence yield was not significant. The highest mucilage percentage in the stress at Vegetative +flowering stage treatment with an average of 6.35% was obtained. The highest and least flower yield in the control and stress at Vegetative +flowering stage treatments, (with an average of 450 and 364 kg.ha-1) was obtained. Effect of fertilizer treatments on essence yield and flower yield was significant and the percentage of mucilage was not significant. Interactions between drought stress and fertilizer treatments on essence yield, flower yield was significant and 50% chemical fertilizer+ bio fertilizer was best treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1594 - Effects of Potassium Sulfate Fertilizer Application on Sugarcane (Cultivar CP 48-103) Qualitative-Quantitative Yield
BEHNAM HAJJARI Ebrahim Panahpour ALI GHOLAMI -
Open Access Article
1595 - Evaluation of Phosphorus and Zinc Concentration in Oil and Confectionary Sunflower Plant Parts in Modified Fertilization
Hamid Madani -
Open Access Article
1596 - The Effects of Salinity and Methyl Jasmonate on Some Morphological Traits of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
MOHAMMAD BAGHERI KHULENJANI MARYAM SADAT SALAMATI -
Open Access Article
1597 - Saltgrass, a True Halophytic Plant Species for Sustainable Agriculture in Desert Regions
Mohammad PessarakliOriginal Research Research on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages: 1 -11 Saltgrass, a True Halophytic Plant Species for Sustainable Agriculture in Desert Regions Mohammad Pessarakli Professor. School o MoreOriginal Research Research on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages: 1 -11 Saltgrass, a True Halophytic Plant Species for Sustainable Agriculture in Desert Regions Mohammad Pessarakli Professor. School of Plant Sciences, the University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721, USA * Corresponding author E-mail:pessarak@ag.arizona.edu Received: 4 April 2013 Accepted: 12 November 2013 Abstract Continuous desertification of arable lands due to urbanization, global warming, and shortage of water mandates use of low quality/saline water for irrigation, especially in the regions experiencing water shortage. Using low quality/saline water for irrigation imposes more stress on plants which are already under stress in these regions characterized with saline soils and shortage of water. Thus, there is an urgent need for finding salt/drought tolerant plant species to survive/sustain under such stressful conditions. Since the native plants are already growing under such conditions and are adapted to these stresses, they are the best and the most suitable candidates to be manipulated for use under these stressful conditions. If stress tolerant species/genotypes of these native plants are successfully identified, there would be a substantial savings in cultural practices and inputs in using them by the growers and will result in substantial savings in the currencies of the countries. My investigations at the University of Arizona on saltgrass (Distichlis spicata L.), a euhalophytic plant species, have indicated that this plant has an excellent drought and salinity tolerance with a great potential to be used under harsh and stressful environmental conditions. This grass has multi usages, including animal feed, soil conservation, saline soils reclamation, and combating desertification processes. The objectives of this study were to find the most salt tolerant of various saltgrass genotypes for use in arid and semi-arid regions for sustainable agriculture and biologically reclaiming saline soils. Twelve saltgrass clones were studied in a greenhouse, using the hydroponics technique to evaluate their growth responses in terms of shoot and root lengths and DM weights, and general grass quality under salt stress conditions. Grasses were grown vegetatively in Hoagland solution for 90 days prior to exposure to salt stress. Then, 4 treatments [EC of 6 (control), 20, 34, and 48 dSm-1 salinity stress] were replicated 3 times in a RCB design experiment. Grasses were grown under these conditions for 10 weeks. During this period, shoots were clipped bi-weekly, clippings were oven dried at 65o C and DM weights were recorded, and shoot and root lengths were also measured. At the last harvest, roots were also harvested, oven dried, and DM weights were determined. General grass quality was weekly evaluated and recorded. Although, all the grasses showed a high level of salinity tolerance, there was a linear reduction in their growth responses as salinity level increased. However, there was a wide range of variations observed in salt tolerance of these saltgrass clones. The superior stress tolerant genotypes were identified which could be recommended for sustainable production under arid regions and combating desertification. This grass proved to not only have a satisfactory growth under the harsh desert conditions, but also to substantially reduce salinity level of the rhizosphere, which indicates that saltgrass can effectively be used for biological salinity control or reclamation of desert saline soils and combating desertification processes. Keywords: Salt stress, Arid regions, Saltgrass, Sustainable agriculture, Saline soil reclamation, Combating desertification processes Introduction Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene var. stricta (Gray) Beetle) (Gould, 1993), indigenous to the Southwest, a potential animal feed plant, saline soil reclamation, soil establishment/erosion control, and use as a turfgrass species for lawns/recreation areas, grows in very poor to fair condition soils, in both salt-affected soils and soils under poor fertility as well as drought and harsh environmental conditions (Gould, 1993 O’Leary and Glenn, 1994). Its dominant and most common habitats are arid and semi-arid regions (Marcum et al., 2005 Pessarakli and Kopec, 2010 Pessarakli and Kopec, 2011 Pessarakli et al., 2011a, 2011b Pessarakli et al., 2012). The plant is abundantly found in areas of the western parts of the United States as well as on the sea-shores of several Middle-Eastern countries, Africa, South and Central American countries (Pessarakli et al., 2005 Pessarakli, 2007 Pessarakli and Kopec, 2010 Pessarakli et al., 2011a, 2011b Pessarakli et al., 2012). The species can be manipulated to modify its performance and increase its yield and productivity. This plant has multi-purpose usages. It can be substituted for animal feeds like alfalfa, used for biological reclamation of saline soils, soil conservation and erosion control for covering road sides and soil surfaces in lands with high risks of erosion, and use as a turfgrass species. Recently, the United States Golf Association (USGA) and the US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) have shown a great deal of interest in financing research work on this plant to use it as a turfgrass or for soil erosion control and saline soil reclamation. Most of these research works have been conducted at the University of Arizona and Colorado State University. Consequently, the USGA and the BLM funds for the investigations on this grass species have been allocated to these institutions. Positive and promising results have already been obtained from these studies (Gessler and Pessarakli, 2009 Kopec et al., 2000, 2001a, 2001b, 2006 Marcum et al., 2001, 2005 Pessarakli, 2005a, 2005b, 2007, 2008 Pessarakli and Kopec, 2005, 2006, 2008a, 2008b, 2010 Pessarakli and Marcum, 2000 Pessarakli et al., 2001a, 2001b, 2001c, 2003, 2005, 2008 2011a, 2011b, 2012). Most of the published reports on saltgrass, including those of Sigua and Hudnall (1991), Sowa and Towill (1991), Enberg and Wu (1995), Miyamoto et al. (1996), Rossi et al. (1996), and Miller et al. (1998) are concern only with the growth of this species, usually concentrated only on one grass genotype or the species of a specific location. The objectives of this study were to find the most salinity tolerant of various saltgrass genotypes and to recommend them as the potential species for use under arid, semi-arid, and areas with saline soils and limited water supplies for sustainable agriculture and combating desertification. Materials and Methods Plant Materials Twelve inland saltgrass (Distichlis spicata L.) clones (A37, A49, A50, A60, 72, A86, A107, A126, A136, A138, 239, and 240), collected from different locations in several western states of the United States (Arizona, California, Nevada, and Colorado) were used in a greenhouse experiment to evaluate their growth responses in terms of shoot and root lengths as well as shoot and root dry weights, and visual grass quality under different levels of salinity stress conditions, using a hydroponics technique. Plant Establishment The plants were grown as vegetative propagules in cups, 9 cm diameter and cut to 7 cm height. Silica sand was used as the plant anchor medium. The cups were fitted in plywood lid holes and the lids were placed on 42 cm X 34 cm X 12 cm Carb-X polyethelene tubs containing half strength Hoagland nutrient solution (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950). Three replications of each treatment were used in a randomized complete block (RCB) design in this investigation. The plants were allowed to grow in this nutrient solution for 8 weeks. During this period, the plant shoots were harvested weekly in order to reach full maturity and develop uniform and equal size plants. The harvested plant materials were discarded. The culture solutions were changed biweekly to ensure adequate amount of plant essential nutrient elements for normal growth and development. At the last harvest, 10th week, the roots were also cut to 2.5 cm length to have plants with uniform roots and shoots for the stress phase of the experiment. Salt Treatments The salt treatments were initiated by gradually raising the EC (electrical conductivity) of the culture medium to 6, 20, 34, and 48 dS m-1 by adding Instant Ocean salt to the nutrient solutions, followed procedures used by Pessarakli and Kopec (2005, 2006). The EC of the culture solutions were raised by increments of 6 (first day) and 7 every other day until the desired EC levels were reached. Four treatments were used, including control (EC = 6 dS m-1, several of my salinity stress experiments showed that saltgrass at relatively low level of salinity for this high salinity tolerant halophytic grass performs better than growing in normal condition, therefore, for the control, usually, I use EC = 6 dS m-1), 20, 34, and 48 dS dS m-1 (EC = 48 dS dS m-1 is a good representative of the EC of sea water which is normally between 30 and 60 dS dS m-1). The culture solution levels in the tubs were marked at the 10 liter volume, and the solution conductivities were monitored/adjusted to maintain the prescribed treatment salinity levels. After the final salinity levels were reached, the shoots and the roots were harvested and the harvested plant materials were discarded prior to the beginning of the data collection of the salinity stress phase of the experiment. Then, plant shoots were harvested bi-weekly for 10 weeks for the evaluation of the dry matter (DM) production. At each harvest, both shoot and root lengths were measured and recorded. The harvested plant materials were oven dried at 65o C and DM weights were measured and recorded. The recorded data were considered the bi-weekly plant DM production. At the termination of the experiment, the last harvest, plant roots were also harvested, oven dried at 65o C, and dry weights were determined and recorded. Weekly visual evaluation of the grass quality was also performed and recorded. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance, using SAS statistical package (SAS Institute, Inc. 1991). The means were separated, using Duncan Multiple Range test. Results and Discussion Shoot Dry Matter (DM) Weight The shoot dry matter (DM) weights of all the saltgrass clones decreased with increased salinity stress level. A marked reduction in shoot dry weights occurred at the higher salinity levels (EC 34 and EC 48 dS m-1) across all the clones (Table 1). For the dry weights of the shoots, the gap between the means of the stressed plants and the control (EC = 6 dS m-1) was wider as the exposure time to salinity stress progressed. Root Dry Matter (DM) Weight The effect of salinity on root dry weight was less severe compared to that of shoot dry mass (Table 2). Similar results were reported on different genotypes/ accessions/clones of this grass in other studies by this author and his co-workers Table 1. Saltgrass shoot dry weight (DM) under salt stress Grass ID Shoot 6 DM (g)* 20 at EC 34 dS m-1 48 A37 1.10cde** 0.57bcde 0.27cde 0.15c A49 1.26bcd 0.77ab 0.32bcde 0.13c A50 1.65ab 0.60bcd 0.21de 0.17bc A60 1.03cde 0.38e 0.17e 0.13c 72 1.38bc 0.82a 0.38abc 0.19bc A86 1.66ab 0.86a 0.26cde 0.14c A107 0.95de 0.52cde 0.30bcde 0.20bc A126 0.83e 0.41de 0.18e 0.15c A128 1.37bc 0.73abc 0.52a 0.30a A138 1.09cde 0.46de 0.36abcd 0.25ab 239 1.67ab 0.88a 0.44ab 0.15c 240 1.94a 0.91a 0.49a 0.24ab *The values are the means of 3 replications of each treatment. **The values followed by the same letters in each column are not statistically significant at the 0.05 probability level. Table 2. Saltgrass root dry weight (DM) (cum. values) under salt stress Grass ID Root 6 DM (g)* 20 at EC 34 dS m-1 48 A37 0.74cde** 0.99def 1.10cdef 0.78cd A49 1.61b 1.11cdef 1.56bcd 1.03bcd A50 1.83b 1.65a 1.94abc 0.74cd A60 1.46bc 1.71a 1.31bcde 0.84bcd 72 0.77cde 0.93def 0.72def 0.50d A86 1.06bcde 1.18bcde 0.76def 0.81bcd A107 0.68de 0.84ef 0.53ef 0.68cd A126 0.50e 0.68f 0.26f 0.48d A128 3.46a 1.50abc 2.05ab 1.18bc A138 1.17bcde 0.88def 0.43ef 2.28a 239 1.31bcd 1.30abcd 2.82a 1.21bc 240 3.36a 1.63ab 1.25bcde 1.42b *The values are the means of 3 replications of each treatment. **The values followed by the same letters in each column are not statistically significant at the 0.05 probability level. (Marcum et al., 2005 Pessarakli, 2007, 2008 Pessarakli and Kopec, 2005, 2006, 2010 Pessarakli and Marcum, 2000 Pessarakli et al., 2001c, 2005, 2008, 2011a, 2012). Sagi et al. (1997) and Pessarakli and Tucker (1985, 1988) also found the adverse effect of salinity stress was more pronounced on plant shoots than the roots. This is a common phenomenon in halophytic plant species that usually under salinity stress conditions, their shoots are more severely affected than their roots. Clone 240 had excellent root growth at EC 6 dS m-1 and the second highest root production at EC 48 dS m-1 (Table 2), but had poor quality under high salinity level. The same was true for clone 239. Clone A138 had twice the root mass of most other clones at EC 48 dS m-1, but essentially had no green foliage at EC 48 dS m-1 at the close of the test. At EC 6 dS m-1, clone A128 produced twice the test mean average for roots (3.46 g) with fairly good absolute root production afterwards, but showing a significant change in root production as EC levels increased (Table 2). Although the root dry weight was enhanced at the lower level of salinity for most of the clones, there was not statistically significant difference detected between the means of the different treatments (Table 2). Grass Visual Quality Any level of salinity stress had a significant adverse effect on the grass visual quality (Table 3). Quality scores for various clones ranged from 9.7 to 2.6 at different salinity stress levels. At EC 20 dS m-1, quality scores ranged from 5.1 to 9.7 (Table 3) throughout the entire test. As shown in Table 3, all clonal entries had good quality and full maintenance of green tissue retention at EC 6 dS m-1 at the end of the trial. After 10 weeks growth at EC 34 dS m-1 (salinity level equal to that of sea level salinity), entries 239 and 240 were the only clones to have quality ratings of 6 (acceptable quality, on the scale of 1 - 10) or greater (Table 3). These two clones represented the best quality clones at EC 34 dS m-1 at the end of the test. At EC 48 dS m-1, no entries produced an acceptable plant quality (scores of 6 or higher). Most clones decreased in (final) quality as EC increased from EC 6 to EC 48 dS m-1, but the entries 239 and 240 showed a more of typical halophytic response, having an increase in quality at EC 20 dS m-1 over that observed at EC 6 dS m-1 (Table 3). Table 3. Saltgrass visual quality under salinity stress Grass ID General 6 quality* 20 at 34 EC 48 A37 8.0cde** 5.1f 3.3g 2.6e A49 7.7def 6.4d 4.3ef 2.8e A50 8.6abc 7.2bc 5.0cd 4.0bc A60 8.2bcd 5.5ef 3.9fg 3.5cd 72 9.0a 7.4bc 5.9b 4.8a A86 8.5abc 6.7cd 5.7b 3.9bc A107 7.5def 5.9def 5.4bc 4.4ab A126 6.7g 5.3f 4.6de 3.9bc A128 7.1fg 6.2de 5.0cd 3.0de A138 8.6abc 7.9b 5.4bc 4.2ab 239 8.9ab 9.3a 6.6a 4.2ab 240 9.2a 9.7a 7.1a 2.8e *The quality values are the means of 3 replications of each treatment and 10 weekly evaluations. **The values followed by the same letters in each column are not statistically significant at the 0.05 probability level. Salt Tolerance Ranking of the Various Clones of Saltgrass Salinity tolerance ranking of the various saltgrass clones used in this study based on shoot DM weight, root DM weight, grass visual quality, or overall ranking considering all the study parameters together, are presented in Table 4. Although there are some minor differences in salt tolerance ranking of the clones when compared based on shoot DM weight, root DM weight, or grass visual quality, the overall ranking is the best representation of the salinity tolerance of the various tested clones. Considering all the study parameters together, there was a wide range of salinity tolerance found among the 12 saltgrass clones. The 240 and 239 clones were the most salt tolerant clones (especially, up to EC of 34 dS m-1) followed by A128, 72, A138. These were closely followed by A50, A86, and A49 in salinity tolerance. A49 clone laid between this and the last group in regards to salinity tolerance. A60, A107, A37, and A126 were among the lowest salinity tolerant grasses which the A126 was the least tolerant clone. Table 4. Salt tolerance ranking of Saltgrass based on shoot weight, root weight, or grass visual quality Tolerance Salt Shoot wt. tolerance Root wt. based Quality on Overall High 240a* A128a 240a 240a A128ab 240ab 239a 239a 239ab 239ab 72ab A128ab 72ab A50ab A138ab 72ab A86ab A60abc A50abc A138ab A138abc A138abc A86bc A50b A50bc A49bc A60bcd A86b A49bc A86bc A49cde A49bc A107cd A37cd A128de A60cd A37cd 72cd A107de A107cd A126d A107cd A37de A37cd Low A60d A126d A126e A126d *The clones followed by the same letters in each column are not statistically significant at the 0.05 probability level. Overall, the results of the shoot and the root dry mass and the visual grass quality showed that the maintenance of green foliage and tolerance under saline hydroponic conditions are under physiological conditions/adjustments that are not totally related to dry matter (DM) production in shoots and roots. This was corroborated by the results that clones which maintained the highest quality under EC 34 dS m-1 exhibited either a large increase in root mass (i.e., clone 239), or only a small increase of the root mass (i.e., clone 240) produced at EC 6 dS m-1. Likewise, clone A138 produced a large increase of its EC 6 dS m-1 root mass at the highest EC level of 48 dS m-1. However, it could not maintain green foliage at 10 weeks of exposure to this high EC. The same was true for shoot DM production that occurred in a more narrow range of values than did root DM production. In short, saltgrass shoot DM weight decreased linearly with increased salinity levels for all clones. For most clones, there was no difference among the root DM of the grass at different salinity levels. Visual quality of the grass followed the same pattern as the shoot DM weight. It decreased linearly with increased salinity levels for all clones. Clones differed greatly in their maintenance of green color retention (quality) as EC levels (salinity) increased. Two clones which produced acceptable quality at the EC level of 34 dS m-1 were clones 239 and 240. No clones could maintain adequate quality color at EC level of 48 dS m-1 after 10 weeks of exposure at this EC level. The difference in salinity tolerance level among the clones was significant. The grasses were separated in several groups with different degrees of salt tolerance. Considering all the study parameters together, there was a wide range of salinity tolerance found among the 12 saltgrass clones. The 240 and 239 clones were the most salt tolerant clones (especially, up to EC of 34 dS m-1) followed by A128, 72, and A138. These were closely followed by A50, A86, and A49 in salinity tolerance. A49 clone laid between this and the last group in regards to salinity tolerance. A60, A107, A37, and A126 were among the lowest salinity tolerant grasses which the A126 was the least tolerant clone. Conclusions In terms of salinity tolerance (quality), green foliage retention was empirically the best assessment of the clonal response to increased salinity. For large scale screening of saltgrass germplasm, the maintenance of green tissue at a specific EC level would seem to be adequate as a simple selection method for salinity tolerance. Shoot and root lengths and dry weights decreased with increased salinity stress. However, shoots were more severely affected by salinity stress than the roots. Grass visual quality was significantly affected (lower quality) as the salinity levels of the culture solutions increased. Overall, the results of this investigation indicate that saltgrass is a very high salinity tolerant species, and the results further suggest that this grass growing even under poor soil conditions (salt-affected desert soils) can be a suitable and beneficial plant species for growth and production in arid regions, and still show a favorable growth. Acknowledgments This study was financially supported by a grant from the United States Golf Association (USGA). References Enberg A, Wu L. 1995. Selenium assimilation and differential response to elevated sulfate and chloride salt concentrations in two saltgrass ecotypes. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 32(2):71‑178. Gessler N, Pessarakli M. 2009. Growth Responses and Nitrogen Uptake of Saltgrass under Salinity Stress. Turfgrass Landscape and Urban IPM Research Summary 2009, Cooperative Extension, Agricultural Experiment Station, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Publication AZ1487, Series P-155, pp 32-38. Gould FW. 1993. Grasses of the Southwestern United States. 6th Edition. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, USA. Hoagland DF, Arnon DI. 1950. The Water Culture Method for Growing Plants Without Soil. California Agriculture Experiment Station, Circulation, 347 (Rev.). Kopec DM, Adams A, Bourn C, Gilbert J.J, Marcum K, Pessarakli M. 2001a. Field Performance of Selected Mowed Distichlis Clones, United States Golf Association (USGA) Research Report #3. Turfgrass Landscape and Urban IPM Research Summary 2001, Cooperative Extension Agriculture Experiment Station, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Publication AZ1246 Series P-126, pp. 295-304. Kopec DM, Adams A, Bourn C, Gilbert JJ, Marcum K, Pessarakli M. 2001b. Field Performance of Selected Mowed Distichlis Clones, United States Golf Association (USGA) Research Report #4. Turfgrass Landscape and Urban IPM Research Summary 2001, Cooperative Extension Agriculture Experiment Station, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Publication AZ1246 Series P-126, pp. 305-312. Kopec DM, Marcum K, Pessarakli M. 2000. Collection and Evaluation of Diverse Geographical Accessions of Distichlis for Turf-Type Growth Habit, Salinity and Drought Tolerance. Report #2, Cooperative Extension Agriculture Experiment Station Service, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 11p. Kopec DM, Nolan S, Brown PW, Pessarakli M. 2006. Water and Turfgrass in the Arid Southwest: Water Use Rates of Tifway 419 Bermudagrass, SeaIsle 1, Seashore Paspalum, and Inland Saltgrass. United States Golf Association (USGA) Green Section Record, A Publication of Turfgrass Management, November-December 2006 Issue (6):12-14. Marcum KB, Kopec DM, Pessarakli M. 2001. Salinity Tolerance of 17 Turf-type Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Accessions. International Turfgrass Research Conference, July 15-21, 2001, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Marcum KB, Pessarakli M, Kopec DM. 2005. Relative salinity tolerance of 21 turf-type desert saltgrasses compared to bermudagrass. HortScience 40(3): 827-829. www.ashs.org Miller Deborah L, Smeins FE, James W. Webb. 1998. Response of a Texas Distichlis spicata coastal marsh following lesser snow goose herbivory. Aquatic Botany, 61(4):301‑307. Miyamoto S, Glenn EP, Olsen MW. 1996. Growth, water use and salt uptake of four halophytes irrigated with highly saline water. Journal of Arid Environment, 32(2):141‑159. O’Leary J.W, Glenn E.P. 1994. Global distribution and potential for halophytes. In: Halophytes as a Resource for Livestock and for Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands (V.R. Squires and A.T. Ayoub, Eds.). pp7-19. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht. Pessarakli M. 2005a. Supergrass: Drought-tolerant turf might be adaptable for golf course use. Golfweek’s SuperNews Magazine, November 16, 2005, p 21 and cover page. http://www.supernewsmag.com/news/golfweek/ supernews/20051116/ p21. asp?st=p21_s1.htm Pessarakli M. 2005b. Gardener’s delight: Low-maintenance grass. Tucson Citizen, Arizona, Newspaper Article, September 15, 2005, Tucson, AZ, USA. Gardener'sdelight:Low-maintenancegrasshttp://www.tucsoncitizen. com/ Pessarakli M. 2007. Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), a Potential Future Turfgrass Species with Minimum Maintenance/Management Cultural Practices. In: Handbook of Turfgrass Management and Physiology (M. Pessarakli, Ed.), pp. 603-615, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Publishing Company, Florida. Pessarakli M. 2008. Nitrogen Nutrition of Distichlis (Saltgrass) under Normal and Salinity Stress Conditions Using 15N. Turfgrass and Environment, United States Golf Association (USGA), p. 70. Pessarakli M, Gessler N, Kopec DM. 2008. Growth Responses of Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) under Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Salinity Stress. United States Golf Association (USGA) Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online, October 15, 2008, 7(20):1-7. http://turf.lib.msu.edu/tero/ v02/n14.pdf Pessarakli M, Harivandi MA, Kopec DM, Ray DT. 2012. Growth Responses and Nitrogen Uptake by Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata L.), a Halophytic Plant Species, under Salt Stress, Using the 15N Technique. International Journal of Agronomy, Volume 2012, Article ID 896971, 9 pages, doi:10.1155/2012/896971. Pessarakli M, Kopec DM. 2005. Responses of Twelve Inland Saltgrass Accessions to Salt Stress. United States Golf Association (USGA) Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online 4(20):1-5. http://turf.lib.msu.edu/tero/ v02/ n14.pdf Pessarakli M, Kopec DM. 2011. Responses of Various Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Clones to Drought Stress at Different Mowing Heights. Journal of Food, Agriculture, and Environment (JFAE), Vol. 9(3 and 4):665-668. Pessarakli M, Kopec DM. 2006. Interactive Effects of Salinity and Mowing Heights on the Growth of Various Inland Saltgrass Clones. Turfgrass and Environment, United States Golf Association (USGA), pp. 83-84. Pessarakli M, Kopec DM. 2008a. Establishment of Three Warm-Season Grasses under Salinity Stress. Acta HortScience, International Society of Horticultural Science (ISHS), Vol. 783:29-37. Pessarakli M, Kopec DM. 2008b. Growth Response of Various Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Clones to Combined Effects of Drought and Mowing Heights. United States Golf Association (USGA) Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online, January 1, 2008, 7(1):1-4. http://turf.lib. msu.edu/tero/v02/n14.pdf Pessarakli M, Kopec DM. 2010. Growth Responses and Nitrogen Uptake of Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), a True Halophyte, under Salinity Stress Conditions using 15N Technique. Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Soils and Ground Water Salinization in Arid Regions, Vol. 2, 1-11, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. Pessarakli M, Kopec DM, Koski AJ. 2003. Establishment of Warm-Season Grasses under Salinity Stress. American Society of Agronomy-Crop Science Society of America-Soil Science Society of America (ASA-CSSA-SSSA) Annual Meetings, Nov. 2-6, 2003, Denver, CO. Pessarakli M, Kopec DM, Ray DT. 2011a. Growth Responses of Various Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Clones Under Salt Stress Conditions. Journal of Food, Agriculture, and Environment (JFAE), Vol. 9(3 and4):660-664. Pessarakli M, Marcum KB, Emam Y. 2011b. Relative droughttolerance of various desert saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) genotypes. Journal of Food, Agriculture, and Environment (JFAE), Vol. 9(1):474-478. Pessarakli M, Marcum KB. 2000. Growth Responses and Nitrogen-15 Absorption of Distichlis under Sodium Chloride Stress. American Society of Agronomy-Crop Science Society of America-Soil Science Society of America (ASA-CSSA-SSSA) Annual Meetings, Nov. 5-9, 2000, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Pessarakli M, Marcum KB, Kopec DM. 2001a. Drought Tolerance of Twenty one Saltgrass (Distichlis) Accessions Compared to Bermudagrass. Turfgrass Landscape and Urban IPM Research Summary 2001, Cooperative Extension, Agricultural Experiment Station, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Publication AZ1246 Series P-126, pp. 65-69. Pessarakli M, Marcum KB, Kopec DM. 2001b. Drought tolerance of turf- type inland saltgrasses and bermudagrass. American Society of Agronomy-Crop Science Society of America-Soil Science Society of America (ASA-CSSA-SSSA) Annual Meetings, Oct. 27 - Nov 2, 2001, Charlotte, North Carolina, Agronomy Abstract, C05-pessarakli130005-P. Pessarakli M, Marcum KB, Kopec DM. 2001c. Growth Responses of Desert Saltgrass under Salt Stress. Turfgrass Landscape and Urban IPM Research Summary 2001, Cooperative Extension, Agricultural Experiment Station, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Publication AZ1246 Series P-126, pp. 70-73. Pessarakli M, Marcum KB, Kopec DM. 2005. Growth responses and nitrogen-15 absorption of desert saltgrass under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 28(8):1441-1452. www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01904167.asp Pessarakli M, Tucker TC. 1985. Uptake of Nitrogen-15 by cotton under salt stress. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 49:149-152. Pessarakli M, Tucker TC. 1988. Dry matter yield and nitrogen-15 uptake by tomatoes under sodium chloride stress. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52:698-700. Rossi AM, Brodbeck BV, Strong DR.1996. Response of xylem‑feeding leafhopper to host plant species and plant quality. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 22(4):653‑671. Sagi M, Savidov NA, L’vov NP, Lips SH. 1997. Nitrate reductase and molybdenum cofactor in annual ryegrass as affected by salinity and nitrogen source. Physiologia Plantanum, 99:546-553. SAS Institute, Inc. 1991. SAS/STAT User’s guide. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC. Sigua GC, Hudnall WH. 1991. Gypsum and water management interactions for revegetation and productivity improvement of brackish marsh in Louisiana. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 22(15/16):1721‑ 1739. Sowa S, Towill LE. 1991. Effects of nitrous oxide on mitochondrial and cell respiration and growth in Distichlis spicata suspension cultures. Plant‑Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture (Netherlands), 27(2):197‑201. 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ElouaerMohamed Aymen Ben Fredj Meriem Zhani Kaouther Hannachi CherifReserarch on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages:13 - 20 Original Research Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Condit MoreReserarch on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages:13 - 20 Original Research Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Conditions Elouaer Mohamed Aymen 1 *, Ben Fredj Meriem 1, Zhani Kaouther 1,Hannachi Cherif 1 Sousse University, High Institute of Agronomy, Chott Mariem, 4042, Tunisia * Corresponding author E-mail: aymenouaer@gmail.com Received: 17 July 2013 Accepted: 12 November 2013 Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of NaCl priming on growth traits and some biochemical attributes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cv Safola) in salinity conditions. Seeds of safflower were primed with NaCl (5 g L-1) for 12 h in 23 °C. Primed (P) and non primed (NP) seeds were directly sown in the field. Experiments were conducted using various water concentrations induced by NaCl (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1) in salinity experiment. Results showed that growth (plant height, fresh and dry weight) and biochemical (chlorophyll, proline and proteins content) of plants derived from primed seeds were greater of about 15 to 30% than that of plants derived from non primed seeds. It seems that salinity tolerance in priming resulted plants was due to higher potential of these plants to accumulate more biochemical attributes (more chlorophylles, proline and proteins in primed plants than controls ones). Keywords: Biochemical attributes, Growth parameters, Safflower, Salinity, Seed priming Introduction Salt stress is certainly one of the most serious environmental factors limiting the productivity of crop plants (Ashraf, 1999). This is due to the fact that salinity affects most aspects of plant physiology, growth and development (Borsani et al., 2003). One metabolic response to salt stress is the synthesis of compatible osmolytes (Hasegawa et al., 2000). These organic compounds are thought to mediate osmotic adjustment, protecting cellular structures and oxidative damage by their free radical scavenging capacity (Smirnoff, 1993). Metabolic acclimation via the accumulation of compatible solutes is often regarded as a basic strategy for the protection and survival of plants under abiotic stress (Sakamoto and Murata, 2000 Shabala and Cuin, 2006). Many plant species accumulate significant amounts of glycine betaine, proline, and polyols in response to high salinity (Di Martino et al., 2003). In addition to the conventional role of these compatible solutes in cell osmotic adjustment (Bray, 1993), they are also suggested to act as low molecular-weight chaperones, stabilizing the photosystem II complex, protecting the structure of enzymes and proteins, maintaining membrane integrity and scavenging ROS (Mansour, 1998 Noiraud et al., 2001). The production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in cells increases during abiotic and biotic stresses like salt stress, as does the level of ROS-induced damage. Elevated production of ROS can seriously disrupt cellular homeostasis and normal metabolisms through oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and nucleic acid (Bandeoglu et al., 2004). Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment that involves exposure of seeds to low external water potential that limits hydration. This hydration is sufficient to permit pre-germinative metabolic events but insufficient to allow radicle protrusion through the seed coat. This technique has become a common seed treatment that can increase emergence, growth, yield and salt tolerance mainly under unfavorable environmental conditions (Ashraf and Rauf 2001). Higher salt tolerance of plants from primed seed seems to be the results of a higher capacity of osmotic adjustment (proline or carbohydrate synthesis) in leaves. Sivritepe et al. (2003) confirmed that NaCl seed priming increased proline concentration and salt tolerance of melon seedlings. Farhoudi et al. (2007) suggested that canola seed priming with NaCl improved salinity tolerance in canola seedlings because it decreased cell membrane injury and increased seedling proline concentration. Seed priming is one of the physiological methods which improve plant growth and yield. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of NaCl priming on some aspects of growth and physiology, including protein, chlorophyll and proline content of safflower under salt stress. Materials and methods The experiment was carried in the experimental field research of Chott Mariem High Institute of Agronomy, (Tunisia) in November 2011. Safflower seeds were primed with 5 g L-1 NaCl solution for 12 hours, at 22 °C. After priming, primed and non primed seeds (control seeds) were sown directly in the soil at the month of November. Throughout their vegetative cycles, plants from primed and control seeds were irrigated with saline water at five levels of NaCl concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1). The experiment was arranged as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications and 20 plants per replication and two factors which were priming treatment (NaCl primed seeds and control seeds) and salinity levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1 NaCl). Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a and b content were calculated (663 and 640 nm) according to the method of Lichtenthaler (1987). Protein content was estimated at 595 nm according to the method of Bradford (1976) using bovine serum albumin as standard. Free proline was estimated at 520 nm according to the method of Bates et al. (1973) and pure proline was used as standard. Plants were harvested at the flowering stage and were recorded on shoot fresh and dry weight (g plant-1), shoot chlorophyll a content (mg g-1fresh weight), shoot chlorophyll b content (mg g-1 fresh weight), shoot chlorophyll (a + b) content (mg g-1 fresh weight), shoot proline content (μg.g-1 fresh weight), shoot protein content (mg.g-1 fresh weight). Growth and biochemical parameters of safflower were evaluated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test (p NP P NP P NP P NP P NP 162a 143c 153b 135cd 141c 122e 132d 118f 124e 109g 423a 214c 312b 165d 156de 146e 143e 129f 131f 98g 158a 119c 142b 106d 109d 93e 98e 86f 77g 58h Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level according to Duncan test. P: Primed seed, NP: Non Primed seed Table 2. Effect of NaCl priming and salinity on chlorophyll, proline and proteins contents of safflower under NaCl stress Treatments Chlr (a) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Chlr (b) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Chlr (a + b) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Proline (μg g-1 F. Wt.) Proteins (mg g-1 F. Wt.) Seed Priming NaCl (g L-1) 0 3 6 9 12 P NP P NP P NP P NP P NP 1.628a 1.236e 1.532b 1.195f 1.402c 0.952fg 1.306d 0.806g 1.224e 0.671h 0.824a 0.627c 0.706b 0.514d 0.596d 0.394f 0.467e 0.271g 0.334f 0.194h 2.574a 1.914c 2.298b 1.704e 2.094b 1.692e 1.802d 1.042g 1.604f 0.834h 61.18e 52.52f 102.24d 62.02e 119.84c 104.68cd 154.67b 114.52c 196.42a 158.08b 0.385e 0.197h 0.421d 0.243g 0.474c 0.286f 0.502b 0.306ef 0.543a 0.342ef Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level according to Duncan test. P: Primed seed, NP: Non Primed seed Maximum shoot proline content of 196.42 μg g-1 fresh weight was recorded in plant derived from primed (P) seeds from the treatment applied with 12 g L-1 NaCl. Minimum proline content of 52.52 μg g-1 fresh weight was recorded from plant derived from control seeds with the application of 0 g L-1 NaCl. Highest shoot protein content was recorded in plant derived from primed seeds with the application of 12 g L-1 NaCl (0.543 mg g -1 Fresh Weight). The Lowest shoot proteins were observed in plant derived from control seeds with the application of 0 g L-1 NaCl (0.197 mg g-1 Fresh Weight). The treatment of seed priming has increased shoot protein content by 35% in primed seed (P) than non primed seed (NP). Mean values of the data revealed significant increase in shoot protein content with the application of additional increment of salinity. Shoot protein content was enhanced with the application of 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1 salinity levels, respectively. Discussion The present study confirmed that plant height recorded in plants derived from primed seeds were significantly different from non-primed treatments when exposed to different salinity levels. Similar results are also reported by Sivritepe et al. (2003) in melon. It was observed that boosting levels of salinity has gradually decreased plant height which might be due to decreased physiological activities resulting from water and nutrients stress occurring under salinity stress. The adverse effect of salinity on plants may lead to disturbances in plant metabolism, which consequently led to reduction of plant growth and productivity (Shafi et al., 2009). Seed priming and salinity levels have extensively affected shoot fresh and dry weight (g plant-1) of safflower. Shoot weight decreased progressively with the rise of stress level compared with control. Fortmeir and Swchuber (1995) also reported similar results in barley. The increase in salinity levels resulted in the development of water and nutrient stresses. The toxic effect of sodium at high salt levels and physical damage to roots decreased their ability to absorb water and nutrient which caused marked reduction in photosynthesis, enzymatic process and protein synthesis (Tester and Davenport, 2003), which resulted in stunted growth and poor leaf area development. The decrease in the rate of photosynthesis due to leaf area might be responsible to decrease shoot fresh and in turn dry weight. It is evident from results that primed seeds in comparison with control seeds resulted in more crop growth rate (Basra et al., 2003). Therefore, it is concluded that seed priming could be more effective in improving safflower growth parameters. These results agree with the finding of Harris et al. (2001) and Basra et al. (2003). They reported greater plant weight following seed priming. Salinity drastically affects photosynthesis due to decreasing chlorophyll content and commonly showed adverse effects on membrane stability (Parida et al., 2002). Salinity reduced the chlorophyll a and b content with increasing NaCl concentrations. Increasing salinity decreased chlorophyll content in plants (Scalet et al., 1995). Salinity caused decreases in phototsynthetic pigment contents and photosystem II electron transport activity in plants (Potluri and Devi Prasad, 1996). The reduction of photosynthetic pigment in the present study might have been degradation of chlorophyll by chlorophyllase and reactive oxygen species generated during photorespiration under salinity. Salt induced osmotic stress as well as sodium toxicity trigger to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such superoxide (O2.), hydrogen peroxide (HO), hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen (O2-), which can damage mitochondria and chloroplast by disrupting cellular structure (Singh et al., 1987). It is attributed to a salt-induced weakening of protein-pigment-lipid complex and due to the suppression of the specific enzyme which is responsible for synthesis of green pigments (Souza et al., 2004) or increases chlorophyllase enzyme activity (Sreenivasulu et al., 1999). Leslie and Romani (1988) have showed that salicylic acid seed priming treatment stimulates photosynthetic machinery and increase the content of chlorophyll. El-Tayeb (2005) has found that Barley seeds presoaked with 1mM salicylic acid under salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM NaCl) increased the photosynthetic pigment like chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and caratenoids in shoots and roots of 15 day old seedlings compared to seedlings treated with NaCl alone. In the present investigation, seed priming with NaCl had maintained significantly higher total chlorophyll contents and its fractions ‘a’ and ‘b’ compared to control which recorded highest reduction. Similar increase in chlorophyll content has been reported by several authors, Saha and Gupta (1998) in mungbean, Afria et al. (1998) in Gaur and Cengiz et al. (2002) in tomato. The increase in chlorophyll content in these treatments was attributed to decrease in chlorophyllase activity and de novo synthesis of structural component of proteins which are responsible for chlorophyll degradation (Subater and Rodriguez, 1978). Proline plays an important role in reducing the injurious effects of salinity and an acceleration of the repairing processes following stresses. Proline has already been reported to act as an osmoprotectant and associated with mechanism of salt tolerance under salinity stresses (Yu Lei and Shaozheng, 2000). It protects folded protein structures against denaturation, stabilizes cell membranes by interacting with phospholipids, functions as a hydroxyl radical scavenger, or serves as an energy and nitrogen source (Aspinal and Paleg, 1981). Accumulation of solutes like proline can help the plant systems to adopt in saline environment (Garcia et al., 1997). Sivritepe et al. (2003) confirmed that, NaCl seed priming increased proline concentration and salt tolerance in melon seedling, under saline condition compared to non-priming seed. Farhoudi et al. (2007) suggested that canola seed priming with NaCl improved salinity tolerance in canola seedling because seed priming decreased seedling cell membrane damage and increased seedling proline concentration. Recent studies suggest that proline may play as an enzyme stabilizing role (Bhattacharjee and Mukherjee 2002 Maggio et al., 2002) and reduce lipid peroxidation (Jain et al., 2001 Farhoudi et al., 2007) under salt stress. Our results showed that safflower shoot from Primed group had the highest proline concentration under the highest salinity level. Proteins that accumulate in plants under saline conditions may provide a storage form of nitrogen that is re-utilized later (Turan et al., 2007) and may play a role in osmotic adjustment. Proteins may be synthesized de novo in response to salt stress or may be present constitutively at low concentration and increase when plants are exposed to salt stress (Pareek et al., 1997). In the present study, both salt stress and NaCl seed priming caused an increase in shoot protein. However, this effect was more in plant derived from primed seed than plant derived from control seed. While working with wheat, Al-Hakimi and Hamada (2001) found that seed priming with ascorbic acid counteracted adverse effects of salt stress by increasing leaf soluble proteins, which protect the membrane and membrane bound enzymes (Jeng and Sung, 1994). Thus, increased in leaf protein due to seed priming was one of the reasons that contributed in improved growth of safflower under saline conditions. Conclusions In conclusion, this study showed that salt stress decrease safflower growth but NaCl priming helps plants to decrease salt stress injury. Seed priming has positive effects on plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights of safflower. Chlorophylls, proline and proteins concentrations were accumulated in plants derived from primed seeds. It has been suggested that a higher concentration of those biochemical attributes could increase tolerance of safflower plants derived from primed seeds to environmental stresses such as salinity. Therefore, NaCl seed priming could be used as presowing treatment to improve agronomic performance of safflower under saline conditions. References Afria BS, Nathawat NS, Yadav ML. 1998. Effect of cycocel and saline irrigation of physiological attributes, yield and its components in different varieties of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 3(1): 46-48. Al-Hakimi AMA, Hamada AM. 2001. 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Effect of NaCl on stomatal resistance and proline chlorophyll, NaCl and K concentrations of lentil plants. Journal of Agronomy, 6: 378-381. Yu Lei MK, Shaozheng L. 2000. Research on salt tolerance of some tree species on muddy seashore of north China. In International seminar on “Prospects for saline agriculture”. April 10-12, 2000, Islamabad (Pakistan). Manuscript profile -
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Open Access Article
1685 - Comparative Studying of Two Fictional Elements in the narratives of " Zal and Rudabeh " with " Romeo and Juliet "
Akram Nadiri Kiwi Nahid Ja'fariAbstract One of the traits of the story which has significant role in the writing scheme, coherence, and its development, is characterization and plot; because the writer should know how and with what language and function to MoreAbstract One of the traits of the story which has significant role in the writing scheme, coherence, and its development, is characterization and plot; because the writer should know how and with what language and function to create a character and give him/her the suitable rank and role and untie the puzzles which have been emerged during the events. In the oriental and occidental language and literature, the reason that poetry and prose works appeal the literary men is that they not only are indebted to the attractiveness of these individuals and heroes of this kind of story but also are the reasons of personal interference and the language and thought of its creator. This research has been done in bibliographical method and in descriptive – analytical style to investigate the effective elements in creating plot and characterization of the two significant factors in the two narratives of " Zal and Rudabeh " and " Romeo and Juliet ". The result of the comparison of the two stories are very similar to each other and the different frequencies of the types of personality are close to each other, except two clear differences which appear in the number of symbolic and simple characters, in the view point of story plot in both narratives. One can distinguish five ties that in the beginning both explain contradicting families which bring about different hindrances but at the end one attains joy and unity while the other ends in sorrow and death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1686 - The Pathology of the Application of Eloquence in the Child's Poetry ( in the decades of 70 to 90 )
Afsaneh Moosavi Garmaroodi Ahmad Khatami Maryam JalaliAbstract This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the freq MoreAbstract This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the frequency and abundance of the usage of rhetorics have been posed and later its correct and incorrect methods have been offered. We have also presented samples of current eloquent problems in the child poetry together with its most frequent applications; then we've compared suitable and unsuitable patterns in it. Based on this research, the method and application of types and eloquence science, with regarding to the vocabulary and the child's understanding and what interferes the frequency of the poem have been dealt with. The basis of this research is on the eloquence theories and fundamentals which have been written in the elementary research. The library method of this paper is on its statistical society and its consequences and the results attained are of the rare researches in this domain and offers the procedures for the use of the poets in composing the child poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1687 - The Reflection of Magic – Realism in the " Haft Khan" of Rostam
Zahra Ghodsi Batool Fakhre Islam Mahdi Nowrooz Akbar Sha'baniAbstract Although the magic realism is considered a modern style in story-writing, it has one thousand years of background and has well-established in our literary works. There is no doubt that the extensive treasure of mythol MoreAbstract Although the magic realism is considered a modern style in story-writing, it has one thousand years of background and has well-established in our literary works. There is no doubt that the extensive treasure of mythology that is reflected in magic-evasive content of the Shahnameh can have a great share in proving this matter. Ferdowsi is a realist who by taking advantage of this magic realistic themes has created the fables such as Haft Khan. He includes the reality of his present day in an ultra logic bed of the accidents to open a door of knowledge to his readers. We are to deal with the themes of magic realism in a descriptive-analytical method, and conclude that magic reflects a vast spectrum of ancient beliefs in the fables of the Haft Khan. At the same time it talks about the facts that is called insurgence in the hard trials of life. So, we try, by exploring the magic realistic themes, in the Haft Khan to find how this tie is taking place , what seems clear, is that the Haft khan has its roots in the seven ceremonies of Mehr. Therefore, utilizing the elements of fantasy, this epic work seems fabulous, and this specific quality focuses on its magical realism. The whole fables of the Haft Khan are the reflection of Jung's thoughts. The last point, in the process of the story, emphasizes on the political wisdom of ancient Iran in which the king is a basic column in people's lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1688 - The Mythology of Fertility and Mythical Allusions in The Kaleidar
Arash Moshfaghi Habib Hassan NejadAbstract The pattern of fertility is of repetitive and basic one in the world of mythology which narrates the story of godlady of mermaid 's( love and fertility )in the plantgod followed by its death and rebirth. G MoreAbstract The pattern of fertility is of repetitive and basic one in the world of mythology which narrates the story of godlady of mermaid 's( love and fertility )in the plantgod followed by its death and rebirth. George Frazer believes that this common pattern which is the incarnation of plant growth in spring and its droopiness in the drought of summer and rebirth again in different ways become brilliant in the mythological and epic texts. " The Kaleidar " , the epic and love novel of Mahmood Dowlatabadi is one of the best literary novels that talks about the fertility of myth based on four elements of rebellion , death, fertility and rebirth. The eternal characteristics of The Kaleidar like the mythical – epics heroes of Orisis, Alis, and Siawash challenge the cruel gods and knowingly encounter death and survive once more and revolutionizes the society's thoughts and provoke uprising of the people. Furthermore, the writer of this work has pointed out to the sacrifice's myth which manifests itself in the archetypal form of filicide, fratricide , and the youth killing. He's also dealt with the opposition of goodness and evil or dualism which are the most important characteristics of Persian mythology and has utilized the mythological stance of well which has an ancient precedence to suit the modern novel in the present day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1689 - A Comparative Study of the Novel " The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange " and " The Memories of the Body " Based on Jacques Lacan's Theory
Faezeh Arab Yussef Abadi Tayyebeh Koochek Zehi Sorayya Issa ZaeeAbstract The novels: The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange by Reza Kazemi and The Memories of Body by Ahlam Mostagnami, although incongruous in form, are fundamentally interrelated, as evinced in shares views of bot MoreAbstract The novels: The Smell of Gunpowder and Scent of Orange by Reza Kazemi and The Memories of Body by Ahlam Mostagnami, although incongruous in form, are fundamentally interrelated, as evinced in shares views of both authors in mixing love and saga. The aim of this research is to draw a comparison between these two works in an attempt to portray the unity of contemporary human demands and the consistency of life issues in the present era. To this purpose, a descriptive analytical method along with library method have been adopted. The objective of the present research is to explore the main characters of these two novels from a psychoanalytical perspective based on American school of comparative literature and Jacqueline Lacan's three psychoanalytic orders. The results suggest that the process of emotional development of the main character in both works follows three stages. The imaginary stage starts in the pre-war era, which is manifested in the form of love for mother and maternal archetype of the motherland that are interwoven. Following the war and martyrdom of the loved ones, they are brought into symbolic stage. In adulthood, these issues arouse a feeling of loss and endless desire, which is partially healed by displaying love to a woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1690 - Izad Bahram from Religious Narrative to National Epic ( The Case study of the Avesta and the Shahnameh )
Ziba EsmailiAbstract zad Bahram, a great and powerful Izad in Mazd Yasna is the ancient and most loved Izad among the Arians who is manifested in ten bodies in the Avesta. Although it has profound presence in religious narratives an MoreAbstract zad Bahram, a great and powerful Izad in Mazd Yasna is the ancient and most loved Izad among the Arians who is manifested in ten bodies in the Avesta. Although it has profound presence in religious narratives and public acceptance among people, it doesn't have sensible appearance in national epics. It has been tried, in this article – in a descriptive-analytic method, to deal with the matter how Izad Bahram appears in religious narratives ( based on the Avesta ) and national narratives ( based on the Ferdowsi epics ) . The results of the survey show that Izad Bahram manifests itself in the body of an ewe and the bird of varghan. Because of the mixture of varghan and the Simorgh myth in the Shahnameh, the latter replaces the former in that book. The specific characteristics of the varghan feather in which Izad Bahram has reincarnated, is its blessedness and wonderful power in healing the wounds, prognostigation of being aware of the secrets of creation in relation to Izadi stance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1691 - Studying the Conceptual Contrast in Maulana's Mathnavi ( relying on external and internal senses ) Based on the Anthropological Theory of Claude Levi-Strauss
Robabeh Abbasi Sahebi Hossein Mansoorian Sorkhgarieh Reza Forsati jooybariAbstract The bipolar and the contrasting theory of structure has been affected from constructional theory and Claude Levi-Strauss is the most significant theorist of this domain who by the analysis of the corners and dimensions of man's e MoreAbstract The bipolar and the contrasting theory of structure has been affected from constructional theory and Claude Levi-Strauss is the most significant theorist of this domain who by the analysis of the corners and dimensions of man's existence confronts the surrounding world. He believes that the structure of human mind, to understand the phenomena, puts every continuum in the dual opposite poles and this comprehensive mental action, ultimately, leads to dual contrasting. This approach is also seen in our mystical literary tenets. Since Maulana himself is a the founders of Islamic mysticism, his Mathnavi is a very valuable resource to talk about the mystical teachings which are overfilled with contrasting relations of apparent and internal senses together with allegorical language in the mold of fiction and by analyzing them one can illustrate Maulana's ideas in the field of anthropology. In this research, by descriptive-analytic method, and dual relations of Levi-Strauss, contrasting senses of external and internal ideas in the Mathnavi of Maulana as two opposing interactions, which have impact on each other have been studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1692 - The Caliphs' Social Stipulations to the Literati and the Infiltration of Farsi Words ( The first period of the Abbasid dynasty )
Saeed Hamidi Mahboob MahdavianAbstract The egression of Islamic civilization from the Arabic cradle and its familiarity with the neighbors made the Islamic boundaries ready to mix with other cultures, and the Iran-biased policy and adorned the first period MoreAbstract The egression of Islamic civilization from the Arabic cradle and its familiarity with the neighbors made the Islamic boundaries ready to mix with other cultures, and the Iran-biased policy and adorned the first period of the Abbasid era with Persian terms. Although in this literary innovation the transcribers and translators had also taken part, the literary men, following the ancient elements, endowed a new life to it by their exquisite writings. The present research is , by alluding to the caliphs' social stipulations in acceptance of the Persian vocabulary, to deal with their utility in paying attention to the ancient concepts and reflection of Iranian symbols. The result of the research indicates that using the Farsi words has been fulfilled by the purpose of retaliation to the cultural vacuum in the caliphate and the necessity of retaining the civilization themes which were transferred along with the rich traditions of the lowest common denominator wisdom. It also indicates the terms which have been selected with the nature of urbanization and with the will of the literary men and the enthusiasm of the poets, the lack of the native element couldn't affect their stability inside the boundaries of the Arabic territory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1693 - Aesthetic Pathology of Modern Poetry
Fatemeh Heidari Arash MoshfaghiAbstract Modern poetry has evolved in its field of content and conceptual approaches along with its form and has eventually ended in the highlight of poetry. These highlightings are innovations for some scholars and damages for the others. Without over a thousand year MoreAbstract Modern poetry has evolved in its field of content and conceptual approaches along with its form and has eventually ended in the highlight of poetry. These highlightings are innovations for some scholars and damages for the others. Without over a thousand year historical and artistic background or Persian literature, has modern poetry been affected and therefore suffers several defects that could be put into categories of form and content. The present study aims to investigate the defects of form and content in the areas of vocabulary, colloquial language, semantic, syntax, contents etc. all of which are discussed as far as possible, through examples from poems written by Nima Yooshij, Mehdi Akhavan Sales, Sohrab Sepehri, Ahmad Shamloo, Forough Farrokhzad, Tehereh Saffar Zadeh etc. So that the roots and origins of these qualitative and quantitative weaknesses from the point of view of aesthetic pathology be clarified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1694 - Studying of Epic Characteristic of Jarira , with an Approach to the Theory of Intera-texualism ( Based on the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, Pre-Islamic Texts and the texts of Islamic Era )
Fatemeh Haji Rahimi Kianoosh BiranvandAbstract Comprehending any story requires information about its present and past resources. Knowing and better understanding the stories of the Shahnameh won't be possible unless one knows the pre-texts and their relationship MoreAbstract Comprehending any story requires information about its present and past resources. Knowing and better understanding the stories of the Shahnameh won't be possible unless one knows the pre-texts and their relationship to each other. The present research which has been done through qualitative method and by descriptive-analytic approach, deals with the fable of Jarira and the narrative related to it in the Shahnameh. The research is based on the theory which in the stage of transferring the mythological characters to the world of epic, the grand goddess of water and land and fairies ( pari ) in the ancient times lose their characteristics by factors such as the transposition of the myths and fading paradisical color and take the form of Jarira in epic. In these surveys which have been done according to historical evidences, it has been tried to prove that it was these narrators and musicians of the courts of Partians and Kushanians who in the era concurrent with the formulation of epic, in re-narrating the qualities and manners of this ancient mythological character have imposed the desired patriarchal society in regard to humiliating ideas about the women. The traits such as her lower personality in the Shahnameh, her beauty, extra humanistic actions and her love affairs, her reproductivity and ultimately her disappearance organize these tenets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1695 - Tradition of Gala Ceremony in Nezami's Eskandarnameh
Jilla Serati Mahdieh AhmadpourAbstract Nezami's Eskandarnameh is of great importance from presenting different traditions and customs. The aim of this investigation is to proceed on one of the most significant traditions of that time i. e. celebration. Nez MoreAbstract Nezami's Eskandarnameh is of great importance from presenting different traditions and customs. The aim of this investigation is to proceed on one of the most significant traditions of that time i. e. celebration. Nezami, in his Sharafnameh, in some cases, presents some customs and traditions related to gala ceremonies of Iranian of that time and in some cases those of other lands with subtle language. In Egbalnameh, the wisest discussions go on between Eskandar and other wise men such as Socrates and Aristotle to purify the treasure of speech. Only in some limited cases, Nezami proceeds on some cases of celebration and hilarities briefly and concisely. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1696 - Studying the Stories of " The Makhzanol Asrar " from Nezami Ganjavi with Incipient Structural Critical Approach by Lucien Goldmann
Fatemeh Hajati Bardmili Ziba EsmailiAbstract Lucien Goldmann introduces every literary work as a meaningful structure which is under the impact of its socio-economic problems in its own time. The true creator of a work is not an individual but the representative MoreAbstract Lucien Goldmann introduces every literary work as a meaningful structure which is under the impact of its socio-economic problems in its own time. The true creator of a work is not an individual but the representative of the social group which the creator is one of its creative member. The Makhzanol Asrar has three distinct parts, each of which has meaningful structure. This research studies the current problems of its time with library method and descriptive-analytic approach about Nezami's military stance on the contemporary problems.To attain this aim, we initially explain the fundamental implications of incipient criticism of Lucien Goldmann, later on the stories which are investigable are selected and in two-level process they are explained; that's, having grasped the internal structure of each story, the generality of the work together with the comprehensive foundations of the time of composing are connected with each other and adducing to the historical resources the results of the studies showed that the view point of mystic-protesting of social groups of military was deviated from the fundamental social reality of its time and chaotic situation from the feudalism in Iran in the era of the Saljuques ( injustice, cruelty, massacre , plunder and leading the policy toward religion ) has encompassed the soul of the stories of the Makhzanol Asrar like a halo. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1697 - Iran, the Cultural and Literary Intermediary of Islam and India
Mohammad Bagher Zeinali Alli AelhamiAbstract Since the ancient times, Iran and India had many common characteristics which led Iran to be the cultural connector with India after Islam. Most of the conquerors of India were from Pars land and some of them settled MoreAbstract Since the ancient times, Iran and India had many common characteristics which led Iran to be the cultural connector with India after Islam. Most of the conquerors of India were from Pars land and some of them settled in the barracks. Since Pahlavi language and the Sanskrit had a lot of similarities and there were some 800 dialects and languages in India, people chose Farsi as their common language which caused the propagation of Islamic teachings in India. In this case, Iranians' merchants, sufis and Zoroastrian immigrants played significant roles. These preliminaries prepared a background for the formation of Iranian and Gurkanian governments which were the promoters of Persian language and literature. Gradually a civilization was established which consisted of Islam, India and major differences with mere civilization of Islam and Iran. Later, by entering of Iranian settlers, the central point , a combined civilization of Islamic-Iranian governments were formed in India. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1698 - Conceptual Studying and Analyzing of Irony in the " Rozeh of Khold " from Majd Khafi
Mina Taymuri Khosrowshahi Jalil Amirpour Dariani Nasser NasseriAbstract Satire and satirizing is one of the artistic and effective methods and is of the critical and social subdivisions of literature which is used to protest the abnormalities of the society in different ways. The Rozeh of MoreAbstract Satire and satirizing is one of the artistic and effective methods and is of the critical and social subdivisions of literature which is used to protest the abnormalities of the society in different ways. The Rozeh of Khold is a book which has been written in imitation of The Golestan of Sa'di which sometimes has transferred its didactic teachings to its readers. We have tried, in this essay, by an analytic-descriptive approach, to study the satires in this book. Majd Khafi has been able to use the satiric tools such as sarcasm, allusion, ridicule, inversion, simulation of man as animal, pretension to stupidity, to use his critical tenets in the cultural, social, political, religious, didactic and ethical mold which are dominant in satirical stories. His language is simple and far from harshness. It must be said that satire in his speech is conceptually understandable; because he has tried to use fewer words and pay attention mostly to the rhetorical functions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1699 - Studying the Spiritual Rhetoric Arrays in Khaksar Abhari's Poetical works Based on his Kohneh Kharabat ( desolated tavern ) Book
Hassan Rajbi Mohammad Gholam Rezaei Tooraj Aghdaei Nozhat NoohiAbstract Rhetoric is one of the main branches of eloquence which deals with the praised aspects of verbalization. We have precisely investigated, in this article, the spiritual rhetoric figure of speech used in Khaksar Abhari' MoreAbstract Rhetoric is one of the main branches of eloquence which deals with the praised aspects of verbalization. We have precisely investigated, in this article, the spiritual rhetoric figure of speech used in Khaksar Abhari's poetry, based on his collection of poetry – The Desolated Tavern ( Kohneh Kharabat ). Later, we've regulated the spiritual rhetoric arrays based on the most frequency by giving samples and come to relative conclusion. The findings of this research show that in the sphere of spiritual rhetoric, observing the examplar, contradiction, allusion and guarantee have the most frequency. The other usage of spiritual rhetoric is very rare, the usage of spiritual arrays are more than verbal arrays. Totally, the most significant traits of Khaksar's odes, besides the eloquence and rhetoric and coherence and innovation is that he used several figures of speech in most of his verses. The aim of this research is to assign and choose the samples of spiritual rhetoric arrays in his poetry through the utilization of valid Persian rhetoric books based on " The Desolated Tavern ". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1700 - Countenance of Lover and Beloved in the Diwan ( book of poetry ) of Naziri Nishaboori
Mohammad Amin Ehsani Estahbanati Ali Asghar Yari EstahbanatiAbstract Description of love and explanation of the spiritual conditions of lover and beloved in the literature has special and widespread manifestation. The high frequency of topics on love and literature and culture of nations proves this matter. In the Persian liter MoreAbstract Description of love and explanation of the spiritual conditions of lover and beloved in the literature has special and widespread manifestation. The high frequency of topics on love and literature and culture of nations proves this matter. In the Persian literature, expounding of love, whether in numerous abstract love or in mystical heritage, divine love of man to love God or God's love to human being are of the most exquisite and luminous gems of man's thought. At this time, the Indian style, especially Naziri Nishaboori's poetry because of taking advantage of this style, has notable stance. Naziri's lyrics express his internal conditions of mind and are so exquisite that they appeal any listener even if he/she is tasteless. In this research the love and love circumstances are scanned in brevity. This paper has been written in descriptive – analytic method and the findings show that Naziri Nishaboori had special attention to the matter of love and utilized from Araghy style as a previous tradition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1701 - The Significance of Erudition and Awareness Among the Men of Culture and History in the Kalileh and Demneh with the Emphasis on Cultural Assets
Vahid Amiri Yassi Kand Ali Dehghan Hamid Reza farziAbstract One of the fundamental factors in envisaged cultural resources is the rate of the people's willingness in scientific problems. From the cultural resources of view, approaching to knowledge, extension of awareness and MoreAbstract One of the fundamental factors in envisaged cultural resources is the rate of the people's willingness in scientific problems. From the cultural resources of view, approaching to knowledge, extension of awareness and endeavor to promote the level of knowledge and the acquisition of science are of the components which show the tendency of people to accumulate cultural assets. Based the theoretical approaches of cultural resource, Pierre Bourdieu, the most common cultural approaches written in the Kalileh and Demneh, the men's tendency to science and knowledge and their emphasis on erudition about which we are discussing in this paper. The collection of information was on the library method and the surveying was of the kind of the qualitative and analytic study of the theme. The results of the research indicate that the tendency of the acquisition of the wisdom and knowledge and the necessity of learning in increasing knowledge is one of the most significant indexes. Of the outstanding samples was eagerness of Kasra Anushervan, the Sassanid king to acquire the science. In most historical sources, Anushervan was introduced as a cultural man, and the Kalileh and Demneh was transferred to Iran by his struggle. That's why the importance of science and knowledge, in him, is a manifestation of cultural asset. We can also allude to the science stance among the scholars such as Borzuyeh Tabib, Ibne Mogaffa, and Nasrollah Monshi which originated from the accumulation cultural assets and derived from their cultural approach and excellent speculation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1702 - Studying the Role of Warning Fantasies in Gaining the Identity and Critical Thinkingof Children with Emphasis on Bruno Bettelheim 's Ideas
Sayed Fahimah Ghayyum Nia Bijan Zahiri Nav Mohammad Reza Shad ManamanAbstract The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's e MoreAbstract The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's existence; that's, his own identity and the others in the layers of narrative story. We have investigated, in this article, the methods of finding the identity, critical thinking, and the recognition of oneself and the other in an analytic – descriptive way. We have concentrated on " children need the story " from Bruno Bettelheim to attain a better perception of the child and juvenile's mentality and mental structure. Our investigation showed that most studied fantasy stories emphasize on the preservation of the environment, altruism, finding identity as speculation. The writers of these works enumerate the difficulties and disasters of the story characters to their readers in an indirect way; and without pretending being teachers. They transfer their recommendations in a fantasy mold to their readers. On the other hand, the most significant type of thinking is the instructive thinking. The most important restitution of this kind of thinking is creativity which is an important phenomenon and valuable in the child development and must have a special stance in the life of a child. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1703 - Types of Allegory in Persian Literature
Sardar BafekrAbstract Allegory is the most important and prolific literary skills in the didactic and Indian style. The base of this art lies on simile in which the poet or the writer likens a matter to a simpler one to prove it or uses an MoreAbstract Allegory is the most important and prolific literary skills in the didactic and Indian style. The base of this art lies on simile in which the poet or the writer likens a matter to a simpler one to prove it or uses an ordinary example to transfer his ideas to the reader. Using this method in the didactic literature has flavored and strengthened the ethic maxims and doubled its attraction. Allegorical stories are frequent in didactic literary works but in Indian style the frequency of equation is more prevalent than other types of allegory. Having elaborated the numerous types of allegory, we will bring samples for each of them from important works of Persian literature and criticize their strengths and weaknesses. The type of research is based on the ability of literary arrays in the important didactic and Indian style and consider the view points of clear-sighted authorities. The ultimate conclusion of this article is that using the different types of allegory is the main and essence of didactic literature and Indian style are also of the mysteries the beauty of language and its impact on the readers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1704 - Comparative Studying of Thematic Metaphors in the Sphere of " color " in Ali Mohammad Afghani and Kazuo Ishi Guro's Works
Sanaz Taghi pouri Hajebi Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Parvaneh AdelZadehAbstract The present research has been written to study and compare the thematic metaphors in the sphere of color in Afghai and Ishi Guro's ( Nobel Prize Winner in Literature – 2017) works. Introduction of destination do MoreAbstract The present research has been written to study and compare the thematic metaphors in the sphere of color in Afghai and Ishi Guro's ( Nobel Prize Winner in Literature – 2017) works. Introduction of destination domains, the frequency of noun-scripts and description of similarities and metaphorical differences have been written in the sphere of " color ". The research method is descriptive-analytic and its data are based on semantic approach and analyzed in the frame of theoretical beliefs of George Lakoff and Johnson ( 1980 ). The analysis of 48 samples of thematic metaphor " color " with the destination spheres of idea, luck, disease, fear, anger, beauty, joy, shyness, love, sadness and desire indicate that frequency of noun-script " sordidness of color " is much in both writers. The similarities commonly originate from activities, experiences and the joint ideas of the two writers in application of color. The discrepancies are related to their cultural, different ideology, social texture and geographical circumstances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1705 - An Investigation on Halliday's Experimental Ultra-function in Some Chapters of The Qabus Nameh
Mana Akhlagh Abbas Ali VafaeiAbstract This paper is to discuss the well-known British linguist Michael Halliday's theory on the two concepts of order and function related to the three parts of experimental, individual and textual matters in the Qabus Name MoreAbstract This paper is to discuss the well-known British linguist Michael Halliday's theory on the two concepts of order and function related to the three parts of experimental, individual and textual matters in the Qabus Nameh. Functional theory has a cognitive approach towards meanings, interpretations and experience. In functional grammar, language can have diverse usages; therefore, one can investigate various linguistics and verbal phenomena. This research aims at studying the rational, material, behavioral, verbal and existential processes in the function of the language, and it is based on the speeches and didactic sentences existing in the text of The Qabus Nameh.The study also attempts to prove that Keikavus employed these rational processes in educating his own son due to its multiple application of noun phrases and linking verbs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1706 - Study of the Symptomology of Bipolar Disorders (Manic-Depressive) in Forough Farrokhzad's Poems
Arash MoshfaghiAbstractWith a profound look at the literary works of poets and literary writers, one can see the growth and development of literature and psychology. Since, every created work is not outside the world of psychology. Because the inner psychological states of the c MoreAbstractWith a profound look at the literary works of poets and literary writers, one can see the growth and development of literature and psychology. Since, every created work is not outside the world of psychology. Because the inner psychological states of the creator of the work shadow on the created work, and in fact, the literary work expresses the conscious and unconscious inner psychological dynamics of the author. One of these common situations in the individuals, especially in the poets, can be depressed mood which leads to "depression". Depression disorder, which is placed in the inside of mood disorders class, in its full form, has several types that one of its types is bipolar disorder (Manic-Depressive). The aim of the present study was to examine the poems of Forough Farrokhzad, known as Pari Shahdokht of contemporary poetry, based on the semiotics of bipolar disorder (Manic-Depressive). For this purpose, the analytical method of poetry of the poet was used. According to the results, it seems that the existence of two essential drives of life and death in Forough's poems is impressive. The poet has been able to place two opposite and contradictory sources in her poems with artistic techniques, all of which emanate from inner psychological states full of contrasts and contradictions of human. The main factor of these states can be attributed to the failures, frustrations, and backwardness of social knowledge and ... of any human being which is very prominent in the poems of this poet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1707 - Studying the Mythological Elements in the Lyric Works of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi
Parisa Gholamzadeh Nikjou Ayyub Kooshan Rostam AmaniAbstract The mythological and epical elements have so rooted in the Persian literature that they have even been reflected in the lyric and mystical works. The existence of these elements In lyric poetry is the topic of our discussion in this essay. Our aim is to ex MoreAbstract The mythological and epical elements have so rooted in the Persian literature that they have even been reflected in the lyric and mystical works. The existence of these elements In lyric poetry is the topic of our discussion in this essay. Our aim is to excavate and explain the reflected mythological elements in Amir Khosrow Dehlavi's lyric works. We want to show those unstudied elements in his poetry. The background of this research are : the reflection of rites in Dehlavi's diwan studying the elements of public culture and the related miracle in it. The research has been done in descriptive-analytic method plus logical reasoning. The procedure is to find distiches linked with the title and their documentation and analyzing each of them. The total reasons attained are :mythological and epic elements in Persian lyric works which have been reflected in Dehlavi's poetry from which the most prolific reflected elements are the water of animal, Majnoon, Yoosef, Eskandar, Khezr prophet, Nowrooz ; and the least prolific ones are mythological and epical elements as Simorgh, Zal Zar, Yaghoob Rostam and Dara. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1708 - The Qur'anic Intratextuality in Two Types of Revelatory and Allusive in The Magamate Hamidi Based on The Theory of Genette
Abbas Soltanpour Hamid Reza farzi Ali DehqanAbstract Although Julia Kristeva was the creator of intratextulity term, other theorists, in continuation of her tenets, with the same or different origins, have dealt with the presence of one text in other texts. Gerard Genner's approach, opposite to Kristeva's and in MoreAbstract Although Julia Kristeva was the creator of intratextulity term, other theorists, in continuation of her tenets, with the same or different origins, have dealt with the presence of one text in other texts. Gerard Genner's approach, opposite to Kristeva's and in different front, by affecting and being affected, have been chosen as the theoretical basis of this research to study two kinds of non-verbal affectability in the Magamate Hamidi from the Holy Qur'an. We have tried, in this abstract, to produce the spiritual aspects of the Qur'anic intratextuality ( revelatory and allusive ) in the aforementioned book. In the revelatory intratextuality, we will discover the origins of implications and the encouragement of the author to take advantage of it; in allusive intratextuality, on the other hand, we are led by the allusive terms to the meanings and extensive Qur'anic knowledge. The statement " those who possess righteousness and axiom, don't die " indicates the revelation of the author from the verse of martyrdom, and allusion to two key words in maxims of Loghman Hakim, associates Loghman's advices to his son. The text of the Magamate Hamidi has been thoroughly studied and scrutinized here and the aspects of the author's affectability for the Holy Qur'an and its frequency have been specified. Finally with the comparison of the frequency of these intratextualities , it was revealed that revelatory intratextuality with the considerable function has played role more than allusive intratextuality. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and the atmosphere of the activity is bibliotic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1709 - Comparative Studying and Analyzing of Sadegh Hedayat's Dash Akol with Maxim Gorki's Chelkash
Sakineh Gholampour Dahaki Ehteram RezaeiAbstract " Dash Akol " one of the most significant stories of Sadegh Hedayat, is of the distinguished samples of Iranian contemporary literature. This research, by reading the stories of Dash Akol and the Chelkash deals with t MoreAbstract " Dash Akol " one of the most significant stories of Sadegh Hedayat, is of the distinguished samples of Iranian contemporary literature. This research, by reading the stories of Dash Akol and the Chelkash deals with the surveying of their similarities and dissimilarities in the field of characterization and structure and the similarity of the two thought frequencies ( benevolence, devil and generosity ) in an analytical and descriptive way. Generally, the similarities of the two stories can be attributed to the human spirit and the historical constraints and the accidence and repeatedly entrance; its dissimilarity lies in the difference in culture and social aspects. In fact, these two writers are resultant of their own period in which they have manifested themselves. The results of this research indicates that Gorki is one of the writers whose effects have penetrated deeply in Persian stories and has influenced the Iranian writers, whether directly or indirectly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1710 - Examining the Mythical Stance of " violet flower " in The Vays and Ramin Based on Greek Mythology
Masoomeh Nazari Ayyub Kooshan Mahin MasarratAbstract Flowers and plants have manifested the unconscious mysteries of most nations and civilizations symbolically. They are natural symbols which have been considered holy and spiritual since the ancient times. Indeed, flow MoreAbstract Flowers and plants have manifested the unconscious mysteries of most nations and civilizations symbolically. They are natural symbols which have been considered holy and spiritual since the ancient times. Indeed, flowers were introduced mostly as an archetype of soul and a spiritual focus depicting inner states and unspoken emotions of humans. One of these mysterious fl₥owers is violet that is manipulated by god of love in Greek mythology. This research aims at examining the mythical stance of violet in the poetry of Vays and Ramin which at the same time the symbol of love and loyalty. We want to investigate the mythical place of violet and respond to this question : from what myth has the implication been originated ? The research method is descriptive-analytic , that's, the symbolic stance of violet has been studied first then its application in the Vays and Ramin has been investigated. On the whole it can be said that the impact of Greek myths on Iranian literature especially in Parthian period cannot be overlooked. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1711 - Studying the Symbols and Rites of Familiarization in the Versified Story of the " Banu Ghoshasb Nameh "
Nasim Parizadeh Hamid Reza farzi Rostam Amani Astmal Abstract Familiarization (initiating, being honored, passage, apprentice, and servitude) are the rites and ceremonies which are accomplished to make changes and transformation in the life of an individual and is interp More Abstract Familiarization (initiating, being honored, passage, apprentice, and servitude) are the rites and ceremonies which are accomplished to make changes and transformation in the life of an individual and is interpreted as death (eliminating the ignorance and profanity of childhood) and rebirth (the soul and life transcendence). This is in regard to the belief of some researchers including "Mircha Eliadeh" who consider the myths and fairy tales initiated from the familiarization and other transient rites or the symbolic expressions of those ceremonies. The story of "Banu Ghoshasb Nameh", as an epic and myth has been investigated in this article. We assume that this story reveals the rites and ceremonies of familiarization (initiating) in itself. Based on the mentioned ideas and through the thematic analysis of the story, the adaptability of this story, together with the familiarization has been proved; all the components and the levels of familiarization such as seclusion, separation, taking the new learner to the woods ( desert ) and hard test can be observed in that story. Besides these symbolic elements, there are other archetypes in the text which have been analyzed in relation to the main theme of familiarization. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1712 - Abstract The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of literary mystical works in which the Sufi implications have been enthusiastically talked about. Shabestari has composed this mathnawi in answer to Amir Hossein Heravi's questions. The versified story of " The Golshan Raz
Hamid Adalat Far Seyyed Mohsen Sajedi Rad Mohammad Ali Atash SowdaAbstract The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of lite MoreAbstract The mathnawi of Golshan Raz is the most well-known versified work of Sheikh Mahmood Shabestari which encompasses his mystical thoughts. Though not so voluminous, this book is one of the most valuable monuments of literary mystical works in which the Sufi implications have been enthusiastically talked about. Shabestari has composed this mathnawi in answer to Amir Hossein Heravi's questions. The versified story of " The Golshan Raz " has the beauty of expression; it is more based on wisdom than imagery. In fact the content of this book is in short about the conquer of Mecca and some narratives from Ibn Arabi. The extension of Shabestari's familiarity in the Qur'an and traditions was so high that he uses them in the mold of allusion and simile in expressing the secrets of mysticism to prove his tenets. This article which is written in descriptive-analytic method, tries to demonstrate the impact of eloquence and its affectability in taking advantage of The Holy Qur'an and traditions. The distiches used here have been taken from the book written by Kazem Dezfulian and the numbers are applied according to the number of the page and the lines of the poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1713 - Studying the Conceptual Metaphor of " wine " in the Literature of Ancient schools of Iran
Nasrin Jabbar Khalaji Bonab Nasrin Jabbar Khalaji Bonab Arash MoshfaghiAbstract The basic topical metaphor in the study of linguistics is an instrument for contemplation and understanding the abstract implications. Of the achievement of linguistics cognition is the discovery of this fact that lan MoreAbstract The basic topical metaphor in the study of linguistics is an instrument for contemplation and understanding the abstract implications. Of the achievement of linguistics cognition is the discovery of this fact that languages often use the thematical metaphors to mark the abstract implications concrete. The conceptual metaphors explain the target sphere which is concrete. In " the literature of old schools " which includes the important part of folk literature, " wine " has extensive meaning realm and precedes the wine extracted from grapes and finds abstract meaning. The purpose of this research which has been done by library studies is to be familiar with the metaphorical and allusive meaning of wine in Iranian ancient schools. Therefore the poetic and prose works of old schools , by usage of linguistic ideas such as George Lakoff and Mark Johnson were studied and 19 metaphoric points, in the domain of wine, were extracted which are: forgiveness, unconsciousness, drunkness, helper, medicine of mind, love, great men, cleaner, dance and singing, pillager, intelligence, being strong, infamy, and sanctity. The presence of a kind of unity and relative harmony in the semantic domain of the explicit trait of these thoughts and the imagination of love wine in the basic corollary of the text has reflected the metaphoric mentality of bibulousness in lyric and romantic texts of old Persian schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1714 - The Sociological Study of the Novel " Tooba and the Meaning of the Night" from Shahr Noosh Parsi Pour
Zeinab Rahmanian leila adlparvar Kamran Pashaee FakhriAbstract Generally speaking, the contemporary Persian women story-writers have always focused on the two problems in their social novels: the first one is the identical and critical challenges which the individual , in a tradi MoreAbstract Generally speaking, the contemporary Persian women story-writers have always focused on the two problems in their social novels: the first one is the identical and critical challenges which the individual , in a traditional society, is traversing; and the second one is utilizing the techniques, literature of the new forms of narration to create ultimately complicate and literal work. Since " The Sovoushoun " novel from Simin Daneshvar, the contemporary women novelists, by creating women heroes and even sometimes anti-heroes, have challenged the whole traditional crises of Iran which usually presages the chaotic society of the writer. Of the writers who pay attention to the social crises in one hand and the magic realistic methods on the other, is Shahr Noosh Parsipour. Although most of her works have not been published in Iran, they have found their place among the medium book-readers. By descriptive analytic method, we have tried, in this article, by centralizing on the riot against the crises and social vacuity, to study an analyze the sociological points in this novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1715 - The Study of the Components of Worship and its Obstacles in the Poems of Qaisar Aminpour
Karamali Akbari Akbar Sha'baniAbstract One of the main tendencies of contemporary poetry is the religious approach. Meanwhile, it can be mentioned from Qaisar Aminpour that he made innovations in form and content, and gave life to this part of contemporary MoreAbstract One of the main tendencies of contemporary poetry is the religious approach. Meanwhile, it can be mentioned from Qaisar Aminpour that he made innovations in form and content, and gave life to this part of contemporary Persian poetry. Although he does not pursue a direct line of thought in various poetry books and undergoes material of transformation, he never loses his poetry within the religious context. Love , war , martyrdom , and thoughtfulness are the most important part of Aminpour's poetry that are tied to his beliefs. In addition, the category of " bondage and servitude " is also a special reflection of his poetry. Based on this, in the present article, from the view point of the poet , a descriptive – analytic method of the components of worship and obstruction is proposed. Studies show that these components are in the order of frequency, including " romantic worship " " worship and mercy " " mystic worship " " worship and opening up in works " and " worship and manifestations of nature. " Also, from the point of view of Qaisar Aminpoue, almighty, habituation, pride and self – interest is a hindrance to worship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1716 - Comparative Study of the Components of Magical Realism in the Novels of The Tooba and the Meaning of Night and The Garden of a Thousand Twist Pathways
Behruz Azhari Hamid Reza farzi Ali DehqanAbstract The foundation of " Magical Realism " is built on reality, but the writer of such literary genre, includes so much ultra realistic phenomena in the real texture of the story which it becomes easily believable to the r MoreAbstract The foundation of " Magical Realism " is built on reality, but the writer of such literary genre, includes so much ultra realistic phenomena in the real texture of the story which it becomes easily believable to the reader. We have studied the important elements of magical realism in The Tooba and the meaning of the night from Shahrnoosh Parsipour and a collection of short stories of The Garden of a thousand twists from Jorges Luis Borged. In by analytical and comparative method. The results of the story show that among the components studied, overstatement and exaggeration and alliance and dualism have allocated the most part of share to themselves. And also, by comparing the two articles one finds that quietness and silence have been used more in The Tooba and the Meaning of the Night than The Garden of a Thousand Twist Pathways. At the same time, the texture of dualism and reconciliation and also sarcasm and allusion are more colorful in the garden of pathways from the Parsipour novel; and it seems that the lack of the essence of sarcasm in some parts of it has endangered the believability of the events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1717 - Studying the Inspirations and Auto-suggestions in The Asrarottohid
Azim Mohammad Nejad Ali Ramazani Narges Asghari GhovarAbstract The Asrarottohid is a valuable literary and mystical book and the most important source in social history of Iran from 553 to 599 A. H. by Mahammad ibn Monawar Mihani in three chapters. All of the chapters of this boo MoreAbstract The Asrarottohid is a valuable literary and mystical book and the most important source in social history of Iran from 553 to 599 A. H. by Mahammad ibn Monawar Mihani in three chapters. All of the chapters of this book is about the biography of Sheikh Abu Saeed Abulkhayr. Since it is investigated for the first time, it deserves to be paid much attention. Besides the sensual memory, there are memories in the Asrarottohid and the method of receiving them were audio-visualism. Memories are of four types: divine , angelic , worldly and satanic. Divine is something that alights in the heart directly and leads the mind to general creation. Angelic comes to the mind indirectly and provokes man toward good deed and worship and keeps from mischief and sin. Corporeal comes to mind directly and hinders against sesualism and futile motives. Satanic come indirectly to the mind and leads the man to astray, depending on non-divinity element and not to ask God for help. Divine inspiration sometimes happen indirectly and the other times directly; those which occur indirectly need the instruments which enter the inspirations from the Almighty to man's heart. One of the mediators of inspiration are the angels. The opposite point of inspiration is auto-suggestion which happens through the satanic mind. The research method is descriptive-analytic one. The writers of this essay are to discuss samples of divine inspirations and satanic self-suggestions from the Asrarottohid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1718 - Intertextual Comparative study in Sa'di and Shahriar's Odes, Based on ethical points
Hedayat Naghavi Mahdi Mahoozi Shahin Ojagh AlizadehAbstract Human being has had inherently a bias toward the ethical values from birth till the end of his life; and his personality has been evaluated with those virtues and devil concepts and whoever attains the higher privileg MoreAbstract Human being has had inherently a bias toward the ethical values from birth till the end of his life; and his personality has been evaluated with those virtues and devil concepts and whoever attains the higher privilege in this evaluation, will have lofty stance in the memory of people and near his God. That's why, the prophets, in the long history of the humanity, by inviting them to worship the almighty, relying on the genuine ethical values, have guided people to the development and fulfillment of better life. Intertextual study in poets works is of the most attractive topics of literary criticism. The present essay is a research in which the influence of the virtues and wickedness of Sa'di's odes on Shahriar is studied comparatively and the cases of adaptation and inspiration of Sa'di's lyrics in Shahriar poetry is shown. The similarity of ethical thoughts is the theme of this article which have been shown by concrete examples; Shahriar's verses from the view point of affectability from Sa'di' lyrics through comparative approach deserves studying. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1719 - Comparative Studying of the Relationship Between Love and Elitism in Maulana and Shamloo's Poetry
Masoud Barzegar Jalali Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Parvaneh AdelZadehAbstract This research is a literary and sociological comparison with one of the most important themes of Persian poetry in the past and today's periods of time. We have tried, in this article, to study the course of evolution MoreAbstract This research is a literary and sociological comparison with one of the most important themes of Persian poetry in the past and today's periods of time. We have tried, in this article, to study the course of evolution of love and its relationship with the elitism with emphasis on Maulana and Shamloo's poetry. In this library research, Maulana's ideas have been studied and compared with the contemporary well-known poet Shamloo's. The findings of present article show that the meaning of love and elitism , in the classic and contemporary poetry, are only common terms and the function of the implication of love reflect different themes. The frequencies of love and elitism, the power of ultra love and its impact on elitism, creation of unity in love, the trust of man in God's love; and in Shamloo's poetry , it includes the joy of love in the elite man, truthfulness of man in love, faith etc … . The conclusion of this research is the transformation in the approach to love and elitism that changes simultaneously with the change of the emotion and the manifestation of love and the type of the beloved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1720 - Studying the Social Realistic Frequencies in the Poetry of Forough Farrokhzad
Leila GolipouriAbstract Realism is a literary school which spread in Europe and America in 1850 – 1880. Its most important characteristic is that it considers man as a social being and seeks the roots of his behavior, whether good or b MoreAbstract Realism is a literary school which spread in Europe and America in 1850 – 1880. Its most important characteristic is that it considers man as a social being and seeks the roots of his behavior, whether good or bad, in the society. Realism entered the Persian literature through Iranians' familiarity with the West in an imitative and concordant with the constitution revolution; and the poets and writers took advantage of this school in creating their works. Persian women poets such as Forough Farrokhzad used it in composing their social poetry. The present article, with the analytic – descriptive method, and by considering the impact of the different governments which had on the social frequencies till post revolution, is going to study some of the realistic social frequencies in Forough's poetry. The consequence of this research is that the element of woman relying on fighting against desperation, espousing the justice and advocating the right of man were of the most important frequencies of social realism which were of significant elements in the women's movement in this Persian lady's poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1721 - An Analysis on the Anima Archetype in the Lyric Poem of "Mehr and Moshtari" from Assar Tabrizi
Vida Rekab Arash Moshfeghi Gholam Hossein JavanmardAbstract Dealing with the internal conditions of the characters and its symbols is of the important traits of the lyric poetry. This internality has close relationship with the archetypes posed in psychology which include anim MoreAbstract Dealing with the internal conditions of the characters and its symbols is of the important traits of the lyric poetry. This internality has close relationship with the archetypes posed in psychology which include anima and animus. Based on the Jung theory, the archetypes of anima are the portrayal of feministic morality and approach in masculine gender and by the experience of race throughout the history. This approach in its various forms, has manifested itself in the lyric poem of Mehr and Moshtari from Assar Tabrizi ( 8th c ). Mehr, as a beloved, has extensive function in the development of the story; but in some occasions her feministic morality has made her distinct from other characters. And also, Moshtary, with ambiguous behavior approaches much to feministic character. In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytic method, by taking advantage of library technique, we have tried to study and analyze these phenomena. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1722 - Studying the Mohammadean Creation and Disposition in the Mathnavies of PersianPoetry ( from Sanaee to Sheikh Mahmud Shabestari )
Rogayyeh Hadi Pour Maryam Mohammad Zadeh Ramin Sadeghi NejadAbstract Studying the different corners of prophet Mohammad's character, behavior and life is of great importance. The present research, by descriptive – analytic method, and with the help of documents from the text stud MoreAbstract Studying the different corners of prophet Mohammad's character, behavior and life is of great importance. The present research, by descriptive – analytic method, and with the help of documents from the text studies the creation and disposition of prophet Mohammad in the mathnavies of Persian poetry from Sanaee to Sheikh Mahmud Shabestari. The findings show that, in these mathnavies, they have talked about the prophet's disposition and international aspects more than his appearance and physical traits. In Sanaee and Nezami's poetry more attention has been paid to prophet's physical description till the end of the sixth century and there is no sign of it in the 7th and 8th centuries in the Mathnavi, Sa'di, and Sheikh Mahmud Shabestari. Sanaee and Attar had the most intention to the disposition of the messenger specifications such as shadelessness illiteracy, having priority to the other prophets' inherent traits which have been praised in the mathnavies of this era, but emphasis on his superiority on all the universe has been dealt with more than other aspects and can be found in the poetry of all other poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1723 - Specifying the Relation of the Foundations of Mystical Anthropology with Ethical commentaryBased on Hume's Aesthetics
Seyyedeh Zahra Tabatabaei Tabatabaei Khalil Bahrami Ghasrchamani Ghasrchamani Javad Ostad MohammadiAbstract Mystical ethics, as one of the strict and profound moral approaches, with its rich and comprehensive anthropology has provided a necessary and sufficient streamline to pose the moral commentary to achieve the highest&nb MoreAbstract Mystical ethics, as one of the strict and profound moral approaches, with its rich and comprehensive anthropology has provided a necessary and sufficient streamline to pose the moral commentary to achieve the highest ethic teachings. David Hume, a Scottish philosopher, is of the experimentalist school pioneers who considers the ethics in an important stance and even appeals him in the higher level. It has been tried in this essay, to study the relationship of mysticism of anthropology with ethical commentary focused on Hume's aesthetics. Since morality and beauty are both based on the feeling of taste, then are of the same quality. Hume believes that whatever as a result of exquisiteness creates pleasure, is considered preponderance. Therefore, the distinction between virtue and meanness is pleasure and toil. Beauty, as the writers of this essay believe, is of the significant ideas in exposing the ethics in Hume's philosophical system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1724 - Studying the Religious Theme and Identity in Kaisar Aminpour's poetry
Fatemeh Yousefpour Sayfi Iraj MehrakiAbstract Aminpour is one of the committed poets whose religious beliefs have significantly been reflected in his words. His adherence to religious and literary values, his approach to spoken language have endowed a special str MoreAbstract Aminpour is one of the committed poets whose religious beliefs have significantly been reflected in his words. His adherence to religious and literary values, his approach to spoken language have endowed a special structure and style to his poetry. Aminpour's poetry has religious identity and more than other things he wants to illustrate them in his works. He is also the poet of holy defense and resistance in the war time. This, together with religious distinction, has added value nature based on revolutionary ideals to his words. In this article, reflection of his religious identity and its relation with his words and frequencies like symbolism and revulsion and depression have been stressed on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1725 - Studying the Elements of Emotion in Ahmad Shamloo's Poetry
Seyyed Hassan Sharifi Arash Moshfaghi aziz Hojjaji KahnoojAbstract Emotion is of aesthetic elements and the way the poet deals with the events and phenomena of the existence and also his approach to them. The poet, in an awareness of human stance, is not indifferent to the excitement MoreAbstract Emotion is of aesthetic elements and the way the poet deals with the events and phenomena of the existence and also his approach to them. The poet, in an awareness of human stance, is not indifferent to the excitement and feelings that form his emotions. In reality, emotion is one of the main columns of the poetry such as speculation, rhythm, language which make up the bases of poetry. The deeper the poet's emotional relation with the phenomena and his surrounding world, the more his poetry will be of the emotional value. In Ahmad Shamloo's poetry, the element of emotion has a higher stance. We have tried, in this paper, to study it in his poetry, in a descriptive and analytic way. Using Shafiee Kadkani's classification (individual, social and humanistic selves) we have categorized the types of emotion into individual, social and humanistic way and have studied Shamloo's collection of poetry in the frame of that classification. The present study shows that personal and social emotions were used more in his earlier period of composing poetry from 1330 to 1343 and he has used individualistic and humanistic emotions between ( 1343 – 1344 ) and (1345 – 1379) respectively. That's, the third period of the ghognoos (phoenix) in the rain of the story of relentlessness, love, hate, hopelessness, anger and chagrin to be mentioned in Shamloo's poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1726 - Studying the Grammatical Stance of the Qur'anic Verses and Arabic Poetry and Expressions in the " Nafsatol Masdoor "
Somayyeh Abbasi NasabAbstract After Islam, because of close connection between the Arabic and Persian prose and poetry, there was much affectability in Persian works, especially from the Holy Qur'an, tradition and narratives. The Nafsa MoreAbstract After Islam, because of close connection between the Arabic and Persian prose and poetry, there was much affectability in Persian works, especially from the Holy Qur'an, tradition and narratives. The Nafsatol Masdoor from Shahaboddin Mohammad Zeidari Nassavi, is one of the Persian reliable history and one of the rhetoric masterpieces of technical prose. Of the prominent characteristics of this book is the usage of poetry, verse, tradition and Arabic parables that the author, by the method of writers of the 6th, 7th, and 8th centuries has adorned his prose with them and used by supplementary combination to emphasize and complement of incomplete meaning in Persian expressions, as the appositive sentence for simile and allegory , as an adverb, description and quality. One of the cases which has been highlighted in this research is the grammatical stance of the verses and Arabic expressions in the prose of this book which have been used as a complement column in the roles of attributed, object, added as attributed complement in the sentences. The writer has skillfully used the Qur'anic verses to beautify the atmosphere of sentences and also demonstrating the art of his authorship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1727 - Analysis of the Heterogeneous Image in the Novel " After the End " by Fariba Wafee
Fariba Rahimi Nasser Alizadeh Khayyat Arash MoshfaghiAbstract A feministic approach, first established in 1929 by British Virginia Woolf with " Her Own Room " book, has opened up a great discussion in the contemporary period, especially in the context of MoreAbstract A feministic approach, first established in 1929 by British Virginia Woolf with " Her Own Room " book, has opened up a great discussion in the contemporary period, especially in the context of political, ideological and social movements in the form of novels. The novelist's feministic ideas are mainly with a tendency to liberal belief that gender in the life of human beings, is a determining factor which shapes the social and economic status of individuals. Fariba Wafee, as a liberal female feminist in his works, especially the novel After the End, constantly speaks of imprisonments, nostalgia and ambiguity in her novel . It can be interpreted as the traditional woman's image . In this paper, having reviewed the novel of " After the End " its main features and the flow of feminism are laid out in the view of the critiques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1728 - Studying the Stylistics of Hakim Shafaee Esfahani
Ali AzargoonAbstract Faridoddin Hassan Shafaee, known as Hakim Shafaee, the mystic poet, physical and mental doctor, was of the well-known poets of the Safawids – Shah Abbas the first - era and enjoyed special fame and veneration am MoreAbstract Faridoddin Hassan Shafaee, known as Hakim Shafaee, the mystic poet, physical and mental doctor, was of the well-known poets of the Safawids – Shah Abbas the first - era and enjoyed special fame and veneration among the different ranks of people. His poetry, by having the features of Indian style, is somehow devoid of poetical exaggeration and one can get some significant social and lingual information of that time. Anyhow, it seems that only few noticeable researches have been done about the odes and other works of the distinguished elegists the Safawid's era and have created reformations in its poetical mold. We have tried , in this article, to study his stylistics and innovations in three levels of lingual, thought, and literal aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1729 - The Reflection of Writing Style in the Transparency of Criminal Laws with the Emphasis on the Crimes Against the National Security
Zeinol Abedin Gholsanamloo Rahim Wakil Zadeh Reza RanjbarAbstract Of the numerous laws which are enacted in a legal system, the statutory laws, for having the most contact with citizen's rights and freedom are of specific importance. The beginning points of these laws are their enac MoreAbstract Of the numerous laws which are enacted in a legal system, the statutory laws, for having the most contact with citizen's rights and freedom are of specific importance. The beginning points of these laws are their enactments, and so to say, is the guilt presumption. In this course, paying attention to legislation, because of its precedence to its enacting and having a set of subtleties, has more sensitivity. The most significant point which this research deals with, is the clarity of the law which is posed as one of the important factors of the law's quality and the usage of grammatical and writing rules and avoidance of such elements of heckler like ambiguity, contradiction and law deficiency, to enact the desired laws and reduce the unsuitable interpretation of the laws and avoid the criminal guilts against the nation's security. The results of this research which were done through descriptive-analytic method, indicate that in Iran's criminal law, despite the endeavors done, this point has been neglected which by its continuation it can have severe challenges that in numerous occasions these laws are enumerable and documented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1730 - The Thematic Studying of the "Ashuraee Elegies" from Haydar Shabgard " In the mold of Liberty, revival of Islamic religion, Divine love and guidance"
Fatemeh Aghazadeh Rasool E'tebariAbstract One of the impressive matters which has appealed the attention of the literary men and those who are poetry lovers is the threnody which denotes, in common, the poetry which is composed on the death of a loved one and MoreAbstract One of the impressive matters which has appealed the attention of the literary men and those who are poetry lovers is the threnody which denotes, in common, the poetry which is composed on the death of a loved one and enumerating his/her positive affairs; and specifically the dole and martyrdom of Imam Hossein (p. b. u. H) and the tragic events of Karbala and the innocent Imams; and in this case, the only difference lies in its content and the way it is presented and its strength and weakness in the grievance of the heart, specifically when it comes to the devotion to Aba Abdollah Hossein and his household. Haydar Shabgard is one of the elegist poets who has tried his talent in the lamentation of Ashura and proved his ultimate love for Imam Hossein (a.s.). The threnodies of this emotive poet which arouse a sad turmoil in the hearts of Imam Hossein's lovers, which initiates from his intense grief towards the tragic events of Karbala. Master Shabgard, in his elegies, besides allusion to the events of Karbala, points out the important aim of Ashura uprising such as reviving and propagating the Islamic religion, liberty, dignity and rejecting the false obedience, fighting against cruelty and supporting the "hejab" ( Islamic coverage for women). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1731 - Sociological Analysis of Azarbaijani Folkloric Discourse based on the Story Gachak Nabi and Current Proverbs from the View Point of Critical Way of related Discourse
Rasool Babazadeh Habibollah Zanjani Sayfollah SayfollahiAbstract Having reviewed the formation of Azarbaijani folklore and its communicative background with literary, social, political and cultural problems, we have pointed out to the formation and development of folklore. We've us MoreAbstract Having reviewed the formation of Azarbaijani folklore and its communicative background with literary, social, political and cultural problems, we have pointed out to the formation and development of folklore. We've used the analytical discourse of Laclou and Mouffe and critical theory of analysis of Fair Clough and cultural theory of interpretation of Clifford Geertz as a theoretical and implicational frame for the research. The textual data of the research have been taken from valid folkloric sources of Azarbaijan and the analytic samples have been chosen as purposeful sampling method. The analytical consequences of this research show that Azarbaijani folklore as the oral language of this nation, regarding the social and political atmosphere of its own time, has the different contrastive discourse which ranks its people to use and express their purposes; and acquire their wants together with their criticisms of their social conditions of the time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1732 - The Analysis of the Archetype of Hero's Travel in the Story of Khosrow & Shirin from Nezami
Raheleh Abdollah Zadeh Mohammad RayhaniAbstract Campbell, the famous American mythologist, follows the internal excursion of man in a mold of mythological heroes, and by surveying those fables shows how this archetype retreats itself in a new mold to guide man to i MoreAbstract Campbell, the famous American mythologist, follows the internal excursion of man in a mold of mythological heroes, and by surveying those fables shows how this archetype retreats itself in a new mold to guide man to its internal travel and self-awareness. He considers the hero's mythical travel by a unique pattern of dispatch, arrival, and returning. We are to shoe, in this article, although Khosrow and Shirin is a historic story, has accomplished the three levels according to Campbell's ideas. Anushiravan promises the hero, in the dream, the marriage with Shirin, getting Shabdiz and the throne and Shapoor advises him to find them on the earth. By yhe encouragement of the messenger, Khosrow departs from Iran to meet Shirin who is the symbol of the anima in the heart of the hero ; and having passed through the negative trait of shade reaches his unconscious self and at the end of the story , the love affair of Shirooyeh to Shirin doesn't let him enter the human society. Finally, the hero is made to seclude in the fire-temple and his returning to the society becomes impossible. The archetype of sleep, shade, old savant, seducing woman, unseen helper, messenger, and symbols like horse, earring, sorcerer, lion, mountain, stone which have contributed the archetypal travel of the hero have all been resolved in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1733 - Correction of Solecisms in Shayegh Lorestani's Diwan ( book of poetry )
Javad TorabpoorAbstract Hadi Beik Saki, with the pen-name of " Shayegh" and known as " Shayegh Lorestani" is the talented Persian poet in the period of Zandieh and Ghajarieh, and is attributed to the literary renascence school. He has tried MoreAbstract Hadi Beik Saki, with the pen-name of " Shayegh" and known as " Shayegh Lorestani" is the talented Persian poet in the period of Zandieh and Ghajarieh, and is attributed to the literary renascence school. He has tried his hand in most of the Persian poetry molds. The only existing version of this poet is the manuscript written by Hossein Ali ibn Yar Beik Zanganeh Bakhtiari in 1223 which was registered in Malek National Library in 1331 with the number of 5117. Mr. Hamid Reza Dalvand corrected and published it in 1383. Regarding the abundant errors in its text, the writer of this essay corrected and reported a number of solecisms of this diwan, based on the aesthetics, semantic rules, prosodic patterns and Persian literary traditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1734 - Relationship Between the Mundane World and the Life After from the View Point of Maulana ( based on The Mathnavi )
Ahmad MoneereeAbstract One of the most extensive and polemic discussions that human societies have had since the ancient times is whether this world is limited or there is another world after this one; and suppose there is such a world, how MoreAbstract One of the most extensive and polemic discussions that human societies have had since the ancient times is whether this world is limited or there is another world after this one; and suppose there is such a world, how is the relationship between them? A group of scholars believe in the aftermath world and agree that there is relationship between them ; on the contrary there are others who reject the doom's day. Maulavi has talked about the world and the day of judgment and its relevant problems in the Mathnavi of Ma'navi.He considers the dream and wakefulness as s passage to the other world, and believes that by arbitrary death and overcoming the vicious desires one can see the quality of the dooms day in this world. He thinks that the other world is much better than this one and says that there must be a balance between them because each has its own stance and it is not to man to have discrimination between them. Though most people believe that Maulana was a Hanafi and obeyed the Ashaereh tenets, by precise looking at his ideas we can conclude that he had extensive verbal discussion about this world the world after and had not limited himself to one theory. Maulana believes that there are profound relationship between this world and dooms day. This research is based on point-finding approach and has been ended through a collection of evidence and library research. Analytical approach is also its qualitative concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1735 - Studying the Culture of Co-existence of the King and Social Classes in The Sayasat Nameh and The Nasihato Moluk
Maryam Maysami Maryam Amir ArjomandAbstract To the world which is always seeking peace and tranquility, co-existence has special importance. Interaction and the life of two people, two groups, the individual of a society even two countries with different races and be MoreAbstract To the world which is always seeking peace and tranquility, co-existence has special importance. Interaction and the life of two people, two groups, the individual of a society even two countries with different races and beliefs, far from strife and war, were ideal for lots of politicians and writers and creating such society has led to offering theories to create utopia. By studying The Siarol Molk from Khajeh Nezamol Molk and The Nasihatol Moluk from Imam Mohammad Ghazzali one can deduce that this subject was very valuable for these two clear-thinkers; and in this way the role of the Saljuq king, in the matter of injunction, cannot be overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the culture of co-existence from the view point of Saljuq Sagacious minister Khajeh Nezamol Molk and mystic teacher of the same era Emam Mohammad Ghazzali and their interaction with the king and the social classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1736 - Analysis the Story of Bijan and Manijeh Based on the Mythology of Fertility
Kobra Jalili Mo'akher Hamid Reza farzi Ebrahim Pour Darghahi Pour DarghahiAbstractOne of the surviving methods of the myths is their continuum in fiction and story., specifically the folk stories. Some stories in this case tell the myths related to the nature of fertility.The importance of such myths are so that James Frazier calls it the fun MoreAbstractOne of the surviving methods of the myths is their continuum in fiction and story., specifically the folk stories. Some stories in this case tell the myths related to the nature of fertility.The importance of such myths are so that James Frazier calls it the fundamental bases of all myths and Mehrdad Bahar labels it as one of the main columns of myths. The myths of the nature ( fertility ) are those which are in connection with nature's death and its resurrection. Delving in some stories in Persian literature one can find the traits of the myths in nature and fertilization rites. The story of Bijan and Manijeh, in this essay, has been studied in connection with a thematical analytic method. The writers' assumption is that in the deep structure of this story one can find the symbols of myths in the nature. Based on this theory and with its thematical analysis we come to the conclusion that the myths of the nature and the rites of the fertility have been proved. Death and birth of the nature have been symbolically manifested and can be seen in its characters. Furthermore, there are other symbolic elements and archetypes in the text that are in relation with the main theme and have been analyzed thereof. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1737 - تحلیل و تفسیر چهار سطح معنایی(لفظی، تمثیلی، اخلاقی و باطنی)و دو سطح خوانش در غزلهای حافظ
Farah Niazkar Morteza Ja'fari فاطمه نیازکار -
Open Access Article
1738 - Plot and characterization in the novel of " Yekolia and his Solitude " written by Taghi Modarresi
Ali dehghan Vahid yousefpour Abstract Plot and characterization are the most important elements of a fiction by which authors'artistry can be examined, and the " yekolia's Solitude" by Taghi Modarresi is a good example of such expertise. This article More Abstract Plot and characterization are the most important elements of a fiction by which authors'artistry can be examined, and the " yekolia's Solitude" by Taghi Modarresi is a good example of such expertise. This article analyzes the author's techniques regarding these two elements that ultimately lead to the novel's great artistic value. Modarresi has used speech, description and omniscient point of view to develop his characters; within an open and complex plot in which incidents have a systematic connection. Its Biblical prose, mythical theme and religious atmosphere make it even more amusing, and its suspense and conflicts keep the reader's attention to the end. The story's superficial structure has gained perfection and artistic look thanks to the story within story technique, and three separate but interconnected story lines. Shifting from the beginning to the middle of the text occurs proficiently fast and smooth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1739 - Studying the Fictional Elements in the Contemporary Stories in the 10th , 11th , and 12th High School Classes
Majid Soltani Mahdi Novrooz Akbar Sha&# Batool Fakhre IslamAbstract Educational researchers believe that the literary, religious, cultural, national and thinking foundation of any generation forms in its childhood and juvenile period and an important of it is on the shoulder of educat MoreAbstract Educational researchers believe that the literary, religious, cultural, national and thinking foundation of any generation forms in its childhood and juvenile period and an important of it is on the shoulder of educational system of every country. Text books are the most important tools of this formation among which Farsi books, because of paying attention to fictional literature are the best way to narrate the human contemplations and thoughts. The fictional element, in this research – the stories in 10th, 11th, 12th high school classes have analytically and thematically been studied. It seems that the authors are interested more in novels and long stories. Most fictional elements have been used repeatedly. Summary of short stories in comparison with novels and long stories were associated with less damage in fictional elements and themes. There is no thematic variation in text books. Therefore, no diversity of stories is seen in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1740 - Intertextuality of the Qur'anic Verses in the Transcription of "Gholshan" from Mohammad Rahim Kermani
Seyyed Ya'ghoob Hosseini Maryam MahmoodiAbstract In fact, the intertextual relationship, studies the bonds of one text with the other past or present texts. Julia Christova was the originator of intertextuality. Later on Gerard Janet developed this idea and divided MoreAbstract In fact, the intertextual relationship, studies the bonds of one text with the other past or present texts. Julia Christova was the originator of intertextuality. Later on Gerard Janet developed this idea and divided it to its subdivisions. Today, the intertextual technique is one of the most outstanding characteristics of poetical and textual structure. In this case, The Holy Qur'an as an ethereal source, is of the most significant sources which has inspired most of the writers and poets in the Islamic world. Mohammad Rahim Kermani, the writer of the ethical book " Gholshan ", and of the imitators of the Gulestan of Sa'di, has also utilized the intertextual technique. We have tried, in this article, by using the intertextuality and by employing analytical – descriptive method to investigate these impacts on the text of this book. The aim of this article is to reveal the approach and intertextual relations to highlight the didactic and ethic teachings of the Holy Qur'an. The attention of the author of the Gholshan to the Qur'an and utilizing it in numerous methods shows his presence of mind, the vastness of his knowledge, and indicates his commitment to religion. Mohammad Rahim Kermani, by using the Qur'an in his words has revealed the literary aesthetics elements in its best form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1741 - The Background of Mysticism in Modern Poetry ( with emphasis on Akhavan Sales and Hooshang Ebtehaj )
Nader Javad ZadeghanAbstract Mysticism, in Persian literature, is of the main themes of poetry, and in the contemporary period and especially after the revolution, the committed poets have paid profound attention to it and the rate of belief in m MoreAbstract Mysticism, in Persian literature, is of the main themes of poetry, and in the contemporary period and especially after the revolution, the committed poets have paid profound attention to it and the rate of belief in mysticism followed by the frequency of the entrance of mystical implications, and the type of mystics' outlook at it is different. The subject of this article is to study mysticism in Persian poetry. The importance of this research is that some say the contemporary poetry has diverted from real beloved and indicates the desperation and absurdity; but the fact is other than this. To this purpose, the poetry of well-known poets of the contemporary ones have been evaluated and their mystical themes have been mentioned here. Dealing with the mystical problems, in this case, has had much acceptability in Akhavan Sales' poetry, but it is under the influence of social matters. Amir Hooshang Ebtehaj is also familiar with mystical points in the previous literature and has brought them in his poetry. However, mysticism is not in the canon of his attention. In fact his poetry contains a mild trend of mysticism. Consequently, we can judge that though these poets are not mystics, they are interested in their themes and use them in various manners in their poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1742 - Spiritual Life from Qur'anic and Islamic Thinkers' Point of View
Abazar Salmanpour Gomchi Mohammad Reza Adli Bakhshali GhanbariAbstract Spiritual life in Islam means belief in Unique God, obedience in divine teachings together with practical and ethical obligations to God's commands to attain felicity which in the Holy Qur'an it is called pure life an MoreAbstract Spiritual life in Islam means belief in Unique God, obedience in divine teachings together with practical and ethical obligations to God's commands to attain felicity which in the Holy Qur'an it is called pure life and the explanation of this life and attaining it have widely been expressed in the Islamic mystics and thinkers' works. From the Qur'anic point of view, the spiritual life is formed by application of divine commands, returning to God, and setting the prophet as a paragon in life, ethical training by Almighty's help. In the whole, conscious promotion to know God better, strengthening of faith and virtue and following the prophet of Islam as the best symbol and creating motif to the growth of genuine religious spirituality and nurturing the virtues and combat with mean qualities to get to mundane and the doom's day bliss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1743 - Studying How Taghi Danesh's Style is Influenced from Hafez Shirazi
Rajab TohidiyanAbstract Taghi Danesh , one of the poets, scholars and writers of Ghajar's last period and early period of Pahlavi dynasty followed the poetic style of the previous poets in the second half of the 8th century and early period MoreAbstract Taghi Danesh , one of the poets, scholars and writers of Ghajar's last period and early period of Pahlavi dynasty followed the poetic style of the previous poets in the second half of the 8th century and early period of 9th century, was specifically under the impact of Hafez Shirazi's poems and tenets. This affectability from Hafez can be discussed in three significant stylistic aspects: Poems which the poet, by imitating the style of the late 8th century and early the 9th century, he has followed Hafez poetry in external melody (meter and prosody) , marginal melody ( rhyme and alignment ) or phonologic level in the same way; and he has also dealt with the meter, rhyme and alignment of Hafez poetry with other meanings, themes ; and finally he has benefited from language and vocabulary and their combinations and expressions of Hafez's Diwan (book of poetry). We have tried , in this article, to discuss the three levels mentioned issues in Taghi Danesh's poetry by bringing samples and evidences from other poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1744 - The Stylistic Analysis of Katebi Nishabouri's Lyrics
Bahram Bashiri Khatibi Rostam Amani Hamid Reza farziAbstract Katebi Nishabouri, one of the greatest poets of the 9th century, was living in a time when imitation and saying the like were of its distinguished characteristics. Most poets of this period repeated the themes of the MoreAbstract Katebi Nishabouri, one of the greatest poets of the 9th century, was living in a time when imitation and saying the like were of its distinguished characteristics. Most poets of this period repeated the themes of the previous poets with the least creativity. The purpose of this research is to answer these questions whether Katebi Nishabouri followed the way of his contemporary poets and imitated the poets of previous periods or not. What specifications do his odes have on the whole ? In this paper, Katebi's odes have been investigated from three dimensions of lingual, literary and thought in a descriptive-analytic method based on the library studies.. The findings of this study show that Katebi, at least in his odes, didn't have any imitation but had lots of innovations in them. Finding the main points, theme creation, euphemism, the way of equalization and also affliction which are the characteristics of Indian Style, were of his issues of his mind more than the others. Considering all these, it can be judged that Katebi is one of the entrepreneurs of Indian Style. Anyhow, from lingual and literal point of view, one can find traits of Araghi and Khorasani styles in Katebi's odes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1745 - The Analysis of Sociolinguistic Approach of Religious discussion in the Hadigheh of Sanaee based on Dell Hymes' communicative Theory of Power
Hoda Pir Nahid Akbari Hossein ParsaeeAbstract Dell Hymes is a linguist with the approach of sociology to language. He introduced the language as a knowledge whose sociology is created by its communicative power with posing the implication of communicative power. Hymes showed that a language phase is very MoreAbstract Dell Hymes is a linguist with the approach of sociology to language. He introduced the language as a knowledge whose sociology is created by its communicative power with posing the implication of communicative power. Hymes showed that a language phase is very suitable for the specific social texture. One of the language dimensions is its social role and its impact on society. Hymes believes that language power is not enough by itself but it must be accompanied with communicative power to accomplish its suitable function. Therefore, the social identity of language draws it to a kind of communicative interaction and causes that in a dialogue behavior, course of time and place, the kind of expression and rate of the usage of predicative, imperative and interrogative sentences, basically language elements to make the form, content of any discussion which will be effective in the addressors and the addressee. Regarding Sanaee's works, which have entered the Islamic mysticism in the Farsi literature and poetry during the first centuries of Islamic era, we'll deal with the role of language in expressing the religious debate in the Hadigheh . Considering the historical situation and social conditions of the 6th century in which the religious approach hadn't entered the knack of mystical language, what way did Sanaee use to make his works be enjoyable and influence his message to his reader. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1746 - The Concept of joyance and its Synonyms from the View Point of Khayyam , Khagani and Salman Sawaji
Mas'ud Partovi Nejad Foomani Mohammad Reza Shad Manamen Alireza NikooeeAbstract Joyance, the internal tranquility, which causes the human mentality to understand and have pleasure, is manifested by cheerfulness and smiling expression in man. Nowadays, numerous criteria are introduced to create jo MoreAbstract Joyance, the internal tranquility, which causes the human mentality to understand and have pleasure, is manifested by cheerfulness and smiling expression in man. Nowadays, numerous criteria are introduced to create joy and relative decrease of sadness which some of them have little or short term impact on hilarity of man. Literature and poems of poets have had increasing effect on people's minds and souls in different settings. One of the most significant matters from the view point of poets is joyance and its derivatives; therefore, in this essay, we have tried to investigate the matter of happiness from the three poets' perspectives, and it was revealed that Khayyam, besides his philosophical and mathematical insights , considers the world ephemeral and invites people to joy and happiness and to take advantage from the short life. Khagani, in addition to his knowledge in other sciences, calls his readers to have pleasure in life and by alluding to festivals, ceremonies, and kings' feasts and description of nature encourages the common people to have high spirit. Salman Sawaji considers love mostly spiritual and emphasizes on internal joy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1747 - The Tohfatolajam, a Newly Discovered work from Seyyed Hossein Shah ( Haghighat )
Mahdieh Razavizadeh Ahmad Reza Yalameha Maryam MahmoodiAbstract The cultural transcendence of every society is in the pledge of understanding the numerous achievements and cultural works and material and spiritual heritages of the past and having knowledge in relation with those w MoreAbstract The cultural transcendence of every society is in the pledge of understanding the numerous achievements and cultural works and material and spiritual heritages of the past and having knowledge in relation with those works. By the reviving the manuscripts, recognizing the struggles and scientific capabilities of the previous thinkers become available and answering to some scientific needs of new researchers become possible. By correction and renewal of old works and returning them to the cycle of the people's investigation, one can have the precise recognition and judgment about the history of the culture and literature of this nation, Iran. This necessity is more felt in the language and literature domain, because every text reveals us a corner of the structure and the development of literature. Tohfatolajam is of 13th c copies which have not been corrected yet, and its correction and printing can make us familiar with its lingual specifications. So far, three manuscripts of this work have been known; and this research is based on the copy registered by the number of 1427 which exists in the parliament library. No doubt, introducing and correcting it will be a valuable duty in reviving and returning one of the rhetoric and grammatical texts of the 13th century to the great collection of Persian literature. This research can provide a suitable bases for the researchers, students and the adherents of Persian literature and also be familiar with one of the literary character of that time who has not been presented to the literary community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1748 - The Analysis of a Selection of African – American Poet Phillis Wheatley's Political-Ethical Poetry Based on the Reasoning Theory of Stephen Edleston Toulmin
Vida Sabzvari Bidokhti Saeed Roozbehani Abolghassem Amir AhmadiAbstract Reasoning is used as hypothesis or introduction in definite and true corollary sense to show a new one. This process, especially in the domain of ethics and religion may influence the audience's speculatio MoreAbstract Reasoning is used as hypothesis or introduction in definite and true corollary sense to show a new one. This process, especially in the domain of ethics and religion may influence the audience's speculation, tenets and his worldview so forcefully that he inevitably improves them. Stephen Edleston Toulmin, the well-known philosopher of the 20th century who has developed the theory of reasoning, has classified the present ratiocination into the components of: claim, data, reason, supporting of reason, rejection, and indexes of stability of the statement, such as comparative theory; all of which can also be seen in Phillis Wheatley's poetry ( 1784 ). The present research , with the aim of analysis and reasoning and thematical exploration deals about some pieces of ethical and political matters, chosen from his poetry. We have tried to answer the questions: What claims and recommendations and backgrounds has Wheatley used to endorse and satisfy his readers' minds? What are the strictness of the indices used in the data and what are their possible impacts on the poet's tone and statements? The results attained from the article are: in the first section: claims, ethnocentrism, proofs, heredity; in section two: claims, freedom, hope, good name, proofs, politics and worldview in the third part : claims, hope, theology, justice, proofs, and social ethics. In the fourth section: claims, theology, following the scholars, avoidance from sin, proofs, ideological worldview, personal ethics and learning it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1749 - Musical Analysis of Social Lyric Poems in Constitutional Era
Soudabeh Yousefian Darani Morteza Rashidi Ashjerdi Mahboubeh KhorasaniAbstract Social lyric poem is one of the lyrics that was current in constitutional revolution in Iran. In this essay, first the social lyric poem is defined and explained in brief, later we investigate the poems morphologicall MoreAbstract Social lyric poem is one of the lyrics that was current in constitutional revolution in Iran. In this essay, first the social lyric poem is defined and explained in brief, later we investigate the poems morphologically under three basic adjacent musical ( range and rhyme ), outside musical ( rhythm ) and medieval musical )literal adornments ). Most of the social lyric poems in constitutional era have range and most of the ranges are in dynamic order. Also, words such as liberation, motherland, labor, revolution which entered the poetry and lyric in regard to political and social conditions have been used in range and rhyme position. Most of the constitutional social lyric poems have been composed of moderate light and height which are in sorrowful and smooth rhythm. Among these rhythms and content of social poems the are era of adaptation and relativity. Also literal adornments such as play on words, harmonious cadence, and pun have been used so richly in these lyric poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1750 - The Anima Archetype and its Impact on Studying the Psychology of Firooz Shah and Aynol- Hayat Characters of Darab Nameh Bighami
Susan Biglari Deloee Reza Ashraf Zadeh Javad Mehreban GhezelhesarAbstract The archetypes are known as the common heritage set in common unconsciousness of human being. This subject was presented for the first time by Karl Gustav Jung–the humanistic psychologist The most important archetype explaine MoreAbstract The archetypes are known as the common heritage set in common unconsciousness of human being. This subject was presented for the first time by Karl Gustav Jung–the humanistic psychologist The most important archetype explained by Jung is the Anima ( the female soul of male ) which is both ideal and destructive in manifestations of human being's id. The Darab Nameh of Bighami is an outstanding work which deals with the love affairs and epics of Firooz Shah, Darab's son with Aynol-Hyat, the daughter of Yaman's king. The quality of Aynol-Hayat's manifestation in the narratives of Bighami is that it can be compared with Jung's Anima components and the impacts which it had on Firooz Shah. The outcome of this research which is done by analytic-comparative approach, shows that " attaining the lover to individuality" " eternity of the beloved " " manifestation of the beloved in the dream " " negative signs of the beloved " are of the most significant signs of the animatic love in the Darab Nameh.The most fundamental effect of Anima on the characters of Firooz Shah is his attainment to the ministry and kingdom which is also a symbol of individuality and perfection Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1751 - Analysis of Illusion : imagery , seclusion Atmosphere in Mysticism and Their Reflection on the Soul of the Mystic
Neda Bassari Aziz Hojjaji Kahjoogh Arash MoshfaghiAbstractIn Islamic mysticism, the similitude atmosphere which in fact is between soul and matter is called middle or imagery atmosphere which is in essence the symbol of requisiteness of runic manifestation on the mysticism and a collection of the paradoxes and superfic MoreAbstractIn Islamic mysticism, the similitude atmosphere which in fact is between soul and matter is called middle or imagery atmosphere which is in essence the symbol of requisiteness of runic manifestation on the mysticism and a collection of the paradoxes and superficial sketches. The Islamic law interprets the isthmus world as the imagery world which doesn't have any relationship with human being's thinking power and stands in much higher position than wisdom. Illusion or " false imagery " is always mixed with dream and sometimes creates fear to a mystic in mystical atmosphere. Enclosure of the mystic in the atmosphere of seclusion is the reflection of his internal and external dialectics in opposing and revision of his amazed soul. This research has been done on the library study based on descriptive – analytic method. The ultimate aim of this research is to prove that imagery is in the border of illusion and reality. Dreams dominate the secluded mystic and the reflection of the suspended and baseless phenomena, in the seclusion atmosphere which are imprinted in the mind and soul of the poet are standards to create mystical works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1752 - Studying the Fictional Elements in the Contemporary Stories in the 10th , 11th , and 12th High School Classes
A'zam Bazgir Alvar Mahmood Tavoosi Maryam Amir Arjomand Fatemeh EmamiAbstract Educational researchers believe that the literary, religious, cultural, national and thinking foundation of any generation forms in its childhood and juvenile period and an important of it is on the shoulder of educatio MoreAbstract Educational researchers believe that the literary, religious, cultural, national and thinking foundation of any generation forms in its childhood and juvenile period and an important of it is on the shoulder of educational system of every country. Text books are the most important tools of this formation among which Farsi books, because of paying attention to fictional literature are the best way to narrate the human contemplations and thoughts. The fictional element, in this research – the stories in 10th, 11th, 12th high school classes have analytically and thematically been studied. It seems that the authors are interested more in novels and long stories. Most fictional elements have been used repeatedly. Summary of short stories in comparison with novels and long stories were associated with less damage in fictional elements and themes. There is no thematic variation in text books. Therefore, no diversity of stories is seen in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1753 - رابطه همسرگزینی جمعگرا یا فردگرا با پایداری ازدواج در متون کهن حماسی
Mehrnaz Firoozmand Jahandoost Sabzali pour Ahmad Reza Nazari Chervadeh شهریار حسن زاده -
Open Access Article
1754 - God's Essence and Attributes from Maulana's Point of View
Rogayyeh Sepehri Some'e Sofla fatemeh ModarresiAbstract One of the important faith and verbal beliefs after the proof of God's existence is God's essence and attributes which is among the most monotheistic ideas of philosophy and mystic sciences. In the issue of God's essence, there are not significant differences MoreAbstract One of the important faith and verbal beliefs after the proof of God's existence is God's essence and attributes which is among the most monotheistic ideas of philosophy and mystic sciences. In the issue of God's essence, there are not significant differences between the different verbal views. What has provoked the dispute among verbal sects, is the issue of God's attributes and their relation between them and essence. In this research, we aim to state Maulana's opinion about this category in analytic – descriptive method. The research resultant indicates that in the discussion of God's essence and attributes, Maulana distinguished between them, and considered God's essence and attributes as a whole. Although, according to mystic and verbal tenets he calls God's attributes as " old ", it means that he knew God's essence as a unique one, in which there is no plurality. So, in his view, God's attributes are involved in God's essence and considered them as a description and statement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1755 - Studying the Imaginative Pictures of Heavenly Spheres from Khagani and Nezami's Point of View
Najibeh Honarvar farhad FalahatkhahAbstract Khagani and Nezami who have used spiritual and literal arrays to refine their words, have created novel pictures of natural phenomena which have changed their style to a specific one. The main approach of the present MoreAbstract Khagani and Nezami who have used spiritual and literal arrays to refine their words, have created novel pictures of natural phenomena which have changed their style to a specific one. The main approach of the present paper is to expose and explain the pictures of imagery of the bride of heavenly sphere from Khagani and Nezami's outlook and have a view at the colorful picturesque of this gallery of painting in the mold of similes, metaphors, allusions from various view points of Khagani and Nezami. Although the corners of imagery of these poets could be presented in the mold of interpretations, it has been tried to survey these approaches in a more comprehensive perspective; the most important of which are : mythological, scholarly, mystically, romantically and ultimately religious approach. Since scrutinizing and paying attention extensively on these issues needs more opportunity than this paper needs, these two great poets, to have great impact on their readers, by using the most refined mind have created ingenious and interesting samples on the minds of their addressees. This article has been arranged by the descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1756 - The Literary and Artistic Function of ( Aa – alef in Farsi ) in the works of Azarbaijani Style Poets ( Khagani Shervani – Nezami Ganjavi – Mojiroddin Bilagani – Falaki Shervani )
Gholamreza HeidariAbstract Aa or alef is the first letter in the Farsi and the Arabic language and the first letter in jamal and abjad system which denotes " one " and it is the code of " thoor " month ( Ordibehesht ). In mystical, gramma MoreAbstract Aa or alef is the first letter in the Farsi and the Arabic language and the first letter in jamal and abjad system which denotes " one " and it is the code of " thoor " month ( Ordibehesht ). In mystical, grammatical and philosophical literature it is an allusion to the unique existence of God, the great omnipotent abstract and unquestionable soul. Because of this specific stance, it is the most prolific letter in constructing the theme and poetic atmosphere and meaningful interpretations in the great poets of azarbaijani style like Khagani Shervani, Nezami Ganjavi, Mojiroddin Bilagani and Falaki Shervani. In most of their poems " alef " means: previous, leader, chairman and famous. It also denotes the harmonic, inflexible, direct and graceful stature. In some other occasions it means honor, pride, thinness, weakness , uprising and endurance. Alef loves its own stature, it is rebellious and has lippy character; but at the same time it is silent. It is considered the poorest element. It brings to mind nakedness, joy carelessness, bondness and adornment . It also incarnates the solitude, and loneliness, righteousness and purity. Alef is motionless. The whole letters and numbers revolve around it. Alef is the first letter of creation. At the same time it shows minuteness. It is one of the most prolific attributances in the Persian literature and the poets have linked the throne, crescent, club, pen, finger, cypress, and slimness to alef. We have tried , in this article, to elaborate the function of alef in the Azarbaijani style poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1757 - Pragmatic Critical Approach to Didactic Literature in Contrast with Ethics and Politics (based on the Kalileh and Demneh)
Rasool KazemzadehAbstract The Kalileh and Demneh, in comparison with other cooperative texts, has an important stance in the critical discussion of the day; and because of its didactic principles and numerous fictional molds and dialogues has MoreAbstract The Kalileh and Demneh, in comparison with other cooperative texts, has an important stance in the critical discussion of the day; and because of its didactic principles and numerous fictional molds and dialogues has appealed the critics' ideas to itself. Pragmatism is a view point which uses the practical results of ideas as a criterion of values and their correctness. We have tried in this essay by descriptive-analytic method, and by looking at the context of the Kalileh and Demneh as the main source of document, and referring to the daily critical discussions evaluate the lingual narrative of the story and avoid the segmentation of all sentences in having the final subsumption. What with superficial criticism, poses the negative characters of the story as anti-value, fades in contrast to " good and evil " and replaces itself with morality and value results. Kalileh and Demneh, in reality, talks about the social and ethical condition of his time and its teachings are somewhat adapted with machiavellism and pragmatism which has production like humanism . Studying the narrative structure of the stories shows that the substance of the story is the dominant speculation of the main idea of the fiction and although in the first view the sub-structure of the story is pragmatic, by looking at the atmosphere of the story and the dialogues dominating the layers of the fiction and conclusion we cannot attribute pragmatic or machiavellism to it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1758 - The Intertextual Perusal of Allameh Hassan Zadeh Amoli's Mystical Poetry with the Holy Qur'an
Javad Abedi Hossein Parsaee Reza Forsati JooybariAbstract The theory of intertextuality is one of the most prolific subjects on literary criticism; it is one of the items which adds exquisite beauty to the literary works. Affectability of the poets and writers fr MoreAbstract The theory of intertextuality is one of the most prolific subjects on literary criticism; it is one of the items which adds exquisite beauty to the literary works. Affectability of the poets and writers from each other's texts and exploring them are really enjoyable. Allameh Hassan Zadeh Amoli's poetry is replete of mystical implications, Qur'anic and traditional themes. His poetry is saturated with mystical themes and is surveyable with the intertextual approach. In this paper, we have tried to analyze his poetry in mystical implications and themes which have rich supporting, by comparative analytical-descriptive method. Therefore, his mystical poetry is perusalled based on intertextuality with the Holy Qur'an. Allameh has tried, in addition to revealing his own feelings in poetry, to deal with belief problems and the Qur'anic Islamic manners. By scrutinizing in the poetry of Allameh one can see various kinds of intertextual relationship including: allusive, inspirational, thematical, technical, trivial and lexical. But by the sequence, the relationship of inspirational, thematical, lexical, trivial and technical are of the conspicuous ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1759 - Simin Behbahani's lyric characteristics : Epic and Resistance
Ja'far Mohammadi Arash MoshfaghiAbstract Since resistance against ugliness and darkness imposes an obligation on poets during the war and oppression time, few ones can be named in these eras who have not shared their works in the field of resistance literatu MoreAbstract Since resistance against ugliness and darkness imposes an obligation on poets during the war and oppression time, few ones can be named in these eras who have not shared their works in the field of resistance literature. Human nature does not tolerate evil; therefore, civil disobedience to tyranny and oppression arises in different forms. Revolutionary movements from 1978 to 1979 to some extent made openness and enlightenment speech possible for Iranian poets . Simin Behbahani is one of the contemporary ghazal poets who before the Islamic revolution explicitly stated the events that had significant impact on the formation of the revolution. Her Ghazals reflected the events of the day. Following that, Behbahani reflected other topics in the field of resistance literature and in this research the most important indicators of resistance literature in Simin Behbahani's ghazals during and post revolution periods, an during Iran and Iraq war, will be discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1760 - Introducing the Manuscript of Divan of " Mirza Taghi Ben Zaki Saheb Aliabadi "
Kamran Pashaei FakhriAbstract Mirza Taghi Aliabadi Mazandarani, the son of Mirza Zaki, was one the poets and scholars of the second half of 13th A. H. He was from Ali Abad of Mazandaran and was talented in poetry. At first his pen-name was " Malal MoreAbstract Mirza Taghi Aliabadi Mazandarani, the son of Mirza Zaki, was one the poets and scholars of the second half of 13th A. H. He was from Ali Abad of Mazandaran and was talented in poetry. At first his pen-name was " Malali " , then he chose the nom de plume " Saheb " – Saheb Divan. His book of poetry includes odes, fragments, lyrics, quatrains and mathnavi consisting of 5300 couplets. It is mostly about praising Fathalishah, Mohammad Shah Qajar, Imam Ali and the Holy Prophet. The divan of Saheb Aliabadi is one of the highly valuable books that have not been corrected and analyzed yet. His poems have been mentioned in biographies and translations but the divan has not been published. This article tries to introduce it based on the manuscript held in Iranian Islamic Consultative Assembly by the serial number of 1008 and compare it with other five manuscripts. The present manuscript has been considered as the main copy because of its completeness, legibility and originality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1761 - The Tohfatolloghat ; an Unknown Dictionary
Morteza Ja'fariAbstract Tohfatolloghat is a dictionary of which the only copy with the number 2708 is kept at Tehran university. Because of its missing pages in the beginning and ending the book, the name of the author and the date of its au MoreAbstract Tohfatolloghat is a dictionary of which the only copy with the number 2708 is kept at Tehran university. Because of its missing pages in the beginning and ending the book, the name of the author and the date of its authorship are unknown. The probable date of its writing is the 12th century. It has 8625 words, 1060 of them appear at the margin of the book. This dictionary has been copied in abstract from Jahangiri dictionary and besides the elimination of historical evidences and addition of synonyms, the writer has arranged the entries alphabetically and has also added compound expressions from the Borhan Ghate' in the margin of the book and got a thorough collection of the words based on rhyming letters. It has been written in nasta'ligh ( a kind of calligraphy ) and rarely has mistakes. It has been compared and collated with Farhangh Jahangiri, Borhan Ghate' and Dehkhoda encyclopedia in the process of correction and in this way it has presented a thorough list of the pronunciations of the words Borhan Ghate' and Dehkhoda dictionary lack them. There are, besides the Farsi words, some terms in Arabic, Hendi, Turkish , Roman and other languages. It also has some Arabicised words and a few terms in Shirazi, Gilani, Esfahani and Ghazwini dialects. Like the Borhan Ghate', this dictionary includes some grammatical and interpretive words entitles synonyms and antonyms and the like. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1762 - A Comparative Study of the Most Important Elements of the Play in the Poetry of Badr Shaker Assyab and Nima Youshij
Forough ElahiAbstractDrama or play is a Greek word which means state, action, and incident which only reminded Greek plays, but nowadays it is not exclusive to a theater but its elements and traits such as dialog, character, incident, struggle ….. and has also appeared in oth MoreAbstractDrama or play is a Greek word which means state, action, and incident which only reminded Greek plays, but nowadays it is not exclusive to a theater but its elements and traits such as dialog, character, incident, struggle ….. and has also appeared in other arts and is considered one of the best methods of expression in the contemporary Arabic and Farsi poetry.In the mean time, Badr Shaker Assyab and Nima youshij, having passed of the ancient structure and theme, have entered the dramatic elements in the field of poetry. Freedom from restrictions of rhyme, rhythm, a variety of poetical meters in prosody, extensive use of myth, symbol and their ability in creating new images and tendency to realism led to the opening of new chapter in the innovation of these two well-known Persian and Iraki poets. The present research has been done in descriptive – analytic method based on the comparative literature of American style and has dealt with the most important dramatic of conflict, incidence, dialog, characterization in the above mentioned poets. The results indicate that the dramatic poems of these two poets are in the category of exquisite plays which have been composed to give pleasure to the readers, not for being performed on the stage. Both poets were successful in the conscious usage of the most significant dramatic elements in their poetry. However, the important distinction is that Nima had more declamatory approach to Syab in composing such poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1763 - The Artistic Quality of Rhetorical Structures in the Newly Found Work from Fathollah Aref
Mohammad Reza Amir Khani Dehbalaee Ahmad Reza YalamehaAbstract The subject of this research is to study and evaluate the application of crafts of rhetorics and their criticism in the newly found work from Fathollah Aref, the poet of the 10th century and the composer of The Shahna MoreAbstract The subject of this research is to study and evaluate the application of crafts of rhetorics and their criticism in the newly found work from Fathollah Aref, the poet of the 10th century and the composer of The Shahnameh in the court of Soleiman Ghanuni. One of the specifications that distinguishes one literary work from the other is the kind of its utility from its rhetoric structure which are illustrated by the writer in different ways. Regarding the epic genre of this poetry, Aref tries to create his poetry in higher or the same rank of the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. In the discussion of rhetorics, he sometimes succeeds and the other times fails. Aref's most significant craft in this work is the sensitive expression in the description of the scenes and the choice of similarity in a different atmosphere in a distich. Aref, by posing ironic expressions and in an unexpected manner , unveils his praised one (criticizes him) . Expression together with authority, and questioning in the excellency of the abstract of the book are of his outstanding and successful crafts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1764 - Studying the Devilish Forces in the Mythology of Ancient Iran and its Reflection in the Wayce and Ramin
Ma'sumeh Nazari Ayyub KooshanAbstract Belief in dualism and the opposition of goodness and badness can be seen in the nature, human being and the contrasting forces in the world and in the mythology of ethnics including Indo-European and Aryan tribes. In MoreAbstract Belief in dualism and the opposition of goodness and badness can be seen in the nature, human being and the contrasting forces in the world and in the mythology of ethnics including Indo-European and Aryan tribes. In Zoroastrianism, Ahura Mazda is the omnipotent of goodness , and Ahriman ( devil ) stands at the top of satanic forces.Belief in this dualism, in the mythological and epic works indicates the tenet of mythological man in the division of the world into two areas of goodness and badness. It has been tried, in this paper, to study the satanic forces in the ancient mythology of Iran and its reflection in " The Wayce and Ramin " and answer the question whether these creatures have the signs of satanic manner in the Avesta or not, and have they maintained their self-innovence. The study method is descriptive-analytic. One can conclude from the results that satanic creatures in the wayce and Ramin are adaptable with giant demons in the Avesta and Pahlavi texts; sometimes they are real beings which, with concrete picture are able to function in the mythological world. In this paper, besides the demons posed in the Iranian ancient culture, we've discussed about the other two demons of kindness and destruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1765 - Analyzing the Fictional Devices in " The Yousef and Zolaykha " of Jaami
Barat MohammadiAbstract The original story of Yousef and Zolaykha is a real event which has been reflected in the Holy Qur'an and other divine books. However, in Persian literature, with the imagination of the narrators and poets it has been MoreAbstract The original story of Yousef and Zolaykha is a real event which has been reflected in the Holy Qur'an and other divine books. However, in Persian literature, with the imagination of the narrators and poets it has been extended and highlighted and offered according their own mentality. Jaami has illustrated this in the most melodic and exquisite way and focused on Zolaykha for her axial role in the fiction. By describing and implementing the devices, Jaami has added specific manifestations to it and created the necessary attraction and movement. Therefore, it is better to study the skills used in it to illuminate its events and interactions and discover its hidden beauty. To attain this it was essential to investigate its plot, title, theme, tone, settlement, scene, narrator, perspectives, and characterization. The findings indicate that the events of the story proceed harmonically and reaches its logical climax; and the device of characterization and creating the scene is of Jaami's special interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1766 - Rhyme in " The Khosrow and Shirin " of Nezami
Azizeh Najafi Khodaverdi abbaszadehAbstract Rhyme comprises an important part of the poetic melody; by studying of it one can find a part of poetical art in it. The distinguished poets have always tried to choose the best rhyme regarding their rhythm and though MoreAbstract Rhyme comprises an important part of the poetic melody; by studying of it one can find a part of poetical art in it. The distinguished poets have always tried to choose the best rhyme regarding their rhythm and thought. In this paper, we've surveyed the rhyme in the versified story of Khosrow and Shirin from Nezami. It shows that Nezami was well-aware of rhyming scheme and by studying its values he has composed The Khosrow and Shirin. The rhymes are often short, mono-syllabic, and simple indicating the lyric thought of the poet; nominal and verbal terms have come with frequency close to each other. The ordinary deficiency of rhyme is seen in its structure which the poet has used it according to the style of the time and what was current in the literature but the creativity and skillfulness which Nezami had in rhyming scheme and the combination of rhyme with row has diminished the deficiency of the rhyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1767 - An Outlook at the " Mer'atossalekin " from Mir Baba the Son of Mir Darwish Nagshbandieh
Mohammad Taghi Maghsoudii Ahmad Reza Yalameha Mohammad Hakim AzarAbstract The transcript of Mer'atossalekin from Mir Baba, the son of Mir Darwish Nagshbandi is one of the written works of the 12th lunar century which is little known and the writer, by introducing it, is to analyze and surve MoreAbstract The transcript of Mer'atossalekin from Mir Baba, the son of Mir Darwish Nagshbandi is one of the written works of the 12th lunar century which is little known and the writer, by introducing it, is to analyze and survey some of its characteristics in the mold of this essay. Regarding the content of this work, one can conclude that it is about the mystic literature and Nagshbandieh Sufism which was written in ( 1118 ) A. H. and no search has been done on it. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the Mer'atossalekin based on specific literary methodology and introducing it to those who are interested in Persian literature. This research which has been studied and analyzed through attributive method description and bibliotic studies, is to answer the question of : Who is the writer of the book? What is its specification? In which field of literature is it ranked ? and what will its introduction have in recognizing the Persian literature? The answer for them will promote and reveal the importance and necessity of the research. Therefore, the correction and expressing the literal traits of this manuscript in the twelfth century as the unique manuscript will show itself as striking importance and necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1768 - Introducing and Studying the Kholasatoshoara ( Botkhaneh ) , idol temple , Biography
Mohaddeseh FarrokhiAbstract One of the methods in paying attention in the existing identity of societies is collecting and editing of the manuscripts and precise programming to identify and introduce these works. Among the manuscripts, since som MoreAbstract One of the methods in paying attention in the existing identity of societies is collecting and editing of the manuscripts and precise programming to identify and introduce these works. Among the manuscripts, since some of the biographies have kept the names and addresses of their writers, and have been survived up to now, are of specific importance. The biography of Kholasatoshoara ( botkhaneh ) is a footnote which has been written to the miscellany of Botkhaneh. It has over four thousand stitches, a selection poetry of the ancient or contemporary poets which is collected by Mulla Mohammad Sufi Mazandarani in cooperation with Abdollatif Abbasi in 1010 A. H. and later Abdollatif Abbasi Gojarati , in addition to writing a preface to it, has added the biography of poets together with their contemporary kings and the sages in brief and has arranged it in two volumes called Kholasatoshoara. In this article, by introducing the biography and existing copies of it, we have tried to offer its stylistics specification from the view point of lingual, thought and rhetoric Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1769 - The Reflection of Magic – Realism in the " Haft Khan" of Rostam
Reza Hadiloo Tooraj Aghdaee Haydar Hassanloo Mehri TalkhabiAbstract Although the magic realism is considered a modern style in story-writing, it has one thousand years of background and has well-established in our literary works. There is no doubt that the extensive treasure of mythol MoreAbstract Although the magic realism is considered a modern style in story-writing, it has one thousand years of background and has well-established in our literary works. There is no doubt that the extensive treasure of mythology that is reflected in magic-evasive content of the Shahnameh can have a great share in proving this matter. Ferdowsi is a realist who by taking advantage of this magic realistic themes has created the fables such as Haft Khan. He includes the reality of his present day in an ultra logic bed of the accidents to open a door of knowledge to his readers. We are to deal with the themes of magic realism in a descriptive-analytical method, and conclude that magic reflects a vast spectrum of ancient beliefs in the fables of the Haft Khan. At the same time it talks about the facts that is called insurgence in the hard trials of life. So, we try, by exploring the magic realistic themes, in the Haft Khan to find how this tie is taking place , what seems clear, is that the Haft khan has its roots in the seven ceremonies of Mehr. Therefore, utilizing the elements of fantasy, this epic work seems fabulous, and this specific quality focuses on its magical realism. The whole fables of the Haft Khan are the reflection of Jung's thoughts. The last point, in the process of the story, emphasizes on the political wisdom of ancient Iran in which the king is a basic column in people's lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1770 - Nostalgia for the homeland in the 1st and 2nd volumes of The Mathnavi Ma'navi
maryam Jalali Kondelaji Parvindokht Mashhoor Akbar Sha'baniAbstract Nostalgia for the homeland, as an instinctive, natural and psychological state, appears in man when he loses some of the things that he possessed and yearns to regain them. Maulana Jalaloddin Balkhi was of the mystics MoreAbstract Nostalgia for the homeland, as an instinctive, natural and psychological state, appears in man when he loses some of the things that he possessed and yearns to regain them. Maulana Jalaloddin Balkhi was of the mystics who elaborated the remoteness of his beloved and homeland more profoundly in the first and second volumes of Mathnavi. In his speculation the descent of man and his strangeness in this world has several reasons. For this nostalgia, Maulana takes advantage of allegorical fables and makes the story more tangible. The mystic, ultimately finds his lost proprietorship which is the main home and land and spiritual world and attaining the real beloved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1771 - The Language of Mysticism and its Relationship with shat'h ( self-contradiction )
Vadood ValizadehAbstractIn this research we are to explore the reasons of discrepancy in the words of the mystics and study their language to see why shat'h has appeared. There have been numerous ideas about it and its relationship with the language. Some people believe that there is n MoreAbstractIn this research we are to explore the reasons of discrepancy in the words of the mystics and study their language to see why shat'h has appeared. There have been numerous ideas about it and its relationship with the language. Some people believe that there is no discrepancy in the real world but only it appears in speaking . Then there is no opposition, in essence, in the real world. Some experts have had the notion that the mystics have used such esoteric literature to hide the fact from the unworthy people. The others believe that it is because of the personal experiences of some mystics. Other ideas in this case have also been presented. Although each of these tenets may have its own applicability, what appeals much is that the Sufi sects , in talking about the plaintive meaning of metaphysics, had to use the ordinary expressions and it was then that shat'h became popularized. Anytime they used the implications in the sphere of eternity and immortality of man in the material life and its circumstances in society, discrepancy emerged in their works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1772 - A Narrow Research in the Spiritual Rhetoric Arrays in Mirza Mohsen Ta'sir Tabrizi Diwan
Raziyeh AghazadehAbstract From the aesthetic point of view, the rhetorics is a science by which the beauty of the word is revealed and it is a collection of the crafts which more or less converts the ordinary words to literary ones. One of the MoreAbstract From the aesthetic point of view, the rhetorics is a science by which the beauty of the word is revealed and it is a collection of the crafts which more or less converts the ordinary words to literary ones. One of the basic elements of the poetry, especially in the Indian Style, in addition to narrow types of imagery, is the arrays used in the poetry of this period of time. Mirza Mohsen Ta'sir Tabrizi is of the poets who followed Saeb Tabrizi's school. He has taken great advantage by using eloquent language and innovative arrays which included verbal and spiritual skills in expressing his thoughts and tenets. In this research which has been done in descriptive-analytic method, Ta'sir Tabrizi's Diwas has been investigated from spiritual rhetorics and its significant points have been distinguished. Mystics' agnosticism, the manner of equity, paradox, the order of numbers, the true way of speech, comparison, using parallel words. Among the above-mentioned items: the abstraction, manner of equity, the true way of speech and allusion are of higher frequency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1773 - The Criticism of Political and Social Situations in Khagani's Poetry
Robabeh Mesbah Zali jalil Amir poor DarianiAbstract By surveying the world of Khagani's poetry, we encounter the political and social ups and downs which have appeared everywhere in his poetry. He has illustrated the social and political conditions with an exquis MoreAbstract By surveying the world of Khagani's poetry, we encounter the political and social ups and downs which have appeared everywhere in his poetry. He has illustrated the social and political conditions with an exquisite language in his lengthy odes. Political hints, social events and the customs of the courtiers in the mold of eulogy and elegy show the people's political and social conditions of his time. The poets' social predicaments and their intermixture with it is so great that the separation in Khagani's poetry not only is difficult but also impossible. Khagani's poetry is so holistic that one can see the political and social conditions of the time in it and derive documentary facts from it. We are to show the different angles of his poetry to the researchers. By studying his poetry we find out about the incidents of his life, political situation like the wars and Iranians' glorious victory, the current culture in the court, the bilateral relations between the poets and the kings, the governments' approach toward the peasants, poets' praise about the construction development and the rulers' attempt in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1774 - Criticizing and Studying the Structure of Indelible Songs in Modern Folkloric Literature
Mohammad Amin Mohammad Pour Ali Asghar Babasafari Gholamreza SetudehAbstract Persian ballad and music are of the outstanding elements which form folkloric literature and contemporary culture. Regarding the extension of the addressee, the songs have undeniable effect on the minds and literary k MoreAbstract Persian ballad and music are of the outstanding elements which form folkloric literature and contemporary culture. Regarding the extension of the addressee, the songs have undeniable effect on the minds and literary knowledge of common people. This essay has been written to reveal the traits constituting today's song and expounding the cause of its indelibility together with the main resources. The collection method of the data is attributive and bibliographic and the instrument to do it is through microfiche processing. The subject matter of the research has been studied in descriptive-analytic which was done by studying the written songs, and their characteristics have been categorized simultaneously. The findings of the research indicate that the song and the music and the quality of the pitches of the voice and the time of broadcast are of the components of today's song. The most fundamental part of the song is poetry, after that, it is the music , when this collection is put together, the pitches of the singer's voice together with the sex of the singer are discussed. Besides these, the character of the singer and the knowledge of the community from him/her plays role; and in the end, the method of broadcasting, even its time and presenting it to the society are of the influential factors in the song. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1775 - Criticism and Studying of Newly Found Miscellany from the 7th c. A. H.( Kashi Miscellany )
Mojtaba Safarali ZadehAbstract The present article, based on the intra and extra textual documentaries, is to reveal that the writer and author of the present transcription is Ezzoddin Abdolaziz Kashi who was the poet, writer and author of that wor MoreAbstract The present article, based on the intra and extra textual documentaries, is to reveal that the writer and author of the present transcription is Ezzoddin Abdolaziz Kashi who was the poet, writer and author of that work in the late 7th and early 8th c A.H. By investigating the author's poetry in the miscellanies and numerous books of prose and verse, we encountered some of his poems in the Rozatonnazer, the Nozhatolkhater, and in the introduction of the Ghalamiyeh Thsis and we became ensured that this transcript had been written by Ezzoddin Abdolaziz Kashi. A few pages of the beginning and the ending of the book are missing. In this literary miscellany, the works of some famous poets such as Ferdowsi, Daghighi, Assadi Toosi, Khaghani, Hafez, Motanabbi, Abu Novas … and also some unknown poets as Shams Kashi, Sayenaddin Tabrizi, Sadroddin Oshnavaei, Tooreh Poshti, Yusefi and Rortami have been written which are newly found in their genre and unprecedency; and also there are poems with their composers that can be utilized by literary researchers in critical correction of the verses as a dependable source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1776 - Manifestations of Lyric Literature in Shahriar's Poetry
Leila Zare' Salmasi Nasser Nasseri Tazeh Shahri Jalil Amir pour DarianiAbstract Shahriar's extensive imagination has created numerous thematical backgrounds in his poetry which have been reflected in his works in different ways. The vicissitudes of poet's life has broaden the view of his horizon an MoreAbstract Shahriar's extensive imagination has created numerous thematical backgrounds in his poetry which have been reflected in his works in different ways. The vicissitudes of poet's life has broaden the view of his horizon and the extensiveness of his contemplation has extended excitements with enjoyable thoughts in different themes in his poetry and has established a rose garden of lyric literature in his works. His book of poetry, one of the most extensive Diwans in which ethical, national, didactic, religious, mystical love and social problems have been manifested in the agreeable words; and the frequency of lyric literature is more noteworthy than the other genre of literature. We have dealt with, in this essay, the lyricism of Shahriar poetry and the frequency of his lyric verses – variables such as love, mysticism, revealing the sorrow, nostalgia, elegy, satire and boasting together with bringing documents. The results of the research indicate that Shahriar's mystical and abstract variable love, complaints and religious and social eulogy has specialized the most frequency to itself . The research method was based on descriptive-analytical one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1777 - Criticism on the Works of Ali Dashti and Mohammad Hejazi
Mohammad Issa Zadeh Haji AghaAbstract From the view point of the promulgation or limitations of Persian Literature, especially in story-writing field, the years 1320 – 1300 are of thorough significance. The liberal forces who considered thems MoreAbstract From the view point of the promulgation or limitations of Persian Literature, especially in story-writing field, the years 1320 – 1300 are of thorough significance. The liberal forces who considered themselves the winners of constitution revolution, wished that the victory process and social structure be continued. But in front of them there were new powers that wanted to strengthen its bases. Struggling to attain power which existed in all ranks of society, had influence on the literature, too. The liberalists wanted to unmask the reality to the ordinary people; and the newly founded Pahlavi power wanted, by eliminating the impediment and suppressing the opposition, to legitimize its monarchy in the view of people. Both sides had understood the importance of literature, especially story-writing, and wanted to take benefits of its impact to develop their desires. Consequently, two types of literature and story-writing , with different purposes, were developed in Iranian society which can be called : court and folk literature. Senator Ali Dashti and Senator Motioddowleh Mohammad Hejazi were the leading figures of court literature and their only purposes were to entertain people and lead their minds to other problems including extravagant love and unbridled self-indulgence to divert people's attention from social problems. The stories of these two court writers, in this article, have thematically been investigated to show which of the problems were of importance in their ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1778 - Comparison of the concepts of Love in the Odes of Attar , Maulavi , Sa'di and Hafez
Ali Akbar Bazi Ahmad Reza Kaykhay Farzaneh Behrooz RoomianiAbstract Love is a phenomenon which transforms the whole feelings and internal affairs of the lover and creates a new character from him/her; at the same time undertakes his/her guidance and assumes numerous manifestations for MoreAbstract Love is a phenomenon which transforms the whole feelings and internal affairs of the lover and creates a new character from him/her; at the same time undertakes his/her guidance and assumes numerous manifestations for each person. Attar , Maulana , Sa'di and Hafez are the best poets who have talked about love. They have used specific interpretations which indicate their amour taste. Regarding to its significance, we have tried to deal with it by descriptive-analytic approach in these four great poets. Based on the results and joint view points we can conclude that; as the beloved is everlasting, and so is the love itself. World is the manifestation of true beloved, love is not describable and has priority on the wisdom. On the different perspective of these four poets about love it was concluded that Attar and Maulana had only one beloved and that was the unique creator about whom all the loving odes have been composed. But in the poetry of Hafez a different expression is seen about the beloved which sometimes is the Divine, other times corporal and some other times it is social. Sa'di's beloved is also beautiful but he overlooks her. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1779 - A Critical Discourse in the Story of " Abshooran " from Ali Darwishian Based on Norman Fair Clough's Theory
Azizeh Najafi Khodaverdi Abbas Zadeh leila adlparvarAbstract Norman Clough is on the thinkers who has posed the critical discourse theory to criticize the capitalistic society and recognize its cultural and social development in the literary context, specifically na MoreAbstract Norman Clough is on the thinkers who has posed the critical discourse theory to criticize the capitalistic society and recognize its cultural and social development in the literary context, specifically narrative literature. In the frame of this discourse, he emphasized on the relation of power and ideology in the three levels of description, interpretation and exposition. We have tried, in this paper, to deal with the story of Abshooran from Ali Darwishian with the library method and in the descriptive-analytical system, based on the theory of Norman Fair Clough. Darwishian has described the huggermugger situation caused by poverty in the poverty-stricken neighborhood – Abshooran. The results of the studying show: description, in the first level, in which he has used emotion and literary and at the same time negative and colloquial language, irony and short indicative sentences to explain his ideology: vocabulary which embody the meaning . In the level of interpretation, by creating presumptions in the similar situation and , the different spectra of discourse are tangible. In the level of exposition which includes the most important phenomena of poverty, aggression, ignorance, illiteracy, lying, vandalism, abusing the rights of the children, theosophy, superstition; and beside them the emotional crises, contrasting the poverty and capitalism, combat and surrender, all of which have put the atmosphere of the story in a gloomy state Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1780 - Exploration in the Novel of " Ahoo Khanom's Husband " Based on Albert Bandora's Theory in Social – Cognitive Learning
Farhad Hamedi Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Parvaneh Adel ZadehAbstract Since studying of the ideas of theoretician thinkers in the domain of learning and getting its implications can be used as a guide for researchers and those who are interested in the subject, the main focus of present research has been led to the study of Albe MoreAbstract Since studying of the ideas of theoretician thinkers in the domain of learning and getting its implications can be used as a guide for researchers and those who are interested in the subject, the main focus of present research has been led to the study of Albert Bandora's social-cognitive theory and logical extraction of its implications in the novel of The Ahoo Khanom's Husband written by Ali Mohammad Afghani .Also, the reason that we have chosen this theory is the extension of Bandora's ideas in social, cognition in the domain of learning. The question posed is : which components of social – cognitive theory of Bandora are seen in the above-mentioned novel? The method used in this paper is descriptive – analytic. Of the findings of present research, instances such as observational learning and the components like : attention, remembrance, recreation, and motivation based on which we have studied and analyzed Ahoo Khanom's Husband. All of these indexes have been extensively explained in the text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1781 - Job's sufferings, Christianity, and Christian Mysticism with reliance on Rumi's Thoughts
Saloomeh Iranfar Gadamali Sarami Haydar HassanlooAbstract Ever since the creation of human beings, the prophets' sufferings, from Adam to Mohammad the prophet, have afflicted agony to the hearts of people. Investigation over the fate of each one of these liberal people of th MoreAbstract Ever since the creation of human beings, the prophets' sufferings, from Adam to Mohammad the prophet, have afflicted agony to the hearts of people. Investigation over the fate of each one of these liberal people of the history of mankind causes human being to find out the reason and the cause of their distresses and engagement with various divine examinations, trying to understand the philosophy of calamities over the destiny of selected mankind; meanwhile, each of them always pave the way for guiding public in terms of self-chastity and purification dedicating their power over their felicity. The present paper which was conducted through library research, aims at the why of the sufferings and their influence over the lives of Christians, from ordinary people to missionaries and philosophers, with respect to prophets' sufferings and special people including Job's sufferings – the culmination of the emerging features of patience. However, it is endeavored to find out the common points with Rumi's mystical thoughts; hence, there are a great deal of commonalities between Christian and Islamic mystical notions over the idea of suffering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1782 - Psychoanalytical Criticism on the Propounded Features in the Bayhaghi History based on the new Psychological Schools of Freud, Rogers, Maslow, and Adler
Sara Mohammadi Arash MoshfaghiAbstract Bayhaghi's history is of the valuable and profitable works which its writer has used his whole craft to create a lasting source. Contracting ideas and thoughts of various characters have been used in it. Abulfazl Bayh MoreAbstract Bayhaghi's history is of the valuable and profitable works which its writer has used his whole craft to create a lasting source. Contracting ideas and thoughts of various characters have been used in it. Abulfazl Bayhaghi was a savant and sharp-witted man who had the acts and behaviors of the politicians under his scrutiny vision. Psychoanalytical criticism of literary texts is a new scientific approach among the literary and artistic works. The Bayhaghi history, with having different players who work with harmony, make possible this criticism and studying for this research which are beneficial in psychology of the characters in Bayhaghi's era in the period of the Ghaznawid's dominance by utilizing the modern psychologic science theories and the ideas of great people like Freud, Adler, Rogers, ans Maslow to find out the reason of some events and inefficiencies which led to the decline of the Ghaznavid kingdom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1783 - The Sociological Criticism of the Short Story Collection of " The Acrid flavor of Persimmon from Zoya Pirzad
Mansoureh Bagheri Mazra'e Abdorreza Modarres Zadeh Fatemeh HaydariAbstract The book of " The Acrid Flavor of Persimmon " from Zoya Pirzad was published in 1376 and appealed profound attention. The purpose of this research is the sociological criticism of this work and studying and revealing MoreAbstract The book of " The Acrid Flavor of Persimmon " from Zoya Pirzad was published in 1376 and appealed profound attention. The purpose of this research is the sociological criticism of this work and studying and revealing of the imaginative stories of this collection. The sociological criticism of literature is one of the applied methods in the analysis of literary texts, especially the novel which studies the correspondence of social and aesthetical structure of the story. In criticizing of this work we based our activity on the tenets of Gyorgy Lukacs, the founder of this field and the incipient of structuralistic method of Lucian Goldman. The results attained through the analytical-descriptive method show that the main concern of Pirzad, in the illustration of woman's feature in society and peregrination of developmental root starts with consciousness and ends in transformation of her social stance. She, as a realistic writer, has been able to show the re-entering of modernity to Iran after world war II, The change of values, the gap between the generations, the increase of women's share in social activities and the transformation of Iranian society as a whole; the process which led to the basic alteration in the second half of the 70th. It is also emphasized that this type of criticism has its necessary methods to analyze and interpret the Persian short story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1784 - Studying the Social Problems of Maulana in the Ghazalyyate (collection of lyric poems ) Shams
Elaheh Rahmanian Reza Ashrafzadeh Batool FakhroleslamAbstract Any literary work has a sign of social origin in its texture. The social environment in which the work has flourished is reflected in the style and expression of its writer. Shams' collection of lyric poems is one of MoreAbstract Any literary work has a sign of social origin in its texture. The social environment in which the work has flourished is reflected in the style and expression of its writer. Shams' collection of lyric poems is one of these works in which Maulana deals with most of the facts, and customs and social conditions. Maulana's poetry is the reflection of his own social life and illustration of realities of his own era, and demonstrates his own individual and social characteristics. The present research is an attempt in analyzing the social character of Maulana in the Shams' lyrics which is a way in understanding the cultural and social problems of the author and it is a useful instrument to talk about his romantic and mystical system of thought. The social dimension of Maulana's characteristics, in the Diwane Shams have been surveyed in two sections: the first one is the social asset and the second one is the sociology of Diwane Shams from which the first dimension had much more impact. We expect this research be a thoroughfare to go to ethical virtues and reject of meanness and humility in the present era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1785 - A study Cognitive style of the verses of terror and terrorism in the Qur'an
Ismail Salem Khoei Seyyed Taghi Kabiri Mahboub MahdavianAbstract It is one of the important and new sciences in the field of stylistic literature. In this knowledge, the appropriateness between the word and the meaning, the textual coherence and the harmony of the meaning of the word with the MoreAbstract It is one of the important and new sciences in the field of stylistic literature. In this knowledge, the appropriateness between the word and the meaning, the textual coherence and the harmony of the meaning of the word with the structure of the phrases are determined. In this knowledge, the science of meanings and expression is studied. Addressing this very important issue can to some extent reveal the Qur'an's view of this dimension of collective life and invite human beings to live without violence and terror. Therefore, the present article, using the knowledge of stylistics and also relying on descriptive-analytical method, intends to examine the style of verses from the Qur'an in which the category of assassination and murder is discussed. A stylistic study of this type of verses shows that the theological style of those divine verses that are related to terror, in terms of verbal and semantic structure as well as syntactic structure of words, is an avoidance approach and These verses are mentioned in the form of metaphor and irony, and most of the sentences are addressed to the reader in order to convey the state of violence and seriousness in the fight against terrorism to the reader. In general, the style of speech and The general orientation of the words in all the verses related to murder and assassination is such that it shows that murder and assassination are reprehensible and should not be done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1786 - Passing Through the Elixir Highway ( purification and demolition of human nature in the thoughts of Maulana Jalaloddin )
Akram RahmaniAbstract In ancient times, alchemy was the science of the conversion of low-priced metal into precious metal by the alchemist. Of course, there was a mystery and mysterious alchemy that transformed man into a perfect and transcendental creature. Yung considered alchemy MoreAbstract In ancient times, alchemy was the science of the conversion of low-priced metal into precious metal by the alchemist. Of course, there was a mystery and mysterious alchemy that transformed man into a perfect and transcendental creature. Yung considered alchemy as the father of psychology. The mystics, regardless of the material properties of the kimia, have used it to convert the copper of human being into the gold of perfection with its spiritual purpose. Rumi has the right to call the alchemy the original kimia to humans, and believes that transforming man into a perfect man is a chemical process. In his view, one of the uses of alchemy is the liberation of the soul from the earthly body, and love, as the source of unseen world, is a kimia that can bring man to the highest authority and convert disbelief into faith. This research seeks to illustrate Rumi's ideas of alchemy and its practice and their effects on human being and how it can be used by this term and its concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1787 - The Components of National Identity in the Compositions of Aref Qazvini and Ahmad Showghi
Tahereh Chaldarreh Ma'sumeh SadeghiAbstract National identity causes eternity and people's growth and transcendence in a country ; and its preservation is of the concerns of the rulers and politicians. Since the aim of the colonialists is the annihilation of th MoreAbstract National identity causes eternity and people's growth and transcendence in a country ; and its preservation is of the concerns of the rulers and politicians. Since the aim of the colonialists is the annihilation of the national identity, and make them alien to their own identity, it is the duty of the poets and the writers and the thinkers to make the nation aware of these risks. Based on the current trend, in this article, the components of national identity in the works of the two revolutionary poets : Aref Qazvini and Ahmad Showghi – Iran and Arab poets, have been investigated by descriptive – analytic methods in the mold of political, historical and social approach. The attained results showed that these two distinguished poets emphasized specifically on the national parameters and identity and nationalism. Patriotism, combat against colonialism, adoration of militants, heroes, martyrs, and talking about the glories of the past are the exquisite themes of their compositions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1788 - The Verse of " Making the Religion Perfect " in the Mirror of Eloquence
Mahin Shahrivar Mohammad Ali Rabbi Pour Alireza Radbin Sadra AlipourAbstract The Holy Qur'an in the appearance, is formed with simple words, but there are deep implications in them. The effect of eloquence to express the meaning of the Glorious Qur'an is conspicuous. Regarding the harmony and MoreAbstract The Holy Qur'an in the appearance, is formed with simple words, but there are deep implications in them. The effect of eloquence to express the meaning of the Glorious Qur'an is conspicuous. Regarding the harmony and inter-relationship of the verses in the Qur'anic interpretation have constructive and valuable benefits; including understanding of exquisite and tender points of the Qur'anic miracle, true finding out of the geometric construction of verses, firm content of the Holy Qur'an which is full of the advantages of verbal, spiritual, and literary arrays . These eloquence of style and standard with the special choice have been used in the verses and chapters. It has unequaled fluency and eloquence in the three settings of expression miracles, scientific miracles, and religious tradition miracles. Regarding the point that the beginning and ending of the verse 3 " Maedeh " is about the sanction of edibles, does the verse " perfection of the religion " which is located among the sanctions, and by itself is an appositive, from the beginning to the end, have any relationship? The Shiite scholars believe that the verse " perfection of the religion is appositive and doesn't have fitness with its beginning and ending and is about the imamate of Ali ( pbuH ). The Sunni scientists believe that the Shiite researchers have looked at this verse without paying attention to the items around them, and the aim of " I perfected the religion to you today " is the perfection of religious percepts, not other things. In this paper, by taking advantages of eloquence and tasbigh ( the harmony of the top with its bottom ) and studying and analyzing the beginning and ending of the verse, we have tried to find the fact. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1789 - " Fiction " and "The System of Existence " Critical Analysis of " Hayyebne Yagzan " and Salaman va Absal " and the Narratives of Jami , Ibne Sina and Ibne Tofayle Andolosy
Mahdi Ebrahimi Hosseinali Kandi Ali Asghar HalabiAbstract Ibne Sina, Jami and Ibne Tofayle Andolosy with the influence of Honayn Ibne Es' hag, have in addition to their various works, used the form of story-telling to explain abstract thoughts. The two stories of " Hayyebne MoreAbstract Ibne Sina, Jami and Ibne Tofayle Andolosy with the influence of Honayn Ibne Es' hag, have in addition to their various works, used the form of story-telling to explain abstract thoughts. The two stories of " Hayyebne Yagzan " and Slaman va Absal " are based on different narratives of three thinkers, distinguished from similar examples of folk tales. This format, having special appeal to the philosophers' is used in the structure of the story to reveal their world-view in a cipher, symbol and metaphor. The main point of this paper is that in the narratives of Ibne Sina and Jami the objective worlds are not intended, because the narrative language of these two authors implies the patterns based on specific concepts, including the lack of interest in the world around us, the invalidity of the world material and the importance of privacy. This unique universal worldview can be identified in their history of stories. In the Iranian ecology with complex events and special social relations – a kind of abstract thought is produced which is different from the analogy with its western example, the narrative of Ibne Tofayle Andolosy.In the recent narrative, the universe has more objective phenomena Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1790 - A Look at the Impact of Mongol Invasion in Using the words of Punishment and encouragement in Saadi's Gulistan and Boostan
Hossein Safarinezhad Ali Asghar HalabiAbstract Saadi of Shiraz should be considered as one of the greatest teachers of ethics and one of the most influential speakers of Iran. He, beautifully and clearly in his work, as a committed sociologist, stated the great ev MoreAbstract Saadi of Shiraz should be considered as one of the greatest teachers of ethics and one of the most influential speakers of Iran. He, beautifully and clearly in his work, as a committed sociologist, stated the great events of his time which coincides with one of the most important historical periods of the country, devastating Mongol invasion. The present paper tries to provide some examples of verses and phrases with the vocabulary of punitive and encouraging in two moral – didactic books of The Gulistan and The Boostan where punishment has higher frequency compared to encouragement in terms of types and frequency. Also, its increase in the Boostan has more significant growth than in the Gulistan could be the consequences of uncultured people and semi-wild government on people and the prevalence of crime, criminality and violence among the rulers of society and in turn in people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1791 - Using finite element model in calculation of stress concentration factor around an elliptical hole in composite hybrid lamina
Pedram Lorzadeh -
Open Access Article
1792 - The role of nanobiosensors in identifying pathogens and environmental hazards
Ramin Mohammadi Aloucheh Yousef Alaee Mollabashi Asadollah Asadi Ozlem baris Somayeh Gholamzadeh -
Open Access Article
1793 - The effect of seed Priming and planting date on yield and yield components of wheat Chamran variety in north of Khuzestan.
Shapour Lorzadeh Mehran SharafizadehIn order to investigate effect of seed priming and plantig date on yield and yield components of wheat Chamran variety the research in both laboratory and field in Dezful –Safiabad research center in 2014-2015 was conducted. Treatments include priming with salicyl MoreIn order to investigate effect of seed priming and plantig date on yield and yield components of wheat Chamran variety the research in both laboratory and field in Dezful –Safiabad research center in 2014-2015 was conducted. Treatments include priming with salicylic acid in the four levels {control (distilled water), 0.7, 1.2, 1.7 mM} and four levels of planting date (10 December, 20 December, 30 December, 9 January) in the factorial design based on randomized completely design was conducted at research farm of Agriculture Research Center. The results showed that the effect of planting date on yield and its components were significant at the 1% level. Traits in the latest sowing date significantly decreased. Grain yield in the third planting date (10 January) the highest amount (6207.7 kg / ha).The highest biological yield and harvest index the amount of (14155 kg / ha) and (44.03%) in the third planting date were observed, respectively. In general, the traits were significantly decreased in the last planting date. So to achieve the highest yield, at a concentration of 7.0 mM priming and culture of 10 January date is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1794 - Optimization of in vitro propagation of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) cultivar Tian-yuzao
Seyedehsara Mousavi Pezhman Moradi Seied Mehdi MiriAbstract Jujube tree is one of the most important medicinal plants. The propagation of this plant is low using seed and sucker, therefore, by applying the micropropgation technique, the amount of propagation can be considerably increased. In order to study the effect of MoreAbstract Jujube tree is one of the most important medicinal plants. The propagation of this plant is low using seed and sucker, therefore, by applying the micropropgation technique, the amount of propagation can be considerably increased. In order to study the effect of culture media and growth regulators on proliferation and rooting of jujube cultivar Tian-yuzao, this experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications. For proliferation, MS and WPM culture media supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg.l-1 BA (benzyladenine), and for rooting, the mentioned culture media containing 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg.l-1 IBA (indole-butyric acid) were used. Based on the results of analysis of variance, there was no significant difference between MS and WPM for proliferation and rooting traits. The results of the mean comparison showed that the highest percentage of proliferation (73-76%) and number of shoots (3.1-3) were obtained in medium containing 1 and 2 mg.l-1 BA, but the maximum shoot length (74 mm), fresh weight (296 mg) and dry weight (44 mg) were observed in media supplemented with 1 mg.l-1. Rooting percentage, number of root and root length of all media containing IBA were not significantly different but showed significant increase compared to control. Adaptation results showed that over 87% of plantlets survived in the bed of clay: peat: vermiculite: perlite (1:1:1:1). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1795 - The effect of foliar application manganese on quantitative and qualitative traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and the relationships between them
nafiseh mahdinezhad mahmod mohammadkhani Brat Ali FakheriThis research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of MoreThis research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of 1 kg/ha was carried out in three stages of planting, stemming and flowering on 148 spring barley cultivars. The results showed that in different growth stages, foliar manganese increased the height, fresh and dry weight of forage, number of tillers per plant, leaf to stem ratio and reduction of seed to forage ratio, compared to normal treatment. Manganese solution increased Crude Protein, Crude Fiber, Acid detergent fiber, Natural detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin traits, as well as reduced qualitative characteristics of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate and ash compared with normal treatment. Simple correlation coefficients between traits showed that there is an inverse relationship between quantity and forage quality. As a result, the factors that increase the amount of forage reduce its quality and vice versa. In the following, using factor analysis, 14 variables were defined in five factors for normal conditions and four factors for manganese soluble conditions which justify 80.81% and 83.85% of the variation of the data, respectively. They made the results of this study indicated the total digestibility of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate, acid detergent fiber and natural detergent fiber from the oral parameters of forage, which can influence on forage quality and animal feed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1796 - Effect of iron, manganese and boron micronutrients on some morphological and quantitative characteristics of sugar beet seed
masomeh nasiri raouf ssharifi. In order to influence the micronutrient elements on sugar beet seed, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications of Ardebil Agricultural Research Station. The treatments consisted of the lack of spraying (control) and spray More. In order to influence the micronutrient elements on sugar beet seed, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications of Ardebil Agricultural Research Station. The treatments consisted of the lack of spraying (control) and spraying with iron, manganese, boron, iron and manganese, iron and boron, boron, manganese and iron, manganese and boron. Each plot consisted of six planting lines with a length of 6 meters and a spacing of 65 centimeters. Seed roots were planted with 50 × 65 cm arrangement (plant density of 3.08 plants /m2). The results of the experiment showed that the effect of treatments on dry weight of branch and dry weight of the whole seed was significant at 1% probability level. Comparison of the averages showed that the fertilizer combination of 4 in 1000 (boron and manganese) in morphological traits was superior to other fertilizer compounds. Also, the effect of micronutrient treatment on seed weight was higher than standard size and seed weight higher than 4.5 mm at 1% probability level. Among the compounds used, the fertilizer combination of 4 in 1000 (Iron and boron) was superior to other fertilizers in terms of traits related to seed traits in addition to increasing the above mentioned traits, weight loss was less effective than control. Therefore, these two combinations of fertilizers (Iron+boron and Boron+ Manganese)are recommended as the best fertilizer levels for achieving high yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1797 - Comparison of yield and some Morphological and biochemical characteristics of wheat cultivars under cut irrigation in Varamin region
Reza AfsharianzadehDrought stress is considered as an important factor in reducing yield of wheat.For this purpose, a study was conducted on 21 wheat cultivars under different levels of cut irrigation in Varamin region.This research was carried out as split plots design a randomized compl MoreDrought stress is considered as an important factor in reducing yield of wheat.For this purpose, a study was conducted on 21 wheat cultivars under different levels of cut irrigation in Varamin region.This research was carried out as split plots design a randomized complete block with two cut irrigation and cultivars factors in 63 treatments and three replications.The main factor of irrigation treatment in three levels including: normal irrigation I0, cut irrigation in flowering stage I1, and cut irrigation in grain filling stage I2 and cultivars in 21 levels as a sub-factor including: Chamran;star;Sirvan;Sivand;Arg;Parsi;Barat;Narin;Heidary;Ofogh;Rakhshan;Baharan;Sepahan;Aflak;Mihan;Zare;Gonhad;Orum;Saison;Gascogen and Mehregan.The results of analysis of variance showed that the simple effects of irrigation and cultivars and interactions effects on grain yield, total yield, culm leaf area index, relative leaf water content, CAtt enzyme and DT were significant at the level of 5% and 1%. Highest plant height was obtained from normal irrigation treatment and Sepahan cultivar (113.7 Cm); grain yield was obtained from normal irrigation treatment and Rakhshan cultivar (10276.4 Kg.ha); total yield was assigned of normal irrigation treatment and Sivand cultivar with average(43892.8 Kg.ha). Catalase antioxidant enzyme was achieved from cut irrigation at flowering stage and Sivand cultivar (54.36 U / mg protein) treatment and DT was observed from cut irrigation at flowering stage and gasogen cultivar treatment (21. 83 ηmol/mgprotein), The lowest plant height (76.4 Cm), grain yield (1493.7 Kg.ha), total yield (10543.9 Kg.ha) were assigned cut irrigation at flowering stage and ofogh cultivar treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1798 - The Effect of Performance Feedback on work engagement with the Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment and Social Capital in the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs
سجاد بیرامی علی محمد صفانیا اکبر آفرینشThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of performance feedback on work engagement with the mediating role of psychological empowerment and social capital in the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs. Regarding the research purpose, this research considere MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of performance feedback on work engagement with the mediating role of psychological empowerment and social capital in the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs. Regarding the research purpose, this research considered applied and from strategic point of view was quantitative and was a correlation research. The statistical population of this study was staff of Ministry of Sport and Youth. In this study, by using Morgan table, 269 subjects were selected by stratified method. The research instruments were the Schaufeli and Baker (2003) bonding questionnaire; the Spritzer Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (1995) and the Nahapit&Gucal Social Capital Questionnaire (1998). According to the purpose of the research, partial least squares method was used by Smart PLS software version 6/2/3. The findings of the study indicated that performance feedback was positively and significantly correlated with bonding, psychological empowerment, and social capital. The results of the Sobel test confirmed the mediating role of psychological empowerment and social capital. Also, the results of the VAF test of psychological empowerment at 0/28 and social capital at 0/34 play a mediating role in influencing performance feedback on bonding. What is obtained from the results of this research is that work engagement is correlated with performance feedback, empowerment and social capital of the Ministry of Sport and Youth staff. Therefore, the results of the Ministry of Youth and Sports executives can be effective in enhancing bonding by providing effective performance feedback to their staff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1799 - Qualitative Analysis of Encouraging Athletes to Purchase Iranian Sporting Goods: A Grounded Theory Study
مهداد نمازی مسعود ایمان زاده مهرداد محرم زادهAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sporti MoreAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods. In this study, which was a qualitative study, the data was obtained by relying on grounded theory and based on qualitative in-depth interviews with athletes of Ardabil province. The population included all the elite athletes of the province, who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball method, and 22 athletes were recruited as the statistical sample. The data were analyzed in three coding levels of open, axial, and selective. In the analysis of five concepts of causal conditions (five categories), intervening conditions (five categories), contextual conditions (five categories), strategies (six categories), and consequences (three categories), the Strauss and Corbin coding framework (2014) was used. In general, the results in the form of a qualitative model showed that according to the causal conditions and the requirement to encourage athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods, as well as considering the intervening conditions and the context of the study, these beliefs can be developed via some strategies such as combating the smuggling of sporting goods or improving the quality of domestically produced sporting goods. Overall, this study supports the idea that by increasing sports production in Iran, it is possible to boost the trade-in sporting goods, and by neutralizing economic sanctions and creating national solidarity, this trade can be supported to see a tendency in athletes under the title: Preferring to purchase domestic sporting goods, instead of foreign ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1800 - Predicting the Risk of Injury in Athletes Based on Two Factors of Injury History and Functional Movement Screening Test Score
nadjmeh afhami reza siamaki najmeh sadeghiMovement patterns disorders can lead to injury, although can result from athletes'' injuries and the absence of proper rehabilitation. Studies on risk factors are necessary to prevent sports injuries. The present study aimed to predict predisposed athletes according to MoreMovement patterns disorders can lead to injury, although can result from athletes'' injuries and the absence of proper rehabilitation. Studies on risk factors are necessary to prevent sports injuries. The present study aimed to predict predisposed athletes according to injury history and functional movement screen test (FMS). Twenty-seven professional female athletes (15 handball and 12 futsal athletes aged 20.67±4.35 and 21/58±3/05 years old respectively) participated in this cross-sectional study. At first, the consent form and personal information were completed by the subjects, and their injury history was recorded according to the standard injury history form, and then they participated in the FMS test. Subsequently, athletes'' injuries were recorded during training and competition for a period of 6 months. Data were analyzed by Kappa, t-test, Fisher exact test, and Regression logistic with SPSS and alpha level set at α=0.05. The results of the study showed that the history of injury can significantly predict FMS test scores (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1801 - Prediction of readiness for organizational change through psychological capital in Physical Education Staff of Education departments in Tehran
mahnaz khakpour sara hajianzaei farideh ashrafganjoueiAbstract The purpose of this study was to predict the readiness for organizational change of physical education staff in subordinate departments of the Education and Training Office of Tehran via psychological capital. The population was included of 200 staff in the Ed MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to predict the readiness for organizational change of physical education staff in subordinate departments of the Education and Training Office of Tehran via psychological capital. The population was included of 200 staff in the Education and Training Office of Tehran, of which 187 people were recruited by simple random sampling using the Krejcie-Morgan table. Readiness for Organizational Change for Halt et al. (2007) and Luttanz Psychological Capital (2007) Questionnaires were used for collecting data. The internal consistency of the questionnaires was obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82 and 0.86, respectively. The research data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS v.22 software and the Regression analysis approach. The results showed that all components of psychological capital, including self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience, predicted readiness for organizational change. Hence, in preparing for organizational change, the resilience component has effectively the most role, but in contrast, the optimism component has the least role. The current data highlight the importance of managers who are interested in the organizational advancement of their work through the readiness of employees for organizational change should pay attention to increasing the spirit of resilience, self-efficacy, hope, and optimism of the staff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1802 - The determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment
بهناز روشن روان حسین عبدالملکی سید نعمت خلیفهAbstract Sports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and MoreAbstract Sports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment. The research method was a descriptive - survey and the statistical population consisted of 253 residents around the Sports Complex. The instruments used in this study included the Environmental and Traffic Impact Questionnaire of Sultan Hosseini et al. (2014). This questionnaire has 14 questions and 2 components of the environmental impacts of sports areas and the traffic impacts of sports areas. Sultan-Hosseini et al. (2013) questionnaire is also used in the field of socio-economic impacts. This questionnaire has 16 questions and 2 components of economic and social impacts of sports facilities. The validity of the questionnaire is a content type and its reliability is calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 81%. A one-sample T-test were used to analyze the data from the questionnaires. The multidisciplinary Decision-Making Method is used to rank the effects of the evaluated components. This study has identified that social impacts significantly had the greatest effects on the urban environment of Karaj city (p<0.001). Moreover, the next two ranks are traffic effects and environmental effects, but there was no influence of the economic effects on the urban environment around the sports complex (p=0.11). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1803 - Evaluating the Relationship between Managers’ leadership Styles and Customer Satisfaction in Sport Clubs: The predictive role of personality attributes in the leadership styles of general managers
hashm purrezaian zinat nikaeen ali zaeriAbstractThis study aimed to determine the relationship between leadership styles of general managers and club customer satisfaction in sport clubs. In addition, the next goal of the current study was to evaluate the predictability of general managers' leadership styles MoreAbstractThis study aimed to determine the relationship between leadership styles of general managers and club customer satisfaction in sport clubs. In addition, the next goal of the current study was to evaluate the predictability of general managers' leadership styles based on their personality attributes. The population of the study was 32 general managers of sports clubs in district one of Tehran city who were selected by simple random sampling. All the customers of these sports clubs, including the sample number to calculate the customer satisfaction score, were 10 people from each sport clubs, who commented on the management of that sports club. Customers were randomly selected on the day and time of their visit to the club. To collect data, three questionnaires were used, which were: The Clark Leadership Style Survey, The 60-item NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and a researcher-made sheet of satisfaction of sports club customers. Taken together, the results suggest that all types of leadership styles have a significant correlation with customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the personality attributes of general managers have been explained and predicted, which were 79% for authoritarian leadership style, 47% for democratic leadership style, and 77% for devoted leadership style. In short, sports club owners can be assisted to recognize the best leadership styles and consider the best style as important criteria for selecting club general managers. As a result, general managers will achieve one of their most important business goals, which is to satisfy club customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1804 - Indicators and Components Affecting the International Development of Table Tennis of Iran (Exploration and validation with mixed approach)
مهران احدی محمد حامی وحید شجاعیThe purpose of this study was to identify and validate the indicators and components affecting the International Development of Table Tennis in Iran. From the paradigm perspective, the present study was a type of pragmatism, mixed approach, exploratory-field nature, phe MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and validate the indicators and components affecting the International Development of Table Tennis in Iran. From the paradigm perspective, the present study was a type of pragmatism, mixed approach, exploratory-field nature, phenomenological and survey strategy, and applied in terms of purpose. The data collection method was in-depth and semi-structured interviews (qualitative section) and a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was experts from the national tennis teams of Iran, including the coaches of the national tennis teams of Iran, senior managers in the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the Tennis Federation. The coaches of the various tennis leagues, the tennis boards, the staff and experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the Iranian Tennis Federation formed the sample members of the research in a small section. At first 226 initial codes including 13 main categories and 37 pivotal categories regarding the factors affecting the international development of tennis in Iran were counted, totally the number of these codes were 460. The reliability coefficient of qualitative research re-coding was calculated to be 0.84. The apparent and content validity in the form of CVR and CVR forms was approved by experts and the validity of the research questionnaire after performing the exploratory analysis process. Fit of the model with SRMR calculation equal to 0.066 which showed the optimal fit of the model. Economic factors (0.503), social factors (0.438), infrastructure development (0.43) and technical and specialized factors (0.44), motivational factors (0.373), media factors (0.518), the nature of tennis (0.004) ), Talent identification (0.497), managerial factors (0.530), government and governance (0.458), educational institutions and development of public sports (0.472) as indicators and components affecting the international development of tennis are discovered and validated in which all were reported to have high and medium quality upwards with Q2 calculation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1805 - The Effects of 8 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training on Serum levels of Myonectine and Insulin Resistance in Obese and Overweight Women
abdreza kazemi khatereh nnaaderiAbstractObesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and insulin resistance. Myonectin is a type of myokine that has a high rate of secretion in skeletal muscle and is inversely related to obesity. This study aimed to investigate t MoreAbstractObesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and insulin resistance. Myonectin is a type of myokine that has a high rate of secretion in skeletal muscle and is inversely related to obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on myonectin levels and insulin resistance in obese and overweight women. In the present study, 21 overweight and obese women participated as subjects, who were divided into two groups of exercise and control. The exercise program was performed for 8 weeks, which included three sessions of aerobic exercise per week, each session lasting 30 minutes with an intensity of 50 to 70% of the maximum heart rate. The maximum heart rate in exercise was 50% in the first two weeks, 60% in the second two weeks, 65% in the third two weeks, and 70% in the last two weeks. Blood sampling was drawn 48 hours before the start and 48 hours after the last training session and serum levels of mayonectin, glucose, and insulin were measured. Analysis of covariance was applied to examine the differences between groups by using IMB SPSS v.21 software. Serum levels of myonectin increased in the exercise group compared to the control group, but this amount was not significant (P=0.08). Furthermore, the level of insulin resistance in the exercise group compared to the control group was significantly reduced (P=0.006). Based on the results, aerobic training led to an increase in serum levels of myonectin and a decrease in insulin resistance in the subjects of this study. It can be concluded that due to the role of mayonectin in increasing the absorption of fatty acids, aerobic exercise can play a significant role in reducing obesity-related diseases and metabolic syndrome, which according to the current results, this effect is relatively associated with the role of mayonectin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1806 - Testing the Model of Leisure Time Attitudes and Work-Leisure Conflicts with Physical Activity Leisure Time Satisfaction in Ministry of Sports and Youth Employees
محمد میرزاکریمی محمدرضا اسمعیلی زهرا حاجی انزهاییThe main purpose of the present study was to test the model of leisure time The main purpose of the present study was to test the model of leisure time attitudes and work-leisure conflicts with physical activity leisure time satisfaction in ministry of sports and youth MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to test the model of leisure time The main purpose of the present study was to test the model of leisure time attitudes and work-leisure conflicts with physical activity leisure time satisfaction in ministry of sports and youth employees. The present study was a descriptive study of structural equation modeling and is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, which is 890 people. The minimum statistical sample based on Cochran's formula using simple random sampling method were 268 people. In this study, the standard questionnaires of work-leisure conflicts with leisure time, leisure behavioral attitude and leisure time satisfaction self-structure questionnaire were used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that attitudes toward leisure have a significant positive effect on leisure satisfaction with an emphasis on physical activity. Also, fatigue-based conflict has a significant negative effect on leisure satisfaction with an emphasis on physical activity. In addition, time-based conflict does not have a significant effect on leisure satisfaction with an emphasis on physical activity. Therefore, it is suggested that the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth hold family programs, including walking, cycling conferences, etc., to improve their physical satisfaction.Keywords: leisure time attitudes, work-leisure conflicts, physical activity, leisure time satisfaction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1807 - Explaining and Prioritizing the Brand Evaluation Indicators of the Iranian Futsal Super League Clubs
amirmasoud mohammadi nima majedi zahra nobakhatAbstractBy measuring brand valuation accurately, it can be considered as a desirable scale correctly for evaluating the long-term effects of marketing. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explain and prioritize the brand valuation indices of Iranian Futsal Supe MoreAbstractBy measuring brand valuation accurately, it can be considered as a desirable scale correctly for evaluating the long-term effects of marketing. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explain and prioritize the brand valuation indices of Iranian Futsal Super League clubs using choline components, which was done as a descriptive-correlational study. The population included 168 futsal players, 28 coaches, and 14 club general managers, who contributed in the 1996-95 year season. The sample size of the study was 172 according to the return of questionnaires. The Faraji Brand Valuation Questionnaire (2012) was used, which contained 35 questions consisting of 7 components of choline valuation based on Likert's five-choice spectrum. The participants, on the whole, demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between the seven components of the main research model, which included the stability component, profit trend component, support component, geographical expansion component, protection component, leadership component, and market component with brand valuation. Additionally, the results showed that the support component is the most effective parameter in the brand equity of Iranian futsal clubs. Consequently, it is suggested that futsal clubs take serious advice and consultation to attract sponsors and financial support other than the government and provide the necessary foundation to support sports clubs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1808 - of 4 Weeks of Morning Exercise and Green Tea Consumption on Obesity Indices in Obese Men
kyvan khoramipour abbasali gaeini amirhossein amirhekmatikarAbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of morning exercise and green tea consumption on obesity indices in obese men. In this study, 384 obese men participated as subjects, who were divided into 4 groups, which were divided into groups: exercise MoreAbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of morning exercise and green tea consumption on obesity indices in obese men. In this study, 384 obese men participated as subjects, who were divided into 4 groups, which were divided into groups: exercise (n=96), green tea (n=96), green tea and exercise (n=96), and control group (n=96). The training protocol was was 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks, each session consisting of 10 min of warm-up, 30 min of rhythmic aerobic activity, and 10 min of cooling down. Also, green tea was ingested 3 servings daily in the amount of 3 g of dry tea in 200 ml of water by the subjects of the two groups of green tea consumption, and green tea and exercise. Dependent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was no significant difference between age, height, weight, and BMI of the 4 groups before the study (p>0.05). Additionally, in the two groups of exercise, and green tea and exercise, body weight and body composition decreased significantly compared to the control group (P≥0.05), which showed the greatest decrease in the group of consumption of green tea and exercise. It can be concluded that drinking green tea alone can not have a significant effect on improving obesity indicators. However, sports activity alone had this capability. Moreover, the greatest benefit will be observed once consuming green tea is accompanied by exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1809 - Construction and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Sport Responsibility
پوریا بهاران حمید فروغی پور نجف آقائیThis study aimed to present a model for sport tourism development in Lorestan province with emphasis on social factors. Research method of this study was a survey based on structural equation modeling and applied research that was conducted in the field. The statistical MoreThis study aimed to present a model for sport tourism development in Lorestan province with emphasis on social factors. Research method of this study was a survey based on structural equation modeling and applied research that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of this study after determining the research model was all sport tourists in Lorestan province. According to Cochran formula and cluster random sampling method in the first and second stage of non-probability, sampling method 384 persons were selected as research sample. The data-gathering tool in this study was based on expert opinions including 5 dimensions and 29 items. The social factors considered in this study include security, socio-cultural, economics, tourism services and advertising. University professors and experts in terms of content validity approved these questionnaires. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of cultural and social dimensions was 0. 94 for economic 0. 97 for security 0. 96 for quality of tourism services 0. 92 and 0. 94 for advertisement. To analyze data, descriptive statistics, chart, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of skewness and elongation test, T-test and SWARA and structural equation modeling were used. The results of T-test showed that the social factors studied in this study respectively security (30. 261), socio-cultural (28. 121), quality of tourism services (25. 759), economics (25. 433) and advertisement (20. 307) had a significant effect on the development of sport tourism in Lorestan province. Among all of these factors, security 30. 261 has obtained the first rank in effects of sport tourism development. According to the results of the structural equation modeling, the main research model had a good fit, according to which the conceptual model of sport tourism development with emphasis on social factors had the required optimality and fit. Also, all independent variables studied can predict sports tourism development variables in Lorestan province. So, it is concluded that authorities should focus on all social variables to design tourism development model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1810 - Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Static and Dynamic Balance in Children with Asperger's Autism
neda golsefid abedin golsephi hossein nazaryAbstractChildren with autism have difficulties such as impaired social interaction and communication skills, sensory processing, and impaired motor function and balance, which balance is one of the basic abilities of daily life. This study aimed to study the effect of w MoreAbstractChildren with autism have difficulties such as impaired social interaction and communication skills, sensory processing, and impaired motor function and balance, which balance is one of the basic abilities of daily life. This study aimed to study the effect of whole-body vibration on static and dynamic balance in children with Asperger's autism. The population of this quasi-experimental study was 20 juniors aged 8 to 10 years with Asperger's autism in Rasht city, who were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. These children took part in the whole-body vibration training program 3 sessions per week for 6 months. There were two balance tests to investigate balance disorders of the subjects before and after the training program. The flamingo test was used to measure static balance, and likewise, the heel-toe walking test was used to measure dynamic balance. The results of the independent t-test showed that the experimental group had a significant increase in static and dynamic balance compared to the control group (p<0.05). Intragroup changes showed that there was a significant difference between static and dynamic balances in the pre-test and posttest of the experimental group (p <0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the control group (p> 0.05). In conclusion, whole-body vibration training seems to affect static and dynamic balances, and children with autism can use this technique to improve their balance beneficially. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1811 - The Casual Relationship of Strategic Alliance, Human Resource Flexibility and Sources of Organizational Conflict with Competitive Advantages in the Sport Industry Products
bahman shahriary abbas khodayari ali zareeAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for causal relationship of strategic alliance, human resource flexibility, and sources of organizational conflict with competitive advantages in the industry of sports production. The method of MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for causal relationship of strategic alliance, human resource flexibility, and sources of organizational conflict with competitive advantages in the industry of sports production. The method of this study was descriptive causal, which was conducted by survey method. Participants in this study included 306 owners, managers, marketing managers, and sales managers of sports production units in Tehran city. For data collection, four questionnaires were used to get the specific data which were the Strategic Alliance (r=0.88), Competitive Advantage (r=0.88), Organizational Conflict Resources (r=0.89), and Human Resource Flexibility (r=0.86). After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, these questionnaires were distributed among the participants. In addition, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that strategic alliance significantly has a direct effect on the two components of human resource flexibility (0.27) and sources of organizational conflict (0.34). Moreover, organizational conflict resources significantly have a negative effect on human resource flexibility (-0.47). Furthermore, human resource flexibility has the greatest impact on competitive advantage (0.62). This coefficient is the sum of the indirect effects of strategic alliance and sources of organizational conflict, as well as the direct effect of human resource flexibility on competitive advantage. The following conclusion can be drawn from the present study that the management of the different companies of sports production enters the trade unions with full confidence, to take into account the issues within the organization, such as cost-effectiveness and time, which create a competitive advantage. Consequently, they can turn a competitive advantage from an impermanence competitive advantage to sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1812 - The Effect of Aerobic Exercises on AKT1/ PI3K Expression and Insulin Sensitivity in liver Hepatocyte of Obese Vistar Rats
مهدی کسب پرست سجاد ارشدی شهرام سهیلی عبدالعلی بنایی فرAbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercises on AKT1/ PI3K expression and Insulin sensitivity in liver Hepatocyte of obese Vistar rats. The statistical population consisted of all male Wistar rats of Baqiyatallah University MoreAbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercises on AKT1/ PI3K expression and Insulin sensitivity in liver Hepatocyte of obese Vistar rats. The statistical population consisted of all male Wistar rats of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in Iran. To create obesity, a high-fat diet was used for 8 weeks. 16 obese rat having similar condition were selected and randomly divided into 2 obese groups (control and aerobic exercise). To prepare a high-fat diet, 1% cholesterol powder and 1% pure corn oil were added to the standard diet of rats purchased from Parsdam Food Company. Rats in animal laboratory under controlled light conditions (12 hours light and 12 hours dark, start of lighting 6 pm and start of extinction 6 am and temperature 22 ± 3 ° C and humidity about 30 to 60%) were maintained. The use of a high-fat diet continued until the end of the study. The aerobic exercise program was performed for 6 weeks in 5 sessions per week with a gradual increase in speed (18 to 22 meters per minute) and time (10 to 55 minutes in the form of running on a treadmill). All rats 48 hours after the last training session were autopsied. The results showed that 6 weeks of aerobic training led to a significant reduction in fasting glucose in obese Wistar rats. On the other hand, it increased AKT1 / PI3K expression and insulin sensitivity in liver tissue of obese Wistar rats (P≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1813 - Qualitative Analysis of Encouraging Athletes to Purchase Iranian Sporting Goods: A Grounded Theory Study
mehdad namazi masuod emanzadeh mehrdad moharramzadehAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sp MoreAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods. In this study, which was a qualitative study, the data was obtained by relying on grounded theory and based on qualitative in-depth interviews with athletes of Ardabil province. The population included all the elite athletes of the province, who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball method, and 22 athletes were recruited as the statistical sample. The data were analyzed in three coding levels of open, axial, and selective. In the analysis of five concepts of causal conditions (five categories), intervening conditions (five categories), contextual conditions (five categories), strategies (six categories), and consequences (three categories), the Strauss and Corbin coding framework (2014) was used. In general, the results in the form of a qualitative model showed that according to the causal conditions and the requirement to encourage athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods, as well as considering the intervening conditions and the context of the study, these beliefs can be developed via some strategies such as combating the smuggling of sporting goods or improving the quality of domestically produced sporting goods. Overall, this study supports the idea that by increasing sports production in Iran, it is possible to boost the trade-in sporting goods, and by neutralizing economic sanctions and creating national solidarity, this trade can be supported to see a tendency in athletes under the title: Preferring to purchase domestic sporting goods, instead of foreign ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1814 - The Effect of Strategic Thinking on Organizational Prestige through the mediating role of Organizational Political Behavior of employees in the ministry of sports and youth
عرفانه صادقی نسب سید صلاح الدین نقشبندی مونا رضاییThe overall purpose of the present study was to mapping the effect of strategic thinking on organizational prestige through the mediating role of organizational political behavior of employees in Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research methodology is descriptive and MoreThe overall purpose of the present study was to mapping the effect of strategic thinking on organizational prestige through the mediating role of organizational political behavior of employees in Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research methodology is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N = 950). According to Cochran formula the sample size was estimated to be 330. Samples were randomly selected from statistical population. Three questionnaires of organizational political behaviors Kasmar and Carlsen (1997), organizational prestige questionnaire Sarmad et al (2011) and strategic thinking questionnaire Bashirbanaem (2011) were used to collect research data. Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 10 experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was also reported through Cronbach's alpha test which are organizational political behaviors (a=0/87), organizational prestige (a=0/77), and strategic thinking (a =0/86). To calculate data, SPSS software version 25 and Amos software version 23 were used. The results showed that the organizational political behaviors in relationship with the effect of the dimension of strategic thinkingon the organizational prestige of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth do not have a mediating role. It can be said that strategic thinking has a direct impact on organizational prestige. and, political behavior cannot act as mediator. It can be concluded from the results that if there are no political behaviors in an organization, the organization can use its forces and capitals for promoting the efficiency and effectiveness in the organization. Enhancing organizational prestige can bring good reputation among other organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1815 - Codification of Strategic land-use planning Concepts of Iranian football
جواد محمدی رسول نظریThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination MoreThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods coefficient initial questionnaire and open interviews and ratings were used for data collection and analysis. The research instrument was a self-made check list in which respondents were asked to indicate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the football List, while using geographic information system (GIS) to provide descriptive-analytic model, and part of the data in the software Arc - GIS was studied and analyzed. The overall result of this study showed that according to strategic land use planning of Iranian football, there is uneven distribution of sport places facilities and sport spaces for Iranian football. In addition, regarding the matrix positioning and strategic action, strategics approach of Iranian football is comparative. In order to balance the distribution of resources in the country, it seems that deep and creative special planning is needed to make balance in the factors affecting the Iranian football. On the order hand, it is essential to focus on the improvement of the synergy of sports activities of government and nongovernmental organization and private sectors which may ultimately lead to further success of Iranian football. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1816 - Prediction of readiness for organizational change through psychological capital in Physical Education Staff of Education departments in Tehran
mahnaz khakpour sara hajianzaei farideh ashrafganjoueiAbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict the readiness for organizational change of physical education staff in subordinate departments of the Education and Training Office of Tehran via psychological capital. The population was included of 200 staff in the Educ MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict the readiness for organizational change of physical education staff in subordinate departments of the Education and Training Office of Tehran via psychological capital. The population was included of 200 staff in the Education and Training Office of Tehran, of which 187 people were recruited by simple random sampling using the Krejcie-Morgan table. Readiness for Organizational Change for Halt et al. (2007) and Luttanz Psychological Capital (2007) Questionnaires were used for collecting data. The internal consistency of the questionnaires was obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82 and 0.86, respectively. The research data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS v.22 software and the Regression analysis approach. The results showed that all components of psychological capital, including self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience, predicted readiness for organizational change. Hence, in preparing for organizational change, the resilience component has effectively the most role, but in contrast, the optimism component has the least role. The current data highlight the importance of managers who are interested in the organizational advancement of their work through the readiness of employees for organizational change should pay attention to increasing the spirit of resilience, self-efficacy, hope, and optimism of the staff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1817 - Conceptual Framework Development for the Growth of the Economy of Iranian Premier League Clubs
mazaher zolfaghari zahra nobakht mehdi naderinasabAbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual framework for the growth of the economy of Persian Gulf Pro League clubs. This study was of a qualitative type and applied purpose. The population included two sections: managers, football club experts, unive MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual framework for the growth of the economy of Persian Gulf Pro League clubs. This study was of a qualitative type and applied purpose. The population included two sections: managers, football club experts, university lecturers, as well as scientific, documentary, and library resources. A sufficient number of statistical samples were purposefully sampled and consulted based on theoretical saturation (17 people and 46 documents). Conceptual coding and conceptual framing methods were used to analyze the findings. Research tools included a systematic library study and a semi-structured exploratory interview. The validity of the instrument was evaluated using descriptive qualitative methods. The presented analytical framework includes 16 general perspectives, which are: approaches to the development of national championship sports, social capital and club brand, club structure and ownership, club rules and system, transfer market, competitive conditions of leagues, strategic management of the club , Stakeholder Management, Marketing System, Financial Management System, Club Sports Performance, Talent Management System, Club Financing, Club Structural and System Improvement, Club Performance Improvement, and Sustainable Club Economic Development. The economic development of the Persian Gulf Pro League clubs have been established through the revision and reform of the executive policies of the championship events, particularly the rules of the club management system, transfer market, league competition structure, along with the implementation of strategic management system, talent management subsystems, stakeholder management, marketing management, financial management and executive management of the club will be improved. Then, this trend of change causes an improvement in the commercial and social proficiencies of the sports club, which, along with increasing the financial resources and the effectiveness of the club's financial management, has stabilized the club's economic situation in different conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1818 - The Effect of a Period of Selected Exercise on the Function of Static and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Teenager Girls
لیلا قادری قهفرخی فرناز ترابی آذر آقایاریAbstractThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A comb MoreAbstractThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods coefficient initial questionnaire and open interviews and ratings were used for data collection and analysis. The research instrument was a self-made check list in which respondents were asked to indicate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the football List, while using geographic information system (GIS) to provide descriptive-analytic model, and part of the data in the software Arc - GIS was studied and analyzed. The overall result of this study showed that according to strategic land use planning of Iranian football, there is uneven distribution of sport places facilities and sport spaces for Iranian football. In addition, regarding the matrix positioning and strategic action, strategics approach of Iranian football is comparative. In order to balance the distribution of resources in the country, it seems that deep and creative special planning is needed to make balance in the factors affecting the Iranian football. On the order hand, it is essential to focus on the improvement of the synergy of sports activities of government and nongovernmental organization and private sectors which may ultimately lead to further success of Iranian football. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1819 - Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Branding of the Iranian Football League
محمد ملکی سید عماد حسینی rasoul tarighiThe purpose of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the branding of the Iranian Football League. The statistical population in the qualitative part is experts who had scientific and managerial expertise in the field of sports management and in the quantita MoreThe purpose of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the branding of the Iranian Football League. The statistical population in the qualitative part is experts who had scientific and managerial expertise in the field of sports management and in the quantitative part includes managers and employees of the league organization - managers, supervisors, coaches, players and referees working in the national league organization. Twelve people in the qualitative section and 300 people in the quantitative section formed the statistical sample by the available method. 12subjects in the qualitative section and 300 subjects in the quantitative section formed the statistical sample by the accessible method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured that the results of this interview were used in the form of a questionnaire with 10 main factors in the quantitative part. In this study, for content validity from the point of view of experts and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) and for prioritization, Freidman test was used. The results of the Friedman test showed that the factors of hardware, international relations, planning, financial and marketing resources, rules and regulations, human resources, brand value, technology, technology and information, safety and security had the highest priority. Therefore, these factors can be used as a rational basis for branding the Iranian Football League. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1820 - The determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment
behnaz roshanravan hossein abdolmaleki syednemat khalifehAbstractSports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and en MoreAbstractSports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment. The research method was a descriptive - survey and the statistical population consisted of 253 residents around the Sports Complex. The instruments used in this study included the Environmental and Traffic Impact Questionnaire of Sultan Hosseini et al. (2014). This questionnaire has 14 questions and 2 components of the environmental impacts of sports areas and the traffic impacts of sports areas. Sultan-Hosseini et al. (2013) questionnaire is also used in the field of socio-economic impacts. This questionnaire has 16 questions and 2 components of economic and social impacts of sports facilities. The validity of the questionnaire is a content type and its reliability is calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 81%. A one-sample T-test were used to analyze the data from the questionnaires. The multidisciplinary Decision-Making Method is used to rank the effects of the evaluated components. This study has identified that social impacts significantly had the greatest effects on the urban environment of Karaj city (p<0.001). Moreover, the next two ranks are traffic effects and environmental effects, but there was no influence of the economic effects on the urban environment around the sports complex (p=0.11). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1821 - Designing a Training Strategy Map for Iranian Football Coaches with BSC and ISM Approaches
soumayeh emadi zohrab gohari gholamreza jabbariAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a training strategy map of Iranian football coaches with BSC and ISM approaches. The research method is descriptive and is fundamentally applicable. Data were collected by field and mixed methods of quantitative and qualit MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a training strategy map of Iranian football coaches with BSC and ISM approaches. The research method is descriptive and is fundamentally applicable. Data were collected by field and mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative. The population of the study included the officials and experts of the training departments of the Football Federation and its subordinate departments in the provinces and sports experts, equal to 55 individuals and in the quality section, 12 staff. Due to the limited number of members, the statistical sample was equal to its population. According to the data and opinions of experts in the meeting of the Strategic Council of the Football Federation Training Department, 12 strategic goals were determined, and then BSC and Structural Self-Interaction Scale questionnaires were used. BSC method was used for strategic map design and ISM and MICMAC analysis were used to structure goals. The findings showed how the goals were linked at five levels and four perspectives of growth and learning, internal processes, productivity, and professionalization. The findings also indicated that the goals of development and empowerment of coaching instructors, targeted development of congresses and training courses, and increased research and development at the underlying level of the interpretive structural model were in the perspective of growth and learning. Therefore, the authorities of the football federation system should prioritize the streamlining and realization of the goals of the model rule. It can be acknowledged that this plan will facilitate the implementation of goals to achieve the development of the country’s football coaching career. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1822 - The Effect of Attention focus Based on the balance and Accuracy in Abdoliochagi on the Girl's e-hogu Taekwondo
مهرو کمرانی نجفآبادی پژمان احمدی ناهید صادقیThe role of attention in the performance of athletes is important in theory and practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of internal focus of attention based on balance and external focus of attention based on the accuracy of the Abdoliochagi in MoreThe role of attention in the performance of athletes is important in theory and practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of internal focus of attention based on balance and external focus of attention based on the accuracy of the Abdoliochagi in scoring from the e-hogu of girls of Taekwondo. The research design was pre-test and post-test with control group. The participants in this study were 45 female athletes from the age group of 10-14 having the red belt. After the pretest, participants were randomly divided into three group balance, accuracy, and control. The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the adjusted mean scores of the Abdoliochagi Impact Score of the attention-focused group, the balance-based and non-focused attention group. Therefore, the focus of attention based on accuracy and balance did not have a significant effect on the scores obtained from the Abdoliochagi Impact. According to the results of this study, it is recommended that coaches during training and competitions do not emphasize on the focus of the athlete's inner attention on the balance and the focus of the external attention on the accuracy of the strikes in order to score points from the opponent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1823 - Identifing the Behavioral Factors Involved in Increasing Students’ Participation in Recreational Sport Activities at Islamic Azad University
هادی عبداللهی فر علی محمد صفانیا مهدی نمازی زاده شیوا آزادفداFinding the appropriate solutions for attracting students in active participating in recreational sports and to ensure their health needs a good command in knowing the effective factors in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors MoreFinding the appropriate solutions for attracting students in active participating in recreational sports and to ensure their health needs a good command in knowing the effective factors in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors involved in increasing students’ participation in recreational sport activities at the university. This research has an applied orientation and is a mixed research in which is exploratory from qualitative point of view and is a survey research from quantitative view point.The statistical population of the qualitative section consisted of managers and faculty members related to the research subject, 22 of whom were selected by purposive quota sampling method. The statistical population of the quantitative section was the educational managers of the Azad University units including 381 persons. According to the condition of sufficient sample size for factor analysis, 200 were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection method is the quantitative section, Libraries and semi – structured interviewed based on saturation in data collection, and at the quantitative stage a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was performed to confirm the questionnaire by experts. Delphi method was used for qualitative analysis of research variables and factorial analysis and confirmatory factorial analysis then the goodness of fit indices and Freedman was used in SPSS and LISREL soft wares. The results revealed that behavioral factors influencing students' participation in university leisure activities can be classified into three structural, interactive (interpersonal) and individual components. These results can help the officials formulate sports university strategies and policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1824 - The Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance and Agility with Mediating Role of Intellectual Capital in the Staff of Physical Education Faculties in Tehran City
abbas vahabi majeid solimani adel afkarAbstractAchieving strategic human resource management is necessary to respond effectively to environmental changes and gain a competitive advantage in physical education faculties. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of strategic human resource management MoreAbstractAchieving strategic human resource management is necessary to respond effectively to environmental changes and gain a competitive advantage in physical education faculties. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of strategic human resource management on organizational performance and agility with the mediating role of intellectual capital in the staff of Physical Education faculties in Tehran city. This research purpose was practical and a survey research method by structural equating has been used. The population of the study includes 344 male and female staff of physical education faculties, which sample size was estimated by stratified sampling method and using proportional allocation according to Cochran's formula. For data collection, four standard questionnaires of strategic human resource management (2006), Bontis (1996) intellectual capital questionnaire, Sharifi and Zhang (2001) organizational agility questionnaire, and Yang (2004) organizational performance questionnaire were used. Research data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS statistical v.21 software. In the staff of physical education faculties in Tehran city, the four variables of strategic human resource management, intellectual capital, organizational performance, and organizational agility possess worthwhile situations. Furthermore, strategic human resource management significantly impacts organizational performance, intellectual capital, and organizational agility. In addition, intellectual capital significantly affects organizational performance, organizational agility, and also, organizational agility has a significant effect on organizational performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1825 - Validation of the green curriculum model for primary schools
mahbobeh solimanpouromran afsaneh ahmadi moghadamKeywords:, template Curriculum, Green Curriculum, Students, second elementary school.Keywords:, template Curriculum, Green Curriculum, Students, second elementary school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1826 - The reasons for the hegemony of West conflict among Iranian intellectuals, 40s and 50s Abstract
Mohammad Sohrabi abas salehiWest conflict is one of the most important approaches in the eyes of Iranians to the West in the contemporary era and gradually developed into a dominant discourse has become. Attitude pessimistic to the West in the 40s and 50 of the district social forces opposed to th MoreWest conflict is one of the most important approaches in the eyes of Iranians to the West in the contemporary era and gradually developed into a dominant discourse has become. Attitude pessimistic to the West in the 40s and 50 of the district social forces opposed to the status quo, especially intellectuals and the elite national and religious in the form of a Rvaytprdazy difference with the West to life metaphorical continued for a discourse against power, reproduction and grounds were Ghrbstyzy discourse. A review of the political phenomena, their analysis is based on discourse analysis. This article first examines the reasons for anti-hegemonic discourse among intellectuals in the West 40 and 50 According to Laclau and Mouffe as one of the most important and richest theories in the field of discourse analysis. This article attempts to reason Ghrbstyzy hegemonic discourse among intellectuals decade of 40 and 50. According to Laclau and Mouffe as one of the most important and richest examine theories in the field of discourse analysis. The main question is Mouff According to Laclau articulation of concepts, processes and deploy identity discourse in the 40s and 50s Ghrbstyzy How did it happen? Basic assumption is that according to nativism, Islamic fundamentalism and Iranian historical skepticism in the West, against the forces of the status quo had a direct impact on the spread of West conflict in Iran. Accordingly Islamism and nativism as the main evidence Ghrbstyzy discourse and concepts and other things around it have been articulated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1827 - Investigating the factors affecting on collective protest actions in Iran (2017 and 2009)
saeedeh esmaeelzadeh ashiniThe present research aims to provide a relatively accurate picture of the causes, topics, characteristics, achievements and problems by systematically reviewing the studies related to mass protests in Iran in 2018 and 2018 and by aggregating the results of scattered res MoreThe present research aims to provide a relatively accurate picture of the causes, topics, characteristics, achievements and problems by systematically reviewing the studies related to mass protests in Iran in 2018 and 2018 and by aggregating the results of scattered researches and by achieving a new perspective. These researches give. For this purpose, in this research, taking into account practical possibilities and time limitations, 60 cases (30 studies related to the protests of 1988 and 30 studies related to the protests of 1996) of the existing works between 1388 and 1400 were examined and the necessary information, extracted and analyzed. The obtained results show that in the collection of scientific works related to the protests of 2018, political causes have been given more attention than other causes, and the economic factor has been given less attention than other factors. In general, most of the authors have paid more attention to internal variables and socio-political factors. In the collection of scientific works related to the protests of 2016, social causes have received more attention than other causes, and the cultural factor has received less attention than other factors, and most of the analysts have paid more attention to internal variables and socio-economic factors. In the studies related to collective protest action in 1996 compared to 1988, we see a shift from socio-political factors to socio-economic factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1828 - War to necessi of survival threat and no US military strike against Iran
مرتضی نجم آبادی رامین بخشی احسان زرنگارAbstract: After the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, led by Imam Khomeini, in the year 57, Iran has become a power of revisionism, which has always sought to change the order in the region and elsewhere in the world. Including shortening the hands of the trans MoreAbstract: After the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, led by Imam Khomeini, in the year 57, Iran has become a power of revisionism, which has always sought to change the order in the region and elsewhere in the world. Including shortening the hands of the trans-regional imperialist powers such as the United States in the Middle East, issuing a revolution to the region and the world with Islamic claims, as well as supporting the oppressed and Muslim nations against global arrogance. With these interpretations, the United States has always threatened Iran with military strikes due to its domestic and regional policies and practices. But several times after the massive propaganda campaign against Iran, a military strike against Iran has been eliminated. In this paper, we try to answer the question of why the United States did not carry out the attack after repeatedly threatened Iran with a military strike؟ The hypothesis in response to this question is that major powers, including the United States, are once fighting for a war whose survival is at stake or the war is the last possible solution. Therefore, Iran is not a threat to the survival of the United States and has other solutions to contain Iran, so it does not need to go to war. The type of research is descriptive-analytic and the method of collecting library information and according to the documents and evidence available. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1829 - The Role of Identity in the Relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia From 2005 to 2018 with emphasis on constructivism theory
Mehdi Shirazian Garineh Keshishyan SirakiThe Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are important countries in the turbulent Middle East region. The fields of conflict and conflict in the two countries' relations go back to the past decades. But in the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution, and especially in MoreThe Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are important countries in the turbulent Middle East region. The fields of conflict and conflict in the two countries' relations go back to the past decades. But in the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution, and especially in the last decade, the pattern of identity-based conflict has been ruled by the two countries. The critical centers of crisis in the two countries' relations lie in the conservative Wahhabi-Salafi-Arab conservative identity on the one hand and Iran's revolutionary-Shiite identity on the other. Identity has shaped the interests and security structure of the two countries in relation to each other. In Iranian-Saudi relations, along with other subjective factors such as culture, ideology, and objective factors such as geopolitical competition, energy, and identity, it is important. The role of the structure of the international system and the policies of the great powers in intensifying the identity conflicts between the two countries are also prominent. The research method in this study is qualitative in nature and in terms of fundamental and descriptive methods. This study, with the theoretical framework of constructivism, shows that the lack of a shared identity as a critical focus of the crisis lies in the two countries' relations and is an identity conflict that exacerbates and perpetuates other sources of tension and inequality between the two countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1830 - The effect of psychological development on the quality of public policy
meysam esmaeelzadeh Ali AshrafNazarian reza rostami seyed mostafa abtahiThis article deals with the place of psychological development in Iran's public policy. The necessity of this issue is because the explanation of a series of psychological factors will determine the reasons for the realization of development policy. The purpose is to ex MoreThis article deals with the place of psychological development in Iran's public policy. The necessity of this issue is because the explanation of a series of psychological factors will determine the reasons for the realization of development policy. The purpose is to explain the indicators of psychological development and in the general policy of development. In the importance of the present discussion, it should be said that value, belief, norm, behavior and rationality play a fundamental role in examining the results of the public policy process in Iran. The question here is what is the place of psychological development in public policy making? The hypothesis states that psychological development by institutionalizing indicators such as value, belief, norm, behavior and rationality in Iran can lead to sustainable development of the country. The theoretical framework, inspired by the theories of psychological renewal, seeks to consolidate the proof of the hypothesis. Therefore, with the help of descriptive and analytical method, the desired indicators have been explained. The results showed that the development of psychological indicators and good governance lead to the realization of general development policies in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1831 - The effect of various plant density on the competitiveness of corn with natural population of weeds
عبدالنور چعب محمد حسين قرينهIn order to study the effects of increasing corn plant density on competitive ability of corn with natural weed population in Khuzestan climate, a Randomized Complete Block design with four replications was conducted in the experimental field station at Ramin Agricultu MoreIn order to study the effects of increasing corn plant density on competitive ability of corn with natural weed population in Khuzestan climate, a Randomized Complete Block design with four replications was conducted in the experimental field station at Ramin Agricultural and Natural resources, Mollasani university of Ahwaz. Treatments included pure stands of corn at three density ( 40000, 70000 and 100000 plants ha) and weed interference period to v9 and v13 in any of plant density ( 40000, 70000 and 100000 plant ha ). Also another additional treatment was adopted as weed-interference during the growth season with density of 70000 plant ha. Results showed that there was significant difference between the studied characters, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, grain number per ear, and row number per ear, grain number per row and 1000-kernel weight among treatments. The studied characters were severely reduced by increasing the duration of weed interference after corn emergence. In addition, results showed that with corn plant increasing density, corn plants tolerated the presence of weeds until v9 stage with approximately 6-15% in yield loss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1832 - Artificial intelligence and its impact on cyber security and data
امیررضا محمودی Maryam BahrekazemiArtificial intelligence and its impact on cyber security and data protection Abstract Artificial intelligence has emerged as a key component of cybersecurity due to its ability to assess security threats in real-time and take appropriate action. AI is now more influen MoreArtificial intelligence and its impact on cyber security and data protection Abstract Artificial intelligence has emerged as a key component of cybersecurity due to its ability to assess security threats in real-time and take appropriate action. AI is now more influential in identifying and stopping attacks that keep businesses on the cutting edge. Identifying and preventing threats is the main focus of the role of artificial intelligence in cyber security. If cyber attacks and attacks are carried out using artificial intelligence algorithms, defense against them requires more advanced technologies, and using them to collect and analyze data may lead to the violation of users' privacy. It may also in some cases not be able to correctly predict how a cyber attack will be carried out, which can lead to a decrease in cyber security.Research on improving the capabilities of artificial intelligence to detect and prevent cyber attacks, identify suspicious patterns and behaviors, and implement effective security measures can create significant improvements in cyber security. Also, examining data analysis in order to identify unusual patterns and behaviors of users. It can help in the early detection of cyber attacks and their prevention, and promoting the use of advanced encryption technologies to protect data and prevent unauthorized access to them can make significant improvements in cyber security.One of the main findings from the research on the impact of artificial intelligence on increasing cyber security and data protection is that the use of artificial intelligence can provide significant improvements in the detection, prevention and management of cyber attacks through big data analysis, identifying suspicious patterns, and implementing security measures. Automating and improving intrusion detection systems can provide significant improvements in cybersecurity and help reduce security risks online. Keywords: artificial intelligence, cyber security, data protection, threat detection Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1833 - Watching Film Through Literary Theories: A Structuralist Reading of Rocky, Kickboxer, Kill Bill I & II, and Southpaw Movies
Zeinab NasiripourAbstract Structuralist film theory focuses on how the meaning is conveyed through films, while the significance originates from the elements lying in the "system" or "structure" of a movie. Tzvetan Todorov introduced his narrative theory consisting of five main steps: MoreAbstract Structuralist film theory focuses on how the meaning is conveyed through films, while the significance originates from the elements lying in the "system" or "structure" of a movie. Tzvetan Todorov introduced his narrative theory consisting of five main steps: equilibrium (happy beginning), a disruption (a problem comes up), realization (chaos), restored order (repair the damage), and equilibrium again (normality). As Scholes noted the study of literature must involve the study of the communicative process in general—or semiotics—and in particular the development of the codes that govern the production and interpretation of the major kinds of literature, and the subcodes that inform the various genres that have developed in the course of literary history. This paper aims to investigate the narrative module, and the structure of action films finding some of the verbal and non-verbal codes according to Tzvetan Todorov’s Theory in Rocky, Kickboxer, Kill Bill I & II, and Southpaw movies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1834 - The effect educational entrepreneurship training of teachers on student's entrepreneurship in the secondary school
Mozhgan Abdolahi Samira Rahmati Fatemeh Parasteh -
Open Access Article
1835 - Designing an entrepreneurship education model for the success of small and medium businesses
ali Shabani Kalate Molla Mohammadgholi Fereydoon azma parviz saeidi Tayebeh tajariThe main objective of this research is providing an entrepreneurship education model for small and medium-sized businesses. To this end, the dimensions and indicators were identified and the initial model was developed by examining the models and theories related to the MoreThe main objective of this research is providing an entrepreneurship education model for small and medium-sized businesses. To this end, the dimensions and indicators were identified and the initial model was developed by examining the models and theories related to the factors affecting the creation of entrepreneurship and exploratory interview with some experts. Then, the Delphi panel consisting of 20 experts was formed. The questionnaires were distributed and their opinions were analyzed. The result showed that entrepreneurship education for small and medium enterprises consists of the skill dimensions of IT, technical, entrepreneurial, and management. These dimensions consist of 47 indicators. Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained equal to 0.89 using SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha. Express Choice Software was used to determine the priority of each of the dimensions and indicators of the paired comparison technique. The results showed that entrepreneurial skills play the most important role in creating small and medium-sized businesses. In order to determine the effectiveness of the model, 384 samples were selected from the graduates and the final questionnaire was provided to them. In this case, the difference between the scores before and after training was considered as a dependent variable. Using SPSS software and multiple regression analysis, the positive relationship of entrepreneurship education was confirmed with IT, technical, entrepreneurship, and management skills. The results of modeling with Amos software also showed a positive and significant relationship between skills and entrepreneurship education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1836 - Investigating the Relationship between Time Management and Conflict Management with Job Stress (Case Study of School Principals in District 1 of Kermanshah)
faranak mosavi akram marzbani -
Open Access Article
1837 - Designing of the Participatory Decision Making Model of Senior High School teachers of the Lorestan Province Eeucation
Seyed Ali Mohammad Mokhtari Ebrahim Pourhossini Moslem Ghobadian -
Open Access Article
1838 - Localization of knowledge management categories based on the basic model of knowledge building In the artistic field of the Islamic Propaganda Organization
mahnaz khodadad fahomeh babolhavaeji Esmat Momeni n adjla haririObjective: Localization of knowledge management categories based on the basic model of knowledge building includes the following: Objectives, identification, acquisition, development, sharing, maintenance, use and evaluation of knowledge in the artistic field of the Isl MoreObjective: Localization of knowledge management categories based on the basic model of knowledge building includes the following: Objectives, identification, acquisition, development, sharing, maintenance, use and evaluation of knowledge in the artistic field of the Islamic Propagation Organization. Research method: The research method was qualitatively based on the Delphi approach. The research population consisted of 21 knowledge experts and senior managers of the organization. The research data collection tool was a questionnaire based on a five-choice liquor spectrum, with a very small to very large scale. This method has been used to determine knowledge management indicators based on the model of knowledge building with the help of experts. The statistical population of this research in the Delphi section is made up of experts who are aware of the subject who were 21 experts including managers and people with artistic degrees in the field of art of the Islamic Propagation Organization. Purposeful and judgmental sampling method was used to perform the Delphi process. Findings: Since Kendall coefficient represents a measure of consensus of Delphi panel members, the findings show that knowledge identification category with a coefficient of 0.75, knowledge acquisition category with a coefficient of 0.1, knowledge protection category indicator with a coefficient of 1 with strong consensus, the category of knowledge development with a coefficient of 0.65 with a strong consensus, the category of knowledge measurement with a coefficient of 0.52 and the category of knowledge use with a coefficient of 0.55 with a medium consensus, the category of knowledge objectives with a coefficient of 0.33, and the category of knowledge distribution with a coefficient of 0/35 were consolidated and localized with weak consensus. Conclusion: In the category of knowledge distribution, the indicator of support for rules and regulations with an average of 9.4 is more important and in the category of objectives under the categories of determining the level and capacity of knowledge, determining goals and culture of knowledge, determining strategic goals of knowledge to describe and increasing the capacity of the need for future knowledge, the operational goals of knowledge in order to act the normalized knowledge of strategic knowledge with an average of 4.2 percent is of greater importance. Therefore, these subcategories need more attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1839 - Investigating the relationship between participatory management and managers' effectiveness in second secondary schools in Kermanshah
faranak sadat moosavi tayebeh heyraniAbstractToday, among the powerful forces governing organizations and institutions, participation is one of the life-giving factors, dynamism, freshness and productivity in organizations, which by creating organizational network connections and using collective thought a MoreAbstractToday, among the powerful forces governing organizations and institutions, participation is one of the life-giving factors, dynamism, freshness and productivity in organizations, which by creating organizational network connections and using collective thought and action causes the organization to move favorably. to move from the current state to the desired state. Education is the only means of access to stronger technology, growth, development and progress, and paying attention to its quantity and quality is one of the factors involved in the continuation and acceleration of the development of society in economic, social, cultural and political dimensions, and of course its management and administration. Participatory management means participation of the right people, at the right time and for the right work. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between participatory management and effectiveness among the principals of second secondary schools in Kermanshah. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research consists of all principals working in the first secondary schools of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 1402-1401 (167 people) using Morgan's table, 115 people were selected as the sample size by simple random method. The questionnaires used in this research are participatory management questionnaires that include 16 items and measure the subscales of goal setting, organization, leadership and control. Also, to measure the effectiveness of schools, a questionnaire containing 32 items based on the Parsons model was used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the management dimensions of goal setting, organization, leadership and control with effectiveness.Keywords: effectiveness, management, control, schools, Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1840 - The Ability to Explain the Effectiveness of Education Organizations By the Components of Organizational Intelligence and their Prioritization
Marziyeh Ahmadpour ramezan jahanian parisa irannejadAbstractOrganizational intelligence is a new concept in the field of organizational literature and management that includes all the intellectual capacities of the organization's employees. The success of any organization in achieving its goals is guaranteed by intellige MoreAbstractOrganizational intelligence is a new concept in the field of organizational literature and management that includes all the intellectual capacities of the organization's employees. The success of any organization in achieving its goals is guaranteed by intelligent human resources. Education organizations also need highly intelligent organizational staff to achieve their goals (organizational effectiveness). The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of educational organizations by the components of organizational intelligence. The statistical population includes all education staff in the district of Tehran, 82 of whom have been selected based on Cochran's formula by systematic random sampling. The research method is descriptive-correlational and based on the objectives is an applied research. The measuring instrument is the standard Albrecht organizational intelligence questionnaire with 49 items and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.98 and the researcher-made organizational effectiveness questionnaire by Hamidi with 20 items and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.96, the validity of which has been confirmed by technical professors. Data were analyzed at the level of descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and at the level of inferential statistics using SPSS software through Kalmogorov-Smirnov test, univariate regression analysis and Friedman rank test.Findings show that all components of organizational intelligence are able to predict the effectiveness of education organizations. Of course, among the components of organizational intelligence, the component of morale has the lowest share of correlation with organizational effectiveness and has the least predictive power. Also, according to the findings of Friedman rank test, the morale component with the highest average rank is in the first priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1841 - Designing Framework for Policy Making whit Business Intelligence Approach in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology: Using the Grounded Theory
hassan lotfi پریوش جعفری حمیدرضا آراسته -
Open Access Article
1842 - The Relationship Professional Ethies and Organizational Health with Effectiveness Staffs in Fars Central Education and Training Organization
Mojghan Amirianzadeh Hossein Mohamadpoor Abstract This study aims to explain the relationship between professional ethics and organizational health and effectiveness of employers of department of education of Fars province which has been performed by correlation method. The statistical society of this s More Abstract This study aims to explain the relationship between professional ethics and organizational health and effectiveness of employers of department of education of Fars province which has been performed by correlation method. The statistical society of this study contains 300 employers, both men and women of department of education of Fars province in 2014-2015 years (93-94) which from them, the statistical sample consisted of 169 employees were selected with random classification method. The tool study involves three standard questionnaire which are effectiveness of Serjivani et al, organizational health questionnaire of Hoy et al., and professional ethics questionnaire of Kadozir. For analyzing data used from the test, Pearson correlation, multiple regression methods. The results based on basic theory of study, show that there is a significant relationship between professional ethics and organizational health and effectiveness of employers. Research findings present a positive and significant relationship between professional ethics and effectiveness of employees, as well as positive and significant relationship between organizational health and effectiveness of employees. Also, the results of study show that professional ethics is significantly able to predict the effectiveness of employee and organizational health is significantly able to predict the effectiveness of employees. In prediction of the effectiveness of employees from organizational health and professional ethics, the more strong predictor for effectiveness are aspects of academic emphasis, observance, influence of manager Institutional unity from organizational health variable and sense of responsibility, competition and excellency, sympathy, respect, observance of the norms from professional ethics variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1843 - Effective Leadership among Islamic Azad University Managers
Fatteh NazemAbstractThe main purpose of the present study was to do a survey the effective leadershipamong Islamic Azad university (IAU) managers. The population consisted of all theIAU managers in different IAU zones. Using cluster random sampling, 558managers were selected. A res MoreAbstractThe main purpose of the present study was to do a survey the effective leadershipamong Islamic Azad university (IAU) managers. The population consisted of all theIAU managers in different IAU zones. Using cluster random sampling, 558managers were selected. A researcher-made Questionnaire of Effective Leadershipwas administered on the employees. The results of one-way ANOVA and LSDfollow-up test analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship betweenIAU managers’ effective leadership regarding the zones of the university. Also, themean score of the managers’ effective leadership in zone 3 was higher than zone 10,zone 8 higher than zones 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, and 12, zone 9 was higher than 6 and 10,and finally zone 11 was shown to have higher mean score than zones 6 and 10. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1844 - The Relationship between Organizational Structure with Organizational Effectiveness and Empowerment of Employees in Different Regions of Ministry of Education in Shiraz
Ebadolah Ahmadi Majid Barzegar Mohammadamin Ezadi Abstract The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between organizational structure, with organizational effectiveness, and the empowerment of the employees of the ministry of education in different regions of Shiraz city. The rese More Abstract The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between organizational structure, with organizational effectiveness, and the empowerment of the employees of the ministry of education in different regions of Shiraz city. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The population included staff members of four units of the education office in Shiraz, and employees of regions 1 and 4 were selected randomly from the population. To determine the sample, 141 subjects were selected through stratified random sampling. For data analysis, mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation for inferential statistics. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between organization structure and dimensions of organizational effectiveness. There was also a significant relationship between the organizational effectiveness and different dimensions of empowerment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1845 - The Obstacles of Faculty Member Development in Islamic Azad University
Mostafa Edjtehadi Nadergholi Ghorchian Parivash Jaafari Hamid ShafizadehAbstract Faculty members are the most important capital in universities and higher education institutes, and investment in development programs and upgrading them is so important. The goal of the study is to study obstacles of the faculty members' development in Islami MoreAbstract Faculty members are the most important capital in universities and higher education institutes, and investment in development programs and upgrading them is so important. The goal of the study is to study obstacles of the faculty members' development in Islamic Azad University. It is a descriptive survey research and the instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. The population consisted of all full time faculty members of IAU in regions 8 &12. Using stratified random sampling method, 360 of them were selected. The content validity of the research instrument was confirmed by a group of experts in the field. Cronbach alpha is used for determining the reliability of the questionnaire )α=0.81). Data analysis was conducted by means of SPSS software program (version 11.5). The results show that out of 13 obstacles of faculty member improvement, 8 obstacles were higher than middle average. Friedman test results show that the most important obstacles consist of ignoring faculty members' needs and preferences, lake of enough support from university managers, non-arbitrariness of programs and lake of necessary motivations and encouragement. Investigating demographic variables shows that there are no meaningful relation between variables (gender, faculty members work experience, scientific level and the course) and obstacles of faculty member improvement. Finally, a number of suggestions were presented in order to improve efficiency of faculty member's improving programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1846 - A Comparative Study on the Teachers' Communication Efficiency in Different Educational Levels of Girl Schools in Kerman City and Its Related Personal and Mental Factors
Afsaneh Nikoobakhat Hamidreza Alavi Marzieh Yarizanganeh Mahdieh Zahir Salehi -
Open Access Article
1847 - The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Entrepreneurship among MA Students
Asghar Moshabbaki Mohammadi Mehdi Ali tabarbaee Zahra Shayganfard Abstract: The aim of this study is verifying the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneur- ship among MA students of management in Islamic Azad University Mazandaran. Based on Krejcie & Morgan's sampling size table, we select More Abstract: The aim of this study is verifying the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneur- ship among MA students of management in Islamic Azad University Mazandaran. Based on Krejcie & Morgan's sampling size table, we selected 66 out of 80 students as sample group which finally ended up with 60 due to the missing data collected. In this study, we used Bar-On Emotional Intelligence questionnaire and Scarborough & Zimmerer's entrepreneurship questionnaire. The results indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between any one of the four components of emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship. The coefficients of correlation are respectively r=0.359 r=0.374 r=0.333 r=0.389 with p>0.01. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1848 - Construct and finding factors of team working leadership questionnaire in high school female students
Khadijeh Abolmaali Motahareh YaghobiAbstract The purpose of this study was to construct and finding factors of team working leadership questionnaire in high school female students. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty female students from first to third grade, in Shahid Motahari School in district 12 MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to construct and finding factors of team working leadership questionnaire in high school female students. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty female students from first to third grade, in Shahid Motahari School in district 12 of Tehran in 1394 were selected randomly. Team working Leadership questionnaire based on balanced roles, , definite goals, inter group relationship, intra group relationships, leadership, cooperation, trust and support, commitment and responsibility, consulting, integration, develop of personal capability, collaborative decision making, and regular review of matters was made. Participants completed the questionnaire of team working leadership. Results: Exploratory factor analysis with principal components analysis identified four factors: the climate (8 items), leadership in team (with5 items), support (with 6 items) and shared decision making in team (with 5 items). The contribution of each factor identified in the total variance was 674/12, 502/11, 379/11 and 148/10, respectively. The components of internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 741/0, 735/0, 693/0 and 662/0, respectively, which represents an acceptable internal consistency of extracted factors. . Conclusion This questionnaire was made for measuring of team working leadership in students. Based on this questionnaire could be identify strength and weakness of using team working leadership. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1849 - The Availability of Necessary Context for Developing Creativity among Librarians in Kohkiloye and Boyerahmad Province Based on the Oldham Model
Razieh Darabi Arokhlo Mohammad Rahim Rasouli Azad Zahed Bigdeli Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the availability of the necessary context to develop creativity among librarians in public libraries of Kohkiloye and Boyerahmad province based on Oldham Model. The study also provides solutions for the d More Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the availability of the necessary context to develop creativity among librarians in public libraries of Kohkiloye and Boyerahmad province based on Oldham Model. The study also provides solutions for the development and growth of creativity in them. Measuring research method and data collection tools of questionnaire are based on the Oldham's model of creative ideas. The population was included all librarians of public libraries of Kohkiloye and Boyerahmad province who were all selected as members of the sample (82 persons). The data provided by research were analyzed by the way of descriptive statistics. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 16 software. To carry out statistical analyses, one-sample t-test and the Spearman's correlation test were used. Based on findings of research, the positive spiritual and mental status under the influence of work context and tendency to supplying and sharing creative ideas were average with mean index of 2.92 and 3.01 respectively and there weren’t significant difference. But the positive spiritual and mental status affected by non-working contexts with the mean of 3.66 , the individual differences in terms of employment with the mean of 3.88, the individual differences in terms of employment with the mean of 3.29 were higher than medium and there were significant difference. Also, the results showed that the underlying context for developing creativity among librarians in public libraries of Kohkiloye and Boyerahmad province with the mean index of 3.23 was higher than average and there was significant difference Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1850 - Manager’s authentic leadership role in job attachment primary school teachers in Hamadan
siros ghanbari Elham pakizehAbstract The present study investigates the role of authentic leadership manager’s job attachment primary school teachers in the city of Hamedan. The tool used to measure the authentic leadership of the questionnaire Olive et al. (2007) and to measure MoreAbstract The present study investigates the role of authentic leadership manager’s job attachment primary school teachers in the city of Hamedan. The tool used to measure the authentic leadership of the questionnaire Olive et al. (2007) and to measure job involvement Prshnamh Kanungu (1982) used statistical methods used Pearson correlation coefficient is regression. The results showed that the use of authentic leadership style among elementary school principals is higher than average. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1851 - The Relationship between Learning Style, Personality Traits, and Problem-Solving Styles
Mehrdad Akbari Abdollah MotamediAbstract: The present study investigated the relationship between learning style, personality traits, and problem-solving styles in state-run and private universities in Khouzestan Province. 300 students were selected through a multi-phase random method. Three questionn MoreAbstract: The present study investigated the relationship between learning style, personality traits, and problem-solving styles in state-run and private universities in Khouzestan Province. 300 students were selected through a multi-phase random method. Three questionnaires, Kolb's list of learning styles, Neo's Personality Test (FFI-NEO), and Adolescent - Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (A-Cope) were administered. To examine the research hypotheses, MANOVA, post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation were used. The results showed that there is not a significant difference between people with accommodating and converging styles regarding psychopathic behaviors. Also, there is a significant difference between students with converging and diverging learning styles, on the one hand, and those with assimilating and accommodating styles, on the other hand. Findings also indicated that there is a significant difference between problem-solving styles among students with accommodating and converging learning style. The ultimate result of the study showed a significant relationship between problem-solving styles and personality traits in the way that those with psychopathic behaviors use unhealthy ways of solving problems and those with diverging and assimilating styles use healthy ways to solve the problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1852 - The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Time Management among the Mangers of IAU to Present an Appropriate Model for Time Management Based on Their Emotional Intelligence
Fattah Nazem Mohammad Javad Ghaed MohammadiAbstractThe purpose of present research was to study the relationship between emotionalintelligence and time management among the Islamic Azad University (IAU)managers to present an appropriate model for time management based on theiremotional intelligence. The populati MoreAbstractThe purpose of present research was to study the relationship between emotionalintelligence and time management among the Islamic Azad University (IAU)managers to present an appropriate model for time management based on theiremotional intelligence. The population of the study consisted of all the IAUmanagers out of whom 554 were selected as sample applying cluster randomsampling. The research instruments were Cyberia - Shrink Emotional IntelligenceTest and a researcher-made questionnaire of time management. The result of linearmultivariate regression indicated that 1) There was a relationship between emotionalintelligence and time management, 2) time management model based on themanagers’ emotional intelligence was as follows:Time Management = 1.017 + 0.26 × self-awareness + 0.017 × Self-motivation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1853 - Thinking Style of the Managers and Its Componenets in Islamic Azad University
Fattah NazemAbstract The main purpose of the present study is to investigate thinking style and its components among the managers in Islamic Azad University. The population included all the managers in Islamic Azad Universiy out of which 540 were selec MoreAbstract The main purpose of the present study is to investigate thinking style and its components among the managers in Islamic Azad University. The population included all the managers in Islamic Azad Universiy out of which 540 were selected applying stratified random sampling. To collect data, Sternberg’s thinking style questionnaire was administered . One – way ANOVA and LSD test indicate that there is a meaningful difference between thinking styles of the managers in different districts of the university in Iran.Also, there is a significant difference between legislative style, executive style, and introversion as components of thinking style in different districts.Moreover, no significant difference was traced between judicial style, visionary and detailed thinking, and introversion in different districts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1854 - Organizational Commitment and Its Components among IAU Managers
Fattah Nazem Mohammad Javad Ghaed MohammadiAbstract This study aimed primarily at the organizational commitment and its components among Managers in Islamic Azad University (IAU). Out of all the IAU managers, 540 were selected using stratified random sampling method. Allen & Meyer (1990) Organizational Comm MoreAbstract This study aimed primarily at the organizational commitment and its components among Managers in Islamic Azad University (IAU). Out of all the IAU managers, 540 were selected using stratified random sampling method. Allen & Meyer (1990) Organizational Commitment Scale was administered to all members of the sample. The results of one-way ANOVA and Fisher’s protected LSD test indicates that 1)there is a significant difference between mean score of the managers’ organizational commitment in different IAU districts in Iran, 2) there is a significant difference between the scores of the managers’ affective commitment, as one of the aspects of organizational commitment, in different IAU districts, 3) no significant difference is traced between the mean score of the managers’ continuance and normative commitments, as other aspects of organizational commitment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1855 - Psychological Environment and its Components in Islamic Azad University
Fattah NazemAbstract The main purpose of the present research was to study the psychological environment and its components in Islamic Azad University (IAU). The population of the study included all the IAU managers in different branches. Stratified random sampling was used to sel MoreAbstract The main purpose of the present research was to study the psychological environment and its components in Islamic Azad University (IAU). The population of the study included all the IAU managers in different branches. Stratified random sampling was used to select 540 managers and 3 employees under their supervision which amounted to 1620. A researcher-made questionnaire about psychological environment was administered to collect data from managers and their employees. One-way ANOVA and LSD follow-up test indicated that: 1) There are not significant differences between the psychological environment indices of the IAU branches in different districts. 2) There are significant differences between the components of reward, friendship, support, and autonomy. 3) There are not significant differences between the components of conflict, job control, interpersonal relationships, job commitment, job stress, organizational respect and validation in different districts of IAU. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1856 - Structural Analysis of the Impact of Organizational Virtualism on Job Independence and Citizenship Behavior of Tehran Payam Noor University Staff
sepideh fathi Saeid Moradi firozeh kiumarziimpact of organizational virtue on job independence and citizenship behavior of staff of Payame Noor University of Tehran. The research method was applied, descriptive and survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of 392 employees of Payam-e-Noor Univers Moreimpact of organizational virtue on job independence and citizenship behavior of staff of Payame Noor University of Tehran. The research method was applied, descriptive and survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of 392 employees of Payam-e-Noor University of Tehran who were selected by stratified random sampling method with 172 people using Cochran formula. The data gathering tool has been three dimensions of organizational virtue of Carmon et al. (2004); Podsakoff's organizational citizenship behavior (2000) and David's (2014) job independence that have been validated by face, content, and construct validity methods. Spss version 20 software and partial least squares structural equation modeling with Smart Pls version 2 were used to test the hypotheses. The findings support the validity of all twelve research hypotheses. The effect of organizational virtuosity on citizenship behavior was 0.508 and on job independence was 0.284. The effect of the five dimensions of organizational virtue on individual citizenship behavior and employees' job independence has also been confirmed. The highest impact was related to the effect of forgiveness on job independence (0.825), and the least impact was on the effect of cohesion on job independence (0.192). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1857 - Validating Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument among Pre-Service Teachers in Primary Schools
Saied Farmani Ahmad Khamesan Abstract: The purpose of this study was validating the Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (MTEBI) in pre-service teachers in primary schools. The population of this research included all college students in the field of primary education in South Kh More Abstract: The purpose of this study was validating the Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (MTEBI) in pre-service teachers in primary schools. The population of this research included all college students in the field of primary education in South Khorasan province (N=186). To study reliability and validity of the questionnaire, 140 pre-service teachers were chosen by cluster sampling method from Teaching Training Center of Birjand. Then, Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (MTEBI) was administered. The instrument validity was measured using factor analysis methods and Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability. The results of factor analysis showed that this questionnaire include two fundamental underlying factors since all the items were loaded under two factors which are self-efficacy and expected results of teaching. The results also showed that the reliability of MTEBI was in acceptable level with the overall reliability index of 0.73 and the reliability index of self-efficacy subscales as 0.80, and the reliability index of the expected results of teaching mathematics as 0.66. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1858 - The relationship between the efficiency of in-service training courses and its role in the increase of effectiveness of the clerks Islamic Azad universities lorestan branch
Marzieh AstarakiAbstract: The main purpose of this research was knowing the rate of the effect of during work courses and its role in the increase of effectiveness of the clerks Islamic Azad universities lorestan branch which was done based on correlative search metho MoreAbstract: The main purpose of this research was knowing the rate of the effect of during work courses and its role in the increase of effectiveness of the clerks Islamic Azad universities lorestan branch which was done based on correlative search method .The static sample consisted of all .The clerks in1394,including588 people therefore ,based on Kokran sampling method 233wereselected. The data collection method in this research was the question aire .To analyze the information ,some tests like pearson were used by means of spss21.The results showed that there wasn’t a meaning ful relationship between during work courses and the increase of the capabilities of the clerks in Islamic Azad universities of lorestan ,but there was a meaning ful relationship among the realization of organization aims ,the clerks effectiveness ,and the needs of the clerks in these universities ,which ,finally, based on the obtained result some effective suggestions were delivered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1859 - prediction of high school teacher organizational citizenship behavior based on organizational learning
Zahed Babolan Ali Khaleghkhah Hossein Givy Maleheh fatheganagarad Abstract The main purpose of this research was the prediction of teacher organizational citizenship behavior based on them organizational learning in high schools. Descriptive research More Abstract The main purpose of this research was the prediction of teacher organizational citizenship behavior based on them organizational learning in high schools. Descriptive research method was correlation method. The statistic society of this research consisted of high school teachers of Ardabil which were 1070. Among this number, 265 were selected based on Kokran formula by sampling method. The data collection tools were tow standard questionnaire of organizational citizenship behavior of Orogan and Konoski by reliability of 0/73 and organizational learning questionnaire of Chiva et al, coworkers by reliability of 0/93. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistic methods (Pearson correlation and stepwise multi regression) the Findings of the research showed that all elements organizational learning except risk-taking with teacher organizational citizenship behavior has positive relationship. In the among study variables at regression, the predictor of teacher organizational citizenship behavior were accumulate experience, risk-taking and to making decide Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1860 - Thinking Styles, Sensation Seeking, and Academic Achievement
Hassan Ahadi Fatemeh Khoeini Abstract This study aimed at investigating the relationships between thinking styles and sensation seeking, thinking styles and academic achievement, and sensation seeking and academic achievement. The target population of this study was comprised of a More Abstract This study aimed at investigating the relationships between thinking styles and sensation seeking, thinking styles and academic achievement, and sensation seeking and academic achievement. The target population of this study was comprised of all the undergraduate students studying art and mathematics at the Art and Architecture Faculty and Payambar Azam Educational Complex of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch. The final research sample included 928 students (266 males and 662 females) who were selected via stratified sampling. To measure the thinking styles and sensation seeking of the participants, Sternberg’s thinking style Inventory and Arnett's Inventory of sensation seeking were respectively administered. The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient and t- test demonstrated that legislative, monarchic, oligarchic, anarchic, internal & liberal thinking styles had positive relationship with sensation seeking in male students. Legislative, judicial and liberal also had a positive relationship with sensation seeking in females whereas executive and conservative in females had a negative relationship with sensation seeking. Furthermore, males’ legislative and hierarchic had a positive relationship with academic achievement. In females, however, academic achievement had a positive relationship with legislative, oligarchic, internal, and liberal, and a negative relationship with executive and conservative. Finally, no meaningful relationship was found between males’ sensation seeking and academic achievement while there was a positive relationship between females’ sensation seeking and academic achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1861 - An Evaluation of the Teaching Process of Elementary School Math Teachers on the Basis of Differentiated Instruction Approach
Mohammad AhmadidehGhotboddini Jafar Najafi Zand Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the teaching process of the elementary school math teachers on the basis of the differentiated instruction approach. A field study was applied and the needed data were collected through purposive sampling using the To More Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the teaching process of the elementary school math teachers on the basis of the differentiated instruction approach. A field study was applied and the needed data were collected through purposive sampling using the Tomlinson’s class observation and collected data analyzed by weighed mean method and then fit on favorite continuum. The study findings showed that the teachers were on average level in respect to such factors as: students'' comfortable feeling when asking questions or asking for help, showing effective management and leadership in classes, having relationship with students individually during the teaching process, assessing the students to insure understanding and the student’s awareness of the teaching objectives. Meanwhile the teachers were at a low level in the other aspects like providing guidance for focusing on learning objectives, paying attention to student’s questions during teaching, helping students in understanding their points of strength, stating clear instructions for doing homework, emphasizing on competing with selves and not with others, introducing proper standards for learning and paying attention to students with physical and behavioral disorders. These findings indicate a lack of familiarity of the teachers in this study with the constructive approaches and their applications is teaching and learning in classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1862 - Study the Relationship between Quantum MANAGEMENTwith Job Engagement and Job Adjustment among Employees at University of Isfahan
KHalil Izadi seyed Ali Siadat Abstract The purpose of persent research was to study relationship between quantum leadership with job engagement and Job adjustment among employees at university of Isfahan. This research is descriptive-Correlative and statistical population included all employe More Abstract The purpose of persent research was to study relationship between quantum leadership with job engagement and Job adjustment among employees at university of Isfahan. This research is descriptive-Correlative and statistical population included all employees at university of Isfahan in academic year 1393-1394 totaled 1654 people.Statistical sample was 311 based on Morgan (1970) table and 295 completed questionnaires were returned. Research instruements consisted of: a self-made questionnaire of quantum leadevship with 21 items, schaufeli and bakker (2008) job engagement questionnaire with 17 items and dacis & logqist (1990) job adjustment questionnaice with 20 items. Collected date was analyzed using regression analysis, correlation coefficient, and manova. Findings showed that observed "r" at p<.05 shows a positive and significant correlation between quantum leadership with job engagement and Job adjustment among employees at university of Isfahan.Also, observed "r" at p<.05 showed a positive and significant correlation between quantum vision, quantum thinking, quantum feeling, quantum knowledge, quantum trust and Job engagement and Job adjustment among employees at university of Isfahan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1863 - Check Relation Islamic ethics job and spiritual intelligence with organizational citizenship behavior of Marvdasht city educations staff
Mojgan Amirianzadeh Seyedeh Fatemeh Habibi Abstract The purpose of this study has been to explain Islamic ethics job and spiritual intelligence with organizational citizenship behavior of Marvdasht city educations staff. The research method is descriptive which is a kind of correlation and social statisti More Abstract The purpose of this study has been to explain Islamic ethics job and spiritual intelligence with organizational citizenship behavior of Marvdasht city educations staff. The research method is descriptive which is a kind of correlation and social statistic. This research include over 110 education staff a according to Morgan chart the sample content equaling to 80 people ,are selected randomly. For collecting cleat, 3 questionnaire have been used: organizational citizenship behavior Podsakoff and colleagues question nave, spiritual intelligence bade and colleagues question are, Islamic thics job you of: question are. In order to extract and analysis date, correlation coefficient statistics and regression analysis are simultaneously and gradually used. The results showed that there is a direct and meaningful relevance between spiritual intelligence, Islamic ethics job and organizational citizenship behavior .among spiritual intelligence dimensions (total thought, dimension believe, self awareness, love, and interest) and ganization al citizenship behavior. there is a direct and meaningful relevance. self awareness, love, and interests have been strong predictable variants for organizational citizenship behavior. Islamicethics job can predict organizational citizenship behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1864 - The Relationship between spiritual leadership styles of administrators with organizational commitment of teachers
Davod Tahmasbzadeh Bakhtiyar Darvishi Abstract This study has been aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual directors of leadership style and organizational commitment of teachers from the view of secondary school (first and second) teachers. The research method was a survey- correlati More Abstract This study has been aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual directors of leadership style and organizational commitment of teachers from the view of secondary school (first and second) teachers. The research method was a survey- correlation. The study population consisted of all first and second secondary school teachers in the academic year 1394-95 of Khoda Afarin city with a sample size of 100 to 130 using a single-stage cluster sampling is stratified. Measuring Tools of the study: 1- Inventory of spiritual leadership of Melanie Frye (2008) with an overall Cronbach alpha coefficient 0/91, and 2- Organizational Commitment Questionnaire of Allen and Meyer (1987) alpha coefficient are generally 0/89. In the analysis of data correlation coefficient was used to analyze the questions. Based on the findings at a significance level of 0.00, are related between spiritual leadership style and organizational commitment (affective, continuance and emotional). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1865 - Mathematical Pattern for Predicting Productivity of Managers Based on Organizational Climate
Fattah NazemAbstract The purpose of the present research is to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and the productivity of managers to present a suitable management pattern for productivity based on organizational climate. Out of the population of the resea MoreAbstract The purpose of the present research is to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and the productivity of managers to present a suitable management pattern for productivity based on organizational climate. Out of the population of the research, 1208 managers were randomly selected consisting of managers who work in high schools (N=245), Municipality (N=52), National Company Petrochemical Industries (N=349), Islamic Azad University, Zone 8 (N=200), Tax offices (N=208), and Charity organizations (N=154) in Tehran Province. The research instruments were the questionnaires of organizational climate (Litwin & Stringer, 1968) and productivity (Smith, McCall, & Stoll, 1998). To this end, questionnaires were given to three clerks under each manager’s supervision. The results of applying the analysis of multi-variation regression indicated that: 1) there was a relationship between the organizational climate and the productivity of the managers and 2) the math pattern for the productivity of the managers in educational, public services, industrial, higher education, tax, and charity organizations based on organizational climate were as follows: 1) Productivity = 0.64 × organizational climate + (-22.62) 2) Productivity = 0.73 × organizational climate + (-15.825) 3) Productivity = 0.65 × organizational climate + (-29.19) 4) Productivity = 0.85 × organizational climate + (-11.219) 5) Productivity = 0.66 × organizational climate + (-10.04) 6) Productivity = 0.63 × organizational climate + (-15.74) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1866 - The Effectiveness of Group Training Based on Transactional Analysis on Aggressive girl students of high Schools in Rasht
Tooba Seghati Abdollah Shafiabady Mansour SodaniAbstractThe main objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of grouptraining, based on transactional analysis affecting the aggressive behaviors of thegirl students of grade one in high school, in the city of Rasht. This experimentalresearch was carr MoreAbstractThe main objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of grouptraining, based on transactional analysis affecting the aggressive behaviors of thegirl students of grade one in high school, in the city of Rasht. This experimentalresearch was carried out on 40 individuals from those students who were rated“high” in aggression test (AGQ).This sample was selected through the phasedrandom selection and it was divided in two equal groups (experimental and controlgroup),randomly. Subsequently, the group training program was represented to theexperiment group, after the method of transactional analysis, based on the assemblyof concepts, within 8 ninety-minute sessions for each week , and during this period,no interference was imposed on the control group. Then, after the end of training,the AGQ-test (post-test) was applied to both experiment and control groupssimultaneously and under the identical circumstances. The obtained informationfrom the pre-test and post-test were analyzed using the statistical T test for theindependent group and MANOVA. The additional obtained results suggested thatthere was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups(P=0.0001). In other words, the experimental interference (group training based onthe transactional analysis) has given rise to reduce the aggression and itscomponents in experimental group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1867 - A Comparison between Creativity and Intelligence among University Students in Different Fields of Study*
Alireza Pirkhaefi Davood Manavipour Hassan Pasha SharifiAbstractThe aim of this paper was to study and compare the creativity and intelligence of thestudents in different fields of study. The samples were selected from among thestudents presently studying at Islamic Azad University Garmsar Branch who wereselected through str MoreAbstractThe aim of this paper was to study and compare the creativity and intelligence of thestudents in different fields of study. The samples were selected from among thestudents presently studying at Islamic Azad University Garmsar Branch who wereselected through stratified random sampling. They were 377 boys and girls studyingin one of the courses in engineering, agriculture, veterinary, and humanities. Theinstruments were Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) figural form (form B)and advanced form of Ryon’s AMP test. Data were collected in two weeks timehaving a group of participants as control group. Data analysis was implementedusing one-way ANOVA, Scheffe follow-up test, and independent-sample t Test. Theresults showed that there was a significant difference between the mean score ofintelligence among the students in different fields of study. A significant differencewas also found between the mean score of the students’ creativity studying indifferent fields of study. Moreover, there was a significant difference between boysand girls regarding the mean score of their intelligence. No significant differencewas found between the mean score of creativity among boys and girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1868 - The Role of Classroom Tasks in Improving Reading Comprehension Ability in EFL Students
Mahpareh PourahmadiAbstract The present study was an attempt to investigate the role of classroom tasks in accelerating reading comprehension ability in EFL students. To achieve this purpose, 102 freshwomen were considered as the subjects of the study. The subjects were randomly selected MoreAbstract The present study was an attempt to investigate the role of classroom tasks in accelerating reading comprehension ability in EFL students. To achieve this purpose, 102 freshwomen were considered as the subjects of the study. The subjects were randomly selected form a population of English major first year students. They were later assigned into experimental and control groups. During the course of study, the experimental group received some additional material in the form of reading tasks, while the control groups only received a placebo. Both groups were administrated three sets of tests. They were given a Key English Test (KET) as pre- and post- tests. They were also administrated a teacher made final test which was given to them at the end of the experiment. Undoubtedly, the validity and reliability of the instruments were taken into consideration. The analysis and comparison of the two groups’ scores from the instruments revealed that experimental group outperformed control group in the post-test of KET and in the final test. This led the researcher to the conclusion that such noticeable progress in the experimental group’s test score was due to the administration of reading comprehension tasks. These results provided enough evidence for the acceptance of the hypothesis formulated at the opening of the study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1869 - Analyzing Teachers’ Morale in Primary Schools, Junior, and Senior High Schools of Abadeh
Marzieh Heidari Saeed RejaeepourAbstract The main purpose of the present study is to analyze the morale level of school teachers in Abadeh. Out of all the school teachers in this town, 200 were selected using stratifies random sampling. The data collection tool was Purdue Teacher Opinionnaire (P.T.O) MoreAbstract The main purpose of the present study is to analyze the morale level of school teachers in Abadeh. Out of all the school teachers in this town, 200 were selected using stratifies random sampling. The data collection tool was Purdue Teacher Opinionnaire (P.T.O) designed by Bentley & Remple (1970). The results of the data analysis indicate that the teachers’ morale is high regarding communication, job satisfaction, cooperation, syllabus affairs, educational facilities, quantity of educational work, and parents’ pressure and is low in other aspects. Besides, the female teachers’ level of morale is higher than their male counterparts regarding all the aspects except quantity of educational work and parents’ pressure. Also, there are significant relationships between school teachers’ level of moral in different aspects like communication, quantity of educational work, syllabus affair, social status, social endorsement for ministry of education, and educational facilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1870 - The relationship between total quality management (TQM) with efficacy and empowerment as viewed by Directors of Educational groups
Mehdi Mohammadi Siros HadadniaAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between total quality management (TQM) is the efficacy and empowerment. The study method is descriptive (surveying). The population consists of all directors of educational groups of the branches of MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between total quality management (TQM) is the efficacy and empowerment. The study method is descriptive (surveying). The population consists of all directors of educational groups of the branches of the Islamic Azad University – First Region, with a number of 315, in the year 2014-15, 118 of whom were selected as the sample, using a simple random sampling method. For data analysis was used statistical methods, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple regression and multiple and path analysis. The results showed that: there was a significant correlation between positive and empowering aspects of TQM effectiveness, There is a positive relationship between total quality management, effectiveness and empowerment, There is a positive relationship between the sense of competence, sense of independence, a sense of confidence, empowerment and quality management, There is a positive relationship between the sense of competence, sense of independence, a sense of confidence, empowerment and quality management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1871 - The relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and work ethics with Resilience in Staff of education department of shahrkord city
Fatemeh tarmas hafshjani Ebaollah ahmadi Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and work ethics with Resilience in Staff of education department of shahrkord city. Due to the nature and objectives the research was applied And for it impli More Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and work ethics with Resilience in Staff of education department of shahrkord city. Due to the nature and objectives the research was applied And for it implication used from correlation method. The research population included all Staff of education department of shahrkord city that worked in education in the academic year 1393- 1394. using from morgan table 107 peson,s were selected by simple random sampling as sample. for collect data used from 3 questionnaire; Resilience questionnaire of Conner – Davidson (2003); Spiritual Intelligence questionnaire of abdolahzade et al(1387) and professional ethics questionnaire of mazrban(1389). For analysis the data used from Pearson correlation, simple regression and Multiple Regression. The results showed that: there is a significant and positive relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and work ethics with Resilience; there is a significant and positive relationship between component of Spiritual Intelligence and Resilience; component of Spiritual Intelligence can predict Staff Resilience; work ethics can predict Staff Resilience Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1872 - The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Hakim Sabzevari University Faculty Members
Hassan Nodehi Zohre Sadat Sadr -
Open Access Article
1873 - Preparing and practicing a Model to Investigate the Distributed Leadership Style of Principals and its Relationship with theempowerment of Human Resources at District Two of Sanandaj’s Secondary Schools.
rafigh hasani Someye nematiAbstract: this study aims in investigating the empirical relationship between principals’ distributed leadership style with the developmental aspects and also to empower teachers for the development of theorizing in this area. The present study is a quantitative a MoreAbstract: this study aims in investigating the empirical relationship between principals’ distributed leadership style with the developmental aspects and also to empower teachers for the development of theorizing in this area. The present study is a quantitative and descriptive approach which is of a correlational type. In order to do this research, 234 samples teachers were selected among all secondary school teachers of Sanandaj city. The data collection tool includes two questionnaires with Likert’s five spectrum.In the analysis of the relationship between variables, the results show that principals’ distributed leadership style has a meaningful and positive impact on the four components of the development of human resources. Therefore, the conceptual model was practiced with a high level. The results of this study underscore the importance of distributed leadership on the development and empowerment of organizational members and hence, increasing the effectiveness of schools.The author of the present study concludes that the distributed leadership style of principals is a necessary and significant factor in increasing the effectiveness or organizations due to its flexibility, providing organic structure and increasing individuals’ abilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1874 - The Impact of Job Stress on Job Satisfaction among School Administrators
Homa Ghafourian Iraj Ghasemi Mohammad EbrahimiAbstract The main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of job stress on job satisfaction of public school principals of Islamshahr town in the academic year 2008- 2009. It was a descriptive (causative- comparative) study. The population consisted MoreAbstract The main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of job stress on job satisfaction of public school principals of Islamshahr town in the academic year 2008- 2009. It was a descriptive (causative- comparative) study. The population consisted of the entire 196 male and female principals of public schools including primary, secondary and high schools of Islamshahr town. The sample included 123 people, selected by means of Morgan Jesse Table via stratified random sampling. To collect data two inventories were applied: Onderdoph inventory for the assessment of job stress and an author-made questionnaire for job satisfaction assessment. Content validities of inventories were confirmed by professors’ opinion and then their reliability was calculated 0.91 and 0.92 by Cronbach’s Alpha, respectively. To analyze data, descriptive statistics (mean, mode, median, standard deviation, diagram, and tables) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance and two-sample t test so as to compare two-group means) and SPSS software were utilized. Results suggested that there was a negative significant relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. In terms of job stress, there also observed a significant difference between male and female principals and their job satisfaction. Further, the study found a significant difference between principals’ job stress in the whole levels of education and their management background. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1875 - Study and comparison relationship between pure leadership and organizational climate (consideration, influence and dynamism) at Isfahan and Herat University
Hedayatollah Davarpanah Seyed ali Siadat M.H. Afshar Hossein RabiiDolatAbadi Abstract The purpose of this research was comparison between relationship between pure leadership and organizational climate in Herat and Isfahan University. Present research is practical and the method was descriptive correlative. Statistical population of the r More Abstract The purpose of this research was comparison between relationship between pure leadership and organizational climate in Herat and Isfahan University. Present research is practical and the method was descriptive correlative. Statistical population of the research included all personal at Isfahan and Herat University in year 1394 that based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 530 persons from personal in Isfahan and Herat universities selected as sample. With regard to the main purpose of this research stratified sampling was used.To collect information two questionnaire were used, (pure leadership, Olive, 2007), and organizational climate, Halpen and Craft (1963). Collected data were analyzed using, statistical inferences and descriptive statistics (average, correlation Peterson, one T test, independent T test, regression and regression step by stepby using software SPSS 13. Findings showed:1- purebred leadership and organizational climate(consideration ,influence and dynamism ) in both universities is in medial .2- the average of pure leadership and organizational climate (consideration ,influence and dynamism ) in Isfahan is higher than Herat university .3- relationship between pure leadership and organizational climate(consideration ,influence and dynamism )is positive and significant.4- in both universities two elements of organizational climate most correlated with pure leadership elements. 5- Pure leadership is able to predict the changing the consideration, influence and dynamic. 6- Among pure leadership elements, morality, act of balance and self- knowledge have the most ability to predict change about two elements of organizational climate (consideration, influence and dynamism). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1876 - Promoting students' Cultural Intelligence and Self-regulation by using multimedia instruction
Tahereh Sanjabi Faranak Mosavi Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the Promoting students' Culture Intelligence and Self-regulation by using multimedia instruction. The statistical population included all of the girl's students from School Kermanshah. Then 54 students randoml More Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the Promoting students' Culture Intelligence and Self-regulation by using multimedia instruction. The statistical population included all of the girl's students from School Kermanshah. Then 54 students randomly selected from these students as samples. 27 students were assigned in experimental group and 27 as control group. Two questionnaires were used for collecting the data: 1) Ankh et al (2004) standard questionnaire and questionnaire sport self-regulation (SRQA). Multimedia instruction was conducted for the experimental group in fifteen sessions (60-minutes each) in a period of Four month, twice a week. Both groups were reassessed at the end of the instruction. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that multimedia instruction was significantly effective in all of Cultural Intelligence and Self-regulation development (p<0/001). The possible explanation for the increasing students' Cultural Intelligence and Self-regulation components might be due toparticipation of the experimental group in the Cultural Intelligence and Self-regulationtraining program. Therefore, in line with results from other studies, findings of this study demonstrate the prominent role of multimedia instruction in Cultural Intelligence and Self-regulation development in students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1877 - The relationship between information seeking behavior with elements of creativity among students of Islamic Azad University Golpayegan
Somaye Sadat bathai Mansour Torkiantabar Abstract: This study was done in order to information seeking behavior and creativity among students Islamic Azad University of Golpayegan. Methodology of this study is descriptive survey and it is correlation due to relationship among variables. The statistical More Abstract: This study was done in order to information seeking behavior and creativity among students Islamic Azad University of Golpayegan. Methodology of this study is descriptive survey and it is correlation due to relationship among variables. The statistical society is 1564 from graduated students in Islamic Azad University of Golpayegan. 308 students were selected by using Cochran Formula as sample. To collect data, self-made questionnaire was used. Extracted data were analyzed by using SPSS software. Findings indicated that there is positive and meaningful relationship among information seeking behavior of students and cognition creativity, information seeking behavior and non-cognitive creativity, information seeking behavior of students and motivational dimension of creativity. Average parameters of the Friedman test shows that the cognitive dimension of creativity with an average of 2/34,Motivational dimension with 1/95And cognition, with an average of 1/71 have the highest impact on information seeking behavior of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1878 - A Survey on Mental Health among Students in Islamic AzadUniversity Karaj Branch
Hamed Bermas Sehraneh Javadi Asayesh†AbstractThis study aimed at comparing mental health among students who are studying indifferent fields of study in Islamic Azad University (IAU) Karaj Branch. In thisdescriptive research which was a causal-comparative type of study, 330 studentswere randomly selected ou MoreAbstractThis study aimed at comparing mental health among students who are studying indifferent fields of study in Islamic Azad University (IAU) Karaj Branch. In thisdescriptive research which was a causal-comparative type of study, 330 studentswere randomly selected out of eleven faculties in IAU Karaj branch. The GeneralHealth Questionnaire (GHQ) (1997) was administered to measure the mental healthof the students. The results of MANOVA and Tukey follow-up test analysisindicated that there was a significant difference in total scales and all subscales ofgeneral health among students in all eleven faculties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1879 - Evaluation of Student''''s Satisfaction in Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj Using Customer Results Indicator of European Foundation Model of Quality Management
Rafigh Hassani Mehdi FeiziAbstract: This study investigated student''s satisfaction of educational services in IslamicAzad University of Sanandaj. Method of this research is descriptive- survey. The statistical community includes 11741 students of IslamicAzad University of Sanandaj Using Stratif MoreAbstract: This study investigated student''s satisfaction of educational services in IslamicAzad University of Sanandaj. Method of this research is descriptive- survey. The statistical community includes 11741 students of IslamicAzad University of Sanandaj Using Stratified random sampling based on the Cochran''s formula, 508 were selected as sample. Customer satisfaction questionnaire was administered to the students. After gathering and analysis of data, it was found that most of students are not content about educational services offered, after-graduation services, public conception of the Department, loyalty to the university and extracurricular activities and there isn''t a significant difference between different departments of Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj in terms of customer satisfaction. The average satisfaction was higher in boys than girls and there is a significant difference about the satisfaction of educational services among students'' attitudes in the second, third, and fourth years of schooling. Finally, dissatisfaction indicators in sequence are extracurricular activities, offering of educational services offered, after-graduation services, public conception of the department, and loyalty to the university. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1880 - Prediction of social capital upon emotional intelligence factors
Hasan GHaribi Zoliykha KHolizadeh Abstract: The aim of the present research was to prediction student’s social capital upon their emotional intelligence factors. The research sample consisted of 400 students were selected by multilevel sampling from 11 reign Islamic Azad university. More Abstract: The aim of the present research was to prediction student’s social capital upon their emotional intelligence factors. The research sample consisted of 400 students were selected by multilevel sampling from 11 reign Islamic Azad university. Syberia-shring emotional intelligence and Social capital questionnaire was used. Results of data regression analyses showed that: Emotional intelligence factors (Self-motivation, Self-awareness, Self-control, Social-consciousness, Social-skill), can predict social capital factors (General confidence, formal-civil participation, religious participation, role of contract sealing, friendly-neighborhood relationship, friendly-family relationship and organize confidence). Emotional intelligence predicted changes of social capital factors significantly. multiple regression stepwise analyses showed that among emotional intelligence factors, four of them (Social-skill, Social-consciousness, Self-motivation and Self-awareness) are enable to explanation social capital factors significantly. In general result shwed that among the emotional intelligence factors, Social-skill factor make enable to explanation social capital changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1881 - The relationship between perceptions of authentic leadership and staff’s deviant behaviors in education organization of Isfahan City
Elham Poormokhtari fariba karimiAbstract The present study aims was to determine the relationship between perception of authentic leadership and deviant behaviors among employees of education organization of Isfahan city through descriptive - correlation research method. The population in this study i MoreAbstract The present study aims was to determine the relationship between perception of authentic leadership and deviant behaviors among employees of education organization of Isfahan city through descriptive - correlation research method. The population in this study includes all employees of education organization, i.e. 663 people. On the basis of Cochran’s sample size, 243 individuals are selected through stratified random sampling method as the sample of study. To collect the required data, Walumbwa et al.’s (2008) questionnaire of authentic leadership and Bennett and Robinson’s (2000) questionnaire of deviant behaviors were used. Reliability of the questionnaire of authentic leadership turned out to be .85 and reliability of the questionnaire of deviant behaviors turned out to be .73 using Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression and analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a significant reverse relationship between authentic leadership (p < .01, r = -.285), components of relational transparency (p < .01, r = -.226), internalized moral perspective (p < .05, r = -.160), and balanced processing (p < .01, r = -.196) with deviant behaviors. Also, from among the components of authentic leadership, relational transparency, balanced processing, and internalized moral perspectives were able to predict staff’s deviant behaviors, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the scores of authentic leadership and deviant behaviors in terms of gender and age. The difference between the scores of deviant behaviors in terms of years of service wasn't significant, but the difference between the scores of authentic leadership in terms of years of service was significant. In addition, the results showed that there were significant differences between the scores of authentic leadership of staff with a working experience of less than 10 years, 10 to 20 years, and more than 20 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1882 - Major Factors Influencing Book Publication in Islamic Azad University as Perceived by Deputies of Research and Publication Directors
Mansour Torkiantabar Tahereh Hasoumi Nafiseh Hasoumi Abstract The purpose of the present study is to describe the attitudes of the research deputies and publication directors in branches of Islamic Azad University (IAU). The population was all research deputies and publication directors in all branches of Islamic More Abstract The purpose of the present study is to describe the attitudes of the research deputies and publication directors in branches of Islamic Azad University (IAU). The population was all research deputies and publication directors in all branches of Islamic Azad University. To collect data for this survey study, a questionnaire was used. The results of SPSS analysis indicated that research deputies and publication directors in all branches of Islamic Azad University prefer book publications by IAU central organization and private sectors rather than by different IAU branches. They unanimously endorsed the support policies by IAU central organization. 35.4% of the participants confirmed the effect of book publication on the promotion of IAU faculty members. Furthermore, 32.3% of them underlined the impact of incentive policies on increasing book publication is considerable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1883 - The Qualitative Program Evaluation of the Postgraduate English Translation Major in Iran
Parviz Birjandi Mania NosratiniaAbstract The present study aims at evaluating the M.A. English Translation Program. Although this is somehow a new established program, nothing has been done about evaluation of it. Program evaluations need to be carried out within a well-constructed framework. A revie MoreAbstract The present study aims at evaluating the M.A. English Translation Program. Although this is somehow a new established program, nothing has been done about evaluation of it. Program evaluations need to be carried out within a well-constructed framework. A review of more than 30 evaluation models and checklists led to the decision that Stufflebeam's CIPP Model (2002) would best fit this evaluation study. This model has four parts (Context, Input, Process, and Product) and the research questions were written based on these parts. Then, all the universities having this program (at the time of this study) were chosen (except Islamic Azad University, Chabahar Branch). The first step in doing this study was conducting a comprehensive needs analysis to clarify the needs and objectives of students, presenting their language problems and their inabilities in relation to translation. This was done through class observations, interviews, and questionnaires. According to the obtained data it became clear that the first and most important aim of establishing this program- "training the expert translators skilled in the fields of Human and Social Sciences, etc." to the great extent is ignored. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1884 - an analysis of simple and multiple relationships between thinking skills with entrepreneurship and problem solving capabilities in students at Universities of Kashan and Medical Sciences
Hamid Rahimi Abstract The purpose of this research was an analysis of simple and multiple relationships between thinking skills with entrepreneurship and problem solving capabilities in students at Universities of Kashan and Medical Sciences. Research type was descriptive cor More Abstract The purpose of this research was an analysis of simple and multiple relationships between thinking skills with entrepreneurship and problem solving capabilities in students at Universities of Kashan and Medical Sciences. Research type was descriptive correlative. The statistical population consisted all of students' Universities of Kashan and Medical Sciences (N=9253) in academic year 2014-2015 that by Cocran Formula, 269 ones were chosen by using stratified randomized sampling were chosen. The information gathering tools at were thinking skills questionnaire with 35 items in 5 components, entrepreneurship questionnaire with 31 items in 4 components and problem solving questionnaire with 25 items in 4 components on base 5 likert scales. Questionnaires content validity confirmed by expert. Through Cronbach alpha coefficient, reliability coefficients were obtained equal to 0.83 for thinking skills, 0.79 for entrepreneurship and 0.91 for problem solving. Data analyses were used in level inferential statistics (correlation, t-test, regression) through Spss 18 software. Finding showed mean of thinking skills, entrepreneurship skills and problem solving capabilities in students are bigger than average. There are positive and significant relationship between thinking skills with entrepreneurship and problem solving capabilities. There are not significant difference between thinking skills, entrepreneurship and problem solving capabilities in terms of university type Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1885 - The Relationship between Family Function and Adolescents' Identity
Gholam Reza Khoynezhad Ali Reza Rajaei Mahnaz Shirazi -
Open Access Article
1886 - Studying the relationship between cultural intelligence and metacognitive awareness and intelligence beliefs with academic Performance
Masomeh Bagherpur Taher Mahboobi Kamal Mahboobi Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence and intelligence beliefs with metacognitive awareness and academic performance of students of Islamic Azad University Gaz. The research method was descriptive More Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence and intelligence beliefs with metacognitive awareness and academic performance of students of Islamic Azad University Gaz. The research method was descriptive and correlational type. A number of the 145 students were selected by simple random sampling. Instruments included a questionnaire Aung cultural intelligence, autonomy and Richard questionnaire metacognitive awareness of reading strategies and beliefs Babaei is intelligence. Data using Pearson correlation and multiple regressions were analyzed. The results showed that between the cognitive and cultural intelligence and academic performance and significant relationship between the behavioral and motivational solidarity there is no cultural intelligence and academic performance. The overall study, study, problem-solving, study support and there is a significant relationship between academic performance. There is a significant relationship between academic performance and increase intelligence beliefs and beliefs correlation between IQ and academic performance there is no substance. Based on regression analysis of predictors, believe incremental intelligence and academic performance is statistically the strongest relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1887 - Vocabulary Knowledge and Field Dependence/Independence Cognitive Styles
Nassim Golaghaei Mortaza Yamini Abstract This article is primarily bidirectional in that it is concerned with two fields of cognitive styles of field-dependence/independence on the one hand and breadth of vocabulary knowledge on the other hand. In other words, this research is primari More Abstract This article is primarily bidirectional in that it is concerned with two fields of cognitive styles of field-dependence/independence on the one hand and breadth of vocabulary knowledge on the other hand. In other words, this research is primarily intended to investigate the nature of the students' vocabulary knowledge in the field of passive and active knowledge of L2 words as a whole with regard to their preferred cognitive style of field –dependency/independency. The research method was that 60 juniors were selected. They were then bisected to two groups on the basis of their preferred cognitive styles of field-dependency / independency. Three types of tests, the passive version of Vocabulary Levels Test, the Productive Version of the Vocabulary Levels Test, and the Group Imbedded Figures Test were administered to a group of 60 undergraduate students majoring in the field of English Language Teaching. The conclusion drawn after the analysis of the data was that the participants in the field-independent group outperformed their field-dependent counterparts dealing with both passive and productive vocabulary levels. Finally, the findings of this research could be interpreted as being supportive of the idea that the field-dependent/independent cognitive style could be considered as an effective factor influencing the learners' vocabulary learning in the field of second language acquisition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1888 - The Relationship between Philosophic-Mindedness and Creativity among Faculty Members of IAU Zanjan Branch
Fariba Damerchili Abdolhossein RasoulnejadAbstract This study aimed at investigating the relationship between philosophic-mindedness (measured as comprehensiveness, penetration, and flexibility) and degree of creativity among faculty members of Islamic Azad University (IAU), Zanjan Branch. The population of the MoreAbstract This study aimed at investigating the relationship between philosophic-mindedness (measured as comprehensiveness, penetration, and flexibility) and degree of creativity among faculty members of Islamic Azad University (IAU), Zanjan Branch. The population of the study was comprised of 440, out of which 210 were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected administering creativity and philosophic-mindedness questionnaire with validity indices of 0.81 and 0.80 respectively. Both descriptive and inferential statistics indices were applied to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between philosophic-mindedness and the degree of creativity of the faculty members (p< 0.01). Also, there exist significant relationships between three indices of comprehensiveness, penetration, flexibility and degree of creativity. Applying t test, no significant relationship is found between philosophic-mindedness and the degree of creativity of the faculty members in humanities and basic sciences. Moreover, there is no significant relationship between male and female professors regarding their creativity (p< 0.05), whereas regarding their level of philosophic-mindedness, male exceeded female. Taking the indices of philosophic-mindedness into account, penetration shows a gender difference. That is, male professors present a more significant level of penetration than female while both were similar regarding other indices of comprehensiveness and flexibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1889 - The Impact of Family Life Education on Reducing Tension among Mothers with Learning Disorder Children in Reading and Writing
Hasan Shahrakipour Samad Karimzadeh Mahin KeramatiAbstract The main purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of family life education (FLE) on tension reduction of mothers with learning disorder (LD) children in reading and writing. To obtain the necessary research data, the pre-test and post-test experim MoreAbstract The main purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of family life education (FLE) on tension reduction of mothers with learning disorder (LD) children in reading and writing. To obtain the necessary research data, the pre-test and post-test experimental design with control group was adopted. To this end, 60 out of 154 mothers with LD children in reading and writing, whose disorder was confirmed by LD centers in Rasht city, were randomly selected. All mothers answered 33 questions about parental tension under four subcomponents of depression, feeling of competence, social isolation and parental health, related to parental stress index (PSI), the dependent variable, before and after applying FLE. To analyze the data and compare the two groups, the t-student parametric test was used. The results show that mothers’ characteristics resulting from increasing parental tension can be changed through FLE model and programs. This means that increasing these mothers’ child rearing skills, on the one hand, and changing their perception toward LD children on the other hand can reduce their tension, depression, and social loneliness and enhance their sense of efficiency and health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1890 - The Relationship between Ego-Identity Status and Attachment Styles with Psychological Well-beings among Youngesters
Seifollah Bahari Chebor Farkish Abstract This studyattempts to identify the realationship between ego-identity status and attachment styles with psychological well-beings of the young students at Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch and the impact of neighborhood on their ego- More Abstract This studyattempts to identify the realationship between ego-identity status and attachment styles with psychological well-beings of the young students at Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch and the impact of neighborhood on their ego-identity status and psychological well-beings.The participants were 120 students (Male=43 and Female=77) while96 were aborigonal and 24 were not.They were between 22 to 26 years old.Benion -Adams’ measure of identity status, Hazen-Shaver’s attachment style questionnaire, and Ryff’s psychological well-being questionnaire were used to measure identity status, attachment style psychological well-being respectively. In the inferential side of data analysis ANOVA and linear regression were applied. The findings indicate that four factors of ego-identity status, attachment styles, gender, and neighborhood all together explain 41% of the variation for psychological well-being of the students. Neighborhood and identity diffution show a significant predictive value for totao score of the psychologicalwell-being of the participants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1891 - Assessment of Factors influencing teachers’ professional commitmentPublic school teachers in Western Azerbaijan province
Mehdi Kazemzadehbeytali Ebrahim Jedi Mohammad HassaniThe aim of this study is to investigate Factors influencing teachers’ professional commitment. Research method of study is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of study included all male and female teachers of West Azarbaijan in the educational for MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate Factors influencing teachers’ professional commitment. Research method of study is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of study included all male and female teachers of West Azarbaijan in the educational for data gathering in this study, a sample comprising 377 teachers in of West Azarbaijan were selected by using stratified random sampling. The data were collected through standard questionnaire of professional commitment, organizational centralization, management style, identification with school, organization cultural , decision making, self- efficacy, professional growth, work conscientiousness , job satisfaction. The reliability thorough Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0/75. Regression and correlation were utilized to analyze thedata.Results indicate that relationship between Factors influencing teachers ’professional commitment and professional commitment –exception of organizational centralization- were significant. Also Results of multiple regression revealed that professional growth, job satisfaction, identification with school, can predict teachers’ professional commitmentand up to about 0/377 percent of the components can be traced professional commitment.According to the results of all aspects, elements of the proposed framework is important and the recent framework can be used as a tool to assess teachers' professional commitment. The results of such studies can be used as educational tools to help planners improve the professional commitment is real teacher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1892 - The Relationship between Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles, and the Attitude towards Organizational Change
Mahdi Farazja Mohsen KhademiAbstract: The main purpose of the study was to pursue the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles Concerning Fars Province Educational Office experts' attitude toward organizational change. The population and sample of the research cons MoreAbstract: The main purpose of the study was to pursue the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles Concerning Fars Province Educational Office experts' attitude toward organizational change. The population and sample of the research consisted of all Fars Province Educational Office experts in academic year 2007-08. The sample consisted of 202 male and 28 female experts. Two instruments were used: one was designed for transformational leadership and the other for measuring attitude towards organizational change. The first questionnaire consisted of five dimensions: 1. Charismatic leadership 2.Intellectual stimulation 3.Individual consideration, 4.Contingent reward, and 5.Management-by-Exception. Of the five, the last two dimensions belonged to the transactional leadership. The second questionnaire consisted of three dimensions including 1.cognitive, 2.affective, and 3.behavioral. The reliability and validity of the instruments were measured and approved. In order to analyze the data, statistical techniques such as Pearson Correlation Coefficients and Multiple Regression were used. The results were indicative of several points: There were significant relationship between charismatic leadership (r=0.32, p<0.01) and cognitive dimension; intellectual stimulation with cognitive(r=0.21, p<0.01) and behavioral (r=0.23, p<0.01) dimensions; contingent reward with cognitive (r=0.28, 0.01), affective (r=-0.15, p<0.01), and behavioral (r=0.23, p<0.01) dimensions; management-by-exception and affective (r=-0.20, p<0.01) dimension, but the relationship between dimensions of transactional leadership and affective dimension of the attitudes towards organizational change was negative. Results also showed that charismatic leadership dimension was capable to predict affective (β =0.52, P<0.003) and cognitive (β =1.1, P<0.001) dimensions and that contingent reward was capable to predict behavioral dimension (β=0.41, P<0.001) of the attitude towards organizational change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1893 - On the Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Trust and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour as viewed by Heads of Different Educational Departments of Islamic Azad University, Region One
Siros Hadadnia Hojatollah Fani Ahmad Hashemi Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Organizational justice and Organizational Trust and Organizational Behaviour Citizenship. The research method is descriptive (surveying). The population consists of 315 heads of different More Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Organizational justice and Organizational Trust and Organizational Behaviour Citizenship. The research method is descriptive (surveying). The population consists of 315 heads of different departments of Islamic Azad University (region one) in 2010-11. 118 of whom were selected through simple random sampling. Three questionnaires of Organizational justice, Organizational Trust, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour were used as the study instruments. Their reliability was estimated as 0.831, 0.828, and 0.884 respectively. For data analysis, SPSS, and the statistical methods of correlation coefficient matrix, simple and multiple regressions and path analysis were used. The findings showed (a) there is a positive significant relationship between the components of Organizational justice, Organizational Trust and Organizational Behaviour Citizenship; (b) There is a positive relationship between Organizational justice, Organizational Trust, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour; (c) There is a positive relationship between the Trust of friendship and respect, duty, virtue and generocity of the civic dimensions of organizational behavior, and (d) there is a positive relationship between the Competence, Reliability, and benevolence of the dimensions of organizational trust and organizational justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1894 - The Relation between Work Ethic and the Effectiveness among the Staff in Ministry of Education in Tehran
Mostafa Asgarian Fariba Javadpour Shirvan -
Open Access Article
1895 - Expected Competencies of Master degree of curriculum graduates: a qualitative study
Akbar Hedayat Hassan Maleki Alireza Sadeghi Ismail SadipourAbstract The aim of this study is to identify expected competencies of Master degree of curriculum graduates. To achieve this purpose with qualitative research approach, through targeted sampling (to reach theoretical saturation), 24 people were selected (8 academic spe MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to identify expected competencies of Master degree of curriculum graduates. To achieve this purpose with qualitative research approach, through targeted sampling (to reach theoretical saturation), 24 people were selected (8 academic specialists of curriculum,11 graduates and 5 employers) The data were collected via individual semi-structured interviews. Collected Data through revealed qualitative content analysis were analyzed and coded. The findings of this study showed that expected competencies of Master degree of curriculum graduates are three themes: cognitive competencies (professional knowledge of curriculum, general cognitional competency and general knowledge), skills competencies (professional skills of curriculum and general skills) and attitude competencies (Curriculum attitudinal competencies and general attitudes). The findings of this study could be used in various stages of competency-based curriculum, also offers a comprehensive vision of what should be achieved during the course of studying the of Master degree of curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1896 - The Effects of Creativity, Intelligence and Personality Traits on the Appreciation of Shahriar’s and Vahabzadeh’s Poems among Single and Male Youth between the Age of 17 and 18 in Iran and Azerbaijan
Mansour Asheghi Abstract: In the present research, the researcher sought the effects of creativity, intelligence, and personality traits on the appreciation of Shahriar’s and Vahabzadeh’s poems among the single and male youth between the age 17 and 18 in Iran and Aze More Abstract: In the present research, the researcher sought the effects of creativity, intelligence, and personality traits on the appreciation of Shahriar’s and Vahabzadeh’s poems among the single and male youth between the age 17 and 18 in Iran and Azerbaijan. The main question of the research was: can creativity, intelligence, and personality characteristics decrease the degree of understanding? In order to answer the main question of the research, the following null hypothesis was created. Creativity, intelligence, and personality characteristics affect the appreciation of Shahriar’s and Vahabzadeh’s poems among single and male youth. The methodology of the present study was descriptive and survey. The population of the research included the whole youth community of Iran and Azerbaijan from which the researcher chose 120 young people from Iran and 120 young people from Azerbaijan who were male and single at the time. The instruments used in this research involved Torense creativity test, Estanford-Bineh intelligence criteria, NEO personality Traits, and rhythmic poems, all of which had more than 70 percent of validity and reliability indices. Finally, using the multivariate regression model, the findings showed that there is a meaningful positive relation between creativity, fluid analysis, flexibility and the degree of understanding, so that, with the increase in creativity, fluid analysis, knowledge, their ability to appreciate Shahriar’s and Vahabzadeh’s poems increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1897 - The Conformity of Higher Education Institutes with the Components of Learning Organizations Based on Senge's Model
Raheleh Zamani Hamidreza Bahrami Parinaz Banisi Abstract The meaning of learning organization and organizational learning, in recent years has turned many researchers and many managers, especially educational systems attention to it. Here universities as one of the most important social structures that undert More Abstract The meaning of learning organization and organizational learning, in recent years has turned many researchers and many managers, especially educational systems attention to it. Here universities as one of the most important social structures that undertake duty of training creative, initiative, entrepreneur individuals, should take basic and serious steps toward change and development. From this perspective the movement of universities in country toward the learning organizations is realized as highly important. The present study attempts to investigate the conformity of Islamic Azad University Mahallat branch with learning organization's components from the perspectives of the faculty members and employees based on five factors of personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, team learning, system thinking. In this survey, 72 participants were randomly selected out of faculty members and employees. The measurement tool was a questionnaire consisting of 40 items whose validity was provided by reviewing and confirming of experts and whose reliability was calculated from Cronbach's alpha formula as 0.95%. To analyze data, one-sample T test, Friedman test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test were used. The results indicated that amount of personal mastery, shared vision, and system thinking is more than average level and mental models and team learning is less than average level in Islamic Azad University of Mahallat. Demographic information showed that women's amount of personal mastery is less than men. Thus, the amount of shared vision among faculty members and employees with higher degrees than BA/BS was assessed less than employees with lower degrees. From the respondents' work experience perspective, those with more than 5 years of experience showed better than those with less experience regarding all the components of learning organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1898 - The Predictive Validity of Islamic Azad University’s Entrance Examination: Does Access
Mojtaba MohammadiAbstractThe main purpose of the present research was to study the predictive value of theIslamic Azad University’s Entrance Examination (IAUEE) in Iran administered tothose applied for English Language courses. It, furthermore, attempted to investigateprobable cor MoreAbstractThe main purpose of the present research was to study the predictive value of theIslamic Azad University’s Entrance Examination (IAUEE) in Iran administered tothose applied for English Language courses. It, furthermore, attempted to investigateprobable correlation between English Language students’ academic achievementregarding their Grade point Average (GPA) and their entrance admission test resultsand their sex, field of study, or age. To conduct the research, seniorundergraduate students who were admitted to study in all English language fields inIslamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch were randomly selected. Data werecollected regarding their performances in Entrance Examination and their GPAduring the first three years of their study. Data analysis indicated that students’ totalscore in IAUEE had a better predictive value than the English subtest score. Out ofthree English majors under study, admission exam for ELT students had a muchmore recognized predictive value than for students in other courses. Moreover, whileboys’ English proficiency subtest was a better predictor of their academicachievement, girls’ total score proved so Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1899 - Role Job Hardiness in predicting job performance, with the mediation of innovative work behaviorsRole Job Hardiness in predicting job performance, with the mediation of innovative work behaviors
Ehsan Azimpour Sohila Jalileans Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the Role Job Hardiness in predicting job performance, with the mediation of innovative work behaviors. This study was conducted descriptive - correlational method by using structural equation modeling. Statistical pop More Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the Role Job Hardiness in predicting job performance, with the mediation of innovative work behaviors. This study was conducted descriptive - correlational method by using structural equation modeling. Statistical population study were included all primary school teachers in Khoy city, that among which were selected 306 persons by using random sampling method. Research instruments was including job Hardiness Inventory Moreno-Jiménez, Rodríguez-Muñoz, Hernández and Blanco(2014), innovative work behaviors Inventory Krause (2004) and job performance Inventory Paterson (1990). Data obtained were analyzed by using structural equation method and using Spss editing16, and AMOS editing 22 softwares. The results showed innovative work behaviors and job hardiness Variables have Meaningful direct effect and Job hardiness variable have meaningful indirect effect on job performance. Also the was statistically significant the direct effect Job hardiness on the innovative work behaviors. In addition innovative work behaviors could entered model as a mediator in the relationship between hardiness job and job performance teachers. Finally, the structural model modified research a good fit had with experimental data the study Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1900 - The Interactive Effectiveness of Spiritual Intelligence and Life Skills Training on Improving Attitudes of Students to Life Skills
Kourosh Goodarzi Faramarz Sohrabi Nourali Farrokhi Abstract The interactive effectiveness between Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) and life skills training (LST) on improving attitudes of university students to life skills were carried out in a randomized block designs study. At first, 166 male & female university More Abstract The interactive effectiveness between Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) and life skills training (LST) on improving attitudes of university students to life skills were carried out in a randomized block designs study. At first, 166 male & female university students were randomly selected out of 11370 students at Islamic Azad University in Borujerd. Then attitude to life skills questionnaire (Ahadi, 1386), and Spiritual Intelligence questionnaire (Naseri, 1386) were filled out by the subjects. On the basis of the results of the Spiritual Intelligence questionnaire (higher or lower than the mean), the subjects were divided into four groups. There were two experimental groups, one with a higher score on SQ and the other with a lower score on SQ and two control groups under the same situation. The experimental groups in two separate classes of students with higher and lower score on SQ took part in 16 sessions of 3 hours of the LST, in a time span of 8 weeks. At the end of the course, subjects filled out the attitude to life skills questionnaire as the post test. Finally, after four months in order to figure out the stability or possible changes in the results, once more, in a follow- up study, the attitude to life skills questionnaire was administered. The results of statistical test of Independent-Samples t-test indicated that LST have a significant effect on improving attitudes of university students to life skills, though in an interaction with SQ, the two aforementioned factors have no significant effect on those. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1901 - The relationship between characteristics needed by managers in successful change management based on employees' performance in education Gato Kashan
Ali Yazdkhasti Rahman Arabloonereh Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the characteristics of successful change management needed by managers in the performance of the staff. This study, in terms of the purpose of research, descriptive - survey. The population More Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the characteristics of successful change management needed by managers in the performance of the staff. This study, in terms of the purpose of research, descriptive - survey. The population of all the managers and employees of the education department of the city of Kashan. The sample using Morgan table and cluster random sampling, 198 subjects were selected. The measuring instrument in this study was questionnaire. Stephen Conder questionnaire and a questionnaire about the relationship between the characteristics of successful change management require managers with employee performance based on the Gato. Cronbach's Alpha coefficients for the variables of the features expected of managers in successful change management and employee performance 0/713 and 820/0 respectively was. The results of the study showed that, among the necessary functionality and performance of managers in managing successful change there is a significant relationship. Also the views of managers and employees, between risk managers, the determination results are expected by the management, the managers have a good understanding between general knowledge and expert analysis by managers, the need to know, before the change of the research and development the managers of motion with emphasis on the strengths of the features needed by managers and managers in successful change management and employee performance there is a significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1902 - The study of relationship between happiness and managers power of risk taking with creativity elementary managers’ schools of Shahindezh city in 2014-2015
Arefeh Shokri Salegh Maleki AvarsinAbstract The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between happiness and managers power of risk taking with creativity elementary managers’ schools of Shahindezh city in 2014- 2015. The number of samples was 85 people and the total number MoreAbstract The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between happiness and managers power of risk taking with creativity elementary managers’ schools of Shahindezh city in 2014- 2015. The number of samples was 85 people and the total number using Kergesy and Morgan was 70 selected randomly. Data was collected using three question aires of occupational creativity, Agril and Hilz happiness feeling and yourself understanding risk-taking and its reliability of happiness/ managers, risk-taking and creativity was estimated respectively 797%, 714% and 838%. To analyze the collected data, Pearson's test was used and the research results showed that there's significant relationship between happiness and its indicators (self – concept life satisfaction – emotional readiness aesthetic feeling- efficacy and hope fullness) and shahindezh primary school managers risk taking. There is significant relationship between happiness and its indicators (self concept life- satisfaction – emotional readiness – aesthetic feeling – efficaicy – hope fullness) and powers of risk taking with shahindezh primary schools manager's creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1903 - Explained Employees University of Psychological Well-Being According to structures and organizational health Spiritual leadership
Ezatolah Ghadampour Liylaq yousefvand Parvvaneh radmehr Abstract Background & Aim: Psychological well-being of employees is affected by many variables. The most important spiritual leadership and organizational health can be noted. Therefore, this study done aimed to investigate explained employees university of m More Abstract Background & Aim: Psychological well-being of employees is affected by many variables. The most important spiritual leadership and organizational health can be noted. Therefore, this study done aimed to investigate explained employees university of medical Sciences Psychological well-Being according to structures spiritual leadership and organizational health. Methods: The present study was correlation relationship, the study population included all employees of Lorestan University of medical sciences, according to Morgan table, 200 individuals were chosen through simple random sampling. And all of these questionnaires ryff Psychological well-being (1980), the spiritual leader Fry et al (200) and organizational health Sufi et al (1391) were completed. The data Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis using software were spss19.Rezullts: The results showed that psychological well-being with spiritual leadership and organizational health and there was a significant positive correlation (P<0/001). The organizational health and psychological well-being able to predict %28 of the variance. Conclusion:The results of this study emphasize the importance of the role of organizational health and employee psychological well-being emphasized in the forecast and that the organization can understand the reasons and factors affecting the psychological well-being of their employees, and favorable working environment for employees to achieve organizational goals provide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1904 - The Relationship between Norm of Learning and Study Strategies (LASSI) and Students’ Academic Achievement
Mohammad Salehi Taraneh EnayatiAbstract &nbs MoreAbstract Learning strategies have been the focus of much attention during the last decades. This research has been done to study the relationship between learning and study strategies and academic achievement of students of Islamic Azad University (IAU) in Mazandaran province. Correlation was the method of the research and the population included all students studying in different branches of IAU in Mazandaran province. The sample consisted of 386 students who were selected using random sampling method. The main components of learning and study strategies were measured through the standard learning and study strategies inventory (LASSI). Through Pearson correlation, the relation between three main components of skill, will and self regulating with academic achievement (grade point average) were investigated. ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used to determine the effect of field of study on three main components of learning and study strategies. The findings revealed that there were statistically significant relationship between all three components of learning and study strategies with students’ academic achievement. Also, there were statistically significant differences between students based on field of study. Moreover, there were differences between profile of learning and study strategies of female and male students and also there was a considerable difference between profile of learning and study strategies of IAU students in Mazandaran province in Iran and the norm of American students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1905 - The Role of Religion on Mental Health among University Students in Ilam Province
Leila kheidani Abstract: Mental Health as one of the two pillars of health is the requirement of a good, effective and satisfactory life for an individual. Mental health for the members of any society, especially those effective and productive ones, is a requisite for dynamici More Abstract: Mental Health as one of the two pillars of health is the requirement of a good, effective and satisfactory life for an individual. Mental health for the members of any society, especially those effective and productive ones, is a requisite for dynamicity and development of them. Considering the prominent and unique role of students as future managers and creators of any society, the need to provide mental health and to identify and remove the negative factors affecting their mental health is necessary.The study was descriptive and the population included all the students enrolled in the universities in Ilam province in the academic year of 2009-10. The sample size consisted of 1000 students who were selected using stratified random sampling. General Health questionnaire (GHQ28) and Barahani's religious attitudes questionnaire were administered. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to determine the correlation between variables and t test for comparing boys and girls. Results indicated a significant relationship between subjects and the average score in General Health Questionnaire and their religious attitudes (t = -0.302 for the religious attitude, t=2.8 for mental health and P<0.005). Other findings indicated the differences between the mental health of students in different universities of Ilam province; female students, rather than male students, have higher mental health and better religious attitudes. Also, students who are living out of the dorms compared to students who are living in dormitories show a higher mental health and better religious attitude. Mental health is respectively high in Payam Noor University, Azad, Applied Science, Ilam, Ilam Medical Sciences, and Bakhtar universities, while regarding their religious attitudes, they are arranges as such respectively: Payame Noor, applied science, Azad, Ilam, Ilam Medical Sciences and Bakhtar universities. From the students' field of study perspective, students in art, basic science, engineering, humanities, agriculture, veterinary, and medical science have higher mental health respectively. In respect to their religious attitude, they are arranged as such: art, basic Science, engineering, humanities, agriculture, veterinary, and medical science. The results of descriptive statistics for the students' area of study show that while in mental health students in arts, basic sciences, engineering, humanities, agriculture and veterinary and medical sciences are respectively high, in their religious attitude, students in engineering, basic science, humanities, agriculture, veterinary, medicine science are better. The results indicate that students with better religious attitude enjoy greater mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1906 - The Relationship between Resiliency and Classroom Psychosocial Climate with the Educational Achievement of Junior High School Students in Tehran
Rozita Zabihi Beheshteh Niusha Mahbobeh Mansori Abstract The purpose of this research was to study of relationship between resiliency and classroom psychosocial climate with educational achievement of junior high school students in Tehran. Research method was correlational and the population included all the s More Abstract The purpose of this research was to study of relationship between resiliency and classroom psychosocial climate with educational achievement of junior high school students in Tehran. Research method was correlational and the population included all the students of junior high schools in Tehran city 2009-2010 (326 students, 162 girls and 124 boys), who were all selected by multi-step cluster sampling method. The data were collected using psychosocial climate questionnaire by Michaud, Comeau, and Goupil (1991), Resiliency Scale of Conner & Davidson (CD-RISC, 2003) and mean score of the participants' first term. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. The results showed that: 1) there is a positive and significant relationship between resiliency and achievement of students, 2) there is a relationship between classroom psychosocial climate and achievement of the students, 3) there is a relationship between the student's perception of classroom psychosocial climate and achievement of students, 4) there is a relationship between the student's expectation of classroom psychosocial climate and achievement of the students, 5) we could predict the educational achievement of students based on their resiliency and classroom psychosocial climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1907 - The Impact of Classroom Psychosocial Climate on the Educational Promotion of the Primary Students in Kashan
Mohammadreza Atoofi Salmani Seifollah Bahari Behzad Goodarzi Malayeri Abstract This research studies the relationship between students’ and teachers’ appreciation and anticipation of the classroom atmosphere and the students’ educational promotion. To this end, 44 fifth grade classes were randomly selected from More Abstract This research studies the relationship between students’ and teachers’ appreciation and anticipation of the classroom atmosphere and the students’ educational promotion. To this end, 44 fifth grade classes were randomly selected from Kashan city out of each 4 boys and girls were drawn out (totally 176) together with their teachers (N=44). Data were collected using Social Mental Classroom Atmosphere Questionnaire and their GPA. They were analyzed through t-test and multivariate regression. The results of the study indicated that comparing with the students’ and teachers’ appreciation, their anticipation of the classroom was higher. Also, teachers’ anticipation and appreciation of the classroom climate was higher than those of students. Moreover, there is a relationship between students’ anticipation and appreciation of the classroom psychosocial climate and their educational promotion; however, no significant relationship was traced between teachers’ anticipation and appreciation of the classroom psychosocial climate and students’ educational promotion. Therefore, it was concluded that there existed a significant relationship between classroom psychosocial climate and the educational promotion and classroom psychosocial climate can be used to predict students’ educational promotion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1908 - Nvestigate the relationship between attitudes to innovation managers on organizational learning in school districts Rey
S. M. Mirkamali Mitra Ezati Sedigheh NaseriAbstract the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between managers' attitudes to innovation and organizational learning in the school area was a Rey. The research method was descriptive and statistical population included all school principals Rey were MoreAbstract the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between managers' attitudes to innovation and organizational learning in the school area was a Rey. The research method was descriptive and statistical population included all school principals Rey were in the 95-94 school year (138). Census method was used to determine the sample size of 138 people was chosen. Data collection based on the scale of attitude towards change and organizational learning that they Cronbach's alpha coefficients were obtained 0.86 & 0.83 respectively. The validity of the questionnaire, the content validity was used. Data analysis was performed using spss software version 22. The results showed that attitudes to innovation management and organizational learning in school districts is an above average Rey And the attitude of managers to innovate with organizational learning and positive relationships are significant at the 0.01 level. The results also showed that among the three dimensions of innovation management, organizational learning innovation explain the behavioral attitudes But two dimensions of cognitive, affective attitude is not a bad predictor for organizational learning schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1909 - Evaluating the Feasibility of Financial Variables of Health: A Hospital Administrator s Viewpoint
Abasat Mirzaei jamaldin tayebi amir ashkan nasiripor liela riyahiToday, the health system is one of the largest sections of the economy throughout the world. Therefore, the managers and policymakers of the health and treatment sections should be trained by exploiting the financial assessment indices and also by acquiring the knowledg MoreToday, the health system is one of the largest sections of the economy throughout the world. Therefore, the managers and policymakers of the health and treatment sections should be trained by exploiting the financial assessment indices and also by acquiring the knowledge via training the indices and sufficient recognition of hospital function. The purpose of the present study is determination of the effective and trainable financial indices in assessment of function of the Iran University of Medical Science hospitals for providing a systematic educational training to evaluating the financial function of hospitals. Methods: the present study is a combinational method including systematic review analysis and analytical hierarchy method which was confirmed by using of the suggested paradigm for analytical hierarchy process (AHP) after extracting the indices of the function assessment of hospital. The experts consisted of 162 subjects. Findings: the indices were determined for nine groups including trainable indices for managers, cash, investment, quick ratio (acid test ratio), income, expense, exploitation, the proportion of management efficacy and other financial ratios that can be used for educational periods for managers. In addition, subscale of each of them was prioritized and measured. From the above indices, the profitability index had the highest priority which acquired the first rank with 0.246 scores for training and the least priority was related to the factor of contingency measures with 0.010 scores. Conclusion: The indices of cash, profitability, and investment had the highest scale in the educational needs of managers. The indices of the financial function defines the financial status of the hospitals and also it determines the strengths and weaknesses of the hospitals for strategic decision making, and it is fundamental for comparison between different hospitals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1910 - The Relation between Self-Regulation Learning Strategies and Achievement Motivation with Academic Performance among High School Students in Sari
Bahram Mirzaian Ramezan Hassanzadeh Kheironesa Shirdel Abstract The aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between self-regulation learning and achievement motivation with academic performance among high school students in Sari. The method of study is correlational in nature. The population co More Abstract The aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between self-regulation learning and achievement motivation with academic performance among high school students in Sari. The method of study is correlational in nature. The population consisted of 4895 students during the second educational year of 2009-2010 in Sari high schools. The sample consisted of 324 students (151 boy students and 171 girl students) who were selected using stratified random sampling method from among high school students. The research instrument was a 31-item questionnaire by Zimmerman and Pons (1986) for self-regulated learning strategies (MLSQ) with a reliability of (a=%89) and a 29-item questionnaire for achievement motivation (MAI) with a reliability of (a=%73). The data were analyzed using testing statistical significance, coefficient of determination, and for comparing independent group t-test and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and regression were used. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between self-regulation learning strategies and achievement motivation. Results showed that there is a significant difference between self-regulation learning strategies among boys and girls. Also, there is a significant difference between self-regulation learning strategies and students' achievement motivation. Besides, there is a significant difference between self-regulation learning strategies and academic performance of the students. However, there is not any significant difference between gender and achievement motivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1911 - The Effectiveness of Reflective Teaching Tools in English Language Teaching
Hamidreza FatemipourAbstract The purpose of the present study was to determine whether different reflective teaching tools obtained the same kind of data. If not, which tool provided the reflective teachers with more reliable data? In order to investigate the research question, a researche MoreAbstract The purpose of the present study was to determine whether different reflective teaching tools obtained the same kind of data. If not, which tool provided the reflective teachers with more reliable data? In order to investigate the research question, a researcher-made questionnaire related to the teachers’ decision making was designed. The population of the study consisted of all the Teachers (i.e., around 60 teachers) and students (i.e., around 2500 students) in the English Department of Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch in the academic year of 2006-2007. The method of selecting the research sample was simple random sampling. The research sample was comprised of 10 teachers and 251 students. The design of the study was descriptive (non-experimental correlational). The statistical analysis of data included the application of ANOVA and Pearson Coefficient of Correlation. The ANOVA test showed that the F observed (8.12) was significant at the 0.05 level; therefore, there were significant differences among the kind of data that different reflective tools obtained. Moreover, further analysis emphasized that some reflective teaching tools provided the teachers with more reliable data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1912 - Intellectual Capital Management in Islamic Azad University
Fattah NazemAbstract: The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the intellectual capital management in different zones of Islamic Azad University (IAU). The population consisted of all the employees of the IAU branches out of which 998 were selected using stratified r MoreAbstract: The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the intellectual capital management in different zones of Islamic Azad University (IAU). The population consisted of all the employees of the IAU branches out of which 998 were selected using stratified random sampling method. The Bentis's (1997) Intellectual capital questionnaire was administered. The results of on-way ANOVA and LSD test showed that there is a significant difference between intellectual capital management indexes in different IAU zones. The average index of intellectual capital management in zone 3 is larger than the ones in zones 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. The index in zone 4 is larger than that in 2; zone 5 is larger than 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 13; the index in zone 7 is larger than the ones in 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 13 but smaller than the rest of the zones; zone 8 is larger than 1, 2, and 6 but smaller than the rest of the zones; 9 is larger than 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 13 but smaller than other zones; this index in zone 10 is larger than that in zones 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 13 but smaller than other zones; zone 11 is larger than 2 and 6; zone 12 is larger than 2 and 6 and finally the index in zone 13 is larger than that in zone 2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1913 - The Level of Learning Organization and Organizational Development and Their Relationship in Tabriz
Houshang Taghizadeh Ghaffar Tari Abstract This paper aims at studying learning organization and organizational development and their relationship among ministry of education employees in Tabriz . The population included all educational and administrative staff employed in min More Abstract This paper aims at studying learning organization and organizational development and their relationship among ministry of education employees in Tabriz . The population included all educational and administrative staff employed in ministry of education in school district three of Tabriz who were BA holders or higher. According to Morgan’s table, 327 were selected as members of sample group. Wick and Leon’s Learning organization Questionnaire, and a researcher-made organizational development questionnaire were administered. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to correlate learning organizations and organizational development. T-test was also used to make the result more generalizable. The findings show that there is a positive correlation between learning organizations and organizational development educational and administrative staff employed in ministry of education in school district three of Tabriz. The guidelines to enhance the index of learning organization and organizational development are persented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1914 - Study of factors affecting the career adaptability of new students at Tehran University in 2014
Masoom sfri Mohamed Rabie Nasrin Mesbah Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the career adaptability of new students at Tehran University in 2014.The subjects were 1057 students who selected randomly. The subjects answer to Savykas career adaptability questionnaire and four dimensions More Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the career adaptability of new students at Tehran University in 2014.The subjects were 1057 students who selected randomly. The subjects answer to Savykas career adaptability questionnaire and four dimensions of career adaptability, concern, control, curiosity and confidence and related factors were studied. Using statistical methods like means, standard deviation and variance analysis to evaluate the difference between the dimensions of career adaptability with its related factors were examined, significant difference was found between the dimensions of career adaptability and related factors. The results describe the dimensions of career adaptability of students showed that about 49 percent of the students have a high concern and About 43/3 percent of students have high control and Approximately 53/3 percent of students have a high curiosity and About 47/4 percent of the students have high confidence in their career path And in total about 50/2 percent of students had high career adaptability. study The difference in career adaptability dimensions with gender (male and female) showed that girls has more concerned than boys And the difference between them was significant, study The dimensions of career adaptability with age, showed no significant difference, These results can be used in the development and promotion of career adaptability of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1915 - The Effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Creativity and Entrepreneurship among Payam-e-Noor University Students of West Azerbaijan
Hossein Zare Davoud Karimzadegan Taher Mahboubi Masumeh BagherpourAbstract This study evaluates the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on creativity and entrepreneurship among Payam-e-Noor students. In this causal-comparative study, the population included all undergraduate students of Payam-eNoorUniversit MoreAbstract This study evaluates the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on creativity and entrepreneurship among Payam-e-Noor students. In this causal-comparative study, the population included all undergraduate students of Payam-eNoorUniversity of West Azerbaijan province in the academic year of 2009-2010 who were selected through stratified random sampling method (543 females and 362 males). Research tools included the entrepreneurship questionnaire and creativity questionnaire. Data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive (mean, median, standard deviation ...) and inferential (ANOVA multivariate). The results of ANOVA showed significant effect of ICT in general (simultaneously) and separately for men and women on creativity and entrepreneurship at the level of 0.01. Given the findings from analysis of data, the effect of ICT on creativity and entrepreneurship of students was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1916 - Investigating the Relationship Between Managers' Multiple Intelligences with the Establishment of Participatory Management Style in Elementary Schools in Tehran
mohammad barmeh fereshteh kordestaniIn the research, "The study of the relationship between multiple managers' intelligences with the establishment of participatory leadership style in elementary schools in Tehran" is a descriptive study method and the research is a correlation study. The statistical popu MoreIn the research, "The study of the relationship between multiple managers' intelligences with the establishment of participatory leadership style in elementary schools in Tehran" is a descriptive study method and the research is a correlation study. The statistical population consisted of all primary school principals in Tehran (ordinary schools, witnesses, board of trustees, gifted and non-governmental), of whom 320 were selected by stratified sampling method. Data collection tools consisted of two Gardner multiple intelligences questionnaires And the shepherd's collaborative management questionnaire. Reliability and validity of information gathering tools were investigated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and content validity and the results were presented in the form of a joint statement. Data analysis was done in two sections: descriptive and inferential. In the descriptive section, using descriptive indexes such as mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were obtained using SPSS software. The results were as follows. The results of the research show that the multiple intelligences of managers (natural intelligence, logical intelligence, bipartite intelligence and musical intelligence) have a positive and significant correlation with the establishment of a participatory management style that includes employee participation issues in solving problems, employee participation in targeting, Employee participation in decision making and employee participation in organizational change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1917 - Construction measures for the moral development scale of students
Davood Manavipour Abstract This study aims at measuring the construction validity of moral development scale. Theoretical foundationsare the theory of moral development. Items were prepared based on their initial assessment of moral development. The content validitywas investiga More Abstract This study aims at measuring the construction validity of moral development scale. Theoretical foundationsare the theory of moral development. Items were prepared based on their initial assessment of moral development. The content validitywas investigated through experts' opinion. Some items over 75% were confirmed and chosen. The population consisted of high school students in Tehran. Test reliability coefficient was 0.93. Factor analysis showed that 55 percent of variance in the improvement of the scores can be explained by the scale of moral development. After that, varimax rotation of four major factors were identified and named. Confirmatory factor analysis of indicators of structural equation model testing demonstrated that a model is fit to the data. Finally, this questionnaire can be used to measure the moral development of students and can be used by various researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1918 - The Desirable Characteristics of the Professors as Perceived by Students in IAU
Firuz Kiomarsi Kambiz Kamkari Shohreh ShokrzadehAbstract The main purpose of the present research is to study the desirable characteristics of the professors as perceived by students in Islamic Azad University (IAU), Islamshar branch. The focus of study is mainly investigating the instructional, behavioral, and ethi MoreAbstract The main purpose of the present research is to study the desirable characteristics of the professors as perceived by students in Islamic Azad University (IAU), Islamshar branch. The focus of study is mainly investigating the instructional, behavioral, and ethical characteristics of the professors as perceived by the students of art, engineering, humanities, basic sciences, and physical education. The population of the study included all the students in IAU, Islamshahr branch in the above fields. Out of them 600 students were selected (120 from each of the above fields) using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire reliability index of 0.87. The results of one-sample t test and ANOVA indicate that instructional and behavioral characteristics are the major characteristics of professors as perceived by students of art, basic sciences, and physical education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1919 - Structural model of relationship between educational justice with results and education satisfaction, and educational citizenship behaviors and educational cheating
Mohsen Golparvar Zahra Javadian Mohammadreza Mosahebi Abstract This research was administered with the aim studying structural models of relationship between educational justice with results and education satisfaction, education citizenship behaviors and educational cheating among psychology students of Islamic Az More Abstract This research was administered with the aim studying structural models of relationship between educational justice with results and education satisfaction, education citizenship behaviors and educational cheating among psychology students of Islamic Azad University, Esfahan branch. Three hundred fifty seven persons were selected via convenience sampling, and responding to educational justice questionnaire (EJQ), educational satisfaction scale (ESS), results satisfaction scale (RSQ), educational citizenship behaviors questionnaire (ECBQ) and educational cheating questionnaire (ECQ). Research hypothesis were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results revealed that, there is positive significant relationship between educational justice with results and educational satisfaction; also there is direct-negative significant relationship between educational justice with educational citizenship behaviors. There is positive significant relation between results satisfaction with educational satisfaction and finally, there is positive and negative significant relation between educational satisfaction with educational citizenship behaviors and educational cheating . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1920 - The Effect of Electronic Instruction on Promoting ICT Skills among Employees in the Ministry of Education
Kioumars Niazazari Mohammad Salehi Abolghasem Barimani Mitra ShabaniAbstract: Life today requires full knowledge and the acquisition of skills in using information and communication technology tools in a way that life, and subsequently competition, will be so difficult without such a tool and will lead to missing lots of opportunities MoreAbstract: Life today requires full knowledge and the acquisition of skills in using information and communication technology tools in a way that life, and subsequently competition, will be so difficult without such a tool and will lead to missing lots of opportunities in people's everyday life in a society. This research aims to study the role of electronic instruction in updating the information and communication technology (ICT) knowledge and skills among the employees of the ministry of education in Babolsar. This study makes use of the descriptive method and is conducted in a field study type.The target population in this research includes all the employees of the ministry of education in Babolsar totally 1015, out of which 285 were used as samples. A researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by related professors and whose reliability was calculated to be 0.97 through Cronbach alpha formula was used to collect data. SPSS software program was used for data analysis and the descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Research findings showed that using electronic books and magazines, internet, instructional software and the MS Office software are effective in updating the employees' ICT skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1921 - The representation of research experience model and its relationship with researcher spirituality and research self-efficacy of M.A. students of Islamic Azad University of Sari
Lila mardani Maryam Taghvaei Yazdi Kiyamarz NiazazariAbstract Every nation needs to organize research activities for its development and promotion. Since students are recognized as dynamic and future-makers in any society, therefore it is necessary to determine and resolve their research drawbacks. The purpose of this res MoreAbstract Every nation needs to organize research activities for its development and promotion. Since students are recognized as dynamic and future-makers in any society, therefore it is necessary to determine and resolve their research drawbacks. The purpose of this research is the representation of research experience model and its relationship with researcher spirituality and research self-efficacy of M.A. students of Islamic Azad University of Sari. And its implementation method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population that study in this research consist all 5112 MA. Students of 2015-2016 from Islamic Azad University of Sari. From that 361 students were randomly selected based on Krejcie and Morgan sampling table and applying stratified sampling method. For data collection was used the library and the field method. The data collection tool in this research was three researcher-made questionnaire included research experience, research spirituality and research self-efficacy. The content validity of these questionnaires was approved by supervisors, advisors and experts in the field and their reliability was obtained by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively (83%, 91% and 86%). To analyze the data was used two statistical methods included descriptive statistics (frequency, indicators mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (wilcoxon test non-parametric methods, spearman correlation test, strong regression and structural equation). For analysis was used spss software and LISREL. Findings from the research suggest that the simultaneous relationship was established between the predictor variables and the criterion variable. And also the researcher spirituality had mediator role in relationship between research experiences with research self-efficacy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1922 - The Effect of Different Assessment Tasks on Iranian EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension Islamic Azad University
Akram Hashemi Abstract The aim of this study tends to explore how students adjust themselves in learning English with the aid of tasks and the interaction between students and reading proficiency. This study would like to address the relationship between assessment tasks and More Abstract The aim of this study tends to explore how students adjust themselves in learning English with the aid of tasks and the interaction between students and reading proficiency. This study would like to address the relationship between assessment tasks and reading proficiency. In order to achieve this goal, 237 students of Islamic Azad university (Roudehen and Tehran West branch) majoring in English were selected and to test their level of reading proficiency a validated IELTS test was used. Then students were divided into three groups and in each group one technique of assessment was used. At the end of the term students had the same IELTS test as a post test. In order to see students' progress based on their level of reading proficiency, one way ANOVA was conducted. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that every assessment task is not useful for students of all levels of reading proficiency. Some tasks are useful in low proficiency levels and some are helpful just in high proficiency levels. Therefore teachers, material designer and researchers should be aware of these points to improve the efficiency of the assessment tasks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1923 - The relation between conflict management styles (accomodation, avoidance, competitive) with resilience in the first period high school educational managers of Kermanshah in academic year 94-95 (a gender based study)
Parisa Mohammadi M.J Mahdian Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles (compromise,avoidance,competitive) with resilience in educational administrators. The method of the study was implicational and its type was correlational. The s More Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles (compromise,avoidance,competitive) with resilience in educational administrators. The method of the study was implicational and its type was correlational. The study sample consisted of 179 first year high school educational managers of Kermanshah (in three districts), who have worked from 2015-2016. The samples of the study were 118 participants who selected through stratified random sampling.In order to collect data, demographic questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Stephen P.Rabinse Conflict Management Style Questionnaire (1991) were used. Data were analysed by SPSS22 software and descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multivariate regression coefficient and independent T-test). The results showed that there was a negative relation between avoidance style of conflict management and resilience of educational managers. On the other hand, there was a positive relationship between compromise and conflict management styles and resilience of educational managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1924 - Comparing of teacher's job satisfaction based on principal’s educational power bases in primary schools of Tabriz district 4 in the school year 94-95.
Majid M. Ahmadlu Somayeh RostamiAbstract This study compares the primary teachers' job satisfaction District 4 Tabriz based on power bases deals with school principals. In terms of purpose, applied research, in terms of research methods, descriptive survey, and the method of data collection is field. MoreAbstract This study compares the primary teachers' job satisfaction District 4 Tabriz based on power bases deals with school principals. In terms of purpose, applied research, in terms of research methods, descriptive survey, and the method of data collection is field. The statistical population included all primary teachers Department of Education District 4 Tabriz is 701 the number of persons. To determine the sample size, Morgan table was used that was equal to 248 and for the selection of respondents, the simple random sampling method was used. Of the 248 questionnaires distributed, 239 were returned completed questionnaires and analysis was performed based on them. To collect the required data, Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire and hinkin and schriesheim power bases questionnaire were used. SPSS software for data analysis and one-way analysis of variance was used. The result show that job satisfaction average of teachers is different based on school principal’s different bases of power. LSD test results showed that the mean difference in job satisfaction rewarded with an average job satisfaction based on expert power source is different. The average job satisfaction based on coercion power supply with power supplies and specialized law differently. Average job satisfaction, according to a power law with an average job satisfaction based on source power supply authority is different but not different with other sources. The result is another clear difference of job satisfaction based on power supply authority and expertise Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1925 - The Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors on the YRC Members’ Orientation toward Research
Majid Kaffashi Abstract The purpose of the present study was to identify the socio-cultural factors affecting the orientation of the Young Researchers’ Club (YRC) members toward conducting research and to present a theoretical pattern for it. The sample was all the YRC me More Abstract The purpose of the present study was to identify the socio-cultural factors affecting the orientation of the Young Researchers’ Club (YRC) members toward conducting research and to present a theoretical pattern for it. The sample was all the YRC members of the Islamic Azad University Branches in district 12. SPSS and LISREL softwares were applied to analyze the collected data form a questionnaire. The findings of the study suggest the formation of a linear pattern between dependent and independent variables. In other words, there is a significant relationship between cultural factors (i.e. status of the researcher, type of the YRC members’ activities, the physical place of these activities, universities’ research facilities, and the timely acceptance of the research projects) and social factors (i.e. education and income level of the club members, social status of the members’ families, and research management of the club) with the members’ orientation toward conducting research activities (i.e. writing research papers, authoring or translating books, participating in conferences, doing research projects, studying extracurricular books, and assistance in conducting research). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1926 - Morphic Field Theory in Language Learning
Rozita Zabihi Hasan AhadiAbstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the "morphic field", using language skill as a sample of various skills which people try to learn. The research method was casual-comparative. Three hundred female and male students from Islamic Azad University, South T MoreAbstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the "morphic field", using language skill as a sample of various skills which people try to learn. The research method was casual-comparative. Three hundred female and male students from Islamic Azad University, South Tehran branch have been selected by cluster sampling method. They were all studying in humanities except foreign languages. By using Power point software twenty correct and twenty incorrect Swahili pair words slides displayed for them about 10 seconds. Participants selected and wrote any word they thought they were correct. Internal consistency of these words by Cranach Alpha was 0.84 and its test-retest reliability was 0.87. The results of "binominal test" indicated that participants in % 50 of cases selected 13 words out of 20 correct words. Also, they selected the correct words in %56.25 of the cases. Furthermore, there is significant difference between selection of correct and incorrect words of Swahili language. In addition, there isn’t any significant difference between female and male in selection of correct and incorrect Swahili words. These findings consist with those studies that study Chinese and Russian languages in other countries. Thus, the "Morphic Field" theory is valuable in facilitating learning among the members of one species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1927 - Error Competence and Structural Competence in EFL Context
Ahmad Yaghoubi Abstract This investigation was conducted with the intention of possibly recognizing error competence as a new variable related to advanced learners’ structural weakness. Error competence as one of the psychological levels of error orientation is the acti More Abstract This investigation was conducted with the intention of possibly recognizing error competence as a new variable related to advanced learners’ structural weakness. Error competence as one of the psychological levels of error orientation is the active knowledge to recover from errors immediately and reduce the error consequences. And error orientation shows how learners cope with and react to their own mistakes and errors. The purpose of the study has been to determine the existence of any meaningful relationship between the error competence and the structural competence of the EFL students. The target population of the research included the English students at Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch. A sample of 200 EFL senior students was selected based on the multistage random sampling. They were administered the two instruments of the research: The Structural Error Competence Questionnaire (SECQ) and the structure section of a standard TOEFL test. The research has been conducted based on a descriptive correlational study in Iran and resulted in the existence of significant correlation between the two variables. The correlation coefficient amounted to 0.228 which was significant and positive at the 0.01 level. In conclusion, this investigation has paved the way to support the idea of having error competence as a strategy which needs training and management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1928 - Cultures Investigate the Relationship between Organizational Iran in Department of Medical Sciences And Organizational Learning.
Nejmeh Vakili SHarzad Saremi Abstract This research attempts to analyze the relationship between organizational Culture and organizational Learning. The independent variable is the organizational Culture of its components is: Get involved, Compatibility, Adaptability and Mission and the dep More Abstract This research attempts to analyze the relationship between organizational Culture and organizational Learning. The independent variable is the organizational Culture of its components is: Get involved, Compatibility, Adaptability and Mission and the dependent variable is the Management Commitment, Perspective, opening workspace and experiences, and Transfer and integration of Knowledge. The population of the research staff Department of Medical Sciences, Iran comprise that the sample consisted is 300 individuals. And the sample size of 169 patients was obtained through Cochran formula. Data collection method is included questionnaires Dennison and questionnaire Gomes et al. Method of analysis has been done using the Pearson correlation coefficient.The results showed that there is a relationship between organizational Culture and organizational. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1929 - The Effect of Management Styles (Participative and Traditional) on Teacher's Creativity of Kermanshah High Schools
Mehdi Feizi Fasih Bashir†AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between management styles (participativeand traditional) and the teacher's creativity. The study is conducted based on asurvey on a sample taken from the population. Teachers in high schools throughoutKermanshah city cons MoreAbstractThis study investigated the relationship between management styles (participativeand traditional) and the teacher's creativity. The study is conducted based on asurvey on a sample taken from the population. Teachers in high schools throughoutKermanshah city constituted the population of the study, a random sample of whichwas drawn using stratified random sampling method. 275 teachers were finallyselected as the sample for the study. Data for the study was collected using twoquestionnaires designed by the researchers. The validity and reliability of researchtools were calculated using item analysis, factor analysis, and Cronbach's Alpha.Variance and regression analysis were administered to analyze the data. The resultsindicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between themanagement style of leadership and the teacher's creativity. The female managersproved to be more influential on the teacher's creativity. In the study, it has beenconfirmed that the more supervision by the teachers themselves and the more themanagers have utilized the two-way and open styles, friendship styles anddelegation in their approaches, the grater levels of teachers’ creativity has beenobserved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1930 - The Role of Perceived Classroom Goals Structure, Motivational Strategies, and Cognitive Learning Strategies in Predicting Academic Achievement of English
Jamal Ashoori ZAHRA Arabameri Mohhamad Ashoori Hasan Rostaman Seyede Somaye Jalilabkenar Abstract This research aimed to examine the role of the perceived classroom goals structure, motivational strategies (achievement goals and self-efficacy) and cognitive learning strategies (rehearsal, elaboration, and organization) in the academic achievement Eng More Abstract This research aimed to examine the role of the perceived classroom goals structure, motivational strategies (achievement goals and self-efficacy) and cognitive learning strategies (rehearsal, elaboration, and organization) in the academic achievement English language. The population of this research was all students at third grade of state-run high schools of Varamin. For this research, 200 students (112 girls and 88 boys) were selected using stratifies randomly sampling. All of them completed the perceived classroom goals structure questionnaire (Midgley et al., 1998), motivational strategies for learning questionnaires (Pintrich et al., 1991) and the achievement goals questionnaires (Elliot & McGregor, 2001). The findings showed a positive and significant relationship between mastery approach goal, self-efficacy and rehearsal with academic achievement and a negative and significant relationship between performance avoidance goal with academic achievement. Self-efficacy, performance avoidance goal, and mastery approach goal in one predicted model predicted 42 percent of variance of language achievement and also the share of self-efficacy in the prediction of academic achievement was more than other variables. Some findings of the present research were consistent with previous research results. The theoretical implications of findings were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1931 - Factors Affecting Research Performance of Faculty Members in Islamic Azad University Roudehen Branch
Hassan Hashemi Daran Abstract: This Survey investigates the factors affecting research performance of faculty members in Islamic Azad University Roudehen branch. Methodologically, this is a correlational study. The population of this study included all faculty members of Is More Abstract: This Survey investigates the factors affecting research performance of faculty members in Islamic Azad University Roudehen branch. Methodologically, this is a correlational study. The population of this study included all faculty members of Islamic Azad University Roudehen branch, out of which 325 faculty members filled the questionnaires. Reliability of questionnaire used to collect the data was α=83% using Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated a significantly positive relationship between some of the individual and professional variables (e.g., using internet, research project, and training classes) and their research performance. In general, results showed that the above variables could explain about 68 percent of the variation in dependent variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1932 - The Effect of Training Life Skills on the Mental Health and Self-Esteem of Female Students in the Fifth Grade of Primary School
Hossein Momeni Mahmouie Saeed Teimouri Mohammad RahmanpourAbstract: The main goal of this study is the effect of life skill training on mental health and self-esteem of female students in the fifth grade of primary school. The Design of the study was quasi -experimental design with pretest - post test control group. The resear MoreAbstract: The main goal of this study is the effect of life skill training on mental health and self-esteem of female students in the fifth grade of primary school. The Design of the study was quasi -experimental design with pretest - post test control group. The research population included all fifth grade female students of primary school in Roshtkhar during academic year of 2009-2010. The 60 students were randomly selected and divided into experimental and control groups (each group 30). Research instruments included the Mental Health Koldberg test, Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem and practical guide to teaching life skills. Analysis of Covariance and independent Sample t Test indicated that teaching life skills to the students improves their mental health and self-esteem. Also, teaching life skills affects the physical symptoms of anxiety and insomnia but has no significant effect on productivity and depression. The effect of teaching general life skills on self-esteem, social self-esteem, and academic self-esteem has been proved significant. That was not significant for family self-esteem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1933 - A Proposal to Run an Inter-Library Loan System in IAU Libraries
Mohammadrahim Rasouliazad Abstract This study aims at putting forward the proposal to run an inter –library loan (ILL) system in Islamic Azad University (IAU) libraries . Using survey method, 84 central libraries of the major branches of Islamic Azad University w More Abstract This study aims at putting forward the proposal to run an inter –library loan (ILL) system in Islamic Azad University (IAU) libraries . Using survey method, 84 central libraries of the major branches of Islamic Azad University were under investigation. A questionnaire was administered to measure the standards of the university libraries, technological equipments and facilities, telecommunication and networking. Then, possibility analysis and needs analysis of the proposal was done from library managers’ point of view. The results indicate that libraries undergo certain shortcomings regarding their organization and management,and their annual budget is floating. 99% of the libraries are equipped with LAN and 95% have internet connections. 54.2% of the libraries have cooperation of any kind with the ither libraries, 48.6% of which is related to ILL. Accoeding to the managers, the potential problems for running an ILL system include lack of dfficient management framework, lack of a comprehensive book classification in IAU, lack of a comprehensive information network, the possibility of losing and damaging sources, low budget, lack of computerized, telecommunication and network facilities, expert human resources, approapriate regulations and lack of mutusl cooperation of the libraries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1934 - Meta-analysis of Researches on Work Life Quality of Higher Education Institutions Faculty Members
Zohreh shakibayi Abstract: This study aims to conduct meta-analysis on investigating about faculty members’ working life quality in higher education organizations. The statistical community includes all conducted researches on faculty members’ working life quality in More Abstract: This study aims to conduct meta-analysis on investigating about faculty members’ working life quality in higher education organizations. The statistical community includes all conducted researches on faculty members’ working life quality in higher education organizations of Iran, by the end of 2014. 24 researches were chosen as being suitable to do meta-analysis through purposeful sampling. The research instrument was a checklist for selecting researches from technical and methodological aspects. The preferential meta-analysis model contained the mixed approach of Hunter and Smith. In addition, Cohen’s approach was used for interpreting research findings. The findings showed that the effectiveness of faculty members’ working life quality in higher education organizations is 0.456, which is higher than average according to interpreting indexes. The dimensions of faculty members’ working life quality in higher education organizations include fair payment, safe working environment, providing the opportunity to grow, legal positivism in labor organization, social dependence to working life, social integration and human capabilities development, which were significant in 0.001 levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1935 - On the Relationship between Learning Strategies and EFL Learners’ Level of Proficiency
Mojtaba MohammadiAbstract This study mainly aims at investigating the relationship between learners’ use of learning strategies in the process of English language learning and their command of English among English students in university. Out of 368 freshmen English language stud MoreAbstract This study mainly aims at investigating the relationship between learners’ use of learning strategies in the process of English language learning and their command of English among English students in university. Out of 368 freshmen English language students, 189 students studying English Language at Islamic Azad University - Roudehen Branch were selected applying cluster random sampling. Oxford's Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) and an ETS version of TOEFL examination (2003) were administered. The findings indicated that participants’ use of learning strategies in their study had correlation with their English proficiency level. Moreover, there is no significant difference between male and female students regarding the use of learning strategies in relation with their proficiency level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1936 - An analysis of relationship between transformational leadership style in managers in Ostandari Khorasan Razavi entrepreneurship capabilities in personnel
Hamid Rahimi Mobina Ghoraba Akram Dabashi Reza Rafati Abstract The purpose of this research was an analysis of relationship between transformational leadership style in managers Ostandari Khorasan Razavi and entrepreneurship capabilities in personnel. The research type was descriptive - correlative method. Th More Abstract The purpose of this research was an analysis of relationship between transformational leadership style in managers Ostandari Khorasan Razavi and entrepreneurship capabilities in personnel. The research type was descriptive - correlative method. The statistical population consisted of 79 personnel of which through simple random sampling method 32 members were chosen as the sample. The research instrument was 1).transformational leadership style questionnaire with 22 items and 2).entrepreneurship questionnaire with 47 items which by use of Cronbach alpha coefficient, reliability coefficients were obtained equal to 0.93 for entrepreneurship questionnaire and 0.91 for transformational leadership style questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed at level of inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, multivariate variance and regression). Research findings revealed that mean of entrepreneurship dimensions is bigger than average. The research findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership style and need for achievement and ambiguity tolerance. Also there are a positive and significant relationship between independency and All components of entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1937 - Investigating the Relationship between Self–Esteem and Creativity with Entrepreneurship among the Students of PN University of Boukan
Parinaz Banisi Parinaz Banisi Baharak Shirzad Kebrya -
Open Access Article
1938 - The Study and Analysis of Elementary School Teachers' Explaining
Kamran Gaji Rasool Kord Noghabi Rozita ZabihAbstract The aim of present study was collecting and analyzing elementary school teachers' oral questions in Sama schools of Islamic Azad University in district five. For this purpose the teaching processes of 32 teachers (20 women and 12 men) in four grades (grades two MoreAbstract The aim of present study was collecting and analyzing elementary school teachers' oral questions in Sama schools of Islamic Azad University in district five. For this purpose the teaching processes of 32 teachers (20 women and 12 men) in four grades (grades two, three, four and five) in five cities were recorded by means of MP3 player. The recordings included the subjects of Persian, Mathematics and Science for ten sessions. Inverse questionnaire and rating scale were used for extraction of collected information. Data were analyzed by descriptive methods and chi square test. The result of the analysis of 960 sessions and 11617 explains with reverse questionnaire and rating scale shows that: The relation between grades of education and the reason of explaining was statistically significant. Also the relation between reason of explaining and types of subjects and explaining approach and grades of education were significant. Teachers prefer to explain concept training, goals and targets, outcomes, cause and effect, process and methods. Teachers, using the modern and complex approach of explaining by increasing the grades of education. The weakness points of teachers in explaining were include: clarity of introduction, suitable sentences structure, enough concrete examples, suitable silences, giving direction verbal clues, using suitable material and educational media, clarity of explaining approach, gradually summarizing subjects, changing the speed of talking or level of subject, and review of students ‘participate in arguments. Due to the importance of explaining, more attention should be paid to this subject in teacher training and in –service training courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1939 - The study of talent management statues in the faculty members of Mohaghegh Ardabili University (Mixed method)
Massoud Moradi Mohammad Bashokoh Hassan AhmadiAbstract The aim of this research was to investigate the talent management statues in the faculty members of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Therefore, in the first quantitative phase, case study was used and the qualitative data was basic on this result collected. The r MoreAbstract The aim of this research was to investigate the talent management statues in the faculty members of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Therefore, in the first quantitative phase, case study was used and the qualitative data was basic on this result collected. The research population was 253 faculty members of Mohaghegh Ardabili University which 121 members of them were selected via cluster sampling method and 9 members of them were studied through purposeful sampling in the qualitative phase. Tools for collecting quantitative data was a researcher- designed questionnaire which its reliability was 92%. For collecting qualitative data, unstructured interview was conducted which validated based on triangulation and participant feedback. Due to analyzing quantitative data, T test was used for Inductive content analysis through open coding and applied for analyzing qualitative data. The results showed that attract, selection and evaluation of talent is desirable but talent retention and development of the faculty members is undesirable. Also the findings showed that the lack of necessary facilities and the traditional structure of the system leads to undesirable situation of talent develop and retain of faculty members. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1940 - Evaluate the relationship between organizational learning and organizational innovation experts of Isfahan University
Mohammadtaghi Mahmodi Forazan AfzalKohi Azam Forozandeh Abstract This study aimed to "examine the relationship between organizational learning and organizational innovation experts Isfahan University" is the method was studied. University experts who study population consisted of 273 people, 130 of them simple random More Abstract This study aimed to "examine the relationship between organizational learning and organizational innovation experts Isfahan University" is the method was studied. University experts who study population consisted of 273 people, 130 of them simple random sampling method and on the basis of writing and colleagues (1372) were selected. The instruments used in this research were organizational learning Nife (2001) and organizational innovation questionnaire that reliability through Cornbrash's alpha .090 And .089 Obtained . For data analysis Pearson correlation, stepwise regression was used. Pearson correlation test showed a significant relationship between organizational learning and organizational innovation there. Test results show that all components of organizational learning has a positive and significant relationship with organizational innovation. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between dimensions of organizational learning and organizational innovation (product innovation, process innovation and business innovation) There is a significant positive relationship. Regression analysis showed that among the components of organizational learning, knowledge sharing four dimensions, organizational learning culture, leadership and team work and learning as predictive variables, regression equation to explain changes to the criteria for organizational innovation ( criterion variable), possess and components of systems thinking, common vision and competence and skills of employees due to lack significant role in predicting organizational innovation was removed from the equation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1941 - The Relationship between Learning Strategies and Problem-Solving Styles with Educational Achievement1
Heydarali Zarei Ahmad MarndiAbstract: The present research was done with the purpose of surveying the relationship between learning strategies and problem–solving styles with educational achievement. 293 subjects were chosen from those studying the courses in humanities and engineering throu MoreAbstract: The present research was done with the purpose of surveying the relationship between learning strategies and problem–solving styles with educational achievement. 293 subjects were chosen from those studying the courses in humanities and engineering through stratified random sampling. Learning Strategies questionnaire by Pentrich & et al (M.S.Q.L) and Cassidy & Long's problem-solving styles questionnaire were administered. Data were analyzed using Pearson's coefficient of correlation, independent t test and multiple regressions. The result showed that there is a relation between learning strategies and educational achievement. Also, out of problem-solving styles, only creative style shows meaningful relation with educational achievement. Moreover, there is a positive relation between the various learning strategies and creative problem-solving, confidence, and attitude and a meaningful negative relation with helplessness. Control and avoidance styles didn’t also show any relation with learning strategies. Furthermore, no meaningful difference was observed between gender and learning strategies except in metacognitive self-regulation strategy. Also, the students in the humanities use learning strategies more than students in engineering. However, there wasn’t any difference between them in using problem-solving styles. The results of regression analysis showed that elaboration strategy and creative problem-solving style can predict the educational achievement. On the whole, learning strategies and problem-solving styles explain 5.8 % of educational achievement variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1942 - A Study on the Nanotechnology Researchers’ Information Needs and Information Retrieval Behavior
Sahar Mehraban jovini Tahereh Hasoomi Abolghasem Koochaki Abstract The purpose of this pro More Abstract The purpose of this project is to study the nanotechnology researchers’ information needs and information retrieval behavior. Its Methodology is questionnaire survey. Research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was calculated through Cronbach α (α= 0,914) and whose content validity was analyzed and approved through expert opinions.1225 researchers in nanotechnology are included as the research population out of whom 291 researchers, based on Krejcie and Morgan table, were selected using cluster random sampling method. Out of distributed questionnaires (500), 243 of them (84% of the sample) were returned completed. Statistical analyses were carried out in SPSS and Excel environments. The results of research indicate that, 69.7 % researchers mainly use articles, 58.8 % of them e-journals, and a few of them use bibliographies as formal sources. Their ideal type of resource is e-resources. Their motives to use information are mainly conducting research projects and updating their field-related information. Academic centers are where they usually refer to address their information needs. The major problems to access information are inappropriate internet services and lack of access to certain data bases due to subscription issues Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1943 - The Relationship between Philosophic-Mindedness and Creativity among Faculty Members of IAU Zanjan Branch
Faranak Mousavi Hassan Pashasharifi Abstract This study aimed at investigating the relationship between philosophic-mindedness (measured as comprehensiveness, penetration, and flexibility) and degree of creativity among faculty members of Islamic Azad University (IAU), Zanjan Branch. The populati More Abstract This study aimed at investigating the relationship between philosophic-mindedness (measured as comprehensiveness, penetration, and flexibility) and degree of creativity among faculty members of Islamic Azad University (IAU), Zanjan Branch. The population of the study was comprised of 440, out of which 210 were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected administering creativity and philosophic-mindedness questionnaire with validity indices of 0.81 and 0.80 respectively. Both descriptive and inferential statistics indices were applied to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between philosophic-mindedness and the degree of creativity of the faculty members (p< 0.01). Also, there exist significant relationships between three indices of comprehensiveness, penetration, flexibility and degree of creativity. Applying t test, no significant relationship is found between philosophic-mindedness and the degree of creativity of the faculty members in humanities and basic sciences. Moreover, there is no significant relationship between male and female professors regarding their creativity (p< 0.05), whereas regarding their level of philosophic-mindedness, male exceeded female. Taking the indices of philosophic-mindedness into account, penetration shows a gender difference. That is, male professors present a more significant level of penetration than female while both were similar regarding other indices of comprehensiveness and flexibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1944 - Methods to Encourage Teachers in the Damavand’s Secondary Schools to Use Lesson Plan
Reza Nahavandi Kobra Lashgari Alireza Talkhabi Alishah Abstract: This research is done to investigate the teachers’ encouraging methods to use lesson plans in junior high school in Damavand town. Based on the related theoretical principles found in the literature, a list of factors which could have any influenc More Abstract: This research is done to investigate the teachers’ encouraging methods to use lesson plans in junior high school in Damavand town. Based on the related theoretical principles found in the literature, a list of factors which could have any influence on teachers’ encouragement to use lesson plan was identified. Then a questionnaire was constructed to collect the 165 secondary school teachers’ attitudes towards the use of lesson plan in the class. The obtained data were analyzed using one sample t test, independent t test, and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that unawareness of how to prepare lesson plan, unawareness of lesson plan benefits, lack of time, the length and kind of lessons, passing training classes, and managers’ reactions have important roles in the use of lesson plans by teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1945 - The Role of Beliefs and Metacognitive Awareness in the Strategic Reading Behavior of ESL Learners
Fatemeh Khonamri Abstract &n More Abstract In the present study, the relationship between ESL advanced students’ beliefs, metacognition and their strategic reading performance was examined. The study was divided into two phases. In the first phase of the study, three questionnaires were used to investigate the relationship between metacognitive awareness and learners’ beliefs. In the second phase, learners’ strategic reading behavior was explored through think-aloud protocol analysis, retrospective questions and interviews. Through correlational analyses conducted with the entire sample, it was clear that significant positive correlations exist between BALLI and BAR (r =.393). The one-way Anova analyses indicated that the belief variables (BALLI and BAR) accounted for a greater portion of total MQ variance (mean square =.141). The result of the second phase of the study indicated that though the metacognitive knowledge was shown to play no significant role in the strategic reading behavior of the subjects, it proved useful in facilitating the reading performance of the readers. In short, the findings of the study suggest an interaction between beliefs, metacognitive knowledge and strategic reading behavior o f learners. This may mean that in reading instruction, a consideration of these variables can lead to better reading performances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1946 - relationship between organizational learning and librarian empowerment of public libraries in Markazi Province
safar Moradininia Mansour Torkiantabar tahereh hasommiThe present research is conducted to study the relationship between organizational learning and librarian empowerment of public libraries in Markazi Province. This is a descriptive survey. Research statistical population included 146 librarians of public libraries in Ma MoreThe present research is conducted to study the relationship between organizational learning and librarian empowerment of public libraries in Markazi Province. This is a descriptive survey. Research statistical population included 146 librarians of public libraries in Markazi province working at 12 offices and 1 management unit. Due to limited statistical population, all (146) individuals were investigated without sampling. Research data were collected using through a demographic questionnaire, Spritzer's psychological empowerment questionnaire, and Nife's Organizational Learning Questionnaire. Research results showed that there is a strong positive relationship between five empowerment components and organizational learning. The significant relationship between job and organizational learning was 0.937; it equaled 0.934 for the relationship between competence and organizational learning. The relationship between independence and organizational learning was measured r=0.924; the relationship between effectiveness and organizational learning was obtained 0.953. And finally, the relationship between trust in colleagues and organizational learning was 0.964. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1947 - The effect shyness on academic achievement English language Student of university English language class
Marzieh gholami tooranposhti Samad karimzadehAbstract The main purpose of this study is the effect of shyness on academic achievement for English language student of university in English language class.the population of this study was all boy students of university participated in English language class in MoreAbstract The main purpose of this study is the effect of shyness on academic achievement for English language student of university in English language class.the population of this study was all boy students of university participated in English language class in Sirjan city. Out of The society, 50 person selected for sample. Measurement tools in this research were shyness questionnaire to encountered of reliability and validity, Academic achievement English language measurement by the scores that the students took at the end of term. The results showed 40% student of university participated in English language class were shy. Data analyse with correlation way showed there is significant relation between achievement score in English language and shyness and interested in English language The results of regression test showed that it’s possible to predict of predictor variable shyness score (with ninety nine confidence) criterion variable (academic achievement in English language) the model is as follows: Academic achievement in English language=33.669+0.497 shyness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1948 - The Relationship between Self-Regulation Learning and Educational Skills and Academic Achievement among Students of IAU Khomeinishahr Branch
Fahimeh NamdarpourAbstract This study explored the relationship between self-regulation learning and educational skills and academic achievement of the students studying at Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr Branch. 350 students from different disciplines were selected using stratif MoreAbstract This study explored the relationship between self-regulation learning and educational skills and academic achievement of the students studying at Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr Branch. 350 students from different disciplines were selected using stratifies random sampling method. Data were collected administering Self-Regulation Learning Questionnaire and a researcher-made study skills questionnaire. They were analyzed through correlation of coefficient, one-way ANOVA and regression formulas using SPSS software. The results suggest that 1) there is a significant positive relationship between self-regulation learning and educational skills among students, 2) there is a significant negative relationship between controlled regulation and students’ educational skills, 3) No significant relationship exist between any type of the regulation learning and academic achievement of the students, 4) different types regulation learning can significantly predict their educational skills. No significant difference is found in using types of regulation learning among students of different sexes and disciplines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1949 - The Effect of Knowledge Management on Teachers’ Performance in Girl High Schools in Tehran
Mahnaz Joorabchi Ali Akbar KhosraviAbstractThis research was done to create an acquaintance with the subject of knowledgemanagement, its effects on schools success and its utilities in teachers’ activities.The population of the study in this project consisted of the whole number of girlhigh school MoreAbstractThis research was done to create an acquaintance with the subject of knowledgemanagement, its effects on schools success and its utilities in teachers’ activities.The population of the study in this project consisted of the whole number of girlhigh school students in Tehran among which we randomly chose a sample of 381girls, studying in the second grade. The research tool, with which the data weregathered, was a questionnaire in the form of four-choice items. The resulting datawere analyzed by doing descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test andPearson correlation coefficient). The results of the analysis showed that the more theteachers are familiar with the elements of knowledge management, the more they actin it and it brings about an enhancement in their performance. (These elementsinclude: discovery and invention of knowledge, inclusion of students’ cooperation,the share of students’ knowledge by teachers, getting benefits from technology andthe evaluation of students by teachers.) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1950 - The Effect of "Philosophy for Children" Program as Community of Inquiry on Improving Interpersonal Relationship of Primary School's Students
Mehrnoush Hedayati Yahya Gha’edi Abdollah Shafiabadi Gholamreza YounesiAbstract To investigate the effect of community of inquiry method on improvement of interpersonal relationship skills, based on Lipman’s theory, an experiment was conducted in Tehran primary schools among students of third, fourth and fifth grade. 190 boy and gir MoreAbstract To investigate the effect of community of inquiry method on improvement of interpersonal relationship skills, based on Lipman’s theory, an experiment was conducted in Tehran primary schools among students of third, fourth and fifth grade. 190 boy and girl students were randomly selected (97 boys, 93 girls) and assigned to experimental and control groups (88 experimental, 102 control). The experimental group was taught based on community of inquiry method for twelve 90-minute sessions. Cooper, Ardly & Asher questionnaire for students and Vir & Davin questionnaire for teachers were used as the instruments of the study for collecting data about interpersonal relationship skills. To examine the effect of treatment, the collected data were analyzed using various descriptive and inferential statistical techniques such as mean, standard of deviation, ANOVA, paired and independent T test. The comparison of pre-test's means of both experimental and control group didn't show any significant difference. But the results of pre-test and post-test of both experimental and control group indicate that the mean of post-test in experimental group is relatively more than that of pre-test in interpersonal relationship skills while the mean score of control group hasn't undertaken a significant difference in post-test. Moreover, the mean of experimental group in post-test is higher than that of control group in post-test. Besides, to investigate insolubility of implementation effect, again the students were rechecked after 4 months. The results have indicated the insolubility of effect. Therefore, this semi-experimental study has shown that implementing community of inquiry method has positively affected interpersonal relationship skills of the experimental group. The effect that remained unchanged for at least 4 months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1951 - Study of the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Social Capital of Teachers in Tabriz Boys’ High School
Houshang Taghizadeh Gholamreza Soltani FesghandisAbstract: The aim of this paper was to determine the relationship between organizational culture and social capital of teachers in boys’ high school of Tabriz. To get to the mentioned aim, four hypotheses have been compiled and tested. The population of this study MoreAbstract: The aim of this paper was to determine the relationship between organizational culture and social capital of teachers in boys’ high school of Tabriz. To get to the mentioned aim, four hypotheses have been compiled and tested. The population of this study included all the teachers of Tabriz boys’ high School in five zones in years 2008-09. Using Morgan table, the statistical sample was estimated to be 320 teachers which have been sampled through stratified random sampling. To collect the related data to test the hypotheses of the study, we used the standard questionnaire of organizational culture of Denison model and the researcher’s questionnaire of social capital. For analyzing data, Kolomogorov-Smirnov and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were used. The result of the study showed that there is a meaningful relationship between adaptability culture, mission culture, participative culture, consistency culture, and social capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1952 - The Role of Education in Tourism Industry Boom and Tourist Satisfaction in Iran
Majid Kaffashi Abstract The present paper was the result of a set of studies aiming at recognizing the problems and difficulties of Tourism industry in Iran. In this research, sampling was done in cross-sectional method from tourist hotels in Isfahan, i.e. 200 tourists from More Abstract The present paper was the result of a set of studies aiming at recognizing the problems and difficulties of Tourism industry in Iran. In this research, sampling was done in cross-sectional method from tourist hotels in Isfahan, i.e. 200 tourists from eight nationalities and 50 experts from Tourism industry were examined. In the theoretical framework of the research some theories such as the theory of exchange and the theory of sustainable tourism development were also considered. This research tried to answer the following questions: what are the effective factors in attraction and repulsion of Iran’s Tourism industry? How satisfied are the foreign tourists traveling to Iran (Isfahan)? And what factors are involved in this satisfaction? Data analysis indicated that the following factors would affect the tourists' satisfaction and the boom in Iran’s tourism industry: Improving tourist welfare facilities, providing more period of stay, establishing security, having more publicity campaign, decreasing religious restrictions, planning private investment in tourism industry, developing stable transportation, lifting commercial limitation, upgrading educational quality in tourist areas, expanding Iran’s cultural relations with other countries, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1953 - An Investigation the Relationship between Bilingualism and the Learning of English Language
Nasser yoosefi Ahmad Sohrabi Ozera Etemadi Seyed Ahmad AhmadiAbstract: This Study investigates the relationship between bilingualism and monolingualism in English language learning among boy student of the third grade in junior high schools.200 students who were Farsi-Arab bilinguals were selected using cluster MoreAbstract: This Study investigates the relationship between bilingualism and monolingualism in English language learning among boy student of the third grade in junior high schools.200 students who were Farsi-Arab bilinguals were selected using cluster random sampling from schools in District 4 in Ahvaz . Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, Ryan Intelligence Test, teacher-made final exam.The results indicates that the highest degree of correlation was calculated between students’English language learning and learner-centered teaching method. Except two variables of learning-centeredness and stidents’ sequence of birthdays, other variables show a correlation with English language learning especially bilingualism learner-centered teaching, economic and cultural status of the family , appropriate condition of the institutes, teachers education, and students’ intelligence. These variable explain 88% of the variation in language learning . Controlling individual variables, a significant correlation is calculated between language learning score and bilingualism (r = 47 , α <0/05), Therefore, bilingualism can explain %25 of the variation in language learning which is meaningful at (α <0/05).With controlling individual, family, anf institution variables, a significant difference is observed between bilingual and monolingual students in learning English language.ANCOVA has also indicates the same results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1954 - The Relationship between Learning Cognitive Approaches and Big Five Personality Factors with Critical Thinking Attitude of Students in Tabriz University
Khalil Soltanalgorraie Parvaneh AlaieAbstract: This descriptive research was accomplished to study relationship between learning cognitive approaches and big five personality factors with critical thinking attitude of students. 345 undergraduate students of Tabriz University who were studying in the spring MoreAbstract: This descriptive research was accomplished to study relationship between learning cognitive approaches and big five personality factors with critical thinking attitude of students. 345 undergraduate students of Tabriz University who were studying in the spring semester of 2009 were chosen by the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Kolb Learning Style Inventory, NEO-PI Inventory (60 item), California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory were administered. ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression statistical methods were used for analyzing data in SPSS 11.5 software. Abstract conceptualization cognitive approach (β=0.26) and three personality factors of Neuroticism (β=-0.74), Openness (β=1.03) and Conscientiousness (β=0.62) predicted 0.39 variance of critical thinking attitude (P<0.01). There were significant correlations between Extraversion (r=0.36), Openness (r=0.33), Conscientiousness (r=0.44), Agreeableness (r=0.30) and Neuroticism (r=-0.42) to critical thinking attitude (P<0.01). There were positive correlation between Neuroticism and concrete experience and reflective observation cognitive approaches (P<0.01, 0.05); This relationship was negative with active experimentation and abstract conceptualization cognitive approaches (P< 0.05). There was negative correlation between Extraversion and concrete experience (P<0.05); This relationship was positive with active experimentation approach (P< 0.01). There was negative correlation between Conscientiousness and reflective observation (p<0.05); This relationship was positive with active Experimentation (p<0.01). There was negative relation between Openness and active experimentation (P<0.05). Also, there was a relationship between learning styles and personality factors of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness (P< 0.01, 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1955 - Analyzing Gender Gaps in Gaining Entrance to Administrative Positions from the Perspective of Faculty Members and Staff in IAU Roudehen Branch
Hasan Hashemi Daran Narjes EbadatiAbstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of gender in attaining managerial positions in Islamic Azad University (IAU), Roudehen Branch. It also dealt with the issues such as women participation, knowing social status of the women, women&r MoreAbstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of gender in attaining managerial positions in Islamic Azad University (IAU), Roudehen Branch. It also dealt with the issues such as women participation, knowing social status of the women, women’s job promotion, the pathology of women’s failure in gaining senior management positions, and the cultural, personality, and organizational aspects of women’s employment in different administrative levels. The population of the study consisted of all the faculty members and staff in the Islamic Azad University Roudehen Branch (amounted to 702), out of which 462 were randomly selected. In this descriptive research, a questionnaire with the reliability index of 0.8 was administered to collect data. To analyze the data, Pearson’s Product Moment coefficient of correlation and regression index were used. The results of the study indicates that some factors such as interest and self-confidence, individual factors, gender attitude to administrative positions, certain rules and regulations, together with experience and education are so influential in gaining administrative positions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1956 - The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Creativity with the Level of Education in Employees of Science and Technology Parks in Shiraz
Seyed Ali Shamsniya Ebadellah Ahmadi Mohammad Afsharof the high importance of creativity and entrepreneurship, the present study explored this subject. According to the scope of this research and the method of studying the questions, the method of research was a description of correlation, and the target population invol Moreof the high importance of creativity and entrepreneurship, the present study explored this subject. According to the scope of this research and the method of studying the questions, the method of research was a description of correlation, and the target population involved about 400 employees of science and technology parks of Shiraz, 70 of whom were selected as samples by Cochrane formula. The random selection method is simple and due to these points, the questionnaire for evaluating specifications of the entrepreneurs with consistency and justifiability of 87%, and the questionnaire for evaluating creativity with consistency and justifiability of 84% were distributed among the employees of science and technology parks of Shiraz. After gathering data, they were analyzed by SPSS software. In this research, descriptive charts of absolute abundance, abundance percentage, central index (mean), standard deviation, different types of diagrams, linear regression, and correlation test were used. The results showed that there is a significant relation between entrepreneurship and creativity, and this relation is linear and direct. Furthermore, it was found that there is a significant relation between these two and the level of education, and the employees with higher education have more creativity and sense of entrepreneurship. Other results showed that there is a positive correlation between the four dimensions of creativity (fluidity, flexibility, innovation, and expansion) and entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1957 - Feedback Diversity on Students' Written Assignments: A Local Investigation of Persian Speakers
Majid Nemati Jafar Dorri Kafrani Reza Vahdani SanaviAbstract The vitality of teacher response to students' writing is not only undeniable (Ferris, Pezone, Tade & Tini, 1997) but also as Coffin et al. (2003) believe, is a central pedagogic practice. Despite the existence of studies in the area of written teacher comm MoreAbstract The vitality of teacher response to students' writing is not only undeniable (Ferris, Pezone, Tade & Tini, 1997) but also as Coffin et al. (2003) believe, is a central pedagogic practice. Despite the existence of studies in the area of written teacher commentary (Bowen, Madsen, & Hilferty, 1985; Cohen, 1987; Doff, 1990; Fathman & Whalley, 1985; Ferris, 2002; Frodesen, 2001; Rieken, 1991; Zamel, 1985), there are still doubts about the most effective types of teacher feedback. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of three most prevalent error treatment techniques directive (explicit), partial (researchers’ terminology), and general feedback. To accomplish the expected goal, three groups of female students with intermediate level of proficiency were selected and the written errors of each group were treated according to one of the feedback techniques during the course of study. The analysis of the students' scores revealed that students receiving the directive feedback, improved significantly in comparison with those in the other two groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1958 - Provide a pattern of empowerment of the elite to interact with the business environment based on knowledge economy.
Mansour Bakhsh Amin Akhtar jamali Fareideh Reshadat jooThe number of students in the country has increased dramatically in recent years , and many have been identified so thatscholarly articles have been published and pu MoreThe number of students in the country has increased dramatically in recent years , and many have been identified so thatscholarly articles have been published and published, but scientific products have not become a product and issues havenot been changed. The main purpose of this paper is to present an elite empowerment pattern in engagement with the business environmentbased on knowledge economy. methods: this research is applied in terms of practical and development purpose and in terms of how it is studied andcollected data, descriptive - observation and survey. the sampling method in this study is a purposeful method. the statistical population of the research was 3000 managers of founding knowledge companies in the entire country of iran in2016 - 2015, some of which were made to a questionnaire consisting of 80 questions based on a Likert scale ranging from80 questionnaires were completed by samples and were used to conduct research. The validity of the questionnaire wasapproved by 10 professors from the Islamic Azad University and was used to determine the validity of the structure fromexploratory factor analysis with the method of principal component analysis and واریماکس rotation ( KMO. reliability ofquestionnaire was determined. for data analysis, exploratory factor analysis and ahp method was used by spss and lisrelsoftware. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1959 - Investigating the Impact of Cyberspace (Mobile and Internet) on the Socialization of High School Students in District 17 of Tehran
Reza ali Mohseni Ahmad AzariAbstract High school students are to choose and form the personality. If their learning and socialization does not match the values and norms of society, it can have negative effects on the individual and the society. One of the effective factors on students&rsqu MoreAbstract High school students are to choose and form the personality. If their learning and socialization does not match the values and norms of society, it can have negative effects on the individual and the society. One of the effective factors on students’ socialization, is cyber space which had have developed massively in Iran which could have negative effects on students’ socialization. This study aims to investigate the effect of cyber space (internet and cellphones) on socialization of male high school students on 17th district of Tehran in academic year of 94-95. According to the theories of Giddens, Castells and Bordio, theoretical framework of this study with the assumptions of being attractive, diversity, timeliness and availability of cyberspace was studied. The research hypotheses were tested with survey method. Study population consisted of male high school students of Tehran’s 17th district, which counted as 3377 from which 340 students were selected for sample study. Findings show that cyber space usage is quite high among high school students and the power of this space is handled by people whose culture is in contradiction with ours and considering the factors of being attractive, diversity, timeliness and availability of cyberspace, it’s significantly effective among students and this effect can cause negative socialization and cultural attach which would make students to experience cultural Heterogeneity and its impact on society is fragility of values and norms and on the individual is emotionally unstable personality crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1960 - The Role of Social Networks on Privacy
MohammadHadi Khoshraftar Sara MohammadpourVirtual social networks have expanded over the past decade, and especially in Iran, individuals regardless of age, gender, and social and economic base have welcomed the frequent membership of these networks. In addition to this material culture, it is necessary to set MoreVirtual social networks have expanded over the past decade, and especially in Iran, individuals regardless of age, gender, and social and economic base have welcomed the frequent membership of these networks. In addition to this material culture, it is necessary to set up and establish rules. Because of the widespread use of virtual social networks, despite the benefits of these networks, we see new challenges and abuses, especially in the field of personal information in the family, finance, and etc., and according to The importance of privacy of individuals as a fundamental human right; in the present article, the main purpose is to examine the role of telegram and WhatsApp networks on individuals' privacy. In this regard, the relationship between the sharing of interests by members, content creation by members and targeted advertising with the privacy threat of individuals. The research method is survey and a researcher-made questionnaire (with Cronbach's alpha, 0/962) is used to collect the data. The statistical population of the survey is all the users of the Telegram and WhatsApp in the 9th and 22th district of Tehran. The findings show that there is a meaningful relationship between the sharing of interests by members in social networks and the privacy of individuals. There is also a relationship between the create of content in telegram and WhatsApp and the privacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1961 - Social Development Dimensions Ranking and Evaluating from the Viewpoints of Faculty Members and Managers of Noshirvani University of Technology
طاهره آقامیرزایی محلی جمیله آقاتبار رودباری مریم مریم تقوایی یزدیAbstract: This study was descriptive-survey, with the aim of social development dimensions evaluating and from the viewpoints of faculty members and managers at Babol Noshirvani University of Technology. 120 faculty members and managers were selected by stratified rando MoreAbstract: This study was descriptive-survey, with the aim of social development dimensions evaluating and from the viewpoints of faculty members and managers at Babol Noshirvani University of Technology. 120 faculty members and managers were selected by stratified random sampling. The research instrument was social development a standard questionnaire consisting of 25 pairs of corresponding questions were designed on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon tests, Friedman rankings by spss 21 software. The findings from the viewpoints of faculty members and managers at Babol Noshirvani University of Technology showed that ratings of social development dimensions were respectively consisted identity, consensus and social cohesion ( 4.62 ) , social capital ( 4.36 ) , social accountability (4.23) , social welfare ( 3.97 ) , Social security ( 3.86 ) , social justice ( 3.62 ) , sustainability ( 3.35 ), there is a gap in all social development dimensions. The size of the gaps were respectively related to the social accountability ( -1.32) , social security ( -1.28 ) , sustainability ( -1.27 ) , social welfare ( -1.14 ) , social justice ( -1.01 ) , identity and social cohesion ( -0.99 ) , social capital ( -0.82 ). Accordingly can be concluded that in the role of social development, universities should pay more attention to social justice and sustainability, in order to the role of social development dimensions and in doing so, they should make greater use of the strategy of strengthening identity consensus and social cohesion and promoting of social capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1962 - The effects of drug abuse on the family relationships
Aliasghar Abasi esfajirThe effects of drug abuse on the family relationships The aim of this study was to compare the parenting style and marital satisfaction and social support among the parents of addicted and non-addicted in Qaemshahr, northern Iran, in 2015. The study encompassed p MoreThe effects of drug abuse on the family relationships The aim of this study was to compare the parenting style and marital satisfaction and social support among the parents of addicted and non-addicted in Qaemshahr, northern Iran, in 2015. The study encompassed parents living in the city. Sample size: considering the population, 157 subjects were selected using stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by a standardized questionnaire. A conclusion was driven out of the findings of the first hypothesis, that is, there was a difference in marital satisfaction between the families of addicts and non-addicts. The mean of responses indicated that marital satisfaction among addicts was lower than that of non-addicts. According to the findings of the second question, parenting style of addicts and non-addicts was different for permissive and authoritative styles, and there was no difference for the authoritative style among them. The mean of responses indicated that addicts employed authoritarian and permissive styles more than non-addicts did. Considering the findings of the third question, it could be deduced that there was a difference between the social supports of families of addicts. The mean of responses indicated that addicts enjoy less social support than non-addicts do. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1963 - Promotion the Social Status of Teachers and Effective Factors (case of study: the city of Darehshahr)
Gholam abas Tavasouli siyavash khodayare lila yousefvandAbstract: This study was to "examine the social status of teachers from their own perspective in Darehshahr city have been conducted. For this purpose, teachers' attitudes Three stages, primary, secondary and high school Towards their social status has been measured. Th MoreAbstract: This study was to "examine the social status of teachers from their own perspective in Darehshahr city have been conducted. For this purpose, teachers' attitudes Three stages, primary, secondary and high school Towards their social status has been measured. The aim of this study was to examine effective factors in enhancing the social status of teachers and the provision of guidelines in this area. A descriptive survey research method (survey), a sample of male and female teachers, who in 1089 had been their size and sample size to using of cochran 266 is estimated. Then were selected through stratified random sampling. Independent variables in this study Occupational prestige, professional services, occupational salaries and benefits, and the dependent variable is the social status of teachers and questionnaires were used to collect of data. And order to Regulation, classification and analysis of data, statistical methods of descriptive and analysis by Collection Software SPSS and AMOS (structural equation) is used. The results obtained show that the low social status of teachers in society is determined It was caused by three factors: Lack of salary and benefits, low occupational prestige of being considered less important job Services of the teacher is. And obtained data in experimental models showing that Chi-square goodness of fit index indicates that analysis of the regression model is of type saturated. The above interpretation suggests that This indicates that the variable salary and benefits, among other aspects of the structure of the social status of teachers could explanation the total variance 46/0 and has The greatest effective on the dependent variable is the social status of teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1964 - model of brand community online impact on brand performance and brand equity With emphasis on the role of social capital (Case Study: manufacturing company of Sony media products)
Narjes Ebadati Bagher Saroukhani Ali Akbar FarhangiAbstract The aim of this paper is to provide a model for brand community impact on brand performance and brand equity with moderator role of social capital in the media products producer organizations. The study population is Sony's society that is consisted of two grou MoreAbstract The aim of this paper is to provide a model for brand community impact on brand performance and brand equity with moderator role of social capital in the media products producer organizations. The study population is Sony's society that is consisted of two groups: online customers of Sony's brand and managers, marketers and sellers of Sony products. The sample size for two group in the absence of accurate statistics according to Cochran is 384 people that were selected by simple random sampling. Research tools are online brand community, brand performance and brand equity Inventory. To validate the assessment tool was used lisrel software and then The Cronbach's alpha was used to reability. Hypothesis tested by PLS structural software. The results showed a online brand community powerful influence on brand performance and brand equity also the results showed that online brand community impact the moderator role of social capital on brand performance and brand equity was confirmed.This study developed a unique model of a brand community impact process on brand performance and brand equity . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1965 - The representation of research experience model and its relationship with researcher spirituality and research self-efficacy of M.A. students of Islamic Azad University of Sari
lila Mardani Maryam Taghvaie yazdi Koumars Nieyaz AzarieAbstract Every nation needs to organize research activities for its development and promotion. Since students are recognized as dynamic and future-makers in any society, therefore it is necessary to determine and resolve their research drawbacks. The purpose of this res MoreAbstract Every nation needs to organize research activities for its development and promotion. Since students are recognized as dynamic and future-makers in any society, therefore it is necessary to determine and resolve their research drawbacks. The purpose of this research is the representation of research experience model and its relationship with researcher spirituality and research self-efficacy of M.A. students of Islamic Azad University of Sari. And it's implementation method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population that study in this research consist all 5112 MA. Students of 2015-2016 from Islamic Azad University of Sari. From that 361 students were randomly selected based on Krejcie and Morgan sampling table and applying stratified sampling method. For data collection was used the library and the field method. The data collection tool in this research was three researcher-made questionnaire included research experience, research spirituality and research self-efficacy. The content validity of these questionnaires was approved by supervisors, advisors and experts in the field and their reliability was obtained by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively (83%, 91% and 86%). To analyze the data was used two statistical methods included descriptive statistics (frequency, indicators mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (wilcoxon test non-parametric methods, spearman correlation test, strong regression and structural equation). For analysis was used spss software and LISREL. Findings from the research suggest that the simultaneous relationship was established between the predictor variables and the criterion variable. And also the researcher spirituality had mediator role in relationship between research experience with research self-efficacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1966 - Investigating the Relationship between Social Capital and Job Satisfaction of Refah Bank Employees welfare
Mohammad Zaman Mohammadi Raisi Soroush FathiInvestigating the Relationship between Social Capital and Job Satisfaction of Refah Bank Employees welfare Mohammad Zaman Mohammadi Raisi[1] , Soroush Fathi[2] Abstract The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital an MoreInvestigating the Relationship between Social Capital and Job Satisfaction of Refah Bank Employees welfare Mohammad Zaman Mohammadi Raisi[1] , Soroush Fathi[2] Abstract The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and job satisfaction of Refah bank employees. This study employed a survey method and data was collected through a questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha revealed the questionnaire’s reliability as 0.8. The study population included all employees of Refah banks in Tehran totalling 1454 people. The final sample amounted to 400 subsequent to Cochran’s sample size calculation. The results showed that:8/25percent of the sample population were moderately satisfied with their jobs while 7/9percent respondents had complete job satisfaction and only65/ 4 percent were dissatisfied with their jobs. In the case of social capital, 18/2 percent of the respondents were in a high level while between (63/2) and 17/6 percent of them were at the intermediate level and68/5 percent were in the low level. On examining the relationship between the variables, a relationship was seen between social capital and the job satisfaction and based on regression analysis, the enjoyment of amenities, social cohesion, social relations, social trust, social security, social participation and social capital showed. percent variance stressing job satisfaction. [1] Department of Sociology, Garmsar, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran. [2] Department of Social Sciences, Garmsar, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran (Corresponding Author) fathi.soroush@gmail.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1967 - Examine the role religion plays in social cohesion among citizens in Tehran
Hasanali Tatar soroush FathiAbstract Social solidarity among members of a society's collective Brtvafq implies acceptance of it and internalize the values and norms of a community belonging to Total (we feel) and engage people in the community. The various factors involved in the creation or promo MoreAbstract Social solidarity among members of a society's collective Brtvafq implies acceptance of it and internalize the values and norms of a community belonging to Total (we feel) and engage people in the community. The various factors involved in the creation or promotion of solidarity, according to their weight is one of the basic factors of religion. We know religion has a social character is the sum of many lives with certain beliefs Vdrbrdarndh, It is apparent ritual, religion is outward and visible social and community members to a collector calls. The aim of this study the role religion plays in social cohesion among citizens of Tehran. The research method is descriptive and survey sample of 400 residents were selected by cluster sampling method. .Instrument, religiosity test standard questionnaire, a questionnaire was used Glock Vastark social solidarity. The findings suggest that the level of religiosity and its dimensions and social cohesion among citizens is moderate to high study. The results corroborated the fact that religiosity essential role of social ity among citizens is also a significant relationship was found between the religious aspects of social cohesion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1968 - The relationship between personality traits and suicidal thoughts and comparisons among young people who are unemployed guy Region 2 in Tehran
Omid Shah Mohammad shahrstanaki Narges BabakhaniThe aim of this study was to compare the parenting style and marital satisfaction and social support among the parents of addicted and non-addicted in Qaemshahr, northern Iran, in 2015. The study encompassed parents living in the city. Sample size: considering the popul MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the parenting style and marital satisfaction and social support among the parents of addicted and non-addicted in Qaemshahr, northern Iran, in 2015. The study encompassed parents living in the city. Sample size: considering the population, 157 subjects were selected using stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by a standardized questionnaire. A conclusion was driven out of the findings of the first hypothesis, that is, there was a difference in marital satisfaction between the families of addicts and non-addicts. The mean of responses indicated that marital satisfaction among addicts was lower than that of non-addicts. According to the findings of the second question, parenting style of addicts and non-addicts was different for permissive and authoritative styles, and there was no difference for the authoritative style among them. The mean of responses indicated that addicts employed authoritarian and permissive styles more than non-addicts did. Considering the findings of the third question, it could be deduced that there was a difference between the social supports of families of addicts. The mean of responses indicated that addicts enjoy less social support than non-addicts do. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1969 - Meta-analysis of Cultural Anthropology and Education Studies and Its Role in the Development of Iranian Women
Marzieh GorjiAbstract Value has been postulated as one of the core concepts in social sciences and anthropology. Thus, if cultural and educational values in women undergo changes, it will ultimately promote the development of women. The purpose of this study was to study the fiel MoreAbstract Value has been postulated as one of the core concepts in social sciences and anthropology. Thus, if cultural and educational values in women undergo changes, it will ultimately promote the development of women. The purpose of this study was to study the field of culture and education as well as the social values of women to seek the roles of these variables in the development of women in Iran. The research method employed was the analytical and descriptive meta-analysis. The first stage consisted of an appraisal of the theories and research methods of the studies. The second stage was the classification and summarization of the data collected from these studies pertaining to the variables of the study. For this purpose, more than 29 papers were considered. At first, the most influential variables in these studies were identified and then the average variable was examined. The results showed that the most influential variables of culture and value were identity, age, education, educational system, the media, and family which affected the development of women and then the participation of women in cultural, social, political and religious affairs were analyzed and evaluated. Solutions pertaining the study’s variables were presented to the respective institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1970 - Role of cultural products in the absence of violence among teenagers as social capital
Zohreh Meirhoseyni Zohreh Dogchi Somayeh NasieriThe purpose of this paper is to examine the three dimensions of social capital, symbolic violence and the field of cultural production in the absence of violence among teenagers as social capital, according to Bourdieu's theory. Therefore, the present study is based on MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the three dimensions of social capital, symbolic violence and the field of cultural production in the absence of violence among teenagers as social capital, according to Bourdieu's theory. Therefore, the present study is based on Bourdieu's social capital theory Who knows that the supply of cultural products and products and the creation of cultural capital and culture among the juvenile offenders as social capital, to the extent that they lead to a lack of violence among them and try It seeks to institutionalize the right cultural habits, such as studying and studying through the field of cultural products and cultural assets of Bourdieu's mindset, and can make the low-level habits of the non-normative community (delinquent youth) Desirable And reduced the symbolic violence resulting from the inappropriate cultural and social context in which they grew up, and by mastering it through the formal use of language and instruction through the dominant class, on this stratum They raised their level on the floor of their social structure and controlled them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1971 - The relationship between empowerment of social workers and their job’s efficiency (social emergency mobile services of welfare organization across the country – 1393)
Ashraf Rezaii Habib Alah Agha BakhshiAbstract: The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the empowerment of social workers working in social emergency mobile services of welfare organization across the country and their job’s efficiency. The sample size includes 158 socia MoreAbstract: The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the empowerment of social workers working in social emergency mobile services of welfare organization across the country and their job’s efficiency. The sample size includes 158 social workers working in social emergency mobile services of welfare organization across the country. That was selected by the systematic random sampling method all over the country. The main research question is about that what is the relationship between empowerment and job efficiency of social workers working in the social emergency mobile services of welfare organization across the country? In order to study the components of empowerment and job efficiency, it was used a standardized empowerment questionnaire (Spritzer and Mishra, 1995) and job efficiency questionnaire (Hersey and Goldsmith, 1980). Reliability of both questionnaires was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient 798/0 and 880/0, respectively. The validity of both questionnaires was confirmed via CVR content validity method. In this research, the independent variable of empowerment is 5 component and 15 questions and also demographic characteristics is 5 questions and dependent variable of job efficiency is 7 component and 26 questions. Total components of the independent variables have been studied with the dependent variable. Statistical analysis of the research questions was performed by univariate and bivariate descriptions, Spearman’ rank correlation coefficient test, Kendall's tau C coefficient test, Post Hoc test, Bonferroni Post Hoc test and multivariate analysis of regression. The results show that there is a significant relationship between empowerment variable and job efficiency variable. However, it was shown that in multivariate analysis of regression, from the 5 components of empowerment (sense of competence, independence, effectiveness, confidence and a sense of significance) most variable that is predictable for improve job efficiency, is sense of independence with (42 / 0%) and , is sense of confidence with (35/0). A component of significant wasn’t extensible with 048/0% and components of competence and effectiveness senses are negative. Regarding to demographic characteristics it has been recognized that none of these characteristics (Age, sex, education, field of study and work experience) have any positive impact on improving efficiency; even all of them indicate the opposite effect on improving efficiency with negative values. But also empowering effect on improving efficiency is predictable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1972 - Evaluating the power theories with an emphasis on political elites of power
sasan vadieh Saied Kashani Gafar RajablouThe concept of power is from the fundamental issues in political science and political thought. Political thinkers have always concentrated on power from Plato onwards. Especially, it has become one of the major concepts in the present era with a central role. The power MoreThe concept of power is from the fundamental issues in political science and political thought. Political thinkers have always concentrated on power from Plato onwards. Especially, it has become one of the major concepts in the present era with a central role. The power has been seen from different perspectives in general or in particular so that no issue has been seriously considered like this concept so far. The power is basically a controversial concept and can be viewed in all political issues because it has a permanent presence since the beginning of history. In other words, the power is the most tangible objective and subjective matter which cannot be separated from the history. The aim of this paper is to study the theoretical concepts related to power. In this study, we discuss the theories of prominent theorists about the power and its aspects and concepts according to elite status on issues related to political power in the findings section. Then we study the issue of power and the political elites in Iran. The results show that political elites in authoritarian and semi-authoritarian countries can play a central role in political development / non development of these countries. These countries often have full and continuous exercise of power tools at their disposal. Iran has been partially successful in the making of foreign policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1973 - Investigating the Relationship between Social health and Quality of Life among Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch Students
Fereidoon Kamran Sima NazariInvestigating the Relationship between Social health and Quality of Life among Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch Students Fereidoon Kamram[1], Sima Nazari[2] Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social heal MoreInvestigating the Relationship between Social health and Quality of Life among Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch Students Fereidoon Kamram[1], Sima Nazari[2] Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social health and quality of life among Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch Students. This study employed a descriptive correlational research method and data was collected using the Keynesian social health questionnaire as well as the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire. A random sampling technique was used to select the sample consisting of 240 students. The questionnaires were administered to this sample. The data was analyzed applying descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed a positive relationship between social health components and the quality of life of the students. Furthermore, a positive relationship was seen between the components of the Keynesian social health questionnaire (cohesion, acceptance, prosperity, participation, and adaptation) and those of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment). In short, we can say that social health components which are social cohesion, social acceptance, social prosperity, social participation and social adaptation can play an important role in enhancing the quality of life of students. [1]Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Roudehen Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author) Office @ostadyar.com [2]Department of Sociology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. nazery_sima@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1974 - Compare marital satisfaction among satellite and non-satellite project employees Iranian Offshore Oil Company
Arash Ghoncheh Fariba Nabavi Alagha Fahimeh GhobeytiThis study compared the marital satisfaction in employees Mrdtrh moons and Ghyraqmary Iran's Offshore Oil Company.And on the basis of causal - comparative is ex post facto. The study population included all male employees of satellite and non-satellite project wasIn 139 MoreThis study compared the marital satisfaction in employees Mrdtrh moons and Ghyraqmary Iran's Offshore Oil Company.And on the basis of causal - comparative is ex post facto. The study population included all male employees of satellite and non-satellite project wasIn 1392, on oil rigs south (Ministry of Oil) were employed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1975 - Predict the organizational citizenship behavior based on emotional intelligence and organizational climate among employees of Islamic Azad University Branch
Abol Ghaseme Hashemi Fatah NazemAbstract: The main objective of this study is to predict the organizational citizenship behavior based on emotional intelligence and organizational climate is the staff of Islamic Azad University Branch. The study population comprised all the employees of Islamic Azad U MoreAbstract: The main objective of this study is to predict the organizational citizenship behavior based on emotional intelligence and organizational climate is the staff of Islamic Azad University Branch. The study population comprised all the employees of Islamic Azad University Branch. Their number was 621 people, among them 150 persons were selected as samples based on simple sampling. Instruments used in this study for the citizenship behavior questionnaire Morgan (1988), emotional intelligence questionnaire Schering Siberia (1996), and for organizational climate questionnaire Vastryjr Litwin (1986) was. The reliability of organizational behavior and organizational citizenship based on alpha 95/0 98/0 97/0 percent reported emotional intelligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1976 - The Effectiveness of Blended learning based on Social Networks on Academic self-regulation Secondary school Female students Karaj City
Farzaneh Shahrokhi Haghreza eivazi Ashraf Babakhanloo Behzad ShoghiAbstract The present study was aimed to examine the Effectiveness of Blended learning based on Social Networks on Academic self-regulation Secondary school Female students Karaj City in the years of 2015. The study was semi-experimental with a pre-test post-test design MoreAbstract The present study was aimed to examine the Effectiveness of Blended learning based on Social Networks on Academic self-regulation Secondary school Female students Karaj City in the years of 2015. The study was semi-experimental with a pre-test post-test design along with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all Secondary school Female students Karaj City, Sample for study with the method Multi stage cluster sampling in two groups experiment group (20 individuals) and control group (20 individuals) were Select. Experiment group During the 8 weeks beside the use of social networks and also Course Content The traditional way For the experimental group were offered classes. Data collection tool in this study was self-regulation Zimmerman and Martinez-Pons (1986) Standard questionnaire. Analysis of collected data was done through SPSS20 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (Analysis of variance with repeated measures). The results showed that after training significant differences on Academic self-regulation with control group Created. Experiment group after two months of training Its superiority Maintained. Results Research, Represents positive effect was Blended learning Based on Social Networks on Academic self-regulation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1977 - Globalization and Development in the 5th Development Program of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Heshmatoulah Falahat pisheh Ghasem MasiyayiiAbstract Development is among the main issues of the transitory nations like Iran. In Iran, the development notion is followed under the five-year programs called “the development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, thereby the full development and ad MoreAbstract Development is among the main issues of the transitory nations like Iran. In Iran, the development notion is followed under the five-year programs called “the development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, thereby the full development and advancement of the nation is programmed for a coming five-year period. Naturally, if it is to be an enterprise for the national development it must be based on the programs. Accordingly, the expert exploration of the programs is of great importance. On the other hand, the phenomenon ‘globalization’ has made the Islamic Republic of Iran to consider the status for the development program formulation. The present study is to explore the attitudes toward the globalization in the 5th Development Program of the Islamic Republic of Iran through the content analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1978 - An Analysis of the Sociological Concept of Love in Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī‘s thoughts (Mowlānā)
Amir Rahimi Dadmarzi Habibollah AhaghabakhsiAbstract In recent years, the study of social problems have been seen as one of the most important parts of Persian literature texts which culminated in valuable works written in this field. The aim of this study was to analyze the sociological concept of love in Jalāl MoreAbstract In recent years, the study of social problems have been seen as one of the most important parts of Persian literature texts which culminated in valuable works written in this field. The aim of this study was to analyze the sociological concept of love in Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī‘s thoughts (Mowlānā). In this study, content analysis was used to analyze the data compiled. The research method involved analyzing the works of Mowlānā and his thoughts were then compared and contrasted in terms of sociological viewpoints with other sociologists’ comments. The statistical population consisted of famous works of Mowlānā from which three important works (Masnavi, Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi and Fihi Ma-Fihi) were selected as this study’s sample through targeted sampling. The results of the analysis suggests that Mowlānā is informing us that without love our social life would have no purpose or destination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1979 - Your role in improving the quality assessment of urban green urban living
Arash Rahmani Dr.Valiulah NazariAbstract The importance of green spaces in urban environments to the extent that has been used as an indicator of the development of the society and at the same time a measure to improve life quality are considered. Focus cities as centers of human life activity to be a MoreAbstract The importance of green spaces in urban environments to the extent that has been used as an indicator of the development of the society and at the same time a measure to improve life quality are considered. Focus cities as centers of human life activity to be able to regulate their stability choice but to accept structure and functioning of natural systems are affected. The main objective of this paper is to examine the effects of green spaces in improving the quality of life of citizens using the pattern Seeking – Escaping Statistical population of 372 persons ultimately using Likert scale to investigate and analyze the views of the people discussed. The findings suggest that Shhrtakstan citizens greater access to clean air, family fun, business vitality and avoid shortness of residential environment, hiking, refreshment doctrines of the monotony of life are turning to green spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1980 - employment status information and communications technology in the process of thought - learning from the perspective of the faculty members
Ali Darvishi Mahmoud Asgari Mahtab FaghaniAbstract With the aim of the present study review of the status of applying information and communicationstechnologyintheprocessofthought- learningfromtheperspectiveofmembersoftheacademicunitfreeRudehenResearchMethodologyadescriptionofthesurvey MoreAbstract With the aim of the present study review of the status of applying information and communicationstechnologyintheprocessofthought- learningfromtheperspectiveofmembersoftheacademicunitfreeRudehenResearchMethodologyadescriptionofthesurveytype. Thestudycommunityincludesallthememberof the scientificresearchunitandinclude 96 people who were elected random sampling method that have responded to the questionnaire. Datawiththeuseofstatisticaltests (L) wasanalyzed. Thefindingsgenerallyshowedthattheaveragedimensionsinformationandcommunicationstechnologyintheprocessofthought- learningfacultymembersaboveaverageandalsosignificantdifferenceforwomen, andultimatelytherebetweenacademicgroupsalsotherehasbeennosignificantdifferences . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1981 - The role urban management on women’s social security in the public places (sample research: municipality, region 8)
Tahereh Vousugh Akram Naserie FardAbstract: Women consist of half of the society; therefore, there is a need to managers for planning and designing to care about all aspects and people, because the places without control and supervision cause some problem for management and MoreAbstract: Women consist of half of the society; therefore, there is a need to managers for planning and designing to care about all aspects and people, because the places without control and supervision cause some problem for management and urban officials. Hence, recognition and pathology such spaces have deep effect on the reduction of urban crime and creating security among citizenry on side, the increasing meaningful co-ownership. Therefore, we have dealt with investigating the role of urban management on social security feeling of women in this research. The statistical population was geographic area of 8th region of district and all women who were resident were in this statistical population. For determination of sample volume, we used Cochran method. According to this sampling estimate, they were 176 persons. Research tool was questionnaire. Obtained data with the use of SPSS software was analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1982 - An Analysis of the concessions to and severities in penalties for women in the Iranian Penal Code (pre and post- Islamic Revolution)
Afsaneh Mirian Masoumeh ReshadAbstract This study aimed to investigate the concessions to and severities in penalties for women in Iranian Penal Code (pre and post- Islamic Revolution). This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis of the Penal Code to compare pre and post-revolutio MoreAbstract This study aimed to investigate the concessions to and severities in penalties for women in Iranian Penal Code (pre and post- Islamic Revolution). This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis of the Penal Code to compare pre and post-revolutionary penalties imposed on women. Data was collected through a literature review of sources from libraries and documents in the context of Iran's penal code penalties for women. The purpose of reviewing this resource was to extract the elements of relevant disputes, to take notes, and then analyze them. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method of research based on the Islamic Penal Code which started with a review of the code, providing definitions of the penalties, followed by a discussion on the concessions to and severities in penalties and an identification of various elements of relevant disputes and finally the collected data was analyzed by means of content analysis. The results showed that in order to maintain and promote the status of women in Iran, a set of actions, movements and efforts has been made in order to improve laws related to women at all levels from the beginning of the Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1983 - study the relationship between social support and orientation to recidivism
Mohammad Zahedi asl Mohammad RajeieyanAbstract In the present study, based on survey and by implementing self-made questionnaire The relationship between social HmaytHay a tendency to recidivism among released from prison were discussed. The results of SPSS, using Pearson correlation and multivariate regre MoreAbstract In the present study, based on survey and by implementing self-made questionnaire The relationship between social HmaytHay a tendency to recidivism among released from prison were discussed. The results of SPSS, using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression tests show Hmayt Hay between the family system, social networks and support organizations with a tendency to repeat the crime, there is a significant relationship So that, we can strengthen social ties and social support through support organizations, Communities, social networks, families and interpersonal relationships offered reduced environment causing offense And thus committing the criminal offense for individuals' tendency to prevent recidivism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1984 - A study survey on the effective the socio-demographic factors on sexual preference of children (case study: working married women in central organization of Islamic Azad University in 1392)
Mahmoud Moushfegh Mohammad AtaiiAbstract There search began for find the socio-demographic factors influencing to sexual preference among employee women and the researcher used the survey method and questionnaires Techniques to identify variable affecting payments. The population of this study was em MoreAbstract There search began for find the socio-demographic factors influencing to sexual preference among employee women and the researcher used the survey method and questionnaires Techniques to identify variable affecting payments. The population of this study was employed women in the central organization Islamic Azad University. Among them, the187 in dividualswere estimated with Cochran formula, and they were selected by method of random sample. After completing the questionnaires, there were analyzed by Spss software and fit statistics and tests was used in order to test hypo theses about variables and the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The results showed that the sex composition of children, migration, women’s age, women’s place of birth, ethnicity, and education were significant in the tendency to sexual preference. Unlike previous sides of women's socio-economic status and religious degree from independent variables in this study showed no significant relationship at the 95%confidence level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1985 - College Women's role in prevention of injury community family
Narges Babakhani Haniyeh Badieii Sahar PakdamanAbstract This study is examined the effects of women employment in Roudehen Islamic Azad University on the family economic, social, educational and cultural damage in prevention of family community injury. The research method is survey. To achieve this objective from, MoreAbstract This study is examined the effects of women employment in Roudehen Islamic Azad University on the family economic, social, educational and cultural damage in prevention of family community injury. The research method is survey. To achieve this objective from, the staff and faculty women of Roudehen Islamic Azad University, 100 people (40 officers, 60 teachers) were selected through stratified random sampling method. They were testing the questionnaire was made by the researcher. This includes components, family relationships, child education, Family economics and mental health. Accepted Reliability was 0.82. Hypotheses were tested in statistical analysis (descriptive and inferential) statistical methods (One T Test). The Result Shows The presence of women in the university have positive effects on Family relationships, child education, economic and welfare family status, and their mental health in prevention of families' social injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1986 - The relationship between social intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization in 2014
Maryam Ajourlou Habib allah AghabakhshiAbstract The purpose of conducting the present study was to investigate the relationship between social intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization. In the present study, using random sampling 170 women working in Karaj Welfare Organ MoreAbstract The purpose of conducting the present study was to investigate the relationship between social intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization. In the present study, using random sampling 170 women working in Karaj Welfare Organization in 2015 were selected as sample group and provided with Tet social intelligence (2008) and Keynesian social health questionnaires. For data analysis, statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient test and regression analysis have been used. The results obtained in this study show that a significant relationship is found between emotional intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization (P> 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1987 - The role of sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city of Isfahan physical education administrators and experts
Bahram Salehniya Zahra Keyvani Sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city in the presence of facilities involvedAnd according to different potentials can cause the development of regions and other social benefits, provide environmental The objective of this More Sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city in the presence of facilities involvedAnd according to different potentials can cause the development of regions and other social benefits, provide environmental The objective of this study was to investigate the role of sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city of administrators and physical education experts of Isfahan. The population of this study consisted of 200 managers and experts in physical education and tourism travel agency established in Isfahan According to the Department of Tourism and Physical Education in 1389 and a sample of 132 was set by tables and Morgan Grjsy The tool measuring variables questionnaire was designed, validated Kendall coefficient was 89%.The research method was descriptive and survey data for this study was descriptive and inferential statistics Manoa research methods using multivariate analysis of variance, t-test, t Hotelling, t-test was used.The results showed that sport tourism in social development with a mean (40/4 and 42/3) and t-test (47/20) and environmentally-friendly development with a mean (78/3 and 78/2) and t-test (06 / 7) role and was involved at the level of 5% over the average level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1988 - Check the quality of the urban environment and its impact on improving the satisfaction of citizens(Case Study: Rodhen)
Arash Rahmani Vali Allah Nazari Reza TaherkhaniAbstract The main objective of this study was to assess the quality of the urban environment Rodhen from the perspective of citizens and the role of the Important in improving the situation of citizens. This research has an objective discussion of research methods analy MoreAbstract The main objective of this study was to assess the quality of the urban environment Rodhen from the perspective of citizens and the role of the Important in improving the situation of citizens. This research has an objective discussion of research methods analytical users and matching. The nature and methods of data collection a descriptive - survey research is Data collection, fieldwork and the library documentation. The analysis of questionnaires was done in descriptive and inferential levels. The sample size is 340 And the results show the level of citizen satisfaction with the quality of the urban environment are relatively low Branch. The quality of the environment in terms of socio-cultural factors and the quality of the physical environment is at a low level While the quality of the urban environment and environmental components in a more favorable economic performance And as regards comfort - it's a moderate view and access traffic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1989 - Effective social factors on Islamic Azad University students orientation toward social media
Shima akbari Nazanin Malekian Abstract The purpose of this article is to find the effective social factors influence on Islamic Azad university of Iran’s east Tehran branch (Ghiyamdasht) student’s orientation to social medias. Theoretical framework of this study is ba More Abstract The purpose of this article is to find the effective social factors influence on Islamic Azad university of Iran’s east Tehran branch (Ghiyamdasht) student’s orientation to social medias. Theoretical framework of this study is based on Habermas Theory, Wellman Theory and Tikno-Donho’s Knowledge Cap Theory. The research methodology is survey research and the data collection tool is self-made questionnaire according to Likert scale with open questions. 364 students of Ghiyamdasht university have been surveyed. The sampling method used is stratified sampling and in the end the simple random sampling. Gathered descriptive and inferential data analyzed with the Spearman-Pearson regression method. The result revealed that between orientation to social media and social capital(r=0.28), trust to media(r=0.16), feeling of intimacy(r=0.41) and internet awareness(r=0.38). Between the use of social medias and age(r= -0.19), feeling of intimacy(r=0.42), awareness(r=0.25), trust to social media(r=0.16) and social capital(r=0.30) and there is meaningful correlation, but there is no correlation between responsive social status and tendency to social medias (sig=0.26). Among the factors tested, feeling of intimacy in social media has the most effect on Ghiyamdasht students orientation to social medias like (Line, Viber, Instagram, …). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1990 - Investigate the demographic and social health of the central office staff Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) in Tehran in 1394
Mojhgan sadat Mahdiuon Mohammad javad GhaedmohammadiThe purpose of each individual's social health is related to how he communicates with other people or society comes along, How to treat others with him, or react and their interaction with social institutions and practices and how collective morality.The purpose of each individual's social health is related to how he communicates with other people or society comes along, How to treat others with him, or react and their interaction with social institutions and practices and how collective morality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1991 - Urban Economics and Sustainable Revenues
Kamran MortazavieAbstract The purpose of this study is to identify revenue sources of municipalities, to categorize earnings into sustainable and unsustainable earnings, as well as to identify new sources of income for municipalities and finally, with regard to existing revenues, how ma MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to identify revenue sources of municipalities, to categorize earnings into sustainable and unsustainable earnings, as well as to identify new sources of income for municipalities and finally, with regard to existing revenues, how managers behave. Therefore, the study population in this research Municipality of Tehran. The research method is applied in terms of its purpose and according to the research components in terms of descriptive-analytical implementation Which in fact analyzes the content of each income source of the municipality of Tehran. The method and type of research implementation, with an interview by experts and financial staff of the municipalities, is a point of view. According to the presented document, the interview is analyzed and analyzed. Hence, the achievement of new methods of providing sustainable and safe incomes and without adverse economic, social and political consequences will have a very effective role in satisfying the urban community, accelerating the development and development of urban areas and, ultimately, the optimal management of cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1992 - Social actions and appearances for women in Iran contemporary fiction
Hamid Vedadi Habib Alah AghabakhshiAbstract There are many women-oriented novels in the fiction genre. The readers of these novels have different motivations. Given social interactions in social, cultural, personal and biological organism systems, the question is that what issues are emphasized and w MoreAbstract There are many women-oriented novels in the fiction genre. The readers of these novels have different motivations. Given social interactions in social, cultural, personal and biological organism systems, the question is that what issues are emphasized and what type of cognition is transmitted to the audiances? Preparing a conceptual structure base on contemporary fiction literature (from 1340 to 1350) will result to focus on gender-based social structures. Affecting the public and private behavior of novel characters, this structure will shape their action and interactions. This is a qualitative study. The sample of study consists of womenoriented novels written by both male and female novelists. Analytical units for open and axial coding include 25 elements from 26 reference book in the field of sociology of literature and gender as well as 45 novels written by 17 authors. Results show that popular novels reflect the social interactions much more clear and better than leader and contemporary novels. In addition, these characters are involved with social aspects of interaction in more diverse with social aspects of interaction in more diverse manner. Finally, it is concluded that social sustem and consequently social structure have the strongest effect level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1993 - The impact of public policy in terms of general welfare on social-political development Case Study of Kurdistan Province
Seyyed Rahmat Ollah Barzanjeh Atry Malek taj KhosraviFrom a public welfare perspective, public policy is the concept of studying and reviewing the social and welfare services of the state. These services are non-political and mainly include housing, social security, social work, and education. The main goal of social pol MoreFrom a public welfare perspective, public policy is the concept of studying and reviewing the social and welfare services of the state. These services are non-political and mainly include housing, social security, social work, and education. The main goal of social policy is to reduce inequality and improve human well-being, including health, nutrition, employment, and other public services. With this definition, the present paper addresses the impact of public policy in terms of general welfare on the social policies of the Iranian government, with emphasis on the presidency of Hassan Rouhani. This research is applied research whose task is not scientific discovery and its main objective is to test and investigate the possibility of using existing knowledge in order to be able to solve specific policy issues from the perspective of general welfare and to assist agents to carry out their duties. The results of this study, which were conducted using the Delphi method, show that Kendall's agreement coefficient is higher than 0.4 and considering the lower level of significance level from 0.05, it can be said that Kendall's consensus coefficient is significant and At 95% confidence level, the consensus among experts has existed. The closer the Kendall agreement is to one closer, the more consensus among the experts will be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1994 - Sociological study to establish shelters for abused women in Tehran's support
Parvaneh Bayati Tahmineh Shams MashhadiThis study was an exploratory study using qualitative methods and purpose of this survey was evaluation the potential of social support for women in domestic violence shelters located at Tehran. This research used the method of matrix MoreThis study was an exploratory study using qualitative methods and purpose of this survey was evaluation the potential of social support for women in domestic violence shelters located at Tehran. This research used the method of matrix analysis of the model determining strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats to the way strategic analysis (SWOT) and compare the strategy of internal and external factors together to provide strategies about transitional housing for women. The results showed Improved health-related policies in the prevention of domestic violence against women, Create a supportive environment, health centers, transitional housing, particularly increased government attention in human capital for women of domestic violence, Capacity of government and non-government use of public information laws legal support structures for women, Strengthening judicial institutions, social work and counseling in family courts, Strengthen the various sectors of society to participate in programs to create transitional housing for women, Women's empowerment in the face of problems and living a healthy life skills training can prevent or reduce the impact of violence against women cab be effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1995 - Cyber-Aggression in Adolescents: A Psychometric Study
asghar minaei behrooz kazemi danaCyber- aggression is one of the compatibility problems of the youth that has attracted the attention of the investigators at schools and out of school , and it is a sort of violence that occurs repeatedly and over time using electronic equipment. The purpose of this stu MoreCyber- aggression is one of the compatibility problems of the youth that has attracted the attention of the investigators at schools and out of school , and it is a sort of violence that occurs repeatedly and over time using electronic equipment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Cyber- aggression questionnaire for Adolescents among Iranian students . The sample size consisted of 386 students ( 167 boys and 219 girls ) from Zanjan city , were selected using Multi - Stages cluster sampling . The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that this questionnaire had 3 factors which in total determined 66.45% of the total variance and Obtained Internal consistency Total questionnaire by Omega coefficient . 90 % and The results also showed that a Negative correlation of this questionnaire with empathy scale and Positive correlation with impulsivity scale This was a Witness for the Criterion Validity of this scale . The results showed there is a significant difference between girls and boys in cyber- aggression. This study confirms the reliability and appropriateness of the questionnaire for measuring cyber - aggression among students .Keywords : aggression ، cyber، psychometric ، validity، adolescents Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1996 - Construction and Primary Standardizing of the Desire for High-Risk Behaviors Scale among Adolescent Girls
fatemeh paki, zahra yosefi gol parvar mohsenThe purpose of this study was to construct and primary standardize of the high risk behaviors scale among second high school girls students. Research method was survey and instrument construction. The statistical population of this study consisted of all adolescent girl MoreThe purpose of this study was to construct and primary standardize of the high risk behaviors scale among second high school girls students. Research method was survey and instrument construction. The statistical population of this study consisted of all adolescent girls aged 15-18 years in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 340 secondary school girls who were selected through convenience (accessible) sampling. Researcher made High-Risk Behaviors Scale (HRBS), Iranian Adolescent's Risk Scale (IARS- Zadeh Mohammadi & Ahmadabadi, 2011) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ- Goldberg, 1970) were used to gather the data. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation and exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that internal consistency, test-retest reliability and questions and subscales coordination were appropriate. Evidence of divergent and convergent validity with Iranian adolescents' risk behaviors and mental health showed that high risk behaviors scale had divergent and convergent validity. Factor analysis confirmed construct validity of the scale. Providing percent norms and standard can help to determine normative judgment. Given these findings, it can be concluded that the high-risk behaviors scale for Adolescent girls has desirable psychometric properties and can be used in educational and research fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1997 - Psychometric properties academic hardiness for late elementary school children
Zahra Nasseri Fatemeh Shaterian mohammadiThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of School Related Hardiness Scale (SHRS) in Saveh’s late elementary school Students. The research method was descriptive type based on exploratory-survey method. Statistical population was contai MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of School Related Hardiness Scale (SHRS) in Saveh’s late elementary school Students. The research method was descriptive type based on exploratory-survey method. Statistical population was containing all of Saveh’s late elementary school students in 2017-2018 academic years. Sample of research was consisted of 399 students of late elementary schools who were selected using stratified random sampling. A total of 221 people, 55.4% of male and 178 male participants, 44.6%, are female. Assessment instruments consisted of School Related Hardiness Scale (SRHS). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) based on principles component analysis and Varimax rotation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) was conducted. Exploratory factor analysis showed a three main factors measurement model(tree factor of control, commitment, and challenge) and nine subsidiary factors confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The total value of reliability with the value of 0.778 represents the internal validity of the hardiness questionnaire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1998 - Validation and validation of the Iranian version of the Internet Attitude Questionnaire in students
mahtab ebrahimi kondori mehrdad sabetThe aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Internet Attitude Towards Questionnaire in students. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all students of Roodehen Azad University in the academic ye MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Internet Attitude Towards Questionnaire in students. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all students of Roodehen Azad University in the academic year of 2009-2010, which is 6500 people. Of these, 300 people were selected as the sample using the available sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaires, Dinef Internet Attitudes Standard and Kovafteros (2002). Internet Attitude Questionnaire 35 questions that are evaluated based on a 5-point Likert scale. Findings from heuristic factor analysis with principal component analysis with rotation matrix led to 4 factors that explain 61% of the total variance of the variables and the value of the 41-item test coefficient through Cronbach's alpha formula from 0.55 to Was estimated to be 0.89.The research method was descriptive-exploratory. The statistical population consisted of all students of Roodehen Azad University in the academic year of 2009-2010, which numbered 6500 people. To determine the sample size, according to the definition (Fidel 2007) for each question, the sample size should be 5 to 10 times, and considering that the Internet Attitude Questionnaire is 35 items, so the number of sample size based on the number of questionnaire questions is at least 200 He was a student. Due to the possibility of falling, 300 people were selected using the available sampling method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1999 - An Investigation into Psychometric Properties of Trust in Nurses Scale
Roghieh Nooripour Mojtaba Habibi Nikzad Ghnabari Ali Hossein Zade OskoeiIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to assess reliability and validity of Trust in Nurses Scale in Patients of Qazvin City.Results: Findings revealed that Cronbach’s alpha is acceptable(α=0.84), Factor analytic investigations using LISREL have sugges MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to assess reliability and validity of Trust in Nurses Scale in Patients of Qazvin City.Results: Findings revealed that Cronbach’s alpha is acceptable(α=0.84), Factor analytic investigations using LISREL have suggested that 1subscales is extracted from the 5items scale. Conclusion: Based on these findings, Trust in Nurses Scale has acceptable validity and reliability and can be used in the Iranian population. More samples with next studies are recommended. Identify and improve trust between nurses and patients can very positive results for the medical staff and the quality of their care Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2000 - This study aims to examine the psychometric properties (reliability, validity and norms) of the Family (IFR) was performed
fereshteh torkashvand adis kraskiyanThis study aims to examine the psychometric properties (reliability, validity and norms) of the Family (IFR) was performed. The study population consisted of all students in the school at the time of the study were enrolled in one of the Alborz High School. Data collect MoreThis study aims to examine the psychometric properties (reliability, validity and norms) of the Family (IFR) was performed. The study population consisted of all students in the school at the time of the study were enrolled in one of the Alborz High School. Data collection tools was use of the index pattern of family relationships. To test the hypothesis of classical psychometric theory analysis including exploratory factor analysis with principal components analysis and factor analysis to assess the validity of the index pattern of family relationships, the correlation between total score and subscales as convergent validity, the correlation between the assessment of family relationships with family adaptability and cohesion as a criterion validity, the alpha coefficient for internal consistency and test-retest estimates were used. Research results showed that the combination of these 3 factors(Understanding family, family ties, family cohesion) On the 297/60% of the variance of the index family relationships (IFR) to Explains. Can also be deduced that the proportion of the total variance of the first to third in the Index of Family Relations (IFR) is higher than any other factor. So the results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis shows the validity test of the relationships in the community. Relationships between index scores with the assessment of adaptability and family cohesion (99%) is significant. These results reflect the criterion validity of the relationships in the community and the estimated coefficients indicate the reliability of the scale and subscales in both internal consistency and reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2001 - Normalization of Reading Comprehension Skills in Studentsof Ilam city
Zeynab Mihan DostAbstract Introduction: the purpose of reading is, understanding, and making sense of text. All the training in reading should be used to develop the ability to comprehend. Problems with are comprehension very difficult and require regular effort, slow and steady between MoreAbstract Introduction: the purpose of reading is, understanding, and making sense of text. All the training in reading should be used to develop the ability to comprehend. Problems with are comprehension very difficult and require regular effort, slow and steady between the learner and instructor. Method: in this study, the cluster sampling is used from three educational areas of Ilam city. In this study for analysis of data, the parameter of item response theory based Rasch model was employed. Results: results of this research indicated that, comprehension test have reached a high validity and appropriate reliability. Furthermore this study shows that, accuracy and sensitivity, are .95 and .98 respectively. Also based on Rasch model difficulty parameters are well suited for the investigation of comprehension test and Rasch model fits to . Moreover, test information function curve shows that comprehension test is desired. Conclusion: in this study comprehension test have psychometric properties suitable to identify the problems and comprehension failures for learners to read. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2002 - The survey psychometric of mental health and spiritual intelligence tests
Marzeiyeh GholamiThe main purpose of this research was The survey psychometric of mental health and spiritual intelligence tests in student university of shahrbabak city. The statistical universe included all students in a dormitory, amounting to a sample set of 166 people. About 154 pe MoreThe main purpose of this research was The survey psychometric of mental health and spiritual intelligence tests in student university of shahrbabak city. The statistical universe included all students in a dormitory, amounting to a sample set of 166 people. About 154 people in this group were selected as the sample. In this research, the measuring devices was mental health and spiritual intelligence Questionnaires were determined as having sufficient reliability and validity. This study was conducted as a comparative and analytical investigation. The dormitory supervisor put all students on one or two scales on based do or not do religious tasks. Results of all scales on evaluations of spiritual intelligence and mental health, showed that means of students who participated in religious task had higher scores, demonstrating that they were in a more healthy mental state. The results of MANOVA test showed that the religious task has a meaningful effect on mental health and spiritual intelligence scales at the level (p<0.01) except on the scale of headache and loneless and stomachs problems Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2003 - Construction and test standardization work culture among employees, according to its basic components Education in Tehran
Masomeh Bahrami Ali Delavar Fatemeh RasoliKhorshidiThe purpose of this study, was construction and standardization of work culture for educational staff in Tehran. 250 employees in were cluster sampling, from educational region in Tehran. by reviewing of theoretical background and research questions related to this fiel MoreThe purpose of this study, was construction and standardization of work culture for educational staff in Tehran. 250 employees in were cluster sampling, from educational region in Tehran. by reviewing of theoretical background and research questions related to this field of study, preparation , implementation polating the test and deleting the inappropriate items, 30-item remained validity of the test content was confirmed by experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated by ( آلفا = 0.86). Exploratory factor analysis of the showed that the four cooperation and group harmony, interest and solidarity work, commitment and loyalty was found. Verification analysis also shows that the four- factor model had an acceptable fit to the data. Conclusion: The results showed that the test of work culture and its sub-components have acceptable reliability and validity and also the results of the test showed that the distribution of scores between the rate components of employees work culture (except for group collaboration and empathy) there is no significant difference between men and women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2004 - Assessment of marital satisfaction based on resilience and self-differentiation
Ayda Ebad Por Sosan SaberAim: The marriage and marital relation satisfaction play an important role in the normal marital relationships. Important factors which have been noted and have a great impact on marital life are resilience and self-differentiation. This study aims to predict marital sa MoreAim: The marriage and marital relation satisfaction play an important role in the normal marital relationships. Important factors which have been noted and have a great impact on marital life are resilience and self-differentiation. This study aims to predict marital satisfaction in married women based on resilience and self-differentiation. The methodology of study is descriptive correlational type, and its statistic population includes all women who refereed to Sorosh, Sajad, Zaeem and Tarannom Zendegi counseling centers in the fall of 2014 in Tehran. 200 women who had inclusion criteria to refer to this center selected randomly using sampling techniques and answered to Asode, Khalili and Lavasani Marital Satisfaction Inventory (2010), Skowron & Schmitt Differentiation of Self Inventory (2003) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). Multiple regression is applied to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that resilience (β=0.320, P<0.05) and self-differentiation (β=0.092, P<0.05) are the predictors of marital satisfaction. Conclusion: Resilience and self-differentiation are important personal factors that can affect marital satisfaction in women. So, this may cause women to involve in lower physical and mental health and explain gender differences in this domain. However, more studies are essential to validate these results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2005 - Psychometric properties of Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) in women applicant’s dowry
Maryam Shahri Kambiz KamkariIn this research, "Psychometric properties of Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) in women applicant’s dowry" and main research question thus raised is whether Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic MoreIn this research, "Psychometric properties of Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) in women applicant’s dowry" and main research question thus raised is whether Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire in women applicant’s dowry the desirable properties psychometric or not? Research method in research methodology with an emphasis on the Psychometric. The research, all women applicant’s dowry in which a family Court referred to which 100 were selected using purposive sampling method. In the present study Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) is used that has shown good validity and reliability. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2RF) and correlation were used for both questionnaires. Inserts "Affective Lability", "intimacy problems" and "Rejection" is the above factors and other 0.80 and that the scales of the questionnaire can be considered as satisfactory and higher than desirable an important loss. Also, the criterion validity (concurrent) it was determined that the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology- Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2RF) female character with a concurrent validity of the applicant's dowry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2006 - The mediating role of interpersonal problems in the relationship between perfectionism and depression
majid Zargham Hajebi Tahereh Jolaniyan Elham ManteghiyanMajor Depressive Disorder is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide; hence identify affecting factors such as perfectionism and interpersonal problems, is important. The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of interpersonal problems in the MoreMajor Depressive Disorder is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide; hence identify affecting factors such as perfectionism and interpersonal problems, is important. The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of interpersonal problems in the relationship between negative and positive perfectionism and depression. The study design was descriptive correlational type and the statistic population included of all students of Alborz province in the second semester of 2015-2016. The sample consisted of 220 subjects who were selected through multistage sampling from two Islamic Azad University of Karaj and Alborz PNU. The study tools were positive and negative perfectionism by Terry- short, Owens, salde & Dewey (1995), interpersonal difficulties-47 by Pilkonis and colleagues (1996) and Beck Depression Inventory (1961). Structural equation modeling technic was used to analyze the data. Results showed that research structural model base on gathered data fit well and interpersonal problems is a mediator in the relationship between perfectionism and depression. Negative perfectionism through interpersonal problems such as interpersonal sensitivity, interpersonal ambivalence, aggression, social approval and lack of socialization, decreases social support and increases depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2007 - This research is to study the psychometric features of Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) on the staff of manufacturing companies in Tehran and its suburbs who worked on the years 1392 & 1393
nastaran sharifi lila najarThis research is to study the psychometric features of Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) on the staff of manufacturing companies in Tehran and its suburbs who worked on the years 1392 & 1393. To this end, a number of 403 men and women individuals from t MoreThis research is to study the psychometric features of Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) on the staff of manufacturing companies in Tehran and its suburbs who worked on the years 1392 & 1393. To this end, a number of 403 men and women individuals from the staff of these companies were selected through multistage random sampling. The entire participants were tested and evaluated using the long form (100 questions) of Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire. This is an exploratory descriptive survey type of research in correlation directory studied based on the classic methods of psychometrics. Using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the validity values of internal consistency of internal and external factors of job satisfaction questionnaire were derived at 0.971 and 0.971 for 61 and 37 questions, respectively. The validity coefficients for the entire questionnaire of Minnesota job satisfaction were calculated at 0.983 following the removal of two questions in the factor analysis (98 questions). Structural reliability of questionnaire was studied using factor analysis and the KMO indicator was equal to 0.935 while the significance of Bartlett’s sphericity indicated the presence of necessary conditions for application of factor analysis. Results of factor analysis through varimax rotation led to extraction of two factors that explains nearly 43% of the total variance. The first factor (internal factor) and the second factor (external factors) constitute 22.889% and 19.842%, respectively. Ratings percentage was calculated in order to draft the norm for job satisfaction questionnaire and as a result, the table of norm was drawn up for both factors and the entire questionnaire. Results of this research suggest that the Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire may be used as a relatively valid and reliable means for measurement of occupational satisfaction in industrial units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2008 - Factor structure and validation of Self-Differentiation Inventory Short Form (SDI-SF)
mohsen rasoli mohamad hosein asodeh farzaneh tamrchi zahra hoseiniIntroduction: Self-differentiation as the core concept of Bowen’s family systems theory refers to individual’s ability of differentiating between affective and mind processes. In other words, achieving a degree of emotional independence so that one is able n MoreIntroduction: Self-differentiation as the core concept of Bowen’s family systems theory refers to individual’s ability of differentiating between affective and mind processes. In other words, achieving a degree of emotional independence so that one is able not be drawn in to the emotional pool of emotionally laden situations, and decides in an autonomous and rational manner. Purpose: The present study aimed at investigating the factor structure and validation of Drake et al.(2015) ’s Self-Differentiation Inventory Short Form (SDI-SF)in Iran. Method: Using convenience sampling procedure, a national sample of 1503 people( 433 males and 1070 females) whose age range was 14 to 62 for males and 18 to 59 for females was selected among internet social networks users. Then the selected users answered the electronic version of DSI-SF. Results: Using principal components method and Varimax rotation, five factors were extracted. So the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the inventory had a good fitness to the gathered data. In addition to checking for the content validity of the inventory, the reliability index was calculated(α= 0.741), showing an acceptable internal consistency. Discussion: the results of factor analysis confirmed the original factor structure of the inventory, the reliability indices were similar to the results of previous research. Therefore according to the results of the study SDI-SF is an reliable and valid measure for determining the level of self-differentiation in the Iranian population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2009 - Preparinga list for analyzing adults’ spiritual health based on Islamic-Iranian culture
zahra abaspor azar sadegh taghi louThe spirituality and religious researchers have been focused on creating a measurement tool in recent years. However, this trend has been forsaken in spiritual health field so far. In order to introduce an efficient measurement tool, this research proposes a new spiritu MoreThe spirituality and religious researchers have been focused on creating a measurement tool in recent years. However, this trend has been forsaken in spiritual health field so far. In order to introduce an efficient measurement tool, this research proposes a new spiritual health inventory. This is a practical research in the form of the questionnaire. The population pool included high school students of Karaj city. A number of 628 students were selected using multi level selection methods and were tasked to fill out the spiritual health and NEO-FFI questionnaires. A structure with eight components were developed using the principal component analysis (PCA). Finally based on scary test, six components were selected with varimax rotation. These components were as follows: religious belief, heart peace, spiritual aesthetics, self-acceptance,holy feeling, believe in miracle. These results also demonstrated that scores of extracted components are valid and reliable. Finally, the the correlation coefficients between spiritual health inventory components and NEOPI Factors were as expected. Conclusively, the results of this research indicates that spiritual health inventory test demonstrates reliable properties to be used as a spiritual health test in teenagers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2010 - School engagement: factor structure and validation study of scale
Mohamad Hosein Khani Enayat Olah Zaman Por Seydeh Khadijeh MoradyaniBackground: School engagement is associated with several positive academic outcomes which cause growing interest among researchers. Inconsistencies in measures of school engagement in the literature around the world have called for reexamining its components a MoreBackground: School engagement is associated with several positive academic outcomes which cause growing interest among researchers. Inconsistencies in measures of school engagement in the literature around the world have called for reexamining its components and subscales in Iran. Goal: The aim of this study is exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of school engagement scale for Iranian high school students Method: The research's method is correlation. The population is taken from students of the public high school of Rey, Tehran. The total number of the participants is 322 which were selected by the random cluster sampling method. They respond to Wang, Willett & Eccles school engagement questionnaire. Results: Exploratory factor analysis extracts 4 components which were confirmed by first order confirmatory factor analysis. Second order confirmatory factor analysis showed that these four components can be categorized in two subscales. Discussion: In summary, our revised scale of school engagement has suitable reliability and validity. We can use this scale to assess school engagement of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2011 - Parity Reading Scale Approval in Elementary School Students in Ilam City
Zeynab Mihan DoustAbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic checklist for disintegration readings. The studied population consists of 3rd, 4th and 5th grade students of Ilam city in the academic year of 2010-2010. A sample group of 310 students (136 boys and 174 gir MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic checklist for disintegration readings. The studied population consists of 3rd, 4th and 5th grade students of Ilam city in the academic year of 2010-2010. A sample group of 310 students (136 boys and 174 girls) from elementary school students in Ilam and the suburbs selected by multi-stage sampling method. The research tool is a student reading questionnaire which has 33 questions and is completed by teachers. The coefficient of validity of the test was obtained by using Cronbach's alpha of 0.93. The implementation of the analysis of the main components of the test in this study shows that the test materials are generally correlated with one factor Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2012 - A study of the psychometric features and norm of state metacognitive index
Dordaneh Asghari Nastaran sharifiAbstract This Study is intended to evaluate the Psyhometric characteristics and norm of Metacognitive state questionnaire (MCQ) of high school students in Bojnord city. This reaserch has been done whith the hypothesis that MCQ is considered as a tool to measure the stu MoreAbstract This Study is intended to evaluate the Psyhometric characteristics and norm of Metacognitive state questionnaire (MCQ) of high school students in Bojnord city. This reaserch has been done whith the hypothesis that MCQ is considered as a tool to measure the students metacognitive states. The study population includes all male and female high school students( first period) that have been studying in publish high schools of Bojnord in the 2015-16 academic year. Of the population, 126 males and 227 fameles were selected using stage cluster sampeling. Reaserch method is Correlation-based. The data collection tool also includes test for students metacognitive state. The resuts show that the questionnaire has good validity and reliability and norm. Keywords: Psychometric characteristics, state meta-cognition, emotional creativity, cognitive creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2013 - The Effectiveness of Circuit Emotion Therapy Couples on Attachment Styles and Marital Satisfaction
Zahra Merzadeh Masoumeh BehboudiAbstract In the present study, effectiveness of emotionally-focused couples therapy (EFCT) on the attachment and marital satisfaction styles was analyzed. Population of this study consisted of 30 women referring to Private Counseling Institute in Tehran to solve MoreAbstract In the present study, effectiveness of emotionally-focused couples therapy (EFCT) on the attachment and marital satisfaction styles was analyzed. Population of this study consisted of 30 women referring to Private Counseling Institute in Tehran to solve marital conflicts that were selected based on random sampling. Study design is quasi experimental together with experimental and control qroups using by pretest and posttest. Spouses attachment styles scale and marital satisfaction scale of Enrich were used for data collection. At first, pretest was implemented for both groups. Later, couple therapy sessions were presented in 8 sessions each 90min. Control group didn’t receive any intervention. After completion of therapy sessions, results of posttest of both groups were analyzed and taken into consideration by statistical tests of analysis of covariance and dependent T test. Summary of results indicated effectiveness of emotional-focused couple therapy on avoidant and anxiety attachment styles and marital satisfaction of sample group, so that emotional-focused couple therapy was significantly effective on the change of avoidant and anxiety attachment styles to secure attachment style and in addition, it was significantly effective on increase of marital satisfaction of women of sample group and effective on marital satisfaction more than avoidant and anxiety attachment styles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2014 - Validation of Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale in Iran
Nieusha alaii fardzari Adis kraskebanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) in Iranian society. This study was form descriptive-type research. The study sample consisted of 530 students (280 female and 250 male) selected i MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) in Iranian society. This study was form descriptive-type research. The study sample consisted of 530 students (280 female and 250 male) selected in a multistage random cluster among students of Alborz Province high schools;After the translation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale of teens and revert back to the original language, the scale was translated into Farsi again. After final approval, surveys were taken for implementation of questionnaires in the sample. In order to answer the research questions and examine the hypotheses of research, analyses of classical psychometric theory including analysis of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with principal components were used. Also to check the validity of the scale, some methods were used including the correlation between the total score and subscales as convergent validity, dividing method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient to estimate the internal consistency and tables of norm scale for presenting the Z sigma-aligned scores, the T score and rating percent in SPSS software. The results showed that exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed the validity of the test to measure the Dissociative Experiences of teens in the Iranian community. The results of this study confirmed the convergent validity of Dissociative Experiences Scale of juveniles in Iran. Estimated coefficients showed reliability of scale and subscales in both dimensions of internal consistency and reliability. Also regarding the results of comparison of juveniles Dissociative Experiences scores and its subscale in gender groups, norm scale was drafted based on the percentile ranks and Z and T-standard scores for all subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2015 - The influence of predicting academic performance of high school students first
Soumayeh Bakhshi parikhani Sadegh Hamedi NasabAbstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of predicting academic performance of high school students first. The method used in this research is descriptive and correlational. The study population included all high school female student MoreAbstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of predicting academic performance of high school students first. The method used in this research is descriptive and correlational. The study population included all high school female students in the academic year 1395-1394 the city Meshgin is studying. Multistage cluster sampling of 421 students were chosen girl. To collect data for this study from a test of mathematics achievement of first-choice school were used. In order to analyze the collected data, the descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics, methods of statistical correlation and t-test was used. For analysis software SPSS, BILOG was used. The results showed that the test instructions and Btb scoring methods according to the amount of C parameter estimation, and this effect is significant. Low levels of ability (3 to 5/1) the performance of students in the first run (without guessing) compared to the second run (with guess), but is better in the middle and upper levels will be able to see the result. The validity of test scores (25/0 low) and lower levels (25/0 high) better estimation of ability in the first run (without guessing) in the second run (with guess) is Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2016 - Teens perception scale standardization of practices by parents, and compared the relationship between the girls and boys in Tehran
Narges Babakhani Elahe Hejaze moghani Hasan PashasharifiA questionnaire perception of parental educational practices (POPS) by (Grvlnyk et al., 1997) was prepared,A questionnaire perception of parental educational practices (POPS) by (Grvlnyk et al., 1997) was prepared, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2017 - Structural equation modeling approach in explaining the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and depression, anxiety, stress
Mansoureh Shahriyare Ahmadi leila Pazoki: The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between the cognitive emotion regulation strategies with depression, anxiety, and stress in university students. Structural equations method was used for investigation of the relationships between the variables. The More: The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between the cognitive emotion regulation strategies with depression, anxiety, and stress in university students. Structural equations method was used for investigation of the relationships between the variables. The data were collected from Islamic Azad University, Central Branch in Tehran in the form of stage cluster sampling. A sample including 360 individuals responded to the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, out of which 82 persons also responded to the depression anxiety stress scale (Dass .21), in addition to the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. In confirmatory factorial analysis of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire using Amos 21, 10 questions were eliminated, culmina- ting in a 26-item questionnaire with seven factors, which confirmed the theoretical background. The measurement model enjoyed a favorable fitting. The structural model among the variables (cognitive emotion regulation with Dass) had a suitable fitting. There was a negative significant relationship between the positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and the factors of Dass scale. Similarly, there was a positive significant relationship between the negative strategies of the cognitive emotion regulation and the factors of Dass Scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2018 - Psychometric Properties of Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory among Nurses in Tehran city
Roghayeh Norei pour lieavali Siemin Hoseyniyan Mojtaba Habibi Alireza Salimi niya Mahdi Dehestani Masoud Hejazi Research on perfectionism has evolved from initial presentation of unidimen- sional construct to development of several independent multidimensional conceptualizations of perfectionism, this itself has developed numerous measu- ring tools to measure key and esse More Research on perfectionism has evolved from initial presentation of unidimen- sional construct to development of several independent multidimensional conceptualizations of perfectionism, this itself has developed numerous measu- ring tools to measure key and essential characteristic features of perfectionism; therefore this research was aimed to investigate psychometric properties of Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory-English version (Stoebe & Kobori,2010). This was descriptive survey research and practical in term of purpose. The population of all the public hospitals in Tehran that sample of 190 nurses at Tehran’s hospitals was selected by using cluster random sampling from Milad Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sadr Hospital, Kashani Hospital and Shahid Modarres Hospital completed inventory in 2015. Results: Findings revealed that Cronbach’s alpha is acceptable (α=0.79), factor analytic by using LISREL have extracted 3subscales from 15 items of inventory.Conclusion: Based on these findings, Multidimensional Perfectionism Cogni- tions Inventory has acceptable validity and reliability and can be used in Iranian population specially nurses. Further studies are recommended with a larger sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2019 - Development and standardization of a questionnaire to identify people at risk of addiction and substance use based on questionnaires of five-factor model of personality, emotional intelligence and resilience
Hashem JebraeileAbstract Introduction: Given the importance of identifying people at risk of addiction and substance use and necessity of provide valid measurement tools in thisarea, present study aimed to development and standardization of a questionnaire to identify people at risk of MoreAbstract Introduction: Given the importance of identifying people at risk of addiction and substance use and necessity of provide valid measurement tools in thisarea, present study aimed to development and standardization of a questionnaire to identify people at risk of addiction and substance use based on questionnaires of five-factor model of personality, emotional intelligence and resilience. Materials and Methods:The number of 300 (124 mal and 176 female) students were selected through available sampling from Kharazmi university and were assessed employing questionnairesof NEO personality, Bradberry- Greaves'emotional intelligence, Conner and Davidson' Resiliency, and Weed and Butcher'tendency to addiction. Data were analyzed based on Cronbach's alpha test, Pearson correlation coefficient and exploratory factor analysiswith using 22 vesion of SPSS software. Results:The results of the analysis led to the extraction of four factors, each of which had six indecators. Internal consistency reliability was operating in a range from 0/66 to 0/86. Criterion validity by examining the association between scores of the factors and tendency to addiction showed significant negative correlation between the tendency to addiction and first factor (r=-0.39, P<0.01), second factor (r=-0.30, P<0.01), third factor (r=-0.44, P<0.01), fourth factor (r=-0.40, P<0.01) and total scores ofextracted questionnaire (r=-0.57, P<0.01). Conclusion:Big five personality factores, emotional intelligence and resiliency not only significantly associated with addiction and substance use, also they are related structures that analysis of underlying components of them led to extractionof four factors that hadhigh validity and reliability, and can be used to predict vulnerability to addiction and substance use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2020 - A preliminary study on the psychometric properties of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ30)
Seyed javad Seyfi ghozlou Ali REzaii Marziyeh sadat Ale yasin Sara TirgarAbstract: Moral psychology has experienced a “renaissance” in recent years. Research on the emotional, cognitive, and social determinants of moral judgment has surged in recent years. The development of moral foundations theory (MFT) has played an importan MoreAbstract: Moral psychology has experienced a “renaissance” in recent years. Research on the emotional, cognitive, and social determinants of moral judgment has surged in recent years. The development of moral foundations theory (MFT) has played an important role, demonstrating the breadth of morality. Moral psychology has responded by investigating how different domains of moral judgment are shaped by a variety of psychological factors.The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian form of Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ30). For this end, 250 teachers (125 male, 125 female) were selected randomly among the teachers of the Moghan city, and responded to Moral Foundations Questionnaire and Schwartz Value Survey (SVS). Psychometric Properties of the moral foundations questionnaire were evaluated. Results Cronbach's alpha for Moral in general was about 79% and for the subscales care / harm, fairness, loyalty to the group, respect for authority and purity were respectively, 58%, 79%, 61%, 70% and 73% . Results of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that this questionnaire has a good fit. The convergent validity of the question- naire, along with the simultaneous implementation Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) evaluated and convergent validity of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire was confirmed. Overall Persian form of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire has a good reliability and validityand it can be used in different investigations in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2021 - Psychometric properties of Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale
Ali Mohammad Rezaii Hoseyn Seirii Fahimeh RashidiAbstact The present study aims to evaluate the Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale at the students of Semnan University. For this purpose, 300 students (109 males and 191 females) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method and answ MoreAbstact The present study aims to evaluate the Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale at the students of Semnan University. For this purpose, 300 students (109 males and 191 females) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method and answered and Educational Self-Efficacy Scale.To determine the construct validity of Educational Self-Efficacy Scale, factor analysis and convergent validity methods were used. A factor with a special value greater than one was achieved based on scree test which shows the special values graph which this factor together explained 85/44% of the total variance of the test. The concurrent implementation of Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Scale with students Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CASES) was used to calculate the convergent validity of Educational Self-Efficacy Scale. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between these two measures is 42/0 which is significant at the level 5 / 0≥P. The reliability ofEducational Self-Efficacy Scale was calculated the internal consistency method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.The results showed that the reliability of Educational Self-Efficacy is scale is 845/0 that is acceptable and satisfying. It is concluded according to appropriate validity and reliability as well as having globally reputable research background thatPintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Scale is a perfect tool to measure self-efficacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2022 - A Model on the Effect of work culture on innovative behavior and organizational performance Ardabil primary teachers using structural equation modeling
hasan ahmadi abolfazl nori ابوالفضل گنجهThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of work culture on innovative behavior and organizational performance using a structural eqation modelling in the Ardabil primary teachers. Th research method was cause-correlational. The population includes MoreThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of work culture on innovative behavior and organizational performance using a structural eqation modelling in the Ardabil primary teachers. Th research method was cause-correlational. The population includes 720 Ardabil primary teachers, from which a sample of 246 participants were selected by the Kokrun Formula and cluster sampling method tested. The instruments are of three types: work culture Ahmadi (1391), innovative behavior questionnaire Johnson (2000), a questionnaire organizational performance Ahmadi (1392),reliability indexes are 0.89, .88, 085 respectively. The research used SPSS20 to analyse raw data and then Lisrel8.56 software to analyse the structural equatiion model. The findings of the statistical analysis showed that the impact work culture on innovative behavior and oganizational performance of teachers is positive and meaningfull. The causal model designed based on structural equation model was fitted. the GFI equelled to 0.90 and the remaining root mean squares in the latent variable model equalled to 0.065. as a result, the structural equation model of work culture had a effective impact on the innovative behavior and organizational performance of Ardabil primary teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2023 - Relation professional ethics to mental health and organizational citizenship behavior
maryamt TaghvaeeyazdiAims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between professional ethics and mental health and organizational citizenship behavior province's Department of Education. Instruments & Methods: This descriptive and correlational. The population of all the empl MoreAims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between professional ethics and mental health and organizational citizenship behavior province's Department of Education. Instruments & Methods: This descriptive and correlational. The population of all the employees of the Department of Education of the province to 334 people who have worked in the academic year 94-93. According to the Morgan sample size of 181 patients who were randomly selected stratified according to sex. To collect the data, the library and field study questionnaire was used. Questionnaire data collection tools Ethics Kersten et al. (2011), health Rvany (GHO-28) and Podsakoff (2000). Findings: With the increase in mental health, the professional ethics in their rise and vice versa. By increasing organizational citizenship behavior, the professional ethics of the people will rise and vice versa. Between the average scores of professional ethics, mental health and organizational citizenship behavior of employees with different gender and qualifications, there is no significant difference. In general the professional ethics of mental health and organizational citizenship behavior Department of Education province there is a significant relationship. Conclusion: The development of professional ethics, organizational citizenship behavior and mental health of employees, affects different aspects of total quality management data and is used as a strong support for quality management. Finally, according to the variables studied, leads to increased productivity and development of the educational system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2024 - Investigating the Relationship between Personality Characteristics of Knowledge Workers and Their Organizational Silence in Shoals of Maskan Bank of South East of Tehran
mahmood asadiReview:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits of knowledge workers and their organizational silence in Meshkan Branches in south east of Tehran. The statistical population consists of all 489 knowledge workers. 215 peopl MoreReview:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits of knowledge workers and their organizational silence in Meshkan Branches in south east of Tehran. The statistical population consists of all 489 knowledge workers. 215 people were selected based on stratified sampling method. In order to measure the variables used in the research, two standard Personality Characteristics Neo (1973) and Standard Organizational Silence Questionnaire (Vendine et al., 2003) were used. The research method is descriptive correlational. The content validity of the questionnaires has been approved by the experts and the supervisor. The reliability of the questionnaires based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.89 for personality traits, 0.87, organizational silence. For analyzing, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, stepwise regression) were used. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between personality traits (psychoanalytic, extraversion, consistency, conscientiousness and flexibility) with organizational silence. For this relationship, the relationship between neuroticism and consistency with positive organizational silence is negative for other dimensions of personality traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2025 - Investigating the status of factors and components affecting the empowerment of virtual education of elementary teachers in Sabzevar city
mehran mazaheri nasab fariba hanifi Mahbubeh AbdollahiPurpose: This article was carried out with the purpose of investigating the status of factors affecting the empowerment of virtual education of primary school teachers in Sabzevar city. Research method: The research method is based on the objective, developmental and ap MorePurpose: This article was carried out with the purpose of investigating the status of factors affecting the empowerment of virtual education of primary school teachers in Sabzevar city. Research method: The research method is based on the objective, developmental and applied, and based on the type of data and their collection, it is a mixed research type. The statistical population of the qualitative part was the experts in virtual education, and 15 of them were selected by theoretical saturation with the snowball method. who were working in this city and according to the table of Morgan and Karjesi, 245 people were selected by stratified sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity, content and structure were confirmed and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. 0.85 was calculated and confirmed. Findings: The results showed that 10 factors and 22 components have an effect on the empowerment of teachers' virtual training, which are the components of structural requirements, structural factors, provision of individual needs, organizational process, comprehensive management, mental dimension, skill dimension, macro-medium level problems. Intelligence, upstream factors, monopoly factors, test implementation and strategic changes had less impact on the empowerment of teachers' virtual education. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, education specialists and planners can take effective steps to improve the components of empowering teachers'virtual education, especially in the components that are not in a favorable condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2026 - Making the scale of internationalization of universities
farhad shafiepoor mohammad atashac monireh torabinahadThe purpose of this study is to build a scale for internationalization of universities. The research method was descriptive survey and the statistical population included all faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mahallat Branch. 112 samples were selected based MoreThe purpose of this study is to build a scale for internationalization of universities. The research method was descriptive survey and the statistical population included all faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mahallat Branch. 112 samples were selected based on available sampling method. After reviewing the research background and theoretical foundations, a list of internationalization components of universities was selected and statistical samples were provided to determine the validity and reliability. The results of data analysis using Factor Analysis Technique indicate that the scale of internationalization of universities with 8 dimensions (International Outlook, International Policy, Modern Information Technology, International Curriculum, Scientific Collaboration And international research, international academic rankings, knowledge-based economics, international educational services, integration with international educational standards). The constructed scale has a content validity and construct validity of 0.49, and a total of 78.78 out of the variance of internationalization of universities.Keywords:Internationalization of universities, measurements, scale making Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2027 - Investigating the effect of staff training on employee empowerment with the mediating role of organizational culture and career path management
mohammad heydari gojani mehraban hadi peykan reza ebrahim zadeh dastjerdiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of staff training on employee empowerment with the mediating role of organizational culture and career path management in Bank Saderat Iran. This research is a mixed research that has been done in two phases, qualit MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of staff training on employee empowerment with the mediating role of organizational culture and career path management in Bank Saderat Iran. This research is a mixed research that has been done in two phases, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative part, the phenomenological approach was used and in the quantitative part, the validation approach was used. To fit the model from structural equations, confirmatory factor analysis was used using Amos and SPSS software.The research findings showed that by comparing the values of the indices with the standard values, it can be concluded that the fit indices The structural model has acceptable values and the model is approved.Bootstrap was used to determine the effect of indirect relationships, which showed that organizational culture and career path management play a mediating role in the relationship between training and employee empowerment. Learning and leading organizations, human resource empowerment is pursued as a mandatory and continuous process, given the differences and diversity of definitions and interpretations in the literature in the field of human resource empowerment, having a valid and practical model, including basic needs It is considered the mana of the third millennium. The most important and vital asset of any organization is the human resources of that organization. The quality and capability of human resources is the most important factor in the survival and life of the organization. Capable human resources create a capable organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2028 - Designing a philosophical model of physical education based on Islamic approach in Tehran Municipality Sports Organization
seyed ali amir zadeh saeid safarian hamedani taraneh enayatiThe aim of this study was to design a philosophical model of physical education based on the Islamic approach in the Sports Organization of Tehran Municipality. The research was mixed in terms of purpose-applied purpose and method of implementation. The statistical popu MoreThe aim of this study was to design a philosophical model of physical education based on the Islamic approach in the Sports Organization of Tehran Municipality. The research was mixed in terms of purpose-applied purpose and method of implementation. The statistical population in the qualitative section were the experts and managers of the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, who were purposefully selected based on the theoretical saturation principle of 20 people. The second group of the statistical population of this study in the quantitative part of the staff and executive managers of the Tehran Municipal Sports Organization was 1,200 people. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size of a small part, so 291 people were selected as the research sample. In order to collect data, semi-in-depth interviews were used in the qualitative part of the present study and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. The validity and reliability of the instruments were examined and confirmed. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part was theoretical coding that was done using MAXQDA software. Also in the quantitative part, to answer research questions from tests such as Pearson correlation, one-sample t-test, structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) and heuristic factor analysis using SPSS-v21, Smart Pls-v2 software And Lisrel-v8.8 was also used. The results of factor analysis showed that among the 57 indicators (items), 3 main components were identifiable. Idealism with 21 items, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2029 - Application of Dimtel method for identifying factors affecting the health of the administrative system for the realization of open data governance
maryam ghasemian gorji masoud Ahmadi Saeed Safariyan HamedaniThe purpose of this study is to apply the Dimtel method to identify the factors affecting the health of the administrative system to achieve open data rule in government agencies in Mazandaran province. The method of the present study is fundamental (exploratory) resear MoreThe purpose of this study is to apply the Dimtel method to identify the factors affecting the health of the administrative system to achieve open data rule in government agencies in Mazandaran province. The method of the present study is fundamental (exploratory) research in terms of nature and a combined method (qualitative-quantitative) has been used to investigate the objectives of the research. The statistical population of the study is the managers of government agencies in Mazandaran province who have a master's degree or higher and have at least 10 years of management experience in the current government. The statistical sample was determined by theoretical sampling method until the indicators reached theoretical saturation. The number of samples in this study was limited to 25 managers of government agencies in Mazandaran province due to open interviews and the prevalence of Covid 19 disease, which slightly affected open sampling in the study. Were considered. Information and data required for the research were collected through a questionnaire. In order to analyze the collected data in the qualitative part, the grounded theory method has been used and in the quantitative part, the Demetel method has been used. The results showed: causal, intervening, pivotal, contextual-individual and environmental factors on the health of the administrative system in order to achieve open data governance in Mazandaran province and according to the obtained model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2030 - Investigating the current status of the effectiveness of Farhangian University functions
hamid shateri baghi abadi mohammad naghi imani seyed rasoul hossieniThe aim of this study was to investigate the current status of the effectiveness of Farhangian University functions. The statistical population included 779 faculty members of Farhangian University in the academic year 1397-98. The sample size was estimated at 227 based MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the current status of the effectiveness of Farhangian University functions. The statistical population included 779 faculty members of Farhangian University in the academic year 1397-98. The sample size was estimated at 227 based on the Cochran's formula. Cluster and simple stratified random sampling was used to select the sample. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale, the validity of which was assessed by face, content and diagnostic validity and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method. One-sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the significance level in all components (except the components of resources and communication) is less than 0.05 and therefore the null hypothesis is rejected with 95% confidence for these components and the research hypothesis is confirmed. In other words, the condition of these components is optimal. For the components of resources and communication, considering that their average difference is slightly different from the number 3, it can be said that the status of these components is moderate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2031 - Factors Affecting Organizational Virtue Based on Iranian and Islamic Teachings with Dimtel Approach and Theme Analysis
ehsan hossein pour hamidreza motamed pari mashayekhThe main purpose of this article is to identify the factors affecting organizational virtue based on Iranian and Islamic teachings. The research method is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In order to conduct this research, in addition to the documentary study, the cont MoreThe main purpose of this article is to identify the factors affecting organizational virtue based on Iranian and Islamic teachings. The research method is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In order to conduct this research, in addition to the documentary study, the content analysis technique with MAXQDA12 software was used to identify the factors and components. The statistical population in this study was all experts in the field of education. After the interview, 30 theoretical saturations were performed and all interviews lasted between 60 and 85 minutes. In addition, semi-structured interviews with university experts in 1399 were conducted in the form of open, pivotal and selective codes, and the Dimtel technique was used to determine the effectiveness and effectiveness of the components. According to the semi-structured interviews, 1659 open codes and 14 central codes for organizational virtue were extracted based on Iranian and Islamic teachings, which finally included 4 dimensions (interpersonal relationships, management and leadership, organizational culture and personality traits) and 14 Components (pivotal code) and 64 indicators (open source) for organizational virtue were extracted based on Iranian and Islamic teachings. Then, according to the pairwise comparison questionnaire to identify the effective and influential components, it was determined that the components of training time, social, cultural and artistic services, economic services, sports services, educational space, international education services and educational staff are effective and the component Teachers' opinions, evaluation methods, educational content, teaching methods and welfare facilities are affected Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2032 - Predicting teachers 'job performance based on managers' management style according to the mediating role of job satisfaction
Sirous Moradkhah farogh yazdanseta maryam rasoulianThe purpose of this study was to predict the job performance of primary school teachers based on the management style of principals by considering the mediating role of job satisfaction. The statistical population included all primary school teachers in Saghez city (633 MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict the job performance of primary school teachers based on the management style of principals by considering the mediating role of job satisfaction. The statistical population included all primary school teachers in Saghez city (633 people) by using of Cochran's formula and cluster sampling method sample size was equal to 239 person. Job satisfaction, management style and job performance questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential tests (Structural equation modeling) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that management style had a significant effect on teachers' job performance. Among management styles, only humanistic style had a significant effect on job performance and job satisfaction of teachers. Among the components of job satisfaction, the nature of work had a significant effect on teachers' job performance. Considering the T value of the general model, it is concluded that all paths were significant in 0.01 level. On the other hand, considering that the path coefficient obtained was significant in the direct model but lost its significance in the mediation model, it can be concluded that the job satisfaction variable completely mediates the effect of management style on job performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2033 - The effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinai
hamidreza saremi manesh seyedeh esmat rasouli Vahid FallahThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinaei. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection method. MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinaei. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study was all primary school students in Sabzevar, which was about 24,000 people in 100 public schools in the year 1398. Multi-stage random sampling method and statistical sample size based on all SEM experts (343 people) and considering the 20% probability of drop in the number of samples, 350 people were considered and analyzed. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. In the present study, the validity of content and structure was used to determine the validity of the questionnaires; also, in order to measure the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used, and the findings indicated the reliability and validity of the measuring instrument. The collected data obtained from the distribution of the questionnaire in two descriptive and inferential sections (structural equations) were analyzed using Spss22 and Amos software. Findings showed that the results of the study showed that: Hemispheres of the brain, nutrition, remembrance and the Qur'an are effective in improving the evolutionary processes of the brain by relying on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sina. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2034 - The embodiment of similar motifs in the body of two narratives namely Rostam and Esfandiyar and Macbeth
Davood KhazaieThe world of Macbeth is a wasteland where temptation awaits those who are inclined towards it. This drama is a tragedy of fear and trembling, butchery, violence, crime and above all annihilation. Everything happens in a fast pace, yet swftness exists alongsi MoreThe world of Macbeth is a wasteland where temptation awaits those who are inclined towards it. This drama is a tragedy of fear and trembling, butchery, violence, crime and above all annihilation. Everything happens in a fast pace, yet swftness exists alongside slowness in order to emphasize the paradoxical structure of the play. The main characters undergo changes in the course of the play and in different stages present variety of linguistic features. Their world are pictured in terms of moral, political and religious ideas. Ambition, bravery, fear, evil, injustice, isolation, and dispair are clearly illustrated. The purpose of this article is to discuss and compare the main motifs such as Farr, two bodies of kings, the concept of time, order versus inorder, downfall of the heroic era, invincibility, absurdity, and supernatural forces in Rostam and Esfandyar, the greatest epic tale in Shahnameh and in Macbeth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2035 - Investigation of Bahram Chubin's rebellion and Khosrow Parviz's flight to Rome in Shahnameh and other historical sources
hamide parvanThe story of Bahram Chobineh's rebellion and Khosroparviz's escape to Rome is described in detail in the Shahnameh and other historical sources. In Persian and Arabic sources, the route of Khosrow's flight to Rome and what happens there are briefly described, and histor MoreThe story of Bahram Chobineh's rebellion and Khosroparviz's escape to Rome is described in detail in the Shahnameh and other historical sources. In Persian and Arabic sources, the route of Khosrow's flight to Rome and what happens there are briefly described, and historians do not agree about this part of his kingdom. In addition to Persian and Arabic sources, this story is also mentioned in Byzantine, Armenian and Syriac sources. In this research, which was carried out by descriptive and analytical method by using library tools, this story was investigated in the Shahnameh and other historical sources and compared with each other. By examining various sources, it became clear that Ferdowsi's source, which reaches Khodaynameh through Shahnameh Abu Mansouri , was the most detailed version of Khodaynameh; Because Ferdowsi and after him the author of Nahayeh al-Arb, tell the most complete and accurate narration of this story. Ferdowsi's narrative in telling this story is so precise that it is possible to use the Shahnameh as a historical source in researches related to the Sassanids.In the Byzantine and Armenian sources, Theophylact's history and choronicle of seert have the closest narrative to the Shahnameh; Considering the similarity of these sources with each other and since some authors state their sources, by putting together these stories and other narrations like it, it may be possible to use them in reaching a new understanding of khodaynameh Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2036 - Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on attention and executive function of Iranian patients with lupus erythematosus :a quasi-experimental single-subject study
mercedeh ghazaghAbstract: Background and objective: Autoimmune and chronic diseases such as lupus erythematosus may lead to many psychological problems by directly and indirectly affecting the nervous system. The effect of lupus erythematosus disease on the central nervous system is re MoreAbstract: Background and objective: Autoimmune and chronic diseases such as lupus erythematosus may lead to many psychological problems by directly and indirectly affecting the nervous system. The effect of lupus erythematosus disease on the central nervous system is related to cognitive functions, including attention and executive functions. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy [ACT] on the attention and executive function of Iranian patients with lupus erythematosus. Materials and methods: This study was a quasi-experimental single-subject with multiple baseline designs. The participants in this study were three members of the Lupus Patients Support Association, selected using a convenience sampling method in 2022. The patients received eight sessions of ACT for 90 minutes weekly. The instruments used in this study included the Wisconsin card sorting test [WSCT] and the Stroop test. Calculating and explaining the effect size were used to assess the effectiveness of the implemented intervention. Results: According to the Stroop test, the effect size values indicate the high effect of the ACT on the dimension of reaction time and the high effect on the error dimension in patients with lupus erythematosus. Therefore, according to the Stroop test, ACT positively affects attention function in patients with lupus erythematosus. According to the WSCT, the effect size values indicate the high effect of the ACT on the residual error dimension and on the dimension of correct responses in patients with lupus erythematosus. Therefore, based on the WSCT, ACT positively affects executive function in patients with lupus erythematosus. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that ACT could be used along with other available therapeutic approaches as a suitable option for challenging aspects of patients with lupus erythematosus. Keywords: Lupus erythematosus, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Attention Function, Executive Function Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2037 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Fear of Disease Progression and Psychological Distress of Patients with Hypothyroidism
azam hoseinzadeh salman zareiFear of disease progression as one of the most important psychological structures is one of the most common symptoms distress and stress for patients with a life-threatening disease. Fear of disease progression can be defined as a realistic reactive fear of which the pe MoreFear of disease progression as one of the most important psychological structures is one of the most common symptoms distress and stress for patients with a life-threatening disease. Fear of disease progression can be defined as a realistic reactive fear of which the person is fully aware. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the psychological distress and fear of disease progression of patients with hashimoto's hypothyroidism. For this purpose, in a quasi-experiential study with pre-test, post-test, follow up and control group, 32 patients with hashimoto's hypothyroidism among the patients referred to clinics of subspecialty physicians in Karaj were selected by available sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n= 16 each). The groups were evaluated for psychological distress and fear of disease progression before and after the treatment intervention and three months after the end of the research. The result of analysis of covariance with repeated measures showed a significant difference in fear of disease progression and psychological distress between the performance of two experimental and control groups. The results indicate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the fear of disease progression and psychological distress in patients with hypothyroidism; therefore, this intervention can be used as a complementary treatment, along with medication, to improve the lives of patients with hashimoto's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2038 - Predicting academic vitality based on spiritual intelligence and self-compassion in students
Mohammad GhamariAbstract The purpose of the research was to predict academic vitality based on spiritual intelligence and self-compassion in students. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population is all students of the Faculty of Psychology of Isl MoreAbstract The purpose of the research was to predict academic vitality based on spiritual intelligence and self-compassion in students. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population is all students of the Faculty of Psychology of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. The study sample includes 250 students who were selected by multi-stage cluster random method and answered three questionnaires of academic vitality, spiritual intelligence and self-compassion. Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that there is a significant positive relationship between academic vitality, self-compassion and spiritual intelligence. Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that 44% of self- compassion and 20% of spiritual intelligence can predict academic vitality. The results indicate that academic vitality can be predicted by using self-compassion and spiritual intelligence of students. Keywords: academic vitality, self-compassion, spiritual intelligence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2039 - Identification of resistant genes linked to fusarium wilt disease in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars using CAPS markers
Bahar Morid Shahab Haj Mansoor Fusarium wilt causes cosiderable yield loss in most tomato-growing regions around the world. The best way to control this disease is using tomato resistant cultivars. Molecular markers linked to resistance gene would be useful for tomato improvement p More Fusarium wilt causes cosiderable yield loss in most tomato-growing regions around the world. The best way to control this disease is using tomato resistant cultivars. Molecular markers linked to resistance gene would be useful for tomato improvement programs. In this study, a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker (TAO1902) was used to identify tomato cultivars possessing I-2 gene, which confers resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2. DNA was extracted using CTAB method from 27 hybrids and commercial tomato varieties. To evaluate existence of I-2 gene in tomato cultivars, PCR-RFLP was down using RsaI and FokI restriction enzymes. An RsaI-digested fragment of 500 bp and two restriction fragments of 390 and 410 bp for FokI digestion of TAO1902 were revealed in the resistant varieties. Results showed that 14 out of 27 tomato hybrids and cultivars were homozygous resistant and the other 13 hybrids were susceptible to fusarium wilt. Pathogenicity test showed that there were no symptoms in resistance gene I-2 amplifing tomato varieties. However, tomato varieties with no resistance band produced disease symptoms with different disease intensities. Results showed that 7 out of 27 tomato cultivars and hybrids, and 7 hybrids were resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2 and so, these cultivars and hybrids are recommended in regions that race 2 is dominant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2040 - Audit committee power and audit seeking: The moderating role of CEO narcissism
Zinat keramati moezAbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between audit committee power and audit seeking: the moderating role of CEO narcissism. The present research method is classified as descriptive research in terms of its nature, and in terms of meth MoreAbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between audit committee power and audit seeking: the moderating role of CEO narcissism. The present research method is classified as descriptive research in terms of its nature, and in terms of method, it is considered as correlational research. In this research, the library method was used to collect data and information. In the data section, the research was done by collecting the data of the sample companies by referring to the financial statements, explanatory notes and the stock exchange monthly. For this purpose, the statistical population of the research includes the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2018-2019 (8 years) that meet the conditions of the company. According to the limitations defined in the research, 94 eligible companies and 752 companies were collected to test the hypotheses; Multivariate regression has been used to confirm and reject research hypotheses (Eviuse software). The result of the research hypothesis test showed that there is an inverse and significant relationship between the power of the audit committee and the audit search; But there is no relationship between audit committee power and audit seeking with the moderating role of CEO narcissism.Keywords: audit committee, audit search, CEO narcissism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2041 - Study of salinity different levels effects on sodium and potassium amounts of rosemary medical plants
Abbas SheibanianAbstract:Drought is one of the environmental stresses that has destructive and harmful effects on most stages of plant growth, organ structure and activity, and considering the increasing trend of developing saline lands and the lack of suitable arable lands for agricul MoreAbstract:Drought is one of the environmental stresses that has destructive and harmful effects on most stages of plant growth, organ structure and activity, and considering the increasing trend of developing saline lands and the lack of suitable arable lands for agriculture, more knowledge of the effects of priming in the conditions of salinity stress is needed. It is very important. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized block design at the Dana Medicinal Plants Research Center in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The results showed that with the increase in salinity, the amount of sodium increased and the lowest amount of sodium was related to the control treatment (28.74 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of sodium was related to the treatment with salinity of 8 dS/m (38.39). Also, with increasing salinity, the amount of potassium decreased, and the lowest amount of potassium is related to the salinity treatment of 8 dS/m (3.82 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of potassium is related to the control treatment (4.55 mg/fresh weight). According to the above information, it can be said that by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, the sodium element disturbs the balance of the ions needed by the plant by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution.Abstract:Drought is one of the environmental stresses that has destructive and harmful effects on most stages of plant growth, organ structure and activity, and considering the increasing trend of developing saline lands and the lack of suitable arable lands for agriculture, more knowledge of the effects of priming in the conditions of salinity stress is needed. It is very important. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized block design at the Dana Medicinal Plants Research Center in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The results showed that with the increase in salinity, the amount of sodium increased and the lowest amount of sodium was related to the control treatment (28.74 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of sodium was related to the treatment with salinity of 8 dS/m (38.39). Also, with increasing salinity, the amount of potassium decreased, and the lowest amount of potassium is related to the salinity treatment of 8 dS/m (3.82 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of potassium is related to the control treatment (4.55 mg/fresh weight). According to the above information, it can be said that by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, the sodium element disturbs the balance of the ions needed by the plant by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution.Abstract:Drought is one of the environmental stresses that has destructive and harmful effects on most stages of plant growth, organ structure and activity, and considering the increasing trend of developing saline lands and the lack of suitable arable lands for agriculture, more knowledge of the effects of priming in the conditions of salinity stress is needed. It is very important. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized block design at the Dana Medicinal Plants Research Center in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The results showed that with the increase in salinity, the amount of sodium increased and the lowest amount of sodium was related to the control treatment (28.74 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of sodium was related to the treatment with salinity of 8 dS/m (38.39). Also, with increasing salinity, the amount of potassium decreased, and the lowest amount of potassium is related to the salinity treatment of 8 dS/m (3.82 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of potassium is related to the control treatment (4.55 mg/fresh weight). According to the above information, it can be said that by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, the sodium element disturbs the balance of the ions needed by the plant by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution.Abstract:Drought is one of the environmental stresses that has destructive and harmful effects on most stages of plant growth, organ structure and activity, and considering the increasing trend of developing saline lands and the lack of suitable arable lands for agriculture, more knowledge of the effects of priming in the conditions of salinity stress is needed. It is very important. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized block design at the Dana Medicinal Plants Research Center in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The results showed that with the increase in salinity, the amount of sodium increased and the lowest amount of sodium was related to the control treatment (28.74 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of sodium was related to the treatment with salinity of 8 dS/m (38.39). Also, with increasing salinity, the amount of potassium decreased, and the lowest amount of potassium is related to the salinity treatment of 8 dS/m (3.82 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of potassium is related to the control treatment (4.55 mg/fresh weight). According to the above information, it can be said that by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, the sodium element disturbs the balance of the ions needed by the plant by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution. Manuscript profile
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