The Effect of Zolpidem on Testicular Tissue in Adult Male Mice
Subject Areas : Developmental biology of plants and animals , development and differentiation in microorganisms
Akbar Karimi
1
(Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran)
somayeh mahdieh najafabadi
2
(Faculty of Basic Sciences Payam Noor University of Isfahan Iran)
Keywords: Keywords: Spermatogenesis , Zolpidem , Male mice, GABA, Non-Benzodiazepine,
Abstract :
Abstract Due to the increase in sleep disorders and the use of sleeping pills to solve this problem, in this study, we examined zolpidem, which is one of the most widely used non-benzodiazepine sleeping pills, which has analgesic, anti-anxiety, and sedative properties. This study investigated the effects of the zolpidem drug on the cells of the spermatogenic process of male mice. In this experiment, 24 male mice were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups 6, including three treatment groups and one placebo group. The physiological serum placebo group and treatment groups received 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight zolpidem intraperitoneally for 10 days. In the end, the left testis was removed from the animals, and tissue sections were prepared with hematoxylin-eosin staining and subjected to microscopic examination. The results were statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. Based on this, in different groups, it was found that the decrease in the number of primary spermatogonia cells in the group receiving the high dose of the drug was statistically significant. It was also observed in this study that zolpidem does not significantly affect cells effective in the process of spermatogenesis.
[1] Roberts RE, Shema SJ, Kaplan GA. Prospective data on sleep complaints and associated risk factors in an older cohort. Psychosom Med. 1999;61(2):188-96.
[2] Mohammadiyan S, Hayati Roodbari N, Parivar K. The Effect of Zolpidem Oogenesis and LH,FSH Serum of Adult NMRI Mouse Strain. JCT. 2019;10(2):72-83.
[3] Steiner MA, Lecourt H, Strasser DS, Brisbare-Roch C, Jenck F. Differential effects of the dual orexin receptor antagonist almorexant and the GABA(A)-α1 receptor modulator zolpidem, alone or combined with ethanol, on motor performance in the rat. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;36(4):848-56.
[4] Suh S, Cho N, Zhang J. Sex Differences in Insomnia: from Epidemiology and Etiology to Intervention. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20(9):69.
[5] Institute of Medicine Committee on Sleep M, Research. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. In: Colten HR, Altevogt BM, editors. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US)Copyright © 2006, National Academy of Sciences.; 2006.
[6] Pagel JF, Parnes BL. Medications for the treatment of sleep disorders: an overview. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;3(3):118.
[7] Boland R, Verduin ML, Ruiz P. Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2022. 3768 p.
[8] Hosseini E, Khatamsaz S, Goodarzi A. The effects of zolpidem medicine on thyroid plasmic hormones of T3, T4 and TSH in male mature rats. PJMS. 2011;9(1):1-6.
[9] Xiang T, Cai Y, Hong Z, Pan J. Efficacy and safety of Zolpidem in the treatment of insomnia disorder for one month: a meta-analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Sleep Med. 2021;87:250-6.
[10]Wright BT. Repeated Zolpidem Treatment Effects on Sedative Tolerance, Withdrawal, mRNA Levels, and Protein Expression. Tennessee,USA: University of Tennessee; 2016.
[11] Dang A, Garg A, Rataboli PV. Role of zolpidem in the management of insomnia. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011;17(5):387-97.
[12] Edinoff AN, Wu N, Ghaffar YT, Prejean R, Gremillion R, Cogburn M, et al. Zolpidem: efficacy and side effects for insomnia. Health Psychol Res. 2021;9(1):14.
[13]Mohammadian F, Mohammadi S, Mohebbi N. Zolpidem and Possible Side Effects on Brain Circulation: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Pharm Care. 2022;10(4):241-4.
[14]Mohammadian Kondori S, Hayati Rodbari N, Mohammadi Gorji S, Parivar K. The Effect of Zolpidem on Uterus Tissue Histological Changes and Estradiol Serum of Adult NMRI Mouse Strain. JAPAD. 2017;10(2).
[15]Salvà P, Costa J. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem. Therapeutic implications. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995;29(3):142-53.
[16] Hoseini SB, Aghababa H, A. Nejad G. The Effect of Zolpidem on Creating Dependency of Morphin in Male Mature Mice Ucing Conditioned Place preference (CPP) Method. JPMM. 2011;2(5):117-25.
[17] Holm KJ, Goa KL. Zolpidem: an update of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of insomnia. Drugs. 2000;59(4):865-89.
[18] Tang Y-J, Ho S-Y, Chu F-Y, Chen H-A, Yin Y-J, Lee H-C, et al. Is zolpidem associated with increased risk of fractures in the elderly with sleep disorders? A nationwide case cross-over study in Taiwan. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0146030.
[19] TarmiziChe Has A, Absalom N, Van Nieuwenhuijzen PS, Clarkson AN, Ahring PK, Chebib M. Zolpidem is a potent stoichiometry-selective modulator of α1β3 GABAA receptors: evidence of a novel benzodiazepine site in the α1-α1 interface. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):1-12.
[20] Uygun DS, Ye Z, Zecharia AY, Harding EC, Yu X, Yustos R, et al. Bottom-Up versus Top-Down Induction of Sleep by Zolpidem Acting on Histaminergic and Neocortex Neurons. J Neurosci. 2016;36(44):11171-84.
[21] Bertram G. Katzung MK-H, Anthony J. Trevor. Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology Examination and Board Review. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. ; 2019. 592 p.
[22]Ahmed Attia A. Histological and Ultrastructural Studies of The Effect of Alprazolam-Induced Testicular Damage in Male Mice. Egypt Soc Exp Biol. 2013;9(1):1-14.
[23] Karimi A, Etemadi E. The Effect of Clomipramine on Spermatogenesis Process, and Testosterone, Follicle Stimulating, and Luteinizing Hormone in Laboratory Male Rats. JIMS. 2018;36(481):575-80.
[24] Dautovich N, Williams J, McCrae C. Insomnia: A Review of the Use of eszopiclone. Clin Med Insights Ther. 2009;1:CMT-S1940.
