of 4 Weeks of Morning Exercise and Green Tea Consumption on Obesity Indices in Obese Men
Subject Areas :
Sport Sciences Quarterly
kyvan khoramipour
1
,
abbasali gaeini
2
,
amirhossein amirhekmatikar
3
1 - دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزش دانشگاه تهران،تهران،ایران.
2 - استادگروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی دانشگاه تهران،تهران،ایران.
3 - گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش دانشگاه سمنان،سمنان،ایران.
Received: 2021-11-05
Accepted : 2021-11-05
Published : 2021-08-23
Keywords:
overweight,
Green tea,
Morning Exercise,
Keywords: Body mass index,
Abstract :
AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of morning exercise and green tea consumption on obesity indices in obese men. In this study, 384 obese men participated as subjects, who were divided into 4 groups, which were divided into groups: exercise (n=96), green tea (n=96), green tea and exercise (n=96), and control group (n=96). The training protocol was was 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks, each session consisting of 10 min of warm-up, 30 min of rhythmic aerobic activity, and 10 min of cooling down. Also, green tea was ingested 3 servings daily in the amount of 3 g of dry tea in 200 ml of water by the subjects of the two groups of green tea consumption, and green tea and exercise. Dependent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was no significant difference between age, height, weight, and BMI of the 4 groups before the study (p>0.05). Additionally, in the two groups of exercise, and green tea and exercise, body weight and body composition decreased significantly compared to the control group (P≥0.05), which showed the greatest decrease in the group of consumption of green tea and exercise. It can be concluded that drinking green tea alone can not have a significant effect on improving obesity indicators. However, sports activity alone had this capability. Moreover, the greatest benefit will be observed once consuming green tea is accompanied by exercise.
References:
بومپا، ت. (2005). زمانبندی و طراحی تمرین قدرتی در ورزش: برنامه تمرینی برای اوج قدرت در 35 رشته ورزشی، ترجمهی حمید رجبی، حمید آقاعلی نژاد و معرفت سیاهکوهیان، 1392، چاپ اول، تهران: انتشارات پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی.
بومپا، ت. (1999). اصول برنامه نویسی تمرینات ورزشی، ترجمهی معرفت سیاهکوهیان، 1391، چاپ اول، اردبیل: انتشارات مهر غزال.
حسن زاده سبلویی، م؛ دانش فر، ا .(1396). تاثیر یک دوره تمرین مقاومتی با الگوهای باردهی هرمی دوگانه و پلکانی معکوس بر عوامل آمادگی جسمانی دختران هندبالیست زبده، دومین کنفرانس بین المللی پژوهشهای کاربردی در تربیت بدنی، علوم ورزشی و قهرمانی، تهران.
حسینی، ی؛ میرزایی، ب؛ نعمتی، غ. (1391). اثر یک دوره تمرین قدرتی دو الگوی باردهی متفاوت (هرمی دوگانه و پلکانی معکوس) بر برخی قابلیتهای فیزیولوژیک کشتیگیران جوان، نشریه فیزیولوژی ورزشی.16: 166-151.
رابرگز، ر؛ کتائیان، ا. (2003). اصول بنیادی فیزیولوژی ورزشی: انرژی، سازگاریها و عملکرد ورزشی، ترجمهی عباسعلی گائینی و ولیالله دبیدی روشن، 1393، تهران: انتشارات سمت، جلد اول.
رزمجو، س؛ رجبی، ح؛ جنتی، م. (1389). اثر حاد و مزمن دو نوع تمرین مقاومتی هرمی و هرمی واژگون بر عامل شبه رشد انسولین سرمی در دختران غیرورزشکار. نشریه پژوهش در علوم ورزشی. 28: 57-72.
سیاهکوهیان، م؛ افرونده، ر. (1388). اصول و آزمونهای سنجش عناصر آمادگی جسمانی (راهنمای مربیان). چاپ اول. اردبیل: ثنای سرخ، جلد اول.
شوندی، ن؛ صارمی، ع. (1391). ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیک و آنتروپومتریک بازیکنان تیم ملی والیبال ایران بر اساس پست بازی. نشریه سوخت و ساز و فعالیت بدنی. 1: 71-63.
صداقتی، ا. (1392). تأثیر سیستم تمرینی منتخب کار با وزنه سوپرست متقابل به دو روش هرمی و هرمی واژگون بر پاسخ برخی هورمونهای آنابولیک، پایاننامهی کارشناسیارشد رشتهی تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد.
گائینی، ع؛ اراضی، ح؛ اسماعیلی، ج. (1387). مقایسه دو روش وزنه تمرینی (هرمی و آکسفورد) در افزایش قدرت عضلات سینهای ورزشکاران مبتدی. نشریه حرکت. 35: 141-129.
مرادی، ه. (1389). مقایسه اثرات چهار الگوی باردهی تمرین با وزنه بر میزان قدرت و هایپرتروفی عضلانی افراد مبتدی. پایاننامه کارشناسیارشد رشتهی تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان.
مک آردل، و؛ کچ، ف؛ کچ، و. (2007). فیزیولوژی ورزشی (انرژی، تغذیه و حرکات انسانی)، ترجمه اصغر خالدان، 1393، تهران: انتشارات سمت، جلد اول و دوم.
ویلمور، ج؛ کاستیل، د. (1994). فیزیولوژی ورزشی و فعالیت بدنی، ترجمهی ضیاء معینی، فرهاد رحمانینیا، حمید رجبی، حمید آقا علینژاد و فاطمه سلامی، 1390، چاپ نهم، تهران: انتشارات پیشروان، جلد اول و دوم.
American Callege of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. (2009). Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine Science of Sports Exercize, 41(3): 687-708.
Baspinar S, Uruk B, Soruklu D, Akgul O, Ozgocmen S.(2014). Brachial artery blood flow after Oxford and Delorme exercies in healthy young indiviuals. Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 8: 165-166.
Berger R. (1962). Effect of varied weight training programs on strength. Research Quarterly American Association for Health. Physical Education and Recreation, 33(2):168-81.
Bompa Th, Buzzichelli C. (2015). Periodization training for sports. 3rd ed. US: Human kinetics.
Carroll T, Barry R, Carson R. (2001). Resistance training enhances the stability of sensorimotor cooardination. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences, 268(1464): 221-7.
Da Silva D, Curty V, Areas J, Souza S, Hackney A. (2010). Comparison of delorme with oxford resisitance training techniques: effects of training on muscle damage markers. Biology of Sport, 27: 77-81.
DeLorme T. Heavy resistance exercises. (1946), Archives of Physical Medicine, 27: 607-630.
Fish D, Krabak B, Jonson-Greene D, Delateur B. (2003). Optimal Resistance training- Comparision of Delorme with Oxford techniques. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, December: 903-909.
Glynn A, Fiddler H. (2009). The Physiothrapists Pocket Guide to Exercise. 1st ed, Churchill Livingstone Elsever .
Gulunjkar P, Godbole A, Tambekar N, Wani S, Sancheti P, Shyam A. (2017). Comparison of the effect of delrome and Macqueen strengthening protocol for improving quadriceps muscle strength in normal female individuals. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 5(3):2127-32.
Harries S, Lubans D, Callister R. (2016). Comparison of resistance training progression models on maximal strength in sub-elite adolescent rugby union players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sports, 19(2):163–169.
Hoffman J. (2004). Physiological aspects of sport training and performance. 2nd Florida: Human kinetics.
Jones D, Rutherford O, Parker D. (1989). Physological changes in skeletal muscle as a result of strength training. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology, (74): 233-256.
Kraemer W, Adams K, Cafarelli E, Dudley G, Dooly C, Feigenbaum M, et al.(2012). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Journal of Medicine Science and Sports Exercise, 34(2): 364-80.
Leigtone H. (1976). Effects of maximum loads for each of ten repetitionon strength improvement. Strength and conditioning research, 5(13):715-718.
Lidor R, Ziv G. (2010). Physical and physiological attributes of female volleyball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Nov(7): 1963-1973.
Mehrberg R, Macmurdo H, Casavant B, Edwards J. (1995). A comparison of muscle fatigue during exercise in the Delorme and Oxford techniques, Academy Annual Assembly Abstracts :1060.
Miller P. (1995). Fitness programing and physical disability. US: Human kinetics.
Pereira R, Miller M, Schettino L, Machado M, Augosto-Silva P. (2014). Acute neuromuscular responses to a resistance exercise session performed using the Delorme and Oxford techniques. Human Movement, 14(4): 347-352.
Rieger Th, Naclerio F, Jiménez A, Moody (2015). EuropActive's foundations for exercise professionals. 1st ed: EroupActive publication.
Rooney K, Herbert R. (1994). Fatigue contributes to the strength training stimulus. Medicine Science sports Exercise, 26: 1160-4.
Seyedi R, Saraji A, Wang, Safi A, Shabani R. (2014). Comparision of the pattern of weight training on muscle strength and endurance in Karate man. Journal of Sports Science, 2: 214-221.
Turbanski S, Bleicher S. (2010). Effects of heavy resistance training on strength and power in upper extremities in wheelchair athletes. Journal of Strength and conditioning Research, 24(1): 8-16.
_||_
References
Anshel, M. H., Williams, L. R. T, Williams, S. M. (2000). Coping style following acute stress in competitive sport. Journal of Social Psychology. 14 (3), 751-73.
B, Khorshidi. R, Khodayari, A. (2013) Relationship between Coaching Style with Athlete’s Satisfaction of Iran Men Volleyball Super league. Sport Psychology Studies 1 (2): 65-74 (Persian)
S, Bahrololoum. H, Hosseininia. SR. (2015) The relationship between coaches’ servant leadership style with coach trust and performance of collegiate sport teams. Research in Educational Sports 2 (7): 39-51 (Persian)
Bass, B. M., Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Mwhawah, New Jersy: Lawrence Erbaum Association
Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J. (2002). Multifactor leadership questionnaire: Feedback Report Melbourne. Australia: MLQ Pty. Ltd.
Coker, N. A. (2016). Relationship between stress-recovery state and running performance in Men's collegiate soccer.
Cruz, A. B., Kim, H. D. (2017). Leadership preferences of adolescent players in sport: Influence of coach gender. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 16, 172-179.
Diffenbachia, S. (2009). Coaching leadership styles and athlete satisfaction among hockey team. Human Capital Development, 2(1), 77-87.
Filho, E., Di Fronso, S., Forzini, F., Murgia, M., Agostini, T., Bortoli, L., Bertollo, M. (2015). Athletic performance and recovery–stress factors in cycling: An ever-changing balance. European journal of sport science, 15(8), 671-680.
B. (2003) Theories of Organizational Behavior, Tehran (Persian).
H. (2014) Relationship between trust in leadership and athletic performance in selected sports (Gymnastics, Diving and Wushu). Tarbiat Moalem University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science (Persian)
N. (2014) Investigation on the relationship between organizational stress and performance of members in Iranian national female's taekwondo team at the international events. MSc Thesis, PNU Tehran (Persian).
Z, Tondnevis. F. (2014). Relationship among coaching behavior, achievement motivation and team players performance of Iranian Handball pro-league. Research in Sport Management and Motor Behaviour 3 (6): 112-122 (Persian)
Hammermeister, J., Rieke, , Chase, M. (2015). Servant leadership in sport: a new paradigm for effective coach behavior. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 3(2), 227-239.
Hardy, L., Rees, T., Freeman, P. (2007). Stressors, social support, and effects upon performance in golf. Journal of Sport Sciences, 25, 33-42.
Ioana, A. C., Vasilica, G., Alin, L., & Iulian, A. D. (2012). The relationship between competition stress and biological reactions in practicing performance in athletics. Ovidius Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health, 12(1), 5-11.
M, Heydarnejad. H, Shafinia. P, Nuroozi. AM. (2015) The Study of relationship between coaches’Leadership behaviors with success and avoid failure motivation in women players of volleyball teams. Applied Research of Sport Management and Biology 3 (12): 21-33 (Persian)
Lazarus, R. S., Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. springer publishing company. campen C, roberts D C. coping strategies of runners: Perceived effectiveness and to precompetitive anxiety. Journal of Sport Behavior. 2001; 24(4), 144- 61.
Magnusen, M. J. (2010). Differences in strength and conditioning coach self-perception of leadership style behavior at the national basketball association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(6), 1440-1450.
MR. (2009) Examining the success factors of the national basketball team in the Asian Cup (Research Project), National Olympic Academy, Tehran (Persian)
Neil R, Hanton S, Mellalieu S D, Fletcher D. Competition stress and emotions in sports performers: The role of further appraisals. Psych sport and exercise. 2011; 12(3): 460-70.
Passos, P. (2008). Dynamical decision making in rugby: identifying interpersonal coordination patterns. PHD dissertation. Technical university of Lisbon.
Van Raalte, L. (2012). Stress, social support, self-Efficacy, and Performance for collegiate student-athletes: An application of the stress-buffering model, A Thesis to be Submitted to the Graduate Division of the University of HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in Communicology.
Varsoltan Zarandi. H. (2009) Creditworthiness and reliability of the 360-degree feedback scale for leadership in sports management (Research Project), Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran (Persian)
Vosoughi niri. A, Ruhollahi. A, Hamd. MH. (2016) A survey of effect of job stress on general health and job performance on Air Traffic Controllers (ATC). Iran Occupational Health 13 (1) :47-57 (Persian)
Sh, Seyed Hosseini. R.N., Azadi, A. (2010) The Effect of Coaching Leadership Styles on Motivation and Achievement Objectives of Iranian Women's Basketball Players. Sport Management (12): 179-199 (Persian)
Zeyn Abadi, HR. (2010) The Transformative Leaders in School: Female Managers or Male Managers? Women in Development and Politics (Women's Research), 8 (2): 115-141 (Persian)
