Surgical treatment of fractured humerus in a golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos): a case report
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Davoud Kazemi
1
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Received: 2020-11-10
Accepted : 2021-04-10
Published : 2021-01-20
Keywords:
Golden Eagle,
Keywords: Fracture,
Humerus,
Surgical treatment,
Abstract :
AbstractFractures are important orthopaedic problems of birds of prey or raptors which are mainly caused by trauma. An adult female golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) was referred to the surgery division of the faculty of veterinary medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in November 2019. Traumatic injury of the upper left wing area was detected in clinical and orthopaedic examination and comminuted fracture of the humeral diaphysis was observed in radiography. Considering the type and anatomic location of the fracture, surgical treatment was conducted by means of internal fixation and intramedullary pinning. Surgical exposure of the humeral diaphysis was achieved by dorsal approach and a suitably sized intramedullary pin was inserted in a retrograde fashion inside the medullary cavity. Bone healing was evaluated post-operatively using serial radiographs. Complete bone healing occurred after 71 days and the intramedullary pin was removed. The bird returned to its normal pre-injury state following treatment and no complications resulting from the fracture or its surgical treatment was observed. Successful treatment of fractures in birds of prey is possible by adherence to principles of orthopaedic surgery and considering the unique features of these animals leading to the protection of these valuable species of wildlife in our country.
References:
Bennett, R.A. and Kuzma, A.B. (1992). Fracture management in birds. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 23(1): 5-38.
Carrasco, D.C., Shimizu, N.S. and Forbes, N.A. (2017). Review and advances in avian orthopaedic surgery: part 1—introduction. Companion Animal, 22(2): 104-108.
Doneley, B. (2016). Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice, 2nd ed., Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp: 399-419.
Gayathri, S.L. and Sunil, K.S. (2018). Surgical correction of diphysary humeral fracture in a pariah kite (milvusmigrans). Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 19(2): 21-24.
Jones, R. and Redig, P.T. (2001). Autogenous callus for repair of a humeral cortical defect in a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 15(4): 302-309.
Kayikci, C., Kuscu, Y., Durmus, A. and Aslan, L. (2019). Fractures and treatment methods in wild avians. Van Veterinary Journal, 30(2): 115-119.
Ponder, J.B. and Redig, P. (2016). Orthopedics. In: Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery, Speer, B.L., Editor in chief, 1st ed., St. Louis: Elsevier, pp: 657-667.
Scott, D.E. (2016). Raptor Medicine, Surgery and Rehabilitation, 2nd ed., UK: CABI, pp: 165-209.
Shafaeipour, A. (2015). Nesting season diet of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in western Iran. Journal of Raptor Research, 49(3): 303-307.
Vasiu, I., Ober, C., Muresan, C., Lacatus, R., Oana, L., Dabrowski, R. and Pestean, C. (2020). Retrograde long bone intramedullary pinning in wing fractures of the common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 76(10): 597-601.
Vergneau-Grosset, C., Dube, C., Fitzgerald, G. and Lair, S. (2020). Characteristics of antebrachial fractures associated with a successful outcome among free-ranging birds of prey that received treatment in a rehabilitation program. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 256(5): 580-589.
Westfall, M.L. and Egger, E.L. (1979). The management of long bone fractures in birds. Iowa State University Veterinarian, 41(2): 81-87.
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Bennett, R.A. and Kuzma, A.B. (1992). Fracture management in birds. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 23(1): 5-38.
Carrasco, D.C., Shimizu, N.S. and Forbes, N.A. (2017). Review and advances in avian orthopaedic surgery: part 1—introduction. Companion Animal, 22(2): 104-108.
Doneley, B. (2016). Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice, 2nd ed., Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp: 399-419.
Gayathri, S.L. and Sunil, K.S. (2018). Surgical correction of diphysary humeral fracture in a pariah kite (milvusmigrans). Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 19(2): 21-24.
Jones, R. and Redig, P.T. (2001). Autogenous callus for repair of a humeral cortical defect in a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 15(4): 302-309.
Kayikci, C., Kuscu, Y., Durmus, A. and Aslan, L. (2019). Fractures and treatment methods in wild avians. Van Veterinary Journal, 30(2): 115-119.
Ponder, J.B. and Redig, P. (2016). Orthopedics. In: Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery, Speer, B.L., Editor in chief, 1st ed., St. Louis: Elsevier, pp: 657-667.
Scott, D.E. (2016). Raptor Medicine, Surgery and Rehabilitation, 2nd ed., UK: CABI, pp: 165-209.
Shafaeipour, A. (2015). Nesting season diet of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in western Iran. Journal of Raptor Research, 49(3): 303-307.
Vasiu, I., Ober, C., Muresan, C., Lacatus, R., Oana, L., Dabrowski, R. and Pestean, C. (2020). Retrograde long bone intramedullary pinning in wing fractures of the common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 76(10): 597-601.
Vergneau-Grosset, C., Dube, C., Fitzgerald, G. and Lair, S. (2020). Characteristics of antebrachial fractures associated with a successful outcome among free-ranging birds of prey that received treatment in a rehabilitation program. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 256(5): 580-589.
Westfall, M.L. and Egger, E.L. (1979). The management of long bone fractures in birds. Iowa State University Veterinarian, 41(2): 81-87.