The effect of some growth regulators on the micro propagation of orchid (Phalaenopsis philippinensis) by flowering stem buds
Subject Areas : Genetic
1 - Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
Keywords: Indole Butyric Acid, micro propagation, Keywords: Benzyl amino purine, Phalaenopsis orchid, Plant tissue culture,
Abstract :
Orchids are one of the most famous and important ornamental plants that have a high commercial value. plant tissue culture is one of the most important methods for the plant proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine the best concentration of growth regulators of benzyl amino purine (BAP) and indole butyric acid (IBA) on orchid micro propagation. The flower stem buds of orchid (Phalaenopsis philippinensis) were used as explant. This study was performed as a factorial in a completely randomized design with two factors BAP, IBA and in three replications. In the stem formation section of the first factor BAP at 4 levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) and IBA at 2 levels (0 and 0.25 mg/l), also in the root formation section the first factor IBA in 4 levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) and BAP were considered at 2 levels (0 and 0.1 mg/l). The results of this study showed that the highest number of shoot formation was obtained at the concentration of 1 mg/L BAP with 0.25 mg/L IBA which has led to the production of 12.27 shoot per explant. The lowest number of shoot formation was observed in the group control. In the root formation, the highest number of roots (4.33) and also the maximum root length (8.67 cm) were obtained at the concentration of 1 mg/L IBA with 0.1 mg/L BAP. The results also show that the combination of growth regulators together improves the result in comparison with their uses alone. Therefor results generally shows that the plant tissue culture is a suitable and optimal way to propagate orchid species.
Arditti, J. (2008). Micropropagation of Orchid. In: USA. 564-843.
Arditti, J. and Alec, M. (1993). Fundamental of Orchid Biology. Wiley Interscience. In: New York. 432-654.
Asa, M. and Kaviani, B. (2020). In vitro propagation of orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume var. Jawa. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology. 10(2): 3113-3123.
Balilashaki, Kh. and Ghasemi Ghehsareh, M. (2016). Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis amabilis var. ‘Manila’ by leaves obtained from in vitro culturing the nodes of flower stalks. Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 8 (2): 164-169.
Balilashaki, K., Naderi, R. and Kalantari, S. (2016). Comparing sexual and asexual micropropagation potential for reduction of juvenile phase in Phalaenopsis orchid. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 47(2): 221-232.
Balilashaki, Kh., Naderi, R., Kalantari, S. and Soorni., A. (2014). Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis amabilis cv. Cool 'Breeze' with using of flower stalk nodes and leaves of sterile obtained from node cultures. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 3(7): 823-829.
Baker, B., Kaviani, B., Nematzadeh, Gh. and Negahdar, N. (2014). Micropropagation of Orchis catasetum – A rare and endangered orchid. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus. 13 (2): 197-205.
Bektas, E., Cuce, M. and Sokmen, A. (2013). In vitro regeneration from protocorms in Dendrobium aqueum Lindley – An imperiled orchid. Turkish Journal of Botany. 37: 336-342.
Chen, J. and Chang, W. C. (2006). Direct Somatic embryogenensis and plant regeneration from leaf explants Phalaenopsis. Bioplant. 50: 169-173.
Chugh, H. S., Guha, S. and Rao, U. (2009). Micropropagation of Orchid: A review on the potential of different explants. Scientia Horticulturae. 122: 507-520.
Giridhar, P., Obul Reddy, B. and Ravishankar, G. A. (2001). Silver nitrate influences in vitro shoot multiplication and root formation in Vanilla planifolia Androl. Current Science. 81: 1166–1170.
Griesbach, R. J. (2002). Development of Phalaenopsis Orchids for the mass-market. ASHS Press, Alexandria, 458-465.
Hempfling, T. and Preil, W. (2005). Application of a temporary immersion system in mass propagation of Phalaenopsis. In Liquid Culture Systems for In Vitro Plant Propagation. Springer Netherlands. 231-242.
Hossain, M. M., Sharma, M., Teixeira da Silva, J. A. and Phthak, P. (2010). Seed germination and tissue culture of Cymbidium giganteum Wall. Ex. Lindl. Scientia Horticulturae. 123: 479-487.
Kosir, P., Skof, S. and Luthar, Z. (2004). Direct shoot regeneration from node of Phalaenopsis Orchid. Acta Agriculture Slovenia. 83: 233-242.
Knudson, L., (1922). Nonsymbiotic germination of orchid seeds. Bot. Gaz. 73: 1–7.
Kriswanto, B., Soeparjono, S. and Restanto, D. P. (2020). Primacy of liquid medium technique on protocorm like bodipropagationof phalaenopsis sp. Orkids in tissue culture. Biovalentia: Biological Reaserch Journal. 6(1): 1-7.
Lal, N. and Singh, M. (2020). Prospects of Plant Tissue Culture in Orchid Propagation: A Review. Indian Journal of Biology 7(2): 103-110.
Luo, J. P., Wawrosch, C. and Kopp, B. (2009). Enhanced micropropagation of Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng through protocorm-like bodies: The effect of cytokinins, carbohydrate sources and cold pretreatment. Scientia Horticulturae. 123: 258-262.
Mahendran, G. and Narmatha Bai, V. (2009). Mass propagation of Satyrium nepalense D. Don A medicinal orchid via seed culture. Scientia Horticulturae. 119: 203–207.
Morel, G., (1960). Producing virus-free cymbidiums. Am. Orchid Soc. Bull. 29: 495–497.
Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiology Plant. 15: 473–479.
Nongdam, P., Nirmala, C. and Tewari, R. (2006). In vitro multiplication of Cymbidium pendulum orchids via embryo culture. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 7: 145–150.
Novotna, K. W., Vejsadova, H. and Kindlemann, P. (2007). Effect of sugars and growth regulators on in vitro growth of Dactylorhiza species. Biologia Plantarum 51: 198-200.
Panwar, D., Ram, K. and Shekhawat, H. N. S. (2012). In vitro propagation of Eulophia nuda Lindl., an endangered orchid. Scientia Horticulturae. 139: 46–52.
Parthibhan, S., Rao, M. V. and Kumar, T. S. (2015). In vitro regeneration from protocorms in Dendrobium aqueum Lindley – An imperiled orchid. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 13: 227-233.
Roy, A.R., Patel, R.S., Sajeev, S. and Deka, C. (2011). Asymbiotic seed germination, mass propagation and seedling development of Vanda coerulea Griff ex. Lindle. (Blue Vanda): An in vitro protocol for an endangered orchid. Scientia Horticulturae. 128: 325-331.
Teixeira da Silva, J.A., Singh., N. and Tanaka, M. (2006). Priming biotic factors for optimal protocorm-like body and callus induction in hybrid Cymbidium (Orchidaceae), and assessment of cytogenetic stability in regenerated plants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 84: 135-144.
Thwe, M.K.H., Myint, K.T., Khaing, T. T. and Shwe1, S.S. (2018). In vitro clonal propagation of phalaenopsis through young leaf. Journal of Agricultural Research. 5(2): 99-103.
Winarto, B., Atmini, K. D., Badriah, D.S. and Wegadara, M. (2016). In vitro embryogenesis derived from shoot tips in mass propagation of two selected-clones of phalaenopsis. Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 8(3): 317-325.
Wu, I. F., Chen J. T. and Chang W. C. (2004). Effect of auxins and cytokinins on embryo formation from root-derived callus of Oncidium 'Gower Ramsey. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 77: 107-109.
Yeowa LC, Chewa BL, Sreeramanan S. (2020). Elevation of secondary metabolites production through light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium hybrid orchid rich in phytochemicals with therapeutic effects. Biotech Rep. 27: e00497
Zahara, M. (2017). A review: Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis sp. from leaf and flower stalk explants. Jurnal Natural. 17 (2): 91-95.
_||_Arditti, J. (2008). Micropropagation of Orchid. In: USA. 564-843.
Arditti, J. and Alec, M. (1993). Fundamental of Orchid Biology. Wiley Interscience. In: New York. 432-654.
Asa, M. and Kaviani, B. (2020). In vitro propagation of orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume var. Jawa. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology. 10(2): 3113-3123.
Balilashaki, Kh. and Ghasemi Ghehsareh, M. (2016). Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis amabilis var. ‘Manila’ by leaves obtained from in vitro culturing the nodes of flower stalks. Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 8 (2): 164-169.
Balilashaki, K., Naderi, R. and Kalantari, S. (2016). Comparing sexual and asexual micropropagation potential for reduction of juvenile phase in Phalaenopsis orchid. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 47(2): 221-232.
Balilashaki, Kh., Naderi, R., Kalantari, S. and Soorni., A. (2014). Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis amabilis cv. Cool 'Breeze' with using of flower stalk nodes and leaves of sterile obtained from node cultures. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 3(7): 823-829.
Baker, B., Kaviani, B., Nematzadeh, Gh. and Negahdar, N. (2014). Micropropagation of Orchis catasetum – A rare and endangered orchid. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus. 13 (2): 197-205.
Bektas, E., Cuce, M. and Sokmen, A. (2013). In vitro regeneration from protocorms in Dendrobium aqueum Lindley – An imperiled orchid. Turkish Journal of Botany. 37: 336-342.
Chen, J. and Chang, W. C. (2006). Direct Somatic embryogenensis and plant regeneration from leaf explants Phalaenopsis. Bioplant. 50: 169-173.
Chugh, H. S., Guha, S. and Rao, U. (2009). Micropropagation of Orchid: A review on the potential of different explants. Scientia Horticulturae. 122: 507-520.
Giridhar, P., Obul Reddy, B. and Ravishankar, G. A. (2001). Silver nitrate influences in vitro shoot multiplication and root formation in Vanilla planifolia Androl. Current Science. 81: 1166–1170.
Griesbach, R. J. (2002). Development of Phalaenopsis Orchids for the mass-market. ASHS Press, Alexandria, 458-465.
Hempfling, T. and Preil, W. (2005). Application of a temporary immersion system in mass propagation of Phalaenopsis. In Liquid Culture Systems for In Vitro Plant Propagation. Springer Netherlands. 231-242.
Hossain, M. M., Sharma, M., Teixeira da Silva, J. A. and Phthak, P. (2010). Seed germination and tissue culture of Cymbidium giganteum Wall. Ex. Lindl. Scientia Horticulturae. 123: 479-487.
Kosir, P., Skof, S. and Luthar, Z. (2004). Direct shoot regeneration from node of Phalaenopsis Orchid. Acta Agriculture Slovenia. 83: 233-242.
Knudson, L., (1922). Nonsymbiotic germination of orchid seeds. Bot. Gaz. 73: 1–7.
Kriswanto, B., Soeparjono, S. and Restanto, D. P. (2020). Primacy of liquid medium technique on protocorm like bodipropagationof phalaenopsis sp. Orkids in tissue culture. Biovalentia: Biological Reaserch Journal. 6(1): 1-7.
Lal, N. and Singh, M. (2020). Prospects of Plant Tissue Culture in Orchid Propagation: A Review. Indian Journal of Biology 7(2): 103-110.
Luo, J. P., Wawrosch, C. and Kopp, B. (2009). Enhanced micropropagation of Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng through protocorm-like bodies: The effect of cytokinins, carbohydrate sources and cold pretreatment. Scientia Horticulturae. 123: 258-262.
Mahendran, G. and Narmatha Bai, V. (2009). Mass propagation of Satyrium nepalense D. Don A medicinal orchid via seed culture. Scientia Horticulturae. 119: 203–207.
Morel, G., (1960). Producing virus-free cymbidiums. Am. Orchid Soc. Bull. 29: 495–497.
Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiology Plant. 15: 473–479.
Nongdam, P., Nirmala, C. and Tewari, R. (2006). In vitro multiplication of Cymbidium pendulum orchids via embryo culture. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 7: 145–150.
Novotna, K. W., Vejsadova, H. and Kindlemann, P. (2007). Effect of sugars and growth regulators on in vitro growth of Dactylorhiza species. Biologia Plantarum 51: 198-200.
Panwar, D., Ram, K. and Shekhawat, H. N. S. (2012). In vitro propagation of Eulophia nuda Lindl., an endangered orchid. Scientia Horticulturae. 139: 46–52.
Parthibhan, S., Rao, M. V. and Kumar, T. S. (2015). In vitro regeneration from protocorms in Dendrobium aqueum Lindley – An imperiled orchid. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 13: 227-233.
Roy, A.R., Patel, R.S., Sajeev, S. and Deka, C. (2011). Asymbiotic seed germination, mass propagation and seedling development of Vanda coerulea Griff ex. Lindle. (Blue Vanda): An in vitro protocol for an endangered orchid. Scientia Horticulturae. 128: 325-331.
Teixeira da Silva, J.A., Singh., N. and Tanaka, M. (2006). Priming biotic factors for optimal protocorm-like body and callus induction in hybrid Cymbidium (Orchidaceae), and assessment of cytogenetic stability in regenerated plants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 84: 135-144.
Thwe, M.K.H., Myint, K.T., Khaing, T. T. and Shwe1, S.S. (2018). In vitro clonal propagation of phalaenopsis through young leaf. Journal of Agricultural Research. 5(2): 99-103.
Winarto, B., Atmini, K. D., Badriah, D.S. and Wegadara, M. (2016). In vitro embryogenesis derived from shoot tips in mass propagation of two selected-clones of phalaenopsis. Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 8(3): 317-325.
Wu, I. F., Chen J. T. and Chang W. C. (2004). Effect of auxins and cytokinins on embryo formation from root-derived callus of Oncidium 'Gower Ramsey. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 77: 107-109.
Yeowa LC, Chewa BL, Sreeramanan S. (2020). Elevation of secondary metabolites production through light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium hybrid orchid rich in phytochemicals with therapeutic effects. Biotech Rep. 27: e00497
Zahara, M. (2017). A review: Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis sp. from leaf and flower stalk explants. Jurnal Natural. 17 (2): 91-95.
