• List of Articles PET

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Investigating the impact of supply chain management on improving organizational performance with regard to the mediating role of competitive advantage: the case study of South Aluminum Corporation (SALCO)
        mokhtar ranjbar
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of supply chain management on improving organizational performance with regard to the mediating role of competitive advantage (the case study of South Aluminum Corporation). The present research method is a descr More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of supply chain management on improving organizational performance with regard to the mediating role of competitive advantage (the case study of South Aluminum Corporation). The present research method is a descriptive analysis of the survey type and is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research includes 2300 employees of South Aluminum Corporation. In this research, the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and the stratified sampling method according to the sample size, 341 people as a sample. The research tools in this research included three standard questionnaires of supply chain management by Lee et al. (2006), the standard questionnaire of competitive advantage questionnaire by Lee et al. (2006) and the standard questionnaire of Patterson's organizational performance (2005). The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated and confirmed using content validity and construct validity and the reliability of the mentioned questionnaires based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this research, to analyze the data from the "structural equation model" and especially the path analysis technique, using the Smart PLS software, the specified paths of the research according to the conceptual model have been examined. The findings of the research showed that the management The supply chain has a positive effect on the improvement of the organizational performance studied by the South Aluminum Corporation, and the competitive advantage plays a mediating role in the influence of the supply chain management on the improvement of the organizational performance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Application of structural approach-complexity-interpretation of supply chain and its role in competitiveness in automotive industry
        Saeid Zanganeh bolghis bavarsad majid nili ahmadabadi
        Extensive progress in supply chain management operations and logistics research has led to the changing nature of the competition in modern businesses. In the supply chain process, the performance of supply chain management is an important and key factor for the acquisi More
        Extensive progress in supply chain management operations and logistics research has led to the changing nature of the competition in modern businesses. In the supply chain process, the performance of supply chain management is an important and key factor for the acquisition of competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to use a structural approach-complexity interpretation of supply chain and its role in competitiveness in automotive industry in the automotive industry. This paper is in terms of development goal, which by using the combined method, in two stages, including identification of indicators by thematic analysis method and its test was conducted using a correlational survey. The statistical population of the paper in the quality phase of the managers of Iran Khodro Company of Khuzestan province and professors and in the quantitative phase of managers, employees and staff of Iran Khodro Company of Khuzestan Province is a small part of the formation of a structural self-interactive matrix to follow structural and interpretive modeling. The sample size in the qualitative phase was determined by the method of judgement. The results showed that 3 main indices and 15 sub-indexes were identified as the main model factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Planning the future of Iran with nation branding
        Amin Ardalan Hossein Vazifehdust Hashem Nikoomaram
        In order to plan the future, knowledge of the attitudes, perceptions and identification of the various factors and dimensions affecting the nation brand of a country is necessary for any specialist and organization that wants to create, exploit, maintain, and develop a More
        In order to plan the future, knowledge of the attitudes, perceptions and identification of the various factors and dimensions affecting the nation brand of a country is necessary for any specialist and organization that wants to create, exploit, maintain, and develop a brand. Therefore, the present study seeks to find effective factors in nation branding in such a way as to identify the variables specific to Iran and to provide a suitable and comprehensive roadmap for future planning of the nation brand. The statistical population of the study was tourists who visited Iran and collected information from 987 individuals using a questionnaire. Using descriptive surveying method and structural equation modeling, eight hypotheses are analyzed and applied in terms of purpose. The results show that the factors of government, culture, tourism, society, geography, and nature, affect Brand. Also, export brands, science, and technology and economics are factors that affect the nation brand. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Developing a Comprehensive Model of Strategic Thinking as an Organizational Competency for the NIGC (Iranian National Gas Co.)
        nima rahmani mirza hassn Hosseini mohammad Mahmudi Meymand mohammad taghi amini
        Background: Studies of the last two decades in the field of strategic thinking have been developed in two branches of psychology and management. Researchers have recently proposed a hybrid approach that has led to the development of an organizational competency. Object More
        Background: Studies of the last two decades in the field of strategic thinking have been developed in two branches of psychology and management. Researchers have recently proposed a hybrid approach that has led to the development of an organizational competency. Objective: the purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive and process model of strategic thinking for the Iran National Gas Company`s mangers, in accordance with synthesizing the recent studies, as an organizational competency which separated in two dimensions of content and strategies with the aim of developing its components as well as identifying and explaining the unique requesting factors, the underlying factors on both the individual and organizational levels and the expected outcomes. Methods: the research plan was an exploratory combination which through qualitative strategies (Grounded Theory and meta-synthesis), primary conceptual model was obtained. Then, through a quantitative strategy (survey), model was tested. In the qualitative section, a targeted sampling method, a semi-structured interview with managers of strategic level, as well as a taking notes of the company's documents, were applied. In quantitative section, based on vizenry rule, the number and member of sample were determined. The number of sample was determined based on the Vinzi`s rule and STQv6 test. Data was collected by using an electronic questionnaire. Findings: the requirements including environmental, organizational and value as requesting factors, the visionary manager and the corporate entrepreneurship as the underlying factors, the content dimension of strategic thinking, including 5 methods of divergent thinking, strategies include 6 ways of thinking, the target and expected outcomes including 4 organizational capabilities, in whole, form the strategic thinking model. Results: strategic thinking, should be used as an organizational competency focused on the organizational goals and in accordance with environmental requirement to optimally develop organization's capabilities. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Impact of environment dynamics and competitiveness on business performance; Analyzing the role of product innovation strategies and processes
        saeed jafari titkanloo Nafiseh Zolfaghari Omid Behboodi Mohammad Zia Mohseni
        Abstract Background: recently, more notable performance is expected from knowledge-based companies. Some intra-organizational factors (such as innovation strategies) and also a number of extra-organizational factors (such as competitiveness and environmental dynamics) c More
        Abstract Background: recently, more notable performance is expected from knowledge-based companies. Some intra-organizational factors (such as innovation strategies) and also a number of extra-organizational factors (such as competitiveness and environmental dynamics) can play significant roles in their performance. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the connection of dynamics variables and environmental competitiveness with the variables of product innovation strategy and process innovation. Another objective of this article is to investigate the impact of these factors on business performance. Methods: This research is an applied and descriptive correlational study. The statistical population includes 170 managers of knowledge-based companies of Khorasan Razavi province out of which 115 were randomly selected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire which its validity and reliability was confirmed. Causal relationships between variables were measured using PLS software. Results: The results indicate that environmental competitiveness affects both process and product innovation. It also affects business performance through innovation. Also, the Environmental dynamics affect product and process innovation and through them affect business performance. Conclusion: Knowledge-based companies should investigate the environmental conditions and formulate innovative strategies based on its competitiveness and dynamics to achieve optimal performance. Keywords: Business Performance, Product Innovation, Process Innovation, Environmental Dynamics, Environmental Competitiveness Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Providing Identification of Dimensions, Components and Indicators of Professional Competency Model Promotion
        AMIR TIMORZADE AFSANEH ZAMANI MOGHADAM Naser Mirsepasi
        This study was designed and developed to provide a model for enhancing the professional competence of faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Science and Research of Tehran. The importance of the issue is due to the weakness in the professional characteristics of More
        This study was designed and developed to provide a model for enhancing the professional competence of faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Science and Research of Tehran. The importance of the issue is due to the weakness in the professional characteristics of its members and other universities as reported by previous research. The statistical population includes all the faculty members of the Azad University of Science and Research Branch; this university was chosen to extend its criteria to other units if the features were identified. Due to the relative novelty of the subject, the researcher used a qualitative method. In this way, using Delphi technique, the indicators of professional competency model of the faculty were designed. The sample consisted of 10 faculty members who were randomly selected. The results showed that the designed model can be used in Islamic Azad University; this model was tested for use elsewhere by statistical indices and the findings confirmed the model. Keywords (English): Professional Competency Model, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Human Resources, Higher Education System Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Determination of Innovative Actions of the Organization using Porter's Competitive Combined Model and Blue Ocean Strategy
        Fatemeh Khoshkam Mehdi Abbasi
        To continue the life of organizations in today's global marketplace, finding solutions to the exit from the competition field. The purpose of this research is to provide an algorithm for the development of innovative measures by using Porter's competitive forces and the More
        To continue the life of organizations in today's global marketplace, finding solutions to the exit from the competition field. The purpose of this research is to provide an algorithm for the development of innovative measures by using Porter's competitive forces and the blue ocean strategy.This research is descriptive survey and in terms of applied purpose. In this research, by presenting a two-step algorithm, the competitive environment and industry structure are identified, while evaluating the attractiveness of the organization, a suitable strategy for leaving the competitive environment is presented. In order to implement the proposed algorithm in the IRAFA company, the first team of experts included all the experts and managers. In the second stage, using a questionnaire scan and performing statistical tests, it was determined that among five of Porter's competitive forces, the competition among existing organizations was the main cause of the threat. Also, Table Four Action of the Blue Ocean Strategy Plan was developed with an emphasis on value innovation for the IRAFA company. Emphasizing value innovation can be integrating and synchronizing with similar small organizations; creating targeted advertising; providing services through the Internet; careful operation of free consulting services; eliminating specialized vocabulary in advertising for the company. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - A Futurology-Based Study into the Key Factors Affecting the Competitive Advantage with an Emphasis on Social Marketing (Case Study: Refah Bank Staff)
        mahdi karimian kakolaki Mohammad Haghighi abdolkhalegh gholami chenarestan olia
        10.30495/jmfr.2022.20721
        This research took a futurology-based approach to study and analyze the key factors influencing the competitive advantage with an emphasis on social marketing in Refah bank staff. The study was of applied type in terms of its purpose and of descriptive type in terms of More
        This research took a futurology-based approach to study and analyze the key factors influencing the competitive advantage with an emphasis on social marketing in Refah bank staff. The study was of applied type in terms of its purpose and of descriptive type in terms of data collection. The six hypotheses used in this study were taken from a conceptual model which was obtained in a qualitative research. Further, the data was gathered via a researcher-developed questionnaire. The statistical population of the study included 200 mangers and experts of Refah bank. The sample of the study also consisted of 127 managers and staff done by gorjesi and Morgan table through clustering method. For validity check, face and content types of validity were checked and for reliability, Chronbach alpha was used. Given the low number of participants, PLS, which is a variance-based technique for path modeling, was employed to analyze gathered data. The obtained results of the study confirmed all of the hypotheses. Accordingly, it could be concluded that the key factors influencing the competitive advantage for Refah bank staff are “social responsibility”, creating confidence and welfare for customers”, “implementing customer–oriented policies”, and “emphasizing on customers’ fidelity and satisfaction” through purposive marketing and green marketing methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Investigating the effect of factors and variables of international competitiveness for food industry companies in Iran with a futures research approach (Case study: Khuzestan food industry)
        hossein ghobeishavi abdolkhalegh gholami chenarestan olia Mohammad Haghighi
        10.30495/jmfr.2023.21993
        The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the factors and variables which can influence on international competitiveness of food industry companies in Khuzestan province. This research is an applied, descriptive and correlational research, and the futures More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the factors and variables which can influence on international competitiveness of food industry companies in Khuzestan province. This research is an applied, descriptive and correlational research, and the futures research approach is performed for it. Research hypotheses have been achieved from a qualitative stage that uses theories and experiences of food industry experts. The data required to test the hypotheses were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this research consists of business, marketing and export managers of Khuzestan food industry companies, which are sufficiently familiar with market and industry conditions and specifications of foreign buyers. The number of these experts was 250. Using a Georgian and Morgan formula and cluster sampling method, a sample of 157 people has been selected. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by referring to a prototype and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The research results indicate that 8 factors including the cost of products, product quality, to have advanced technology in company, the presence of expert human resource, efficient marketing management, to have famous brands in the company, high quality packaging, and easy access to high quality materials can have effect on creating an effective competitive advantage for food industry companies of Khuzestan Province. Also, according to these results, the effect of competitive advantage on international competitiveness of companies has been approved. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - The Need tp Adapt a Fundamental Change Approach to Public Administration Programs in Order to Improve and Enhance the Capacity and Competency of the State
        N.i Mirsepass M. Ghahremani
        Fundamental changes in bureaucracy in our country have been noted for many decades by scholars inthe field. In 2002, the Ministers’ Board agreed to implement a seven-principle program oftransformation in PA by state apparatus . The new definition of the state is a More
        Fundamental changes in bureaucracy in our country have been noted for many decades by scholars inthe field. In 2002, the Ministers’ Board agreed to implement a seven-principle program oftransformation in PA by state apparatus . The new definition of the state is as a facilitator andaccelerator factor of development; the goal of program is improvement of competence in PA. Thetransformation program should be implemented simultaneously to achieve the goal. This paperexamines the relationship between the implementation strategy for the transformation program of PAand the competence of the state.Using a common index, we gathered a sample of 99 participants from the public implement apparatusof center of the West Azarbayjan province . The findings show mismatching between the program andimplementation due to political, technical and organizational centralization; lack of proper motivationfor top managers; lack of non-governmental institutions in the process of evaluating performance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Competency Modeling for Public Sector Managers (Middle Managers of Industrial Section)
        N. Mirsepasci D. Gholamzadeh
        Nowadays in our turbulent and stormy world what can undertake the developing life of organizationsand governments are just powerful and efficient managers. Efficient and competent managers shouldhave been trained to have efficient and effective management systems. Perfe More
        Nowadays in our turbulent and stormy world what can undertake the developing life of organizationsand governments are just powerful and efficient managers. Efficient and competent managers shouldhave been trained to have efficient and effective management systems. Perfect framework is neededfor training and developing consequently. We can reach to the goal and strategies of the organizationsand governments. in other side governmental organizations like private organizations involve manybig changes so we can not hope to static models of management development. Therefore new flexiblemodels are needed which consider different environmental variant and organizational policies andnecessary advises according to environmental changes. The goal of this study is planning and advisingmentioned contingency model. Therefore Dr. Johnson typology model with four kind of developingmanagement were selected. Then many other competency models from governmental organizations indifferent countries were studied. With applying comparative study, similarities and differences pointdefined. In operational part of this study with defining and describing deferent part of four kind ofdeveloping management and with presenting different competency, expert group are requested todefined appropriate competencies for each type of developing management according to their priority .Collected data analyzed and appropriate competencies for each type of management developmentworked out. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Design of a model for determining the strategy of outsourcing in the maintenance operations, in manufacturing units
        M. Alborzi H. Adab
        Most organizations don't follow a specific method to decide how to outsource their activities. Studiesshow that most organizations make these decisions mainly based on their overhead costs. In theseorganizations, those activities are selected for outsourcing which decre More
        Most organizations don't follow a specific method to decide how to outsource their activities. Studiesshow that most organizations make these decisions mainly based on their overhead costs. In theseorganizations, those activities are selected for outsourcing which decrease the overhead costs.In spite of wide studies about outsourcing a documented and comprehensive procedure for decisionmaking is not provided in the literature. In most articles, Only a quantitative spect of the decision makingprocess, that is cost, is considered or some guidelines are provided about the strategic nature of the decisions.In this study, a model is provided to make decisions about the amount of outsouring of maintenancesystems in manufacturing companies.Maintenance of equipment is mainly one of the candidates of outsourcing in manufacturing companies.With respect to importance of the system, while making decisions to outsource them, all related advantagesand risks should be considered and their short and long term outcomes should be regarded.In this model, first, using cluster analysis technique, all maintenance activities will be divided to someclusters. Then, it will be decided which of the clusters should be outsourced. Decision – making stepsinclude; Core competence, suppliers' market analysis, Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), sensitivityanalysis and final decision – making. Therefore, determining the amount of outsourcing of maintenancesystem will be accomplished via determining its subsystems and decision – making about them. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - The evaluation of relationship between customer value and customer relationship management performance
        K. Heidarzadeh A. Zendehdel Ali Hossin Soltani
        Current studies (2004) show a potential challenge between customer management relationship(CRM) and customer value in achieving superior performance. In fact one of the main obstacles inassessing the performance of CRM is not knowing "factors which create superior custo More
        Current studies (2004) show a potential challenge between customer management relationship(CRM) and customer value in achieving superior performance. In fact one of the main obstacles inassessing the performance of CRM is not knowing "factors which create superior customer valueand process of offering this value to customers." The focus of this study is on "the effects ofdimensions of customer value on tangible and intangible functions of CRM on Modeiran Company(the exclusive representative of LG monitors.)"The information of statistical society, the buyers of the products of this company, on the first halfof the year 1384 was studied on the basis of available data. Moreover, using a questionnaire,customer information was gathered.The main variables include: performance value, social value, emotional value, perceivedsacrifices, loyalty to brand, customer satisfaction, and the performance of CRM. The type of presentstudy is correlational investigation with applied and sectional nature.According to the results, "perceived sacrifices" do not have a direct and negative (reversed)relationship with variables of the performance of CRM on the basis of customer behavior, customersatisfaction and customer loyalty. In other words, the increase of material and immaterial losses,due to buying LG monitors did not lead to decrease of loyalty or satisfaction, which is the result ofthe quality of the services and products. This study has revealed a direct and positive relationshipbetween emotional and social values with the performance of CRM on the basis of customerbehavior. This shows the popularity of LG monitors in Iran's market and customers' satisfaction ofthis product. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - A Model for Strategic Parenting in Iran Khodro
        P. Jafari P. Parsa
        The purpose of this study is to develop a model for strategic parenting in Iran Khodro. The followingobjects are considered:to recognize the specifications of strategic holding-parenting style in the world;A- to determine the existing situation of Iran Khodro Group from More
        The purpose of this study is to develop a model for strategic parenting in Iran Khodro. The followingobjects are considered:to recognize the specifications of strategic holding-parenting style in the world;A- to determine the existing situation of Iran Khodro Group from a holding–parenting style point ofview; and to present a suitable model for the Iran Khodro strategic parenting style.Most existing research employs a descriptive measurement. Library studying, semi-structured verbalinterviews, and two ascertained questionnaires were used for the present reserach. thirty literaturereview reveals three distinguished characteristics of the strategic holding-parenting style.Semi-structured interviews were done for 13 persons in order to understand the present situation ofIran Khodro Industrial Group and to compare it with the characteristics depicted in the literature. Theresults indicate that six characteristics are considered in Iran Khodro. A first questionnaire wasprepared to understand the conceptual framework of model and the proposed duties; as a result, 16duties were determined and approved by experts. A second questionnaire was prepared to ensure thesuitability of the proposed model; university professors' opinions were polled in the holding office. Toanalyze the data from the questionnaires, descriptive and deductive statistics such as figuresupposition, multi-variable statistical analyzing, abundance calculation, percentage, cause analyzing,and MPL were utilized. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Presentation of a Model for Educating Professionl Citizens in Higher Education System of Iran in the Third Millennium
        N.G. Ghurchian S.F. E ftekharzadeh
        The purpose of this study was to design a model for educating professional citizens in higher educationsystem particularly Islamic Azad University branches which is essential to meet the new challenges of thethird millennium in the age of postmodernism.The review of rel More
        The purpose of this study was to design a model for educating professional citizens in higher educationsystem particularly Islamic Azad University branches which is essential to meet the new challenges of thethird millennium in the age of postmodernism.The review of relevant research literature is indicative of supercomplexity and extensiveness of the range oftheoretical and practical frameworks of educating professional citizens in leading universities and highereducation institutions of the world. However, literature review in Iran shows lack of any model or theoreticaland research framework in this regard.To obviate this shortcoming, the researcher attempted to design an appropriate model, on the basis ofrevision of the relevant literature and theoretical foundations and some prevailing models such as educatingmultidimensional citizen, extending social context of educating citizen, human capital, intellectual capital,social capital, teaching- learning process of educating citizens and paying due attention to values, the sum ofwhich led to the development of an initial model. An attitude measurement scale (a questionnaire) composedof 22 elements was designed to evaluate the initial model. Reliability of the questionnaire was established bytest-retest method. It was calculated 85.46%. A panel of higher education expert (n=30) established thecontent validity. Minor changes/modifications were made based on evaluation of pilot study and suggestionsfrom the panel of experts. Final questionnaire (proposed model) was distributed among the randomlyselected target sample (n=480), composed of university chancellors, (n1=150) deans of faculties, heads ofdepartments (n2=150). Faculty members (N3=150) and higher education experts (n4=30).The collected data and the proposed model was then approved with a scale of 4.79 out of 5 through theapplication of statistical methods of pierson and Donkan coefficient of correlation and was analyzed by usingdescriptive and inferential statistics and Spss software, afterward.The major finding of this study was a model made up of six main components: philosophy, goals, theoreticalfoundations, conceptual framework, implementation procedures, evaluation and reengineering systems.By implementing the proposed model in higher education system, particularly in Islamic Azad Universitybranches , educating professional, knowledgable, responsible, and proficient citizens who will be able tomeet the challenges of knowledge-based society, knowledge economy, and knowledge management in thethird millennium would be actualized.To educate professional citizens, it is required to develop technological, economic, social, intellectual,management and leadership, spiritual, ethical & religious, environmental, global & international, individual,research , political, and cultural competencies through an integrated program in higher education systemparticularly in the Islamic Azad University. It is recommended that the proposed model be applied by the“Office of Human Resource development Studies” after being approved by the University`s SupremeCouncil of Planing, through considering teaching and learning (conceptual, affective, active, andinstituionalization) levels Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - Investigating the Relationship between Conflict Management Styles and the Staffs' Job Stress with the Aim of Applying the Appropriate Management Style in Future
        Ramezan Jahanian Azam Ishaghi
        This study is run with the aim of investigating the relationship between conflict managementstyles and staffs' job stress in order to apply the appropriate management style in future on thebasis of descriptive correlation method. The population includes all the staffs i More
        This study is run with the aim of investigating the relationship between conflict managementstyles and staffs' job stress in order to apply the appropriate management style in future on thebasis of descriptive correlation method. The population includes all the staffs in technical andvocational colleges in Alborz province in 2011 which comprise 130 participants and thesubjects are selected according to the simple random sampling on the basis of Morgan's table fordetermining the sample size. The data collection tools are two questionnaires; one is conflictresolution questionnaire which was presented by Weeks (1994) and Fisher and Ury (1991) andjob stress questionnaire which is designed by Osipow (1987). The obtained results indicatesthat there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the competitive, avoidance andcompromise conflict management styles and staffs' job stress. On the other hand, there is nosignificant relationship between sacrificing and cooperative conflict management style andstaffs' job stress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - The relationship between the organizational resilience and the competitiveness and sustainable competitive (The case study: Cement Company of Bojnord)
        Marzieh Ostadi Iraj Mahbobeh Soleimon Pouromran
        The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the organizational resilience and the competitiveness and sustainable competitive advantage in the Bojnord Cement Company. In terms of method, it is a correlation analysis. For data collection three questio More
        The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the organizational resilience and the competitiveness and sustainable competitive advantage in the Bojnord Cement Company. In terms of method, it is a correlation analysis. For data collection three questionnaires were used: "Organizational Resilience Standard Questionnaire derived from McManus’ Model(2008), a researcher-made questionnaire for investigation of Porter's Five Forces of Competition, and Sustainable Competitive Advantage Questionnaire Hill and Jones(2010), which contain 54, 20 and 16 questions, respectively. According to the collected data, the number of employees serving in Bojnord Cement Company is 600 people. Based on the Cochran formula the number of samples taken into account was 234. Therefore, to summarize data after data collection by statistical software Spss 21 and Lisrel 8.5, first of all the normality of the data was evaluated and the selected scale was confirmed. Results indicated that there is a relationship between the independent variable of organizational resilience and the competitiveness and sustainable competitive advantage; and between two dependent variables of competitiveness and sustainable competitive advantage, with a 0.095 percent certainty. These results confirm the overall resilience as well as the organizational competitiveness and competitive advantage is that a significant amount is calculated 0/94, That is a significant amount. The test statistic (t-value) is also obtained 10/47 that Suggesting the relationship is so significant relationship between resiliency and organizational competitiveness and competitive advantage there. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - Local Competition in Bayhaq: Political Roots (3-7 AH)
        مرتضی دانشیار
        In the early Islamic centuries, Bayhaq region was a dependent ofNīshāpūr. In the first Islamic century when the Khurasan- Iraq- roadreplaced by Nīshāpūr-Bayhaq- Ray- Iraq highway, Bayhaq gainedincreasing commercial and military importance. So that, her safeguardbecame a More
        In the early Islamic centuries, Bayhaq region was a dependent ofNīshāpūr. In the first Islamic century when the Khurasan- Iraq- roadreplaced by Nīshāpūr-Bayhaq- Ray- Iraq highway, Bayhaq gainedincreasing commercial and military importance. So that, her safeguardbecame a priority for governors of Khurasan. Since then Bayhaqexperienced both local uprisings and competitions as well. Presentstudy intends to examine causes of this instability. The findingssuggest that policy of governors of Khurasan in changing the seat ofthe Bayhaq region was a main cause of local competition and conflict. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        19 - Export of Iranian Carpets to the United States During the Qajar Period; Backgrounds and Challenges
        Fereshte Jahani
        10.30495/jhcin.2022.20104
          The integration of Iranian economy into the world economy in the Qajar period caused foreign trade, especially handicrafts such as carpets, to grow significantly. In such circumstances, the United States was considered as one of the most important target countri More
          The integration of Iranian economy into the world economy in the Qajar period caused foreign trade, especially handicrafts such as carpets, to grow significantly. In such circumstances, the United States was considered as one of the most important target countries for the export of Iranian carpets, but this export was accompanied by ups and downs. The present article, based on the press and unpublished documents, seeks to answer the question of what factors accelerated the trade of Iranian carpets in the US market and what were the challenges ahead? the findings of this study indicate that following the reflection of trade and commerce exhibitions in the Qajar period press and the efforts of Iranian diplomats in Washington, some backgrounds in the United States and some factors in Iran accelerated the process of exporting Iranian carpets. Although in some cases there were brief interruptions in carpet exports to the United States for some reason, these obstacles were removed through the efforts of diplomats.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        20 - Multi-lump solutions to the KPI equation with a zero degree of derivation
        Pierre Gaillard
        10.30495/jtap.162238
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        21 - Design and fabrication of highly hydrophobic Mn nano-sculptured thin films and evaluation of surface properties on hydrophobicity
        Somaye Hosseini Hadi Savaloni Mehran Gholipour-Shahraki
        10.1007/s40094-017-0243-2
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        22 - Investigation of the effects of pulse repetition frequency in a mixed electric field on a SDBD-like plasma jet
        Amir Abbas Heidari Pourya Seyfi Ahmad Khademi Hamid Ghomi
        10.30495/jtap.162208
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        23 - An Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm based on a new assimilation strategy
        Seyed Mojtaba Saif
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        24 - A Novel ICA-based Estimator for Software Cost Estimation
        Behrouz Sadeghi Vahid Khatibi Bardsiri Monireh Esfandiari Farzad Hosseinzadeh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        25 - Availability evaluation of Software architecture of object oriented Style using coloured Petri nets
        Abdolghader pourali
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        26 - Implementation of Random Forest Algorithm in Order to Use Big Data to Improve Real-Time Traffic Monitoring and Safety
        Negin Fatholahzade Gholamreza Akbarizadeh Morteza Romoozi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        27 - Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation in an Interactive Engineering Game
        Rani Deepika Balavendran Joseph Alok Pal Jeanne Tunks Gayatri Mehta
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        28 - A New RSTB Invariant Image Template Matching Based on Log-Spectrum and Modified ICA
        Mehran Yazdi Narjes Pourjafarian Mehrnaz Fani Elahe Taherianfard
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        29 - Strategic Pathology of Human Resource Management System Based on International Competency Policies in the National Company of Southern Oilfields
        yousef ravanpaikar afsaneh zamanimoghadam seead abdolla sajadijaghargh seeyad ahmad hashemi zeinolabedin amini sabegh
        10.30495/ijpa.2022.66762.10865
        Background and Aim: Manpower in any organization is considered as a capital based on four dimensions of physiological, intellectual, social and emotional; The purpose of this study is the pathology of human resource management system policy based on international and gl More
        Background and Aim: Manpower in any organization is considered as a capital based on four dimensions of physiological, intellectual, social and emotional; The purpose of this study is the pathology of human resource management system policy based on international and global competencies in the National Company of Southern Oilfields.                                        Method: which was done in two parts: qualitative-quantitative and descriptive-exploratory. The statistical sample of the study in the qualitative section as members of the Delphi panel of executives and university professors to 32 people who were selected in a non-random method and in the quantitative section of human resources deputy managers in the National Company of Southern Oilfields to 10 people. In the qualitative stage, the indicators and competency components of the human resource management system were designed by Delphi method. In the quantitative stage, data analysis was performed using three significance analysis techniques - performance, fuzzy dimtel and fuzzy network analysis process.                                                                                                                                         Findings: Based on the findings obtained in the qualitative section, the competencies of the human resource management system in six dimensions of the human resource supply system (7 indicators), human resource service compensation system (6 indicators), human resource performance management system (12 indicators) ), Human resources training and development system (10 indicators), human resources maintenance system (7 indicators) and human resources labor relations system (10 indicators) were designed.                                     Conclusion: Also, the results of the quantitative stage indicate that 25 sub-factors were identified as damages of human resource management systems in the National Company of Southern Oilfields.                                   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        30 - Designing ethic model with Consider to the tasks of public managers with Fuzzy Expert System Approach
        davoud haghkhah مرتضی موسی خانی غلام رضا معمار زاده
        context: normative ethics-oriented in recent years has been of interest to management scholars. In this paper we identify moral dimensions of public administration schools hybrid model for the use of behavior public managers is provided .Objective: To explain the identi More
        context: normative ethics-oriented in recent years has been of interest to management scholars. In this paper we identify moral dimensions of public administration schools hybrid model for the use of behavior public managers is provided .Objective: To explain the identification of the schools hybrid model ethics ethics in public organizations is in line with management tasks.Methods: This study has been conducted applied research and research combined. In order to determine the model of society of 10 academic experts and Successful organizational executive with cluster sampling of 130 top managers of Khorasan Razavi province were studied. Model interview questionnaire was used for preliminary recognition.Results: According to the findings of the study indicate that managers in public organizations according to four normative ethical dimension can their duties at a glance combined with a focus on task-oriented approach will be effective.Conclusion: This study shows that government managers Organizers of an optimum combination for use in organizations with a focus on virtue ethics in their organizations in Iran. In addition, by changing the composition of the ethical responsibilities of managers Managers are moral priorities change Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        31 - Application of fuzzy Delphi method in designing and explaining the model of achieving sustainable competitive advantage
        hosainalli rezaiymanash alli rezaeyan alireza amirkabiri
        10.30495/ijpa.2022.66454.10846
        Background: Sustainable competitive advantage is the ability of an organization to implement one of the most important ways in the long run that competitors can not easily face.  Objective: The purpose of this study is to design and explain a model for achieving a More
        Background: Sustainable competitive advantage is the ability of an organization to implement one of the most important ways in the long run that competitors can not easily face.  Objective: The purpose of this study is to design and explain a model for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage using the fuzzy Delphi method. Methods: The method of data collection has been extracted and refined through library studies and semi-structured interviews with experts and using fuzzy Delphi method. Findings: Based on the studies, the issue of creating a competitive advantage over competitors is one of the new challenges in the field of marketing. The importance of research is to empirically show the users of the results of this research that competitive advantage has a significant effect on the sustainability of organizations. Conclusion: The results showed that managers of different industries can use this model and consider other variables, using the documents in their organization, the impact of each of the criteria for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage on the criteria and indices, including brand value, brand market share and profitability and demand, etc  predict. . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        32 - Evaluate brand-based marketing based on competition strategy policies in the management of brand-owned state-owned companies
        soheil karimirad Leila andervazh
        10.30495/ijpa.2022.66749.10863
        Background: Given the competitive environment in the insurance industry, maintaining and developing market share is the result of competitive strategy policies. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing competition strategy policies is considered an important issue More
        Background: Given the competitive environment in the insurance industry, maintaining and developing market share is the result of competitive strategy policies. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing competition strategy policies is considered an important issue in strategic brand-based marketing decisions. According to the findings, brandorientation stimulates the development of organizational identity and organizational identity also plays an important role in implementing brand-oriented marketing and improving the strategy of competitive strategy policies. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brand-based marketing on competition strategy policies with emphasis on the role of organizational identity intervener in Iran Insurance Company. Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlational. The research population includes 400 employees of Iran Insurance Company. The sampling method used was simple random and the sample size was 196 based on Morgan table. It was analyzed in descriptive statistics by SPSS software. SMART-PALS software was used to test the developed hypotheses. Results: Findings obtained from path coefficients and significant coefficients showed that brand-based marketing have a significant and positive effect on competition strategy policies (β = 0.407, t = 4.821). Brand-based marketing has a positive and significant effect on organizational identity (β = 0.828, t = 28.171). It was also concluded that organizational identity has a significant and positive effect on competition strategy policies (β = 0.489, t = 5.817). Another result of the study showed that organizational identity can play a mediating role between the relationship between brand-based marketing and competitive strategy policies. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that paying attention to brand-oriented marketing equips Iran Insurance Company with capabilities and capabilities that can have many results and consequences for companies such as company growth, profitability, increasing market share and increasing competitiveness.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        33 - The Effect of Innovation Strategy on Performance according to Balanced Scorecard research on Esfahan Electricity Power Distribution Co.
        Hossein Sadri MohammadReza Dalvi
        Background: the complexity of competition environment and increase in customers’ expectations declares the necessity of  organizations’ performance measurement to be sure about its strategies. One of  the important  management tools for perfor More
        Background: the complexity of competition environment and increase in customers’ expectations declares the necessity of  organizations’ performance measurement to be sure about its strategies. One of  the important  management tools for performance measurement and  also strategy execution in companies is balanced scorecard that helps managers to control and refine their key activities. Objective: The goal of this research is evaluation of Innovation strategy effect and its guidelines on performance according to balanced scorecard quadruple dimensions in Esfahan Electricity Power Distribution Company as a main  electricity power distribution company in country. Methods: The nature of this research is descriptive and its method is survey. The research statistical population is 150 people of Esfahan Electricity Power Distribution Company’s managers, chairmen, and experts which were chosen by random sampling method and 100 people were chosen by Cochran's C test as a sample size. The data collection tool is survey which its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s Alpha. Multiple Regression Analysis and SPSS software are used for data analysis. Findings: Research results represents the definite effect of aggressive, defensive, futurity and proactiveness guidelines and also the relative effect of analytic and risky guidelines on performance of Esfahan Electricity Power Distribution Company. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        34 - The study of the relationship between employee's job and major and the rate of their efficiency working in oil company in the southern regions of Ahvaz
        Mahnaz i Ahaki Abdolaziz HedayatiDezfuli Abdolkazem Neisi
        It is strongly believed that there is a direct relationship between men's efficiency and the realization of their potentialities and practicalities. The present study aimed at investigating the correlation between employee's job and major and their efficiency in Oil Com More
        It is strongly believed that there is a direct relationship between men's efficiency and the realization of their potentialities and practicalities. The present study aimed at investigating the correlation between employee's job and major and their efficiency in Oil Company in the southern regions of Ahvaz. The present research descriptive and correlative one whose goal is applicable to business purposes. The research data were collected through questionaire, approved by experts. The correlation coefficient was determined. Alpha Koronbach was used to specify the research constancy. The obtained indices were over %7 for all parts of questionnaire. The tests conducted to the subjects through spss software were independent T-test, and variance analysis. 236 employees out of 1007 were randomly chosen based on Morgan table. Statistical findings of the present research show that there is a positive and significant correlation between the subject's efficiency and their job and course of study. In addition, the findings reveal that there is no significant relationship between subjects' efficiency and their level of education, job background, marital status and so on. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        35 - Relationship Empowering Employees with Organizational Development Credit Institution Kosar Province
        Reza Ghiasvand Reza taghvaei Fereydoun Salimi
            Filed: Enterprise, logical, systematic approach to expansion, and is planning to increase organizational effectiveness can be applied. This approach affected the psychological factor is that one of these factors empower employees and its dimensions. &nb More
            Filed: Enterprise, logical, systematic approach to expansion, and is planning to increase organizational effectiveness can be applied. This approach affected the psychological factor is that one of these factors empower employees and its dimensions.   Objective: the aim of the study was to investigate the impact of empowering employees on enterprise credit institution growing Hamadan Kosar. The present study was applied in terms of descriptive research of correlation type component method and a method of gathering data from the field research.   Methods: statistical research community includes all the employees of the credit institution to the number 70 people in Hamedan Kosar is that in 2016 it activities to the organization. Statistical samples being the statistical community due to the small number of 70 people census method. Employee empowerment measurement tools, inventory tools and Spritzer have 16 measurement of organizational expansion, 30 questionnaire questions Aspayders. Reliability Reliability coefficient was used for growing enterprise surveys and empowering employees on 30 of the sample studied, respectively 0.91 and 0.93, respectively. The analysis of statistical data, Kolmogrov-Smirnov, Pearson correlation, Regression and T single-instance under the statistical software SPSS 22 edits.   Findings: the findings of this research suggest that empower employees to about 65.2 % and the level of organizational expansion from the perspective of employees was approximately 57 % and between dimensions of empowering the staff feel deserve the highest average component and the component of feeling the freedom of action of the lowest average to. Average feedback component the most inner and outer dimensions of organizational expansion to between themselves and the lowest average corresponds to the component of education and empowerment.   Conclusions: the results obtained showed that the empowerment of employees on enterprise credit institution growing Hamedan. Kosar As well as all the dimensions of empowering employees, including a feeling of competence, the feeling of being a significant freedom of action, a feeling and a sense of being an effective cause of the promotion of organizational expansion. Also, after feeling the greatest impact on the growing competence of the enterprise. On the other hand the level of empowerment of employees is relatively high while the rate of credit expansion in the bottom of the Hamadan Province Institute of Kosar.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        36 - Presentation of a Fuzzy Model for Assessment of Corporate Social Responsibility
        Ahmad Abolhasaniranjbar Amirhassan Zarei Nima Eskandarinia Mehrdad Bozorginejad
        In this paper, a fuzzy model was designed for assessment of corporate social responsibility based on four principles of Denison including society, environment, ethic and Financial responsibility. The introduced model is comprised of five phases. At the first phase, a fu More
        In this paper, a fuzzy model was designed for assessment of corporate social responsibility based on four principles of Denison including society, environment, ethic and Financial responsibility. The introduced model is comprised of five phases. At the first phase, a fuzzy system was designed that its inputs included four factors of social responsibility and its output included score of corporate social responsibility. At the second phase, the inputs and outputs after Classification, were converted to fuzzy numbers and derivation rules were explained at third phase. At fourth phase, defuzzification was performed and at the fifth phase, the designed model was tested. result of model testing indicates that the presented model has a high validity. Ultimately, the social responsibility of research institute of petroleum industry of iran was calculated using the design model. Population of this study consisted of 531 staffs and academic board members of research institute. Questionnaire was used to collect the data. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed based on four principles of Denison and its validity and reliability was assessed and confirmed. The results show that social responsibility score of research institute with the membership grade 0.844 is highly.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        37 - Investigating effect of social responsibility, credit and competitive advantage on financial performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
        Seyed fakhreddin Fakhrhosseini
        Recognition of the direct relationship between CSR and firm performance has garnered much interest among authors recently. The findings are rather inconclusive and misleading. This is because, while a positive association between CSR and firm performance has been a domi More
        Recognition of the direct relationship between CSR and firm performance has garnered much interest among authors recently. The findings are rather inconclusive and misleading. This is because, while a positive association between CSR and firm performance has been a dominant theme in many articles, universally, others suggested a negative or no correlation. Finally, it can be concluded that the relationship between CSR and firm performance is more complicated than the results of many previous studies indicate.The present article aims to determine the relationship between social responsibility, credibility and competitive advantage over business performance. In this study,has been studied a sample of 109 companies from 19 industries . The period studied was 1394 to 1399, which used multiple regression test. The results show that corporate social responsibility and credibility have a negative impact and competitive advantage has a positive impact on equity returns. Competitive advantage has also had a positive effect on return on assets of companies listed on the stock exchange. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        38 - The role of political-cultural factors as undesirable risk reducing factors in the petrochemical industry
        jehad barzigar
        introduction: This study was conducted to determine the political-economic factors that play a risk-reducing role in petrochemical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange with a financial and marketing approach.Methodology: In quantitative assessment of political- More
        introduction: This study was conducted to determine the political-economic factors that play a risk-reducing role in petrochemical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange with a financial and marketing approach.Methodology: In quantitative assessment of political-cultural factors, arbitrage pricing model and adverse risk in the petrochemical industry and a questionnaire and analysis of answers with beta coefficient of MATLAB and Excel software were used. In qualitative assessment (ranking) of political-cultural factors with marketing-financial approach and 3 samples of questionnaires were used and these questionnaires were analyzed through Friedman ranking test in SPSS software.Findings: Quantitative findings indicate that the return on stocks of the portfolio of petrochemical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange shows an unfavorable stock risk, which qualitative findings indicate that political factors such as government support for foreign investment and Joint ventures are the most important factor in reducing this unfavorable risk in the petrochemical industry. Also, increasing the export of petrochemical products has been identified as another important factor in reducing risk in the petrochemical industry.Conclusion: The highest risk that threatens the return of shares in the portfolio of petrochemical companies is due to political and cultural factors, laws and regulations, technology, etc. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        39 - Business wargaming (typology, elements and process)
        samira shahmansouri
        Background: Studying and analyzing business aspects has a positive effect on the organization's capabilities in the field of dynamic competition. In this regard, this study tries to identify the need for the application of business wargaming in the dynamic decision-maki More
        Background: Studying and analyzing business aspects has a positive effect on the organization's capabilities in the field of dynamic competition. In this regard, this study tries to identify the need for the application of business wargaming in the dynamic decision-making process for the organization by trying to typologically approach the wargaming in the management literature and determine the position and goals related to each dimension. The business wargaming is an intellectually free and safe environment against failure that contributes to the factors influencing the success or failure of competition in a dynamic environment, and is a participatory and creative challenging process that is often judged or judged. To take. This leads to dynamic events in the decisions of its implementers following the analysis of the competitive situation and is used to provide a decision-making experience for managers. Method: Considering that the application of this approach in the field of management is at an early stage and in this field no study has been done in the country, we try to study the study abroad and review the related literature.Objective: To introduce and study the typology of wargaming, identify elements, processes and stages, applications and techniques, principles and instructions, maps and responsibilities, and to introduce this interdisciplinary approach.Conclusion: Mentioning the advantages and limitations of the business wargaming approach and presenting the goals related to each field of wargaming related to the field of management is the end of this research. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        40 - Pathology of the press industry of the country with the aim of providing an evolutionary model
        Asghar Nemati bahram alishiri taher Roshandel Arbatani Naser Azad
        has it. The research project has been based on the use of the Porter Model Five Competitive Forces and by obtaining the votes of experts in the press industry, a pathologic assessment of the current state of the industry in the country, followed by a desirable and indig More
        has it. The research project has been based on the use of the Porter Model Five Competitive Forces and by obtaining the votes of experts in the press industry, a pathologic assessment of the current state of the industry in the country, followed by a desirable and indigenous pattern for the development of this industry. To deal with environmental changes. In this research, a qualitative method strategy for responding to research propositions will be used. In the Pathology section of the press industry, using the Delphi method, the opinions of experts in the field are gathered and summed up and used in the formulation and presentation of the desired model of industry transformation using the data theory approach of the foundation. The statistical population of this study is all experts and experts in media management, especially the press industry. The information in this research is gathered through library, deep interview and structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software. The results in the Department of Pathology of the Industry show that economic problems are the main industrial damage that the press is suffering from, and factors such as cyberspace competitors, political constraints and weaknesses in the human resource education system. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        41 - Design, media management competency model
        Ziba Amirkhani Ali Akbar Farhangi Afsaneh Mozaffari
        The researcher attempts to provide media manager competency model and use competency models, plans of key competencies by using Media Manager to identify competency model. To determine the suitability of managers media from referring to the expert's approach has been us More
        The researcher attempts to provide media manager competency model and use competency models, plans of key competencies by using Media Manager to identify competency model. To determine the suitability of managers media from referring to the expert's approach has been used. Fits with the approach, grounded theory approach is used in this article. Researcher using a qualitative methodology that is grounded, no default, and the model provides field data. The three-stage analysis of interview data encryption Strauss and Kerbyne used, including open coding, axial and selective. After a final coded data and theoretical refinement semi-structured interviews with the director of media and the academia in the field of media management and communications that have been collected through snowball sampling and reach a consensus model is offered Which contains three categories of mental competence, merit media recognition, knowledge and management competencies that each of these sub-categories that merit has gathered around this core competencies.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        42 - Exloring The Role of Sociopetality of Educational Environments of Architecture on Students' Learning: a structural Equation Modeling Analysis
        Elham Jafari Hamzeh Gholamalizadeh Mahmood Modiri
        The role of the architectural learning environment as an effective model in the talents of the Architectural students and educating them as future professional architects is important. The nature of architecture education is such that architectural students spend long h More
        The role of the architectural learning environment as an effective model in the talents of the Architectural students and educating them as future professional architects is important. The nature of architecture education is such that architectural students spend long hours with each other on classroom activities, so social interactions can be considered as one of the effective factors in improving their learning. Sociability is a qualitative feature of the environment that can increase the possibility of social interactions in the activity spaces. Therefore, in this study, by assuming the effective role of sociability in the physical environment of architectural education on students' learning, factors affecting sociability in the educational environment of architecture were examined. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the research hypothesis was tested and its results showed a significant relationship between the socialization of the architectural education environment on student learning. It is thought that the learning of architecture students in their educational environment, irrespective of other factors, is related to the socialization of the existing physical education settings. Therefore, in order to test the effectiveness of socialization on students' learning, we have determined the effective factors in creating and enhancing socialization. In architectural learning environments, enabling students to interact and communicate will share their experiences with one another and increase students' information exchange and awareness. What can be seen as a variable factor in the physical environment is the creation or enhancement of effective socialization and, in turn, the effective learning of architecture students. For this purpose, these factors were obtained by means of a descriptive-analytic research method after identifying the variables and collecting the views of previous researchers. Then, they were evaluated using the Delphi-Fuzzy method and with the help of expert opinion (architectural professors). The results of this phase divided the factors affecting socialization into six factors (physical, architectural, aesthetic meanings, sense of security, semantic-perceptual, functional-activity) and 22 sub-factors. In the second stage, the research hypothesis was tested. The research method used at this stage was a confirmatory factor analysis method that evaluated the views of the architectural students in the colleges of Guilan. The results of the research, while confirming the results of the previous stage, showed a significant relationship between the sociability of the architectural learning environment on the architectural students' learning. Therefore, it can be concluded that sociability as one of the environmental factors affecting learning can be considered as a strategy when designing the educational environment of architecture. The research method is also explanatory in terms of the type of results. The results of the study, while confirming the results of the previous step, showed a significant relationship between the socialization of the architecture education environment and the learning of architecture students. Therefore, it can be concluded that socialization as one of the environmental factors affecting learning can be considered as a solution when designing an architectural education environment. Socialization is one of the environmental factors affecting learning that can be considered as a solution when designing an architectural education environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        43 - The Study of Public Perception about Intellectual Current Categories of Temporary Architecture
        sajad damyar Zeinab Damyar
        In this paper, with a different perspective, the understanding of people (common people and architectural specialists) of "Contemporary Iranian Architecture" term was analyzed. For this purpose, at first definitions and characteristics that have been described by theore More
        In this paper, with a different perspective, the understanding of people (common people and architectural specialists) of "Contemporary Iranian Architecture" term was analyzed. For this purpose, at first definitions and characteristics that have been described by theoreticians of Iranian contemporary architecture for Iranian architecture were overviewed and an intern structural classification of those definitions was provided based on logical reasoning research method using fundamental components of definitions to specify the position of this study. Later, focusing on four intellectual movements classified by Habibi (2006) in "Description of Intellectual Movements of Architecture and Urban engineering in Contemporary Iran" Book: (fundamentalism, traditionalism, modernism-vernacularism and mannerism), the peoples' understanding of these distinguishes and its general validity were assessed. For this purpose, two specified semantic components of each one of these classifications were extracted and mixed with each other (total eight components). Thereafter, two images of architecture related to each category were selected. These images were offered in a survey study to two groups of audiences for assessment including common audiences and professional architects, based on quantitative method and semantic differentiation technique, using eight semantic components. To use the components in semantic differentiation table, agreed and opponent item of each one of components was provided in a table. This study was applied with the objective of specifying if selections of audiences are close to the main classifications or not, secondly specifying the significance of disagreement of two audience groups (professional architect and common audience) statistically and specifying the closeness of ideas of each one of classes to the characteristics claimed in the main theory of this classification. Nowadays, it is discussed on Iranian architecture or Islamic architecture and there are very agreements and disagreements in this relation. Basically, Iranian architecture is attributed to historical architecture; whether if Iranian architecture is supposed excluded to those models or something arising from principles and structures stipulated herein. Its history also may be assumed different. For instance, the architecture related to a period that Iran was very powerful in governing and conquest and what remained from this era as monuments are supposed as monuments remained as Iranian symbols and models and use of those symbols whether symbolically or functionally is assumed as Iranian architecture. Another group assume the Iranian architecture containing principles which have been applied as basis for definition of Iranian architecture and these principles may be represented referring to the history and instances of Iranian traditional architecture. In all of them, the instance of Iranian architecture and what is assumed as Iranian-being is relied on the opinion of specialists, but it is not very obvious that if common people can understand the Iranian nature of architecture with these instances and principles. Thus, in this paper, the subject of Iranian architecture definitions is analyzed with a different viewpoint and as perspective of audiences except specialists which are presented in two theoretical (analysis of Iranian architecture and revision of Iranian architecture definitions) and practical parts (field survey, analyzing that concept practically and comparison of common and professional architects' opinions). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        44 - Urban Carpet, the Introduction of Folding Urbanism
        Siamak Panahi Seyyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Amraey Arsalan Karimi Khiavi
          This study has concentrated on the role of folding on urbanism and introduced the "urban carpet" as the introduction of folding urbanism. Folding philosophy is derived from Deleuze theories in rhizome and anti-oedipus based on Leibniz’s mathematics. This th More
          This study has concentrated on the role of folding on urbanism and introduced the "urban carpet" as the introduction of folding urbanism. Folding philosophy is derived from Deleuze theories in rhizome and anti-oedipus based on Leibniz’s mathematics. This theory appeared in architecture by Eisenman and later, in the macro-scale and urban design was introduced by Hadid. Today, she presents her manifesto of  folding genesis as "urban carpet" that already has determined in landscape design by James Wines. Hadid based on "unity in diversity" philosophy with the complexity of folding mathematics tries to design a city with post-modern feminist literature, so that provide the anti-oedipus city with its own harmonies.   This study has made an effort to indicate how architects criticize and use the folding stream in urbanism as they call it "urban carpet" and for this purpose spontaneously, we analyzed some famous works which their base concept was about folding movement.   The conclusion of the study is that the "urban carpet" can be the introduction and some referent of folding urbanism and although, has been successful in creation of  harmony in the macro-scale and bird view, but in the human-scale architecture and discourse of the event architecture is not successful.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        45 - A General Theory for Cities of the 21st Century (Peter Hall) and Adaptability to the Conditions of Iran
        Zohreh Davoudpour Daryoush Ardalan
        In recent decades, there are some new approaches to city and urban problems. Now these days, urban planners review the mutations of different cities. They want to achieve the realistic patterns by recognizing their evolution. Certainly, different factors (The contributi More
        In recent decades, there are some new approaches to city and urban problems. Now these days, urban planners review the mutations of different cities. They want to achieve the realistic patterns by recognizing their evolution. Certainly, different factors (The contributing forces such as globalization, technological development, the informational economy, new industries, transportation and communication, environmental politics, competition among places, etc.) influence all the cities. Their evolutions are not similar together. This subject shows, offering the realistic recommendation is complex. Peter Hall studied many cities in the world near the end of 20th century, until recognizes and compares them, to achieve the suitable pattern. He said, a set of forces – economic, technological, social–are operating together, to influence profoundly the global system of cities. These changes express themselves both in the relationship of individual cities to each other and to the system of which they form a part; and also in the internal structure of these cities. First, He seeks to summary the nature and effect of the forces; and then to speculate on the resulting changes to the urban system. To understand how these changes impinge on the urban system, he needs a different taxonomy from the one we have inherited from Christaller and Losch. He can distinguish at least two significant levels of a global hierarchy, though with considerable doubt as to where many cities belong, as well as a number of other categories that has significant relations to these two. Global cities: These are cities that transact a substantial pan: of their business at a global scale, both with other global cities and with lower-order cities. This global business consists mainly in performance of specialized services. such as financial services, media services, educational and health services, and tourism (including business tourism).They are invariably seats of central banks, major clusters of clearing banks (including substantial representation of overseas banks),stock exchanges, insurance companies, headquarters of major corporations (including transnational),television stations, newspapers and magazines, publishers, major universities and hospitals, and leading international airports. However, following the Christaller scheme, they also perform lower-order functions for more restricted areas. The most important of these is the national level; London, Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam and Milan are a global city. National and regional cities : At the next level of the hierarchy it is therefore necessary to consider a complex phenomenon, since the European national capital cities immediately below the global level (Bonn, Amsterdam, Madrid, Rome, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Oslo, Vienna) can only be compared with major regional cities in the US and Japan. In particular, nations with a federal structure or a history of late union, or both (Spain, Italy, Germany, the US, Mexico, Brazil) tend to have a small number of very important provincial cities which not only challenge their national capitals, splitting functions with them and effectively serving as regional capitals for wide areas. Three kinds of activities showed themselves particularly prone to relocation. This research, primarily debates upon Peter Hall's theory, then compares middle and large cities in Iran with its results.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        46 - An Investigation and Analysis of Context and Requirements of New Regionalism with Respect to Increasing Competitiveness and Creativity in Iran (Case Study: Qeshm Island)
        Mozaffar Sarrafi Mohammad Hosein Sharifzadegan Naser Nejati
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        47 - The Impact of Architectural Competitions on the Improvement of the Post-Revolution Architecture in Iran
        Reza FarmahiniFarahani Iraj Etesam Seyed Rahman Eghbali
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        48 - The Opacity of Glass Rethinking Transparency in Contemporary Architecture
        Seyed Yahya Islami
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        49 - The study of Cypress appearance in the Persian art and architecture in the light of Gestalt theory
        Fatemeh Khozaei Mina Safizadeh Ahmad Hassan Qamar Islam
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        50 - The Role of Urban Design on the Branding of Urban Space
        Hadi Sarvari Hamid Majedi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        51 - Analysis of factors affecting the improvement of the competitive power of sports production companies
        amirreza shirvani Hassan Fahim Devin Hossein Peymanizad Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh Ghandehari
        10.30495/jism.2024.76334.1123
        Competitiveness is one of the key success indicators of manufacturing companies. The purpose of the current research was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the improvement of the competitive power of sports product manufacturing companies. The current researc More
        Competitiveness is one of the key success indicators of manufacturing companies. The purpose of the current research was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the improvement of the competitive power of sports product manufacturing companies. The current research was applied research in terms of purpose, mixed type in terms of data search, and exploratory in terms of data analysis method. The statistical population of the research was professors of sports management, owners of companies producing sports products, experts in the field of export and import of sports products, specialists in the field of sports marketing and managers of companies producing sports products. First, the identification of internal and external strategic indicators effective on improving the competitive power of the country's sports product manufacturing companies was done using the data theory of the foundation and Glazer's approach, and in the next step, the factors were prioritized using the Dimtel-Fuzzy method. The sampling method was purposeful in both qualitative and quantitative sections. The findings of the research showed that the effective factors on improving the competitive power of sports production companies were placed in two categories of internal and external indicators. Also, the findings of the Dmitel Fazi test showed that, in order of priority, 5 concepts of legal and protective factors, structure and management, market control, supply and design, and commercial and international issues as effective factors and 4 concepts of customer and consumer factors, marketing, Product improvement and service improvement were classified as effective factors Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        52 - Identifying the causal and contextual factors affecting the success of the Iranian military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions
        Abdolreza Arianfard Reza Saboonchi Mohammad Nikravan
        10.30495/jism.2023.23192
        Objective: The aim of this article is to identify and analyze the causal and contextual factors affecting the success of the Iranian military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions. This issue can lead to the improvement of the sports performance of this caravan. More
        Objective: The aim of this article is to identify and analyze the causal and contextual factors affecting the success of the Iranian military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions. This issue can lead to the improvement of the sports performance of this caravan. The present research method is a combination of qualitative-quantitative type, which in the qualitative stage, using grounded theory, the factors affecting the success of CISM are identified and in the quantitative stage, these factors are confirmed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of this research includes all experts in military champion sports or CISM, which includes managers, executives, professors and experts, officers and CISM athletes. The information was collected by in-depth interview method and using qualitative data analysis method and Strauss and Corbin paradigm model, the relationships between different categories were examined. The results showed that the success of the Iranian military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions is dependent on optimal governance and operational strategies, which are influenced by causal, contextual and intervening conditions. Also, the use of appropriate strategies leads to the development of human capital and social-economic capital. Conclusion: This article, using a combined qualitative-quantitative approach, has identified and analyzed the causal and contextual factors affecting the success of the Iranian military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions. This article can be used as a theoretical model for planning and implementing military sports activities in international competitions. Also, this article can be used as a basis for conducting future research in this field. It is suggested that in future research, the factors affecting the success of the military sports caravan in the CISM 2023 competitions be examined using other quantitative methods such as regression analysis or path analysis. It is also suggested that the views of other sports experts such as sports psychologists, sports coaches, sports referees, etc. be used in this topic. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        53 - Introducing a new inefficiency source due to inappropriate price selection in a Non-Competitive Environment in Data Envelopment Analysis (a case study in the Imam Khomeini Oil Refinery Company of Shazand in Iran)
        Elham Rezaei hezaveh Reza Fallahnejad Masoud Sanei Mohammad Izadikhah
        Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an appropriate tool for estimating various types of efficiency including Cost Efficiency (CE). Identifying and identifying inefficiency resources plays an important role in analyzing unit performance in order to plan for improving the More
        Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an appropriate tool for estimating various types of efficiency including Cost Efficiency (CE). Identifying and identifying inefficiency resources plays an important role in analyzing unit performance in order to plan for improving the status of Decision Making Units (DMUs). Now , if information on the inputs and outputs and pricing information of the evaluated units is available, we can calculate the lack of profit and revenue and cost optimization with respect to their inefficiencies. In this paper, we intend to determine the production possibility set (PPS) a new price and a new cost, based on which a new inefficient source and a new source selection of price vectors in a non competitive environment (that is , in the event of a possible change of loss due to the incorrect in Input prices And outputs from the Decision Making Unit to other Decision Making Units (DMUs)). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        54 - Designing a robust integrated supply chain model for blood products in times of crisis and uncertainty using NSGA II and MOPSO algorithms
        meysam karamipour Mohammad Ali Afshar Kazemi Ezzatollah AsghariZadeh Adel Azar
        The field of blood supply chain has become one of the most important fields of research due to its significant importance in saving human lives. After an earthquake, a large number of injured people suffer from severe bleeding and burns that require blood transfusions a More
        The field of blood supply chain has become one of the most important fields of research due to its significant importance in saving human lives. After an earthquake, a large number of injured people suffer from severe bleeding and burns that require blood transfusions as soon as possible; Therefore, proper management of the blood supply to the injured is important, and the slightest negligence will endanger human lives. In such a situation, providing assistance to the injured and those in need of blood is very important and the loss of life and losses due to anemia should be greatly reduced by responding to the demand in a timely manner. In the present paper, a two-objective mathematical model under crisis and uncertainty is presented. Due to the high level of uncertainty in the blood supply chain in critical situations and due to the nature of uncertain parameters, a robust planning approach has been used. Also, due to the NP-hard nature of the problem, NSGA II and MOPSO algorithms have been used. To evaluate the results of the model, a real case study in Tehran has been used and sensitivity analysis has been performed on important parameters of the model. Finally, the computational results indicate that the quality of the output solutions of the NSGA II algorithm is better than the MOPSO algorithm and solves the problems in less time; Therefore, the results indicate the stability of the answers of the studied algorithm. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        55 - Silver coloring of generalized Petersen graphs
        Nazli Besharati
        In a graph G=(V,E), an independent set I(G) is a subset of the vertices of G such that no two vertices in I(G) are adjacent. Any maximum independent set of a graph is called a diagonal of the graph. Let c be a proper (r+1)-coloring of an r-regular graph G. A vertex v in More
        In a graph G=(V,E), an independent set I(G) is a subset of the vertices of G such that no two vertices in I(G) are adjacent. Any maximum independent set of a graph is called a diagonal of the graph. Let c be a proper (r+1)-coloring of an r-regular graph G. A vertex v in G is said to be rainbow with respect to c if every color appears in the closed neighborhood N[v]=N(v)∪{v}. Given a diagonal I of G, the coloring c is said to be silver with respect to I if every v∈I is rainbow with respect to c. G is called silver if it admits a silver coloring with respect to some diagonal. In [1], the authors introduced silver coloring and the following question is raised “Find classes of r-regular graphs G, that G is a silver graph". This paper is aimed toward study this question for the generalized Petersen graphs. In this paper we show that, if n≡0 (mod4) and k is odd, then P(n,k) is a totally silver graph. Also, for every natural number n, the existence of silver coloring for generalized Petersen graphs P(n,1), P(n,2) except for n=5, this is well-known petersen graph, P(n,3) except for n=10,14 and 26. Also, for any k>2,P(2k+1,k), and for any k>3,P(3k+1,k), and for any k>3, k ≠5,9 P(3k-1,k) are silver graphs. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        56 - Optimal design for competitive service facilities under certainty using an improved differential evaluation algorithm
        mohammad fallah Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Ali Pahlavani alireza salamatbakhsh
        This paper presents a simultaneous optimization model of location and server allocation for a company that enters into a competitive market. The goal is company's profit maximization. Customers are likely to select the facility based on price, travel time and queue time More
        This paper presents a simultaneous optimization model of location and server allocation for a company that enters into a competitive market. The goal is company's profit maximization. Customers are likely to select the facility based on price, travel time and queue time. Furthermore, as a contribution to the literature, it is assumed that customer awareness of the levels of waiting times in the facilities will increase in stages and over the successive uses of the facilities network. Demand is defined elastic and as a function of the customer's desirability of network’s design and the cost of delivering service at a facility is defined as a function of its demand attraction. An improved differential evolution algorithm has been developed to solve the model and sample problems to demonstrate its efficiency have been solved. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        57 - Determining the Optimal Ratio of Education Based on Work Mathematics and Understanding Mathematics Using Data Envelopment Analysis
        Esmaeil Yousefi Mohammad Maghasedi mohsen rostami malkhalifeh Mohammad Hassan Behzadi
        10.30495/jnrm.2021.18473
        In the present article, after examining the concept of learning, we discussed education through work mathematics and understanding mathematics. First, 4 learning stages are introduced in the form of 2 pulses. Next, these stages are applied for 2 teaching methods of work More
        In the present article, after examining the concept of learning, we discussed education through work mathematics and understanding mathematics. First, 4 learning stages are introduced in the form of 2 pulses. Next, these stages are applied for 2 teaching methods of work mathematics and understanding mathematics. We employed these 2 methods in different classes of Islamic Azad University of Iran. Then, the data acquired were analyzed using data envelopment analysis. The inputs are work mathematics and understanding mathematics and the outputs are learning in the first and the second pulses. Finally, we achieved an optimal ratio of employing both methods in a course And we find the internal polynomial. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        58 - An Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and a Mixed Integer Programming Formulation for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
        M. Yousefikhoshbakht
        The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a famous problem of operation research, holds a central place in combinatorial optimization problems. In this problem, a fleet vehicles with Q capacity start to move from depot and return after servicing to customers in which visit onl More
        The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a famous problem of operation research, holds a central place in combinatorial optimization problems. In this problem, a fleet vehicles with Q capacity start to move from depot and return after servicing to customers in which visit only ones each customer and load more than its capacity not at all. The objective is to minimize the number of used vehicles and total distance traversed. This paper presents an application of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA)) in VRP. Unlike other evolutionary optimization algorithms, ICA is inspired from a socio political process, the competition among imperialists and colonies. Comparison between this method and famous meta-heuristic algorithms shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Computational experience with two groups of instances involving from 50 to 200 confirms that proposed algorithm is competitive in compared to the famous meta-heuristic algorithms in terms of the quality of generated solutions. In addition, this algorithm finds closely the best known solutions (BKS) for most of the instances. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        59 - An Effective Algorithm in order to solve the Capacitated Clustering Problem
        N. Mahmoodi Darani P. Bassiri M. Yousefikhoshbakht
        The capacitated clustering problem (CCP) is a data mining technique utilized to categorize a number of objects with known demands into k distinct clusters such that the capacity of each cluster is not violated, every object is allocated to exactly one cluster and sum of More
        The capacitated clustering problem (CCP) is a data mining technique utilized to categorize a number of objects with known demands into k distinct clusters such that the capacity of each cluster is not violated, every object is allocated to exactly one cluster and sum of distances from all cluster centers to all other nodes is minimized. The CCP is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. Therefore, practical large-scale instances of this problem cannot be solved by exact solution methodologies within acceptable computational time. Our interest was therefore focused on meta-heuristic solution approaches. For this reason, a modified imperialist competitive algorithm (MICA) is proposed for the CCP In this paper. The proposed MICA iterates steps between three basic phases, i.e., the random assignment phase to form clusters, the seed relocation phase to find a better median, and the local improvement phase to make a revision of the solution. The proposed algorithm is tested on several standard instances available from the literature. The computational results confirm the effectiveness of the presented algorithm and show that the proposed algorithm is competitive with other meta-heuristic algorithms for solving the CCP. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        60 - A Succinct Review of Judicial Settlement of the International Disputes
        Hossein Sorayaii Azar
        The path of the development of the International Law, during the last centuries, seen from the actual modern era of the legal theories point of view, is associated with the peaceful settlement of disputes between independent States . The "raison d'etre" of the first an More
        The path of the development of the International Law, during the last centuries, seen from the actual modern era of the legal theories point of view, is associated with the peaceful settlement of disputes between independent States . The "raison d'etre" of the first and second Hague Conferences (1899 and 1907) was the dispute settlement discussions, and the Permanent Court of Arbitration is the fruit of these conferences . The Permanent Court of International Justice (1920)was the cornerstone of the judicial development of the International Law in the League of Nations system.Whilest the International Court of Justice(1945) was  heraldic  of modern era of  legal theories in International Law ,in which the different mechanism of judicial settlement of disputes have been developed . Actually the judicial settlement of disputes between States is considered as the hub of world legal order and inter- States relations of different nature (e.g. commercial ,regional, environmental etc.)   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        61 - The Effects of Product Market Competition on Agency Costs
        امید پورحیدری امیر سروستانی رحمت اله هوشمند
        In this paper , the effect of Product Market Competition on Agency Cost isinvestigated. In this regard, the effect of size is controlled. For measuring the ProductMarket Competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of sales and entry barriers is used.For measuring agency More
        In this paper , the effect of Product Market Competition on Agency Cost isinvestigated. In this regard, the effect of size is controlled. For measuring the ProductMarket Competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of sales and entry barriers is used.For measuring agency cost ,two criterion is used. The first criterion is the interaction ofthe firm’s growth prospects and its free cash flows. We used Tobin’s Q as a proxy for thefirm’s growth prospects. The other criterion is the assets turnover ratio.To test thehypotheses and data,multiple linear regression was used. findings of investigating 62firms in the 2003 to 2011 show that as the firm competition power increases and on theother hand the degree of the product market competition decreases, the agency cost wouldsignificantly increase. Moreover, the strength of the research results using annual datawere also exmined. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        62 - The Analysis of banking regulation on competition in Iranian Banking Industry R
        رضا طالبلو حمید بهمن پور
        This paper analyzes the effect of banking regulation on competition on in Iran’sbanking system, using unbalanced panel data models for 17 banks functioning in Iran'seconomy, spanning 1996-2009.In this paper we used lerner index as a proxy for competition. For this More
        This paper analyzes the effect of banking regulation on competition on in Iran’sbanking system, using unbalanced panel data models for 17 banks functioning in Iran'seconomy, spanning 1996-2009.In this paper we used lerner index as a proxy for competition. For this purpose,first translog cost function of each bank were estimated and then marginal costs wereestimated. For regulation proxy, using beck et al (2008) method, we use Capitalrequirment , information disclosure of banking and some other proxy. Results showthat Capital requirment increase banking competition. information disclosure ofbanking that is proxy of monitoring,and other regulations do not any sighnificanteffect on banking competition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        63 - Identification of Capital Structure Adjustment Speed Using a Dynamic Model of Optimal Capital Structure; Emphasis on Product Market Competition Factor
        Amirmohsein Gorji Reza Raei
        Over 50 years of researching into capital structure provides different and sometimes conflicting theories in corporate finance. Among these theories, the trade-off theory with a long background; has been considered in many studies and still is being considered. One of t More
        Over 50 years of researching into capital structure provides different and sometimes conflicting theories in corporate finance. Among these theories, the trade-off theory with a long background; has been considered in many studies and still is being considered. One of the latest approaches of this theory is dynamic trade-off theory. Regarding to this approach, we have tried to identify the capital structure adjustment speed among the companies of Tehran stock exchange (TSE) in this thesis. Hence we employed a partial dynamic adjustment model with panel data and tried to estimate this speed with advanced econometric methods such as generalized method of moments. Our sample consists of 225 firms for 20 years (1992-2012). The results reveal that Iranian firms adjust quickly toward their target leverages (around 48% per year, according to instrumental variable method and 26% per year, according to generalized method of moments). These rapid adjustment speeds confirm the explanatory power of trade-off theory among Iranian firms in the analyzed period. The other purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between product market competition (measured by Tobin’s Q) and the capital structure of Iranian firms. The results of generalized method of moments estimation, detect a positive relationship between the intensity of competition and leverage ratio, which supports the limited liability models. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        64 - Financial Performance Comparison among Region Managements of Bank and Split the country from provincial effects, and their competitiveness using Constant Market Share
        Alireza Erfani Hamidreza Kordlouei M. Mahdi Kakavand Esmaeil Shamsian
        In this study a model based on Constant Market Share (CMS) is presented in order to be applied by bank top mangers due to obtaining a proper method to appraise region managers performance. The mentioned method make the macro elements of variation in deposits and facilit More
        In this study a model based on Constant Market Share (CMS) is presented in order to be applied by bank top mangers due to obtaining a proper method to appraise region managers performance. The mentioned method make the macro elements of variation in deposits and facilities into their phenomenon which causes them. A holistic view is that considering three major factors vary the amount of deposits and facilities which are: 1. Effects caused by financial and monetary policies that bank cannot have and sort of influence on them, 2: those provincial effects mainly are traits of an specific area, bank is not able to make intangible change on them, 3: making competitive advantages, it indicate the extant of region manager’s effort. This research is going to separate the three aforesaid effects then apply the method in an Iranian private bank. Results show that region managers have not has better performance comparing other competitors Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        65 - Using intelligent methods in Solving Constrained Portfolio in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Esmat Jamshidi Eyni Hamid Khaloozadeh
        The optimal portfolio selection problem to find an optimal way to allocate a fixed amount of capital to a set of available asset swhich aims to maximize expected returns and minimize risk at the same time, to take place. In this Study is shown that an investor with n ri More
        The optimal portfolio selection problem to find an optimal way to allocate a fixed amount of capital to a set of available asset swhich aims to maximize expected returns and minimize risk at the same time, to take place. In this Study is shown that an investor with n risky share, how to reach certain profits with minimal risk. Such a portfolio, efficient portfolio is called. For this purpose, the study of evolutionary algorithms, Genetic Algorithm, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, also with regard to the basic constraints on the investment, we use these practical methods to solve the portfolio optimization problem. Practical results for the portfolio optimization problem in the Tehran Stock Exchange, of the30 company' sactivein the industry with the selection of20companies along with their validation, is obtained. Aims to help investors better and more practical to select different stocks and thus is an effective investment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        66 - Using intelligent methods in Solving Constrained Portfolio in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Esmat Jamshdi Eyni Hamid Khaloozadeh
        The optimal portfolio selection problem to find an optimal way to allocate a fixed amount of capital to a set of available assets which aims to maximize expected returns and minimize risk at the same time, to take place. In this Study is shown that an investor with n ri More
        The optimal portfolio selection problem to find an optimal way to allocate a fixed amount of capital to a set of available assets which aims to maximize expected returns and minimize risk at the same time, to take place. In this Study is shown that an investor with n risky share, how to reach certain profits with minimal risk. Such a portfolio, efficient portfolio is called. For this purpose, the study of evolutionary algorithms, Genetic Algorithm, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, also with regard to the basic constraints on the investment, we use these practical methods to solve the portfolio optimization problem. Practical results for the portfolio optimization problem in the Tehran Stock Exchange, of the30 company's active in the industry with the selection of20companies along with their validation, is obtained. Aims to help investors better and more practical to select different stocks and thus is an effective investment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        67 - Designing native decision-making model for selecting venture capital in emerging companies: A mixed study
        Mohammad Reza Radfar Gholamreza Zomorodian
        10.30495/jfksa.2022.21087
        Present study aims to design and explain the decision-making native model for selecting venture capital investment in emerging companies. In this regard, in order to achieve this goal, based on the qualitative approach of the theme analysis, the qualitative data was con More
        Present study aims to design and explain the decision-making native model for selecting venture capital investment in emerging companies. In this regard, in order to achieve this goal, based on the qualitative approach of the theme analysis, the qualitative data was conducted through interviewing experts and venture capital companies, and then the decision-making native model for selecting venture capital investment in emerging companies is designed. Subsequently, in a quantitative approach, a questionnaire was developed and completed by managers of venture capital companies. To analyze the data of the questionnaire, a confirmatory factor analysis was used. The results indicate that all themes introduced in this study include: financial features, product or service, features of market and industry, risk type, entrepreneurial experience, intellectual property rights, personal competence of entrepreneur, marketing capabilities, exit strategy, participation, responsibility and social effect, rules and regulations, innovation, personality traits of entrepreneur, investment horizon, entrepreneur’s character and information asymmetry are effective for selecting venture capital in emerging companies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        68 - The Effect of Energy Subsidies Elimination on GNP in IRAN
        تیمور محمدی جمشید پژویان شیما عباس زاده
        Up to now energy consumption in Iran due to having cheap sources of energy and support from government subsidies in comparison with the international standards has been high.  Determining energy prices lower than the world price by the government increases governme More
        Up to now energy consumption in Iran due to having cheap sources of energy and support from government subsidies in comparison with the international standards has been high.  Determining energy prices lower than the world price by the government increases government spending and as a result increases unsustainable budget deficit. Undoubtedly removing energy subsidies for optimal allocation of limited resources is the most important task that should be done in the Iranian economy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of removing energy subsidies on macroeconomic variables such as economic growth and energy consumption of petroleum products such as gasoline and gas oil using VAR econometrics model.For achieving this goal, three hypotheses have been investigated. The first hypothesis indicated that “the subsidies are the Granger cause of GNP growth”. The second hypothesis is “removing subsidies decreases the production” and the last hypothesis is “the effect of removing subsidies takes more than two time period”. Statistical database is the Iranian economy between years 1356 to 1387 when the subsidies were paid. Investigated variables in this study are real price of gasoline, real price of gas oil, real annual gasoline consumption, real annual gas oil consumption, GNP and a dummy variable.Results of this study indicate that if the prices of gasoline and gas oil reduce the consumption of these two products, GDP growth will decrease but if the consumption of these two products does not change considerably, it would not affect GDP growth. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        69 - Market Structure and Social Costs in Cement Industry: The Case study of Iran
        سید شمس الدین حسینی سمیه دودانگه
        This paper aims to highlight the structure of cement market in Iran and show how it has performed in the past, particularly over period of 2000 - 2007. Following the new policy guidelines notified by the supreme leader of Iran, I republic, pertaining the article 44 of T More
        This paper aims to highlight the structure of cement market in Iran and show how it has performed in the past, particularly over period of 2000 - 2007. Following the new policy guidelines notified by the supreme leader of Iran, I republic, pertaining the article 44 of The Constitution, it deemed necessary to carry out studies evaluating the viability these corporation exposed to market forces. The rationale behind  this new policy was to expedite the divestment process of state owned corporations to private entities as a step to enhance an environment of competitiveness in the economy, and also to promote productivity , social welfare and so forth,   As such, this study aims to fill this gap. To delineate the structure of Cement market, techniques such as Concentration index, Hirfindal-Hirshman index, and Entropy (both cases of including not including ownership effect) indexes are used. In the case Entropy including ownership effect, the result shows that over the period under study, the concentration ratio of top four firms were between 74 and 84 percent, and that of Herfindhal-Hirshman index was between 2018 and 2501 unit and Entropy index was between 0.74 and 0.83. In the case Entropy excluding ownership effect, the above observation can not be maintained. To measure social cost inflicted by Cement Industry Activities, Cowling-Mueller Method, was used. Cost function for cement industry (comprising of 10 firms) was estimated in an Integral Data Pattern Format using data covering the period of 2000 to 2007. Then, based on the information, the total cost of above mentioned firms, their price deviation from total cost, and the total welfare costs of the industry as a whole were calculated. The results of above calculations show that the welfare loss resulted from monopoly of these 10 firms, amounts to 44 percent of sale value. Moreover, economics of scale was taken care of while estimating marginal cost and average cost in this industry.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        70 - Investigating the Role of School Climate in Predicting Social Competence of Girl High School Students in Dezful City in the School Year 2019-2020
        Masoumeh Motlaq Nasim Tale`pour
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        71 - The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Project Managers Competencies by Using Structural Equation: CFA
        Kimia Sadat Mirkamali Sanjar Salajeghe
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        72 - The Design and Analysis of Pragmatic Competence-based Assessments for Improving Linguistics Skills of EFL Learners
        Ebrahim Sheikhzadeh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        73 - National Business Ecosystem base Knowledge: Analysis the Role of Universities in Promoting the Competitive Advantage of Businesses
        Zahra Mohammadi Nasrabadi Zahra Taleb Entezari Yaghob Esmat Masoudi Nodoshan
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        74 - A Stealthy Freedom and Sociological Effects In Only Goodness: A Work by Jhumpa Lahiri
        Atefeh Lieaghat Fatemeh Aziz Mohammadi Mozhgan YarAhmaddi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        75 - Analyzing and Drawing the Co-word Map of Competitive Intelligence in First-Level Technical Universities of Tehran
        Mandana Yavari Parivash Jafari Nadergholi Gorchian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        76 - The Effect of Financing Components on the Structure of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Petrochemical Industry
        Meysam Saniefar Seyed Reza Salehiamiri Mehdi Elyasi Mehran Mokhtari Bayekolaie Seyed Abdollah Sajadijaghargh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        77 - Enhancing the Efficiency of the Technological Innovation Capabilities and Competitiveness of Pharmaceutical Companies by Applying Technology Intelligence Using data Envelopment Analysis
        Ali Bonyadi Naeini Mahnaz Ahadzadeh Namin Ali Amini
        Introduction: As strategic companies with a competitive nature, pharmaceutical companies have a significant contribution to the country's competitive advantage. Thus, competitiveness has become a challenging and important issue in such companies today. In complex compet More
        Introduction: As strategic companies with a competitive nature, pharmaceutical companies have a significant contribution to the country's competitive advantage. Thus, competitiveness has become a challenging and important issue in such companies today. In complex competitive environments, just organizations who strengthen their technological innovation capabilities can continue to compete. Technological innovation capabilities utilize the new data and information in the field of technology and needs technology intelligence itself. So, in this research we want to assess the effects of technology intelligence on the efficiency of technological innovation capabilities and competitiveness of pharmaceutical companies. Methods: In terms of objectives, this research is practical and descriptive-analytical, and field and library method is used for data gathering. This research's data is extracted from 55 active companies in the pharmaceutical industry and with the help of network data envelopment analysis (DEA) analyzed and efficiency to companies, with and without technology intelligence assessment. Results:In this research it was found that utilizing technology intelligence has a positive effect on the efficiency of technological innovation capabilities and competitiveness of these companies and has often increased their efficiency. This study showed that the use of technology intelligence, only 54/34 percent of the companies under investigation received full performance score. Conclusion: The approach of this study was to investigate the role of technology intelligence that was studied and compared. The results show that this role was significant and effective role of technology intelligence on the efficiency of technological innovation capabilities and competitiveness to prove.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        78 - Analyzing the Impact of Technology Intelligence on Competitive Advantage in the Firm (Case Study: Pharmaceutical Companies)
        Ali Amini
        Introduction: Today, not only is the capability of quick and on time use of information and technological knowledge a big challenge for organizations, but also is the first priority that creates advantage for it. Technology intelligence is the process that provides the More
        Introduction: Today, not only is the capability of quick and on time use of information and technological knowledge a big challenge for organizations, but also is the first priority that creates advantage for it. Technology intelligence is the process that provides the necessary awareness for decision making in the field of technology and helps in acquiring competitive advantage for the firm by gathering and analyzing information and technological knowledge. Methods: This is a descriptive research and its statistical society is all the Iranian companies in the second Iran Pharma exhibition in Tehran in 1395 (193 companies). The questionnaire of this research was distributed among all the participants in the exhibition and 98 correct questionnaires were received. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. SPSS software was firstly used to analyze the data and then Smart-PLS software was used for structural equations modeling by least partial squares. Results: The results of this research, technology intelligence had a positive impact (β=0.774) and significant (T=18.742>1.96) on the competitive advantage of pharmaceutical companies. Besides confirming the model, the results show that the technology intelligence variable has been able to take 59.8% of the changes in these companies by a impact coefficient of 0.774. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it can be said that by utilizing technology intelligence and also its significant positive impact on competitive advantage, one can see the acquisition, improvement, and promotion of competitive advantage in an organization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        79 - Identifying the Factors Affecting the Cultural Competence of Doctors and Nurses in Government Organizations in the Health and Medical Sector of Iran
        Eghbal Mohammadpour mansour irandoost hamid lorestani jalil sahabi
        10.30495/jhm.2022.66878.11038
        Introduction: Cultural competence, which is the ability to respond to cultural diversity within health care systems. The aim of this article was to identify the factors affecting the cultural competence of physicians and nurses of government organizations in the health More
        Introduction: Cultural competence, which is the ability to respond to cultural diversity within health care systems. The aim of this article was to identify the factors affecting the cultural competence of physicians and nurses of government organizations in the health sector of Iran. Methods: To analyze the research literature, the Meta-synthesis method was used, then using the opinions of 10 organizational experts with a questionnaire, the two-stage Delphi method was used to finalize the model. Results: In the first phase, with a systematic review of 198 documents, which after refinement reached 32 and by reviewing these studies, we obtained 7 effective indicators and 26 sub-indicators affecting cultural competence, which in a questionnaire of 10 experts In the first round, the Kendall coefficient is ./512  It was obtained by removing a factor that had less credibility from the experts' point of view, as well as correcting 3 other factors, and finally in the second round of Delphi, the number ./704 It was found that it indicates the high validity of these indicators. Conclusion: Indicators of cultural diversity, cultural attitude, cultural desire, cultural humility, humanistic competence, educational readiness and organizational support are the seven final indicators. The application of the extracted model of cultural competence in public health can be a tool for Assessing and prioritizing the cultural competence of medical staff in the public sector of Iran and its results should be the basis for taking managerial measures for organizational reform and improvement. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        80 - Identifying the Role of Shared Leadership Competencies in Crisis Management (Case Study: Farabi Hospital)
        fatemeh shamlooy baharak shirzad kebria Parinaz Banisi
        Introduction: The support and participation of the managers of an organization is necessary to implement an effective crisis management. The preparation of the situation is done by clarifying the aims and objectives of the crisis management plan based on the philosophy More
        Introduction: The support and participation of the managers of an organization is necessary to implement an effective crisis management. The preparation of the situation is done by clarifying the aims and objectives of the crisis management plan based on the philosophy and values of the organization, which is more evident in health centers. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of shared leadership competencies in crisis management (Case study: Farabi Hospital). Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey method. The statistical population of the present study includes all managers, deputies and staff of Farabi Hospital, whose number is 820, so the required sample size was determined 262 people based on Cochran's formula. A questionnaire was used to examine the research variables. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by a group of university professors and their construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The research hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling. Results: Characteristics and skills are directly (coefficient 0.48) and indirectly involved in crisis management through task-oriented leadership (coefficient 0.80), people-oriented leadership (coefficient 0.26) and organizational leadership (coefficient 0.14). It was also found that task-oriented leadership, people-oriented leadership and organizational leadership with direct coefficients of 0.89, 0.33 and 0.79, respectively, are directly involved in crisis management. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, characteristics and skills can play a role in crisis management of Farabi Hospital. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        81 - Effective Dimensions on Clinical Governance Success (Stimuluses, Enablers, Challenges) in a Private Hospital with Delphi-Fuzzy Approach
        zeinab mohammadi hosein didekhani
        10.30495/jhm.2023.70130.11073
        Introduction: Different countries have used methods and tools for promotion of health care to date. One of these methods is clinical governance. In this study, effective dimensions on clinical governance were evaluated in the point of view of health managers.Methods: In More
        Introduction: Different countries have used methods and tools for promotion of health care to date. One of these methods is clinical governance. In this study, effective dimensions on clinical governance were evaluated in the point of view of health managers.Methods: In this qualitative study, a comprehensive model of effective agents on clinical governance was presented by Delphi Fuzzy method. Using literature review and opinion of 30 experts and health managers of Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Goragn, and Phalsaphi privet hospital, impaired items on eight dimensions of clinical governance in Phalsaphi hospital were selected, designed as a model and assessed by Fuzzy analysis.Results: According to suggested model, effective dimensions and variables were in three groups including stimuluses, enablers and challenges. The significance level was 8.31 based on the mean of significance level column. According to it, the internal marketing dimension with the highest significance level (10.88) and after that dimensions including education (research and development) and empowering employees with the significance level 10.54 and 10.48, respectively, had the highest effect on clinical governance implementation. The lowest effect on successful implementation of clinical governance was belong to the education dimension with the significance level 2.95. Conclusion: The findings suggest that establishment of clinical governance in studied hospital specially needs strengthen internal marketing, education (research and development) and empowering employees and clinical governance can be used to improve the performance of the treatment centers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        82 - Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Affecting Marketing Innovation in Medical Service Organizations
        Mohammad Jahanifar Ehsaneh Nejad Mohammad Nameghi Abas Asadi Akbar Bahmani Chub basti
        10.30495/jhm.2023.73645.11138
        Introduction: What today's organizations to a great extent need so that they can gain a position and competitive advantage in dynamic and complex markets is the ability to produce new, unique and competitive products and services in changing markets. The current researc More
        Introduction: What today's organizations to a great extent need so that they can gain a position and competitive advantage in dynamic and complex markets is the ability to produce new, unique and competitive products and services in changing markets. The current research seeks to identify and rank the factors affecting marketing innovation in medical service organizations.Methods: Using the Delphi technique, we identified factors affecting marketing innovation in medical service organizations. Factors affecting marketing innovation in medical service organizations were provided to the statistical sample in the form of a questionnaire to measure the agreement of the sample with each of these factors and methods. We ranked the known and verified factors with the help of TOPSIS technique.Results: According to the findings of this project, the factors affecting marketing innovation in service organizations are divided into technological, competitive, political, legal, economic and social respectively.Conclusion: Paying attention to the subject of foresight and long-term thinking and the use of innovation in marketing should be placed on the agenda of the organization. Special attention should be paid to the internal and external environment of the organization and their analysis to select and implement innovative proposals in the organization (corresponding to the prioritization of factors affecting social marketing) and a productive organizational culture that encourages creativity and innovation in the organization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        83 - Increasing performance and innovation in medical centers by implementing a competitive strategy
        mohamadtaghi amini Hassan Forati Mehdi Haddadzadeh mehrdad parisai
        Abstract: Introduction: the problems in the treatment industry have caused a decrease in the innovation and performance of the treatment centers, increased the cost of these centers and increased the recovery time of the patients. The government's attention to t More
        Abstract: Introduction: the problems in the treatment industry have caused a decrease in the innovation and performance of the treatment centers, increased the cost of these centers and increased the recovery time of the patients. The government's attention to this industry and cooperation with competition between these centers can be a solution in this field. The present study aims to identify the impact of this strategy on the innovation and performance of health centers, taking into account the effects of market instability, competition and the effects of medical teams have been made for these factors. Research method: This research is applied and a cross-sectional observational analytical study. Content validity was used to determine validity, and Cronbach's alpha and homogeneity criteria were used to determine reliability. The studied population was 1250 employees and doctors of private hospitals in the south. Sampling method is cluster and data collection is done through questionnaire. The sample size was estimated to be 205 people using Morgan's table and data analysis was done using structural equation modelin. Findings: The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between competitive strategy and innovation and the performance of medical centers Conclusion: While increasing the innovation and performance of medical centers, this strategy helps to reduce costs, increase the quality of services, and reduce the recovery time of patients. The instabilities in the treatment market and the level of competition among hospitals moderate the relationship between the competitive strategy and the innovation of health centers Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        84 - What are the main professional competencies for court of justice heads? (a qualitative model)
        Shirzad Farhikhteh Fatemeh Farhikhteh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        85 - The Dynamics of Competitiveness in Creative and Manufacturing Industries in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) of Pre and Post Crisis
        Prima Naomi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        86 - Absorptive Capability and Competitive Advantage: Some Insights from Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
        J. K. Sharma A. K. Singh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        87 - Impact of Service Quality on Customer Perception: An Empirical Study in India’s Post Office Savings Banking Sector Using SERVQUAL
        S. VijayAnand M. Selvaraj
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        88 - Applying Stackelberg Game to Find the Best Price and Delivery Time Policies in Competition between Two Supply Chains
        M. Fathian M. Narenji E. Teymoori G. Jalali
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        89 - The Relationship between Organizational Knowledge of Employees and Competitive Power of Capital Bank (Case Study: of Northern Branches of Tehran)
        hadi rezghi shirsavar حسین محمد سمسار
        The main objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between employees' knowledge of knowledge and competency of capital bank (studied in north of Tehran). The purpose of this study is to use applied research and in terms of collecting data, a descript More
        The main objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between employees' knowledge of knowledge and competency of capital bank (studied in north of Tehran). The purpose of this study is to use applied research and in terms of collecting data, a descriptive correlation type is used. The statistical population of the present study consists of 270 employees, managers, and officials of the Northern Branch Bank of Capital in Tehran. The sample size in this study is 160 people (according to Morgan table). In this research, simple random sampling method was used. The tool used in this study was 19 questionnaire of organizational knowledge and 11 questions of competitive ability questionnaire. The research tool has been verified formally. The results of the questionnaires were also calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha higher than 0.7 and confirmed. The results of the research showed that there is a positive and direct relationship between the three components of organizational knowledge and competitive ability. Also, results of structural equation implementation indicated that the highest path coefficient is related to technological capability and competitive power and in the second place structural power with competitive ability and ultimately cultural capability and competitive power.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        90 - Study World Environmentally Friendly Business Strategies on Export Performance Green
        Maryam Ghiasabadi Farahani Peyman Ghafari Ashtiyani
        This study seeks to examine the current knowledge of the greenhouse gas business strategy on the export performance of green products through a structural model. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.88. Using SPSS software& More
        This study seeks to examine the current knowledge of the greenhouse gas business strategy on the export performance of green products through a structural model. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.88. Using SPSS software’s and Smart PLS software, the results showed that the variables (physical resources related to green exports, financial resources Related to green exports and green corporate culture) with environmentally sustainable strategies, the negative impact of green management sensitivity on environmentally sustainable strategies, the positive impact of green competitive advantage on green export performance as well as the positive impact of green competitive advantage and consistent strategies The environment has a green export function. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        91 - The effect of market sensibility on company performance with mediating role of innovation capability and brand management system
        Ali Akbar Khademi Ehsan Badri Hanieh Farazandeh
        According to competitiveness of the market in today's world, for an active and continuous presence in the field of competition, companies need to pay more attention to their performance and the factors affecting it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect More
        According to competitiveness of the market in today's world, for an active and continuous presence in the field of competition, companies need to pay more attention to their performance and the factors affecting it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of market sensing capability on company performance with the mediating role of innovation capability and brand management system and the moderating role of market dynamics and intensity of competition among employees of Iran Khodro Automotive Company in Tehran. This study is practical in view of purpose and according to collection data method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study is finite population and include the statistical population of this study is limited and includes the employees of Iran Khodro car dealerships in Tehran. The Sample size according to Cochran formula is obtained 384 with simple random sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed by experts and its reliability has been confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze the data structural equation modeling and PLS software have been used. The results show that market sensitivity has a positive and significant effect on Innovation capability. Market sensitivity has positive significant effect on brand management system. Market sensitivity has a positive significant effect on company performance. Innovative capabilities have a positive significant effect on the brand management system. Innovation ability has a positive significant effect on company performance. Brand management system has a positive significant effect on firm performance. Innovative capability on the relationship between market sensitivity and market capability has a mediating role. Brand management system has a mediating role on the relationship between market sensitivity and performance. Market dynamics has a moderating role on the ability of innovation to affect company performance. Market dynamics affects the relationship of brand management system to the firm's performance. The intensity of competition on the relationship between the capability of innovation and the performance of the company has a moderating role. The intensity of competition on the relationship between the brand management system and the firm's performance is modest. This research is valuable because companies with superior sensor capabilities not only maintain product costs and develop new services, but can also accelerate the development process. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        92 - Identification and ranking of effective factors in competitiveness on the growth and development of the export market using fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making techniques
        somayeh Hozouri Mohammad ail abdolvand
        The main objective of this research is to evaluate the factors affecting competitiveness on the growth and development of the export market in the commercial and export companies. The method used in this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive, survey an More
        The main objective of this research is to evaluate the factors affecting competitiveness on the growth and development of the export market in the commercial and export companies. The method used in this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive, survey and correlation nature. The statistical population of this research was Q (230), using random sampling method. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.86, which indicates a high level of reliability. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Spearman test and T-test using Spss software and other relevant tests, which are described in detail in this study, were analyzed to identify each of the components and sub-components To make The results indicate that this research consists of 4 main components of environmental factors (with 3 questions), internal agent (with 7 questions), resource-based approach (with 4 questions), factor of production capacity (with 3 questions) And a total of 17 sub-criteria. By using the fuzzy tops is method and designing a specific questionnaire, effective factors of competitiveness on the growth and development of the export market of food industry were ranked and prioritized. Finally, among the 17 existing subsets of "customer orientation", "consumer trends", "ability Firm in Product Marketing "and" Competitive Power "ranked highest. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        93 - The Effect of Market Orientation on Innovation in Esfarayne Bank's Saderat Bank Services
        saeed mehri Ghadire Mehri imani malihe
        Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of market orientation on innovation in the services of Saderat Bank in Esfarayen. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the study consisted of all the official staff employ More
        Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of market orientation on innovation in the services of Saderat Bank in Esfarayen. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the study consisted of all the official staff employed in the branches of Saderat Bank, Esfarayn, 240. According to the Morgan-Krejcy table (1972), 138 people were selected as a simple random sampling. In this research, two standard Nursing and Slater market orientation questionnaires (1990) and service innovation, a combination of Jimnz-Jimens and others (2008), Pennies (2006), Pyrago and Sochell (2006) quotes Chopani (2011) is used. Descriptive statistics (demographic information) and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Regarding the distance-numerical variables of the research, on the other hand, the result of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for inferential tests of the research was linear regression test. Conclusion: The results showed that market orientation and its components (customer orientation, Competitivism, responsiveness and customer satisfaction) have a positive and significant effect on the innovation of banking services. In this regard, the role of the component of competition is the highest and the component of customer orientation is the least. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        94 - Investigation Of The Role Of Corporate Social Responsibility In Creating Sustainable Competitive Advantage By Enhancing Saipa Group’s Intellectual Capital
        Elham Samadzadeh kambiz heidarzadeh
        Abstract The main objective of this research is to find the relationship between corporate social responsibility with dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage of the firm. strategic corporate social responsibility has a close relationship with resource-based view More
        Abstract The main objective of this research is to find the relationship between corporate social responsibility with dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage of the firm. strategic corporate social responsibility has a close relationship with resource-based view because it influences intellectual capital as a large part of intangible resources, which is valuable, rare, inimitable and irreplaceable assets of the firms, can create sustainable competitive advantage for the firm. This study that in terms of aim is descriptive, and in terms of path is applied, survey research and of the correlative type, Using a five-point Likert-type scale, was performed on 208 senior managers of Saipa Group’s firms who were selected through Simple Random Sampling. In analyzing the data, inferential statistics topics including structural equation modeling that includes confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis was used. Based on the results of testing research hypothesis, that there is a direct relationship between corporate social responsibility, intellectual capital and sustainable competitive advantage, the main research question was positively answered. Thus, it can be deduced that Saipa Group’s firms that form population of this study, with CSR implementation were able to effectively manage and enhance their intellectual capital and make themselves differentiate among others. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        95 - Studying the Effect of Marketing Capabilities on Competitive Advantages and Commercial Performance of Insurance Companies (A Comparative Study of Social Security Insurance and Health Services)
        Mahmoud Jafarpour Elnaz Nabizadeh Mamani Mohadeseh Dehghan Chachkami
        Having severely required the insured institutions to gain competitive advantage, the present study is to pursue a relationship between marketing capabilities and competitive advantages with the organizational performance. The study is of applied in nature and in terms o More
        Having severely required the insured institutions to gain competitive advantage, the present study is to pursue a relationship between marketing capabilities and competitive advantages with the organizational performance. The study is of applied in nature and in terms of purpose, it is a quantitative study in terms of data collection, and that is a sort of exploratory research based on the findings.  The statistical population of the research is the personnel of the social security branches and health services of Qom province; simple random sampling is regarded as sampling procedure of the research in progress. To explore fit measurement models, the researcher has made a use of Cronbach's alpha, CR, and AVE. To determine the fit structural models, significant coefficients Z and standard R2 were utilized, as well.  In the current research, three hypotheses were tested each of which by a help of path coefficients and significant coefficients Z via statistical software PLS and SPSS. The Findings of tests indicated that the model variables in given samples in health services branches have higher values than that of social security, and are in a relevant manner. Consequently, it found out that investing in the identification and implementing the capabilities in the organization presents a more desirable outcome than the social security. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        96 - An Analysis of Factors Affecting to Sport Marketing Attitudes in Sport Boards Managers of Markazi Province
        mohsen esmaeili shamsoddin rezaei Tahmasb Shirvani
        Nowadays achieving financial and supportive resources is one of the main concerns of sport boards, which requires proper performance in marketing scope. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the attitude of sport boards' managers towards marketing as More
        Nowadays achieving financial and supportive resources is one of the main concerns of sport boards, which requires proper performance in marketing scope. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the attitude of sport boards' managers towards marketing as a preface to carry out operational activities.  The statistical population of the study was consist of all board of directors of sport boards of Markazi province as well as managers and staffs who works as experts at Markazi Sports and Youth organization  and it's sub branches. Total numbers of population were considered as samples and 104 researcher-made questionnaires were analyzed. The questionnaire was containing of 47 questions. The reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha (0.94) and university professors and experts confirmed the validity. To analyze data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov Smirnov test, T single-group, Friedman, exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations) were used by 22nd version of and Smart Plus software. The results identified eight factors that were named in accordance with the nature of the research as follow: performance assess, pricing, competitiveness, program and goal, human resources, market attitude (environment), marketing strategy, customer orienting. The results showed that the mean of all factors was higher than average. The overall measurement results of the model, such as the Goodness Fitness Index (GOD), were indicative of the suitability of the proposed model. It is recommended to directors of Sport boards to pay special attention to these factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        97 - The Interplay of Strategic and Green Marketing Orientation on Competitive Advantage
        Leila Aliarabi Seyed Abbas Kazemi
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between strategic green marketing orientation and internal green marketing on competitive advantage in Barij Essence. This research is a descriptive survey in terms of purpose and its method. The statistical p More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between strategic green marketing orientation and internal green marketing on competitive advantage in Barij Essence. This research is a descriptive survey in terms of purpose and its method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the staff of Barij Esen Company in 1397, which was 551 according to Cochran's formula. Simple random sampling method was used for sampling. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire developed by a local researcher containing 37 questions. The items were based on a five-point Likert scale. Formal validity was approved by a number of respondents and content validity was confirmed by a number of experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated using Smart PLS software, which was calculated above 0.7 to assess validity and reliability. The results show that the positive effect of strategic green marketing orientation on competitive advantage is higher when the tendency to internal green marketing is higher. Also, corporate social responsibility and stakeholder environmental pressures affect the orientation towards strategic green marketing. The trend towards strategic green marketing has a positive effect on competitive advantage and also has a positive effect on financial performance through competitive advantage. The limitation of the research is the use of questionnaires and data collection in a period of time. Research innovation has been in research variables that have paid enough attention to the role of strategic green marketing and internal green marketing with employee targeting. In general, it provided strategies to managers of organizations to improve the effectiveness of green strategic marketing and individuals, which creates a competitive advantage, which in turn increases financial performance and thus provides the exchange of tacit knowledge. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        98 - Effects of social media marketing on online customer behavior Saderat Bank of Bushehr City
        Jahangir Dashti Ali Akbar Mirzaee
        Networks and social media have become a powerful force in shaping business. Because they have strengthened mouth-to-mouth marketing and quickly become more important in customer purchasing decisions. Marketing through social networks requires the creation, maintenance a More
        Networks and social media have become a powerful force in shaping business. Because they have strengthened mouth-to-mouth marketing and quickly become more important in customer purchasing decisions. Marketing through social networks requires the creation, maintenance and promotion of, and, if necessary, termination of communication with customers, so that the goals of both parties involved in the relationship are provided. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social media marketing on the behavior of online banking customers. In terms of purpose, this research is a part of applied research, in terms of the characteristics of the descriptive research component, in terms of data collection as part of survey research and in terms of the method of implementation, is a correlation research. The statistical population of the research is employees and customers of Saderat Bank of Bushehr which 190 employees and 384 of them were selected as Nominee by random sampling method. The data gathering tool in this study is two social media marketing questionnaires and the standard questionnaire of Lemont Online Customer Loyalty Pattern (2006). Validity of the questionnaire was approved by the supervisor and consultant. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained to confirm the reliability of more than 0.7. In order to analyze the hypotheses, the field analysis using the Amos software has been used. The results showed that affective approaches in social media marketing, the effectiveness of activity in social media marketing and competitive dynamics in social media marketing activities have a positive and significant effect on online customer behavior. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        99 - The effect of social media adoption on importing clothes firms’ performance (Case Study: Instagram)
        Nahal Khodadi rahim mohtaram masoumeh jafari
        Nowadays, social media has become a new and important skill for everyone, and even for those who do not have much understanding of technology. In recent years, the world wide access to the media and social has drawn modern societies and business attention to it, and the More
        Nowadays, social media has become a new and important skill for everyone, and even for those who do not have much understanding of technology. In recent years, the world wide access to the media and social has drawn modern societies and business attention to it, and they are enjoying significant popularity, especially among younger generations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the social media of Instagram on the function of clothing importer companies. The method of this study was survey and descriptive-applied in terms of its purpose. The research population was the research of the customers of the clothing importer companies at Instagram, such as Jean West and Cotton, who, according to the Cochran formula, participated in the research for unlimited societies of 384 people. Random sampling method was available and they completed questionnaires on the level of social media competence of Instagram, social media adoption, intention to use the Instagram and the performance of the importing companies. The questionnaires are classified according to the five-point Likert scale. Also, the results obtained from the Cronbach's alpha coefficient show the acceptable reliability of the tools. To investigate the normality of the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, factor analysis was used to confirm the validity of the questions and to identify the key factors of each component and the model of the structural equation model to investigate the fit of the research model with the collected data. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        100 - Investigating the Impact of Market Orientation on Innovation Strategies
        faranak khodayari Behnaz Khodayari فاطمه نوری
        Today, in order to survive and achieve more success, organizations need to take advantage of these strategies to improve their competitive advantage. However, they have insufficient understanding of how to use this asset to improve market performance and, ultimately, ha More
        Today, in order to survive and achieve more success, organizations need to take advantage of these strategies to improve their competitive advantage. However, they have insufficient understanding of how to use this asset to improve market performance and, ultimately, have no competitive advantage. Research The present paper seeks to investigate the effect of market orientation on innovation strategies at Tehran Bourn Company. The research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of this research includes all personnel and experts in Tehran Bourn Company. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 174 people and the method of sampling was simple random. The research data were collected using library and field method and the tools used in the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.866) and the validity of the tool was confirmed by content method. Data were analyzed using statistical software, descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS and PLS software’s. The results of this research indicate that the impact of customer orientation and competitiveness on exploratory innovation has been positive. Moreover, the results show that the client Orbital and competing have a positive and significant impact on gradual innovation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        101 - Investigate the Relationship between Talent Management, Product Market Competition and Intellectual Capital
        ali habibi arezo ziyari
        In the present study, the researcher examined the relationship between talent management, product market competition and intellectual capital. In this way; 100 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected for a five-year period from the beginning of 2014 More
        In the present study, the researcher examined the relationship between talent management, product market competition and intellectual capital. In this way; 100 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected for a five-year period from the beginning of 2014 to the end of 2018 through systematic sampling and the necessary data were extracted and the hypotheses developed were tested. The present research method is descriptive-correlational and its design is experimental using post-event approach. In order to test the research hypotheses, multivariate linear regression was used, which was based on panel data and a combination of cross-sectional and temporal series, which used statistical and econometric methods to examine the effect of independent variable on dependent variable. After going through the above steps; it was concluded that between talent management and product market competition; there is a positive and significant relationship between intellectual capital and competition in the product market; there is a positive and significant relationship. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        102 - Providing a Conceptual Model for Sporting Events in Iran
        Reyhaneh Naghshzan Khajouie Mehdi Salimi Rasool Nazari
        The purpose of the present study was to provide a Conceptual Model for Sporting Events in Iran. The research methodology was performed in terms of quality, process strategy and the objective was applied. The statistical population was selected to consist of human commun More
        The purpose of the present study was to provide a Conceptual Model for Sporting Events in Iran. The research methodology was performed in terms of quality, process strategy and the objective was applied. The statistical population was selected to consist of human community 1. Senior sport managers and experts in sport management and sport tourism, and 2. University professors in sport management and marketing. The statistical sample was sampled and questioned in a number of capability-based theoretical saturated content (23 and 61 documents). Based on theoretical saturation and you will be considered. Research tools included systematic library study and the exploratory interview structure. The validity of tools using qualitative narrative methods was evaluated at a desirable level. The method of conceptual coding and frameworks were used for analyze the data according Corbin and Strauss approach. The conceptual framework for sporting events in Iran includes eight general areas: event characteristics, event brand capability, event branding, event marketing, event innovation, event brand performance, event competitive advantage and event brand value. The conceptual model derived from the code framework was mapped as a process system from event attribute and event brand capability to event brand value. The framework presented in this research provides an understanding of the dimensions of the event brand based on its relation to a set of event activities. Based on this framework, it can provide an objective assessment of the level of management activities at each sporting event and provide scientific information on the appropriate actions that sports organizations must take to branding. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        103 - Investigating the Relationship between Financing Constraints and Competition in the Product Market and Customer Focus in Automotive Companies Listed On the Tehran Stock Exchange
        Seyyed Alireza Mosavi mitra ghasemi panah
        Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between financing constraints with competition in the product market and customer focus in automotive companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present research has been done by descriptive More
        Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between financing constraints with competition in the product market and customer focus in automotive companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present research has been done by descriptive-correlation method with applied nature in 2020. The statistical population includes car companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample size is 35 and the sampling method has been done by systematic removal. The tools used in this research are reports published by the stock exchange, stock exchange monthly, modern savings software, Sahra and Dena and audit reports, financial statements and the web portal of the Society of Certified Public Accountants. Manna test, Pearson correlation and linear regression were analyzed. In this study, two hypotheses were proposed. In the first hypothesis, the relationship between financing constraints and competition in the product market was examined, and in the second hypothesis, the relationship between financing constraints with customer focus was examined. Both hypotheses were confirmed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        104 - The Role of Innovation Strategies in Strengthening the Products and Services Commercialization in Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
        Akbar Mohammadi Behnam Rezaei Asiabar sahar babaei
        Nowadays, Using from Innovation Strategy is one of the most important tools for improving the products and services commercialization in companies. In this study, the model of innovation strategies has been investigated based on the classification of Fletch et al, 2018. More
        Nowadays, Using from Innovation Strategy is one of the most important tools for improving the products and services commercialization in companies. In this study, the model of innovation strategies has been investigated based on the classification of Fletch et al, 2018. Also, The Chen et al, 2009 model about classification on the dimensions of technology commercialization has been used. The research has been done with an exploratory approach and based on structural equation modeling with SmartPLS3 software. In this study designed Questionnaires were answered by 112 experts and managers from knowledge-based and medium-sized firms. The results indicated that Product Innovation Strategy and Process Innovation Strategy is positively, significantly influence to Products and Services Commercialization accelerated paths. In addition, the findings revealed that these Strategies are significant predictors of Market Development. Also, the findings showed that, product innovation strategies, unlike process innovation strategies, can’t have a positive and significant impact on Technological Scope in product and process commercialization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        105 - Strategic Model of Branding of Research Services of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries
        mohammad vasheghani farahani manochehr niknam Nader Qaribnavaz Hormoz Mehrani
        10.30495/jomm.2022.66467.1926
        Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to design a strategic branding model for research services in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries in Iran. Methodology: According to the research process, this study is fundamental in terms of orientation, qualitative i More
        Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to design a strategic branding model for research services in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries in Iran. Methodology: According to the research process, this study is fundamental in terms of orientation, qualitative in terms of research, field and library in terms of research purpose, and more in terms of exploration and understanding of concepts. The grounded theory method aims to extract concepts and patterns from the background data that was done using documents, interviews and observations. It was a snowball sampling method with up to 15 experts. Theoretical saturation was interviewed. To collect data, two sections of documentary studies and semi-structured interviews were used. The data collection process was done by visual and audio interviews and then the text of the interviews was transcribed on paper and analyzed. In this research, to assess the validity of the interview, the opinions of the supervisor, marketing experts and the opinions of two professors in the field of management and marketing have been used. Findings: The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that the major categories of marketing information system were physical environment, product / service deliverables, marketing intelligence, organizational technology, personnel and manpower. , Gas and petrochemical, based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1998) the sum of the categories extracted from raw data, in the form of causal conditions (structural stability of the company and marketing intelligence), strategy (marketing information system), context (Physical environment), intervening conditions (manager quality, quality of colleagues, organizational factors) and consequences (branding of research services of oil, gas and petrochemical industries) were categorized. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        106 - Changes in Consumer Behavior in the Wake of Sanctions
        P. Ghaffari Ashtiyani A. Mozafari Z. Alemojtaba
        The current situation in Iran and the intensification of sanctions against Iran, has made some application development as a necessity which One of these is the use of Iranian goods. Using Iranian products cause domestic industrial growth, lower unemployment, l More
        The current situation in Iran and the intensification of sanctions against Iran, has made some application development as a necessity which One of these is the use of Iranian goods. Using Iranian products cause domestic industrial growth, lower unemployment, lower exports of crude oil and mineral resources... and also Reduce the impact of external sanctions and reducing injuries on the body of the Iranian economy which is the main target of sanctions. Therefore, this study seeks to identify and examine the factors that influence consumer of Iranian goods. By putting the basis of the theory of planned behavior, attempt to estimate the factors influence Iranian consumer purchase intention to buy Iranian product. The study also by adding the two variables of knowledge and attitude towards sanctions tries to gain a deeper understanding of the current situation in Iran. Moreover due to the strong influence of attitude, related factors such as price and quality perception and also perception of Iranian manufacturer competence of the products has been studied. The results show that the perceived price, perceived quality and perceived competence of Iranian manufacturer, have positive impact on attitudes toward Iranian product and also perceived behavioral control, attitude, subjective norm, knowledge and attitude towards sanctions, positively influence consumer purchase intention of Iranian product. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        107 - Investigation of the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Creating Sustainable Competitive Advantage by Enhancing Saipa Group’s Intellectual Capital
        K. Heidarzadeh E. Samadzadeh
        The main objective of this research is to find the relationship between corporate social responsibility with dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage of the firm. Strategic corporate social responsibility has a close relationship with resource-based view because i More
        The main objective of this research is to find the relationship between corporate social responsibility with dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage of the firm. Strategic corporate social responsibility has a close relationship with resource-based view because it influences intellectual capital as a large part of intangible resources, which is valuable, rare, inimitable and irreplaceable assets of the firms, can create sustainable competitive advantage for the firm. This study is an applied research in terms of aim and is a descriptive, survey and correlation research in terms of method, using a five-point Likert-type scale, was performed on 208 senior managers of  Saipa Group’s firms who were selected through Simple Random Sampling. In data analysis, inferential statistics topics including structural equation modeling that includes confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were used. Based on the results of testing research hypothesis, that there is a direct relationship between corporate social responsibility, intellectual capital and sustainable competitive advantage, the main research question was positively answered. Thus, it can be deduced that Saipa Group’s firms that form population of this study, with CSR implementation were able to effectively manage and enhance their intellectual capital and make themselves differentiate among others. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        108 - The Investigation of competitive Intelligence from the Entrepreneurs` Perspective (Structural Equation Modeling Approach)
        P. Ghaffari Ashtiyani R. Choobandian M. Zargaran
        Based on their outstanding and excellent features, entrepreneurs are able to provide necessary resources in business competitiveness, growth and development and also to deliver quality products and services through the analysis of competitive environment. The research a More
        Based on their outstanding and excellent features, entrepreneurs are able to provide necessary resources in business competitiveness, growth and development and also to deliver quality products and services through the analysis of competitive environment. The research aims at investigation of competitive intelligence from the entrepreneurs` perspective. The study deals with how behaviors are influenced by market orientation and entrepreneurial attitude and the entrepreneurs’ competitiveness. The study sample includes 412 entrepreneurs of 4th national festival superior entrepreneurs from whom 258 completed questionnaires are obtained.  Data analysis is undertaken employing LISREL software under windows environment. The hypotheses testing results show that there is a positive and significant relation between the model hidden variables. The structural equation findings reveal that market orientation and entrepreneurship attitude have effects on the scope and frequency of competitive intelligence scanning behaviors. Accordingly, the entrepreneurs with high level of market orientation and entrepreneurship attitudes tend to scan wider scope of competitive intelligence with higher frequency and this means that their effective attempts are maximized in some companies which value the competitive intelligence. On the other hand, utilizing the competitive intelligence, the entrepreneurs achieve a competitive advantage which other competitors lack and also they obtain more comprehensive understanding in relation to strengths and weak nesses of themeselves and competitors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        109 - Identification and Prioritizing of Exporting Target Markets for Iran’s High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
        A. Hajiha M. Haghighi Kaffash M. Manian
        Recognition and prioritization the target markets for special goods is must to establish the efficient marketing strategy. This will save investments of exporters who want to make a continued presence in markets. On the other hand in export programming fi More
        Recognition and prioritization the target markets for special goods is must to establish the efficient marketing strategy. This will save investments of exporters who want to make a continued presence in markets. On the other hand in export programming field it can play a valuable leading rule for authorities to establish trade strategies and dual trade negotiations. This research as its title says “Identification and prioritizing of exporting target markets for high density polyethylene (HDPE)” have decided to prioritize the markets by their attractiveness via suitable indexes which are available and contains the expert’s view, resource demand, capabilities and objectives of Iranian petrochemical commercial company. In reality final destination of this research is that it maps correct movement of HDPE in target markets by observing objectives, resources and organization capabilities. The method used is that we gather the information statistics at the first, and then refine them by using import potential indexes and statistical techniques. we start up to recognize the most important indexes for evaluating market attractiveness by gathering the related industry expert view to prioritize target markets. Finally by using of this indexes and techniques of numerical taxonomy and factor analyzing and relying on given statistics and informations by international trade center, we prioritize the target markets of HDPE. The result of this research shows that the markets which are better for exporting Iran HDPE after china and Hong Kong that are two evident markets for this product are Ukraine, Turkey, Spain, Malaysia, Greece, USA, Pakistan, Indonesia and Poland. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        110 - Designing Structural Equation Model of Competitiveness in Level of Departments of Insurance Companies in Tehran
        M. R. Abbasi H. RahimiKoloor
        In the era of growing globalization competitiveness has been considered as a major issue among policy makers at different levels. In this paper we first review the research background, and study the factors affecting competitiveness. Then, using the confirmatory factor More
        In the era of growing globalization competitiveness has been considered as a major issue among policy makers at different levels. In this paper we first review the research background, and study the factors affecting competitiveness. Then, using the confirmatory factor analysis technique, we identify a set of indices affecting competitiveness; classify them in three main indices (Environmental, Inter-organizational and Creating Perceptual Values Factors) and in the next stage, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) the kind of relationship between new structure and indices affecting the competitiveness is studied so that while explaining conceptual model of competitiveness, the competitiveness  domestic model is presented .The present study data has been collected from the insurance companies based in Tehran from among a 138 insurance expert. To analyze the data, we have used Lisrel software. The results of the research modified model have identified the factor creating conceptual value of the first importance. These results show that inter-organizational and environmental factors are of the next level of importance. Hence, the proposed model in this study has been different from its theoretical model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        111 - مبانی تکرار و تعدد جرم در جزای نقدی نسبی
        Nader Heydari reza ranjbar alvar olya rahim vakilzade
        10.30495/jijl.2022.70609.1625
        According to the last part of Note 3 of Article 19 of the Islamic Penal Code and the unanimous ruling No. 759 dated 4/20/1396 of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Iran, the punishment of a relative fine (proportional or variable) is considered a seventh-degree punish More
        According to the last part of Note 3 of Article 19 of the Islamic Penal Code and the unanimous ruling No. 759 dated 4/20/1396 of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Iran, the punishment of a relative fine (proportional or variable) is considered a seventh-degree punishment.If the crimes subject to a relative monetary penalty are different, according to paragraphs b and p, the punishment is determined according to the value of the subject of the crime (such as contraband or drugs) and if the crimes committed are not different and are subject to paragraph A. M. 134 of the Islamic Penal Code, only A punishment will be determined in proportion to the most serious crime committed and the corresponding punishment.In general, the punishments for repeating the crime are not subject to relative monetary punishment and these punishments are based on the provisions of Article 137 of the Islamic Penal Code. In the face of special laws (such as the law amending the law against smuggling of goods and currency), the same ruling of the special law is the criterion of action.According to Article 125 of the Islamic Penal Code, for participating in crimes that are subject to a relative monetary penalty, the punishment of each partner is the punishment of the independent agent (in proportion to the total subject of the crime) and only the benefit of the perpetrator at the time of examining the degree of attribution of the accused behavior to the perpetrator in order to determine Cooperative behavior is considered. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        112 - Jurisprudential and legal assessment of the inclusion of the provision of Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code for criminals with relative impairment of discrimination and perception
        Fatemeh Noori roomanan abbas tadayyon Behnam Yousefian Shuredeli
        10.30495/jfil.2023.71338.1683
        In Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code, the legislator has decreed a ruling that is defensible in some ways, but in some respects rejectable. The rejection of this substance is more important and its positive functions have been challenged. In some respects it can be c More
        In Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code, the legislator has decreed a ruling that is defensible in some ways, but in some respects rejectable. The rejection of this substance is more important and its positive functions have been challenged. In some respects it can be criticized that the removal of two punishments of Hadd and Qesas on condition of proof of doubt in the growth and perfection of intellect in adult offenders under 18 and the second possibility of the fall of these two punishments can only be noted in the case of adult offenders under 18 years of age that with a realistic attitude, there is no logical reason for either. In relation to the recent direction, the question arises whether the sentence of this article can be extended to the perpetrators with relative disabilities of the clean power according to this direction. This is a legal and jurisprudential point of view. This is a legal and jurisprudential point of view. It seems that if the philosophy of ratification of this article is proof of doubt in the development and perfection of the criminal mind, it should be said that none of the two directions reject the ruling of this article which has been mentioned above, and therefore, the ruling prescribed in this article is applicable to all offenders who have partial disabilities and comprehension, and therefore, it should be assumed that the criminals who suffer from this condition should not be assumed to be guilty of this condition. The realization of criminal responsibility and the impossibility of determining and executing the punishment, whether Hadd or Qisas or other punishments. The type of the paper, the foundation, its approach, descriptive-analytical, method of doing it, the library study and the means of collecting information in it are also jacking. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        113 - Religious Jurisprudence Study of the Effects of Crime Repetition on Punishment in Hodod Issues with Emphasis on Feiz Kashani Views in Mafatih al Sharayeh
        Abbas Taghvai Hossein Saberi Hossein Naseri Moghadam
        One of the important issues in religious jurisprudence subjects is the role of crime repetition in punishment aggravation and alteration which is indicated in some punishment one by one, not publicly and separately, but in new legal text, it is indicated separately and More
        One of the important issues in religious jurisprudence subjects is the role of crime repetition in punishment aggravation and alteration which is indicated in some punishment one by one, not publicly and separately, but in new legal text, it is indicated separately and in relation jurisprudence is indicated as the aggregative factors. Most of the juris consults have used these punishment issues in their punishment sentence one by one separately, although some believes to the similar role of the repetition in the form of punishment in some crimes. The main subject in this article which is disputable is the role of repeated crime punishments in changing the ascertated punishment to the execution sentence which the most jurisprudence is agreeing with. Some differences, and as we know with reviewing of the development of this issue according the opinions of the early jurists up to the contemporary jurists and finally adaptation of the early and later jurists opinions with one of the forward thinking jurist. In 11 centuries AD named Molla Mohsen Feiz Kashani in Mafatih al Sharayeh can be illustrative of special and delicate view in Shiite legal history and its developments which are changed to an important and single issue in contemporary rights. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        114 - An Inquiry into Reasons for the Priorities about the Debtor’s Properties
        Farzaneh Ahmadi Ali Reza Amini
        When the Islamic Judge announces a debtor incompetent of invading his properties and judges him as bankrupt, creditors find a right about his wealth and they can take what the debtor owes them from his wealth. But, the point at issue for researchers, at least at first g More
        When the Islamic Judge announces a debtor incompetent of invading his properties and judges him as bankrupt, creditors find a right about his wealth and they can take what the debtor owes them from his wealth. But, the point at issue for researchers, at least at first glance, is whether all creditors are equal in this right, and whether there are priorities for some of them.    Islamic jurisprudential texts suggest that there are differences between them, since there are cases in which some creditors are preferred to others and have, so to say, some sort of priority. In these cases, the priority is based on criteria found in Islamic jurisprudence ,some of which we point in short: superiority of right, precedence of right, priority of essentially established right to accidentally established right, priority of rights resulted from will to rights not resulted from will, and right’s being daily.    In this dissertation, relying upon principles such as the equality of the rights of creditors, justice and fairness, and other points found in Islamic jurisprudence, I will examine the reasons of the priority of some creditors to others and, criticizing giving priority in some cases, I will reject some of them such as the priority of the right of the seller as to the very sold thing and …. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        115 - Analysis of the Jurisprudence Nature of Technology Transfer in Petroleum Contracts
        Hojjat Shafiei Majid Vaziri
        Technology transfer in petroleum contracts must have jurisdictional legislation and provide materials to the contracting parties therefore, it is necessary to explain the jurisprudential nature of technology transfer in these contracts. This descriptive-analytic researc More
        Technology transfer in petroleum contracts must have jurisdictional legislation and provide materials to the contracting parties therefore, it is necessary to explain the jurisprudential nature of technology transfer in these contracts. This descriptive-analytic research answers the questions that what is the jurisprudential nature of technology transfer in petroleum contracts? which of the following is in accordance with Islamic jurisprudence? After examining different types of international legal and indefinite contracts and different formats such as bye back, leasing and reward contract it was found the step four of bye back (IPC) it is very similar to lease and reward contracts. also concluded that technology transfer in Petroleum contracts is similar to leasing. The most important legal effect is that, under the terms of the contract for the lease of individuals, the contractor has no rental right of ownership, and is merely entitled to receive the remuneration provided by the service. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        116 - The History of the Principle of Judiciality of Punishments
        Sayed Mahmoud Majidi Mahdi Zolfaghari
        Determination and execution of punishment as well as existence of a systematic criminal proceeding have invariably been among most important controversies over punishment. By the principle it means that whole of the criminal proceeding such as investigation, trial and s More
        Determination and execution of punishment as well as existence of a systematic criminal proceeding have invariably been among most important controversies over punishment. By the principle it means that whole of the criminal proceeding such as investigation, trial and subsequently execution of the punishment should be done by a competent judicial authority. In the religious thoughts the authority called Imam or Governor or Judge. Accordingly people who lack the competence cannot intervene in the affairs and take arbitrary measures. The paper is devoted to development of the principle and determining its position. Although Article 36 of Constitution expressly embodied the principle in itself, it have been experienced an uneven road in its way to Criminal Code (2013). The act devotes a separate Article providing for the principle a long whit principle such as presumption of innocence and legality of crimes and punishments. But the principle is surrounded by exceptions some of which are new. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        117 - The relationship between Product Market Competition and Earnings Management: Evidence from Discretionary Accruals
        Jamal Bahri Sales Asgar Pakmaram Ghodrat Ghaderi
        Competition mechanized infrastructure as a company is that the company's ability to create any shocks cost to customers, reduce volatility of cash flows and thus reducing the need to manipulate earnings. The present experimental study is based on previous studies Laksma More
        Competition mechanized infrastructure as a company is that the company's ability to create any shocks cost to customers, reduce volatility of cash flows and thus reducing the need to manipulate earnings. The present experimental study is based on previous studies Laksmana and colleagues (2014), Lerner indices, Lerner adjusted and Herfindahl Hirschmn with the accruals earnings management (management accounting profit) evaluate. The study population consisted of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2014 and study data consisted of 816 years of the company. The method of Solidarity and test hypotheses, multivariate linear regression. The results showed that the index of product market competition (Lerner index) and third (Lerner adjusted index) had a significant relationship with management accounting profit. Also, the Herfindahl Hirschmn index significant relationship was observed with earnings management through accruals Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        118 - Investigating the impact of quality management standards on profitability indicators of Tehran Stock Exchange
        razieh hashemian Hamidreza Vakili fard Mohsen Hamidian
        10.30495/jma.2023.22410
        The aim of this research is experimentally test the role of compliance with international business standards in improving business processes and company performance, based on the theory of quality management. Does the higher competitiveness and efficiency of the company More
        The aim of this research is experimentally test the role of compliance with international business standards in improving business processes and company performance, based on the theory of quality management. Does the higher competitiveness and efficiency of the company have an effect or not? The statistical population of the current research is the Tehran Stock Exchange. Through screening, 167 companies selected as the research sample (1670 years-companies). The test of the hypotheses of the research has been done using the multiple linear regression method using the least squares method. The results of the experimental test of the research show that. The independent variable of compliance with international business standards has a direct and significant effect on the market value, the company's competitiveness and the company's efficiency. According to this research, it can be concluded that the financial behavior of companies active in the Iranian stock market is influenced by compliance with international business standards in the field of quality management, and the above standards (environmental standards, quality of services and products, human resources, energy, social activities, customer satisfaction) in Iran have the necessary effectiveness and efficiency and lead to the improvement of financial performance, value creation and efficiency of companies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        119 - The Effects of Risk Appetite and Social Pressure on Aggressive Financial Reporting Behavior
        Abdollah Taki saeed ali ahmadi mehdi aghabeikzadeh
        The company's willingness to accept and manage risk, known as risk appetite, and the pressure to influence people over what is called social pressure, can mislead a company's financial reporting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate risk a More
        The company's willingness to accept and manage risk, known as risk appetite, and the pressure to influence people over what is called social pressure, can mislead a company's financial reporting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate risk appetite and social pressure on aggressive financial reporting. A scenario-based questionnaire adapted from Brink et al. (2018) research was used to test the research hypotheses. For the present experimental study, 160 financial managers were selected according to the Cohen et al. (2000) research sample. Analysis of variance was used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that when the risk appetite of the firm is aggressive, the obedience social pressure (conformity social pressure) causes financial managers to be more (less) inclined to aggressive financial reporting. Also, the results showed that when the risk appetite of the company is conservative or aggressive, obedience social pressure (conformity social pressure) leads to more (less) financial managers' tendency to aggressive financial reporting. In addition, the results indicate that the interaction of corporate risk appetite and social pressure does not influence financial managers' willingness to aggressive financial reporting. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        120 - The impact of competitive environment and organizational measures on management accounting practices and organizational performance
        Asgar Pakmaram Neda Rezaei
        Today's business environment is rapidly changing and competitive. These changes are largely in the business environment in which the organization operates there. The prior studies show that both internal and external factors lead to a change in management accounting pra More
        Today's business environment is rapidly changing and competitive. These changes are largely in the business environment in which the organization operates there. The prior studies show that both internal and external factors lead to a change in management accounting practices in the organization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the competitive environment and organizational factors on management accounting practices and organizational performance. Internal factors and external factors studied the structure and strategy of the competitive environment and advanced manufacturing technology. Manufacturing companies in Tehran Stock Exchange are research society.The results showing changes in the competitive environment with changes in structure and strategy is a positive and significant relationship and Change in strategy also led to a change in the management accounting system.Structural model showed a significant relationship between organizational strategy and management accounting practices and structures that will lead to increased organizational performance Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        121 - Designing a cost control system to increase competitiveness in construction projects based on the integration of PFABC and tc
        Hossein Toosi Arezou Chamikarpour
        The main purpose of the present research is to use new costing methods in construction projects to reduce and control the amount of cost deviations and some limitations in the common methods of cost management in projects. In competitive or highly uncertain projects, it More
        The main purpose of the present research is to use new costing methods in construction projects to reduce and control the amount of cost deviations and some limitations in the common methods of cost management in projects. In competitive or highly uncertain projects, it is not possible to control the momentum of the project's profit and loss, and, it is not possible to accurately identify the activities causing profit or loss and the extent of their impact on these results.After a literature review, a method developed to control the momentum of direct and overhead costs of the project during its progress. An interview was conducted with 26 financial managers in construction companies during 2 to 4 times using goal-oriented and bullet-proof methods from June 2016 to May 2017 with the aim of validating and modifying the method. According to a semi-structured interview analysis, the proposed method contributed to increasing the precision, certainty, traceability of overhead costs that is about 10 to 35 percent, and provided the integrity of the financial, technical and operational system. It also facilitates rooted deviations, and reduces costs by considering Activity-driven Competitive and strategic conditions. It's also limiting the target cost of working packs and causing an alarm on the completion of each department's budget and analyze its reasons, allowing for control of budget deviations. Also, according to Friedman test, there is a meaningful competitive ability compared to the conventional cost control method in the projects. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        122 - The Role of Accounting Department in Outsourcing Decision-Making (Case Study: Yazd Textile Industry)
        شهناز نایب زاده علی مروتی شریف آبادی مریم گلشن
        The aim of the present research is The Role of Accounting Department in Decision-Making about Outsourcing in companies that activate in Textile industry in Yazd. The modelof this research has been formed with using variables, intensity of competition, firm size, firmper More
        The aim of the present research is The Role of Accounting Department in Decision-Making about Outsourcing in companies that activate in Textile industry in Yazd. The modelof this research has been formed with using variables, intensity of competition, firm size, firmperformance, cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy as independent variable andparticipation level of Accounting Department in Decision-Making about Outsourcing asdependent variable. This research is applied research according to the purpose of research andAccording to research method is descriptive correlation. Required data is collected by usingquestionnaires and survey methodology. The statistical population of this research has beenactive companies in the textile industry in the city of Yazd and was used from Stratifiedsampling to select the sample and collected 175 acceptable samples. Data analysis wasaccomplished with using Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman. Research resultsshow that there are a significant relationship between intensity of competition and the firmsize with participation level of Accounting Department in Decision-Making about outsourcingand that there are not a significant relationship between, corporate performance, costleadership strategy and differentiation strategy with participation of Accounting Departmentin Decision-Making about Outsourcing. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        123 - Cost Management Strategies And Making Competitive Advantage (a comparative study: target costing and quality costing)
        Jamadverdi Gorganli Dooji1 Naghi Fazeli
        Organizations have been formed in a complicated political, economical, social andtechnical environment. Their development is by very nature dependant on achievingtheir goals & approaches. Creating & protecting their competitive advantage in suchan environment in More
        Organizations have been formed in a complicated political, economical, social andtechnical environment. Their development is by very nature dependant on achievingtheir goals & approaches. Creating & protecting their competitive advantage in suchan environment in national and international levels has been introduced as acomponent effective in an organization’s survival & continual. Nowadays, thecustomers demand their services and essential Goods in their lowest price, fastdelivering and best quality. Due to the existence of various products and suppliers.The organizations managers have been trying to achieve these goals i.e reducing costof goods & services, improving quality and their fast delivering in interaction withcustomers value. considering the environment condition dominant on economicinstitution. Managing & balance-making among 3-above mentioned factors is on ofthe most controversial issues in strategic management. It has been introduced as a keyfactor to continue its activities in business. On the other hand, the recent changes i.elaissez-faire, flourishing of stock exchange and changing the interest-rate to thebalanced-rate are example to make different issues posed in cost managementsignificant. Since any measure to reduce cost of goods production and services candirectly have an impact on stock price in stock exchange. The main aim of this studyis to state cost management & its modern techniques focusing on target costing,quality costing, their roles in making competitive advantage & organization againstbeing effective from competitors in business. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        124 - The influence of competitive environment and business strategies on the relationship between firm's financial leverage and performance
        فرزین رضایی حامد عازم
        This study is concerned to investigate the influence of competitive environmentand business strategies on the relationship between firm's financial leverage andperformance.135 firms listed in TSE as samples during 1381-1388 were selected.Results corroborate not only the More
        This study is concerned to investigate the influence of competitive environmentand business strategies on the relationship between firm's financial leverage andperformance.135 firms listed in TSE as samples during 1381-1388 were selected.Results corroborate not only there were negative and significant relation but alsoindustrial competitive intensity and business strategy had an influence significantly.These influences on firms with cost leadership strategy were further than firms withproduct differentiation strategy. Furthermore impact of industrial competitiveintensity on relationship between financial leverage &performance was positivelysignificant. Generally, firms with product differentiation strategy and active in highcompetitive intensity environment have the most impact on the relationship betweenfinancial leverage & performance. Meanwhile, other pair as to strategy andcompetitiveness had less impact on that relationship. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        125 - The Effect of Product Market Competition on Tax Compliance of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Alireza Ma’toufi Faezeh Dehghanian
        Competition in product market is very likely the most powerful force leading economy of the world toward efficiency in the world which can impact behavior of lack of financial compliance. The aim of this study was to evaluate product market competition on tax compliance More
        Competition in product market is very likely the most powerful force leading economy of the world toward efficiency in the world which can impact behavior of lack of financial compliance. The aim of this study was to evaluate product market competition on tax compliance of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research product market competition is used as the independent variable and tax compliance which is used as the dependent variable. The research in was conducted on the Stock Exchange companies during 2011-2016. The logistic regression model and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant negative correlation between product market competition and tax compliance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        126 - Effect of Companies' Technological Competitive Capabilities on Fraudulent Financial Reporting: Test of Resource-Based View
        Reza Shirani Saber Molaalizadeh Zavardehi Allah Karam Salehi
        10.30495/jma.2022.20208
        Purpose: The development of knowledge and advancement in technology has brought about a wide-ranging transformation in societies and has led to changes in the performance of companies in order to respond to environmental turmoil and social expectations. Many companies h More
        Purpose: The development of knowledge and advancement in technology has brought about a wide-ranging transformation in societies and has led to changes in the performance of companies in order to respond to environmental turmoil and social expectations. Many companies have taken full advantage of the opportunity to advance their technology to increase their competitiveness, thereby trying to gain a significant competitive advantage over other competitors. The Purpose of this research is Effect of Companies' Technological Competitive Capabilities on Fraudulent Financial Reporting. Methedology: This research in terms of purpose, It is applied in terms of data collection method of quasi-experimental and post-event research in the field of positive accounting research using data envelopment analysis method, the technology-centric capability variable was first measured. The statistical population studied in this study consisted of knowledge-based companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2015 to 2019 and 76 companies were selected and surveyed based on systematic screening. Finding: The result of testing the research hypothesis is that technological competitiveness has a negative and significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. Conclusion: This result, based on the theory-based theory of resource theory test, reflects the fact that, by focusing on technology capacity, companies are able to turn research and development information resources into a competitive advantage in the production of innovative products. Hypocrites with higher returns on performance will be less likely to report fraudulently. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        127 - Provide a Model for Interactive/Qualitative Analysis (IQA) of Green Accounting Symbol Competitive Advantages
        Hamid Jamallivani alireza matoufi mehdi safari gerayli Mansor garkaz
        10.30495/jma.2021.19294
        One of the dimensions of sustainable development at the capital market level is green accounting, which is the basis for evaluating the performance of companies to protect the environment. Green accounting involves processes ranging from identification to financial repo More
        One of the dimensions of sustainable development at the capital market level is green accounting, which is the basis for evaluating the performance of companies to protect the environment. Green accounting involves processes ranging from identification to financial reporting and waste management, which can contribute to the effectiveness of companies' sustainable development strategies. The purpose of this research is Provide a Model for Interactive/Qualitative Analysis (IQA) of Green Accounting Symbol Competitive Advantages. Therefore, in line with the research process, through content analysis in research texts, indicators related to competitive advantages of green accounting were identified by research experts and then based on link analysis, which included internal link analysis and relationships between links and systematic impact of links. An attempt was made to determine the most important element of communication between stimuli and competitive consequences of green accounting at the level of Tehran Stock Exchange companies. In this study, in order to determine the theoretical adequacy of the research, after identifying the competitive advantages resulting from green accounting, with the help of 15 accounting experts at the university level, an attempt was made to evaluate the identified indicators through Delphi analysis, which were evaluated in two stages through the mean, coefficient of agreement and standard deviation and among the first 20 indicators, three indicators were eliminated and 17 indicators entered the interactive analysis phase with the participation of 23 managers of Tehran Stock Exchange companies. at this stage, after analyzing the relationships between links and systemic effectiveness, they started with approved indicators, and the results in this section showed that the primary stimulus to achieve the most effective competitive outcome of green accounting is the company's performance standards towards the community; Strengthening the dimensions of the culture of accountability and adapting the company's capabilities to the standards of accounting and auditing today, based on which important consequences such as social responsibility; Provide agency costs and tax benefits and incentives for companies operating at a competitive level in the capital market. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        128 - Use of Statistical Mix to Understand Legitimate Statistical Competency of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development Students
        S. Dehyouri I. Malek Mohammadi S. M. Hosseini S. M. Mirdamadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        129 - Investigation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the peripheral sediments of the coral ecosystems of the Persian Gulf islands (Case study: Qeshm, Hengam and Lavan)
        Mehdi Soltani Saber Ghasemi Ehsan Kamrani
        10.30495/jrnr.2022.69815.10261
        The second richest habitat on the planet after tropical forests is dedicated to coral ecosystems. This ecosystem plays a significant role in balancing the amount of carbon and nitrogen, maintaining coastlines against destruction caused by continuous waves, storms, flood More
        The second richest habitat on the planet after tropical forests is dedicated to coral ecosystems. This ecosystem plays a significant role in balancing the amount of carbon and nitrogen, maintaining coastlines against destruction caused by continuous waves, storms, floods, creating a marine environment, nutrients for the food chain, and also balancing the delicate system of nature. Today, the extraction, exploitation and transportation of oil have left the biggest role in the destruction of the coral coasts of the Persian Gulf. Samples of marine and coastal sediments of Qeshm, Hengam and Lavan coral islands from a depth of about 0-5 cm were randomly collected according to the MOOPAM method and the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons was measured by UVF device in μg/g of sediment. The texture type of sediments indicated that the highest percentage of fine particles (Silt+Clay) in marine and coastal sediments of Lavan Island is 51.58% and 51.01%, respectively. The average detected concentrations of TPH are lower than the environmental risk background value (4 μg/g). The highest concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons is observed in the marine and coastal sediment stations of Lavan Island, which can be due to the facilities and activities of oil and fishing vessels in this island. Also, the assessment of the environmental risk caused by TPH pollution on aquatic organisms using indicators of sediment quality guidelines (SOGs) and contamination factor (Cf) showed that the investigated sediments do not have any adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms. Exploitation, marine transportation, oil spills and its derivatives are considered as one of the main reasons for the destruction and negative ecological effects on the coral reefs of the Persian Gulf, which this challenge of the need to protect the coastal areas and the environment makes marine life more obvious with a sustainable development approach. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        130 - Meta-analysis of the relationship between cultural intelligence and cultural competence
        Ali oliaee Alireza Ebrahimpour Seyed Morteza Mousavian
        10.30495/jcm.2022.64028.1560
        Purpose: the purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic and meta - analysis of the literature on cultural competence and cultural intelligence to gather and evaluate the quantitative findings of cultural intelligence and its relation on cultural competence.researc More
        Purpose: the purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic and meta - analysis of the literature on cultural competence and cultural intelligence to gather and evaluate the quantitative findings of cultural intelligence and its relation on cultural competence.research method: the research method in this paper is applied in terms of objective, in terms of quantitative performance, in terms of nature and method of descriptive and statistical society of all articles of the world. in order to identify studies related to cultural intelligence and cultural competence, the review of university information technologies in online magazines Wiley, springer, Elsevier, science direct, web of science, sage, ProQuest, google scholar were systematically investigated. Studies written in Persian were searched in Iran Dock and Elm net databases. Out of 143 selected articles, finally 8 articles have all the necessary conditions according to the prism selection protocol. then, using a random effect model of quality of each study, heterogeneity between studies and bias with CMA2 software was analyzed and evaluated.results: the effect size (Pearson correlation coefficient) is significant in the case of random effects model (r = 0.480) and z - value is statistically significant at the probability level of 99 %.conclusion: aggregation of research results of the world showed that cultural competence has a positive relationship with cultural intelligence, but the intensity of this relationship varies in different societies. furthermore, cultural competence is related to motivational and metacognitive aspects of cultural intelligence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        131 - Investigation of organizational agility in 22 districts of in the municipality of Tehran
        Mehrnosh Jafari
        Background: In this dynamic environment of organization, the importance of using appropriate methods for facing with changes is important. One of the best ways to deal with environmental changes, leading to the organization to be agile. The aim of this study was to eval More
        Background: In this dynamic environment of organization, the importance of using appropriate methods for facing with changes is important. One of the best ways to deal with environmental changes, leading to the organization to be agile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the organizational agility in the municipality of Tehran (22 districts) Methodology: This applied research is descriptive-survey. 377 -person sample of the population of Tehran Municipality staff (22 districts) with multi-stage sampling (cluster and systematic) were collected. Data collected by using standard questionnaires (organizational agility) analyzed by spss tests such as single-sample t-test and Friedman test and descriptive parameters such as mean and median were analyzed. Finding: Research findings indicate that organizational agility of organizations surveyed is in relatively good and in terms of ranking and prioritizing the importance of organizational agility indicators, merit is the highest priority. Result: It is necessary for managers to identify changes in environment and facing with changes by using proper policy and preparing organization for agile.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        132 - Social Responsibility Impacts on Organizational Performance and Competitive Advantages with Mediating Role of Environmental Supplier Development (Case Study: Manufacturing Firms of Qazvin)
        zahra aminafshar mohsen hooshangi
        The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of corporate social responsibility on the performance of manufacturing organizations with regard the mediating role of environmental supplier development. This study includes 8 industrial parks of Qazvin province with More
        The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of corporate social responsibility on the performance of manufacturing organizations with regard the mediating role of environmental supplier development. This study includes 8 industrial parks of Qazvin province with the 93 sample of manufacturers. This research is based on the structural equation modeling and for the analysis of the collected data we applied partial least squares method. There are 9 hypotheses that the analysis revealed that corporate social responsibility has positive and meaningful impact on environmental supplier development dimensions except supplier evaluation. Also, the related hypotheses to company performance indicate that there are positive relation among environmental supplier development dimensions and financial and competitive advantages, but just supplier evaluation has not positive effect on financial performance of companies. The findings of this study revealed that even though company’s social responsibility is costly and time consuming, but at least in the long time will have a significant impact on performance and community reputation of organizations. The results of this study encourage organizations managers to adhere to their social responsibility towards society and the environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        133 - Designing a paradigm model of cultural competence of managers of public banks' branches (Case study: Bank Melli Iran)
        Ali oliaee Alireza Ebrahimpour Seyed Morteza Mousavian Alireza Salehi
        10.30495/jcm.2022.67891.1602
        The purpose of this study is to design a model of cultural competence of managers of branches of state-owned banks.The quality section includes all academic and organizational experts of the National Banks of Iran, which was considered as a sample size using purposive n More
        The purpose of this study is to design a model of cultural competence of managers of branches of state-owned banks.The quality section includes all academic and organizational experts of the National Banks of Iran, which was considered as a sample size using purposive non-random sampling method and the principle of saturation of 20 people. The statistical population of the quantitative section includes 390 employees of Bank Melli who were selected by using sample size calculation in structural equations and multi-stage cluster random sampling method.The research method was basic-applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) of exploratory type in terms of data type. Semi-structured interview tools and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. The data analysis method was theoretical coding in the qualitative part and in the quantitative part to answer the research questions, one-sample t-test, structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis and SPSS-v21 and smartPLS software were used.Findings and Results: The results showed that cultural competence includes three components: cognitive competence, emotional competence and behavioral competence. Factors affecting cultural competence also include three components: demographic characteristics, personality traits and communication factors. Finally, the implications of the model were presented at three levels: employees, managers and the organization. The results of one-sample t-test showed that all components except the organization's consequences are in good condition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        134 - The role of cultural intelligence in predicting psychological basic needs of participants in group quarrel and clashes in Ardabil
        زهرا حاجی‌زاده سمیه تکلوی ali jafari
        The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of cultural intelligence in predicting psychological basic needs of participants in group quarrel and clashes in Ardabil. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population included all More
        The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of cultural intelligence in predicting psychological basic needs of participants in group quarrel and clashes in Ardabil. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population included all participants who were involved in group quarrel and clashes in Ardabil city in 1396. The sample number was 123 which was selected using cluster sampling of the number of 8 police stations. Cultural intelligence and psychological basic needs Questionnaires were completed. The data were analyzed with multiple regression. The results showed that the components of cultural intelligence, metacognition strategy (B=0.33), the ability has to predict competence basic needs, and knowledge cognition (B=0/26). The ability have to predict relatedness basic needs. In general, the results of the research showed that the competence basic needs and relatedness through cultural intelligence persons involved in a quarrel are predictable. The ability have to predict relatedness basic needs. In general, the results of the research showed that the competence basic needs and relatedness through cultural intelligence persons involved in a quarrel are predictable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        135 - Assessing military cultural competence in Isfahan military service centers
        maryam talaei saeid sharifi morteza talaei
        10.30495/jcm.2023.22320
        The present study was conducted with survey method aimed at evaluating military cultural competence and analyzing cultural knowledge and ability to provide services in military centers in Isfahan. The statistical population of this study was all the providers of various More
        The present study was conducted with survey method aimed at evaluating military cultural competence and analyzing cultural knowledge and ability to provide services in military centers in Isfahan. The statistical population of this study was all the providers of various types of services to devotees, military forces and their families. Among these, a sample of 122 people was considered as a sample using Cochran sampling formula and community variance calculation, after the distribution as available, 0.94 questionnaires were returned. The data collection tool was a 26-item questionnaire for assessing military cultural competence of Nedegaard & Zwilling (2017). This scale was developed based on Bandura's Self-efficacy Model by Meyer, Hall-Clark, Hamaoka, & Peterson (2015) and measured in two levels for assessing knowledge and awareness and cultural self-efficacy. The reliability of scale and its subscales were more than 0.7. T-test and regression analyzing was used for the data in Akaike information criterion. The results of analysis showed that the military cultural qualifications of service providers except dimensions of knowledge and attitudes in other dimensions were higher than the average level. The highest correlation was found between the dimensions of military cultural competence between self-efficacy and cultural ability (0.679), the most effective factor in determining military cultural competencies with cultural knowledge is (0.279). The results of demographic variables show that the less experienced the experience of individuals with devotees and military personnel, their military cultural competence decreases. Also, spiritual services have the greatest impact on increasing the military cultural qualifications of service providers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        136 - Identifying the dimensions of cultural competence in health sector governmental organizations
        Eghbal Mohammadpour mansour irandoost hamid lorestani jalil sahabi
        10.30495/jcm.2022.69167.1617
        Introduction and purpose: Cultural competence is the ability of the treatment staff to work successfully with patients from different cultural backgrounds. This article was done with the aim of identifying the dimensions of cultural competence in government organization More
        Introduction and purpose: Cultural competence is the ability of the treatment staff to work successfully with patients from different cultural backgrounds. This article was done with the aim of identifying the dimensions of cultural competence in government organizations in the health and medical sector.Research method: meta-combination was used to review the research literature, and then using the opinions of 10 academic experts through questionnaire and Delphi method to confirm the model.Findings: In the initial stage, with a systematic review of 234 documents, which finally reached 45 after refining, 4 indicators and 13 sub-indices of cultural competence were extracted. It was achieved and by removing two factors that had little validity and also modifying 5 other factors, finally in the second round of Delphi, it was 735/. It was taken out, which shows the high validity of these dimensions.Conclusion: the indicators of cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity and cultural skill are the four final indicators, applying the extracted model in the public health and treatment sector will be able to be a tool for analyzing and prioritizing cultural competence in the public sector and The results should be the basis of management measures to increase the productivity of the organization.Keywords: cultural competence, government healthcare sector, Delphi technique, hybrid method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        137 - Investigating the relationship between the educational styles of teenagers and delinquent youths in preventing the occurrence and repetition of crimes in the correctional center
        mohammad diba sanaz baradari
        10.30495/jcm.2023.73031.1668
        The aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between the educational styles of teenagers and delinquent youths in preventing the occurrence and repetition of crimes in the correctional center (case study of Yasouj city). This research was carried o More
        The aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between the educational styles of teenagers and delinquent youths in preventing the occurrence and repetition of crimes in the correctional center (case study of Yasouj city). This research was carried out by a survey method. The statistical sample of this research is 120 teenagers in the correctional center of Yasouj city. The researcher-made questionnaire for preventing the occurrence and repetition of crime and the parenting styles questionnaire of Bamrind (1991) were used.Data analysis was done using SPSS 25 and SmartPLS 3 statistical software.In the present study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability were used to measure the reliability of the questionnaires, and average variance index was used to measure the validity of the questionnaires, and Vagar'sFornell and Larcker's validity were used. The research findings indicate that the relationship between permissive and authoritarian parenting styles has a positive and direct relationship with crime prevention and recidivism, while the relationship between assertive parenting style and crime prevention and recidivism is negative and indirect.The results obtained from the coefficient of significance indicate the significant effect of permissive, authoritarian and decisive educational styles with the prevention and repetition of crime. Considering that there is an indirect relationship between the prevention of crime and the commission of a crime, therefore, the correctional center in Yasouj city should focus on the mental development of teenagers and realistically explain the results of committing a crime to teenagers and its impact on the life of a teenager. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        138 - The Effect of Cultural Components on Personal Brand Model Based on Individual Competencies
        Sedigheh Saemian Moghadaseh Mohamadian Hamied mirmoeini Farzaneh shahrokhy
        Introduction and Research Goal: Personal branding is a procedure that individuals and their expertise are marked as commercial brands by using it. On other words, the implementation of this procedure leads to a specific sense of recognition, and a memorable and perfect More
        Introduction and Research Goal: Personal branding is a procedure that individuals and their expertise are marked as commercial brands by using it. On other words, the implementation of this procedure leads to a specific sense of recognition, and a memorable and perfect feeling in the owner of the brand. Hence, the recognition of these fields for participation in competitive environments with a variety of management functions, and also turning the activities to multipurpose ones became one of the main requirements for skills development. With such a background, the present investigation aimed to investigate the Effect of Cultural Components on Personal Brand Model Based on Individual Competencies.Research Methodology: The collected data was obtained from 94 persons who owned brands in Iran in 2013 by using researcher made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by employing Cronbach’s alpha method, which was 0.80 The structural validity was used to check the reliability of the questionnaire, and the results validated the research tool. The data was analyzed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Smart PLS software and Multiple Regression (MP), and the final model was presented in this paper.Finding: According to obtaining findings from Standardized coefficients and t-statistics, total of effective cultural components had direct and significant impact on personal brand (-2.58 < t < 2.58 and Standardized coefficients was positive)Conclusion: The results of the present research demonstrated the proper fit of the model based on the effect of the dimensions of cultural components such as Values and beliefs, motivational patterns, lifestyles, and tolerance of ambiguity on personal brand based on individual competencies in the fields of knowledge, skill and attitude. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        139 - Qualitative analysis of economic and cultural consequences of industrialization (the study of Mahabad Petrochemical project)
        Karim Alinezhad Seyed Ahmad Firouzabadi hossein daneshmehr
        The present study aims to identify and analyze the economic and cultural consequences of the petrochemical industry in Mahabad. The main question of the research is, how the industrial development policy in Mahabad influenced the economy and culture of local communities More
        The present study aims to identify and analyze the economic and cultural consequences of the petrochemical industry in Mahabad. The main question of the research is, how the industrial development policy in Mahabad influenced the economy and culture of local communities? The research method is qualitative and thematic analysis is used to analyze and interpret the data. Data were collected using semi-structured interview and observation techniques and theoretical sampling method was used to answer the research aims, so that 21 of the key informants directly exposed to the phenomenon were interviewed. All interviews analyzed in two stages of open (primary and focused) and axial coding. In the economic sphere, there are 36 initial concepts in the subcategory of 12 major categories (economic inequality, income reduction, land ownership change, non-use of local workforces, livelihood challenge, unknown and unpredictable of petrochemical for people, disproportionate change in local people’s livelihood, work rent in petrochemicals, Lack of profit for local peoples, Gender discrimination in employing, Increasing incomes, experience and skills of some people). In the cultural sphere, the first 20 concepts were filed in six major categories (cultural heterogeneity, inactivity of petrochemicals in the cultural sphere, the lack of appropriate infrastructures for petrochemical, changes in people's cultural morale, familiarity with new cultures, cultural inspiration). The results show that the effects in the economic sphere have isolated, even in some cases, local people in the field of employment and labor power, rather than helping people livelihoods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        140 - Designing an organizational meritocracy management model with sociological approach (cease study: Food and Drug Administration of Iran )
        hassan mahmodi karamollah daneshfard REZA najafbeigi Mehrdad navabakhsh
        10.30495/jisds.2022.20708
        The purpose of this study is to present a model of organizational competency management model with a sociological approach. Research in terms of philosophical foundations in the paradigm of pragmatism, from the perspective of the goal is part of the exploratory research More
        The purpose of this study is to present a model of organizational competency management model with a sociological approach. Research in terms of philosophical foundations in the paradigm of pragmatism, from the perspective of the goal is part of the exploratory research and the method of conducting the work is a combination of research. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section according to the theoretical saturation of the data includes 15 executive experts of the Food and Drug Administration. Qualitative data analysis has been done through open, axial and selective coding. In the quantitative part, for interpretive structural modeling based on the main components obtained from the qualitative stage, a questionnaire was prepared and using Delphi method with 15 scientific experts in the field of management. The organization, the relationships between the components were surveyed. Findings show that in structural, behavioral and environmental dimensions, it has 30 indicators and 12 components. After constructing the structural self-interaction matrix, the initial achievement and final achievement matrices are in the stage of determining the level of 12 components in 6 levels. Classification of criteria using motivational power and dependence; Key, dependent and link variables are represented using the MICMAC method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        141 - Globalization and structural changes in rural society
        Mansour Vosoughi Ali Imani Ali Kazemi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        142 - The Metaphysical Priority of Cooperation over Competition
        Mohsen Jamalimehr babak abbasi reza naderloo
        The understanding of diversity and relation between biological individuals are the first issue of environments observations. This leads to offer evolutionary theories for explaining those facts since ancient till now. The cooperation between individuals with their envir More
        The understanding of diversity and relation between biological individuals are the first issue of environments observations. This leads to offer evolutionary theories for explaining those facts since ancient till now. The cooperation between individuals with their environments was the basic idea of explanations in the history before Darwinian approaches. But Darwin offered his idea on base of a political economic theory which emphasis on competition between agents in economical activities. So the competition between biological entities is the foundation of Darwinian idea and any cooperation between entities in his approach explain away by consideration a competition between next level entities. On the other hand, there was not a well form and sound heredity theory in his time too. That’s why the Darwinian evolutionary theory faced some problems for explanation of some biological facts as same as others. Both of the cooperation and competition approaches alone could not explain the biological facts completely and coherently. It looks that while the basic relation between any biological individuals are cooperation with their environments, there are some race between almost same individuals for cooperation with their environments too. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        143 - Assessment of Climatic Comfort in the Rural Houses the North of Qazvin plain by Using ET and PET Methods
        Hossein Inanlo Hossein Mohammadi
        The Approach of being compatible with nature is very important so that complying withenvironmental housing will be a valuable step in modulating the energy challenges. Thevillages and the rural - urban located suburban have considerable importance .In this study,firstly More
        The Approach of being compatible with nature is very important so that complying withenvironmental housing will be a valuable step in modulating the energy challenges. Thevillages and the rural - urban located suburban have considerable importance .In this study,firstly, population-based study has been done to determine the need for housing in ruralnorthern plains of Qazvin using Statistics, Population and Housing in the years, 1996, 2006and 2011 .Then according to the data from meteorology stations within and adjacent areas,climatic zoning in Arc GIS was performed. Finally, climate comfort zone with experimentaleffective temperature (ET) and the application of physiologically equivalent temperature(PET) was calculated. The results showed, In terms of population, study rural housing is thejustified. Map and typing climate became semi-arid to arid climate along the northwest to thesoutheast of the region. As a result of the differences in climate, the climate comfort in thesoutheast direction, shows a significant decrease. The results of this study is to recommendpractical cases such as run compact architecture with heavy roof and wall, locating veranda inthe North East of houses, roof openings and brick facade of the application . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        144 - Counteract between powre, policy and geography in important straits of the world
        Nasrin Khaniha Zahra Pishgahi Fard
        We have been faced considerable developments in maritime trade after 2nd worldwar. Development of maritime trade led to considerable dependence of countries tofree shipping. Thus, maritime issues are considered as subset of national security. Thisis because access to ca More
        We have been faced considerable developments in maritime trade after 2nd worldwar. Development of maritime trade led to considerable dependence of countries tofree shipping. Thus, maritime issues are considered as subset of national security. Thisis because access to capital and market is important factor of world new order and itdepends on sea lanes and important straits. Therefore, main security concern,especially in relation to opponents, requires precise strategic consideration forconfrontation with trade wars. Thus, this issue is reason for what cold warconsiderations are invalided and new problems are posed in front of countries.Alongside with ever-growing importance of maritime trade, international straits alsohave special position in sea new geopolitics. Although important straits had key role inpast too, but currently they are important economically. This issue in time after coldwar is reason which reduces importance of some straits and gives some other straitsspecial importance due to position that they have in world trade routes.This research along with considering changes made in meaning and context ofstrategic straits in two geopolitical periods, tries to analyze effects of policies andpowers on these straits. Results yielded from this issue indicate that Indian Ocean andits important straits due to key role that they play in maritime trade, they are veryimportant and this is reason of competition between world powers in these straits. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        145 - Architecture compatible with Sour village climate in East Azarbiajan region by Ray MAN index
        Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi Hadi Rezanegad aslbonab
        Sour is one of the Bonab province villages in east Azarbiajan by cultural value among rockyvaluable villages belong to notional heritage that it has been registered by cultural heritageorganization, hand-made crafts and tourism organization. Establishment of optimal, dy More
        Sour is one of the Bonab province villages in east Azarbiajan by cultural value among rockyvaluable villages belong to notional heritage that it has been registered by cultural heritageorganization, hand-made crafts and tourism organization. Establishment of optimal, dynamicvillage spaces from socio- cultural, economical, environmental and structural view points isthe strategically good of village regions quality promotion, so by reviewing and investigationof climate based architecture, the village residential complexes are constructed based onstructural fabric and vernacular patterns, today employing new generation of convenientclimate indices are identified as physiologic-temperature indices. Health is considered inurban climate studies and other aspects like tourism. In this research, sour convenient climateconditions are evaluated by physiological equivalent temperature (PET). Predicted Mean vote(PMV) and standard effective temperature (SET) based on human body energy balance thatthe effect of climate, thermo physiology and activity are expressed. In analysis of convenientclimate of sour PET, PMV, and SET have been used. The climatic data were collected fromthe near synoptic station and the climate was studied daily and monthly. Among RAYMANmodel criteria PET was selected as the best pattern the results show that climatic convenientperiod is 44days by maximum in khordad and mehr. By lock at thermal stress, this village isin severe and medium cold stress in 179 days by considering radiation angle and direction andwind direction. The propositions have been proposed proportionate with the village climate.According to analyses, the best direction for construction of the houses is between 45. Southeast and 45. South west and the best direction is 15-30. South east with the highest winterradiation and lowest effete of winter and fall wind that is compatible with the region climate. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        146 - Identifying and Ranking the Factors Affecting the Promotion of Competence of Training Managers in the Aviation Industry with the ORESTE Technique (Case Study of Aviation Training Centers in Tehran)
        Seyedeh Aylar Taherian Mohammad Ali Hossieni Nader Gholi Ghourchian
        Introduction & Objective: One of the factors affecting Iran's low position in the field of aviation is the lack of qualified managers in aviation training centers. In this regard, the aim of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting the promotion of More
        Introduction & Objective: One of the factors affecting Iran's low position in the field of aviation is the lack of qualified managers in aviation training centers. In this regard, the aim of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting the promotion of training managers in the aviation industry with ORESTE technique. Method:The research method is applied and exploratory and has been done in two parts: quantitative and qualitative. The statistical population in the qualitative part were managers and experts in the aviation industry who were selected as the sample size by the theoretical saturation method. The statistical population in the quantitative part were the managers and  employees of Aseman Air, Mahan Air, Iran Air, Kish Air, that are based in Tehran in 2018, 250 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. Interviews were used to collect data in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part, the validity of which was confirmed by experts and the reliability was checked with Cronbach's alpha (0.80). Then, the identified indicators were placed in the form of a pairwise comparison questionnaire and ranked using the ORESTE technique. Findings: 70 effective factors were identified from the theoretical literature and expert opinions, which In particular, has examined and ranked the competence of managers in order to promote them and the importance of each of the indicators. Conclusion: The results showed that the first index of team building with a value of (1), the second index of delegation with a value of (0.840), the third index of writing skills (0.74).   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        147 - etermining the Effects of the Components of Visual Structure Quality on the Receptibility of Sociopetal Environments (Research Subject: Isfahan’s Historical Bazaar Saria)
        Somayeh pahlevan Hossein Soltanzadeh farah habib
        10.30495/ums.2022.21748
        Preface and Purpose of the Study: Understanding the visual structure of historical bazaar saria, as one of the most important architectural elements of design, can be effective for contemplation of their role and latent potential in the quality of their sociopetal space More
        Preface and Purpose of the Study: Understanding the visual structure of historical bazaar saria, as one of the most important architectural elements of design, can be effective for contemplation of their role and latent potential in the quality of their sociopetal spaces, the extent of their receptibility, and their prosperity. This study focuses on the understanding and analysis of principles of sociopetality in the receptibility and the visual quality evaluation of bazaar sariaes. Methodology: Firstly, through correlation and regression analysis, the presence of a students for each of the 12 investigated sariaes, and recording of the number of people and their gathering places, steps were taken to assess the criteria and answer the theories and research questions of the study. The evaluation and determination of the scope of the study were achieved through visual quality and sociopetal concepts in a structural dimension derived from the framework of the research and its conformity with visual parameters defined by space syntax software. The space syntax data was analyzed using the Depthmap software. Findings: Based on the findings of the study, it can be argued that access points and routes to the sariaes (whether directly or at a rotating angle), dimensions and total measurement of the saria and central courtyard, number of primary spaces, and direct access to primary spaces affect the extent of sociopetality and receptibility of bazaar sariaes. Furthermore, halls that have more entry points, larger central courtyards, and lesser rotation angle for accessing their middle saria, are more inviting and receptible and are more sociopetal as a result. In some cases, such as Mirza Kuchak saria, Khansari saria, and Golshan saria, visual quality components have a reverse correlation with structural components because entry points with an indirect view of the saria have no bearings on visual qualities, having high visual quality yet lower sociopetality. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that although, in most cases, visual quality components affect structural factors and induce sociopetality in the environment, in most bazaar sariaes in Iran such a correlation does not always exist. Sariaes with higher visual quality have lesser sociopetality because, in terms of structure, they do not have intelligible and inviting environments that appeal to the public. Sight and appearance, spatial complexity, practical variety, access and degree of movement, and comfort and number of available facilities affect the spatial quality and thus sociopetality.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        148 - Design of the Meritocracy of the Managers with the Urban Management Approach of Mashhad City
        serajhoddin Mohebi parvaneh Gelerd Hamidreza Movahedizadeh
        Introduction: Introduction A meritocracy is a military meritocracy that applies to the application of the criteria and the application of science and logic (neither relationships nor relationships)in choices and appointments so that individuals are selected based on com More
        Introduction: Introduction A meritocracy is a military meritocracy that applies to the application of the criteria and the application of science and logic (neither relationships nor relationships)in choices and appointments so that individuals are selected based on competences and skills. All candidates in the field of attraction should be given equal opportunity to prevent any discrimination and be used to gauge people's talents and abilities. Aim: design a meritocracy of the managers with the urban management approach in the city of Mashhad. Method: composite method (qualitative and quantitative) Results: based on the Competency pattern of urban managers of Mashhad city has 122 free codes, categorized in 15 axial coding and four selected codes by using Amos structural equations using Amos software. Conclusions: Individual competence with 0.87 coefficients has the highest impact on pattern construction and meritocracy. the most important obstacle in meritocracy in the city of Mashhad is the weakness of the assessment system (urban management approach), which in two main dimensions of barriers and characteristics was studied and showed that the most important administrative and cultural barrier was not the coordination and lack of ambiguity in the tasks of trustees and the most important characteristic of special attention to urban services.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        149 - Position, Dimensions and Realization of Urban Competitiveness in Urban Management
        Fatemehalsadat Afsahhosseini Hossein Zabihi Laala jahanshahloo
        The goal of the concept of competitiveness is somewhat specific and is overcome to other competitors. Due to the contemporary phenomena of globalization and information and communication, the importance of paying attention to the issue of urban competitiveness is eviden More
        The goal of the concept of competitiveness is somewhat specific and is overcome to other competitors. Due to the contemporary phenomena of globalization and information and communication, the importance of paying attention to the issue of urban competitiveness is evident. Competitiveness has different components. The purpose of the present research is to focus on the spatial components of urban competitiveness in order to provide it to urban managers. After determining the hypotheses using the structural equation model, with the partial least squares approach, the fitting of the model is performed by Smart PLS software to realization the hypotheses. To analyze the collected data from 110 people as a statistical population, descriptive statistics and then inferential statistics are presented first. The whole research hypothesis is confirmed. Also, research theory is: Urban competitiveness can be enhanced with people's participation and information and communication technology.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        150 - The effect of innovative behavior on organizational performance by explaining the mediating role of customer relationship management and competitive advantage in the customers of Snowa refrigerator in Arak city.
        maziyar kohzadichegeni mohamad taherirozbahani
        10.30495/ums.2023.21833
        The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of innovative behavior on organizational performance by explaining the mediating role of customer relationship management and competitive advantage in the customers of Snowa refrigerator in Arak More
        The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of innovative behavior on organizational performance by explaining the mediating role of customer relationship management and competitive advantage in the customers of Snowa refrigerator in Arak city. The method used in this research was a descriptive-survey method and applied in terms of purpose and from the field branch. The statistical population studied was the customers of Snowa refrigerator in the city of Arak, whose number is one of the unlimited communities. Using Cochran's sample size formula, 384 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling. In this research, the standard questionnaires of Kanter's innovative behavior (1988), Hersey and Goldsmith's organizational performance (1981), Abbasi's customer relationship management (2008) and Lee et al.'s competitive advantage (2006) were used. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha was calculated, which indicated the satisfactory reliability of the questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics including: mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum score, and structural equations were used in the inferential statistics section using SPSS version 21 and PLS3 software. The results indicate that innovative behavior has a positive and direct effect on organizational performance by explaining the mediating role of customer relationship management and competitive advantage in the customers of Snowa refrigerator in Arak city.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        151 - Designing a Model of General and Specific Competencies in the Field of Urban Management (Case Study: Managers of Tehran Municipality)
        Vahid Alamdari mohamadnaghi imani jalil younesi asghar sharifi
        10.30495/ums.2023.22342
        Introduction and purpose: Undoubtedly, the performance of urban managers, especially in a metropolis such as Tehran Municipality, will have a wide impact on the human force of this organization and on the stakeholders, including citizens, contractors of projects and gov More
        Introduction and purpose: Undoubtedly, the performance of urban managers, especially in a metropolis such as Tehran Municipality, will have a wide impact on the human force of this organization and on the stakeholders, including citizens, contractors of projects and government organizations, and others who interact with this organization. . The selection of competent managers will lead to the effective performance of employees and organizations. Considering the importance of competency models in the selection of successful and effective managers and the prominent role of Tehran Municipality in urban management, the aim of the current research is to design the competence model of Tehran Municipality managers.  Method: qualitative approach and theme analysis method were used in this research. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 12 university experts and managers with municipal experience.  Findings: After coding the implemented interviews, 10 themes were extracted which were the necessary competencies for managers. These 10 themes were classified into two general categories of general and specific competencies. General competencies include professional ethics, cognitive skills, change management, and data management, and specific competencies include communication skills, individual capabilities, specialized knowledge and skills, problem solving skills, people leadership, and performance management.  Conclusion: According to the competencies extracted in this research, it is recommended that urban managers in Tehran Municipality be evaluated and selected based on these competencies and the development of the competencies of managers should always be considered by the Tehran Municipality.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        152 - The Relationship between the Core and Professional Competencies of Agricultural Students and the Social Structure of Education with the Mediating Role of Educational Motivation
        Masoud Samian Reza Movahedi Ebrahim Salehi Omran Heshmatollah Saadi
        Many university graduates do not succeed in their field of study after graduation, one of the reasons for this problem is lack of educational motivation and needed competencies during their study. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship bet More
        Many university graduates do not succeed in their field of study after graduation, one of the reasons for this problem is lack of educational motivation and needed competencies during their study. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between core and professional competencies of agricultural students and the social structure of education with the mediating role of educational motivation. This study as an applied research has used a quantitative methodology through a descriptive- correlation method. The statistical population of this study were 440 agricultural students from Bu-Ali Sina University at three levels B.Sc, M.Sc. and Ph.D in Hamedan. Based on a stratified random sampling method, 205 students were selected using Cocheran formula. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire whose validity was confirmed during a panel of experts’ views and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test and it was α= 0.79 for different parts of the questionnaire. The results of the research showed that there is a significant positive relationship between variables the core and professional competencies with the social structure of education. Also, the results of multiple regression revealed that social structure of education can determine 67 percent of core competencies but 59 percent of professional competencies. Also, the results of path analyzing by Lisrel and SmartPLS3 software showed a direct and significant correlation between both core and professional competencies with the social structure of education (β= 0.69, β=0.84) and an indirect relationship between competencies, educational motivation and social structure of education Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        153 - Explaining the Distinctive Professional Competencies Performance of Greenhouse Managers Production units in Southern Khorasan Province
        Mohammad Motamedi Koroush roosta Asadullah Zamanipour Malihe Falaki
        Present study conducted with the aim of explaining the distinctive Professional competencies performance of managers in greenhouse production units in Southern Khorasan. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlational in terms of colle More
        Present study conducted with the aim of explaining the distinctive Professional competencies performance of managers in greenhouse production units in Southern Khorasan. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlational in terms of collecting data. The study was conducted through the survey method. The statistical population of the study was 141 greenhouse owners from greenhouse cucumber production Units who were selected through the census method due to the limited statistical population. The instrument used for collecting data in this study was a questionnaire. At the time of research, 117 active greenhouses and information were collected and the statistical analysis was using of the discriminant analysis. The results of the analysis showed that out of the 23 independent variables examined, only 8 variables including observing the technical principles of growing operation, observing ethical beliefs, observing managerial competencies, observing the basic/generic competencies, the method of preparing the planting bed, the number of extension-training courses, the method of preparing the terrace and the planting operation, and the experience in greenhouse cultivation could maximally differ between successful and unsuccessful managers of greenhouse cucumber production Units in order of priority based on focal correlation coefficient.Explaining the Distinctive Professional Competencies Performance of Greenhouse Managers Production units in Southern Khorasan Province Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        154 - Enterprise Resource Planning Selection based on a Preference Voting and Data Envelopment Analysis
        Mohhamad Reza Shahriari
        10.30495/ijdea.2022.68959.1176
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        155 - Evaluate the efficiency of municipalities in rate of issuance demolition and renovation permits A Case Study: Municipalities of Tehran City
        Vajiheh Torkian Mehrzad Navabakhsh
        10.30495/ijdea.2022.66793.1155
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        156 - Consolidated Technique of Response Surface Methodology and Data Envelopment Analysis for setting the parameters of meta-heuristic algorithms - Case study: Production Scheduling Problem
        Seyed Esmail Najafi Reza Behnoud
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        157 - Evaluation of the Analgesic and Sedative Effects of Pethidine (meperidine)with Xylazine in the Horse
        Pouyan, M., Ozmaie, S., Sakha, M., Asghari, A. .
        A variety of analgesic and sedative agents are available, and which one can be used in horses is a highly controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and sedative effects and effect on vitalsigns and probable side effects of ad More
        A variety of analgesic and sedative agents are available, and which one can be used in horses is a highly controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and sedative effects and effect on vitalsigns and probable side effects of administered pethidine with xylazine in the horse. Ten healthy mix breed horses 2-8 years of age, weighing 250-350 kg were randomly divided into two groups. A treatment group received combination of pethidine (2 mg/kg, IM) and xylazine (0/2 mg/kg, IV). The second control group received a saline placebo (1ml/45 kg bwt, IV). Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were recorded. The records were averaged for the fifteen minutes’ intervals to 6 hours after injection. Analgesia was assessed with pin prick in the tail and perineal region. Data were analyzed statistically by two way of analysis of variance (ANOVA) using repeated measurements and Duncan’s multiple range tests to determine significant differences using P0.05) above baseline in the treatment group at 30 and 60 minutes after injection. Rectal temperature decreased from baseline values in treatment group at 15minutes after injection. The lowest recorded rectal temperature in the treatment group was 35.92 ± 0.3at 15 minutes and returned toward baseline in treatment groups 30 minutes after injection. Respiratory rate in the treatment group significantly decreased following administration at 15 and 30 min compared with the control group. Results of this study showed that parenteral administration of pethidine with xylazine is fast-acting and effective sedation in animals are created while pethidine it is not effective for analgesia and side effects from this combination is acceptable and does not cause any danger to the animal. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        158 - The Internet & Pet Health: case study of online health information seeking behavior of pet owners
        Niloufar Solhjoo Nader Naghshineh Fatemeh Fahimnia
        Objectives: The Internet has become a major source of health information and potentially offers many benefits to both human health and companion animal health. Pet keeping has been accepted as a new phenomenon in Iran, and people who feel responsible and attached to the More
        Objectives: The Internet has become a major source of health information and potentially offers many benefits to both human health and companion animal health. Pet keeping has been accepted as a new phenomenon in Iran, and people who feel responsible and attached to their pets seek information about pet’s healthcare. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the online health information seeking behavior of pet owners in Iran.  Methods: A random sample of pet owners who were referred to Aran veterinary clinic in Tehran, Iran was evaluated using a Kogan et al. (2012) questionnaire on pet health information behavior on the Internet. Results: Most clients use the Internet to look for pet health information, including subjects such as behavioral and nutritional issues, nutrition and diet, and health and disease prevention. They consider the Internet as a complementary source to veterinarians and consult with vets to assess the accuracy of the information they had found. Pet health information on the Internet has influenced owners understanding of pet health, increased their ability to talk with the vet, and help them with pet health related decision making process.  Conclusion: Considering the online health information seeking behavior of pet owners and its impact on veterinary services, recommendations have been made, including cooperation between information specialists and veterinarians. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        159 - The Concept of Faith from the Viewpoint of Mohammad Ghazzālī and Martin Luther
        احسان شکوری نژاد قربان علمی
        In Islamic and Christian theology faith is defined as an inner assent.This assent, as a divine grace, grants to man's heart the hope of beingblessed in this mundane world and eternal happiness in the Hereafter.As a result, man loses his selfishness and submits his desir More
        In Islamic and Christian theology faith is defined as an inner assent.This assent, as a divine grace, grants to man's heart the hope of beingblessed in this mundane world and eternal happiness in the Hereafter.As a result, man loses his selfishness and submits his desires to God'swill and commands, moreover, when he reaches a higher place, God’swill would be manifested in his all existential aspects. MuhammadGhazzālī and Martin Luther, as two influential Islamic and Christianthinkers, look at faith as such. By referring to their theological works,this essay reaches the conclusion that according to them faith is aninner assent which is given to man’s heart as a divine gift and grace. Inthis respect both thinkers have a common view. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        160 - Max Müller and the Science of Religion
        مهدی لک زایی
        The scientific study of religions commenced with the attempts of theinfluential scholars of 19th century such as Max Müller. These studieswere naturally different from what theologians said about religions.Max Müller can be regarded as one of the founding fath More
        The scientific study of religions commenced with the attempts of theinfluential scholars of 19th century such as Max Müller. These studieswere naturally different from what theologians said about religions.Max Müller can be regarded as one of the founding fathers of the"science of religion", but the science was also indebted to CorneliusPetrus Tiele, whose attempts brought about new outcomes in thestudies of religious phenomena.This article surveys the viewpoints of Max Müller. By emphasizingthe experimental approach in the study of religion, Müller decided touse comparative method in this field. Max Müller devoted his life tothe study of classical Indian religious documents, the comparativestudy of religious history and myth, and the publication of the religioushistory of the world. He was an expert Sanskritist and mythologist; buthis innovative theories about mythology have not been accepted byother scholars working on religions. Nevertheless, his scientific andexperimental standpoints about myths and the origin of religion drewthe attention of scholars for many years. His theory about origination ofHinduism from myth, particularly his solar mythology, was stronglycriticized by many scholars. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        161 - Investigating the effect alcoholic extract of Nepeta crispa on the antioxidant activity and microbial and sensory properties of doogh
        A. Haseli R. Pourahmad M. R. Eshaghi P. Rajaei B. Akbari-Adergani
        10.30495/jftn.2022.68863.11214
         Introduction: Due to the richness of nutrients, especially at ambient temperature, doogh is prone to contamination with some microorganisms, which causes changes in the product flavor and its bloating during storage. Therefore, the use of natural antimicrobials su More
         Introduction: Due to the richness of nutrients, especially at ambient temperature, doogh is prone to contamination with some microorganisms, which causes changes in the product flavor and its bloating during storage. Therefore, the use of natural antimicrobials such as Nepeta crispa exract to increase doogh shelf life while increasing its marketability can be important. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Nepeta crispa alcoholic extract on the qualitative properties of doogh.Materials and Methods: The compounds of Nepeta crispa extract were identified using GC-MS. Antioxidant activity, physicochemical (pH, acidity and viscosity), microbial (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus count) and sensory (taste, odour, texture and overall acceptance) characteristics of doogh containing different concentrations of Nepeta crispa extract (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml) were investigated during storage. ANOVA and Duncan test were used for statistical analysis.Results: Thymol (53%) was the most identified compound in the extract of Nepeta crispa. The MIC of Nepeta crispa extract against E.coli and S.aureus was 2.5 and 1.5 mg/ml, respectively. The MBC of the extract against E.coli and S.aureus was 5 and 3 mg/ml, respectively. During storage, by adding plant extract, the acidity and viscosity of the samples increased and the pH decreased. Increasing the concentration of the extract increased the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of doogh. The sample containing 2.5 mg/ml extract had the highest overall acceptance score, therefore, this sample was selected as the best treatment.Conclusion: Nepeta crispa extract has antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and might be used as a natural preservative in doogh. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        162 - Investigating the Awareness of Food and Beverage Consumers Regarding the Types of Packaging
        mohammad mahdavi mazdeh nima fakhim hashemi
        Introduction: Foods and beverages are usually packed in glass, metal, multi-layered paper and plastic containers. Nevertheless, during recent decades, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers have been increasingly used for packing not only beverages but also foods.C More
        Introduction: Foods and beverages are usually packed in glass, metal, multi-layered paper and plastic containers. Nevertheless, during recent decades, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers have been increasingly used for packing not only beverages but also foods.Considering the importance of this issue that has a direct relationship with human health and bioenvironmental issues, this research is concerned with consumers' awareness in respect of advantages and disadvantages of packing types of foods and drinks. Moreover, the criteria for appropriate packing were investigated from consumer’s viewpoint.Materials and Methods: The applied tool of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire, that was prepared considering the ideas of the experts of this field along with structured interviews and the reliability was confirmed by the experts of this industry.Results: The results of the present work indicated that, although a large number of consumers are relatively aware of the disadvantages of PET containers, but it is inevitable not to use them.Conclusion: Lightness, ease of use, non-fragility, availability and inexpensiveness along with being the sole option in the market were some reasons for more usage of PET containers as compared to other packing containers. In terms of drinking water (mineral water) and beverages, lack of any other alternative products was the main reasons for using these containers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        163 - Effectiveness of Green Transformational Leadership under Human Resources Sustainable Competency of Golestan Oil Company
        Ehsan Shahhosseini Mahmudreza Mostaghimi Samere Shojaie
        10.22034/jest.2021.62719.5475
        Background and Objective: The Purpose of this research is evaluating the effectiveness of green transformational leadership under the human resources sustainable competency of Golestan Oil Company by Intuitive fuzzy sets. Material and Methodology: This research is a de More
        Background and Objective: The Purpose of this research is evaluating the effectiveness of green transformational leadership under the human resources sustainable competency of Golestan Oil Company by Intuitive fuzzy sets. Material and Methodology: This research is a developmental research in terms of purpose, because of the lack of a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of green transformational leadership under a sustainable human resource competency system in previous research, based on meta-analysis in the first step, an attempt was made to identify components as analytical basis for research and themes as decision variables. Then, in order to explain the identified components and themes, in a small part, Intuitive Fuzzy Sets (IFSs) was used to determine the most effective dimension of green transformational leadership based on the most important theme of sustainable human resource competence. In this study, the target population consisted of two sections: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, with the help of 15 experts and experts in the field of human resource management at the university level, an attempt was made to identify research components, components and propositions in the form of scores. In the quantitative sector, 21 middle managers of the oil company in Golestan province participated to evaluate the quantitative sector analyzes. Findings: The results showed that, despite the participatory competencies of human resources, the most important dimension of green transformational leadership is the effectiveness of opportunity. Discussion and Conclusion: In fact, the result of this study reflects the fact that the participatory competence of human resources strengthens the level of interoperability and communication within the organization in the field of decision-making on environmental issues and problems and it strengthens the dimension of effective opportunity in transformational green leadership to create more ideas and support for human resource innovations in the field of green operations in the oil company. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        164 - Assessment Competitiveness Social and Environmental of urban (Case study: provinces of the country)
        Hossein Nazmfar Ali Eshgi Saredeh Alavi
        10.22034/jest.2019.10823
        Introduction: Now competitiveness is a central issue in the world and the use of it, as a tool, is mentioned to achieve sustainable development. Many researchers consider the economic competitiveness equals success, but urban competitiveness should be examined from a br More
        Introduction: Now competitiveness is a central issue in the world and the use of it, as a tool, is mentioned to achieve sustainable development. Many researchers consider the economic competitiveness equals success, but urban competitiveness should be examined from a broader perspective on aspects of economic and non-economic aspects in addition to the stress of urban life. Due to the vacuum in the field of research aimed at evaluating and ranking states are conducted with an emphasis on social and environmental dimensions. Material and Methods: This study uses 36 indicators of social and environmental dimension to urban competitiveness evaluation techniques using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). Methods the study population consisted of descriptive analysis of all the provinces in 1390. The models used to analyze the data and SAW HAVE eventually integrated Kandrst technique and competitiveness was divided to 5 groups can be very high, high, moderate, low and very low. To find the coefficients of each indicator used is the Shannon entropy. Results and Discussion: Based on Kandrst mode, the provinces terms of social and environmental indicators of urban competitiveness, there are wide differences. So that the difference between Tehran Province (ranked first) with a score of 30 and Semnan (bottom) with a score of 25, was too high (55) and this gap is caused by an imbalance in land use. Final ranking shows that Tehran, Tehran, Khuzestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Isfahan and Khorasan Razavi is very high competitiveness and regions in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer, Ardabil, Yazd, Golestan, Semnan Bakhtiari and competitiveness can be very low. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        165 - Identification of Native Bacteria of Soil Contaminated with Oil Compounds in Mahshahr Petrochemical Special Economic Zone
        sana rasuli Morteza Kashefi Alasl Reza Marandi Mozhgan Emtiazjou Mozhgan Zaeimdar
        10.22034/jest.2020.35538.4246
        Background and Objective: The spread of soil oil pollution in the present era due to the use of fossil fuels in industrial areas has adverse effects on human and the environment. In this study we identified native bacteria from oil-contaminated soils to be used to reduc More
        Background and Objective: The spread of soil oil pollution in the present era due to the use of fossil fuels in industrial areas has adverse effects on human and the environment. In this study we identified native bacteria from oil-contaminated soils to be used to reduce hydrocarbon contaminants. Method: First, in order to identify and isolate native bacteria in the region, sampling of soils contaminated with petroleum compounds was done in six stations located in Mahshahr Petrochemical Special Economic Zone. Bacterial growth was performed in neutrite broth liquid media. Neutrite agar medium was used to culture bacteria and achieve single colony in solid medium. DNA was extracted to identify bacterial species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Soil physical and chemical properties were measured to estimate the conditions of the area according to the standard method. Findings: The results of isolation and growth of bacteria and purification, and finally polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing indicated the presence of two bacterial species in six different stations with a similarity of more than 95% according to the global ranking. According to the results, the percentage of TPH removal in the field by Peseudomons Aeruginosa and Bacillus Nakamurai was 53.50% and, 33.05%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion:  Due to the ability of these species to remove TPH, they can be suggested as suitable native species for this region in the removal of contaminated soils.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        166 - Determination of the Optimum Plot Size to Study the Spatial Patterns of Juniperus Excelsa Trees (Case study: Atashgah, Karaj)
        Vahid Alijani Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi Manouchehr Namiranian Reza Akhavan
        10.22034/jest.2018.19723.2857
        Background and Objective: In recent years, new methods have been developed for analyzing spatial pattern of trees, and for verifying the spatial pattern, they need to complete map of spatial location of these trees. The use of these methods depends on study scale in a w More
        Background and Objective: In recent years, new methods have been developed for analyzing spatial pattern of trees, and for verifying the spatial pattern, they need to complete map of spatial location of these trees. The use of these methods depends on study scale in a way that changes in study scale cause changes in spatial pattern. In this regard, present study aims to determine the optimum area of sample plots to quantify the spatial pattern of Juniperus Excelsa M. Beib. In southern facing slopes of Alborz mountains. Method: A plot with area of six hectares was selected and spatial pattern of trees were evaluated by using g(r) function. In next step, area of plot decreased to five, four, three, two, and one hectare and spatial pattern of trees were determined by using g(r) function and were compared with six hectare plot. Findings: The results of this function indicates regular spatial pattern in trees distances to four meter, cluster pattern at distances of six to ten meter, and random pattern shows in other distances. The results of comparing figures of g(r) functions in different area showed that the overall trend of this functions almost constant up to three hectares. Hence, in this study the appropriate area is achieved three hectares. Discussion and Conclusion: It should be noted that in structure studies to determine the best area of plot could reduce time and costs while increasing the precision of the study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        167 - The Study of Mercury Bio-availability in Sediments of Petrochemical and Ja'fari, Bandar Imam Creeks
        sedigheh aghabacki aloghareh sedigheh battaleblooie hakemeh amanipoor kamran gerayesh
        10.22034/jest.2020.28123.3704
        Background and Objective: Due to high mobility and toxicity of mercury in environment and also high accumulation of mercury in food chain, it is important to understand and predict human exposure and ecological risk assessment of mercury. The purpose of this study was t More
        Background and Objective: Due to high mobility and toxicity of mercury in environment and also high accumulation of mercury in food chain, it is important to understand and predict human exposure and ecological risk assessment of mercury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the total concentration of mercury and its bio-availability in sediment of Petrochemical and Ja'fari creeks. Method: In the present study, 27 sediment samples were collected from the sampling sites. Digestion was employed in sample digestion followed by analysis using MOOPAM. Samples were analyzed and determined for mercury concentrations by Mercury Analyzer model VM-3000 MERCURY VAPOR MONITOR. Sediments were further investigated for mercury fractions using a three step sequential extraction procedure of BCR. Results: The concentrations of THg in sediment samples with a minimum of 2.19 and maximum of 45.71 and average of 23.9 milligram per liter show that area is contaminated with mercury according to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration standard. Discussion and Conclusion: The sequential extraction procedure showed that most Hg in the sediments was largely bound in exchangeable phases. Therefore it can't be exchanged between water and sediment under the physicochemical conditions with alkaline pH. The mercury which bound to exchangeable phase can easily desorb and adsorb by sediments. High content of mercury was in station close to chloral alkaline factory and with distance, Hg concentration was decreased. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        168 - Reducing the emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Process Equipments in petrochemical industry using the LDAR program
        majid esmaeili keivan saeb
        10.30495/jest.2021.47364.4823
        Background and Objective: Developing of petrochemical industry has increased the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released to the environment and has caused to reduce air quality and to increase global warming and also serious problems for public health. The More
        Background and Objective: Developing of petrochemical industry has increased the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released to the environment and has caused to reduce air quality and to increase global warming and also serious problems for public health. The main objective of this research is to determine and reduce the amount of VOC compounds in oil, gas and petrochemical industries.Material and Methodology: In this study, the LDAR program which its results are based on the use of two analyzers equipped with PID detector and infrared camera was used. The EPA-21 method was also used to determine the leakage of compounds.Findings: The total amount of leakage potential was estimated to be 727.401 tons per year, considering all equipment, while the calculated emission components were precisely measured to be 320.16 tons; by doing the LDAR program these leakages were eliminated.Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of estimating the emission of pollutants from EPA in the selected petrochemical unit, it was found that the condition of the studied unit is much better than the global average, it should be noticed that valves and fittings have the highest contribution in VOCs emissions. Regarding the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the proper implementation of the LDAR program will not only reduce VOC emissions and improve the economic situation but also reduce costs and produce a better and cleaner product.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        169 - Analysis of the Physical-Spatial Resilience Pattern Affected by Environmental Hazards in Tehran Metropolis (Case study: Comparative Analysis between of Regions 2 and 12)
        Karim Hosainzadeh dalir elahe bigdeli Bakhtyar Ezatpanah
        10.30495/jest.2023.66753.5657
        Background and Objective: In Academic literature has recently emphasized that why urban resilience is different from urban sustainability. Urban policymakers, on the other hand, use the terms almost interchangeably. In this study by analyzing the pattern of physical-spa More
        Background and Objective: In Academic literature has recently emphasized that why urban resilience is different from urban sustainability. Urban policymakers, on the other hand, use the terms almost interchangeably. In this study by analyzing the pattern of physical-spatial resilience; Factors affecting environmental hazards such as earthquakes, subsidence, etc. are studied in areas 2 and 12 of Tehran. Material and Methodology: This study is an applied research that has been done with case-analysis method and quantitative approach. Due to the nature of the data is descriptive. To achieve the objectives of research and analysis of physical-spatial resilience pattern affected by environmental hazards in Tehran metropolis including subsidence and earthquake, the dimensions studied in 13 indicators including base price (square meters), material, construction year, building age, building skeleton, number of floors , Degree of concentration or dispersion of residential land use, grain size, permeability, total area of ​​uses (green and open space) and area of ​​residential land use in spatial and physical part) and (degree of concentration or dispersion of population, residential clusters and open and green spaces for population based The majority of residents in the neighborhoods were extracted for the geographical direction of population distribution in the social sector (based on land use studies of the current situation). To evaluate and analyze spatial and social patterns, the colonial competition algorithm in Matlab a2019 software environment and to spatialize the studied indicators, the method (Tracking Analyst Tools) in the network analysis process (Network Analyst Tools) in ArcGIS software environment has been used. Findings: Due to the location of District 12 in the historical context and the concentration and density of the population in the focal axes with regional performance, it shows more vulnerability. In relation to the criteria of population density, granulation as well as the skeletal condition of buildings; Overall, Zone 2 shows a better situation. Although the population density in both zones is the same despite the larger population and size of Zone 2, it shows lower resilience due to the flood of floating population visiting and living in Zone 12. Discussion and Conclusion: Due to the erosion of buildings and low space permeability, the pattern of spatial distribution of the population and the factors affecting the physical-spatial ruptures in Zones 2 and 12, the results show that the pattern of distribution and fracture rupture in neighborhoods are different in Zone 12. Indicates a more unstable situation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        170 - Thermodynamic and Environmental Simulation and Analysis of Tehran Petroleum Refinery Power and Steam Plant
        Mohammad Hasan Khoshgoftar Manesh Mohammad Tolami
        10.22034/jest.2021.28021.3724
        Background and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulat More
        Background and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulation and thermodynamic and environmental analysis of Tehran refinery power and steam plant have been studied. Method: In this regards, two scenarios for performance improvement of steam and power system have been proposed for Tehran refinery. Thermodynamic simulation of each main component has been performed in Matlab Environment. To verification of simulation results, Thermoflex and Star software have been employed. Also, Sima Pro software has been used for estimation of environmental impacts based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Findings: Results show the accuracy of the thermodynamic simulation is very high. The power of steam turbines has been increased by 8.87 % in the second and third scenarios. Also, the environmental impacts have been reduced 16 % in second and 60% in third scenarios. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the proposed scenarios and optimization of Tehran Refinery steam network, the efficiency of the network increases energy consumption and production of pollutants is significantly reduced. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        171 - Prediction of Ecological Succession of the Beech-Hornbeam Stand (Case study: Kheyrood forest, Nooshahr Province)
        Mahdi Kakavand Khosro Sagheb-Talebi Kiomars Sefidi Mohammadreza Abdoli Mohamad- Reza Marvi- MOHADJER Moeteza Moridi
        10.30495/jest.2020.35897.4279
        Background and Objective: Dynamics of Forest communities, before the climax stage, are very high, and small changes in the conditions of the stands would result in sudden responses such as dominant species changing or increasing the number of accessory species in the ac More
        Background and Objective: Dynamics of Forest communities, before the climax stage, are very high, and small changes in the conditions of the stands would result in sudden responses such as dominant species changing or increasing the number of accessory species in the accessory stand. This study aims to predict the sequence of the beech- hornbeam stand toward beech stand in the semi-virgin forest Hyrcanian of northern Iran.Material& Methodology: After field studies, three sample plots with an area of ​​one hectare (100 × 100 m) were selected, which included hornbeam-beech type (middle stage type of Hyrcanian forest sequence). At first, four species turbulence factors, the ratio of number of seedlings to mother rootstocks, the percentage of abundance of dry matter and the indices of diameter and height differentiation in the sample plots were measured.Findings: Layering Charts of species indicate the conspicuous presence of beech in the understory of three stands with 61.3 percentage on average. In addition, the average number of proportion of seedlings to the number of mother trees in beech and hornbeam were are 30.1 and 2.3, respectively. The highest percentage of dead trees’ (67%) frequency in the plots is related to Hornbeam species. The results of the TDi and THi indexes charts, with averages of 0.13 and 0.1, respectively, demonstrate a dramatic competition between beech and hornbeam.Discussion and Conclusion: Through the measuring of the competition in natural stands and combining results with other factors such as stage and seedling frequency and layering in the stand indicate that beech would be likely to be replaced by hornbeem. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        172 - Map of radionuclide distribution and assessment of absorbed dose and nuclear contamination on the Miankala Peninsula in the north of Iran
        Reza Pourimani Seyed Mohsen Mortazavi Shahroudi Roshanak Ghorbani
        10.30495/jest.2023.69296.5743
        Background and objective: The study, to assess the level of environmental radiation and to obtain the impact of the development of industry, including petrochemicals, on the formation of nuclear pollution, the specific activity of radionuclides, and the amount of absorb More
        Background and objective: The study, to assess the level of environmental radiation and to obtain the impact of the development of industry, including petrochemicals, on the formation of nuclear pollution, the specific activity of radionuclides, and the amount of absorbed dose were measured in the Miankaleh peninsula in the north of Iran, south-east of the Caspian Sea. Material and Methodology: 43 samples were collected from the north and south coasts of the Miankala peninsula, including 13 bottles of water and 30 bags of sediments, and the specific activities of radionuclides in the samples were determined using a high-purity germanium detector. The distribution map of radioactive elements was made using GIS software. Findings: The average specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in sediment samples were 18.17±1.62, 16.21±1.36, 266.28±9.45, and 2.61±0.27 Bqkg-1, respectively, and the average specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in water samples was 0.78±0.12, 5.39±0.75 and 17.89±1.79 Bqkg-1, respectively. The average absorbed dose rate in air was calculated as 28.73±1.91 nGyh-1. Discussion and Conclusion: The specific activity of natural radionuclides was calculated to be lower than the global average. The amount of dose absorbed in this area is within the permissible limit. The average radioactive concentration in the water samples of the southern shores of the Miankala peninsula is higher than its northern shores, which are adjacent to the Caspian Sea. However, the concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the northern coastal sediments is higher than that of the southern coasts. The concentration of 137Cs is higher on the southern coast of the Miankala peninsula, which located in a dry area, due to the lack of water flow. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        173 - Interpretive Evaluation of Green Audit Quality in Presence of Sustainable Reporting Readability Themes of Capital Market Companies
        Javad Faramarz Yahya Kamyabi Javad Ramezani
        10.30495/jest.2022.61263.5414
        Background and Objective: The high content of information in reporting has an important effect on the formation of stakeholder decision-making approaches at the level of represented markets. The readability of financial reporting as a content mechanism, while developing More
        Background and Objective: The high content of information in reporting has an important effect on the formation of stakeholder decision-making approaches at the level of represented markets. The readability of financial reporting as a content mechanism, while developing a level of effective interaction between the firm and stakeholders, reduces the gap in expectations between the firm and auditors. The purpose of this research is Interpretive Evaluation of Green Audit Quality in Presence of Sustainable Reporting Readability Themes of Capital Market Companies. Material and Methodology: This research is methodologically developmental in the result section and mixed in terms of data type. In this study, in order to identify the components (Green audit quality functions) and research propositions (content themes of Sustainable Reporting Readability), a combined analysis was used with the participation of 15 accounting experts at the university level. In the quantitative part, the components and propositions identified in the form of matrix questionnaires were evaluated by interpretive rating by 20 financial managers of capital market petrochemical companies. Findings: The results showed that, in the presence of a social theme as an effective reference for the readability of financial reporting, the development function is considered the most desirable basis in improving the quality of green auditing. Discussion and Conclusion: In fact, this result shows that, since developmental functions in environmental auditing as an institutional strategy in the hands of the governing body and higher institutions such as the Securities and Exchange Commission; The Court of Audit and other specialized organizations, the existence of disclosure of discretionary information based on social mechanisms in the financial statements helps the auditor to provide more reasoned reports on the development capabilities of the company in the environmental sector and through the effectiveness of the audit Environmental requirements were promising. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        174 - Nonlinear affect in Competitiveness and Firm Innovation by Environmental Policy Stringency; testing the Porter's Hypothesis
        omidali adeli yazdan goudarzi ali akbar ebrahiminejad
        10.22034/jest.2021.50262.4965
        Background and Objective: One of the most prominent hypothesis in environmental economics is the Porter hypothesis. The Porter hypothesis argues that more stringent environmental policies can actually have a net positive effect on the competitiveness of regulated firms More
        Background and Objective: One of the most prominent hypothesis in environmental economics is the Porter hypothesis. The Porter hypothesis argues that more stringent environmental policies can actually have a net positive effect on the competitiveness of regulated firms because such policies promote cost-cutting efficiency improvements, which in turn reduce or completely offset regulatory costs, and foster innovation in new technologies that may help firms achieve international technological leadership and expand market share. Given the importance of this hypothesis to policymakers and firms, many studies have been conducted to prove or disprove this hypothesis. Material and Methodology: in this study, we used panel smooth transition regression for 25 OECD members during 2000-2015. Findings: the results indicated that the weighted indicator of environmental policy stringency in linear and nonlinear part of the model had positive and significant effects on increasing the number of selected environmental technologies. The coefficient of variation was estimated to be 0.142 in the linear part and 0.213 in the nonlinear part. The speed of transition between the two regimes of weighted growth index of environmental policies, according to the estimated transition parameter, is 3.17. Discussion and Conclusion: Analysis of results shows that when the weight index growth of environmental policies is low, the severity of the impact of independent and control variables on the number of selected environmental technologies will vary. Given the experience of developed countries, improving the state of the legal system and property rights, increasing official and state aid for environmental development, and increasing state funding for environmental research and development can play an effective role in improving competitiveness and enhancing enterprise innovation.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        175 - Effect of retention time and temperature on the efficiency stabilization ponds in treatment of petroleum wastewater
        Abdollah Dargahi Meghdad Pirsaheb Mohamadtaghi Savadpoor Mortaza Alighadri Mehrdad Farookhi
        Biological treatment method is one of the best and most cost-effective methods for the treatment ofcontaminated wastewaters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of retention time andtemperature on the efficiency of stabilization ponds in removing organi More
        Biological treatment method is one of the best and most cost-effective methods for the treatment ofcontaminated wastewaters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of retention time andtemperature on the efficiency of stabilization ponds in removing organic compounds, N-NH3 and PO4from oil refinery wastewater.Materials and Methods:The method used in the present study was of an experimental type, in which an anaerobic stabilizationpond with dimensions of 1 × 0.2× 1 m and a laboratory scale facultative pond with the capacity of 400L were designed, set up and operated, using fiberglass sheet with a thickness of 6 mm. In this study,the hydraulic retention time of 2 and 5 days for anaerobic pond and 5 and 10 days for facultative pondwere set in both hot and cold temperatures. Then, N-NH3 and PO4 parameters were measured at thewavelengths of 425 and 690 nm respectively. Also, TCOD, SCOD, TBOD, SBOD and pH of sampleswere measured according to the standard methods for water and wastewater tests.Results and Discussion:These results indicated that the retention time and temperature had a significant effect on theefficiency of stabilization ponds, so that the efficiency of anaerobic and facultative stabilization pondsin the removal of organic compounds was significantly increased with the increase of retention timeand temperature (p<0.05). The maximum removal efficiency for COD, BOD, N-NH3 and PO4 wasobtained to be 93.31, 93.66, 88.15 and 73.17 % respectively (at the retention time of 5 days ofanaerobic and 10 days of facultative and hot temperature), and the minimum removal efficiency for1-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Khalkhal Medical, Ardabil University ofMedical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran2-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University ofMedical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran3- Department of Nursing, School of Khalkhal Medical, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran4-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of MedicalSciences, Ardabil, Iran5- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Alborz University of MedicalSciences, Karaj, IranJ.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 16, No.2, Summer 2014153the same parameters was obtained to be 41.47, 40.55, 34.26 and 22.46% respectively (at the retentiontime of 2 days of anaerobic and 5 days of facultative and hot temperature). Also, the single algaavailable in the facultative pond was formidiom and it was able to grow in high concentrations ofsulfur.The results of this study showed that the pilot-scale stabilization ponds in hot temperature, if operatedproprly, have the ability to remove organic compounds with a high efficiency. However, in coldweather, its efficiency is low but in acceptable level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        176 - Effect of Meteorological Parameters on Accident Rates in Petrochemical Industries
        Nabiollah Mansouri Elham Farsi
        Background and Objective): In this research the effectiveness of weather and climate parameters in incidence of accidents in the petrochemical industry was studied and management strategies to prevent these events have been presented. Method: Two of the petrochemical co More
        Background and Objective): In this research the effectiveness of weather and climate parameters in incidence of accidents in the petrochemical industry was studied and management strategies to prevent these events have been presented. Method: Two of the petrochemical companies, one of them in Assaluyeh (named Zagros, located in warm climates) and the other one in Tabriz (in cold climates) were selected for pilot study. The required data were collected by questionnaire, interview and walking through under study fields. The analyses of data have been done by Excel, SPSS software and Correlation statistical test.  Findings: Climate parameters don’t have a directly impact on the petrochemical occupational accidents and there is no significant relationship between them. Discussion and Conclusion: The role of climatic parameters in the incidence of accidents in the petrochemical industry is indirect. In fact, the thermal stress in the first stage caused unsafe conditions and then unsafe behavior, and finally cause human error and occupational accidents. In this study, appropriate solutions for instance engineering or managerial measures are also suggested in order to prevent accidents and injuries. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        177 - Investigating the removal of xylene from water by ZnO nanoparticles as an adsorbent for petroleum
        Behnaz Salehi amir hesam hassani Homayon Ahmad Panahi Seyed Mahdi Borghei
        10.22034/jest.2018.13253
        Background and Objective: Considering the adverse environmental effects and irreparable damages of the chemicals in petroleum compounds, e.g. benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, to living organisms, the efficient removal of these pollutants have received much mor More
        Background and Objective: Considering the adverse environmental effects and irreparable damages of the chemicals in petroleum compounds, e.g. benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, to living organisms, the efficient removal of these pollutants have received much more attention to be improved through innovative methods for enhancing the efficiency and impact of removal processes. In this study, the removal of xylene from aqueous solution by modified zinc oxide nanoparticles was investigated. Method: In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and modified by a four-stage method. The removal of xylene as a toxic petroleum hydrocarbon from aqueous solution by nanoparticles was evaluated. Batch experiments were conducted at room temperature to evaluate the optimum conditions such as the effect of pH, contact time and zinc oxide concentration. Findings: It was found that the optimum adsorption condition can be achieved at pH=6 and contact time of 25 min. Moreover, the percentage of xylene adsorption increased with the increase in concentration of modified zinc oxide nanoparticles. Discussion and conclusion: This study showed that the modified zinc oxide nanoparticles could be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of xylene from aqueous solution.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        178 - Ammonia removal from effluent using isolated native bacteria from Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries effluent
        Mehdi Gowdini Hatam Godini Farhad Salimi
        10.22034/jest.2017.11068
        Background and purpose: Ammonia-Nitrogen is considered one of the environmental pollutants, these pollutants have high concentrations in petrochemical effluent specially, Ammonia and Urea plants. In this study, biological methods using native bacteria consertium isolate More
        Background and purpose: Ammonia-Nitrogen is considered one of the environmental pollutants, these pollutants have high concentrations in petrochemical effluent specially, Ammonia and Urea plants. In this study, biological methods using native bacteria consertium isolated from petrochemical industry has been used for nitrate and ammonia removal. Methods: This study has been carreid out in batch mode and the effects of initial concentrations; pH and retention time has been investigated. The initial concentrations of 3×108 CFU/ml of nitrifier and denitrifier bacteria has been used. An initial ammonia and nitrate concentrations of 50-200 mg/l         as well as the retention time 3-168 hours and  also pH 5,6,7,8 and 9 were studied. Finding: The results showed that the native bacteria isoated from petrochemical industry with a population of 3×108 CFU/ml in pH 8 were able to remove ammonia and nitrate with a initial concentrations of 200 mg/l with 99.5% efficiency in a retention time 4 days for nitrifier, and 6 days for denitrifier bacteria. Discussion and conclusion: The isolated native bacteria had a powerful effect in the nitrification and denitrification processes, so effluent ammonia can be removed with high efficiency by isolated native bacteria, and needs for environmental standards can be applied for effluent discharge.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        179 - Application of Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) in Evaluation of Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) Hazards (Case Study: Oil Storage of National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company)
        Iraj Mohammadfam Ali Kianfar
        An extensive hazard identification of petroleum industries as part of a sound safety analysis is not only highly recommendable but often subject to official approval of construction by the national governmental authorities. Risk assessment and management techniques are More
        An extensive hazard identification of petroleum industries as part of a sound safety analysis is not only highly recommendable but often subject to official approval of construction by the national governmental authorities. Risk assessment and management techniques are used in industrial activities to diminish accident potential by the application of prevention or protection techniques to improve process safety. This project aims at introducing a preventive approach to process hazard identification and identifying, evaluating and control of Health, Safety and Environmental hazards in studied unit. For this purpose, Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) have been applied to an oil storage and process unit in Hamadan. The HAZOP is the most widely used of the various analysis techniques available, in part because this highly structured technique is easy to teach and well-suited for petroleum industry. 1180 hazards identified by completing the study. The results of research showed that 38.136% of identified hazard were unacceptable. The root cause of 31.35% was unsafe behaviors. Considering to catastrophic consequences of probabilistic accidents, the results emphasize on control of unacceptable hazards and recommends installing pressure switch and flow switch on the product receiving lines and conducting of regular and periodic HSE auditing plans. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        180 - Bio-Absorption of Lead by Isolated Bacteria from Petrochemical Waste water
        Bita Karim Salmani Mohammad Ali Amozegar Javad Hamedi
        Bio-absorption is presented as an alternative to traditional physicochemical means for removing toxic metals from ground water and wastewater. In this research 99 bacterial strains were isolated from three wastewater samples from one of Iran petrochemical industries. Ex More
        Bio-absorption is presented as an alternative to traditional physicochemical means for removing toxic metals from ground water and wastewater. In this research 99 bacterial strains were isolated from three wastewater samples from one of Iran petrochemical industries. Examination of these isolated for Pb2+ tolerance were carried out by using PYT agar medium containing different concentrations of      Pb (NO3)2  from 4 to 15 mM. The isolated KAH1, KAH2 and KAH3, had tolerance to Pb 15, 6.5 and 6.5 mM respectively. These high tolerant strains were selected and their ability of lead bio-absorption, were investigated by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The highest ability was observed in the strain KAH1 and this strain decreased Pb concentration from 80 mg/l to 44.4 and 48.2 mg/l after 48 and 96 hours incubation, respectively. The results of the experiments showed that bio-absorption was affected by the initial pH of the medium, initial metal ion and exposure time. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical characterizations of the strain with that of valid strains, the strain was tentatively identified as Bacillus sp. strain KAH1. The maximum Lead bio-absorption capacity of KAH1 isolate was determined to be 48.25 mg/g (97.67%) at pH 4.0 with 150 mg/l concentration in 4 hours equilibrium time Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        181 - The study of mercury bioavailability in sediments of petrochemical and Jafari, Bandar Imam Creeks
        Sedigheh Aghabaki Alooghareh sedigheh battaleblooie Hakimeh Amanipoor Kamran Gerayesh
        10.22034/jest.2021.17670
        Background and Objective: Due to high mobility and toxicity of mercury in environment and also high accumulation of mercury in food chain, it is important to understand and predict human exposure and ecological risk assessment of mercury.  The purpose of this study More
        Background and Objective: Due to high mobility and toxicity of mercury in environment and also high accumulation of mercury in food chain, it is important to understand and predict human exposure and ecological risk assessment of mercury.  The purpose of this study was to investigate the total concentration of mercury and it's bioavailabilty in sediment of Petrochemical and Ja'fari creeks. Method: In the present study, 27 sediment samples were collected from the sampling sites. Digestion was employed in sample digestion followed by analysis using MOOPAM. samples were analyzed and determined for mercury concentrations by Mercury Analyzer model VM-3000 MERCURY VAPOR MONITOR. Sediments were further investigated for mercury fractions using a three step sequential extraction procedure of BCR. Findings: The concentrations of THg in sediment samples with a minimum of 2.19 and maximum of 45.71 and average of 23.9 milligram per liter show that area is contaminated with mercury according to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration standard. Discussion and Conclusion: The sequential extraction procedure showed that most Hg in the sediments was largely bound un exchanable phases. Therefore it can not be exchanged between water and sediment under the physicochemical conditions with alkaline pH. The mercury which bound to exchanagble phase can easily desorb and adsorb by sediments. High content of mercury was in station close to chloralkaline factory and with distance, Hg concentration was decreased. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        182 - Efficiency of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in TPH Adsorption in Aqueous Solution (Case study: Naphthalene)
        sahere fazlollahi Amir Hesam Hassani Mehdi Borghei Hamidreza Pourzamani
        10.22034/jest.2017.11074
        Abstract Background and Objective: Oil pollution is a type of organic water pollution. The hydrocarbons constitute most of the petroleum composition. Most of the early aromatic hydrocarbons are naphthalene with two benzene ring which cause anemia and damage the retina. More
        Abstract Background and Objective: Oil pollution is a type of organic water pollution. The hydrocarbons constitute most of the petroleum composition. Most of the early aromatic hydrocarbons are naphthalene with two benzene ring which cause anemia and damage the retina. It is also toxic to plants and aquatic environment. The removal of this compound from water by multi-walled carbon nanotubes is reviewed in this study. Method: This experimental  study  was  done  in  a batch  system  to  investigate the effects of  variations factors such as contact time, naphthalene concentration and  dose of  nanotubes on removal of naphthalene. In this study, naphthalene concentration was determined during various steps using UV-vis spectrophotometer at 254 nm. Findings: Maximum surface adsorption of naphthalene onto multi-walledcarbon nanotubes was 33.3 mg/gr and the maximum adsorption occurred at acidic pH (pH =3). And the appropriate time for reaching the maximum adsorption rate of naphthalene and equalization state was 90 min. By increasing the adsorbent dose from 0.2 to 0.3 gr / l, removal efficiency of naphthalene solution with 10 mg/l initial concentration increased from 97% to 99.99%. By increasing naphthalene initial concentration from 3 to 10 mg/l, the removal efficiency increased from 73.33% to 99.99 % at pH=3 after 90 min. Adsorption mechanism followed pseudo first-order kinetics (R2=0.96). Discussion and Conclusion: This  adsorbent  could  be  effective  for  removal  of  naphtalene due  to its small  size, large surface area , crystal  shape  and  exclusive  network  arrangement  and  consequently  very  high reactivity and noticeable performance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes as adsorbent in removal of organic  pollutants  from  aqueous  solution. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        183 - Identification and classification of Maroon Petrochemical Company Olefin Unit special residues based on BAZEL Convention Method
        Zahra Moavi Forozan Farrokhian
        10.30495/jest.2022.10310
        Background and Objective: Technology fast growth, attaining to production new processes, replacement artificial materials with natural fiber and thousands synthesis of materials kind and chemical compounds, lead to increasing much amount of industrial wastes and in some More
        Background and Objective: Technology fast growth, attaining to production new processes, replacement artificial materials with natural fiber and thousands synthesis of materials kind and chemical compounds, lead to increasing much amount of industrial wastes and in some cases it  has leaded  to producing dangerous solid and liquid residue. Accordingly, the aim of this research is identification and classification of residues and consumer chemical identification and classification of residues and consumer chemical materials in Maroon Petrochemical Company Olefin Unit. Material and Methodology:  Method in this research includes library studies and field observations from Olefin Unit and finally residues classification was based on Basel Convention. Findings: Studies showed that unit has 18 non-dangerous and 9 dangerous residues all those have identified on solid, semi solid, and liquid phase. The most non- dangerous residue belongs to wastage flea with 60 tons and the least was cloth element with 0.144 in year. Also, the most dangerous residue belongs to heavy oil with 144 tons and the least was petroleum with 1 ton in year. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, by 1.900.000 tons in year of consumer raw materials for producing of product in Olefin Unit, there was 323.9 tons of dangerous residue production in year. It is suggested that the performance of the olefin unit should be controlled according to the designed conditions and the catalysts and absorbents in the unit should be replaced with better types with a longer useful life. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        184 - Liquidity Risk Management in Modern Interbank Payment Systems
        rassol khoshbin Farzin Rezaei Mohammad Ali Rastegar
        In this study, in order to measure the liquidity risk in interbank payment systems, the time series of daily data balances of an Iranian bank's payment systems from 01/01/94 to 31/5/98 and then We examined stationary time series with Dickey Fuller and Philips Peron test More
        In this study, in order to measure the liquidity risk in interbank payment systems, the time series of daily data balances of an Iranian bank's payment systems from 01/01/94 to 31/5/98 and then We examined stationary time series with Dickey Fuller and Philips Peron tests and compared the expected value and risk value of payment systems data with the historical method and compared with the Pareto method. The results of the Kopik and Christofferson tests showed that Pareto's generalized approach to better manage banks' liquidity risk is better than historical method based on daily data of payment systems. The bank can then provide liquidity management operations to manage the liquidity risk in the payment system Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        185 - Comparative Analysis of the Financial Regime of New Petroleum Contracts, Known as IPC, and Buyback Trade in Terms of Costs
        Alireza Hasanalizadeh ali zarea mahdi montazer
        One of the key components of contracts is the associated charges. This paper studies types of costs in buyback and the new petroleum contracts for the first time. Buyback contracts are financially comprised of capital expenditure, non-capital expenditure, project’ More
        One of the key components of contracts is the associated charges. This paper studies types of costs in buyback and the new petroleum contracts for the first time. Buyback contracts are financially comprised of capital expenditure, non-capital expenditure, project’s financing cost, operating cost and remuneration. The most important difference between the new petroleum contracts and the buyback contracts is the longer duration of the new petroleum contracts as well as the presence of the contractor during the period of operation. The financial structure of these contracts is comprised of government revenue and oil cost and the oil cost is comprised of direct capital expenditure, indirect cost, cost of money, operating cost and remuneration. Unlike the buyback contracts, direct capital expenditure in the new petroleum contracts has no specified ceiling from the outset and it is determined on an annual basis in consideration of the behavior of reservoir and market conditions (inputs). Cost of money has been provisioned in the new petroleum contracts for project financing and this item is defined in the buyback contracts as “bank charge”. In contrast to the buyback contracts in which all direct and indirect expenses incurred by contractor were subject to interest, in the new petroleum contracts, only indirect expenses and delay in repayment of expenses on due date are subject to interest. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        186 - New Customer Oriented Banking: Approaches, Challenges and Patterns
        Seyed Ali Jalali Nazari Kambiz Heidarzadeh Hamid Reza Saeednia
        As an industry operating in the money market, banks and banking have gone through a paradigm shift due to the digitalization of business. Thus, the industry has to pay attention to potential and actual customers for sustainability in the age of the digital economy. This More
        As an industry operating in the money market, banks and banking have gone through a paradigm shift due to the digitalization of business. Thus, the industry has to pay attention to potential and actual customers for sustainability in the age of the digital economy. This has led it to be considered as one of the knowledge and professional topics in studies.In this study, the researcher focused on the issue of new customer-oriented banking. Accordingly, he concentrated on approaches and challenges aimed at identifying components effective on the banks' customer orientation such as their confusion using the in-depth interview approach. Ultimately, an appropriate model was presented as the outcome.Based on summarizing the research results, out of the total identified factors resulting from axial coding, a limited number of factors like the competitiveness of banks had a significant impact in this regard. Hence, banks may need to pay attention to such factors and invest in them to strengthen the durability of their activity, profitability, and value-creation. Moreover, reducing the customer’s confusion was found to be an effective factor in competitiveness.Keywords: New Banking, Digital Economy, Investment, Banks’ Competitiveness, Customer-Orientation, Customers’ Confusion. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        187 - Ranking of Competitive Power Components in Tejarat Bank Using Fuzzy TOPSIS Technique
        Siamak Jafari narges Delafrooz Kambiz Shahroodi Yalda Rahmati
        امروزه یکی از مهمترین مشکلات پیش روی سازمان‌ها، عدم توجه آنان به عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه توان رقابتی بوده و اغلب سازمان‌های داخلی، رویکرد مشخصی جهت سنجش این متغیر ندارند. بنابراین شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه توان رقابتی، رتبه‌بندی و تمرکز بر مهمترین اجزای آن، می‌تواند بر مو More
        امروزه یکی از مهمترین مشکلات پیش روی سازمان‌ها، عدم توجه آنان به عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه توان رقابتی بوده و اغلب سازمان‌های داخلی، رویکرد مشخصی جهت سنجش این متغیر ندارند. بنابراین شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه توان رقابتی، رتبه‌بندی و تمرکز بر مهمترین اجزای آن، می‌تواند بر موفقیت حال و آینده سازمان‌ها تاثیرگذار باشد. در این تحقیق، مدلی برای سنجش توان رقابتی بانک تجارت ارائه و شاخص‌های آن، با استفاده از تکنیک تاپسیس فازی رتبه‌بندی شدند. ابتدا از طریق مصاحبه با خبرگان بانک تجارت، مدل اولیه تحقیق در سه بعد اصلی قابلیت‌های درونی سازمان (شامل مؤلفه‌های قابلیت‌های مالی، تکنولوژیک، مدیریتی و بازاریابی)، هوشمندی بازار (شامل مؤلفه‌های ایجاد هوشمندی و پاسخ به هوشمندی) و بازاریابی رابطه‌مند آنلاین (شامل مؤلفه‌های کیفیت تعاملات آنلاین، کیفیت محتوای وب‌سایت و کیفیت خدمات الکترونیک) به دست آمد. در ادامه با بکارگیری تکنیک تاپسیس فازی، شاخص‌های مدل رتبه‌بندی شدند که درنهایت «مهارت کارکنان در انجام امور محوله»، «توسعه فناوری‌های موجود» و «سودآوری» نیز به عنوان مهمترین شاخص‌های توان رقابتی انتخاب شدند. ضمن اینکه منابع ورودی نیز به‌عنوان مهمترین بعد انتخاب شد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        188 - Explaining the role of personality and structural characteristics of management on the competitiveness in the market of products of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange: Emphasis on data mining models and data envelopment analysis
        Amir Faridnia Mohsen Lotfi Behrooz Eskandarpoor
        This study the effect of a set of personality and structural characteristics of management (including short-sightedness, optimism, conservatism, independence, gender diversity of the board, stability and ability of management) on competitiveness in The market of product More
        This study the effect of a set of personality and structural characteristics of management (including short-sightedness, optimism, conservatism, independence, gender diversity of the board, stability and ability of management) on competitiveness in The market of products of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange has been discussed. This study uses a sample of 144 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2007-2007 and using statistical methods such as data envelopment analysis, regression model based on panel data and Data mining methods (neural network model and decision tree) have been performed. Findings of regression methods showed that among the studied variables, short-sightedness, board independence, stability and management ability had a significant effect on competitiveness in the products market. Comparison of the results of regression methods and data mining models showed that among the characteristics of management, only the variables of short-sightedness, ability and robustness of management had a significant effect on competitiveness in the market of products of companies Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        189 - Investigating the models of the impact of different types of cash flows from the differentiation strategy and cost leadership with emphasis on the capital structure
        Mahsa Moradi Mehrdad GhanbarI
        In the capital structure, there is a necessity and thematic importance for the scientific expression of the impact of strategy and capital structure on the company's cash flows. Tehran securities and exchange in the period 2013 to 2018, which were extracted and analyzed More
        In the capital structure, there is a necessity and thematic importance for the scientific expression of the impact of strategy and capital structure on the company's cash flows. Tehran securities and exchange in the period 2013 to 2018, which were extracted and analyzed as a sample by the method of systematic deletion of information of 139 companies. The statistical method used is the combined data method and the regression models were fitted with Eviews software. The results of hypothesis testing show that cost leadership and differentiation strategies have a significant effect on different types of cash flows by considering capital structures. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        190 - Competitiveness of Iran's Power Industry
        RASOUL SATTATI karim emami jaz teimor mohammadi
        Competitiveness is a key measure for assessing the degree of success of firms in the fields of economic and commercial competition. The Pansra Ross model is used to measure the degree of competition and compare it in recent decades, using the above model. In addition, e More
        Competitiveness is a key measure for assessing the degree of success of firms in the fields of economic and commercial competition. The Pansra Ross model is used to measure the degree of competition and compare it in recent decades, using the above model. In addition, economic indicators are used to analyze the macroeconomic status of a country and determine the status of a country. Industry and organization are used in their field of activity and among other competitors at the micro level. On the other hand, productivity is a key source of national development and survival of companies in the marketplace and determines the level of competitiveness. In this study, the Panzaros model was used to rank the companies active in the electricity industry of Iran. The main purpose of this research is to estimate the competitiveness of the electricity industry firms using and finally the ranking list based on competitiveness. By combining different approaches, using power plant statistics and financial information and summarizing the opinions of relevant industry experts on key components in the model design industry. Thus, using this model information, the electricity industry firms and the designed model identify the industry's best (most competitive) and the other firms are appropriately indexed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        191 - Evaluating the Long-Term Performance of Commercial Banks Based on the Sustainable Competitive Advantage Approach with Emphasis on the Role of Management Efficiency: An Approach Based on Comparing Public and Private Iranian Banks
        hamid sadjadi mohsen hamidian ali esmaelzadeh
        The performance of the organization and ultimately its value is improved through activities that increase the critical factors of success. Managers with higher efficiency seem to seek to increase high performance and then maintain a stable competitive advantage among th More
        The performance of the organization and ultimately its value is improved through activities that increase the critical factors of success. Managers with higher efficiency seem to seek to increase high performance and then maintain a stable competitive advantage among their competitors, and it is expected that management efficiency can affect the relationship between long-term bank performance and sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, based on this argument, the purpose of this study is to provide a model for evaluating the long-term performance of commercial banks based on the approach of sustainable competitive advantage with emphasis on the role of management efficiency. The research hypothesis was tested using a sample consisting of 23 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1390 to 1397 and using a multivariate regression model. The obtained data were analyzed using Ives 10 software. Findings indicate that the identified factors evaluating the long-term performance of commercial banks such as financial performance (economic value added) and profitability indicators (Kyoto, return on assets and return on equity) affect the bank's sustainable competitive advantage. Also, management efficiency as a moderating role affects the relationship between long-term performance appraisal of commercial banks (economic value added, Kyoto, asset returns and equity returns) and the bank's sustainable competitive advantage. On the other hand, due to the fact that the rate of coefficients obtained from private banks is higher than state-owned banks, so in order to increase management efficiency, it is recommended that banks move towards privatization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        192 - Developing supply chain businesses and increasing competitive advantage and performance by investing in blockchain technology
        Seyedeh Sama Alyasin ZAHRA POORZAMANI Farzaneh Heidarpoor
        The purpose of this paper is to show how investing in blockchain technology and its application can improve supply chain characteristics (adaptability, regulation and agility) that will overall increase competitive advantage, which in turn will affect company performanc More
        The purpose of this paper is to show how investing in blockchain technology and its application can improve supply chain characteristics (adaptability, regulation and agility) that will overall increase competitive advantage, which in turn will affect company performance. The analysis method was structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS) in a sample of 246 accountants working in Tehran stock exchange companies and accounting professors. The results of the present study show that blockchain technology can improve the supply chain (compatibility, alignment, and agility), which leads to competitive advantage, which in turn leads to better company performance. The present study shows that blockchain technology will help to improve supply chain parameters. These findings, in addition to enriching the theoretical literature on the subject, can help companies to develop and promote blockchain-based information technology applications for competitive advantage and better performance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        193 - applying Imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) for construction and optimization Portfolio
        Ali Morovati Sharifabadi Shirin Azizi Nastaran Ahmadi
        Markowitz optimization problem and determining Efficient frontier of investment  when the number of asset invested and restrictions on the market is low, is solvable with mathematical models. But when the real world restrictions is considered , the portfolio proble More
        Markowitz optimization problem and determining Efficient frontier of investment  when the number of asset invested and restrictions on the market is low, is solvable with mathematical models. But when the real world restrictions is considered , the portfolio problems cannot be easily solved with mathematical methods. For this reason, the use of innovative techniques such as neural networks, genetic and evolutionary algorithms in optimizing Algorithm portfolio is one of the main topics of discussion in recent times. The main goal of this research is to solve the portfolio optimization problem using optimization Imperialist competitive algorithm. Therefore, using price data of 30 stocks in all listed Automotive parts in the Tehran Stock Exchange from farvardin 1388 to shahrivar 1390, the graphs are plotted. Results of this study show that the optimization Imperialist competitive algorithm in the formed of a portfolio will be successful. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        194 - Presenting an Integrated Management Model for Electronic Supply chain of Product and its Effect on Company’ Performance (Case Study: National Iranian South Oil Company)
        Seyed Hamzeh Khorram Nasab Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Mohammad Reza Shahriari Mani Sharifi
        The purpose of this study is to present an integrated management model for electronic supply chain of product and its effect on the National Iranian South Oil Company. Present study based on the purpose is an applied type and based on the nature is a descriptive - corre More
        The purpose of this study is to present an integrated management model for electronic supply chain of product and its effect on the National Iranian South Oil Company. Present study based on the purpose is an applied type and based on the nature is a descriptive - correlation type. The population under study consisted of all employees of National Iranian South Oil Company that 512 subjects were selected as sample. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and factors load. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using three methods of content validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity at partial least squares.Data analysis was performed using structural equations and partial least squares methods in SmartPlus software. The results showed that the proposed model is product fitted and the significant effect of integrated management for electronic supply chain and competitive advantage was confirmed on the performance of the National Iranian South Oil Company. But, the effect of the risk of electronic supply chain on the company's performance was rejected. Also, the results of moderator assumptions showed that competitive advantage affects the relationship between integrated management for the electronic supply chain and the performance of the National Iranian South Oil Company, but the risk of the electronic supply chain does not have a moderating role in this relationship. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        195 - Identify the impact of free cash flows on the relationship between non-financial performance in product market and company's future capital expenditure
        Hamidreza Omourvand Zahra Pourzamoni
        One of the most basic factors of survival of a profit unit is market of its products. Also achieving excellence in the field of competition by companies depends on their ability to maintain capital assets. The purpose of This study focuses on analysis conditions prior t More
        One of the most basic factors of survival of a profit unit is market of its products. Also achieving excellence in the field of competition by companies depends on their ability to maintain capital assets. The purpose of This study focuses on analysis conditions prior to capital expenditures and also on study the matter that non-financial performance (NFP) of the state of product and product market (defect-free ratio, market share ratio, product market competition) can impact Check about companies’ financial investments. The study also describes the impact of agency costs (free cash flow) of companies on the relationship between the non-financial performance and the capital expenditures. The statistical sample includes 135 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the 2010 to 2014 years which have been selected by screening. The linear regression method and EViews software are used to study the research hypothesizes. The results of study indicate that there is a significantly relationship between the non-financial performance in the product market and the future capital expenditures so that the worse the current defect-free ratio and the lower the product market share ratio, the higher the future capital expenditures; And the higher the current product market competition, the lower the future capital expenditures. Also the results showed that the free cash flow doesn’t impact on the relationship between the non-financial performance in the product market and the future capital expenditures.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        196 - Investigation of Financial Advisors Competencies Role in Perceived Investment Value InTehran Stock Exchange
        Zahra Shirazian
        The most important microeconomic theory and theories of modern finance is that the value of the investment, to increase its profitability, rationality and perfect information, lies. But recent research shows that the value of the investment aspects and influenced by var More
        The most important microeconomic theory and theories of modern finance is that the value of the investment, to increase its profitability, rationality and perfect information, lies. But recent research shows that the value of the investment aspects and influenced by various factors, including the role of financial advisor. This study aimed to investigate the role of the financial advisor in the perceived value of investment necessary competencies investors Stock Exchange of Hamadan. This kind of study is one of few studies, surveys, applied and quantitative and cross-sectional. The study population active investors in the Stock Exchange of Hamedan have been an infinite number randomly and without replacement sample of 387 members selected from among them. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire and field data collection. In order to analyze the data structure based on partial least squares path modeling methods were used. The results showed that the competencies necessary financial advisor significant impact on the perceived value of investments of investors. As well as direct evidence of a positive impact and ethical competencies, technical and financial advisor on the perceived value of the investment was emotional. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        197 - A classification model of factors affecting application of corporate venture capital strategy: An Interpretive Structural Modeling approach
        Hossein Ghazanfari Seyed Hamid Khodadad Hosseini Asadolah Kord Naeij Adel Azar
        In many cases, Internal R&D cannot follow the changes in the organization’s turbulent environment with the sufficient pace. So the companies in such markets have to complete their internal R&D activities with external development strategies. Use of corpora More
        In many cases, Internal R&D cannot follow the changes in the organization’s turbulent environment with the sufficient pace. So the companies in such markets have to complete their internal R&D activities with external development strategies. Use of corporate venture capital as an external development strategy is growing among large Iranian companies. In this research, we are going to propose a classification model of factors affect the application of corporate venture capital strategy in Iranian companies.  Data has been gathered through interview to experts and Literature review. Then factors have been Identified based on a content analysis. The built model in an ISM approach has been analyzed in a MICMAC.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        198 - The Impact of Political Connections on Stock Price Crash Risk with an Emphasize on Product Market Competition in Tehran Stock Exchange listed companies
        Jamal Bahri Sales Mohammadreza Ebrati
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of political connections on stock price crash risk in 110 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2016. To test the research hypotheses, the panel data model was used. In order to measure the s More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of political connections on stock price crash risk in 110 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2016. To test the research hypotheses, the panel data model was used. In order to measure the stock price crash risk, two indicators of the negative conditional return skewness and down-to-up volatility were used. The results showed that political connections has a positive impact on stock price crash risk. In the sense that executives show good face from position firms by hoarding bad news and, this behavior of managers in the long run will lead to a stock price crash. The companies also split through the advertising cost into two groups of companies with high and low information asymmetry, and the findings showed that the positive impact of political connections on stock price crash risk is more severe in companies with high information asymmetries.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        199 - The effect of capital structure on firm efficiency and product competitive market of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Bahram Korzbor Shadi Shahverdiani
        Many theorists of financial markets believe that capital structure has a significant impact on corporate efficiency and product competitive market. In this regard, the impact of capital structure on firm efficiency and product competitive market has been studied at Tehr More
        Many theorists of financial markets believe that capital structure has a significant impact on corporate efficiency and product competitive market. In this regard, the impact of capital structure on firm efficiency and product competitive market has been studied at Tehran Stock Exchange in the following research. Therefore, in order to examine the variables of capital structure, efficiency, and product competitive market, the ratio of financial leverage, method of data envelopment analysis, and herfindahl-hirschman index and Tobin’s Q index to be used respectively. On this basis, data of 92 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period of 2005 to 2012 was gathered and were studied by econometric models and regression method. The results show that capital structure has significant effect on efficiency and product market competition (According to the Tobin’s Q index) and The results show that capital structure has no significant  effect on product market competition (According to the herfindahl-hirschman index). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        200 - انتخاب سهام با روش ترکیبی تحلیل پوششی داده ها و الگوریتم رقابت استعماری
        F. Faezy Razi
        مقاله حاضرچهارچوب جدیدی برای ایجاد یک پرتفوی جدید از سهام ارایه می دهد . در این مقاله بحث می شود که چگونه یک پرتفوی بهینه ی سهام از طریق رویکرد حاضر در مقایسه با روش های قبلی طراحی می شود.در این مقاله ، پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر اساس الگوریتم داده کاوی چید بر مبنای معیار ر More
        مقاله حاضرچهارچوب جدیدی برای ایجاد یک پرتفوی جدید از سهام ارایه می دهد . در این مقاله بحث می شود که چگونه یک پرتفوی بهینه ی سهام از طریق رویکرد حاضر در مقایسه با روش های قبلی طراحی می شود.در این مقاله ، پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر اساس الگوریتم داده کاوی چید بر مبنای معیار ریسک تشکیل می شود.در مرحله ی بعد ، دومین پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر مبنای قواعد تصمیم استخراج شده بر مبنای مدل DEA-BCC ایجاد می شود.پرتفوی نهایی از طریق یک مدل برنامه ریزی دو هدفه مبتنی بر الگوریتم رقابت استعماری ایجاد می شود.متدولوژی ارایه شده از طریق یک مطالعه موردی در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران بکار گرفته شده است.نتایج الگوریتم چید بر مبنای فیلد خروجی ریسک نشان می دهد که تمام سهام های کاندیدا در یک کلاس قرار نمی گیرد و ضروری است که هر کلاس از سهام های کاندیدا در مقایسه با سایر کلاس های سهام به صورت مستقل مورد ارزیابی قرار بگیرد.نتایج بکارگیری الگوریتم رقابت استعماری در مقیاس های کوچک و متوسط بر مبنای روش تاگوچی نشان می دهد که سهام های مورد مطالعه در روش بکار گرفته شده کالیبره می باشد.بر خلاف سایر روش های انتخاب پرتفوی سهام ،این مقاله ابتدا سهام ها را از طریق الگوریتم چید طبقه بندی می کند . سهام های طبقه بندی شده در هر کلاس به طور مستقل از طریق مدل DEA-BCC موردارزیابی قرار می گیرد.در نهایت پرتفوی بهینه از طریق الگوریتم رقابت استعماری انتخاب می شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        201 - یک تجزیه جدید از کارایی هزینه بر اساس مجموعه های امکان تولید قیمتی و هزینه ای در فضای غیررقابتی در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
        رضا فلاح نژاد الهام رضایی حزاوه
        10.30495/ijim.2021.19052
        شناسایی منابع مختلف ناکارایی، نقش مهمی در تحلیل عملکرد با هدف توسعه برنامه‌هایی برای بهبود تصمیم‌گیری ایفا می‌کند. در این راستا نه تنها کارایی فنی، هزینه ای و تخصیصی را می توان با اطلاعات ورودی ها و خروجی ها و قیمت آنها تخمین زد، بلکه می توان زیان های ناشی از عدم سود، د More
        شناسایی منابع مختلف ناکارایی، نقش مهمی در تحلیل عملکرد با هدف توسعه برنامه‌هایی برای بهبود تصمیم‌گیری ایفا می‌کند. در این راستا نه تنها کارایی فنی، هزینه ای و تخصیصی را می توان با اطلاعات ورودی ها و خروجی ها و قیمت آنها تخمین زد، بلکه می توان زیان های ناشی از عدم سود، درآمد و هزینه بهینه را نیز بر اساس ناکارای های مربوطه محاسبه کرد.  مقاله حاضر قصد دارد تخمین جدیدی از کارایی هزینه و منابع تلفات در کارایی کل در یک محیط غیر رقابتی که امکان تغییر قیمت ورودی ها و خروجی ها از یک واحد تصمیم گیری وجود دارد، را ارائه دهد. در راستای مطالعات(Tone. K., Tsutsui, M. "Decomposition of Cost Efficiency and its Application to Japanese-Us Electric Utility Comparisons". Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 47 (2007), pp.91-106)و(Tone .K, "A Strange Case of the Cost and Allocative Efficiencies in DEA". Journal of the Operational Research Society 53, (2002), pp.1225-1231)مطالعه حاضر به دنبال معرفی منابع جدید ناکارایی و زیان های مرتبط با آنها توسط ارائه مجموعه های امکان تولید جدید مبتنی بر قیمت و هزینه می باشد.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        202 - New Artificial Intelligence Modeling for the Photocatalytic Removal of C.I. Acid Yellow 23 in ‎Wastwater
        F. Ganbary
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        203 - The Mediating Role of Green Supply Chain Management in the Relationship between Environmental Drivers and Sustainable Performance
        Seyed Javad Hashemi Goorab Mehrdad Hosseini shakib
        Background and Objective: Due to the growing importance of environmental issues in organizations, the present study investigates the impact of external pressures and internal impetus on organizational performance by considering the mediating role of green supply chain a More
        Background and Objective: Due to the growing importance of environmental issues in organizations, the present study investigates the impact of external pressures and internal impetus on organizational performance by considering the mediating role of green supply chain adoption and green procurement. Material and Methodology: This study is categorized as applied and descriptive. The statistical population of the study consists of managers and experts of Iran Khodro Industrial Molds Company, that number was 331 people. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula to be 178 people. For sampling, the available sampling method was used and data collection was done by a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using expert's opinion and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to data analysis, the structural equation modeling method (SEM) and Amos software have been used. Findings: Findings indicate that external pressures with the mediating role of green supply chain management adoption and green procurement have a positive significant effect on organizational performance. In addition, the effect of internal impetus on performance was confirmed by the mediating role of green supply chain management adoption. Discussion and Conclusions: Based on the findings, it can be said that the organization's actions to adapt to the environment and meet environmental requirements, is a way to differentiate from competitors. The use of a green supply chain, in addition to the organization benefits from the advantages of savings, can also maximize the profitability of the organization by creating innovation in the design and production of environmentally friendly products. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        204 - Assessing the Health, Safety and Environmental Risk of Ammonia and Urea Units Using the Integration of Shannon Entropy and WASPAS Based on Fuzzy Logic
        Farkhondeh Ebadzadeh Seyed Masoud Monavari seyed ali Jozi Maryam Robati razieh rahimi
        Background and Objective: Due to the scope and volume of activities, the petrochemical industry has a high potential risk to humans and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate and rank the health, safety and environmental risks caused by the ammonia and urea produ More
        Background and Objective: Due to the scope and volume of activities, the petrochemical industry has a high potential risk to humans and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate and rank the health, safety and environmental risks caused by the ammonia and urea production process. Material and Methodology: The Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) method was used for qualitative risk analysis and screening of the health, safety and environmental risks identified in the follow-up phase. The severity and probability of occurrence of risk factors were calculated using PHA tables, and the level of risks was determined. To rank the final risks, the criteria “severity,” “probability of occurrence,” “probability of detection,” and the “extent of contamination” for environmental aspects and the criteria “severity,” “probability of occurrence,” “probability of detection,” and the “exposure” were first weighed by the fuzzy Shannon entropy method. Then, each risk was prioritized based on the mentioned criteria and using fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS). Findings: According to the results, among 24 environmental aspects, CO2 emissions from the disposal tower with a value of 0.702 and among the 36 safety and health risks, falling from a height with a value of 0.713 have the highest score. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, suggestions were made to correct and mitigate the high-level risks. Also, the research results showed that using the multi-criteria decision-making technique in the fuzzy environment increases the study’s accuracy and facilitates access to the knowledge of experts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        205 - An investigation on PROMETHEE and ELECTRE outranking methods in environmental decision-making of oil and petrochemical industries
        Solmaz Amoushahi Farhad Nejadkoorki Sharareh Pourebrahim
        Nowadays one of the most important global issues is environmental problems that can cause harm to human and other organisms. This problem is caused due to various factors like pollutants and other environmental disturbances. Because of these factors we need to find stra More
        Nowadays one of the most important global issues is environmental problems that can cause harm to human and other organisms. This problem is caused due to various factors like pollutants and other environmental disturbances. Because of these factors we need to find strategies for solving such problems. One of the most important problems in the world is the pollution produced by different industries like oil industry that has a significant role in the nations economic and progress. There are many solutions and methods for surveying and mitigating the industries effects.Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) is one of these methods that order alternatives based on their importance. Ranking problems consist in rank ordering of all alternatives from the worst to the best, looking at their evaluations on the considered criteria.In present study two more important outranking methods (PROMETHEE and ELECTRE) were assessed and their advantages and disadvantages were surveyed. Also a study was done in Arak petrochemical industry by PROMETHEE method as an case study and construction phase alternatives were ranked by mentioned method.Case study investigation and review on other studies showed that the PROMEHTEE method because of some features like being easy to use, understandable, Ability to cope with uncertainty, importance the decision makers, ability of visual representation, validity and flexibility is more applicable than ELECTRE.So the suggested method can be applied for making environmental decisions and also oil and petrochemical industries that simultaneously deal with qualitative and quantitative data and uncertainty. The researchers hope that it would have desirable results Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        206 - Environmental Impacts of PET- PTA Petrochemical Industries (Case Study: Mahshahr Economic Special Zone)
        saeeid Malmasi seyed ali Jozi seyed masood Monavari elahe Jafarian Moghadam
        Petrochemical industries pollutants especially heavy metals affect human health and environment. In this study, impacts of poly ethylene terephthalate petrochemical industries in Mahshahr economic special zone are evaluated with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) by wei More
        Petrochemical industries pollutants especially heavy metals affect human health and environment. In this study, impacts of poly ethylene terephthalate petrochemical industries in Mahshahr economic special zone are evaluated with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) by weighting and synthesizing of health human and environmental damage criteria. In this region, main petrochemical industries are constructed close to fiords. Hence pollutants due to these industries have detrimental effects on fiords as most important ecosystem with high biodiversity. Health human damage evaluation is achieved by expressing the impacts of each pollutant on employee and local population health. Environmental damage assessment requires on intuitive expression pollutants density and environmental sensitivity. Finally nine main pollutants are evaluated according to the kind of studied petrochemical industry, TSS, Oil & Grease, COD, Heavy metals, SOX, NOX, CO2, H2S and PM. these pollutants are then compared to derive a environmental scores. Results indicate that water pollution is most important issue and TSS and Oil & Grease with 0.235, 0.326 scores from waste water discharged as highest priority should be controlled in studied area. Air pollution due to gaseous emission is second priority.    Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        207 - Repeat in the Masnavi Manavi and Sanaei’s Hadighat
        fereshteh yarmohammadi reza Haidari Nori Malek Mohammad Farrokhzad
        10.30495/clq.2022.1838913.1522
        One of the types of poetry music is internal music, which is more often seen as a repetitive phonetic. This type of music, along with rhymes and rows, is also semantically important in addition to helping to coordinate the phonetic verses. Scholars repeat for a variety More
        One of the types of poetry music is internal music, which is more often seen as a repetitive phonetic. This type of music, along with rhymes and rows, is also semantically important in addition to helping to coordinate the phonetic verses. Scholars repeat for a variety of reasons, such as focusing on an issue, showing its importance, and attracting audience feedback. Repetition has a variety of names that are arranged in verbal arrays: phonemes, puns, syllable repetition, word repetition, semantic network, Rad Alsdr Ala Al-Ajz, Rad Al-Ajar Ala Al-Sadr etc. In this study, with the aim of identifying the phonetic properties of Rumi’s Masnavi and Sanaei’s Hadighat, we examine the two effects in terms of the way of repetitions using the descriptive-analytical method, and we conclude that the repetition of the word is one of the important elements in these two works. The repetition of the word in the Masnavi is more purposeful and contributed to the semantic coherence and the longitudinal relations of the verses. Other types of repetitions include Repeating at the beginning of the sequence verses, repetitions from the beginning of hemistich, phonemes, semantic networks, syllable repetition, vowel repetition which also seen in Rumi’s Masnavi and Sanaei’s Hadighat, but in both of these works have been created in an artistic manner without any tricking. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        208 - A Comparative Study of the Musical Structure of Arabic and Persian Children's Poetry
        Javad Garjami adel azaddel Maryam Salimi
        Today, children's literature and poetry and its position in the collection of literary subjects, has attracted the attention of many writers and experts in this field. Creating pleasure from prose or poetry is the beginning of establishing a poet or writer relationship More
        Today, children's literature and poetry and its position in the collection of literary subjects, has attracted the attention of many writers and experts in this field. Creating pleasure from prose or poetry is the beginning of establishing a poet or writer relationship with the child. In the meantime, poetry is very attractive for children due to its musical structure and melodicity and creating listening pleasure. Children's poetry has a special position in terms of language, structure, weight and theme, and like other types of literature, it has certain structural components that distinguish it from adult poetry. In this article, in order to compare qualitatively, while analyzing its most important components, the position of children's poetry music in the formation of children's poetry language has been explained. Findings show that the musical structure of children's poetry as one of the important components of language, due to its objective and tangible presence has a great role in conveying the content of poetry to the child's audience and this can ultimately be the link between the child and the text. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        209 - The relationship between the behavior of the Jewish people and the maximum mention of the Israelites in the Qur'an
        abbasali alimohammadi Mahdi Afchangi sayyed reza mosavi
        10.30495/qsf.2022.1939402.2650
        AbstractThe personality traits, social structure and lifestyle of the Israelites have caused the life story of the Israelites to be one of the most frequent stories in the Holy Quran. It seems that God has seen the Jewish people as a religious nation as a suitable model More
        AbstractThe personality traits, social structure and lifestyle of the Israelites have caused the life story of the Israelites to be one of the most frequent stories in the Holy Quran. It seems that God has seen the Jewish people as a religious nation as a suitable model for the social education of Muslims and the building of the Islamic nation due to the various characteristics in the behavior and life of the Jewish people. Features such as "materialism and empiricism, belief in racial superiority over others, worldliness, unfair relationships with prophets, Jews lining up before the appearance of the last Prophet (PBUH)..." are among these characteristics. Considering the characteristics of Bani Israel, they can be considered as one of the most serious threats to the Islamic nation. The secret of repeating the story of the Children of Israel in the Holy Quran is that the Islamic community during the lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH) and after, should learn from the misfortune of the Jews and be freed from the prison of untruth and breach of promise so that they do not fall into sedition and divine punishment. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on library sources and interpretive and historical sources. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        210 - Provincial of the Messenger of Allah according to the Quran and hadith
        Hodaa salimi
        In this study, the analytical method based on the Quran and Sunni sources, Province of flexibility to examine how the Prophet (PBUH) in the provision of social welfare and human individual, and we attempted to investigate some of the events of early Islamic history of t More
        In this study, the analytical method based on the Quran and Sunni sources, Province of flexibility to examine how the Prophet (PBUH) in the provision of social welfare and human individual, and we attempted to investigate some of the events of early Islamic history of the Quran, firstly, the true defenders of those provinces that can be used as a template and the leader of the Muslims to obey and defend the privacy of the province to be introduced On the other hand those that are insensitive to this important refused, they are recognized. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        211 - The Effect of Imprisonment on Repetition Prevention Focusing Quranic Doctrines
        Mojgan Kasiri Iraj Goldoozian Davoud Karami
        Serious attention to problems and difficulties resulted of prison is vital and important which needs cooperation and collaboration of triple forces as well as society and the prisoner himself. Therefore the aim of all penal systems was and is to reduce imprisonment and More
        Serious attention to problems and difficulties resulted of prison is vital and important which needs cooperation and collaboration of triple forces as well as society and the prisoner himself. Therefore the aim of all penal systems was and is to reduce imprisonment and eliminating its fatal effects in recent years; acts and law legislation and various rulebooks, holding numerous seminars and frequent workshops are proofs. Thus the present research is compiled by the aim of studying the role of prison in preventing crime repletion emphasizing Quranic doctrines and the method is descriptive – analytical. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        212 - Using the term “Ummah” from the Linguistic View and Inclusion in the Holy Quran
        hossain shams abadi mehdi momtahen
        Abstract Use of language as a social phenomenon and a social life necessity, is a feature of socialized human. Linguistic studies in the Arab began to appear world with the revelation of the Quran. Terms are a part of language and to study the emergence, growth and tra More
        Abstract Use of language as a social phenomenon and a social life necessity, is a feature of socialized human. Linguistic studies in the Arab began to appear world with the revelation of the Quran. Terms are a part of language and to study the emergence, growth and transformation, meaning and function of words is a part of linguistic knowledge. In this research we aim to clarify the position of the Holy Quran as a unique phenomenon among other linguistic phenomena from the perspective of linguistics. Use of this term presents the widespread view of the Holy Qur'an and it is considered a miracle in style and text that is special to the Holy Qur'an. On this basis, from the perspective of linguistic we look at the linguistic competence of the Holy Quran and we will study the use of the word “Ummah” and the symbols of its superiority in terms of its obligations and duties, and acceptance by the people, and eventually great commentators. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        213 - The impressibility of Quran's Persian Contemporary Translations from Translation Basics
        Akhtar Sultani
        "Translation" is the easiest way to understand the Quran verses. This is enough to say that the translation of Holy Quran is more difficult than interpreting it. Basically the translator – or the one who intends to translate – should be familiar and know the More
        "Translation" is the easiest way to understand the Quran verses. This is enough to say that the translation of Holy Quran is more difficult than interpreting it. Basically the translator – or the one who intends to translate – should be familiar and know the special basics of translation. Special basics of translation are the principles and theories which the translator should determine his aim specifically. Thus it is understood that the translation principles are of high importance while it is prior on other issues. The present article initially tries to express the importance and necessity of translation and then studies special principles of translation such as the translation fact, paraphrasing in translation, cohesion and coherence in translation and attention to repetition in translation.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        214 - Reference books of verse 105 of Surah Anbiya commentators approaches
        Zahra Paydar Hamed Dejabad
        15th verse of 21th chapter of Quran (Anbiya) is one of verses speaking about the future of earth and its real inheritors and it is the promise of divine and religious government. According to this verse, there are several traditions which have been mentioned by Sunny an More
        15th verse of 21th chapter of Quran (Anbiya) is one of verses speaking about the future of earth and its real inheritors and it is the promise of divine and religious government. According to this verse, there are several traditions which have been mentioned by Sunny and Shiite commentators and differently typical specimens have been introduced so that these questions cross mind that from whom each documented tradition has been quoted and are they reliable? This study whose method is comparative one classifies and investigates reasons of sects and it is revealed by investigating all views that many sunny’s traditions are attributed to followers and accompany with many contradiction and opposition so that there is two different quotation from a follower in sunny’s books. But inheritors of earth are Imam Mahdi(12th Imam of Shiite) and His followers and the promise of inheriting the earth has been allocated the period of advent of Imam Mahdi according to verses’ substances, especially this verse and Shiite’s traditions and some traditions of sunny which accompany with Quran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        215 - Comparative Study of Translation Strategies Applied by Newmark in Quran Translation
        Marziyeh Khalili Zadeh Ganjalikhani Anahita Amirshojaei
        Quran is the first and even the best Arabic classic work. A literary masterpiece full of unique sense. Although the qualitative and quantitative progress of Quran translation could be seen during recent centuries, since the translations were all in prose and with specia More
        Quran is the first and even the best Arabic classic work. A literary masterpiece full of unique sense. Although the qualitative and quantitative progress of Quran translation could be seen during recent centuries, since the translations were all in prose and with special limitations of the target language, the translations weren't good mirrors to reflect Quran's eloquence and fluency. The present paper compares three existing translations (Ikhlas, Naas, and Falaq) by Muhammad Ali Habib Shakir, Abdullah Yusuf Ali and Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall in order to study the translation strategies based on Newmark's classification. The aim is to find the most frequent strategy (s) in translation and the most successful one (s) in transferring the correct meaning and concept. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        216 - Alliteration and Tone of Letters in Holy Quran
        Gholamreza Moeini Hadizadeh Mohammad Fazeli Reza Ashrafzadeh
        One of the most beautiful verbal rhetoric part of speech is alliteration which is frequently seen in Holy Quran and plays vital role in strengthening speech rhythm. Although many researches have been done on Quran’s rhetorics, no serious research to find out the a More
        One of the most beautiful verbal rhetoric part of speech is alliteration which is frequently seen in Holy Quran and plays vital role in strengthening speech rhythm. Although many researches have been done on Quran’s rhetorics, no serious research to find out the abovementioned figure of speech and its beauties in Quran. Other figure of speech based on alliteration repetition is “tone of letters”, although rhetoric scholars have not studied it as an independent figure of speech, its wonderful effect on beautifying and strengthening speech song can’t be ignored. This article – which is done with research – analytical method – tries to offer acceptable definition of “tone of letters” beside alliteration. Awesome samples of these two figures of speech in Holy Quran are introduced as well as some Persian examples. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        217 - The Love for the Nile in the Complete Works “Asda Al-Nil” by Abdullah Al-Tayyeb Al-Majzub
        Hussein Mohammadian
        You can find the name of Nile River in most of the poetic collections in Egypt and Sudan. The Beauty of this river occupies and captivates the mind of poets. Therefore the poets write their best poems especially about this river. Poems which have special style with a di More
        You can find the name of Nile River in most of the poetic collections in Egypt and Sudan. The Beauty of this river occupies and captivates the mind of poets. Therefore the poets write their best poems especially about this river. Poems which have special style with a divine structure, strong words, beautiful glossary and worthy concepts. One of the most famous man among the poets is Abdullah Al-Tayeb Al-Majzoob which named his poetic collections “the Echoes of the Nile”, because he Loved Nile River.     In his poems the Nile River changes its characteristic from emotional confine to the meaning horizon and it’s the symbol of strong will, and its dignity and honor lead to elation of the homeland. Therefore whisper of fondness to Nile in his poems shows poet’s interest to this river because this deep relation between them is arisen and developed from his childhood and has deep root in the love formed from inner and soul, and inspires a sense of calmness and security to him. That’s why we can say that the poet’s eagerness and appetite to Nile River is a sign of his kindness and enthusiasm to humanity, time and location and his soul is amorous to Nile and merged to his family and evidently he cannot escape from this infatuation. That’s why he is continually talking about Nile River in his poetic collection and so many odes and poems are adorned with this river name. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        218 - Jebran: Art & Life Literate in His Books and Literature
        Farhad Barati Asieh Ghavami
        One of Jibran's characteristics is that he had never stopped in his works. He had always been a modern and stylistic in contemporary literature and was unique in mystery, emotion and dreamy music. His works are full of eloquence and innovation. He has written many books More
        One of Jibran's characteristics is that he had never stopped in his works. He had always been a modern and stylistic in contemporary literature and was unique in mystery, emotion and dreamy music. His works are full of eloquence and innovation. He has written many books in various fields such as "the Prophet and the madman", "sand and foam", "broken wings" in which each discusses a nice story. He is a child of the beautiful Lebanese villages and was proud of his life style. Thus the abovementioned author was in journey since he was 12 and he had been returned to his hometown in a coffin. His fame was not limited to Lebanon and Middle East; it was worldwide. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        219 - Identifying validating and ranking the drivers of education to gain the competitive advantage of higher education centers
        Homeyra Paikhan, Afsaneh Zamanimoghaddam Reza Shabannezhad Khas,
        Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify, validate and rank the drivers of education to gain competitive advantage of higher education centers. Method: the combined research method is based on mixed exploratory research (text review - qualitative - validati More
        Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify, validate and rank the drivers of education to gain competitive advantage of higher education centers. Method: the combined research method is based on mixed exploratory research (text review - qualitative - validation - prioritization). In the qualitative section, the statistical population was faculty members and heads of higher education centers and experts in the field of educational management, in the accreditation section, faculty members and heads of higher education centers in Tehran, and in the prioritization section of higher and middle managers of higher education centers in Tehran. In the qualitative section, using the snowball sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation, an in-depth interview was conducted with 12 experts, in the validation section, with a targeted non-probability method, 20 experts were interviewed using a semi-structured and structured checklist in three rounds, a face survey. and in the prioritization section, 35 people were selected and answered the matrix questionnaire with the purposeful sampling method. In order to determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative stage, necessary checks including acceptability (expert review) and confirmability (re-review by experts), in the validation stage, review and review of the survey were used, and in the prioritization section, the content of the matrix questionnaire was The opinion of comprehensibility and expressiveness was confirmed by five academic and organizational experts and the rate of inconsistency of the criteria was calculated between 0.03 and 0.07. Qualitative data were analyzed with ground theory technique in Atlas software, validation data with Delphi technique in SPSS software, and prioritization data with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique in Expert Choice software. Findings: The results of the qualitative and validation section indicated that the paradigmatic model had 26 drivers, and the results of the prioritization section also indicated the greater importance of "outcome" and the "smart management and leadership" component. Conclucion: Considering the important role that higher education centers play in society and are trying to solve part of the country's problems; it is very important to pay attention to the factors affecting the acquisition of competitive advantage. The results showed that the explanatory factors of competitiveness are among the current needs of higher education centers to gain competitive advantage and successful performance in scientific fields. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        220 - Identifying the components of the model of professional competencies of educational managers of education organization
        Samaneh Astereki Hossein Mehrdad Moslem Ghobadiyan
        The aim of the current research was to identify the components of professional competence and provide a model of professional competence of educational managers of the second secondary education in Lorestan province.  The research method is applied according to the More
        The aim of the current research was to identify the components of professional competence and provide a model of professional competence of educational managers of the second secondary education in Lorestan province.  The research method is applied according to the purpose, mixed (qualitative-quantitative) according to the type of data, sequential exploratory, cross-sectional according to the time of data collection.   The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research was university professors, experts and experts in the field of educational management. To determine the samples of this research, a targeted non-random sampling method was used from 14 experts.  The statistical population of the quantitative part included all the educational managers of the second secondary school in Lorestan province, numbering 752 people. Using Morgan's sample size table, 254 people were selected as subjects.  The research tool is a 58-item questionnaire.  The validity of the quantitative tool was confirmed through construct validity, and its reliability was found in the range of 0.72 to 0.93 by calculating Cronbach's alpha.  The results of the research showed that the most important component of professional competence among educational managers of the second secondary course is supervision and guidance, knowledge management, evaluation, decision-making, planning, professional ethics, creativity and innovation, communication skills, negotiation skills, information literacy,  The use of new technologies in teaching, the skill of using information and communication technology, conducting research, conducting scientific and applied research, familiarity with teaching methods and techniques, and encouraging employees to teach are effective. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        221 - Designing the competence model of managers in the University of Medical Sciences
        seyed hosein madani mehri daraei amin rahimikia
        In an age of rapid change, new skills are required for changing roles in organizations. Competency models provide a tool for what is needed now and in the future. Competencies lead to the productivity and cost reduction of organizations. The role of health system manage More
        In an age of rapid change, new skills are required for changing roles in organizations. Competency models provide a tool for what is needed now and in the future. Competencies lead to the productivity and cost reduction of organizations. The role of health system managers in managing the healthcare service delivery system as best as possible has always been emphasized and the selection of the best people for this matter is considered. The purpose of this research was to design a competency model for managers. Finding the effective components in managers' competence was done with a qualitative approach, in which there was no predetermined framework such as theory or model, and this framework was designed based on the collected data. First, a relatively comprehensive understanding of the existing literature in this field was obtained through the study of previous research records, and based on this, a preliminary list of human resource factors affecting the competence of managers was completed and finalized using the Delphi method. For this purpose, 15 managers' competency experts were selected as an expert group using non-probability sampling method and a combination of targeted or judgmental and chain methods. They were analyzed using qualitative research method and Delphi model. The findings of this research led to the identification of 8 components including strategic thinking, perceptual skills, service management, communication skills, ethical considerations, responsibility, power of initiative, authority and independence of action. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        222 - Identifying and validating the Competence Components of Managers in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
        seyed hosein madani mehri daraei amin rahimi kia
        Purpose: The purpose of this research was to identify and evaluate the opinions of middle managers of the health system in units providing medical services regarding the importance of the proposed components for the competence model of health system managers. Method:Th More
        Purpose: The purpose of this research was to identify and evaluate the opinions of middle managers of the health system in units providing medical services regarding the importance of the proposed components for the competence model of health system managers. Method:The study population included all the health system managers in lorestan.the questionnaire were distributed among 385 people.The data were collected through the reserchers questionnaire which was used  to  assess the model  proposed  by  applying  library and field studies  (interviewing with   15   person of  health system managers` of iran).The  questionnaire  contains55  questions. It was validated  in terms of  construct validity and  Cronbach alpha was  used to  ensure its internal consistency   reliability.Inferential  statistics  and  LISREL software  was  used  to  analyze  the data  collected  from  the   questionnaire . Findings: The data were analyzed using qualitative research method and Delphi model. The findings of this study led to the identification of 8 components including Strategic Thinking, Perceptual Skills, Service Management, Communication Skills, Ethical Considerations, Accountability, Initiative, Authority and Independence. Conclusion: The results of this study can be useful model for managers' competence for the Ministry of Health and other institutions in which the competence of managers is of crucial importance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        223 - Presenting a model for the personal development program of organizational managers
        Mahdi Afshari nader soleimani Hamid shafizadeh
        Purpose: The purpose of this research was to provide a model of individual development program for organizational managers. Method: In this research, the researcher used the " Grounded Theory " method. The target population of the research consisted of all employees wo More
        Purpose: The purpose of this research was to provide a model of individual development program for organizational managers. Method: In this research, the researcher used the " Grounded Theory " method. The target population of the research consisted of all employees working in managerial and specialized positions of the National Bank of Iran group, which are 14,560 people in total. The required sample of the research was obtained by using two methods of "theoretical sampling" and "Snowball sampling" and finally selecting the number of 30 people as a sample. The research data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the research was evaluated and confirmed by using methods such as review by members, triangulation (three-way perspective) of data sources, review by colleagues and review by supervisors. In addition, in order to evaluate the validity of the research, the researcher also used the strategies of piti and Colleagues, Charmez, Lincoln and Guba and finally getting its approval was done. Findings: The results of the research data analysis indicated that the professional development program of National Bank managers in the form of 6 key dimensions (knowledge, attitudinal, communication, professional, leadership, spiritual competencies) as a central phenomenon, three Key dimension (individual level, organizational level and trans-organizational level) as causal factors, which at the individual level consists of 6 key components (motivation, willingness to learn, interpretability, passion for progress, leadership and challenging thinking), at the organizational level consists of 3 key components And at the extra-organizational level, they were involved in 3 key components. Also, the structural and content factors as the governing platform and the factors affecting the research strategies at three levels are introduced and finally the knowledge-oriented and skill-oriented strategies as the main strategies of the professional development program of the bank managers are announced and the most important consequences of the implementation of the research model strategies in the framework of 4 factors are introduced. and was counted. Conclusion: The personal development program model is a coherent and effective tool for the development of human resources and in alignment with the development of individual and organizational competencies needed by employees to realize their professional development. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        224 - Providing a human capital model in Education of Bushehr city
        Negar Zaeri Faranak Omidian Sepideh Jafari
        The current research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of human capital in education of Bushehr city. Research method in terms of practical-fundamental purpose; In terms of data collection method, it was descriptive-survey and in terms of data type, it was More
        The current research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of human capital in education of Bushehr city. Research method in terms of practical-fundamental purpose; In terms of data collection method, it was descriptive-survey and in terms of data type, it was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research included 20 education experts who were selected in a targeted way. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative part included all secondary school teachers in Bushehr, and 300 people were selected as a sample using Morgan's table and staged cluster sampling. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire, which was confirmed to be valid and reliable. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part was theoretical coding, and in the quantitative part, one-sample t-tests were used. The results of the research showed that the constituent components of providing the professional human capital model in education of Bushehr city included Cognitive abilities, communication/ethical competencies and metacognitive skills. Finally, a conceptual model was drawn for this research. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        225 - Comparative comparison of the components of professional competency models of professors in universities
        leila mosafer Farhad nejadirani Jafar Beikzad yahya Dadash karimi
        The purpose of this research is to systematically study the components of professional competence of faculty members in the universities. The research methodology is content analysis. For this purpose, by using thematic analysis techniques, the dimensions and components More
        The purpose of this research is to systematically study the components of professional competence of faculty members in the universities. The research methodology is content analysis. For this purpose, by using thematic analysis techniques, the dimensions and components of the professional competence of Iranian university professors were extracted from the scientific articles published in the journals. The studied population was all related research articles indexed in the ISC database, finally 29 articles were selected and analyzed. To check the validity of the research, the method of negotiation with peers was used, and to confirm its reliability, the method of checking the coding and the agreement of at least two researcher coders was used. In this order, after identifying and determining the articles, the two researchers simultaneously and separately extracted and named the desired codes. And then they confirmed the similar cases and reported the disputed materials with negotiation and agreement. After the completion of the report, the third person, while reviewing the complete process and especially its coding, confirmed it. The rate of coding agreement between two researchers was used using non-parametric statistics, and the Phi coefficient was reported as 0.89. Scientometric techniques and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. Analyzes were done in Excel and MAXQDA10. Scientific findings show that with the passage of time, the number of researches conducted on this issue has increased. A large number of articles have been published in the "Teaching Research" magazine, with the organizational name "Islamic Azad University" they have done more research on this issue, most of the research done with a few articles and the professional records of the professors of "universities" "Comprehensive" has been done. It has been done from other universities. The findings of the theme analysis indicated that there was a difference between the competencies of the professors of different universities. All universities share "individual/personal competences", knowledge competences, "educational competences" and "communication competences", while some universities have a series of specialized competences in addition to these competences. Comprehensive universities have the scope of "professional competences" of professors, and Farhangian, comprehensive scientific-work and industrial universities have reported the lowest number of professional competences. The conclusion that comes from the research is that the type and nature of competence of specialist professions is a type of university where the professors serve. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        226 - Analysis of the content of the sociology book of the second year of high school based on the amount of attention paid to the components of cultural competence
        مریم افضل خانی
        Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the content of the sociology book of the second year of high school based on the level of attention paid to the components of cultural competence. Method: The research method in this research is des More
        Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the content of the sociology book of the second year of high school based on the level of attention paid to the components of cultural competence. Method: The research method in this research is descriptive and content analysis type. The statistical population included all sociology textbooks of the second year of high school. Considering the nature of the research topic and due to the limited statistical population, sampling was omitted and the entire statistical population was considered as a sample. In this research, the unit of image analysis is question and activity, and Shannon's entropy method was used for data analysis. The validity and reliability of the research tool has been confirmed. Findings: The main findings of the research indicate that out of a total of 893 units for the components of cultural competence, individual competence, academic competence, religious competence and environmental competence, respectively, in sociology books of the second year, the importance coefficient is 0.2398., 0.2549, 0.2547 and 0.2518. The highest coefficient of importance in the content of the sociology textbook of the second year of high school is for the component "academic competence" (0.2549) and the lowest coefficient of importance is related to the component "individual competence" with the coefficient of 0.2398. Conclusion: The general result of the content analysis showed that although the characteristics of cultural competence have been paid attention to in the sociology textbooks of the second year of high school, but the amount of attention paid to the components of cultural competence in different courses is unbalanced. In some courses, very little attention has been paid to some components, and this leads to students not being aware of these components. Balanced attention to the components of cultural competence are different from each other. It is necessary that the current state of teaching the components of cultural competence is not comprehensive enough. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        227 - بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر رقابت‌پذیری شهری براساس مدل پیشنهادی Saez با تکیه بر مفهوم Coopetition (مطالعه موردی: شهر تهران)
        مریم خضرایی شولای فر زینب کرکه آبادی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        228 - Couples' principles sexual orientation change in shia jurisprudence
        Ahmad Moradkhani zahra memaryan
        Transexualism means change of female gender to male gender or change of male gender to female gender. The principles and the effects of transsexualism on person's religious matters are investigated according to shia'. In conclusion, the present gender of the person is t More
        Transexualism means change of female gender to male gender or change of male gender to female gender. The principles and the effects of transsexualism on person's religious matters are investigated according to shia'. In conclusion, the present gender of the person is the criterion for following religious matlers. The present matlers of the person is the criterion for following religious gender. If a person is changed to the femal gender, female's religious principles should be followed. Rgarding the positional principles, there are some rules.If the transsexual person got marrid, the previos marriage contract is null and invalid. Transsexualism from femal to male removes all female waitings and her husband has to pay her dowry; whether their sexual are before transsexualism or after it. If father or grandfather changes his gerander, it seems that his guardianship continues.When mother changes her gender to male, her guardianship and custody of her children will be invalid. After father's transsexualim, his paternity continues. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        229 - Study of the Relationship Jurisprudence and Ethics and comparing its with Islamic law
        زینب موسوی سادات سید محمد مهدی احمدی
        Some Muslim jurists believed that all various forces that are originated from some sources such as nature, reason, custom, competence and justice could obligate the rule and regulation of Islamic law. It seems that this phrase is not complete because first of all: the o More
        Some Muslim jurists believed that all various forces that are originated from some sources such as nature, reason, custom, competence and justice could obligate the rule and regulation of Islamic law. It seems that this phrase is not complete because first of all: the origins of religious orders is depended on the will of God and he would guarantee human happiness in this world and the hereafter based on the science and his favor , corruption and wisdom. So each human who has pure nature and common sense of course he could find out that obeying these regulation could guarantee his happiness in this world and the hereafter not anything else. Secondly: some sources that are mentioned in order to obligating legal rule of Islam as the total or separated, could not be able to obligate people so jurisprudence and ethics are placed in the practical wisdom area and some Islamic scholars have interpreted jurisprudence and ethics in the “trade” education and this field is included some sciences that learning them is needed for the act so the ethics is called as “Feghhe Akbar” and “Feghhe Asghar”. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        230 - Identification of Biosurfactant-producing bacteria in petroleum contaminated soils in the city of Borujerd
        Mohsen Mirzaei reza yari Morteza Cheloei
        Background and Aim: Biosurfactant is a material valuable in industries such as oil, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, health food, medicine and agriculture industries. The aim of this study was to identify native biosurfactant-producing bacteria in oil contaminated soils. Mate More
        Background and Aim: Biosurfactant is a material valuable in industries such as oil, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, health food, medicine and agriculture industries. The aim of this study was to identify native biosurfactant-producing bacteria in oil contaminated soils. Materials and Methods: Sampling of petroleum contaminated soils around the city of Borujerd was done. After dilution and the cultivation, a variety of bacteria isolated. By using multiple tests of specifying biosurfactant-producing bacteria such as hemolysis test in blood agar, emulsification index measurement, destruction of drops, expansion of crude oil, the amount of petroleum hydrocarbons have been parsed biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from other bacteria. The strongest biosurfactant-producing bacterial species were selected according to the screening tests and then was inoculated in Bushnell-Haas Broth medium with gasoline in a shaking incubator. After biosurfactant production and purification of the colony, to identify the genus and species of bacteria, a series of biochemical tests along with PCR of district 16 srRNA and sequencing were performed. Results: With multiple experiments it was found the bacteria produce a significant amount of biosurfactant. After DNA sequencing, in the software review was found that more than 97% genetic similarities is between the bacteria and Bacillus subtilis. Conclusions: Due to the abundance of the bacteria in soil and its ability to produce biosurfactant and extent of oil pollution in Iran, the bacteria can be easily used to eliminate environmental pollution. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        231 - Comparative anatomical study of leaf and petiole in three species of pear (Pyrus L.) in Guilan Province
        Nasibeh Dehghan Siavash Hosseini Sarghein Rashid Jamei
        Objectives: The aim of this study was comparing the anatomical characters of leaves and petioles of 3 species of pear (Pyrus boissieriana Buhse, Pyrus communis L, Pyrus hyrcana Fedor) in Guilan Province. Materials and Methods: In this study, for anatomical study of spec More
        Objectives: The aim of this study was comparing the anatomical characters of leaves and petioles of 3 species of pear (Pyrus boissieriana Buhse, Pyrus communis L, Pyrus hyrcana Fedor) in Guilan Province. Materials and Methods: In this study, for anatomical study of species, at first, plant samples were collected. Then the manual section was performed in the laboratory. Carmine staining was used in order to stain the samples. After staining, slides were prepared from the cross-sectional area. For observing the transverse sections of leaves and petiole, optical microscope equipped with a scaled lens was used. Then, the data obtained from anatomical characters were statistically analyzed. Results: Leaf and petiole thickness were different among three tested species. The highest midrib thickness belonged to p < /em>. communis (682±1.11μm). The lowest midrib thickness was observed in p < /em>. hyrcana (431.66±1.05μm). Anatomical characters are effective and important in species segregation. Therefore, anatomical characteristics in different plant species will be useful in terms of taxonomic classification.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        232 - Identification of volatile compounds and investigation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects of Tribulus longipetalus Viv
        Aliakbar Imani
        Objectives: The objective of the present study was to identify volatile compounds and investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects of Tribulus longipetalus Viv.Materials and methods: In this research, the Tribulus longipetalus Viv, which is an annua More
        Objectives: The objective of the present study was to identify volatile compounds and investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects of Tribulus longipetalus Viv.Materials and methods: In this research, the Tribulus longipetalus Viv, which is an annual herbaceous plant, has many branches, lies on the ground, and has stems with soft hairs. The geographical spread of this plant is in the long sand dunes of Aran and Bidgol deserts. Biological properties, including free radical scavenging activity, total amount of phenolic compounds, antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic properties were investigated. Since the whole plant extract showed a high level of inhibition in the saltwater shrimp cell toxicity test (nearly 70 μg/liter), in order to obtain the effective components, solvent extraction using a decanter funnel was on the agenda. The three obtained components of hexane, ethyl acetate and water were analyzed separately. Also, by using a polystyrene divinylbenzene chromatography column, the effective component with higher inhibition ability was isolated. Among the effective components, except ethyl acetate, it had a relatively high inhibitory power, which was identified with the help of Hplc device.Findings: Comparing the antimicrobial power of Tribulus longipetalusViv with antibiotics, showed that this plant has good antimicrobial properties. Also, considering that LC50 was determined as 70 μg/ml. This value indicates the good cytotoxic power of Tribulus longipetalus Viv. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        233 - A study of stylistic characteristic of "Focus" in Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar’s diaries and to come to know about an aspect of his personality accordingly along with a criticism of the non-specialized corrections of his works
        Nasim Mohammadi Ali Mohammad Moazzeni
        10.30495/dk.2021.1916857.2150
                 In this article, for the first time we have studied "Focus" and its various types as one of the most important and most frequently used stylistic features in Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar's diaries with a linguistic, literary a More
                 In this article, for the first time we have studied "Focus" and its various types as one of the most important and most frequently used stylistic features in Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar's diaries with a linguistic, literary and stylistic approach, along with a descriptive - analytical - statistical method. For this purpose, first we have shown the most important methods of "Focus" in speech in the form of a diagram, divided in two parts: Morphology and Syntax, by using the most important opinions of researchers and our personal efforts as well; Then we have examined the most important methods of "Focus" in these notes. By analyzing the obtained data, we have shown a new aspect of Nasir al-Din Shah's personality; Finnaly by selecting random examples from the original copy and confronting the corrections made from these works, we have shown that the misreadings, misunderstandings and unexplained eliminations made by the editors in these corrections, have made them unreliable and invalid for literary and linguistic research.. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        234 - An Analysis of Internal Music in Nima Youshij’s Modern and Semi-Classic Poetry
        mahmoud sadeghzadeh NIIA nourbalin
        One of the main features of Nimayi-style poetry (blank verse) in comparison with classical poetry is the change brought to the music of poems, and internal music in specific. The present research is to study, via a descriptive-analytical approach, the use of different t More
        One of the main features of Nimayi-style poetry (blank verse) in comparison with classical poetry is the change brought to the music of poems, and internal music in specific. The present research is to study, via a descriptive-analytical approach, the use of different types of internal music in Nima Youshij’s modern and semi-classic poems. To do so, the researchers have reviewed briefly the importance of internal music in poetry first, and then have examined and analyzed the different forms of internal music, including rhyming rhythm, pun, repetition, alliteration, and words. The results revealed that the use of assonance and consonance was more than other devices, and “A” (as pronounced in Persian /a:/) is repeated significantly more often, that associates the howl and outcry indicating the awakening and provoking spirit of the poet. On the other hand, while the repletion of clauses, phrases and homophonic puns have been less abundant in his poems, recursive puns appear frequently. Then, it is clear that Nima Youshij consciously has used internal music in his poetry as a way for compensating lack of meter Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        235 - Investigation of the Removal of 2-Nitrophenol Using Continuous Flow MSBR Reactor and Estimated Expiration
        Elnaz Bakhshi Sarabi Mohammad Reza Allahgholi Ghasri Ali Parsa
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        236 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of Start-up Businesses in the Country with a Sports Tourism Approach
        seyed emad hoseini maryam naghib hoseini farshad emami
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the competitiveness of start-up businesses related to sports tourism in the country. The type of research is applied, was done through a mixed method and a survey. The Delphi panel was used to confirm More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the competitiveness of start-up businesses related to sports tourism in the country. The type of research is applied, was done through a mixed method and a survey. The Delphi panel was used to confirm the list of components, as well as experts in the field of sports business to prioritize them. The fuzzy hierarchical analysis method was used to weigh the components and inferential statistics methods were used to analyze the statistical data. The results showed that a total of 5 components and 13 items are considered effective factors. From the point of view of the experts, the component of "optimal technology" with a weight of 0.78754 has the highest degree of importance, followed by the component of "social popularity" with a weight of 0.69094 and "dynamic economy" with a weight of 0.66889. At the end, two components "service quality" and "structural and administrative" are located with weights of 0.63022 and 0.59443, respectively. Also, 13 items were identified, which were: "Internet network and infrastructure", "Tourism market update and competition", "Government incentives and support", "Financing chain", "Administrative licenses", "Marketing requirements", "Compatibility with current needs", "Popularity of social networks and virtual space", "accepting society", "cost savings", "user satisfaction", "unique services" and "avoiding time wastage". Since Kendall's coefficient of agreement was 0.798, the overall fit is also confirmed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        237 - Evaluating the thermal comfort of humans by RayMan model in Lake Urmia Basin, Iran
        Khadijeh Javan Farhad Nasiri
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        238 - Sport tourism marketing with emphasis on cultural factors
        Esmaeil Zabihi Masoud Jorabloo
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        239 - The Effect of Management Abilities on Research and Development Expenses of Corporates with an Emphasis the Role of Market Competitive Threats
        Seyed hesam Vagfi Azam Rajabi
        The purpose of the present study is to review the effect of management ability on research and development expenses, with an emphasis on the role of market competitive threats to the corporates accepted in Tehran stock exchange. The realm of this research consisted of t More
        The purpose of the present study is to review the effect of management ability on research and development expenses, with an emphasis on the role of market competitive threats to the corporates accepted in Tehran stock exchange. The realm of this research consisted of the accepted corporates in Tehran stock exchange and the time period under study was the years between 2011 to 2019. By systematic deletion method, 133 corporates were chosen as the statistical sample. The current research is practical and it is considered as correlational research in terms of methodology. Data analysis was conducted by EViews software and the results showed that the managers’ ability has a direct effect on investment in research and development expenses. Besides, competitive threats are effective on the correlation between the managers’ ability and investment in research and development expenses. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        240 - The Effect of Competitive Factors on Asymmetric Cost Behavior
        Akbar Karimzadeh Nader Rezaei Zohreh Hajiha Rasoul Abdi
        Purpose: Cost management and resource consumption planning are among issues to deal with in management in order to create value for the agency under our direction. Yet, this subject requires full awareness of cost behavior and effective factors on that. Former studies a More
        Purpose: Cost management and resource consumption planning are among issues to deal with in management in order to create value for the agency under our direction. Yet, this subject requires full awareness of cost behavior and effective factors on that. Former studies about asymmetric cost behavior mostly focused on internal factors while the managers consider both internal and external factors simultaneously when they want to make strategic decisions about costs. Therefore, in order to focus on external factors, this research studies the impact of competitive factors on asymmetric cost behavior in the companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange.Methods: The present study has a practical purpose and it is correlational in terms of method or nature. In order to achieve the research objectives, the data of financial statements of 167 corporations during 2010 to 2019 were explored. For hypothesis testing, multivariate regression with mixed data was used.Results: The results of research hypothesis testing indicate that competitive factors such as product differentiation, input cost, and market size do not have a significant impact on asymmetric behavior of selling, administrative and public costs.Conclusions: Active corporations in competitive industries have less control over product costs and may decrease the costs to maintain definite profitability and or minimize loss. Furthermore, active corporations in industries with high input cost have less tendency to invest on committed sources such as advertisement, research and development as well as selling, administrative, and public costs to avoid the entrance of potential competitors to this market and their achievement of long-term exclusive power. As a result, the managers of these corporations may decrease these costs when they have less selling.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        241 - Aesthetics of Repetition in Yahya Samavi’s Divan, "Ghalilake…… La Khathirahonna"
        Yahya Ma'aroof Noor Al-din Parvin
          In a literary text, repetition is attractive both literarally and semanticly. Literally, repetition is  an element of creating harmonic, musical tone in the text as it causes emphasis on the meaning and its further implications. Repetition as one of the mos More
          In a literary text, repetition is attractive both literarally and semanticly. Literally, repetition is  an element of creating harmonic, musical tone in the text as it causes emphasis on the meaning and its further implications. Repetition as one of the most important rhetorical figures has received special attention by contemporary Arab poets. Among these poets is Yahya Samavi, Iraqi poet living in Australia, whose divan entitled "Ghalilake ……… La Kathirahonna" has been composed about his wife and sufferings of his country which have been ever his real source of griefs, sorrows and memories.  Using descriptive-analytical method, the present study aims to study aesthetics of repetition inYahya Samavi’s divan in terms of lexicon repetition (singular lexicons, lexicons related to nature, antonyms, and pronouns) and phrases repetition (repetition of independent sentences, of title of odes, of different styles,of  interrogatives and vocatives). The results suggest that the poet has shown his own sorrow and sadness for living far from his homeland Iraq, using repetition which is the main structure of the divan. The results also show that there is complete propriety between repetition figure and meaning of verses. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        242 - Repetition in Contemporary Poetry of Palestine: A Case Study of The Divan Alasf-ol- Maakul
        Abbas Yadollahi Farsani Mahmood Shakib Ansari
        This study investigates repetition and its various manifestations in the poetical collection of Al-Asaf Al-Makoul. The Palestinian poet has used this technique for stating pains and sufferings of the Palestinian due to occupation of their nation by the Zioniston the one More
        This study investigates repetition and its various manifestations in the poetical collection of Al-Asaf Al-Makoul. The Palestinian poet has used this technique for stating pains and sufferings of the Palestinian due to occupation of their nation by the Zioniston the one hand and for adding a kind of rhythm and music to his poetry on the other hand. The present paper is an attempt to introduce various manifestations of repetition based on descriptive- analytical method such as repetition ofvoice,word, verb, pronoun, symbols and expressions and also it points to function of various aspects of repetition in sentence structure and their strengths in creation of new poetic structures. Pondering in this poetry collection, the reader finds out that topic of repetition has created strong connections between the poet and calamities of his land; accordingly, this expressive method displays a type of spiritual space so that it shows the spiritual pains and internal unsaid things that aim to strengthen desire of the reader.  Finally, the study came to this conclusion that the Palestinian poet has applied the repetition technique as an effective tool for stating his own inner thoughts to influence the reader and he depicts crimes of Zionist Regime. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        243 - Repetition in Divan Al-JorhAl-Falestini va Baraemoddam (Palestines’ Scars and the Buds of Blood ) by Zainab Habash (A Study in Phonetic and Semantic Stylistics)
        Amin Nazari Tereizi Amin Nazari Tereizi Mohammad Khaqani Isfahani Somayeh Hasanalian
        Repetition is  astylistic phenomenon in literary texts that plays a prominent role in two phonetic andsemantic structures. In this study we surveyed emphasis on under standing features of meaning and rhythm in the Habash’s poem. Furthermore, we explained the More
        Repetition is  astylistic phenomenon in literary texts that plays a prominent role in two phonetic andsemantic structures. In this study we surveyed emphasis on under standing features of meaning and rhythm in the Habash’s poem. Furthermore, we explained the most important aspects of repetitionby relying on statistics and stylistic method. We chose repetition phenomenon as the subject of research because it is one of the most important phenomena that Palestinian resistance poem is indexed by .The survey of this phenomenon is considered as research in fields of technical and aesthetic aspects of language of poetic text.Findings of the study show repetition in the poem of Habash is simple and compound repetition. Simple repetition is the same as the repetition of sound and word and compound repetition is the same as the repetition of sentence .Repetition isn’t random and accident in the Habash’s poem but it is purposely and regularly in direction of music and meaning in order to demonstrate her love to Palestineand to express sorrow for the tragedies and testimony of relatives and friends and to blow the spirit of resistance and revolution to remove the usurpation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        244 - Explaining the Role of Organizational Intelligence on Organizational Effectiveness with the Mediation of Organizational Agility in Staff in Sports and Youth Departments
        samaneh rastgoo Nahid Darooghe Arefi
        Introduction: The purpose of study was to investigate the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational effectiveness by examining the mediating role of organizational Agility among the staff of sport and youth departments in South Khorasan Method More
        Introduction: The purpose of study was to investigate the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational effectiveness by examining the mediating role of organizational Agility among the staff of sport and youth departments in South Khorasan Methods: The method of this research is descriptive and its design is a correlation type that was done by field method. The statistical population of this research includes all employees of youth and sport departments of South Khorasan (190 people). 123 of them were selected as sample by available sampling method. For data gathering, after confirming validity and reliability, questionnaires of organizational intelligence Karl Albrecht, (2002), organizational effectiveness of Hamidi (2003) and Standard Organizational Agility Questionnaire Zhang and Sharifi were used. Descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling were used to analyze the data using SPSS and SMART PLS software. Results: The results showed that organizational intelligence has a direct and significant effect on organizational agility and organizational effectiveness. Organizational agility also has a direct and significant effect on organizational effectiveness.Finally, the results indicated the indirect and significant effect of organizational intelligence on organizational effectiveness through organizational agility. Conclusion: Considering the identification of the positive effect of organizational intelligence and organizational agility on organizational effectiveness, it seems that by increasing and strengthening organizational intelligence and organizational agility, it is possible to provide the basis for improving organizational effectiveness. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        245 - A Single Stage Dynamic Transmission Expansion Planning Model in the Competitive market
        Hamid Gorjipour مجتبی Najafi Naghi Moaddabi Pirkolahchahi
        10.30495/jce.2022.1961298.1163
        In the competitive market the planners can include market behavior in the Transmission Expansion planning (TEP) to manage the congestion. Before the expansion planning, the value of local marginal pricing (LMP) of each bus can be calculated using the optimal power flow. More
        In the competitive market the planners can include market behavior in the Transmission Expansion planning (TEP) to manage the congestion. Before the expansion planning, the value of local marginal pricing (LMP) of each bus can be calculated using the optimal power flow. Then based on them the TEP is performed. But this model does not consider the dependency of the LMP to the network structure changes, because by changing the topology the cost and process of delivering power to a bus can be changed. So, the LMP is not constant during the TEP and must be included in the model dynamically. In this paper the dynamic dependency of LMP to the transmission system topology variations and contingencies is modelled as a single stage mixed-integer linear programming and solved with integration of the YALMIP and MOSEK software. The proposed model is more realistic; however, it takes more computation time. The single stage means the simultaneous calculation of LMPs and expansion planning in the model. The model has been applied to Garver 6-bus and the IEEE 24-bus network. The effect of interest rate, the load to generation capacity factor and load growth rate on the TEP model are analysed. The contingency-based model considers the contingency of line outages and presents a robust and reliable solution that guarantee the system security assessment during the set of predefined contingencies. It provides more expensive but more flexible solutions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        246 - Provide a Method for Evaluating the Performance of Agile Enterprise Architecture
        A. Noushzad A. Harounabadi S. J. Mirabedini
        Agile enterprise architecture is developed in a process called enterprise architecture process. This process is complex and the architect can use a framework to regulate its structure and use a style to guide its behavior in order to control its complexity. In architect More
        Agile enterprise architecture is developed in a process called enterprise architecture process. This process is complex and the architect can use a framework to regulate its structure and use a style to guide its behavior in order to control its complexity. In architecture, behavior precedes structure and with a structure, it is possible to have various behaviors. One of the factors with which, one can determine which one of these behaviors is more appropriate for agile enterprise architecture, is architecture performance assessment. A non-functional requirement in agile enterprise architecture is efficiency, and one of the system efficiency parameters is response time which has been used in this research. For this purpose, and in order to regulate and organize enterprise architecture descriptions, it is necessary to use a framework. DODAF, unlike Zachman framework which has six viewpoints, consists of three different viewpoints. Unified Modeling Language (UML), makes it possible that the products of this framework, be shown with a unified modelling symbol. The aim of this research is to provide a method to assess the efficiency of agile enterprise architecture to achieve a proper architecture. In this research, using Zachman-based frameworks, first, the characteristics of the desired enterprise are described using UML diagrams. In the following, these diagrams which are mainly behavioral and structural, are turned into official models. UML-related clichés which are usually placed as marginal graphics on UML diagrams will be used for this purpose. It will be possible to assess non-functional requirements on official models. In the proposed method, we will assess the efficiency of agile enterprise architecture in the design and pre-implementation phases. Research results show that with the provision of a model in the design phase, heavy implementation costs will be avoided. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        247 - Performance evaluation of information systems by using MVC design pattern and Markup language developed
        Sh Mazarei علی Harounabadi S. J Mirabedini
        The development of complex software systems Wants models that non-functional requirements evaluation of systems do in the development process, especially in the early stages. Architecture evaluation is done in different ways Hence need to have a way to integrate non-fun More
        The development of complex software systems Wants models that non-functional requirements evaluation of systems do in the development process, especially in the early stages. Architecture evaluation is done in different ways Hence need to have a way to integrate non-functional requirements. This Paper, MVC design pattern show in the form of framework based on extensible markup language for evaluating performance non-functional requirements. This framework is based on Petri nets that help can be it provided the MVC design pattern. The current study compared with RelatedWork provides Take advantage of Extensible Markup Language,   To address non-functional requirements and will be drawn an executable model of the application. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        248 - Sidelobe reduction for binary coded waveform in pulse compression systems with matched filter and mismatched filter parallel structure
        Ebrahim Alibabaee Rouhollah Aghajani
         In Good resolution is one of the criteria for measuring the performance of a radar system and it can be achieved with low Band- width. The radar rang depends on the energy it sends. With using pulse compression techniques, the energy of a wide pulse and resolution More
         In Good resolution is one of the criteria for measuring the performance of a radar system and it can be achieved with low Band- width. The radar rang depends on the energy it sends. With using pulse compression techniques, the energy of a wide pulse and resolution in the range corresponding to a narrow pulse can be simulatuesly held. The basis of the pulse compression radar is on the matched filter and Autocorrelation function. In the radar, the return echo of the target is actually a delayed time prescription or Doppler shifted signal transmit. The matched filter correlates between received signal and the version of the sending code. The matched filter output in addition to having a main lobe, also includes a sequence of side lobes. These sidelobes cause to increase the probability of false alarm or masking the small target, beside large targets with high sidelobe level. Mismatched filters using weighting function for reduction the level of the sidelobes, with increase the length of filter. In this paper suggests a parallel structure that added advantage of matched filter and mismatched filter simulatuesly. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        249 - Investigation of the adsorption of copper (II) (soluble in water) on activated carbon produced from PET outflow bottles
        ali moghimi hossein anaraki
        In this research, the adsorption of copper (II) metal ions on activated carbon was investigated using waste PET bottles. Initially, activated carbon was prepared using PET waste bottles and the activated carbon was characterized using XRD, FTIR, BET and SEM analyzes. Th More
        In this research, the adsorption of copper (II) metal ions on activated carbon was investigated using waste PET bottles. Initially, activated carbon was prepared using PET waste bottles and the activated carbon was characterized using XRD, FTIR, BET and SEM analyzes. Then, the adsorption of copper (II) metal ions on the synthesized activated carbon was performed in batch mode. The effects of variables such as initial concentration of copper, temperature, pH and time were investigated and the results showed that the optimum amount of copper ion adsorption was in 50 ppm solution with a pH of 5 and a contact time of 90 minutes and an adsorbent amount of 0.1 g. Isotherms were studied using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models and the adsorption kinetics was investigated using pseudo-first as well as pseudo-second order models. It was observed that the behavior of the desired process follows the Freundlich isotherm and its kinetics corresponds to the pseudo-second order reaction. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        250 - Quantitative Structure-Retention Relationship (QSRR) Covats Index of Boiss Nepeta macrosiphon
        azam vafaei
        Quantitative structure-Retention relationship (QSRR) studies were performed on the Covats index of the constituents of Boiss Nepeta macrosiphon. The stepwise method was used to select the appropriate descriptors. Selected descriptors of this method were used to model an More
        Quantitative structure-Retention relationship (QSRR) studies were performed on the Covats index of the constituents of Boiss Nepeta macrosiphon. The stepwise method was used to select the appropriate descriptors. Selected descriptors of this method were used to model and predict the retention index of these compounds by multiple linear regression (MLR). In order to evaluate the validity of the model, various methods such as using a test series and rejecting each data step by step were used. The results show the good ability of SR-MLR method to predict retention index. The coefficients for determining the training and test series were 0.996 and 0.998, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        251 - The production of activated carbon from polyethyleneterephthalate (PET ) bottle waste and its use to absorbtion iron (III) from water
        فرخنده اوشال Saeed Jamehbozorgi Mojdeh Liaghati
        Abstract: In this research, Initially, activated carbon was prepared using PET waste bottles and the activated carbon was detected using FTIR, BET and SEM analyzes. In the next step, the adsorption of Iron (II) metal ions on the synthesized activated carbon was performe More
        Abstract: In this research, Initially, activated carbon was prepared using PET waste bottles and the activated carbon was detected using FTIR, BET and SEM analyzes. In the next step, the adsorption of Iron (II) metal ions on the synthesized activated carbon was performed discontinuously.The effects of variables such as initial concentration of Iron, temperature, pH and time were investigated and the results showed that the optimum amount of Iron ion adsorption in 100 ppm solution with a pH of 5 and a contact time of 60 minutes and an adsorbent amount of 0.2 g occurs. Isotherms were studied using Langmuir, Freundlich and Tamkin models and adsorption kinetics using first and second order pseudo-second order models. It was observed that the behavior of the desired process follows the Langmuir, isotherm and its kinetics corresponds to the pseudo- first order reaction. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        252 - Applicarion spellbinding in animal stories in Marzbannameh
        Hossein Abbasnezhad parvaneh Adelzadeh Kamran Pashayi Fakhri
        Animals play an allegorical and symbolic role, apart from being rich in content and the attractiveness of the stories, the poets and writers of the texts of order and prose use their allegorical approach more to fulfill ethical, educational, social and political goals. More
        Animals play an allegorical and symbolic role, apart from being rich in content and the attractiveness of the stories, the poets and writers of the texts of order and prose use their allegorical approach more to fulfill ethical, educational, social and political goals. In these tales, there is more than thought, passion, deception, greed, craziness, deceit, deception, and action in action. In this article, the criterion of the selection of stories is the presence of animal characters active in events and events. Often in these tales only the animal character speaks, sometimes it acts in the nature of animals and has animal motives and sometimes includes motives and deeds attributed to humans. Any trick and no means of thinking can not be done, but must be accompanied by the counsel of the wise. In this research, which has been done in a fundamental way based on library studies and descriptive-analytical method, it has been shown that the dictates are practiced as an opponent, and the hero originally derives from a perceptual mistake that is based on habit. This research points out the superiority of Squeal and Vile by force, courage and strength, and says that those who go to the enemy with a remedy and decree are more victorious than those who rely solely on the sharp fist and force of the arm. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        253 - The examination of varieties of repetition on Golchin Maani poems
        Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh
        Ahmad Golchi Maani, the contemporary poet & investigator (1295-1379) is one of the poems which has a special attention to repetition arrays mostly lead to increasing and elegance of his words tune. Repetition is the utilization of a word / words in a sentence or a More
        Ahmad Golchi Maani, the contemporary poet & investigator (1295-1379) is one of the poems which has a special attention to repetition arrays mostly lead to increasing and elegance of his words tune. Repetition is the utilization of a word / words in a sentence or a distich more than once and it is also one of the characteristics of  literary styles, it is more applied to literal rhetoric  in order to accentuate, hamage and chastise. Although repetition is not pleasing on on ordinary speech, however it's used to litreture styles as an example on Golchin poems in order to speech arrays or according to the poem necessitiees. In this research aproaches and characteristics of Golchin's poems will be proceeded by analysing his complete poetical works. It is applied variety of repetitions as: phonemes, syllable, word, phrase, sentence and remarks on a ingeniously styles in Golchin's poems. He applied different kinds of repetition in order to make a word tune more than other factors Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        254 - Pareto Optimum Design of Heat Exchangers based on the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm: A Case Study
        Mohammadjavad Mahmoodabadi Soodeh Zarnegar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        255 - Multi-Objective Optimization of Plate Heat Exchangers by Employing an Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
        Mohammadjavad Mahmoodabadi Soodeh Zarnegar
        10.30486/admt.2022.1949157.1332
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        256 - Benzofurans nor-sesquiterpenoids from Petasites hybridus rhizomes and absolute configuration by circular dichroism
        Hanieh Asadi Samad Nejad Ebrahimi Marzieh Omrani Hassan Esmaeili
        10.30495/tpr.2022.1957782.1256
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        257 - Cymbopogon citratus Stapf (DC) extract attenuates gasoline vapour-induced low-triiodothyronine syndrome, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats
        Christopher Edet Ekpenyong Utibe Essiet
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        258 - Sonneratinone: A new antimicrobial benzofuranone derivative from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger isolated from the mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham
        Tauhidur Rahman Nurunnabi Shaymaa Al-Majmaie Lutfun Nahar Ismini Nakouti S. M. Mahbubur rahman MD. Hossain Sohrab MD. Morsaline Billah Fyaz MD. Ismail George P. Sharples Satyajit D. Sarker
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        259 - Validation of video resume to assess competencies of students based on the generalizability theory
        alireza zarei Ebrahim alizadeh Abasalt Khorasani
        10.30486/jsrp.2021.1926416.2907
        The study purpose was to validate the video resume based on the estimation of the reliability of the evaluators 'score when assessing the students' competencies in the video resume. The statistical universe of this study was the graduate students Department of Counselin More
        The study purpose was to validate the video resume based on the estimation of the reliability of the evaluators 'score when assessing the students' competencies in the video resume. The statistical universe of this study was the graduate students Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University in 1398, were among those targeted 30 randomly selected to provide a video resume. The measurement tool used in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire with three questions with a descriptive graphic rating scale in seven levels, the content validity of which was estimated to be 0.82. The data were analyzed based on the generalizability theory, which is based on a two-dimensional cross-component design. the results showed that the measurement object and the interaction of the evaluators' component were to measure the largest share and 67 percent of the observed variance is related to the actual variance and in addition on these scores, the generalizability and reliability coefficients are above 0.7, which are acceptable. The findings of this study are applied in assessment centers, job seekers selection and student selection in the stages of assessment, recruitment and selection for job position and education. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        260 - The Relationship between the Conflicting Factorsand Their Solving Them
        مهدی ابزری مهدیه نجفی
          Abstract   The purpose of this research is to study the relation between factors causing conflict and solving them. To reach this purpose a research question was prepared which was based on two main and three questions. The statistical society under study consisted of More
          Abstract   The purpose of this research is to study the relation between factors causing conflict and solving them. To reach this purpose a research question was prepared which was based on two main and three questions. The statistical society under study consisted of the office employee of the Islamic Azad University of yazd. The sampling technique in this project was simple randonm. The statistical technique used in this research consisted of descriptive statistics processed over a meaningful level with P £ . The results showed that based on the view of the society under consideration, there was no relation between the confliding factors and the ways to solve them. Also, based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that variables such as sex (male-female), the educational degree, and experience of the employee have a relation with the ways the conflict is solved.   This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the theoretical view and the research work about the conflict have been reviewed. In the second part the method of research has been discussed and in the last part the analysis of the date and conclusion is presented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        261 - A Comparison Between Personality Traits and Attribution Styles of Normal Couples and Divorce Petitioners
        behzad behrouz Farhnaz Mohammadi shahram alihabadi Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Nasrin Haidarizadeh behrouz behrouz
        The aim of the present study was to compare personality characteristics and attribution styles of normal couples and those petitioning divorce. The sample size included one hundred of 23-55 year-old men and women (25 normal couples from the employees of Justice Office a More
        The aim of the present study was to compare personality characteristics and attribution styles of normal couples and those petitioning divorce. The sample size included one hundred of 23-55 year-old men and women (25 normal couples from the employees of Justice Office and 25 divorce petitioners referring to justice Office of Kermanshah in (2010-2011) who were selected by available sampling method. To collect the data the short form of Questionnaire Five Factors of Personality (NEO-FFI) as well as Attribution Style Questionnaire (ASQ) were used. This research is a survey, causal– comparative study By applying the analysis of covariance , it was found that normal couples use stable and specific attribution style and divorce petitioners use general and unstable attribution style. But there is no significant difference between inner-outer attribution styles of the two groups. Also the results showed that there is a negative relationship between neuroticism and marital satisfaction (P < 0.01) and openness (P < 0.03) but agreeableness (P < 0.02) have positive relationships with marital satisfaction. There were significant differences between two groups of normal couples and divorce petitioners regarding the application of attribution styles and personality characteristics (P < 0.01). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        262 - The Role of Psycho- Immune System Capacities, ‎Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Respect in Predicting the Nurses’ Job ‎Burnout Dimensions
        fariba Zargarshirazi Hasan Ahadi Frah Naderi Nouraali Farrokhi
        The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive role of psycho immune system capacities, organizational ‎commitment, and ‎organizational respect in Predicting job burnout dimension (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment) of n More
        The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive role of psycho immune system capacities, organizational ‎commitment, and ‎organizational respect in Predicting job burnout dimension (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment) of nurses. The population of this correlation study included all the nurses in Abadan ‎and Khorramshahr cities’ hospitals (450 nurses). Because of limited size of population and preventing from subject drop, all the nurses Were included in the research. The data derived from 270 questionnaires completed were analyzed. Research instruments were the Olah's Psycho-Immune Capacities Inventory-PICI-colah, 2005), Organizational Commitment (Allen and Meyer, 1990), Organizational Respect ‎Questionnaire (Rammarjan, 2006), and Maslach Burnout Inventory–MBI-(Maslach, 1993). The data analysis were performed by using Pearson correlation ‎coefficient and multi-variate regression. The results ‎showed that psycho-immune ‎system capacities, organizational commitment ‎and ‎‎organizational respect are able to predict burnout in nurses (P < 0.0001). ‎Affective organizational commitment, had the most predictive power for emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment, on the other hand psycho immune system capacities had the most predicting power for depersonalization dimension of nurses job burnout (P < 0.0001). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        263 - The Effect of Seligman self-actualization intervention on social competence in high school student girls with social anxiety disorder in city of Najafabad
        Parisa Shahsavari Maryam Esmaeili
        The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Seligman self-actualization intervention on social competence of high school female student with social anxiety disorder in city of Najafabad. Research. The design was semi-experimental pretest-posttest with control g More
        The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Seligman self-actualization intervention on social competence of high school female student with social anxiety disorder in city of Najafabad. Research. The design was semi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population was all of the high school girls with social anxiety disorder in Najaf Abad city that were referred to Roshd Center in year 2016. 30 subjects were randomly selected and assigned to 2 groups (experimental and control, each group 15 subjects). The instruments consisted of Social Competence Questionnare of Parandin (1385). The experimental group received Seligman self-actualization intervention in 8 sessions twice a week, and the control group was waiting. The results of analysis of covariznce showed that Seligman self-actualization intervention was effective in inhancing social competence of high school students (p&lt;0.01). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        264 - The Effectiveness of Communication Skills Training on Perceived Competence and Happiness of Male Students in the Sixth Grade of Elementary School in Shiraz
        Neda Sabzi Mahbobeh Foulad Chang
        10.30486/jsrp.2018.545643
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of communication skills training on perceived competence and happiness of sixth grade male elementary students. This research was a quasi-experimental in which pretest-posttest with control groups was used. More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of communication skills training on perceived competence and happiness of sixth grade male elementary students. This research was a quasi-experimental in which pretest-posttest with control groups was used. Statistical population consisted of all male students of the sixth grade of elementary schools in Shiraz in academic year 94-95. By using available sampling, 30 students who gained lower scores on Perceived Competence Scale (Harter, 1982) and Happiness Questionnaire (Hills &amp; Argyle, 2002) were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental (15 students) and a control (15 students) group. The experimental group received communication skills training in 10 sessions (90 minutes each). Then, the posttest was administered for both groups. Covariance analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in perceived competence, its dimensions and happiness and the mean scores of the experimental group were higher than the control group (P&le;0/01). Therefore, communication skills training is effective in increasing perceived competence and happiness of students. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        265 - The Structural Impact of Attachment Styles on Perceived Competency Mediated by Dignity in Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Grade Elementary Students
        parisa khojasteh jalal Davood Manavipour Mojtaba Sedaghati Fard
        10.30486/jsrp.2022.1887138.2215
        The aim of this study was the structural effect of attachment styles on perceived competency mediated by self-esteem in fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary students. This study was a descriptive-analytical correlational study. The statistical population included al More
        The aim of this study was the structural effect of attachment styles on perceived competency mediated by self-esteem in fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary students. This study was a descriptive-analytical correlational study. The statistical population included all students of the second year of elementary school (fourth, fifth and sixth) in the city of Quds in 2019-2020. The sample consisted of 400 fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary students 200 girls and 200 boys) who were selected by simple random sampling and completed The Harter Children&#039;s Self-Perception Profile, Coopersmith&#039;s Self-Esteem Questionnaire, and The Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling were used using SPSS version 24 and LiserL 8 software. The results showed that attachment styles predict competency perception, directly and through self-esteem. The results of this study showed that planners and counselors to pay attention to the important and fundamental role of self-esteem and attachment styles to increase competence perception in students and to promote them by holding workshops. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        266 - Predicting the Quality of Life and the Spirit of Competition-Cooperation using Personality Traits in Marketers in Hamedan
        mohammadreza zoghipaydar fateme behjame Ahmad Bayat
        10.30486/jsrp.2020.1872368.1903
        The purpose of this study was to predict the quality of life and the spirit of competition-cooperation using personality traits in marketers of Hamadan. The method was correlational. The statistical population included all marketers in Hamadan (both men and women), of w More
        The purpose of this study was to predict the quality of life and the spirit of competition-cooperation using personality traits in marketers of Hamadan. The method was correlational. The statistical population included all marketers in Hamadan (both men and women), of which 212 people were selected by available sampling method and answered to personality type A and B (Jenkins, 1971), the spirit of cooperation-competition (Martin, 1976), and SF36 (Var and Sherborne, 1992) questionnaires. Data were analyzed by regression analysis. The findings showed that personality traits A and B are related to quality of life and spirit of competitive-cooperation of marketers in Hamadan (P &lt;0.05). Also, the quality of life and spirit of competition-cooperation in marketers of Hamedan can be predicted by personality traits A and B. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        267 - Syntactic Priming Effects on EFL Learners’ Production and Retention of Indirect Questions
        Reza Biria Ahmad Ameri Golestan
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        268 - The Effect of Differences in the General Proficiency of Iranian EFL Students on their Metaphorical Competence
        Zahra Rezaei Aliakbar Jafarpour
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        269 - A Study into the Effects of Competitive Team-Based Learning and 'Learning Together' on the Oral Performance of Intermediate EFL Learners
        Mahdi Mardani Tahereh Jahanbazian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        270 - An Evaluation of English Textbooks Used in Iranian High Schools: Teachers’ and Learners’ Attitudes
        Firouzeh Torki Azizeh Chalak
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        271 - Developing and Validating a Questionnaire to Assess Strategic Competence in EFL Listening Performance: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
        Maryam Haghighi Mojgan Rashtchi Parviz Birjandi
        10.30486/relp.2019.665886
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        272 - Managing the “Competency Cycle’ and educational program developing in the Information Technology Undergraduate
        farhad ebrahimabadi mahbobeh arefi korosh fathi vajargah jafar towfighi
        10.30486/jsre.2018.543717
        this study aimed to investigate managing &ldquo;Competency&rdquo; as well as educational program developing in Information Technology undergraduate at different countries or jurisdictions as well as comparison with its situation in Iran. The methodology of this study is More
        this study aimed to investigate managing &ldquo;Competency&rdquo; as well as educational program developing in Information Technology undergraduate at different countries or jurisdictions as well as comparison with its situation in Iran. The methodology of this study is Mixed-Intertwined-method and methods including Documentary Study and Survey. In the Documentary Study, the population includes international and national reference documents, articles and scientific researchs. In Survey that the research tools include semi-structired interview, questionnaire and Delphi thecniqu, the population and sample is determined according to the each tool. The results showed that the interpretation of competency impact on managing &ldquo;competency&rdquo; and educational program developing. Other findings indicated that in engineering field especially Information Technology, &ldquo;Competency&rdquo; will be developed, assessed, maintained and expanded during the four stages that is known &ldquo;Engineering Competency Cycle&rdquo;. In different countries or jurisdiction, almost similar models are be presented to appropriately establish &ldquo;Competency Cycle&rdquo; in engineering field especially Information Technology. Also, findings showed that in Iran a proper model has not for managing Competency Cycle in Information Technology undergraduate and this Cycle has not been properly established. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        273 - How to Promote Professional Competencies of Teachers & Determine their Effectiveness
        Mahdieh Sadat Vaghoor Kashani Gholamreza Haji Hossein Nezhad Neamatollah Mousapour Issa Ebrahimzadeh
        10.30486/jsre.2019.546261
        The purpose of this paper is to provide solutions for improving the professional competencies of teachers and determine their effectiveness. In this mixed method study, the strategies were extracted through the study of authoritative internal and external resources and More
        The purpose of this paper is to provide solutions for improving the professional competencies of teachers and determine their effectiveness. In this mixed method study, the strategies were extracted through the study of authoritative internal and external resources and the review of the views of the experts. They were classified in four categories based on "Teacher Education Curriculum Architecture in Iran". They were classified under four headings: Competencies related to subject knowledge, Competencies related to educational knowledge, Competencies related to subject-oriented training, and Competencies related to general knowledge. The views of some people of four groups including faculty members, teachers of teacher training students, outstanding teachers, student teachers about the status and priority of the effectiveness of the solutions were collected and analyzed. The average solution rates for all responses were the same in all cases (with the exception of two cases). These results show that there is a similarity (at least on the basis of statistical analysis), about the identified strategies, between the views of experts (university professors) and stakeholders (teachers and student teachers). This shows the alignment of the fields of "opinion" and "action" which makes it easier to plan the professional growth programs for teachers. Also, the "acquisition of competencies related to subject knowledge" strategies with the highest average of 84/15 have the highest ability and the "acquisition of competences in the subject-oriented training" with the average of 52/95 have the least ability. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        274 - A Survey on the present status of the ability and competencies of the teachers from the perspective of students and the comparison with the ideal situation from the perspective of experts about physics in the fourth grade of high school
        mahsa jalily hoseyn nikfarjam
        The major goal of this research was surveying on the present status of the ability and competencies of the teachers from the perspective of students and the comparison with the ideal situation from the perspective of experts about physics in the fourth grade of high sch More
        The major goal of this research was surveying on the present status of the ability and competencies of the teachers from the perspective of students and the comparison with the ideal situation from the perspective of experts about physics in the fourth grade of high schools in Shahre ghod. This research as an applied one was carried out on the basis of descriptive-explanatoryresearch methodology. The participants of the research were students from 15 High schools. The research sample was taken based on Krejsi and Morgan Sampling Table. The sample size was consisted of 280 students. Furthermore, 35 educational experts were surveyed. The stability of the research's tool was estimated by the Cronbach's alpha as 89%. The research data was analyzed by the alpha one-sample t-test and independent samples t-test statistics. The analysis of data based on the students&rsquo; perspectives revealed that cognitive, affective domain and skills were different from educational experts&rsquo; perspectives. The research findings showed that on physics education and laboratory, the teacher was not competent. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        275 - A Study of the relationship between Students' Individual Characteristics, Experienced Curriculum and their Leadership Competencies Development at Shiraz University
        mehdi mohammadi Mehdi Mohammadi
        The main purpose of this research was to study the relationship between students' Individual Characteristics, Experienced Curriculum and their leadership Competencies development. Statistical population of this study included all students of bachelor degree at Shiraz Un More
        The main purpose of this research was to study the relationship between students' Individual Characteristics, Experienced Curriculum and their leadership Competencies development. Statistical population of this study included all students of bachelor degree at Shiraz University who were enrolled in 90-91. By cluster sampling method 256 persons were selected. The research instrument used to collect data in this study included researcher-made scale of experienced curriculum and growth leadership competencies questionnaire (Initial Leadership Assessment Questionnaire St. Cloud University, 1996) which after measuring their validity and reliability distributed among sample and data analyzed with multiple regression. Result indicated that: There is significant relationship between average and major with leadership competencies development of students. There is significant relationship between sex, average, major and residence with their perception of experienced curriculum. The experienced curriculum has significant mediated role in relationship between the students' individual characteristic and their leadership competencies development. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        276 - A study of Informal Learning role in development of Key competencies in Higher education and Job market
        ebrahim salehi omran
        The main purpose of the present study has been to investigate the effect of Informal Learning through social interactions within the higher education and vocational contexts on the development of key job Competencies. The present survey has utilized researcher-construct More
        The main purpose of the present study has been to investigate the effect of Informal Learning through social interactions within the higher education and vocational contexts on the development of key job Competencies. The present survey has utilized researcher-constructed questionnaires and interviews as data collection instruments. The population comprised 150 participants of higher education graduates and workers in the industry section of Mazandaran province with an experience ranging from 2 to6. The data analysis was done using SPSS resulting in both descriptive and inferential analyses. The results implied that there is a significant difference between the role of higher education and vocational context in the development of job qualifications, suggesting a greater role for higher education. In university, Personal competencies and Social -communication skills and in job context personal competencies and Professional competencies are more developed. From among the learning indices of Informal Learning, the indices of speech learning in university and behavior learning in job context have been the most frequent. With regard to the higher frequency of no replies compared to yes ones, it can be concluded that neither of the qualifications seem satisfactory in the two contexts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        277 - University challenges in compiling of the suitable content with competencies of lifelong learner
        sedighe karimi Ahmad Reza Nasr Mostafa Sharif
        The present research was to identity university&#39;s challenges on the selecting and organizing the content according to the lifelong learning principles. In this mix method research, the perspectives of 24 public universities principals that were selected by the purpo More
        The present research was to identity university&#39;s challenges on the selecting and organizing the content according to the lifelong learning principles. In this mix method research, the perspectives of 24 public universities principals that were selected by the purposeful sampling method from the chain kind were collected by the quasi- organized interview and the method of analysis content. In the quantitave part, the perspectives of 153 faculty members of these universities that were selected by the method of the stratified random sampling were considered by a research- made questionnaire. Its content validity was confirmed bu experts and its reliability was estimated 0.96 by Cronbach&#39;s alpha. The data was analyzed by the descriptive and inference statistics methods and the software of SPSS17. The results showed the university challenges in selecting and organizing of content are: un-applied lesseons, lack of knowing the research method in the educational major, less emphasis on the general ability and lack of the notice on the quality of the college student research activity. There is not a meaningful difference (p&gt;0.05) between the perspectives of the faculty members on the basis variables of the sex, the kind of university, academic rank and education. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        278 - Skill competencies graduates of doctoral curriculum; the point of view of experts and curriculum specialists
        somaye shahtalebi محمدجواد لیاقت دار فریدون شریفیان
        Today, university must train graduates that they are to be able the skills to act professionally at the age of learning. Therefore the Purpose of this study is &quot;Identify the skills needed by graduates of the doctoral curriculum&quot;, So used method is qualitative More
        Today, university must train graduates that they are to be able the skills to act professionally at the age of learning. Therefore the Purpose of this study is &quot;Identify the skills needed by graduates of the doctoral curriculum&quot;, So used method is qualitative method, a kind of descriptive phenomenology and participants include experts and professors of curriculum.The sampling method was based on Purposive sampling and continued up to information saturation. At the end, the number of participants reached to eighteen person and data was collected by using profound interview. For data analysis, content analysis method was used that the resultant findings included major Three component that include: 1) Curriculum planning abilities (including 8sub-components), 2) The ability to develop field (5sub-components) and 3) Research abilities (including 9sub-component).According to results Ph.D. graduates must have taken these skills, of the course Curriculum planning. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        279 - Developing A Structural Model For The Relationship Between Faculty Members’ Self-Efficacy And Competencies With Teaching Quality In Islamic Azad University
        Nima Shahidi Parivash Jaafari adergholi Ghourchian Javad Behboodian
        This is a descriptive and casual correlation study.The main purpose of this research was to study the relationship between faculty members&rsquo; self-efficacy and competencies with their teaching quality in branches of zone 1 of Islamic Azad University. The population More
        This is a descriptive and casual correlation study.The main purpose of this research was to study the relationship between faculty members&rsquo; self-efficacy and competencies with their teaching quality in branches of zone 1 of Islamic Azad University. The population of this research was 2181 faculty members. 436 faculty members were selected through random stratified cluster sampling. Data collection tools were a researcher-made 27-items questionnaire for assessing teaching quality (chronbach alpha= 0.861), A researcher made 13-items questionnaire for assessing their competencies (chronbach alpha=0.866), and Schwartzer et al. questionnaire for assessing faculty members&rsquo; self-efficacy. Multiple regression and Structural equation modeling were used to specify the portion of mentioned factors in teaching quality. Results showed that faculty members&rsquo; self-efficacy (0.31) and their competencies (0.33) had a significant positive relationship with teaching quality. In addition, there was a significant positive relationship (0.36) between self-efficacy and competencies. The gender of faculty members had a significant effect on their competencies Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        280 - Evaluation of External Effectiveness of the Undergraduate Curriculum in Bandar Abbas Azad Islamic University - Based on the Eye Competency Model
        Mehdi Mohammadi Reza Naseri Jahromi Hadi Rahmani
        The main objective of this study was to evaluate the external effectiveness of the curriculum of undergraduate courses in Bandar Abbas branch of Islamic Azad University on the competencies of the graduates. The statistical population for this study was included all of t More
        The main objective of this study was to evaluate the external effectiveness of the curriculum of undergraduate courses in Bandar Abbas branch of Islamic Azad University on the competencies of the graduates. The statistical population for this study was included all of the undergraduate alumni from human sciences group, engineering, natural resources, science, law and theology courses who have already graduated in 2006. Their data was recorded at the Alumni Association of the University and all of them are already employed. 159 subjects were selected by using the available sampling method. The model of the three dimensional eye of competence (International Project Management Association, 2008) was used to design the questionnaire in order to be distributed among all members of society. Data were analyzed by using inferential statistical methods. The results showed that: 1- The fields of technical, behavioral and contextual competencies of the graduates were less than desirable. 2- In all fields, the external effectiveness of the curriculum based on the technical competency in the male graduates was higher than female graduates. 3- In all fields, the external effectiveness of the curriculum based on the behavioral and contextual competencies in the female graduates were higher than male graduates. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        281 - A Study of the Professional Competencies of General Education Teachers and Presentation Of an Appropriate Conceptual Framework
        مصطفی نیکنامی فریبا کریمی
        The aim of this research was to study the professional competencies of the general school teachers in order to present an appropriate conceptual framework and that the research method was, survey. From literature review and previous researches, 8 principal componentes a More
        The aim of this research was to study the professional competencies of the general school teachers in order to present an appropriate conceptual framework and that the research method was, survey. From literature review and previous researches, 8 principal componentes and 99 sub-componentes were extracted, on the basis of which the first questionnaire was prepared. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by the experts and its reliability was estimated by Cronbach's Alpha coefficent, which was 0.96. The statistical population of the research was the elementary and guidance school teachers (general education) in Isfahan, 400 persons were selected from 6880, on the basis of relative random sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics (factor analysis, dependent t test, independent t test and one sample t test) were used to analyse the data. The results analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the present situation and teacher's favorable competencies and in all componentes, there was a significant difference )P≥0.001( The present status competencies of the general education teachers showed that in personality and professional moral dimensions, they were higher than average, but in educational, behavioral- cognitive and manageiral dimensions on average, and in technology, professional development and teaching componentes were weak. After factor analysis, the components were divided in to 9 categories and 90 items, renaming of which was done with regard to sub componentes. Based on the factor analysis results, a conceptual framework was desigened for teachers competencies. experts and educational specialists confirmed the appropriateness of framework componentes by means of 4/63 of 5. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        282 - Evaluation of the required competencies and skills of the teachers of the agricultural vocational schools by using the Delphi method: A case study in Kermanshah Province
        somayae rajabi A.Hamid papzan Amir Azami Adel Sulaimany
        The main purpose of this study was to investigate the required competencies and skills for the agricultural vocational teachers by using the Delphi method. This descriptive survey was conducted by using the Delphi method. The population of this study was consisted of th More
        The main purpose of this study was to investigate the required competencies and skills for the agricultural vocational teachers by using the Delphi method. This descriptive survey was conducted by using the Delphi method. The population of this study was consisted of the teachers in Mehregan, Qasre shirin, Bisotoon, Ravansar, Songhor and Eslam abad agricultural vocational schools in Kermanshah Province. The numbers of 22 expert members were selected as samples by using the purposeful sampling method. Three rounds were employed for conducting Delphi method. Data were collected through questionnaire and then were analyzed by using mean and descriptive statistics. The findings indicated that the group of experts identified 40 required competencies and skills for agricultural vocational teachers, such as: having agriculture experiences and skills, having knowledge of agriculture, using a variety of teaching techniques and entrepreneurial intention. Then, competencies and skills were categorized into three main and six sub-ordinary categories: professional competencies (instruction, management and planning competencies), personal competencies (individual and social competencies) and professional skills (agricultural scientific and practical skills). Finally, it was introduced a model with identified competencies and skills for the agriculture vocational education teachers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        283 - Identification and prioritization of teachers’ effective qualifications from the students’ perspectives by using AHP and TOPSIS methods
        mohsen farmahinifarahani mehdi maleki ali fazel allaf
        The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the teachers&rsquo; effective qualifications from the students&rsquo; perspectives by using AHP and TOPSIS methods. The study method was descriptive - survey research and the population was consisted of 1182 universit More
        The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the teachers&rsquo; effective qualifications from the students&rsquo; perspectives by using AHP and TOPSIS methods. The study method was descriptive - survey research and the population was consisted of 1182 university graduate students in 2011-12 academic year. 291 students were selected by simple sampling method. The results showed that students were considered professional, technical and interpersonal qualifications as a lecturer as their first three priorities. The validity was confirmed by the experts and calculated by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of HPV and TOPSIS as 0.783 and 0.849, respectively. The final results of the rankings on 17 criteria were reviewed in order to measure the ability of the students for understanding the content of first priority. The criterion of "the teacher appears" was allocated as the last priority. The most weight was assigned to "ability to understand the content by the students", "scientific literacy" and "research literacy". Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        284 - Investigating the effect of professional partnership Care-oriented teaching model on nursing students’ psychomotor clinical competencies
        Maryam Nobakht Heidar Ali Abedi Nasrin Elahi
        The purpose of this research was to recognize the effect of professional partnership Care-oriented teaching model on nursing students&rsquo; psychomotor clinical competencies in teaching training credits on Jondi Shapoor medical university in 7th - semester nursing stud More
        The purpose of this research was to recognize the effect of professional partnership Care-oriented teaching model on nursing students&rsquo; psychomotor clinical competencies in teaching training credits on Jondi Shapoor medical university in 7th - semester nursing students in Ahvaz. The quasi-experimental research had two control and experimental groups. The population was all 7 semester nursing students. There were 40 students in this research and they divided in to two 20 student groups. The experimental research was done in 10 sessions. The control group was taught traditionally and the experimental group was taught by using professional partnership Care-oriented teaching model, at the end of the sessions they were tested by a posttest. The instrument was a research-made questionnaire of &ldquo; Investigating the nursing students&rsquo; clinical competency in the intensive care unit in 2013&rdquo;.The validity of this research was confirmed by a group of university professors and clinical instructors and its reliability was calculated 0.93 by Cranach alpha. To analyze data, the descriptive statistics were used (mean, and standard deviation) and also SPSS 22 and the non-parametric test of Mann-Whitney were used in the inferential statistics. Training with professional partnership Care-oriented teaching model on nursing students&rsquo; Psychomotor&nbsp; clinical competencies was meaningful (P˂0.001, test statistics= -5.307) and it increased nursing students&rsquo; clinical competency in psychomotor domain. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        285 - Investigating the Role of Technology-Related Competency Components in the Curriculum
        farideh nouri Mohammad H Yarmohammadian Mohamad Ali Nadi
        10.30486/jsre.2019.575574.1247
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of technology-related competency components in the curriculum.This research was done in two qualitative and quantitative sections. In the qualitative section, using the method of analysis of the subject, with the exp More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of technology-related competency components in the curriculum.This research was done in two qualitative and quantitative sections. In the qualitative section, using the method of analysis of the subject, with the exploratory inductive approach, the components of the technology-related competence are identified from articles and documents, and coded using Maxqda12 software, and by the Atrium Sterling method template was designed. Sampling was done through targeted sampling and continued to saturation (22 articles). In order to determine the content validity of the experts, the Holstein coefficient was used to assess the reliability (0/818). In a quantitative, descriptive-survey method, an initial questionnaire was first made and the content validity of the questionnaire was verified by 10 professors and experts. Its reliability is also 0.85 by Cronbach's alpha. The final questionnaire after the implementation was analyzed among the students of technical and vocational schools with SPSS19 software. The sample size was considered to be 384 in Cochran's formula. The results showed two main components that the role of knowledge component (t=12.3365, p &lt;0.01) and skill component (t = 229.5 and p &lt;0.01) were too moderate in terms of technology-related curriculum. The results of Friedman's test revealed the role of the knowledge component of the competencies associated with technology in the curriculum above skill roles. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        286 - Designing a Competency-Based Curriculum in Higher VET Education (Case Study: University of Applied Sciences)
        Maryam Hadizadeh Aliakbar khosravibabadi Alireza Assareh Reza Norouzzadeh
        10.30486/jsre.2020.1900348.1650
        The purpose of this study was to design a competency-based curriculum in VET higher education system based on a paradigmatic model. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method. Data were collected through semi-structured interview More
        The purpose of this study was to design a competency-based curriculum in VET higher education system based on a paradigmatic model. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and researcher notes and observations and analyzed using the grounded theory strategy. The statistical population consisted of curriculum experts who selected 16 individuals by purposeful sampling. Validity and reliability were ensured by using member checking, transient coding agreement, expert review of results, and peer review techniques. Findings were divided into six groups of categories: 1. Causal factors or conditions 2. Core phenomenon 3. Strategic categories 4. Background conditions 5. Mediating categories, and 6. Outcome categories as identified and explained. Suggestions graduates were made to improve the quality of the production and implementation process of higher education VET curricula, especially at the University of Applied Science to increase the employability of the graduates. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        287 - Uncovering the Competencies of Teachers in Nomadic Tribes: A Phenomenological Study
        Yaghoub rahimi pordanjani maryam shafiei sarvestani jaafar jahani Mehdi Mohammadi
        10.30486/jsre.2020.1901137.1655
        The purpose of the present study was to explore the competencies of teachers working nomadic tribes. It done a qualitative research based on Husserlian phenomenology. The selection of potential participants was based on the criteria of the country's climatic conditions More
        The purpose of the present study was to explore the competencies of teachers working nomadic tribes. It done a qualitative research based on Husserlian phenomenology. The selection of potential participants was based on the criteria of the country's climatic conditions in three climatic zones (mountainous, Caspian and hot and dry) in four provinces of Jahar Mahal and Bakhtiari, Gilan, South Khorasan and Fars. Because teachers with work experience in these provinces cover all three types of weather conditions.Participants in the study consisted of 57 teachers with experience in teaching in nomadic nomadic areas with targeted sampling approach and snowball method. Theoretical saturation was the measure for determining the adequacy of the number of participants. Semi-structured interviews were used as the qualitative data collection instrument. The acceptability and reliability criteria for qualitative data were used to determine the initial validity of the collected data. Given the qualitative approach in this research, thematic analysis was conducted to develop a network of themes signifying the competencies of teachers in nomadic tribes. The themes in this network were classified into basic, first-level organizing, second-level organizing and global themes. The data were initially codified, and a total of 223 basic codes were combined and integrated to form 170 basic themes and 28 first-level organizing themes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        288 - Teachers' knowledge and pedagogical competencies
        Ebrahim Esabat Tabari Mohammad norian Kiumars Damsaz
        10.30486/jsre.2022.1913797.1763
        This study aimed to study systematically and present a meta-synthesis of researches over the past 20 years on teacher's pedagogic content knowledge (pck) competencies. The approach used in this study included discretional qualitative research synthesis which was fulfill More
        This study aimed to study systematically and present a meta-synthesis of researches over the past 20 years on teacher's pedagogic content knowledge (pck) competencies. The approach used in this study included discretional qualitative research synthesis which was fulfilled through content analysis and metasynthesis. The researcher reached data saturation level with 43 studies of all the researches on the topic as a statistical population. By extracting the results in terms of semantic units and coding of competencies, 74 codes were generated in the first step and organized in 13 categories through the meta-synthesis method and finally three themes of competencies were obtained. Themes of competencies and categories are1- Theme of prerequisite competencies with five components: general competencies, communication skills, interest in teaching profession, professional development, teacher character. Lessons for teaching, learners 'knowledge and general competence. 3- The theme of performance and evaluation competencies was classified with seven components: student activation, classroom management, learners' knowledge, organization of teaching and learning processes, communication skills and teaching skills. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        289 - Identify the professional competences of elementary teachers in bilingual areas
        roghaye shokrollahi Marzieh Dehghani Mohammad Javadipoor Keyvan Salehi Ali Nouri
        10.30486/jsre.2021.1884983.1521
        The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and with the aim of identifying the professional competencies of primary school teachers in bilingual areas. For this purpose, using the documentary method and taking into account the criteria of document quali More
        The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and with the aim of identifying the professional competencies of primary school teachers in bilingual areas. For this purpose, using the documentary method and taking into account the criteria of document quality, 70 published documents related to the professional competence of teachers and bilingualism, including 63 foreign documents and 7 internal documents, in the period 20-20000 2000 from among the written Persian sources. And English was purposefully chosen. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data. In order to confirm the accuracy of the data, regarding the validity of the study, the research method was used by the members of the research and trial (data, sources and methods). Data analysis resulted in identification (75 basic themes, 7 first level organizing themes and 14 second level organizing themes and 1 comprehensive theme). The results showed that teachers' professional competence is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of the education system and especially improving the level and depth of learning of bilingual students. Therefore, it is suggested that the educational system, by prioritizing the linguistic and cultural needs of bilingual students, provide the necessary ground for selecting and cultivating the basic competencies of teachers in these areas, and as a result, move intelligently to move towards efficiency and productivity. Organize and improve the quality of bilingual students' learning Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        290 - Planning a Framework for Entrepreneurship Workshop for Professional Competency Promotion of Urmia University Faculty Members Based on Entrepreneurship National Organization Standards and its validation based on Expert’s viewpoints
        Parvaneh Taghinezhad Ezatollah Naderi Maryam Seif Naraghi
        10.30486/jsre.2022.1938225.1962
        The purpose of this study was to Planning a Framework for Entrepreneurship Workshop for Professional Competency Promotion of Urmia University Faculty Members Based on Entrepreneurship National Organization Standards and its Evaluation Experts. Methodologically, this stu More
        The purpose of this study was to Planning a Framework for Entrepreneurship Workshop for Professional Competency Promotion of Urmia University Faculty Members Based on Entrepreneurship National Organization Standards and its Evaluation Experts. Methodologically, this study was a "mixed" exploratory study. The statistical population were three group including all faculty members of University, curriculum planning specialists, and entrepreneurship specialists of Urmia universities. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was sent to all individuals. After the necessary follow-ups, in some cases, contact with individuals, we received 27 questionnaires from curriculum specialists, 261 from university faculty members and 49 from entrepreneurship specialists. In designing the proposed curriculum for workshops extracted and suggested features were categorized in three areas including "cognitive", "emotional" and "skills". Finding showed that there were about 11 features for the "objectives" element of the workshop curriculum, 13 features for "content", 12 Features for "learning activities", 18 features for "teaching methods", and 9 features for "evaluation". Descriptive statistics were used to examine the views of different groups on the proposed features and Chi-square test was used to validate the proposed framework; Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and Visio software was used to draw the final pattern. Findings showed that the validity of the proposed framework is valid for the sample groups. It is suggested that the obtained findings be used to develop the curriculum of entrepreneurship training workshops for faculties. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        291 - Identifying and explaining the dimensions, components and indicators of the teacher's competence as a lifelong learner:A synthesis study
        tahereh ahmadi parvin samadi parvin ahmadi
        10.30486/jsre.2022.1958670.2158
        The aim of the current research was to identify and explain the dimensions, components and indicators of the teacher's competence as a lifelong learner in related documents. The approach of the research is of a qualitative type with a meta-composite strategy and using t More
        The aim of the current research was to identify and explain the dimensions, components and indicators of the teacher's competence as a lifelong learner in related documents. The approach of the research is of a qualitative type with a meta-composite strategy and using the method of Sandelowski and Barroso. The required data were collected by searching the documents in the databases. Keywords lifelong learning, curiosity, lifelong learner, self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, informal learning, etc. were used to search internal and external databases without applying time limits. The inclusion criteria of the articles included: 1) theses, books and scientific research articles centered on the teacher as a lifelong learner, which were published in domestic and foreign databases. 2) The topic of the research was teacher learning. The field of research is authoritative articles and books in the field of the teacher as a lifelong learner, which was identified based on the entry criteria of 210 cases and finally 53 foreign documents and 4 internal documents were analyzed using MaxQDA 2020 software. In order to validate the findings, the method of triangulation of data sources was used. By analyzing the documents, 96 concepts were extracted and grouped into 57 concepts. Finally, the concepts of the same category are the 4 final concepts of "personal mechanism ,motivational mechanism ,"information and technology literacy mechanism, and "activism mechanism Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        292 - The relationship between teachers' teaching methods and techniques with the mediating role of democratic social education competencies
        parnian taghipour hoveyzi Aliakbar Shaikhi fini mahmoud mehrmohammadi seyed AbdulWahab samavi
        10.30486/jsre.2023.1978601.2289
        This article amied to examine and determine the suitability of the educational techniques and methods employed in teaching democratic social education competencies through the explicit curriculum. A mixed-method approach was adopted for this purpose. This study focuses More
        This article amied to examine and determine the suitability of the educational techniques and methods employed in teaching democratic social education competencies through the explicit curriculum. A mixed-method approach was adopted for this purpose. This study focuses on 13 professors from Farhangian University in Hormozgan province, serving as participants in the research. A combination of stratified and purposeful sampling methods was used to select the participants. The research utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods. Semi-structured interviews and observation were used for the qualitative portion, while the quantitative part employed the demographic method and a checklist with 26 items and a 3-point Likert scale. The checklist was created by an observation researcher and had an estimated reliability of 84%. The one-sample t-test was used to analyze the data obtained from observing the teaching methods and techniques of the professors in the quantitative part. Thematic analysis and MAXQDA software were used to analyze the information for the qualitative portion. The results of the study indicated that the level of appropriateness for all competence components of democratic social education, except for spiritual, political, and technology-based competence was favorable. A noteworthy correlation was found between professors' scores in utilizing teaching methods to acquire competencies and demographic variables such as teaching experience, academic rank, and field of study. However, no significant variation was observed based on gender. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        293 - Designing a competency-based counseling and guidance bachelor's curriculum template (Farhangian University case study)
        Naser Shirkavand hossein moameni mahmuee Hossein Sahebdel Asado llah Zangoei
        10.30486/jsre.2023.1920673.1825
        The purpose of this research is to design and validate the competency-based curriculum model for the counseling and guidance undergraduate course of Farhangian University. The approach of the current research is qualitative and theoretical research. The statistical popu More
        The purpose of this research is to design and validate the competency-based curriculum model for the counseling and guidance undergraduate course of Farhangian University. The approach of the current research is qualitative and theoretical research. The statistical population of the research included professors and experts, using the snowball sampling method, 12 professors were selected as a statistical sample. To collect information from a semi-structured interview. Data analysis was done using the coding method and through Max Kyuda software. In order to check the reliability of the data, Guba and Lincoln (1980) criteria and methods such as Eisner's expertise and criticism were used. In this research, 5 themes, 11 main categories and 33 sub-categories were identified, which themes include goals, which include 2 categories of subjective and objective goals and 4 sub-categories. The content of the categories of educational materials and resources included 2 categories of educational space and educational resources and 4 sub-categories, the content of educational strategies included 2 categories of educational strategies and teaching strategies and 5 sub-categories, the content of evaluation included 2 general and partial evaluation categories and 4 sub-categories. According to the identified components, the proposed model can be taken into consideration in order to improve the competence of undergraduate counseling and guidance students of Farhangian University. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        294 - Analysis of Available Methods for Maximum Unambiguous Range Demystification in High Pulse Repetition Frequency Radars
        Reza Fatemimofrad Morteza Shahidinasab
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        295 - Platform-Based Business Strategy
        Marzieh Eskandari Fatemeh shokri saravi
        Abstract: Platform-based business strategy is actually a novel approach to industry and trade that has emerged by new technologies and methods. This strategy is not necessarily loyal to the business traditional rules, and has redefined a great number of the fundamental More
        Abstract: Platform-based business strategy is actually a novel approach to industry and trade that has emerged by new technologies and methods. This strategy is not necessarily loyal to the business traditional rules, and has redefined a great number of the fundamental concepts. The previous models such as value-chain analysis or Porter&rsquo;s model (and its modified strategies which describes a couple of mix strategies such as three basic value disciplines) are replaced by network effects and monetization strategies and the success of platform-based business strategies has led to a noticeable growth in the field of business strategies instead of using traditional methods and the substitute of traditional methods with these new strategies are increasing more and more. In this study, we explore the idea of platform-based business strategies using a number of analytic approaches. Furthermore, employing several concepts such as the network effect and monetization strategies, we examine the economic and organizational aspects of this family of businesses. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        296 - HEAL: Hybrid Education and Learning in STEM
        Marzieh Eskandari Mohamad Ala Saadeghvaziri Bahram Sadeghi Bigham
        Introduction: Despite the significant growth of theoretical teaching methods and the development of teaching aids, there are still many problems in the education system, especially in universities. In similar conditions, the challenges of education and problems after gr More
        Introduction: Despite the significant growth of theoretical teaching methods and the development of teaching aids, there are still many problems in the education system, especially in universities. In similar conditions, the challenges of education and problems after graduation in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are more obvious. Although today there is a large amount of research on how to deal with the issues related to the quality of education, these methods were generally not successful and most of those who finish a degree in the university, are usually unprepared. They are not required to enter the labor market. In this article, a hybrid method called HEAL is introduced, which is especially effective in STEM education. This proposed approach can be considered a combination of teaching and learning and is a transformation that leads a person from being a mere student to becoming an active learner. The main idea of this approach is based on the fact that in university, a student is expected to be a researcher of knowledge, unlike a student who acquires knowledge through education.Method: hybrid education and learning (HEAL) is a skill-based, time-based method of instruction that combines face-to-face learning and virtual learning. Proficiency-oriented, time-based education provides a model in which students who fail to earn a passing grade or complete a course during a semester are given time to demonstrate competency.Findings: The basic philosophy of HEAL is to prove the skills and abilities of students, with an approach similar to the driver's license test. This means that if the test is failed, the learner is given an opportunity to improve and try another way to demonstrate mastery. The financial capability of universities is the most important factor in making this approach operational. However, this financial burden is negligible compared to course repetition, delayed graduation, and sometimes even more academic failure. HEAL removes the fear of exams and failure and increases the love of learning.Discussion: The combination of face-to-face and virtual learning can become a wider trend in the university. While we must remember the fact that nothing can replace face-to-face training and the need for student-faculty interaction. In this research, a method for teaching in universities was discussed, in which time-based and competency-based education are combined with face-to-face and virtual learning, which can be a successful approach with the aim of reducing academic retention. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        297 - Provide a new approach to identify and detect credit card fraud using ANN - ICA
        Javad Balaee kodehi Mohammad Tahghighi Sharabyan
        Introduction: The imperialistic competition algorithm is a method in the field of evolutionary computing that deals with finding the optimal answer to various optimization problems. This algorithm provides an algorithm for solving mathematical optimization problems by m More
        Introduction: The imperialistic competition algorithm is a method in the field of evolutionary computing that deals with finding the optimal answer to various optimization problems. This algorithm provides an algorithm for solving mathematical optimization problems by mathematical modeling the socio-political evolution process. The imperialistic competition algorithm forms an initial set of possible answers. These initial answers are known as chromosomes in the genetic algorithm, particles in the particle swarm algorithm, and countries in the imperialistic competition algorithm. The imperialistic competition algorithm gradually improves these initial solutions (countries) with a special process that follows and finally provides the appropriate solution to the optimization problem. By imitating the process of the social, economic, and political evolution of countries and by mathematically modeling parts of this process, this algorithm presents operators in a regular form as an algorithm that can help solve complex optimization problems. In fact, this algorithm looks at the solutions of the optimization problem in the form of countries and tries to gradually improve these solutions during an iterative process and finally reach the optimal solution of the problem.Method: The proposed algorithm of this article (combined algorithm of neural network and colonial competition) has used the social-political process of the imperialistic competition algorithm with mathematical modeling in order to provide a strong and efficient algorithm in the field of diagnosis optimization.Findings: Our experiments proved that neural data classification using the transaction rejection option can lead us to a very low error rate, while we are looking for a very high detection rate. In this study, we reached an accuracy rate of 98.54, which is a higher accuracy rate compared to previous methods.Discussion: In this research, credit card fraud detection has been done with the aim of identifying the fraud rate, increasing the accuracy, and applying the lowest system error rate using neural networks and combining it with the colonial competition algorithm. Also, effective features were extracted in the evaluation of fraud detection. It can be concluded that the proposed classification system can have a very high detection performance in credit card financial transactions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        298 - Presenting a grounded theory model of Iranian sports coaching competency
        Alireza Zamani Nukaabadi
        10.30486/4s.2023.1975645.1088
        Introduction: Coaching competence has grown from the conceptual model of coaching efficiency and is defined as the evaluation of the coach's ability to influence the learning and performance of athletes, but in a wide range it can be considered as the athletes' percepti More
        Introduction: Coaching competence has grown from the conceptual model of coaching efficiency and is defined as the evaluation of the coach's ability to influence the learning and performance of athletes, but in a wide range it can be considered as the athletes' perceptions of coaching behavior. The aim of this study was to study the competency of sports coaching with Glaser-based data approach. Methodology: Philosophically, this research is in an interpretative paradigm and of a qualitative research type, in which the exploratory approach and theory formulation model were used. In this research, Glazer's approach (which is an Emerging Design of data-based theory) was used. The population of the study was coaches and athletes who had at least ten years of continuous experience in high levels of sports and physical education and sports science education. The purposeful sampling method was used to select the participants. Participants in the study were twenty coaches and athletes who were active in championship, sport for all, professional, disabled, fitness, and adventure sports, and were purposefully selected. In-depth interviews were used to collect data. According to the stages of the grounded theory research method, the theoretical sampling process continued until the theoretical adequacy was achieved. Theoretical saturation was achieved in the 17th interview, but 3 more interviews were also conducted. Analysis data in three stages of open, theoretical and selective coding, and the causes, Contingent, Context, Condition and Consequence of sports coaching competence were identified. Finding: Causes included coaching knowledge, coaching philosophy, and sports experience. Coaching knowledge included sports science, coaching science, pedagogy knowledge, specialized knowledge of sports and practical knowledge. Coaching philosophy included central values and beliefs, love for coaching and artistic thinking, and sports experiences included sports experiences as athletes, experiences as trainees, and experiences as assistants. Contingent included individual characteristics, strong social relationships, being model, and a desire for growth and excellence that formed the category of individual competence. Conditions included skills, behavior, and role-playing that formed the category of professional competence. Context included managing and recognizing the sports environment, which formed the category of managerial competence. Consequent included sport results and social results. Sport results include Improving the physical components of the players, improving the technical components of the players, identifying and developing the talent of the players, preparing the athletes to participate in sports fields and high victory records. Social results included Education and training of ethical athletes, instilling a good role model in athletes, creating a sense of healthy competition in athletes, instilling motivation to progress and hope in athletes, draining negative emotions in athletes, promoting a desirable lifestyle in athletes, developing the creativity of athletes.Conclusion: Management competence provides the context for coaching competence. Professional competence provides the conditions for coaching competence. Individual competence provides the requirements for coaching competence. Three factors (coaching knowledge, philosophe, sport' experiences) directly and three factors (management, professional and individual' competencies) indirectly affect coaching competency. Based on the findings, it can be stated that various factors are involved in coaching competence and coaching competence is a multifaceted phenomenon. The competence of the coach has a positive relationship with people's passion for sports, and the more competent the coach is, the more motivation and enthusiasm she can provide for the athletes. The result of a sports coach's competence is the trust of the players, managers and fans in that coach, and the higher the level of competence of the coach is perceived, the more trust she/he has. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        299 - Fan Cultural Competencies in Football
        Salmann Azarbayejani Saeed Sharifi Ali Rashipoor
        Objective: Considering that football, as a popular sport, is based on the supporter&#039;s axis, the importance of supporter&#039;s cultural competence has become an important issue despite the presence of multicultural environments. In order to understand it, the prese More
        Objective: Considering that football, as a popular sport, is based on the supporter&#039;s axis, the importance of supporter&#039;s cultural competence has become an important issue despite the presence of multicultural environments. In order to understand it, the present study aims to analyze the lived experience of fans in football. Fan cultural competencies have become an important issue due to the fan-centric nature of football as a popular sport on the one hand and the importance of competencies in multicultural environments. To understand it, the present study intends to analyze the lived experience of fans in the sport of football. Accordingly, the purpose of phenomenological research is the lived experience of fans in football in the field of understanding the cultural competencies of fans. Methodology: The phenomenological research method is descriptive and based on the collage model. The research community was members of the Sepahan Isfahan Sports Fans Association and the club&#039;s cultural directors of these, 20 research samples were saturated. The purposive sampling method was standard dependent and inconsistent. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the data was verified through external auditors, in-depth descriptions, return to interviewees, and two coders. Results: After implementing information and coding the data, the research findings were classified into three categories including cognitive, emotional and behavioral competencies. Cognitive competencies include advocacy literacy development, awareness gap control, avoidance of social and cultural bias, strengthening positive cultural memory and attitudes, and behavioral competencies including cultural self-efficacy, cultural monitoring, role modeling and social and cultural responsibility, and emotional competencies including emotional capital development, strengthens self-will, reproduces the culture of youth and strengthens women&#039;s culture. Conclusion: The cultural competences of the fans will be one of the main prerequisites of sports with the breadth and cultural diversity resulting from multicultural environments. The growing trend of cultural and sports clubs&#039; fan centers trying to turn ordinary people into professional fans increases the need to pay attention to these skills. There is a capacity of sports enthusiasts to accept the fan club as a value-added feature for the sports club. Paying attention to cultural competencies creates a competitive advantage for the clubs that develop the fan base. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        300 - Identifying Factors affecting Organizational Dynamics with a Social Sociological approach (case study: Ministry of Sports and Youth)
        Mohammad Moradi mina Mostahfezian Hamid Ghasemi Hamid Zahedi
        10.30486/4s.2023.1985837.1120
        The sociology of sports is that all phenomena and events cannot be one-sided and one-dimensional, but rather complex and complex that express realities. Concepts and phenomena gain meaning when they are examined as concrete and connected realities in relation to other s More
        The sociology of sports is that all phenomena and events cannot be one-sided and one-dimensional, but rather complex and complex that express realities. Concepts and phenomena gain meaning when they are examined as concrete and connected realities in relation to other social realities (Brett, 2009). This is despite the fact that social order is one of the most important issues and topics discussed and, accordingly, it is one of the most central areas of sociological knowledge. On the other hand, sports in its group form as one of the most important social activities plays an effective role in the cultural conditions of the society. To meet the changing needs of customers, organizations need to produce and provide new and high-standard products and services in a fast and flexible way. The traditional structures of Taylorism that were used effectively in the past are not suitable in today's dynamic and competitive environment. Many scientists in various fields from all over the world came together to respond to this growing pressure. The basis of the success of these scientists is the need for organizational dynamics (Claretha, 2010). Organizational dynamism is a basic approach to managing environmental uncertainty and is considered as the dynamic ability of the organization to actively respond to the changing competitive environment, which may create a sustainable competitive advantage for the company (Ketkar &amp; Sett, 2010). Research Lehman Wilmbrook and Allen (2018) showed that organizational dynamism has a positive and significant effect on the organizational performance of hospitals, and the more dynamic the organization is, the better it can react to environmental changes. In their research results, Besli et al. (2023) acknowledge that organizational culture is one of the factors influencing organizational dynamics. A review of the background of the research shows that a research that has not been done specifically to examine and identify the factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a sociological approach; Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a social sociological approach and providing solutions to improve the current situation.MethodologyThis research was conducted in a mixed way in terms of practical orientation and in terms of data collection methods. The statistical population in the quantitative section also includes the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, 371 people were selected. According to the nature of the research, data collection in the first part was done using in-depth semi-structured interviews in order to conduct the interview, The reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. The value of alpha coefficient in this research for the used questionnaire was reported as 0.89. The method of data analysis was used in the qualitative section according to the foundation's data theory method. This method emphasizes the use of data analysis steps through open, central and selective coding, and in the quantitative part, using inferential statistics methods including calculating the construct validity of the questionnaire and examining its exploratory factor analysis structure using Spss version 24 software. The calculation and testing of the final model of the research was done with the analysis of structural equations through Imus 24 software.Findings In the continuation of the goodness of fit test, the research model was confirmed. The indices along with the coefficients obtained from the research are mentioned in the table below.Table 1. Fit indices for the research modelModel fit indices AGFI GFI CFI IFI NFI RMR RMSEA CMIN/DFThe amount obtained 0.80&gt;80 0.80&gt; 0.80&gt; 0.80&gt; 0.80&gt; 0.1&lt; 0.1&lt; 3&lt;Criterion value 0.91 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.067 2.94Based on the index values presented for this model in Table 5, the Kaido index is less than 3 for its degree of freedom, and the fit indices of NFI, CFI, IFI, GFI and AGFI are greater than 0.8, RMSEA and RMR are also smaller than 0.1. that confirmed the fit of the model.ConclusionConsidering the importance of organizational dynamics in the current situation, for the country's sports organizations, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the identification of the influencing factors on the dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth in the form of a model. In this research, 7 influencing factors on organizational dynamics were identified, and their prioritization includes organizational structure, human resources, new management style, organizational policies, organizational culture, competitiveness, and acceptance of change.Based on the results of this research, one should look for approaches to change the socio-cognitive behavior of the employees of sports organizations; Because according to the results of the present study, changing the approach towards dynamic organizations is the only way to deal with continuous environmental changes and crises in sports; Therefore, according to the findings of the current research, it is recommended to the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and their subordinate organizations to use the necessary planning and investment for the development of dynamics in sports organizations based on the identified priorities, in order to deal with the continuous changes in the environment. While responding faster and coordinating with new laws and conditions, achieve the desired goals of the organization with creativity and discovery of innovative processes. Among the limitations of the current research in the qualitative part of the research is the possibility of different interpretations of the phenomenon under investigation, and naturally, the interpretation made of the phenomenon studied in this research is only one of the possible and acceptable interpretations about it. In the quantitative part, the impossibility of controlling environmental factors on statistical samples when answering questions is one of the limitations of the research. Finally, it can be said that the findings of this research clearly pointed to important steps that can lead to the improvement of the existing dynamic situation of the organization with a social sociological approach to reach the desired situation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        301 - Analyzing the Meaning of the Garden Carpet Found in Astan Quds Razavi based on Emil Male's Opinion
        Sahel Erfanmanesh
        10.30486/pia.2023.1974433.1021
        Garden carpets are a type of rug that gained popularity during the late Safavid period. One prominent example of this type is a carpet housed in the Astan Quds Museum. One notable feature of this carpet, which serves the function of Sajdah, is the inclusion of 'Sajdah' More
        Garden carpets are a type of rug that gained popularity during the late Safavid period. One prominent example of this type is a carpet housed in the Astan Quds Museum. One notable feature of this carpet, which serves the function of Sajdah, is the inclusion of 'Sajdah' written on the front of the altar. The motifs employed in these carpets, in addition to the mihrab and a zikr on the front of the mihrab, include flying birds and thirteen fish inside the mihrab. Given that animal designs are less common in prayer mats, the question arises: What is the relationship between these designs and the rug's function? The research method employed is descriptive-analytical, and the information is gathered through library research. To unravel the meaning of the rug according to its function, it becomes necessary to understand the icons and the concealed codes within them. Hence, the Iconography method developed by Emil Male has been employed to analyze the carpet. The research findings reveal that the carpet incorporates visual symbols of Iranian ascension and excellence along with verbal symbols of Islamic excellence. Consequently, the combination of visual and verbal elements creates a new narrative that underscores Islamic-Iranian excellence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        302 - Reading the Geometric Patterns Used in the Buildings and Carpets of the Timurid- Turkmani Period
        Roghayeh Moradi Lida Balilan Asl
        10.30486/pia.2023.1987354.1038
        The era of Turkman and Timurid rule stands as one of the most illustrious periods of Islamic civilization, characterized by a flourishing of art and architecture. A prominent feature of Timurid-Turkman architecture is the extensive use of geometry, which manifests in th More
        The era of Turkman and Timurid rule stands as one of the most illustrious periods of Islamic civilization, characterized by a flourishing of art and architecture. A prominent feature of Timurid-Turkman architecture is the extensive use of geometry, which manifests in the grandeur and verticality of the buildings from this era. Additionally, the employment of geometric patterns experienced significant growth during this period. This scientific approach found applications in architecture, art, and even in the construction of buildings and related industries like carpet weaving. The Timurid-Turkman period can be regarded as the final epoch in which strong, intricate knots and geometric patterns were prevalent. In subsequent periods, the presence of geometric patterns in architectural decorations diminished. Based on this premise, the present research aims to analyze the presence of geometry and identify pattern similarities between the designs of Timurid-Turkman carpets and the architectural structures of that era. This analysis will be conducted using a historical-analytical-descriptive approach, relying on historical and library sources. The article seeks to examine the geometric patterns employed in the buildings and carpets of the Timurid-Turkman period. The central claim of this article is to demonstrate that the architecture and industries of this era drew inspiration from geometry and geometric patterns. This claim is closely tied to the underlying assumption that not only the carpets from the Timurid-Turkman period but also other types of designs can be found in illustrated manuscripts and workshop records. Geometric designs can be traced back to various dates throughout the century, encompassing the courts of the Timurid-Turkman rulers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        303 - Analyzing the Traditional Motifs of Afshan Carpets of the Pahlavi Period based on Thematic Analysis (Case Study: Malek Museum)
        Maral Shahmoradi Aliakbari Neda Ziabakhsh
        10.30486/pia.2023.1985598.1034
        Carpet weaving is one of the main productions of the Iranian people, passed down from generation to generation. Some of the hand-woven carpets exhibited in museums serve as evidence of this rich heritage. Understanding the structure of these carpets opens the door to un More
        Carpet weaving is one of the main productions of the Iranian people, passed down from generation to generation. Some of the hand-woven carpets exhibited in museums serve as evidence of this rich heritage. Understanding the structure of these carpets opens the door to unraveling the intricacies of their creation. This article aims to explore the physical and conceptual aspects of Afshan carpets, delving into their symbolic meanings. Through applied research and a structural approach, this study contributes to documenting and preserving the fundamental principles underlying Afshan carpets. Using both quantitative and qualitative strategies, along with library and field methods, this research employs descriptive, analytical, adaptive, and inductive reasoning methods to elucidate the philosophical depth and significance of the motifs present in Afshan carpets. To achieve this, a case study approach was adopted, focusing on seven carpets with Afshan designs from the Malek Museum. These carpets were selected based on design homogeneity and the period of their production. The structure and design serve as the two key elements shaping the texture of a carpet. The design principles and rules are influenced by the culture, customs, and religious teachings of the society, manifesting content in symbolic forms. These themes encompass various elements, including plant motifs symbolizing life, imaginary forms prevalent in mystical traditions, and mapping forms found in visual dimensions like the Islimi designs, which represent the concept of unity in diversity and the mystical symbol of monotheism. These elements play a crucial role in shaping the motifs found in Afshan carpets. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        304 - From Ash'arites to Mowlavi about the Substance and Accident and Perpetual Creation
        Fateme Heydari
        The idea of instability of creatures, successive becoming, perpetual creation in philosophical, theological and mysticism thoughts has had different and similar interpretation. Muslim theologians familiarity with Greek and Indian thoughts and mystic explanations and int More
        The idea of instability of creatures, successive becoming, perpetual creation in philosophical, theological and mysticism thoughts has had different and similar interpretation. Muslim theologians familiarity with Greek and Indian thoughts and mystic explanations and interpretations of Quran have left behind different believes in religious and mystical culture. The concept of becoming, in the discussion of the knowledge of the universe of Ash'arite's theologians in the form of the rule: "The accident doesn&rsquo;t remain in two moments" leads to rejection of causal connections and proving God's absolute authority. Mowlavi&nbsp; teaches to his audiences his thoughts based on his mystical method while he accepts the impact from this rule. He also considers substances to be changing and sees their origins and truth as the Unity which has a different manifestation, moment by moment in addition to accidents. In his belief, levels of existence experience new existence after non-existence in succession of instants and at the same time they are not different from the Unity and they bring up idea of Unity of existence, manifestation and with-ness of God. This article intends to explain how Ash'arite's theologians and Mowlavi Jalal al-Din thought about the concept by analytical-descriptive method Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        305 - بررسی صلاحیت بین فرهنگی معلمان زبان انگلیسی و سطح حساسیت بین فرهنگی: داستان تجربه معلمان
        Sina Khalili Mohammad Mohammadi
        10.30495/jntell.2023.1991817.1074
        چکیدهشایستگی ارتباطی بین فرهنگی (ICC) و حساسیت بین فرهنگی (IS) توجه تعدادی از محققان در زمینه آموزش و یادگیری زبان های خارجی را به خود جلب کرده است. مانند بسیاری از مطالعات دیگر که تاکنون انجام شده است، مطالعه حاضر سعی دارد سطوح ICC (شایستگی ارتباط بین فرهنگی) و IS (حسا More
        چکیدهشایستگی ارتباطی بین فرهنگی (ICC) و حساسیت بین فرهنگی (IS) توجه تعدادی از محققان در زمینه آموزش و یادگیری زبان های خارجی را به خود جلب کرده است. مانند بسیاری از مطالعات دیگر که تاکنون انجام شده است، مطالعه حاضر سعی دارد سطوح ICC (شایستگی ارتباط بین فرهنگی) و IS (حساسیت بین فرهنگی) معلمان زبان انگلیسی (با تجارب کوتاه مدت و بلندمدت تدریس) را بررسی کرده و و آنها را در عمل از طریق اجرای دو پرسشنامه برای کشف ادراکات یا باورهای معلمان زبان انگلیسی زبان ایرانی در درک ICC و حساسیت بین فرهنگی اندازه گیری کند. به منظور دستیابی به اهداف فوق، از طریق یک طرح کمی و توصیفی؛ نمونه ای متشکل از 170 معلم زبان انگلیسی با سابقه تدریس کوتاه مدت (N=82) و بلندمدت (N=88) از موسسات و دبیرستان های مختلف زبان استان آذربایجان غربی برای تکمیل دو پرسشنامه ICC و IS انتخاب شدند. نتایج تحلیل کمی داده ها نشان داد که هر دو گروه از معلمان زبان انگلیسی ایرانی به ICC و IS توجه ویژه ای دارند. همچنین مشخص شد که دو گروه معلمان (با سابقه تدریس کوتاه مدت و سابقه تدریس طولانی مدت) از نظر سطوح ICC و IS تفاوت معنی داری ندارند. به بیان دیگر، اگرچه همه معلمان زبان انگلیسی از مفاهیم ICC و IS و اهمیت آنها در شیوه های تدریس خود آگاه بودند، اما به مفهوم فرهنگ توجه داشتند. کاربردهای آموزشی این مطالعه مورد بحث قرار خواهد گرفت. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        306 - تأثیر تکرار تکلیف بر درک، یادآوری و حفظ دقت زمان در سطوح مختلف مهارت زبانی: مقایسه بین بزرگسالان و کودکان
        Milad Manzari Tavakoli
        10.30495/jntell.2022.697396
        پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تأثیر تکرار تکلیف به‌عنوان یک نوع برنامه‌ریزی کار بر درک، یادآوری و حفظ زمان‌های زبان انگلیسی در میان زبان‌آموزان می‌پردازد. علاوه بر این، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی نقش تعیین کننده سن و سطح مهارت فراگیران با توجه به نتایج تکرار تکلیف انجام شد. بدین منظو More
        پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تأثیر تکرار تکلیف به‌عنوان یک نوع برنامه‌ریزی کار بر درک، یادآوری و حفظ زمان‌های زبان انگلیسی در میان زبان‌آموزان می‌پردازد. علاوه بر این، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی نقش تعیین کننده سن و سطح مهارت فراگیران با توجه به نتایج تکرار تکلیف انجام شد. بدین منظور دو گروه سنی از شرکت کنندگان زن (37 دانش آموز بزرگسال و 38 دانش آموز نوجوان) که بر اساس روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند، در این پژوهش شرکت کردند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده شامل آزمون مهارت و گرامر بود. یک آزمون گرامر، محقق ساخته که به صورت آزمایشی انجام شد و پایایی آن از طریق KR-21 (0.81) تأیید شد، به عنوان پیش آزمون و پس آزمون مطالعه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. در نهایت داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار اس پی اس اس مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت و توسط محقق تفسیر شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد که درمان اتخاذ شده در این پژوهش می‌تواند به طور قابل توجهی به فراگیران گروه جوان کمک کند تا تسلط خود را بر استفاده از زمان‌های زبان انگلیسی افزایش دهند. این موضوع از نظر آماری در مورد نمرات به دست آمده توسط فراگیران در پس آزمون درست است. در همین راستا، سطح مهارت فراگیران نیز به عنوان یک عامل تعیین کننده در مورد اثربخشی روش شناخته شد. نتایج عمدتاً نشان می‌دهد که یادگیری زبان زمانی بهتر به دست می‌آید که موضوعات جالب جدید به کلاس دانش‌آموزان آورده شود تا با مواد کلاسی آنها آموزش داده شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        307 - بررسی دانش بین فرهنگی در وبسایتهای ایرانی و آمریکایی با توجه به تئوری ابعاد فرهنگی هافستد
        Najmeh Maghsoudi
        10.30495/jntell.2023.1985928.1064
        یکی ازمهمترین موارد در حوزه جامعه شناسی زبان، دانش بین فرهنگی است که دربرگیرنده ارتباطات بین افراد دارای سوابق فرهنگی متفاوت میباشد. این یک واقعیت انکار ناپذیر است که برای ارتباط موثر، علاوه بر دانش زبانی، اطلاعات بین فرهنگی نیز مورد نیاز است. یکی از حوزه های متاثر از د More
        یکی ازمهمترین موارد در حوزه جامعه شناسی زبان، دانش بین فرهنگی است که دربرگیرنده ارتباطات بین افراد دارای سوابق فرهنگی متفاوت میباشد. این یک واقعیت انکار ناپذیر است که برای ارتباط موثر، علاوه بر دانش زبانی، اطلاعات بین فرهنگی نیز مورد نیاز است. یکی از حوزه های متاثر از دانش بین فرهنگی، طراحی وبسایت برای جامعه هدف میباشد. در مطالعه حاضر مقایسه وبسایت بخشهای دولتی و خصوصی دو کشور ایران و آمریکا با توجه به تئوری ابعاد فرهنگی هافستد، استاد و محقق برجسته هلندی در حوزه روان شناسی اجتماعی، انجام شد. این تئوری دارای شش مولفه اصلی شامل فاصله قدرت، فردگرایی در مقابل جمع گرایی، مردسالاری در برابر زن سالاری، ابهام گریزی، رویکرد دراز مدت در برابر رویکرد کوتاه مدت، وافراط در مقابل تفریط است. بررسی محتوای وبسایتهای مذکور موید انعکاس فرهنگ هر کشوربا توجه به مولفه های تئوری هافستد در طراحی وبسایتها بود. بدین مفهوم که طراحان با هدف نیل به ارتباط موثر با مخاطبان، عنایت ویژه ای به نیازها، علایق، ارزشها و هنجارهای فرهنگی داشتند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        308 - Free Vibrations of Three-Parameter Functionally Graded Plates Resting on Pasternak Foundations
        J.E Jam S Kamarian A Pourasghar J Seidi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        309 - A review of sustainable weed management in soybean
        rahman khakzad Rasoul Loghmanpour Zarini
        Weed management is an essential element of successful crop production. In recent years, an exponential rise in human population and drastic changes in climate and production techniques have intensified the crop production systems and increased the weed infestations. The More
        Weed management is an essential element of successful crop production. In recent years, an exponential rise in human population and drastic changes in climate and production techniques have intensified the crop production systems and increased the weed infestations. The evolution of herbicide resistance in a large number of weed species across the world has further aggravated the situation. These circumstances require sustainable weed management tools that can be used effectively to achieve decent crop yields without affecting the environment and ecosystem services negatively. Some of the conventional weed control methods, including the use of preventive measures, tillage and mechanical control, crop competition, soil coverage, crop rotations and crop diversification, are still effective and ecofriendly. No single weed management tactic has proven to be the &ldquo;magic bullet&rdquo; for eliminating weed problems, given the nature of weed communities, but a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that influence the success or failure of weeds in agro-ecosystems will further favor the development and adoption of sustainable weed management systems for agricultural crops. Although the ecologically-based, cultural and physical weed control methods have great potential for sustainable weed management, herbicides cannot be completely left out. In fact, herbicides could be an effective tool in an integrated weed management kit. However, the true integrated weed management strategies must have a balance between chemical and non-chemical options that can be used judiciously in order to achieve a reasonable weed control. Sustainable weed management is an achievable goal provided that efforts are made to diversify the management. In this paper, we will review the most common conventional soybean weed management strategies from a sustainability perspective. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        310 - A Review of Weed Interference Models
        rahman khakzad Mostafa Oviesi Reza Deihimfard
        Weeds represent a continuous problem in agricultural production due to their dynamic and resilient nature. Mathematical models offer a significant tool for understanding and predicting the crop yield losses incurred due to weed-crop interference. Weed-crop competition m More
        Weeds represent a continuous problem in agricultural production due to their dynamic and resilient nature. Mathematical models offer a significant tool for understanding and predicting the crop yield losses incurred due to weed-crop interference. Weed-crop competition models help to inform weed management decisions, both on a short-term basis to tackle the present weed population and in the long term to plan sustainable weed management strategies. Most competition studies are based on empirical models. Empirical functions are the most commonly used models, which provide information for weed threshold values. The limitations of such models are that they are based on statistical functions and usually do not consider biological insights for crop-weed interference. Crop-weed competition is a complex phenomenon, and to understand this, a detailed mechanistic model offers better insights than an empirical model. Mechanistic or explanatory models take into account all underlying processes or mechanisms and their dependence on each other with respect to time and external drivers. Competition models can be integrated within the framework of a decision support system (DSS). In this review, we present empirical and mechanistic models that are currently in use for studying crop-weed interference. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        311 - A new report of two species of Bdellidae (Acari: Prostigmata) from Iran
        Nargess Abbaszadeh Rad Hadi Ostovan Mehdi Gheibi
        Mites of the family Bdellidae are important hunters of small arthropods (most often springtails or mites) on plants and in the soil. During 2009-2010 studies were carried out&nbsp; to collect and identify the mites of the family Bdellidae in Fars Science and Research Ce More
        Mites of the family Bdellidae are important hunters of small arthropods (most often springtails or mites) on plants and in the soil. During 2009-2010 studies were carried out&nbsp; to collect and identify the mites of the family Bdellidae in Fars Science and Research Center in Fars province from different habitats such as soil, plant materials and decaying plants. Mites were extracted by Berlese funnel. After clearing in Lactophenol or Nesbit fluid, mite specimens were mounted into permanent microscopic slides, using the Hoyer&rsquo;s medium. Prepared specimens were identified using related references. A total of 7 species from 5 genera were collected and identified. The list of identified species is as follows. Two new species for Iran mite fauna are marked by an asterisk. Spinibdella cronini (Baker &amp; Block, 1944) Spinibdella thori (Meyer &amp; Ryke, 1959) Spinibdella depressa (Ewing, 1909) Cyta latirostris (Hermann, 1804) Cyta longiseta* (Wallace &amp; Mahon, 1972) Bdella captiosa (Atyeo, 1963) Bdellodes (Haploscirus) petila* (Atyeo, 1963) Odontoscirus sp. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        312 - Many algorithms for approximation of restrained 2-rainbow domination in GP(n,5)
        Mojtaba Ghanbari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        313 - Upper bounds for 2-restrained domination number of GP(n,2)
        Mojtaba Ghanbari Mehdi Jalinoosi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        314 - Analysis and study of elements and artistic images of nature in the poems of Saadi and Petrarch with emphasis on illustrated copies
        ashraf sadat ashrafi Mohammadreza Asad Fateme Asgari
        The present article is a comparative comparison between Saadi's sonnets and Petrarch's sonnets, which deals with the aesthetic aspects of nature, illustrations and poetic imagery in the form of similes, metaphors and symbols; Attention has been paid.Saadi, a great poet More
        The present article is a comparative comparison between Saadi's sonnets and Petrarch's sonnets, which deals with the aesthetic aspects of nature, illustrations and poetic imagery in the form of similes, metaphors and symbols; Attention has been paid.Saadi, a great poet of love, and Petrarch father of Humanism, use nature and its various elements not only to describe their ownstate of mind but also to emphasize the beauty of their loved one. At a first sightusage of nature made by two poets appears identical, but with a more careful analytical study we realize some points of divergence at the level of poetic conception that exists in the two poetry collections. So knowing poetic traditions and very different linguistic styles bring us closer to poetic cultures far from our poetic raditionalready known for its lyricism and this is a factor that helps to enrich ourindepth cultural knowledge . The research method adopted is descriptive and analytical with a comparative approach between the two selected corpuses. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        315 - The magic of proximity in Saadi's lyric poems
        shaiestehsadat hoseini robat Enayat allah shrifpour Gholam Abbas zakeri
        The magic of proximity as one of the components of formalism plays a prominent role in the artistic expression of speech. In fact, this topic deals with the balance between phonemes and words. And from this perspective, we can mention many rhetorical elements such as re More
        The magic of proximity as one of the components of formalism plays a prominent role in the artistic expression of speech. In fact, this topic deals with the balance between phonemes and words. And from this perspective, we can mention many rhetorical elements such as repetition, phonology, types of puns, prostration, arrangement and balance, and other industries. Phonetic accompaniment creates music from this perspective, enchants the audience and induces meaning. In this way, it adds to the audience In such a way that sometimes words that are not related to each other in terms of meaning and their similarity is only in terms of phonetics are accepted. 's pleasure.And the mind seeks to discover meaning for them, and the poet or writer-artist will be more successful in inducing his desired goals and meanings by using this technique.In this article, using descriptive method and providing examples, we examined the magical effects of proximity in Saadi's lyric poems.It can be said that the magical effects of proximity in Saadi's sonnets, according to the division of kourosh safavi from the types of balance, can be mentioned more in the subset of phonetic balance, and through this, Saadi has increased the influence of his words. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        316 - musical elements in kimiyaye sa'adat the study of
        hossein etehadi maryam shaban zadeh
        Sufi prose is a kind of Persian prose which, due to a enjoying different kinds of internal musical effects especially repetition, rhyme and pun ,has a tonal language. Moreover, in some cases, the prosodic rhythmic phrases, used in this kind of prose, which lead to more More
        Sufi prose is a kind of Persian prose which, due to a enjoying different kinds of internal musical effects especially repetition, rhyme and pun ,has a tonal language. Moreover, in some cases, the prosodic rhythmic phrases, used in this kind of prose, which lead to more and more closely, it is the language of poetry. The weight of prosodic and musical &nbsp;elements of the internal differentiation of stereotypical language, which are caused by bumps and weirdness words. In this article, a book by Mohammad Ghazali The, kimiyaye&nbsp; sa'adat which is one of the most important texts sufis, from the perspective of the musical elements have been studied. These studies show that, of all the elements Ghazali, whose influence in making instrumental music, the book has benefited The. Kimiyaye&nbsp; sa'adat He used the harmony of sound and words and sentences and phrases harmonic frequency, while creating a rhythmic, in some cases, are intended to convey and instill been successful. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        317 - Raising EFL Learners’ Pragmatic Competence via Teaching Compliments: The Case of Explicit vs Implicit Instruction in Focus
        Hossein Isaee Hamed Barjesteh
        Teaching the English language involves not only the lexical and grammatical systems but also the implicatures, implied meanings, and the influence of context/culture on interpretation (Tanduk, 2023), which are invisible and hard to teach. In effect, the researchers aime More
        Teaching the English language involves not only the lexical and grammatical systems but also the implicatures, implied meanings, and the influence of context/culture on interpretation (Tanduk, 2023), which are invisible and hard to teach. In effect, the researchers aimed to investigate whether explicit and implicit instruction of compliment speech acts could help EFL learners achieve pragmatic appropriateness in authentic communication. The study comprised 60 intermediate EFL learners, 21 males, and 39 females, from a private English language institute in Amol. Participants were divided into two groups of 30 learners each - explicit and non-explicit. The teacher-researchers taught both groups how to give and respond to compliments, using explicit techniques for one group and implicit techniques for the other. Participants received a Written Discourse Completion Task (WDCT) before and after the intervention to evaluate their pragmatic competence. The obtained data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and a noteworthy disparity between the pre-test and post-test scores of both groups was revealed. Although both methods enhanced the pragmatic competence of EFL learners, the explicit group demonstrated more significant improvement compared to the implicit group. Findings testify that appropriate instruction can lead to better outcomes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        318 - Investigating Iranian EFL Learners' Attitudes towards the Role of Culture and Intercultural Awareness
        Sousan Sattar Boroujeni
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        319 - Analysis of Cultural Scripts of Suggestions and Rejection of Suggestions in Persian and English within Natural Semantic Metalanguage Framework
        Mostafa Zamanian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        320 - Effect of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) Densities on Yield and Yield Components of Cotton
        Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Mojtaba Velayati Mahmoud Attarzadeh
        In order to evaluate the effect of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) densities on yield and yield components of cotton, a field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research station in Birjand University, Iran. A factorial More
        In order to evaluate the effect of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) densities on yield and yield components of cotton, a field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research station in Birjand University, Iran. A factorial experiment was carried out in a complete block design with three replications. Treatments included weed density (0, 6, 9, 12 plants.m-2) and crop density (6, 9, 12 plants.m-2). Three pure stand of common lambsquarter densities (6, 9, 12 plants.m-2) was added to each block. Results indicated that there was a significant decrease in yield and yield components of cotton under weed densities. Six plants.m-2 of weed caused 15% decrease in seed cotton and increase of weed density up to 9 and 12 plants/m2 caused further decrease in seed cotton. These weed densities (6, 9 and 12 plants.m-2) caused 16, 30 and 45% decrease in cotton seeds respectively. Lint yield was decreased 13, 24 and 42% as weed density increased from 6 plants.m-2 to 9 and 12 respectively. In this experiment, increasing cotton density was able to soften the negative impact of increasing weed density. Increasing crop density can be utilized effectively to minimize cotton yield reduction due to weed interference. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        321 - Effect of Cultivar and Different Plant Density of Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on Population and Weed Growth
        Masoud Kamel Seyed Hossein Nazer Kakhki Nasim Rezvani Nader Mohammadi
        This study was carried out to investigate the competition of weeds with different cultivars and planting densities of red beans over two years. The experiment was completely randomized block with factorial arrangement and three replications per treatment. The treatments More
        This study was carried out to investigate the competition of weeds with different cultivars and planting densities of red beans over two years. The experiment was completely randomized block with factorial arrangement and three replications per treatment. The treatments included beans cultivars (Sayyad, Derakhshan and Zanjan local seed lot), row spacing (20 and 30 cm)anddensities (20, 30, 40 and 50plants persquare meter). The number and the dry weight ofweedspecieswere determined at four-leafstage, 50% flowering and maturity. The resultsshowed thatweedspecies of bean were green foxteil(Setaria viridis),tumble weed(Amaranthus albus),lambsquarter(Chenopodium album),barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli)andredroot pigweed(Amaranthus retroflexys) within two years. Zanjan local seed lot with densities of 30 and 40 plants per square meter and row spacing of 30 cm and densities of 40 plants per square meter with 20 cm row spacing were the most tolerance to the presence of weeds along with higher yield. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        322 - The investigation of the affectivity of various types of cash flows in a diversified capital structure based on the type of strategy
        Mehrdad Ghanbari Mahsa Moradi
        10.22034/amfa.2019.584639.1177
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        323 - The Effects of the CEO’s Perceptual Bias in Economic Decision-Making and Judgment on the Capabilities of the Financial Reporting Quality
        Mohsen Heydari Mohammadreza Abdoli
        10.22034/amfa.2019.1864633.1201
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        324 - Optimization Bi Objective for Designing Sustainable Supply Chain Network Economic based Competition by Cost Management Approach
        Reza Ehtesham Rasi
        10.22034/amfa.2020.1881758.1326
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        325 - Cost Malmquist Productivity index in non competitive environment of price in Data Envelopment Analysis and the use of it in the dealings of the Iranian Stock Exchange
        Elham Rezaei hezaveh Reza Fallahnejad
        10.22034/amfa.2019.1879646.1302
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        326 - Application of Resource-Based View Theory in Assessing of Efficiency of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange by Data Envelopment Analysis
        Zahra Moradi Mona Ghilavi Mohammad Hamed Khan Mohammadi Zohreh Hajiha
        10.22034/amfa.2020.1881228.1316
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        327 - The power indexes of the CEO and the performance of the company under pressure based on product market competition
        Majid Aliabadi Fatemeh Sarraf Roya Darabi
        10.22034/amfa.2020.1867187.1215
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        328 - Using Contingency Approach to Improve Firms’ Financial Performance Forecasts
        Saman Mousanezhad Esfandyar Mohammadi Rahmatolah Mohammadipour Farshad Sabzalipour
        10.22034/amfa.2020.1886008.1345
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        329 - Effect of Peer Performance, Future Competitive Performance, and Factors of Correlation with Peer Companies on Manipulation of Abnormal Real Operations
        Amin Rahmani Majid Zanjirdar Hamidreza Ghiabi
        10.22034/amfa.2020.1875478.1272
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        330 - Moderating Role of Managerial Entrenchment to Effect of Technology-Based Capabilities on Product Market Competition: Resource-Based View (DEA)
        Hamideh Ajazm Ekrani Mohammadreza Abdoli Hossien Bakhshi
        10.22034/amfa.2021.1933756.1611
        The development of knowledge and advancement in technology has created a wide-ranging transformation in societies and has led to changes in the per-formance of companies in order to respond to environmental turmoil and social expectations. In this way, they tried to gai More
        The development of knowledge and advancement in technology has created a wide-ranging transformation in societies and has led to changes in the per-formance of companies in order to respond to environmental turmoil and social expectations. In this way, they tried to gain a significant competitive advantage over other competitors. The purpose of this study was to investi-gate the moderating role of managerial fortification in relation to the impact of technology-based capabilities on the product market competition of knowledge-based companies in the capital market: a source-based capabili-ties (DEA). This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data envelopment analysis is a quasi-experimental and post-event research in the field of positive accounting research. Then, based on multivariate regression, the research hypothesis was tested using Eviews software. The statistical population studied in this study consisted of knowledge-based companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2015 to 2019 and 79 companies were selected and reviewed based on systematic screening. The result of testing the research hypothesis is that the technological capabilities have a positive and significant effect on the product market competition of knowledge-based companies in the capital market. This result demonstrates that the resource-based technology capability based on the source-based capabilities is seen as a resource against stagnation in a competitive environ-ment and helps the company, to maintain flexibility in the face of environ-mental change in order to respond faster, at the same time to develop the company's competitive capacity to create new resources or new and innova-tive products, and to make the company's future more attractive to stake-holders with greater returns and potential risk control. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        331 - The role of effective variables on the relationship between tax avoidance and investment efficiency
        Nazanin Bashirimanesh Zohreh Arefmanesh
        10.22034/amfa.2023.1968722.1806
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        332 - Does Exchange Rate Non-Linear Movements Matter for Analyzing Investment Risk? Evidence from Investing in Iran’s Petrochemical Industry
        Alireza Khosrowzadeh Aboutorab Alirezaei Reza Tehrani Gholamreza Hashemzadeh Khourasgani
        10.22034/amfa.2019.1871644.1244
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        333 - Effect of Oil Price Volatility and Petroleum Bloomberg Index on Stock Market Returns of Tehran Stock Exchange Using EGARCH Model
        Gholamreza Zomorodian Laleh Barzegar Soghra Kazemi Mohammad Poortalebi
        10.22034/amfa.2016.527821
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        334 - The effect of contact and respiratory repellency of four medicinal plant extract and powders on adults and last instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner).
        M. Bakhtiari Z. Rafiei Karahroudi E. Sanatgar
        The indian meal moth is one of the most important pest of stored product. In this study&sbquo; the repellency effect of the alcoholic and hexanic plant extract and powder of four medicinal plants , lavandula angstifolia, artemistia dracunculus, anethum graveolens, and p More
        The indian meal moth is one of the most important pest of stored product. In this study&sbquo; the repellency effect of the alcoholic and hexanic plant extract and powder of four medicinal plants , lavandula angstifolia, artemistia dracunculus, anethum graveolens, and petroselimun sativum have been studied on adults and last instar larvae of this pest. To prepare the extracts, plants were powdered, then dissolved in solvent and filtered after 24 houres. These crude plant extracts have been used in experiments. In contact repellency experiment, the 9 cm whatman filter paper divided into two parts from the middle. Half of it was weted with definite plant extract dose and another half was weted with solvent. after they dried, 20 last instar larvae released from centes each petri dish. then the repellency effect of plant extracts was measured after 24 hours. The results showed all plant extracts except hexanic extract of L. angstifolia, had the contact repellency effect on adult insect. The Y-shaped olfactometer has been used for dtermining fumigant repellency effect of the plant extracts. The repellency effect of treatment were measured on the last instar larvae and adults. In most cases the plant extracts showed a significant repellency effect at1% level on larveae and adults. But the repellency effect of the powders on adults was less than plant extracts, and had attractive effect on, the Indian meal larvae. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        335 - Geometric and kinematic analysis of Dorbadam anticline, North of Quchan, Iran
        Hamidreza Afkhami Ardakani Farzin Ghaemi Behnam Rahimi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        336 - Geological setting of iron oxide-apatite deposits in theBafq ‎district, central Iran with an emphasis on mineralogical,petrographic, and geochemical study of the Sechahun deposit
        Azat Eslamizadeh
        The objective of this research is to determine all processes in the magmatic evolution and related hydrothermal activities that created the volcanic rocks and associated ore-forming systems of the Bafq &lrm;mining district. Several iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits were More
        The objective of this research is to determine all processes in the magmatic evolution and related hydrothermal activities that created the volcanic rocks and associated ore-forming systems of the Bafq &lrm;mining district. Several iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits were investigated in this area with a focus on the Sechahun ore deposit. The Bafq &lrm;mining district is well known for hosting significant IOA ore deposits with several million tons of iron ore and with some economic resources of rare earth elements. To achieve the goals of this research, detailed petrographic, fluid inclusion microthermometry, and lithogeochemical studies were obtained and supported by geological investigations at both local and regional scales. Textural, mineralogical, and fluid inclusion evidence indicates the ore genesis by fluid mixing. Magmatic-hydrothermal iron oxide-apatite ore precipitated during circulation of deuteric solutions within the host rocks at the early stage of mineralization. The mesothermal iron oxide ore of the Sechahun deposit was emplaced at the relatively shallow depths, while the near-surface epithermal hematite-jaspilite ore formed in a subaqueous environment. The most likely source of iron oxide-apatite mineralization would be a combined magmatic hydrothermal to convective hydrothermal model &lrm;with magmatism originating from the upper mantle and related bimodal volcanism resulting in felsic volcanic rocks. Rifting of the continental lithosphere during the Early Cambrian was associated with emplacement of a highly fractionated bimodal &lrm;magmas along the regional &lrm;fracture-fault lines, a major controlling factor for mineralization processes in the Bafq district. &lrm; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        337 - A study of the tectonic origin and the source of the clastic sediments of the Miankuhi formation in the Tarik Dareh region (Torbat Jam, NE Iran)
        Habib Allah Torshizian
        &nbsp; &nbsp;The study area is located in the northeast of Iran. Miankuhi Formation is 500m thick and comprises homogeneous shales, brown granular sandstone and siltstone. In this study, 45 samples were taken from Miankuhi shales and sandstones in order to determine the More
        &nbsp; &nbsp;The study area is located in the northeast of Iran. Miankuhi Formation is 500m thick and comprises homogeneous shales, brown granular sandstone and siltstone. In this study, 45 samples were taken from Miankuhi shales and sandstones in order to determine their tectonic origin by using a polarizing microscope. Samples were analysed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method to determine their chemical compositions and tectonic origin. Twelve shale and siltstone samples were also analysed by the X-Ray Diffraction method with the aim of identifying their mineral composition. According to the investigations conducted, the type of sandstone is greywackes. Based on XRD results, quartz, albite, orthoclase, calcite, kaolinite, and illite have existed in shales and siltstones. Chemical analysis of the rocks indicated the source of these clastic rocks as oceanic arc areas and active peripheries of a landmass. The corrosive rocks of this formation are believed to originate from intermediate felsic igneous rocks and to a lesser extent from clastic quartz-containing rocks in the region.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        338 - Improving the accuracy of fracture modeling in carbonate reservoirs X-field in SW of Iran
        Seyyedeh Ellieh Moafi Madani Hossein Hassani Behzad Tokhmechi
        10.30495/ijes.2020.673334
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        339 - Investigation of reservoir quality of the Kangan Formation based on petrographic and petrophysical studies: A case study of wells "A" and "B" in the gas field of the Tabnak Anticline, SW Iran
        Mohammad Nikbin Mohammad Khanehbad Reza Moussavi-Harami Asadollah Mahboubi Mahdi Khoddami Ehsan Ghofrani
        10.30495/ijes.2020.671658
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        340 - Reservoir potential, net pay zone and 3D modeling of Cretaceous Pab Formation in Eastern Suleiman Range, Pakistan
        Hadayat Ullah Perveiz Khalid Mubashir Mehmood Saad Mashwani Zaheer Abbasi Muhammad Khan Ehsan Haq Ghulam Shah
        10.30495/ijes.2021.682864
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        341 - Petrology and tectono-magmatic environment of the volcanic rocks of West Torud – Iran
        Abdollah Yazdi Elham Shahhosseini Farhad Moharami
        10.30495/ijes.2022.1929200.1601
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        342 - Tectonical history of Arabian platform during Late Cretaceous An example from Kurdistan region, NE Iraq
        کمال حاجی کریم زردشت. ا طاها
        New simplified tectonic models and depositional history of Late Cretaceous rocks are established in a part of Zagros Orogenic Belt that is located in the Northeastern Iraq. These rocks constutes the most important Cretaceous oil reservoir in the Middle East. The depende More
        New simplified tectonic models and depositional history of Late Cretaceous rocks are established in a part of Zagros Orogenic Belt that is located in the Northeastern Iraq. These rocks constutes the most important Cretaceous oil reservoir in the Middle East. The dependent tools are petrography, field study and the concept of drowning phases. This concept is relatively new and accurate in explanation of development of carbonate sequences growth and termination. The columns of both carbonate and clastics rocks of the area are divided into three phases of drowning: 1- Pre-drowning phase of reefal limestone which is represented by Qamchuqa Formation which is equivalent to Mauddud and Shuaba formations (Early Cretaceous) in the south Iraq and in the Gulf. 2- Transitional phase of pelagic limestone and marl deposition which is transitional to post drowning phase during which Gulneri Shale and Dokan limestone Formations (Cenomanian- Turonian) are deposited. 3- Post drowning phase of deep carbonate sedimentation during which Kometan Formation (Santonian-Campanian) and 4- Burial Phase in which Shiranish and Tanjero Formations (Maasstrichtian) are deposited by which Arabian Platform was covered by siliciclastics sediments and main carbonate sedimentation was ended during Campanian. These phases, as resulted from tectonics of Zagros, can replace the complex previously assigned tectonic and depositional history of the area during Later Cretaceous. The application of the phases revealed nearly a continuous history of deposition in foredeep during Early Cretaceous and foreland basin during later ages. This continuous sedimentation is opposite to previously cited episodic sedimentation in the Cretaceous basins. Moreover than that, the occurrences of the previously mentioned subaerial cycles of erosion (unconformities) are not ascertained. The previous cycles had segmented the rocks and history of the area into several separated and unrelated tectonic events that occurred in different basins. According to the above cycles and unconformities the tectonic setting and depositional history of the whole northwestern Iraq assumed be violent during compete time span of the Late Cretaceous by which basin isolation and uplift and erosion occurred. The above ideas are amended and the unconformable boundaries are changed to conformable ones. Consequently, in the present study, a new tectonic history and model are established for Cretaceous which agree with field observation and existed lithofacies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        343 - Sea-level change and deep sea sequence stratigraphy: A Middle Jurassic siliciclastic strata (Kashafrud Formation), NE Iran
        Mehdi Reza Poursoltani
        The Upper Bajocian- Lower Bathonian succession in the Kopet-Dagh Basin of NE Iran represents fluvio-deltaic to turbidite deposits. The Kashafrud Formation provides an excellent opportunity to study the interplay between deep-water sedimentation and syndepositional tecto More
        The Upper Bajocian- Lower Bathonian succession in the Kopet-Dagh Basin of NE Iran represents fluvio-deltaic to turbidite deposits. The Kashafrud Formation provides an excellent opportunity to study the interplay between deep-water sedimentation and syndepositional tectonic subsidence (or uplift) in the region. The effects of these processes caused sea-level changes, variation in depositional sequences, and formation of different types of sequence boundaries. The Kashafrud Formation is recognized as a super-sequence and is overlain and underlain by type 1 sequence boundaries. Based on sedimentological analysis, twelve lithofacies and three facies associations have been identified in the Kashafrud Formation. The succession is represented by parasequences formed as part of a second order super-sequence, and a fourth order regression. The thickness variations indicate a strong influence of basin-floor topography on the location of depositional successions. High rates of sea-level fall led to the development of a limited number of major incised channels; in contrast the major thick-bedded mudstone indicates high rates of sea-level rise for prolonged periods. The interpreted sea-level curve during deposition of the Kashafrud Formation can be correlated with the world sea-level curve for the Middle Jurassic, with differences mainly related to local structural events in the basin. Tectonism, compaction and rate of deposition were the main factors that controlled the vertical facies transitions in these parasequences. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        344 - Preliminary Petrological Studies of Basement Rocks, Thar Coal Basin, Thar Parkar District, Sindh, Pakistan
        Yasmin Rizvi
        The basement rocks encountered in exploratory boreholes drilled for exploration and evaluation of coal deposits in Thar Parkar district, Sindh Pakistan have formed the basis for present studies. The basement complex was penetrated through eighteen boreholes at drill dep More
        The basement rocks encountered in exploratory boreholes drilled for exploration and evaluation of coal deposits in Thar Parkar district, Sindh Pakistan have formed the basis for present studies. The basement complex was penetrated through eighteen boreholes at drill depth range from 112 to 279 meters. These rocks were identified in field as Pink and Grey Granites.. The basement rocks are of Igneous as well as metamorphic origin. The Igneous rocks identified petrographically are Alkali-feldspar Granite, Granodiorite, Rhyolite, Rhyodacite and Aplite while that of metamorphic origin is Plagioclase Hornblende Gneiss. These rocks are termed as Thar Granitoids. The chemical data plotted in various binary and ternary diagrams suggests that the Thar Granitoids are (1) in general peraluminous in nature (2) restricted to psuedoternary minimum at moderate water pressure. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        345 - Calcareous nannofossils from chalky limestone intervals of the Abderaz formation in the Kopet Dagh range, NE Iran
        Somayeh Sanjary Fatemeh Hadavi Marziyeh Notghi Moghaddam Mohsen Allameh
        10.30495/ijes.2019.544594
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        346 - The Petrology and Geochemistry of Granitoid Rocks of Troud Area in South-West of Shahrood
        Elham Shah Hosseini Afshin Ashja Ardalan Mohammad Hashem Emami Mohammad Hossein Razavi
        The area of study is located 120 Km north-east of Shahrood city. In terms of structure and geological classification, this area is located in the northern part of central Iran zone. Granitoids of Troud ranging from monzonite to granite. The main minerals of granitoids a More
        The area of study is located 120 Km north-east of Shahrood city. In terms of structure and geological classification, this area is located in the northern part of central Iran zone. Granitoids of Troud ranging from monzonite to granite. The main minerals of granitoids are quartz, plagioclase, and orthose. The accessory minerals are biotite, hornblende, sphene, and opaque minerals. Various textures of granular, graphic and prethite are observed in these rocks. Based on various diagrams of major and trace elements, this rock is I-type arc calk-alkaline, Meta to para-aluminous with continental origin form at subduction zone. All these characteristics, combined with low Al2O3/(FeO + MgO + TiO2) and (Na2O +K2O)/(FeO + MgO + TiO2) ratios and high Mg# values, suggest an origin through dehydration melting of alkaline mafic of lower crustal source rocks. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        347 - Geochemical evolution and petrogenesis of the eocene Kashmar granitoid rocks, NE Iran: implications for fractional crystallization and crustal contamination processes
        Rahim Dabiri Mohsen Akbari-Mogaddam Mitra Ghaffari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        348 - Petrogenesis of volcanic rocks from Razei region in Northwest Ardabil, Iran
        Yousef Vasigh
        The Razei region in the northwest of Ardabil is considered a part of West Alborz-Azerbaijan. Rocks in this area were created by Eocene volcanic activities. These rocks range from andesite to olivine basalt. The common texture of these rocks is Porphyritic with microlith More
        The Razei region in the northwest of Ardabil is considered a part of West Alborz-Azerbaijan. Rocks in this area were created by Eocene volcanic activities. These rocks range from andesite to olivine basalt. The common texture of these rocks is Porphyritic with microlithic matrix. The phenocrysts of these rocks are often clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine. The texture is made of microlithic plagioclase and fine crystals of pyroxene. The studied rocks have clear desire to alkali basalts in terms of chemical nomenclature. Disequilibrium factors between liquid and crystal show the processes of magmatic evolution in an open thermodynamic system. The mixed climate in this region has probably contributed the most to changing the chemical composition of these rocks. In the spider diagrams, enrichments often include some LIL elements and depletions usually include some HFS elements. Enrichment of LILE is probably accompanied with the contamination of the basic magma with materials from continental lithosphere. The volcanic rocks in Razei have mainly geochemical characteristics of back arc basin, and the magmas that created the rocks in this region have an origin of lithospheric mantle. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        349 - Tectonic Setting of Metabasites of the Neo-Tethyan Oceanic Remains in Sanandaj-Sirjan Structural Zone West of Isfahan, Central Iran
        Ali-Khan Nasr-Esfahani
        The study area is located in the western portion of Isfahan, in Shahrekord-Dehsard Terrene. This area is part of the Sanandaj- Sirjan structural Zone. In this area, metamorphosed igneous outcrops contain greenschist and metabasite rocks. These rocks have metamorphed int More
        The study area is located in the western portion of Isfahan, in Shahrekord-Dehsard Terrene. This area is part of the Sanandaj- Sirjan structural Zone. In this area, metamorphosed igneous outcrops contain greenschist and metabasite rocks. These rocks have metamorphed into greenschist facies and belong to the Triassic-Jurassic age. The etabasite is mainly composed of plagioclase, amphibole, epidote and chlorite. Geochemical data shows that the parent rocks are of basalt to andesitic basalt composition with sub alkaline and tholeiitic trends. In the REE and trace elements spider diagrams, these are similar to MORB and adapted with E-MORB. These results indicate a metabasite enerated back arc basin volcanic subduction environment. The Metabasite in Sahrekord - Dehsard terrene shows remnants of a Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere with a back arc basin environment that was subducted and uplifted to the surface. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        350 - Source Rock evaluation, Modelling, Maturation, and Reservoir characterization of the Block 18 oilfields, Sab’atayn Basin, Yemen
        A.S. Alaug D. Leythaeuser B. Bruns A.F. Ahmed
        A total of 183 core and cutting samples from seven exploratory wells were selected to be analyzed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. These cores have been drilled through the Lam and Meem Members of the Madbi Formation and contain the major source rocks of Yemen&acute;s sedimentar More
        A total of 183 core and cutting samples from seven exploratory wells were selected to be analyzed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. These cores have been drilled through the Lam and Meem Members of the Madbi Formation and contain the major source rocks of Yemen&acute;s sedimentary basins. Contents of total organic carbon were measured and Rock-Eval pyrolysis was performed to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of Block 18 oilfields in central Yemen. Most of the studied samples have fair to excellent petroleum generation potential as shown by the results of PP, PI, HI and TOC. They have also sufficient TOC values with an average value of 1.48 wt% and a maximum value of 12.34 wt% with a good petroleum potential averaging 4.54 kg HC/ton of rock and a maximum value of 44.78kg HC/ton of rock. HI values of the Madbi Formation in its full thickness range from 16 mg to 1114 mg HC/g TOC with an average value of 273 mg HC/g TOC. Kerogen types II and III, and a small amount of type I can be observed. These kerogens are thermally mature and mostly within the hydrocarbon generation zone. In a numerical simulation approach the thermal and burial history of the Alif-1 well, which is representative for this area was modelled. Using vitrinite reflectance data, as means of calibration, the modelling results were subjected to a sensitivity analysis concerning paleo-heat flow, radiogenic heat production, basement thickness and eroded overburden or maximum burial, respectively. The calculated temperature during deepest burial of the source rock layers of the Madbi Formation reached 158 &deg;C for the Lam Member and 182 &deg;C for the Meem Member. Compliance with the measured R0 values, used as calibration parameter, could be achieved by assuming an erosion of 1100 m of the Upper Tawilah Group. The heat flow is maximized at the onset of basin rifting in Late Jurassic to 90 mW/m2 having a base level of 60 mW/m2. Thus, the Lam Member has reached the main oil to wet gas window at its deepest burial whereas the Meem Member has undergone the wet gas window in its full thickness. The isopach map of the Alif Member, as the main reservoir in the studied area, indicates thickening of the sandstone unit towards the eastern and western parts of Block 18 around the Dostour Al-Wahdah gasfield in the east and at the Alif oilfields in the west. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        351 - Upper Cretaceous Petroleum System of Northwestern Persian Gulf
        Ali Amirkhani Marziyeh Mirzakhanian Susan Sepahvand Sadoni Sadoni
        Three well - known source rocks of the Zagros basin and the Persian Gulf are Mesozoic in age.The Jurassic Sargelu, Albian Kazhdumi and Neocomian-Coniacian Garau formations have charged the Cretaceous reservoirs of this area. The northwest part of the Persian Gulf is str More
        Three well - known source rocks of the Zagros basin and the Persian Gulf are Mesozoic in age.The Jurassic Sargelu, Albian Kazhdumi and Neocomian-Coniacian Garau formations have charged the Cretaceous reservoirs of this area. The northwest part of the Persian Gulf is strongly influenced by two major N-S trending paleohighs (Hendijan- Bahregansar-Regesafid-Izeh and Kharge- Mish) and surrounding plaeotroughs that play the most important role in the reservoir and source rock development. The most important reservoirs are the Cenomanian- Turonian Sarvak and Santonian Ilam formations which locally separated by a thin shaly unit of the Coniacion Laffan Formation. The reservoir facies are dominated by benthic and rudist debris on the paleohighs which laterally grading down to the basinal Cenomanian Ahmadi and Santonian Gurpi pelagic marls. In order to study the petroleum system of the northwest Persian Gulf, several 2D seismic lines and six wells were interpreted. Based on the interpreted seismic profiles the best locations for the reservoir facies could be within the pinch-out geometries around the plaeohighs which occasionally sealed by the baisn-type Campanian- Maastrichtian Gurpi&nbsp; marls at the top, Laffan shale at the middle and Albian Kazhdumi shale at the base as stratigraphic traps. A large hiatus exists between the top of the Cenomanian Sarvak Formation and Eocene Pabdeh Formation in the Tangue and Rage- Safid paleohighs, where these facies change could form stratigraphic traps. Toward the Nowrooz, Bahregansar Hendijan, structures, this hiatus is much shorter where Campanian- Maastrichtian Gurpi Formation directly has coverd the Sarvak Formation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        352 - Chemical composition of dill(Anethum graveolens L.) and parsley( Petroselinum sativum L.) essential oil in different culture media
        Mehrnaz Mahmoudi Zarandi Samiyeh Sistani
        10.30495/sarj.2023.1998375.1161
        The emphasis of the World Health Organization on the gradual replacement of natural materials instead of chemicals has caused different countries of the world to invest, and, plan mass production of medicinal plants at the industrial levels and use them in the pharmaceu More
        The emphasis of the World Health Organization on the gradual replacement of natural materials instead of chemicals has caused different countries of the world to invest, and, plan mass production of medicinal plants at the industrial levels and use them in the pharmaceutical, food and, health industries. Although the production of secondary metabolites depends on genetic factors, it is significantly influenced by environmental factors. The effects of different growth conditions (field and greenhouse) on the quantity and quality of essential oil of dill( Anethum graveolens L.) and parsley( Petroselinum sativum L.) were studied. Field cultivation was done on agricultural land in the Kerman Baqerabad region. In the greenhouse cultivation, germinated seeds were planted in pots with loamy soil( 2/3) and vermicompost (1/3) and, cocopeat and perlite. Rorison solution was used for feeding plants in pots. Plants were harvested after 3 months. Essential oils of 100 grams of dried herbs were isolated by water distillation using Clevenger apparatus. Essential oil analysis was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/ MS). According to the results obtained from the compounds identified in the essential oil of dill, the highest amounts of components were alpha-phellandrene (54.5%), phytol (18.65%) and apiol (49.2%) in the field, loamy-vermicompost and cocopeat-perlite media respectively. In parsley essential oil, myristicin was the highest in all three culture media. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        353 - Investigating the Effect of Commercial and Operational Factors on Competitiveness Improvement of Shahid Beheshti Port in Chabahar in Attracting Shipping Lines
        Mohammad Saeid Arbabi Hossein Vazifehdoust Karim Hamdi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        354 - Analysis on Relationship among Competency and Succession Planning in Telecommunication Infrastructure Company of Iran (TICIR)
        Narges Hosseini Masoud Pourkiyani Ayob Sheikhi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        355 - The Causal Model of Export Entrepreneurship and Export Market Orientation‎ on Export Performance: a Case Study of Food and Agricultural Products Export Companies
        Ali Kazemi Alireza Rousta Abdullah Na&#039;ami
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        356 - A System Dynamics Approach to Designing Technological Innovation Management Model in Downstream Petrochemical Industries
        Hamid Doulabi Abbas khamseh Taghi Torabi
        10.30495/jsm.2020.673654
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        357 - The Relationship between Strategy of Work-life Quality and sustainable competitive advantage: A survey study on in Yemeni manufacturing industries.
        Maged Mohammed Abdullah Barahma Mohammad Disomimba Kalsom Ali Mohammed Al-Awlaqi
        10.30495/jsm.2020.677235
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        358 - A Paradigmatic Model on the Role of Electronic Marketing Capabilities in Promoting Iranian Carpet Export Capacity
        Zahra Naeini Peikani Shahnaz Nayebzadeh Sayyed Hasan Hataminasab
        10.30495/jsm.2021.678901
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        359 - A Conceptual Model for Evaluation the Impact Factors Affecting Organizational Performance in Supply Chain
        Ali Ehsani Hassan Mehrmanesh
        10.30495/jsm.2021.1919526.1425
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        360 - The Impact of Organizational Entrepreneurship on Improving Competitive Advantage with Mediating Role of Innovation in Start-up Digital Industries
        Mohammad Hossein Sirafi Nafis Feriz Taheri Kia Behnaz Khoshtinat
        10.30495/jsm.2022.1966437.1683
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        361 - The Effect of Competitive Advantage Strategies on Customer Loyalty: Mediated role of Brand Identification and Brand Awareness (Case study: Parsian Insurance customers)
        Samira Falahatgar Mousa Rezvani Chamanzamin Mohammad Taleghani
        10.30495/jsm.2021.1943132.1550
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        362 - Designing a Strategic Model for International Marketing of Iranian Handmade Carpets
        Mojtaba Faizollahi Mahmoud Ahmadi Sharif Mehran Keshtkar Haranki
        10.30495/jsm.2021.1942593.1538
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        363 - Prioritizing the Dimensions, Components and Indicators of the Intellectual Capital Model in State Banks with the Competency Approach of Managers
        Abouzar Hatami Ghoushchi Karamolah Daneshfard Abbas Toloui Ashlaghi Fereydon Rahnamay Roodposhti
        10.30495/jsm.2021.1942510.1536
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        364 - Designing a Pattern the Innovative Brand in order to Improve the Competitiveness of Iran's Petrochemical Industries Using Modeling ISM
        hamed anvaripour farshid namamian Fakhraddin Maroofi Naqhdehi Farhad Vafayi
        10.30495/jsm.2022.1958876.1647
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        365 - Design a competency model for salespeople in food distribution industry of Iran
        Mahyar Fateh Marzieh Mohammadi Seyed Morteza Mousavi Moheb
        10.30495/jsm.2023.1980096.1774
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        366 - Designing a Systemic Model of Competency for Managers of the Iranian Ports and Maritime Organization
        Seyed Kazem Hejazi Mehran Mokhtari Baye Kolaei Marzieh Gorjiposhti Javad Gilanipour
        10.30495/jsm.2023.1972925.1713
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        367 - Staff performance Competencies and Information Security: An Analysis of the Role of Library Software System Development
        Hojjatallah abadtalab Safiyeh Tahmasebi Limooni Mitra Ghiasi
        10.30495/jsm.2023.1968006.1690
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        368 - A model for internal and external organizational capabilities in Payam Noor University and reviewing its effects on organizational performance with intellectual capital as mediating role
        Homa Masoumi Hassan Soltani Abbas Babaei Shahr Abad Sanjar Salajeghe Mehdi mMohamad Bagheri
        10.30495/jsm.2023.1980899.1781
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        369 - Designing a Performance Evaluation Model in Macro Government Organizations (Case Study: Jam Petrochemical Company)
        Mahdi Shajar Mostafa Ghasemi Abdolreza Mohseni
        10.30495/jsm.2023.1993183.1857
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        370 - A interpretative-structural model of effective investments components in competitive advantage of industrial parks
        Qasim Alipour mahmoud modiri Mahdi Faqhihi Roya Soltani
        10.30495/jsm.2023.1987697.1831
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        371 - Project Manager Competency Model Based on ANP Method in Construction Projects
        Ali Maleki Kaveh-Mohammad Cyrus
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        372 - Project Manager Competency Model based on ANP Method in Construction Projects
        Ali Maleki Maleki Kaveh Mohammad Cyrus
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        373 - Identify Dynamic Capabilities of Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Process Capabilities; and Prioritizing Dynamic Capabilities by FUZZY AHP
        Mozhgan Dehghani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        374 - Staff Scheduling by a Genetic Algorithm
        Ahmad Reza Tahanian Maryam Khaleghi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        375 - ارزیابی راهبردهای افزایش توان رقابت پذیری کلان شهرهای ایران با تکیه بر استراتژی Coopetition ) مطالعه موردی:کلان شهرهای تهران، مشهد، تبریز، اهواز و زاهدان(
        مریم خضرایی شولای فر زینب کرکه آبادی سعید کامیابی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        376 - The Cognition of Iranian Traditional Architecture’s Elements in Award-Winning Projects (Case Study: Memar-Award, 2008 to 2017)
        Sama Modirrousta Vida Norouz Borazjani Mahmud Rezaei
        10.30495/ccd.2022.693204
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        377 - Importance Monopoly and Importance Competition on the Urban Network Infrastructure (Case study: Public transportation lane No.10 and 96 of Mashhad bus system)
        Farhad Karimani Mahtab Saeedi Manesh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        378 - Competition between Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Different rate of Nitrogen
        Pejman Behdarvand Ganesh Shridhar Chinchanikar Kondiram Nathuji Dhumal
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        379 - مدیریت بهینه فشار در جهت حداقل سازی نشت در سیستم‌های توزیع آب با استفاده از الگوریتم بهینه‌سازی رقابت استعماری
        جعفر جعفری اصل بهرام سامی کشکولی مهدی بهرامی
        یکی از روش‌های کاهش نشت در سیستم‌ های توزیع آب، مدیریت فشار شبکه با قرار دادن شیرهای کنترل فشار در مسیر جریان و تنظیم بهینه این شیرها در شبکه آب می‌باشد. در این پژوهش مسئله مدیریت بهینه فشار در شبکه ‌های توزیع آب در جهت حداقل سازی نشت مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بدین منظو More
        یکی از روش‌های کاهش نشت در سیستم‌ های توزیع آب، مدیریت فشار شبکه با قرار دادن شیرهای کنترل فشار در مسیر جریان و تنظیم بهینه این شیرها در شبکه آب می‌باشد. در این پژوهش مسئله مدیریت بهینه فشار در شبکه ‌های توزیع آب در جهت حداقل سازی نشت مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور برای در نظر گرفتن مسائل جانمایی و تنظیمات بهینه شیرهای فشار‌شکن رویکردی ارائه ‌شده است که در آن بهینه‌ سازی هم ‌زمان جانمایی شیرها و بهینه‌ سازی تنظیمات شیرها مورد توجه قرارگرفته است. در این پژوهش برای حل این مسئله از مدل بهینه‌ سازی- شبیه ‌سازی مبتنی بر یکی از الگوریتم ‌های بهینه‌ سازی فراکاوشی تحت عنوان الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) استفاده شد. در این مدل الگوریتم بهینه‌ سازی ICA در محیط MATLAB با شبیه ‌ساز هیدرولیکی مدل EPANET تلفیق شد. نتایج نشان داد که ضمن رعایت کلیه قیود مسئله با به کاربردن روش ارائه ‌شده برای جانمایی و تنظیم بهینه شیرهای فشارشکن میزان نشت متوسط شبکه در سه دوره شرایط نیاز آبی ماکزیمم، متوسط و مینیمم ضمن تأمین قید فشار حداقلی در شبکه، 12 درصد کاهش یافت. که نشان می ‌دهد، روش ارائه ‌شده در تنظیم سطح فشار برای حداقل کردن نشت در شبکه موفق بوده است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        380 - Validation the intelligence Model of Petrochemical Industry Parent Co.
        ali abdali gholamreza godarzi Tsohrabi sohrabi
        The importance of petrochemicals as the largest private sector in the country in terms of value creation for subsidiaries and the use of a smart model is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study was to present and validate the intelligence model of the petroch More
        The importance of petrochemicals as the largest private sector in the country in terms of value creation for subsidiaries and the use of a smart model is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study was to present and validate the intelligence model of the petrochemical firm's parent firm and provide related solutions. The research is of mixed type which is interviewed by managers in petrochemical industry through snowball sampling and the interviews continued until a theoretical saturation of 23 interviews was reached. Research propositions were analyzed using the data base method and MAXQDA software. The statistical population includes 462 managers of the Persian Gulf Petrochemical Company. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among 90 managers of the subsidiaries at different levels. Finally, 82 questionnaires were identified for proper analysis. Factor analysis was performed using SPSS and WarpPLS software to analyze quantitative data. The intelligence model of the petrochemical firm specializes in 550 open source code divided into 95 common propositions. The propositions at this level are divided into 13 main categories and 4 concepts that include concepts: strategic decisions (with a beta coefficient of 0.979), tasks, services and resources (0.987), creator / creators of capital and structures (0.974), systems and processes (0.980). The beta coefficients obtained from the data analysis in the quantitative section indicate the high importance of each of the concepts and quantities of fit and factor analysis to confirm the model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        381 - Location and Weight of Assessment and Selection Tables in Imam Petrochemical Procurement Department Based on Service Provider Approach
        parviz sepehri mehr fariba nazari
        The purpose of this study was to present a model for analyzing and evaluating suppliers in the Imam Petrochemical Procurement Department based on hierarchical analysis with non-linear (gray) data. The statistical population of this study consisted of an expert group of More
        The purpose of this study was to present a model for analyzing and evaluating suppliers in the Imam Petrochemical Procurement Department based on hierarchical analysis with non-linear (gray) data. The statistical population of this study consisted of an expert group of 20 managers and senior staff of Bandar Imam Petrochemical Procurement Department. To select these individuals, we tried to provide the most knowledgeable people in the field after preparing a complete list, through non-random "judgmental" sampling. Research topic selected and involved in the research process. The main data collection tool in this study was questionnaires designed for different purposes and distributed to the target population after obtaining the approval of the respected supervisor. After distributing and collecting the data, the necessary analyzes were performed through SPSS, Expert Chase and Excel software. In this process, analyzes such as t-test and hierarchical gray analysis were performed. Finally, the research results identified 4 main criteria (supplier criterion, product performance criterion, service performance criterion, cost criterion) and 27 factors were identified and their ranking was determined. It should be noted that this research is of practical purpose, in terms of survey approach and exploratory studies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        382 - the effect of brand equity and consumer attitude toward advertising to create competitive advantage (case study of 5 star hotels on kish island )
        Alireza Rousta Elham Bahrami
        Today all economic activities are engaged in competition, so every economic enterprise is trying to create a competitive advantage in the hospitality field this concept is of special importance. The brand's special value and the consumer attitudes are two key factors in More
        Today all economic activities are engaged in competition, so every economic enterprise is trying to create a competitive advantage in the hospitality field this concept is of special importance. The brand's special value and the consumer attitudes are two key factors in creating competitive advantage, therefore, in this paper, the effect of brand-specific value on competitive advantage with consumer attitudes toward advertising and with an applied approach in five-star hotels in Kish is investigated. Were extracted based on theoretical foundations of conceptual model. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 25 questions. First, the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts ' viewpoints in terms of content validity. Then, construct validity was performed using confirmatory factor analysis technique. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability were calculated to assess the reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 859.0 questionnaire was calculated and the CR value of all variables was obtained above 7/0. The statistical population of this study consisted of all passengers of five star hotels in Kish, and the questionnaire was assigned to 490 passengers. Structural equation modeling and LISREL software were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that brand awareness, consumer attitudes toward advertising, perceived quality, brand loyalty, and brand Association have an impact on competitive advantage. Also, the results showed that the brand's special value on the consumer attitudes to the advertisement has a positive and significant impact, and the consumer attitude toward advertising has a mediating role in the relationship between brand value and competitive advantage. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        383 - Big Data and Its Impact on the Iranian Banking Industry Achieving Competitive Advantage
        foad Kouhzadi hossin gharebiglou hossin boudaghi khaje nouber yaghoub alavi matin
        10.30495/imj.2022.1937108.1668
        AbstractThe increasing volume and complexity of digital data and its role as a tool to support the competitive advantage for banks, has increased the need to use new tools and techniques in data acquisition, analysis and processing, and in this context, access to Data f More
        AbstractThe increasing volume and complexity of digital data and its role as a tool to support the competitive advantage for banks, has increased the need to use new tools and techniques in data acquisition, analysis and processing, and in this context, access to Data flow in new financial transactions has become more difficult, and this has doubled the need for bank managers to use the big data strategy to solve financial challenges and take advantage of opportunities to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of big data strategy on achieving a competitive advantage in the Iranian banking industry. Present the banking industry. The hypotheses of the model were evaluated using the views of the research sample, including CEOs, managers and employees of information and communication technology, managers and marketing staff of 20 banks through a questionnaire, and the results show that banks using macro strategy Data gains a competitive advantage. In addition, ethical issues and customer privacy affect the relationship between big data strategy and gaining a competitive advantage. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        384 - Presenting a Comparative Model and Financial Ranking of Petrochemical Companies Using Dynamic Network Data Envelopment Analysis (DNDEA)
        Ali hasanpor rahmat alizadeh seyed ali Nabavi Chashmi
        10.30495/imj.2021.686612
        The aim of this study is to provide a comparative model and financial ranking of petrochemical companies using dynamic network data envelopment analysis (DNDEA) approach by CCR and AP methods. occurred. In the first step, a relational model including major profit sheet, More
        The aim of this study is to provide a comparative model and financial ranking of petrochemical companies using dynamic network data envelopment analysis (DNDEA) approach by CCR and AP methods. occurred. In the first step, a relational model including major profit sheet, balance sheet and financial soundness indicators is presented under a dynamic network structure. Then, the dynamic effect of indicators (carriers and relationships) is included to calculate the efficiency scores for these four infrastructures correctly. Then we calculated using the two models and the results were extracted.This research is applied in terms of purpose and its statistical population is petrochemical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.Based on the research findings, according to the research criteria, efficiency was calculated. Out of 18 petrochemical companies studied, two companies were identified in the CCR method and one company in the AP method as moderately efficient. However, the results show a strong correlation of 71% between the two methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        385 - Novin Insurance Company's product diversification strategies using product space theory
        َAnvar khosravi
        10.30495/imj.2023.1973174.1810
        Insurance industry in iran is a competitive industry and is of particular importance for companies operating in this industry . one of the competitiveness strategies is diversifying the supply of insurance products . diversification of products is one of the main soluti More
        Insurance industry in iran is a competitive industry and is of particular importance for companies operating in this industry . one of the competitiveness strategies is diversifying the supply of insurance products . diversification of products is one of the main solutions to increase income , profitability and reduce risk . the purpose of this paper is to identify the products that the new insurance company is exposed to comparative advantage or the relative advantage is hidden . the research is done using the mean of data related to the production right of each product during 2016 to 1398 but using the theory of product space and network science . the results of this study showed that the new insurance company has revealed relative advantage ( active ) among 16 insurance products examined in the supply of six products with obvious comparative advantage ( active ) , seven products have partial ( potentially active ) advantages and in supply of three inactive residual products and the probability of activation equal to zero . in the following , the sequence of seven crops with latent relative advantage was determined based on maximum , greedy , high and low grade strategies . finally Borda method were identified as the four strategy of combining and the activation sequence of products with the potential for activation of the new insurance company on the basis of this hybrid strategy of engineering , oil and energy , other aircraft , driver events and third parties . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        386 - Analysis of the Challenges Leading to the Industrial Projects using Grounded Theory (Case study: the Petrochemical Industry)
        Elahe Mobini-Dehkordi Peyman Akhavan
        Analysis of the factors influencing the delaying of the project and finding the solution for planning and time and cost management for Better implementation of the project is the main aim of this study. Since reducing delay in industrial projects is important, in this r More
        Analysis of the factors influencing the delaying of the project and finding the solution for planning and time and cost management for Better implementation of the project is the main aim of this study. Since reducing delay in industrial projects is important, in this research, we decided to investigate the main factors of the delay in the petrochemical industry as one of the profitable industries and job creation field. The results indicate that such factors as the sanctions, reduction in the oil prices and the global economic downturn are among the most serious influential reasons. This problem especially is more reflected in workload fluctuations in the construction Industry. OPEC Members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Venezuela, etc.) are exposed to these fluctuations and petrochemical constructions and their products are jobs creation factors considered as the important economic positions for these countries. The current study aims to investigate the factors causing a delay in the construction and commissioning of petrochemical projects. The most serious challenge these countries encounter in the development of this industry is considered from four perspectives: time, money, quality, and structure. Applying grounded theory method and by doing semi-structured interviews with a group of experts in petrochemical industry concepts obtained from extraction case studies and organized in the form of four hypotheses and presented in a conceptual network. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        387 - Decision Making in Two-Echelon Supply Chain under Stackelberg and Cornot Structures
        Morteza Taherifard Ebrahim Teimoury Marzie Ebrahimi Shaghaghi
        This article considers pricing and ordering decisions in the two-echelon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two rival retailers under stochastic demand. A Stackelberg structure is considered between two echelons of the supply chain that manufacturer acts as More
        This article considers pricing and ordering decisions in the two-echelon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two rival retailers under stochastic demand. A Stackelberg structure is considered between two echelons of the supply chain that manufacturer acts as a leader, and retailers act as followers making decisions about pricing and ordering. Also, in the echelon of retailers, optimal pricing policy and profits of chain members are calculated and, in the special case that retailers are faced with similar market demand, Stackelberg structure is compared with Cornot structure. This research shows that among two competitive scenarios, Cornot structure causes that retailers set lower sale price as compared with Stackelberg structure and consequently retailers earn less profit in Cornot structure. Also in both competitive structures, manufacturer&rsquo;s profit is higher than double of total retailers&rsquo; profit. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        388 - Identifying and Prioritizing Contributing Factors in Supply Chain Competitiveness Using PLS- FAHP Techniques (Case Study: Payam Shoes Company)
        Saeid Sadeghi Ahmadreza Ghasemi
        One of the qualities of today's successful companies is competitiveness power and at the same time, a blatant feature of unsuccessful ones is lack of this quality. The main aim of this research is to Identifying and prioritizing contributing factors&nbsp;in supply chain More
        One of the qualities of today's successful companies is competitiveness power and at the same time, a blatant feature of unsuccessful ones is lack of this quality. The main aim of this research is to Identifying and prioritizing contributing factors&nbsp;in supply chain competitiveness in the footwear industry. Data were collected from 82 employees, experts, and managers of Payam shoe firm and examined the impact of four different factors Including green supply chain management, supply chain partnership, sustainable approach to supplier segmentation and knowledge management process capability on supply chain competitiveness. To analyze the data and testing the proposed model in the statistical phase of research, partial least squares (PLS) method, and to prioritizing contributing factors in supply chain competitiveness in the operational research phase of research, FAHP technique was used. The results of the statistical phase of research indicate that &ldquo;supply chain partnership&rdquo;, &ldquo;knowledge management process capability&rdquo;, &ldquo;green supply chain management&rdquo; and &ldquo;sustainable approach in supplier selection and segmentation&rdquo; have a significant positive effect on supply chain competitiveness. The results of prioritizing contributing factors in supply chain competitiveness by using FAHP indicate that &ldquo;supply chain partnership&rdquo; is the most important factor in supply chain competitiveness and after that &ldquo;knowledge management process capability&rdquo; was located in second priority. Finally, some practical strategies for managers are discussed and some suggestions for future research are provided. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        389 - Developing Dynamic Facility Layout Problem with Single-Solution and Population-Based Metaheuristics Methods
        Mohammad Mahdi Karampour Mostafa Hajiaghaei-Keshteli
        In modern societies, production centers should be able to supply the variety of demand and type of productions correctly, exactly, clearly and straightly. So, this study aims to present the dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP) in order to minimize the total cost of th More
        In modern societies, production centers should be able to supply the variety of demand and type of productions correctly, exactly, clearly and straightly. So, this study aims to present the dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP) in order to minimize the total cost of the facilities and costumes. Design an optimal plan leads to reduce the production process and cost of inventory. Transportation cost plays a key-role to specify the performance designing of part systems. This content displays the Dynamic Facility Location Problem (DFLP) in this paper. In order to handle the proposed problem, five metaheuristic methods are introduced: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Tabu Search (TS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) are tackled to solve the problem. Taguchi approach is considered to select the proper values for presented algorithms. The results explain that proposed methods are provided the optimal design for the dynamic facility location problem. As a result, ICA and PSO reach the most performance output in the comparison of other algorithms with assumed conditions in the problem. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        390 - Using Johansen-Juselius Cointegration Technique to Identify the Effective Factors of Production in Carpet Industry (The Case Study: Kurdistan Province)
        Anvar khosravi Ramiar Refaei Hozan Refaei
        Carpet Industry has a long history and background in Kurdistan Province. Kurdistan has an advantage regarding the potentials in the production and export of carpet. The production and export to the world markets can be increased given the high potentials of trade organi More
        Carpet Industry has a long history and background in Kurdistan Province. Kurdistan has an advantage regarding the potentials in the production and export of carpet. The production and export to the world markets can be increased given the high potentials of trade organizations. This study estimated the production of carpet in Kurdistan Province. In order to estimate this function, three indices, i.e., economic, social and cultural indices were specified and two variables were introduced for each one. Using Johansen-Juselius Cointegration Technique for the period from 1999 to 2009, the long-term results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between most of the introduced variables and carpet production in Kurdistan. Regarding the short-term ECM Coefficient and the fact that the results of the tests are reliable at 90 % confidence interval, we can say that the process of the variables movement towards long-term balance has a good and justified balance. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        391 - The Role of Knowledge Management on Company Competitiveness through Technology-driven Strategy in Tile and Ceramic Industry of Iran
        Mohammad Javad Taghipourian Hamidreza Alizadeh
        Due to the competitiveness in tile and Ceramic Industry, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of knowledge management on the competitiveness of the company through technology-driven strategy in tile and Ceramic Industry. For this purpose, a questionna More
        Due to the competitiveness in tile and Ceramic Industry, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of knowledge management on the competitiveness of the company through technology-driven strategy in tile and Ceramic Industry. For this purpose, a questionnaire based on the research of Ahmad and Schroeder (2011) was distributed among the managers of Iran's ceramic tile factories and 87 questionnaires for analysis. The findings of Pearson and regression tests via SPSS showed that all aspects of Technology-driven Strategy have a positive effect on competitiveness. When manufacturing companies use all of these three dimensions (active technology status, process and test adaptation, common technology resources) simultaneously in their processes, they can lead to effective competing so corporate executives should have a comprehensive look at these dimensions. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        392 - Maintenance Management Value Chain in the Revenue Enhancement and Productivity in Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries Company
        Farhad Vafaei Amir Moradi Sina Faraji
        This study examined the effectiveness of maintenance management value chain in Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries Company which can lead to revenue enhancement and productivity. A total number of 126 employees of Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries Company were selecte More
        This study examined the effectiveness of maintenance management value chain in Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries Company which can lead to revenue enhancement and productivity. A total number of 126 employees of Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries Company were selected by simple random sampling. Ghasemi's (2014) value chain questionnaire and Hersey and Goldsmith&rsquo;s (2005) organizational efficiency questionnaire were used to collect data. Afterwards, SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the revenue enhancement and maintenance management value chain were effective. Moreover, the maintenance management value chain can predict the amount of revenue enhancement and efficiency in Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries Company. The results showed that the maintenance management value chain has been done properly in Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries Company. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        393 - The Role of Industrial Clusters on Regional Competitiveness ( Case Study: The Cluster Of Petroleum, Gas And Petrochemical Facilities Of Khuzestan
        Hashem Dadashpor Zahra Ahmadipour Abolfazl Moarrefi
        As a novel idea for discussion on the role of industrial development on regional development, the term &ldquo;cluster&rdquo; became noteworthy since 90&rsquo;s in order to increase competitiveness. Territorial development researchers believe that formation of regional i More
        As a novel idea for discussion on the role of industrial development on regional development, the term &ldquo;cluster&rdquo; became noteworthy since 90&rsquo;s in order to increase competitiveness. Territorial development researchers believe that formation of regional industrial clusters improves competitiveness and plays a role in promoting competitive advantages and regional development. Hence, because of the possibility of realization of competitive advantage, industrial clusters became a focal point for research and policymaking. Against this background, the purpose of this research is to analyze and review the role of industrial clusters on the development of regional competitiveness and assumes that the higher number of relations in an industrial cluster leads to higher level of regional competitiveness. The research applies descriptive-analytical research method and utilizes questionnaire to collect data. The data was studied by SPSS and Lisrel software packs after approval of validity and reliability of data. Findings corroborate the relationship between the higher number of relations in industrial clusters with the higher level of regional competitiveness and also identifies the contributing factors to development and stimulation of regional development which is ranked by the order of their effect as follows: 1. Social relations, 2. Geographic and location relations, 3. Economic relations, and 4. Institutional relations. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        394 - Designing & Ranking of LARGS Paradigms in Competitive Supply Chain Management
        Alireza Anvari
        Nowadays, companies review trade samples and process of supply chain inevitably by using improving new techniques because of rapid environmental changes, customer and competitors&rsquo; expectations. Management of supply chain tries to apply lean, agile, resilience, gre More
        Nowadays, companies review trade samples and process of supply chain inevitably by using improving new techniques because of rapid environmental changes, customer and competitors&rsquo; expectations. Management of supply chain tries to apply lean, agile, resilience, green and sustainable in supply chain management in space of management of supply chain by use of the quintuple approach in order to benefit advantages of each of them and cover their deficiencies simultaneously. So, designing of the model of the supply chain by use of the quintuple paradigm approach is sufficient in preparing goods and services. The goal of this research is designing the compositional model of the supply chain by the quintuple paradigm approach in a company of rubber manufacturing of Shiraz - Dena. Method of partial least squares (PLS), FAHP and VIKOR is used for analyzing data. Results of this study showed that the quintuple paradigms have an effective role in the success of the performance of supply chain. So, the assertion of improving the LARG method to LARGS method is very valid. Also, results of this general model show that dimensions of performance have a determining role in getting a competitive advantage. So, findings of this study show that use of the compositional model of the quintuple paradigm of LARGS can have a positive effect on factors of performance for getting a competitive advantage. This developed model can be a model and approach for the so-called company and other similar companies and even it is effective for any other industries too.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        395 - The Supply Chain Management based on Information Technology, Supply Chain's Performance and Competitive Position of Iran Khodro Diesel
        Niloofar Imankhan Fariborz Fakhri Langrood
        Competition conditions bring up supply chain management as a strategic factor in organizational success. The operation of Information Technology in Supply Chain Management is considered with three approaches of merging, supporting partners and management skills. The res More
        Competition conditions bring up supply chain management as a strategic factor in organizational success. The operation of Information Technology in Supply Chain Management is considered with three approaches of merging, supporting partners and management skills. The research goal is to study the impact of supply chain management based on information technology on supply chain performance and competitive position of Iran Khodro Diesel. The research methodology is descriptive-survey. The research statistical society is Iran Khodro Diesel&rsquo;s staff. The sampling method is accessible and the sample size is 368 individuals. The variables measuring tool is the questionnaire that it&rsquo;s validity and reliability is confirmed. In order to analyze data inferentially, we have used confirmatory factor analysis and to test the hypotheses, in particular, the structural equation model was used. The results showed that backward merger based on technology, management skills, and supporting partners has a positive impact on supply chain performance. The supply chain performance has also a positive impact on the company&rsquo;s competitive position. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        396 - Identifying Teachers' Personality Competencies and Determining the Relationship of these Competencies with Their Educational Efficiency
        khosro rashid parimah mohammadiyan hossein mohagheghi احمد بیات
        10.30495/ee.2022.1947362.1053
        Teacher's personality traits and competencies can play a role in the quality and efficiency of his / her educational performance.The purpose of this study was to identify the personality competencies of teachers and the relationship of these competencies with their educ More
        Teacher's personality traits and competencies can play a role in the quality and efficiency of his / her educational performance.The purpose of this study was to identify the personality competencies of teachers and the relationship of these competencies with their educational efficiency.The research method was mixed (quantitative and qualitative) and the statistical population was educational psychologists, principals, and teachers of secondary schools in Hamadan (65 specialists, 384 principals, and 2415 teachers). In order to identify the personality competencies of teachers, 40 people were selected as the sample for the interview through the available method. Also, 13 principals and 60 teachers were selected through cluster sampling method. They answered NEO-PI (Costa &amp;McCare, 1983) and the researcher-made questionnaires. After analyzing the content of the interviews and identifying the personality competencies, the research questionnaires were completed by the participants. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method using SPSS-25 software.The result of the content analysis of the interviews was the extraction of the characteristics of energeticness, tolerance, communication skills, empathy, management, eagerness for new experiences, adjustment, responsibility, and positive ethical-behavioral characteristics. Also, Pearson correlation showed that there is a positive relationship between teachers' personality competencies and their educational efficiency (P &lt; 0.01; r = 0.54) and the component of communication skills has the highest correlation with teachers' educational efficiency (r = 0.64).The higher the characteristics of energeticness, tolerance, communication skills, empathy, management, eagerness for new experiences, adjustment, responsibility, and positive moral-behavioral characteristics in teachers, the higher their educational efficiency. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        397 - Identifying the Components of Competency-based Education in Technical and Vocational High Schools: A Mixed- Method Study
        Aghdas Nikooravesh Nader Soleimani Hamid Shafozadeh Amirhossein Mohammad Davoodi
        10.30495/ee.2021.685534
        This study was conducted with the aim of discovering the components of competency-based education to be used in technical and vocational high schools. This research had a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) and in terms of purpose was applied study. The participants More
        This study was conducted with the aim of discovering the components of competency-based education to be used in technical and vocational high schools. This research had a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) and in terms of purpose was applied study. The participants in the qualitative phase were 15 education experts and professors, selected using purposive sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, and data were analyzed through content coding and analysis. The researchers, participants, and education experts reviewed the data to verify its validity, and for reliability, the agreement coefficient between the coders and the reliability of the retest was used (78% &amp; 82%). The study population in the quantitative phase consisted of 1373 teachers and principals from technical and vocational high schools in Qom province. The sample included 273 participants who were selected using Sample Power software based on relative stratified sampling. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative phase whose face and content validity was assessed by two indicators CVI and CVR and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) were used to analyze the data via SPSS24 and Smart-PLS20. The findings showed that the competency-based education contains the following four components: knowledge, applied-scientific skills, communicative skills, and attitude. Influential factors included educational; cultural factors; measures taken by the Ministry of Education and economic factors. The fitness of the model revealed that all the factors identified managed to predict 0.71 of the competency-based education variable. The model also showed acceptable goodness of fit (GOF=0.52). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        398 - Determining the competency indicators of the first grade high school teachers in Karaj city
        farzad eskandari nasab Khadijeh Abolmaali Freeborz dortaj Freeborz Bagheri
        10.30495/ee.2023.1983075.1162
        Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the competency indicators of the first grade high school teachers in Karaj city in the academic year 2021. research methodology: The research method was a qualitative type of grounded theory with More
        Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the competency indicators of the first grade high school teachers in Karaj city in the academic year 2021. research methodology: The research method was a qualitative type of grounded theory with a systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, until the theoretical saturation, 10 experts, specialists, and officials in the field of education in Karaj city, who were knowledgeable in the executive departments and issues related to the competence of teachers, were selected in a purposeful manner. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. In data analysis, 359 primary codes, 36 components with 220 concepts were obtained by using open, central and selective coding. Findings: The findings indicated that the components are based on indicators such as the causal conditions of teachers' competence, including: responsibility, being a role model, etc.; contextual conditions include: conscientiousness, self-confidence, etc.; Strategic conditions include: familiarity with educational psychology, flexibility, etc.; Intervening conditions include: innovation, the ability to diagnose and solve the problem, etc.; Consequence conditions including: consulting skills, management skills, etc. were identified. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it is possible to pay attention to the identified causal, contextual and strategic factors in improving the competence of teachers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        399 - Explaining the criteria and components of the digital competence of teachers in the educational space of future schools
        Ali Saeidi Hamed Meiboudi Javad Vakili Hossein Mirsaiedi
        10.30495/ee.2023.1995434.1202
        Introduction: Digital literacy skills play a central role in the professional growth of teachers, and the educational spaces of schools, as a suitable platform, play an important role in improving the digital skills of teachers. In the schools of the future, technology- More
        Introduction: Digital literacy skills play a central role in the professional growth of teachers, and the educational spaces of schools, as a suitable platform, play an important role in improving the digital skills of teachers. In the schools of the future, technology-based learning is an increasingly influential factor in education. The purpose of this research is to determine and prioritize the criteria and components of digital competency of teachers in the teaching-learning process of future schools. research methodology: This study was conducted with an exploratory approach based on a survey strategy using the opinions of experts and pundits in this field. In this research, in order to identify the important criteria and components, the Delphi method was used, and to calculate their weight and priority, the multi-criteria decision-making method of entropy and fuzzy TOPSIS was used. Findings and Conclusion: The findings of the research indicate that the criteria of e-learning, digital resources, digital participation, empowering learners and digital assessment, respectively, will play an important role in the level of individual qualifications and requirements related to technological learning in future school teachers. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        400 - Comparison of the effectiveness of social competence training and social skills on social anxiety, social adjustment and social intimacy teenager boy
        sasan bavi
        The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of social competence training and social skills on social anxiety, social adjustment and social intimacy in 10th grade male students in Ahvaz. The research method was a field experiment with pre-test and post-te More
        The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of social competence training and social skills on social anxiety, social adjustment and social intimacy in 10th grade male students in Ahvaz. The research method was a field experiment with pre-test and post-test design with control group that were selected by multistage random sampling method 60 students from tenth grade students of Ahvaz city in the academic year 1398. The tools used were: Social Anxiety Questionnaire (Jerabek, 1996., translated and standardized by Daliri, 2002), Social Compatibility Questionnaire (Bell, 1961., translated and standardized by Akhammamadian &amp; Sharabaf, 1996) and Social Intimacy Questionnaire (Miller &amp; Lefcourt, 1982., translated and standardized by Daneshvarpour et al., 2007) . To analyze the data from the Mankua analysis, the inclusion in the Mankua text was followed by the Benferoni post hoc test. The results showed that both skills (social competence and social skills) were effective on social anxiety, social adjustment and social intimacy. Also, social skills training was more effective than social competency training in social adjustment and intimate social adjustment. However, there was no significant difference between the two skills in social anxiety (P&lt; 0/72). It can be concluded that social skills training can be effective in social adjustment and social intimacy and in reducing social anxiety. Keywords: social competence, social skills, social anxiety, social adjustment, and social intimacy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        401 - Investigate the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation by considering the mediating role of psychological hardiness in national team athletes
        Mitra Naghipour ghezeljeh Javad Khalatbari Shohreh Ghorban Shiroudi Taher Tizdast
        The aim of the present study was to investigate the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation by considering the mediating role of psychological hardiness in national team athletes. The research method was descriptive and structural modeling of More
        The aim of the present study was to investigate the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation by considering the mediating role of psychological hardiness in national team athletes. The research method was descriptive and structural modeling of structural equations. The statistical population in this study included all athletes of individual and team national teams in 2019. The sample number was 300 athletes who were selected based on the criteria of entry and exit of the research and available. The research tools included the Cubasa Hardiness Questionnaire (1989), the Garnefsky Emotional Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (2006), the Competitive Anxiety Scale of Martens et al. (1990), and the Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method. The results of data analysis showed that the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on emotion regulation strategies has a favorable fit considering the role of hardiness mediation based on experimental data. Also, the direct and indirect effect of emotion regulation, resilience and mindfulness on competitive anxiety of athletes was confirmed (p &lt;0.05). Hardiness also directly affects athletes' competitive anxiety (p &lt;0.05). The results showed that emotion regulation strategies are significant, with competitive anxiety in relation to them and open strategy in the negative and inhibition strategy in the form of positive changes in each of the items that are called anxiety, if the results from the journal Indicate that they play an effective role in the dimensions of competitive anxiety, and that the taekwondo anxiety levels of anxiety are commensurate with these strategies. Explaining why there is a significant relationship between emotion regulation and competitive anxiety depends on considering the components of these variables. Self-management, as one of the components of emotion regulation, indicates the ability of a person to manage his behaviors in different situations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        402 - The modeling of positive youth development on the basis of self- regulation social competence and parental bonding
        Somayeh Dolati Roya Kouchakentezar Zohreh Sadeghiafjeh
        The aim of this study was to model adolescent positive development based on self-regulation, social competence and parental bonding. The research method is correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population included all female students of the second y More
        The aim of this study was to model adolescent positive development based on self-regulation, social competence and parental bonding. The research method is correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population included all female students of the second year of high school in Tehran, who are studying in 1998-99. Using cluster random sampling method, 400 students were selected. Instruments included: Goldoff Adolescent Positive Transformation Questionnaire (2014), Self-Regulation Questionnaire (2007), Flanner's Social Competence Questionnaire (1990), Parker Parental Transplant Questionnaire (1979). Data were analyzed using structural equation method. Perceptions of social competence can motivate students to engage in transformational tasks and life challenges and desirable conditions, and adolescents with high competence perceptions have appropriate adaptive functions. Therefore, motivational factors such as students' confidence in their abilities can be considered as predictors of positive adolescent development. One of the components of the external dimension and important in the process of positive development of adolescence, which is based on research results, is the parental bond, the family is the first context and context that the student experiences. Overall, the results of this study show that to model the positive development of adolescence, self-regulation, social competence and parental bonding can be emphasized and the obtained model can be used in teaching positive adolescent development. Also, the results of the study showed that the research has a good fit and the positive development of adolescence can be predicted based on the variables of self-regulation, social competence and parental bond and the research hypotheses were confirmed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        403 - The effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on empathy and social competence in preschool children
        Mahmoud Hakimi Farimani Farideh Hamidi Hossein Akbari Amarghan
        The aim of this research was determine the effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on empathy and social competence in preschool children. This research was a semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with cont More
        The aim of this research was determine the effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on empathy and social competence in preschool children. This research was a semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with control group. The research population was a preschool children of 4th district of Mashhad city in the 2020-2021 academic years. The research sample was 48 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly by lottery replaced in two equal groups and the experimental group was trained for 20 sessions of 45 minutes with the method of educational games based on social-emotional learning and the control group did not receive training during this period. Data were collected with using two subscales of empathy and social competence in the social-emotional assets and resiliency scale for preschool (Ravitch, 2013) and analyzed by tests of chi-square, independent t and analysis of variance with repeated measures. The findings showed that in the pretest stage the experimental and control groups there was no significant difference in any variables of empathy and social competence (P&gt;0.05), but in the posttest and follow-up stages there was a significant difference in both variables (P&lt;0.05). Other findings showed that the intervention by method of educational games based on social-emotional learning significantly increased the empathy and social competence in preschool children and the results of the intervention were maintained in the follow-up stage (P&lt;0.05). The results indicated the effectiveness of educational games method based on social-emotional learning on increasing empathy and social competence in preschool children. Therefore, to improve the social-emotional assets of preschool children can be used the method of educational games based on social-emotional learning along with other methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        404 - The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT) on Social Anxiety and Social Competence of Students
        amir yekanizad Akbar Soleimannezhad Mojtaba Vazie Maryam Manzari
        Abstract In recent years, stressful sources and unfavorable environments are increasing. On the other hand, social anxiety and self-empowerment are always considered an important problem in students. The present research was conducted with the aim of determine the effec More
        Abstract In recent years, stressful sources and unfavorable environments are increasing. On the other hand, social anxiety and self-empowerment are always considered an important problem in students. The present research was conducted with the aim of determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on social anxiety and self- empowerment of students. method of the present study with pre-test-post-test design with 3-month follow-up periods with experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of all Third year male students of high school in Khoy city in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample consisted of 40 people who were selected by multistage random cluster sampling and assigned in experimental and control groups (20 in each group). A pre-test was conducted for both groups. Intervention program acceptance and commitment therapy(8sessions of 90 minutes) trained in the sample group. and the control group remained on the waiting list. The end of the training period, a post-test was conducted. In order to collect data in this study, Social Phobia questionnaire(SPIN) Connor et al (2000) and Social competence questionnaire (SCQ)Felner and et al (1990). Data were analyzed using repeated measures variance in software SPSS-23. The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy on the social anxiety (F=19/78, P&lt;0/001) its components, fear (F=7/42, P&lt;0/001), avoidance (F=6/68, P&lt;0/001), Physiological discomfort(F=7/09, P&lt;0/001) and variable social competence (F=15/01, P&lt;0/001), its components, cognitive competence (F=9/26, P&lt;0/001), motivational competence (F=5/10, P&lt;0/001), emotional competence (F=8/01, P&lt;0/001) and behavioral competence(F=9/82, P&lt;0/001) It was effective. It is suggested that this program be used by custodians of education and educational institutions to design preventive educational programs and improve educational achievements. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        405 - Investigation of engineering form of linguistic and literary structure of repetition in Kalim Kashani's lyric poems
        Fazlollah Rezaei Ardani Gholamreza Hatafi Ardakani
        Repetition is way to create and increase the amount of music and increase the norm in words and is important in music and rhetoric. In this literary research, this linguistic and literary art has been studied in the lyric poems of Kalim Kashani, the famous poet of the 1 More
        Repetition is way to create and increase the amount of music and increase the norm in words and is important in music and rhetoric. In this literary research, this linguistic and literary art has been studied in the lyric poems of Kalim Kashani, the famous poet of the 11th century. The use of repetition has filled this poet with inner music, and this structure serves to convey meaning and feeling to the audience. Repetition is one of the factors in creating music.signs of this linguistic phenomenon can be seen in nature, such as day and night, spring and summer, and ... Repetition is the important features of the poet's words in the axis of accompaniment, or the longitudinal extension of his poems. This article examines its form. This feature creates visual and auditory, order, communication, and convinces the audience's mind and takes them to literary pleasure. This research has been done with the aim of examining the application of the tools for creating the music of speech, namely repetition and also localization of formalist critique, in the lyric poems of Kalim Kashani. The research method in this article is based on the study, analysis and objective description of the research findings, taking into account the principles of formalist critique. By this research, it was found that Kalim used the literary ornament of proportion, the melody of letters and other linguistic and literary works of art by using repetition to explore the mind of the audience and induce the content. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        406 - Special competences of judicial branch managers with an emphasis on the analysis of upstream documents and the managers' point of view
        khadije morady
        The purpose of this research is to present the model of competence of judicial and administrative managers working in the country's judiciary based on top-level documents, the Supreme Leader's menus, the words of judicial officials, interviews with exemplary judicial an More
        The purpose of this research is to present the model of competence of judicial and administrative managers working in the country's judiciary based on top-level documents, the Supreme Leader's menus, the words of judicial officials, interviews with exemplary judicial and administrative managers, and a survey of managers working in the judiciary. To achieve this purpose, a combined approach and inductive qualitative content analysis method and descriptive statistics have been used. 16 upstream documents, 23 documents of leadership menus and the words of judicial officials, 10 sample judicial and administrative managers and a survey of all judicial and administrative managers (basic and middle levels) of the research community. The results of the research showed that health and impenetrability, justice, human dignity, efficiency and jihadism are the core competencies of the judiciary. Personality, behavioral, management and expertise competencies have been introduced for judicial and administrative managers. Among the indicators of each of the mentioned competencies based on the managers' point of view, communication skills are one of the most important skills needed by the managers of the judiciary. In addition, knowledge of the organization, knowledge of public opinion and society, trust building, acceptance between people, knowledge of ethnicity and culture, knowledge of judicial policies and social capital are among the special competencies of judicial administrators, which should be taken into account in the appointment of judicial administrators. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        407 - Providing a competency model for department heads in universities
        karam khalili nasrin mohamadi
        The present study was conducted with the aim of the competency model of department heads in Ilam University.The research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection is a type of mixed exploratory research and in terms of implementation method is a dat More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of the competency model of department heads in Ilam University.The research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection is a type of mixed exploratory research and in terms of implementation method is a data base and cross-sectional survey. The statistical population is the heads of departments and faculty members, 18 of whom have been purposefully selected In the qualitative section, with the help of studying scientific documents and interviews with experts and also summarizing the data, in the open coding stage, 65 indicators in the form of 11 components and 5 dimensions were obtained based on the results of confirmatory factor analysis. Insight mental dimension has two components of perceptual skills and decision making skills, intrapersonal dimension has two components of professional behavior and personality traits, functional dimension has three components of human resource management and executive management and knowledge and skills, interpersonal dimension has two The component of teamwork and communication skills, ethical dimension has two components of professional ethics and value.Awareness of the dimensions of competencies required to assume the responsibility of managing departments can make the path to Ilam University to achieve the intended vision easier and double its speed Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        408 - The pattern of cause and effect relationships between the psychological criteria of competence of managers of private companies using the Fuzzy Dimtel method.
        mahnaz jaafari sasan adib
        Research shows that psychological competency factors have a direct and significant impact on managerial performance in organizations. This study examined the psychological competencies of organizational managers using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method. Data were collected from p More
        Research shows that psychological competency factors have a direct and significant impact on managerial performance in organizations. This study examined the psychological competencies of organizational managers using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method. Data were collected from participants who were selected through purposive sampling. After identifying the analyzed factors using research literature, the components of psychological competencies were examined, and the cause-and-effect relationships and the impact of the factors under study were assessed using the Fuzzy DEMATEL technique. The results of the study showed that the psychological competencies of managers include responsibility, self-confidence, interpersonal communication, self-control, flexibility, creativity and initiative, and self-awareness. In this research, responsibility has the greatest impact, followed by interpersonal communication. Self-confidence, flexibility, creativity and initiative, and self-awareness have a secondary impact. Responsibility, self-confidence, self-awareness, and self-control are the causal factors, while flexibility, creativity and initiative, and interpersonal communication are the effect factors. Overall, this research demonstrates that increasing the psychological competencies of managers in organizations can improve their performance as well as the overall performance of the organization Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        409 - 1. The intensity order of resistance training (Low to high vs. high to low) does not have effect on obestatin and ghrelin changes in obese women
        Kamal Azizbeigi Niusha Hasani
        10.30495/pah.2023.1986600.1041
        Aim: Exercise training (ET) may affect appetite-regulating factors. The purpose of current study was to investigate the effect of order of resistance training (RT) on ghrelin and obstatin hormones changes in obese women. Methods: For this purpose, 30 obese female subjec More
        Aim: Exercise training (ET) may affect appetite-regulating factors. The purpose of current study was to investigate the effect of order of resistance training (RT) on ghrelin and obstatin hormones changes in obese women. Methods: For this purpose, 30 obese female subjects voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to three resistance training: pyramid (Low to high; n=10), Oxford (high to low; n=10) and control (n=10).RT was performed in three non-consecutive sessions per week for eight weeks.Before starting the exercise training program, and 72 hours after the last training session, blood sampling was gathered and the ghrelin and obstatin hormones concentration in plasma were measured. Also, changes in body fat percentage (BF %) were measured by skinfold test. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between pyramid and Oxford RT in the ghrelin and obstatin in the interaction between the effect of time (exercise) (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Finally, it can be said that intensity order of resistance training as form pyramid and Oxford is not effective on appetite regulating hormones. This issue can be used in the designing of resistance exercise program and weight control. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        410 - The effect of a passive activity session on cardio-respiratory performance indicators in sedentry young men
        Ebrahim Ahmadian Hiran Marafat siahkohian Reza Farzizadeh Mohammad Ghaderi
        10.30495/pah.2023.1985184.1040
        Objective: Inactive lifestyle is related to inefficient cardiorespiratory function. The purpose of the research was to compare the changes in cardiorespiratory performance indicators of inactive youth during a session of passive activity.research methodology:This study More
        Objective: Inactive lifestyle is related to inefficient cardiorespiratory function. The purpose of the research was to compare the changes in cardiorespiratory performance indicators of inactive youth during a session of passive activity.research methodology:This study is a semi-experimental type and the statistical population of the current study includes inactive students with an average age of 22.07 &plusmn; 1.86 years, height 173.71 &plusmn; 5.63, weight 11.24 &plusmn; 70, body mass 23.32 &plusmn; 3.61) of the university Ardabili researcher. Among them, 28 inactive young people were selected as research subjects. Cardio-respiratory fitness of the subjects was measured using the aerobic aerobic test with an intensity of 75 to 85% of the maximum heart rate. Cardio-respiratory indices were measured by a respiratory gas analysis device.Findings: The findings of this research showed that a session of exercise had a significant effect on the values of cardiac and respiratory indicators (heart rate (RR), maximum oxygen ventilation equivalent (EQO2), carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent (EQCO2), tidal volume). (VT) and pulmonary ventilation (VE)) expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2), expiratory oxygen partial pressure (PETO2)) during different pre-activity stages, aerobic threshold, active rest and anaerobic threshold, there is a significant difference (&gt;0.05) P).Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it seems that an activity session of a helpless type that causes incremental changes in the values of cardio-respiratory and functional heart indices, and can be a suitable criterion for estimating cardio-respiratory fitness in low-income students. be mobility Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        411 - Evaluating effect of material heterogeneity constants on stress intensity factors in the functional grated piezoelectric plate by using meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method (MLPG)
        Mohammad Moaddel shahram shahrooi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        412 - The relationship between employer brand and competitive advantage with the mediating role of service quality in sports clubs
        Mozafar Yektayar Mozhgan Khodamoradpoor saman ahmdy
        10.30495/kmsj.2021.687707
        The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between employer brand and competitive advantage with the mediating role of service quality in public and private sports clubs in Sanandaj. This research is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical popu More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between employer brand and competitive advantage with the mediating role of service quality in public and private sports clubs in Sanandaj. This research is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of private and public sports clubs in Sanandaj that 202 people were selected by simple random sampling method using Morgan sample size determination formula. Lee's Competitive Advantage Questionnaire (2006), Employer Brand Burton et al. (2005) and Liu Service Quality (2008) were used to collect data. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS and Amos software version 23 at both descriptive and inferential levels (p&ge;0.05). The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of the employer brand and competitive advantage. Also, there is a significant difference between the quality of services of public and private sports clubs in Sanandaj, which showed that there is a significant relationship between the employer brand and competitive advantage. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        413 - Prioritizing the Components that Affect the Security Management of Sport Events (Case Study: Student Competitions)
        Kazem Shiralipour Saeid Amirnejad Mohammad Sanaei
        10.30495/kmsj.2022.1967063.1040
        The aim of the current research was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the security management of sports events (case study: student competitions). The method of this research was conducted qualitatively and based on the foundation's data approach in the G More
        The aim of the current research was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the security management of sports events (case study: student competitions). The method of this research was conducted qualitatively and based on the foundation's data approach in the Glazerian approach and in the field. In order to collect information, unstructured interviews were conducted with 17 experts familiar with the security of sports events, school sports, and sports management specialists until theoretical saturation was reached, and the data were collected simultaneously using a set of open, axial coding. and selectively analyzed. Also, to measure the reliability of the interview retest reliability method, which was obtained as 0.85. Factor ranking was analyzed using Shannon's entropy test and SPSS24 and MAXQDA18 software. The results showed that factors such as health management, human resources management, financial resources management, organizational and managerial developments, the event's contribution to achieving the organization's goals, the consequences of holding the event, and safety and security management as factors affecting the security of sports events in knowledge competitions. The students were identified. Entropy analysis showed that security management, financial resources management, and human resources management have the highest score and the lowest score respectively in the degree of influence on the security management of student sports events. Based on the results of the research, it is suggested that the categories extracted from this research should be taken into consideration in order to compile checklists for holding student competitions, emphasizing the prevention of accidents in student sports events. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        414 - Measuring the impact of competitive advantage in sports and youth
        Parvin Mohammadi Pakravan Majid Soleimani Gholamreza Shabani Bahar
        10.30495/kmsj.2023.1976483.1070
        The purpose of this research was to investigate and analyze the competitive advantage in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature, using structural equation modeling, which was carried out by s More
        The purpose of this research was to investigate and analyze the competitive advantage in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature, using structural equation modeling, which was carried out by survey method. The statistical sample of this research consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N=965). 286 employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth using the accessible sampling method of organizational culture scales by Denison (2000), social capital Nahapit and Ghoshal (1999), knowledge management by Hemti (2009), organizational learning by Gomes et al. (2005), innovation James et al.'s (2008) organizational and Hill and Jones (2010) competitive advantage. The content validity of the measurement tool was evaluated and confirmed using the opinion of sports management experts (7 people), reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (&alpha; = 0.78) and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis. SPSS and PLS software were used to check and analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that organizational culture and social capital have a positive and significant effect on knowledge management. Examining the proposed research model also had a favorable fit (GOF=0.56) in the target society. The general result of the research showed that the current model can be used as a benchmark for the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, so that they can gain a competitive advantage over other organizations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        415 - Providing a solution to improve the basic rights of Petrochemical workers based on public rights through management methods
        mohammad beirouti
        In the discussion related to labor rights, like any other human rights category, we need a theoretical design about rights. A theory that emphasizes the necessity and moral and legal requirements of work regulations and justifies the existence and value of the basic rul More
        In the discussion related to labor rights, like any other human rights category, we need a theoretical design about rights. A theory that emphasizes the necessity and moral and legal requirements of work regulations and justifies the existence and value of the basic rules and principles of work on which the foundation of this article is based; as follows ; Prohibition of discrimination in employment, equal pay for work of equal value, minimum working age for children and abolition of compulsory work. To improve the aforementioned principles in the petrochemical company in the free zones, we applied a creative management method. In fact, management science provides solutions to improve the implementation of the fundamental principles of rights. For this reason, we first explain the prospects, values, threats and strengths of labor laws in free zones and evaluate them based on matrix tables. With the investigation carried out with the Swot-Ahp method, we reached interesting results that if the approach of strategies for petrochemical workers in free zones must be revised in the laws related to the hearing board regarding the way of appeal and the way of expressing the request from the workers and Also, arrangements should be made regarding the handling of workers' cases. Employers should also consider requiring workers' requests to be in writing at the time of signing the contract and taking into account the rights of workers in the context of the contract in the face of any changes in the work environmen Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        416 - Identify the core competencies of creativity and managers of private newspapers
        Mohammad Dadgran Mojtaba Etemadmoghaddam
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Purpose: This study aimed to measure creativity and core competencies private newspaper executives are written. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Method: The research method is descriptive survey to collect information, a questionnaire is used, the popul More
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Purpose: This study aimed to measure creativity and core competencies private newspaper executives are written. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Method: The research method is descriptive survey to collect information, a questionnaire is used, the population of 25 private newspapers that are distributed across quartiles and the publication of the Tehran horizon theme is all political, social, cultural, economic, sports and cover. Findings: The findings indicate that: communication skills, audience research, timely payment of salaries and share ownership among journalists are the most important competencies of managers. The most important indicator of knowledge, audience research, the most important indicator of ability to pay on time, the most important indicator of skills, communication skills and the attitude indicator. The share ownership among journalists, while a creativity Bartbh average 74/8 rank is 10. Conclusion: Some important and merits a higher rating. The results of Friedman's analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among the core competencies of managers, which means that they are not the same rank. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        417 - Modeling the Effect of Organizational Environment and its Triple Dimensions on Organizational Innovation with the Role of Interagency Collaboration (Case Study: Sahar Hamadan Food Industries and Related Companies) Abstract
        Morteza Moradi Rabeah Zandipak Shima Mirsafdari
        Background: Today, organizations utilize collaborative strategies such as inter-organizational collaboration to gain innovation, competitive advantage and address external factors in the organization environment. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investi More
        Background: Today, organizations utilize collaborative strategies such as inter-organizational collaboration to gain innovation, competitive advantage and address external factors in the organization environment. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of inter-organizational collaboration in the relationship between organizational environment and organizational innovation. Methodology: The study is purposeful, applied, in terms of nature and method, is a descriptive-correlational survey. To test the hypotheses, a questionnaire consisting of 19 questions adjusted to the 5-point Likert scale was used. The statistical population of the study includes the staff of Sahar Hamadan food industry and its affiliated companies (Niousheh, Alvand Yaran Sahar and Shokoufeh Alvand) 210 persons. Sample size of 134 persons, based on Krejcie and Morgan table by relative stratified sampling, was calculated using Spss software, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity using Lisrel software. The path analysis model was used to analyze the data and the Sobel test was used to analyze the mediator variable. Findings and Conclusion: The results showed that the organizational environment can have a positive and significant effect on inter-organizational cooperation and indirectly (through inter-organizational collaboration); inter-organizational cooperation has a positive and significant effect. Focuses on organizational innovation. To investigate the role of mediator variable, the Sabell test method was used, the results indicate that inter-organizational cooperation plays the role of mediator variable in relation between two other variables. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        418 - Formulating structural model of entrepreneurial attitude based on the perception of family support and competition
        Soraya Mehrizizadeh Shekoofeh Mottaghi Mohammadhossein Sorbi
        Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of competitiveness in the relationship between perceptions of family support and entrepreneurial attitudes in high school students. Method: This was a descriptive-correlational study using structur More
        Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of competitiveness in the relationship between perceptions of family support and entrepreneurial attitudes in high school students. Method: This was a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all high school students in Yazd, 415 of whom were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect data detritus from questionnaires competitiveness of Franken et al. (1995), entrepreneurial attitude Dalijah (2017) and the perception of the support of families Prosidano and Heller (1983) were used. The obtained data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics (describing how the data are scattered) and inferential statistics (testing research hypotheses and fitting the measurement model). Results: The results showed that there is a significant direct effect between perceptions of family support and competition and also between competition and entrepreneurial attitude (P&lt;0.01). On the other hand, the perception of family support can have a significant indirect effect on the entrepreneurial attitude through the mediating role of competition, the effect of which was equal to 20%. Conclusion: By strengthening the spirit of positive competition and increasing family support, entrepreneurial attitude can be raised in students. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        419 - I-Type magmatism in granitoids from e-ne Tafresh
        Shiva Ansari Mohammad Hashem Emami Majid Ghaderi Khosro Khosro-Tehrani
        The polyphase Nevis granitoid pluton extends 70 km2, is located in Urmieh-Dokhtar zone, shows variationwhich in terms of emplacement depth is related to epizonal to mesozonal environments [16], and in range ofacidic to basic including tonalite, granodiorite, granite, mo More
        The polyphase Nevis granitoid pluton extends 70 km2, is located in Urmieh-Dokhtar zone, shows variationwhich in terms of emplacement depth is related to epizonal to mesozonal environments [16], and in range ofacidic to basic including tonalite, granodiorite, granite, monzonite, diorite and gabbro. The mentioned pluton isintruded to different units of volcano-sediments (according to the 1:250000 Geological Survey map) of Eocenesequences (E1, E2, E3, E4,E5, E6) and has imposed a contact metamorphism in Eocene [3]. Existance of maficenclaves in the main body could confirm the initial basic-intermediate magma replacement. According to thecoarse granular texture of these basic-intermediate rocks can be said that they have been replaced in crust middledepths (mesozonal) and in later stages, a large size of tonalitic magma intruded to the region shows variation intexture. Part of this tonalitic magma get to higher levels and show porphyry textures. Then they involved inmylonitic textures under tectonic stresses. Stress effects produced subgrain minerals and undulose extinction.The final phase of plutonism was made up leucocratic micro-granite and granophyres, comparing to tonalite theyhave limited volume and they are the most shallow plutonism in the area. Another pervasive process had beenthe effects of heat and fluid (hydrothermal process) caused by successive injections which had differentinfluences on the rocks, and created secondary mineral paragenesis of greenschist facies including epidote,chlorite, calcite, albite, sphene and opaque minerals, represent the geothermal system activities in differentphases and the formation history of polyphase Nevis pluton.Based on field surveys, lithology and geochemical, granitoids are I-type. These rocks are calc alkaline andmetaluminous. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        420 - the genesis and origion studies of haji abad granitoid pluton (south of boin zahra)
        elham safarzade mansour وثوقی عابدینی
        Haji Abad granitoid pluton (~90Km&sup2;) is located in 135 Km southwest of Tehran , 7 Km south of Boin Zahracity (Fig.1).This pluton with approximate age 39.2(&plusmn;3.2)Ma [4] emplaced in central of Uromieh &ndash; Dokhtar zonerocks .This pluton has a compositional ra More
        Haji Abad granitoid pluton (~90Km&sup2;) is located in 135 Km southwest of Tehran , 7 Km south of Boin Zahracity (Fig.1).This pluton with approximate age 39.2(&plusmn;3.2)Ma [4] emplaced in central of Uromieh &ndash; Dokhtar zonerocks .This pluton has a compositional rang of granitoid rocks include syenogranite , monzogranite , granodioriteand granophyr . Under study pluton in view of magmatic series is calk-alkaline , medium to high K and in viewof alumina saturation index is meta-alumine nature .Field , geology , petrography and geochemical study indicatethat these granitoids are High temperature magnetite I-type or Cordiller I- type granitoids . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        421 - Study of paleoecology and paleoceanographic condition of Khangiran Formation based on the lack of Morozovella (Index genera of Eocene planktonic foraminifera)
        M.A Salahi Mohammad Vahihinia
        Kopet-Dagh basin is located in north and northeast of Iran. Khangiran Formation is one of the most importantformations of Paleogene deposits. For study of Khangiran Formation, Chehelkaman Syncline section wasselected. This section located in southwest of Sarakhs city, e More
        Kopet-Dagh basin is located in north and northeast of Iran. Khangiran Formation is one of the most importantformations of Paleogene deposits. For study of Khangiran Formation, Chehelkaman Syncline section wasselected. This section located in southwest of Sarakhs city, east of Kopet-Dagh basin. Thickness of this section is136 meters and lithology of this section composed alternation of olive green Marl and limy yellow Marl. In thisresearch foraminifera fauna of Khangiran Formation was studied. The age of this section is Early-MiddleEocene, and planktonic foraminifera fauna of this section shows anomaly. Based on this anomaly, lack ofMorozovellids, that are index fossils of Eocene, was observed. Eutrophic condition of this Formation as for theplanktonic and benthonic foraminifera study is the reason of this subject that it's the result of changes in thepaleoceanographic conditions such as situation of stratification of water column and nutrient changes. As far theMorozovellids can't accordance with eutrophic condition, lack of the species mans of this genus observed forKhangiran Formation. Khangiran Formation condition is comparable with Caucasus basin and this subject can beindicating of same condition of this two basin at least during the Eocene time. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        422 - Geological,mineralogical,petrogeraphy and alternation investigation at Kashmar Chalpou-Kalate Chubak antimony deposite
        fatemeh KHakrah Mohammad Lotfi S.J Moghadasi
        The mine area is located in 65km north of Kashmar(Khorasan-e-Razavi province-East Iran)and it forms a part of northeast of Central Iran zone. This area consists of Paleogene terrigenoussediments containing of shale, marl, sandstone and conglomerate with interlayers of p More
        The mine area is located in 65km north of Kashmar(Khorasan-e-Razavi province-East Iran)and it forms a part of northeast of Central Iran zone. This area consists of Paleogene terrigenoussediments containing of shale, marl, sandstone and conglomerate with interlayers of pyroclasticrocks that age of sediments are belonged to Eocene. The faults with East-West trending(parallelwith Doruneh main fault) influenced the region and the formation of this deposit. The mineralogy of deposit is simple and consists of quartz, calcite, stibnite, pyrite, gold, realgar and orpiment. The main type alternations are arjillic, sericitic, pyritization, silicifcation and carbonatization. Field observations, petrography and paragenetic sequences indicate that mineralizationis happened in epithermal vein system. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        423 - Petrography and mineralography of copper deposits in South Kashmar area
        فرانک Fiezi S.E Haghighi-Bardineh
        Dahaneh Siah, Cheshmeh Gaz, Zangalu and Cheshmeh Zelzeleh deposits are located in Kashmar1:250000 geological map in north of Doruneh fault. This area belongs to Sabzevar zone .According tolitho logic studies, the volcanic rocks vary in composition from Basaltic Andesite More
        Dahaneh Siah, Cheshmeh Gaz, Zangalu and Cheshmeh Zelzeleh deposits are located in Kashmar1:250000 geological map in north of Doruneh fault. This area belongs to Sabzevar zone .According tolitho logic studies, the volcanic rocks vary in composition from Basaltic Andesite to Andesitic Basaltand Andesite as host rock and their adjacent rock units are Limestone and Tuffs. The mineralizationare occurred in contraction fractures around the Andesitic clasts and also disseminated in Andesitefractures. Dominant texture in Dahaneh Siah deposit is Porphiritic and Trachytic, Vesicular,Amygdaloidal are distinguished too. Plagioclases vary in composition between Oligoclase andAndesine. Biotite, green and Brown Hornblende have seen together and primary Pyroxenes containDiopside, Augite and Hypersthene. Inclusions of idiomorphic Appetites exist in Fe &ndash; Mg minerals orin matrix. Accessory minerals are Magnetite, Esphen and zircon. Vesicles are filled by Calcite,Chlorite and Quartz. Plagioclases altered to Clay minerals in Cheshmeh gaz deposit. The main mineralin Zangalu is Plagioclase and accessory minerals are altered Olivine and Pyroxene. Main minerals inCheshmeh Zelzeleh are Pyroxene and Plagioclase and accessory mineral is the Olivine which isAltered to Ferro oxide and Serpentine. There is no opaque mineral in polished sections of this deposit.Paragenesis of minerals in Dahaneh Siah, Cheshmeh Gaz and Zangalu contain: Magnetite &rarr; Pyrite &rarr;Chalcopyrite &rarr; Chalcocite &rarr; Bornite &rarr; Hematite &rarr; Covellite &rarr; Copper &rarr; Malachite &rarr;Chrysocolla &rarr; Lepidocrocite &rarr; Limonite. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        424 - The Role of Chahshak Fault on Quality of Drinking Water Wells Northwest of Mashhad Plain
        Abbas Kangi Mohammad reza Arjmand
        Mashhad plain in a special structural position and Influenced by the performance of a series of active faults in the northern margin of the Binaloud Mountain Range, The southern margin of the Kopet Dagh Mountain Range and the Quchan Eating Zone is located to the west. T More
        Mashhad plain in a special structural position and Influenced by the performance of a series of active faults in the northern margin of the Binaloud Mountain Range, The southern margin of the Kopet Dagh Mountain Range and the Quchan Eating Zone is located to the west. The activity of these faults has formed the stepping morphology of lowland rock. Also active faults in the thick Quaternary period and The expansion of alluvial sediments has a high potential for discharge. Chaheshk fault as a subsidiary of Shandiz fault zone in central part of Mashhad plain, It plays an important role in controlling the hydraulic behavior of the groundwater resources of this plain. This fault is based on the integration of geoelectric profiles and The results of machine excavations are first identified in this study.Wells drilled to the north of Chahshak fault with good discharge Often at depths of more than 250 meters, they have been impacted by clayey rocks and Neogene conglomerates. But wells drilled south of the fault with very low discharge and Or no discharge generally at a depth of 100 to 140 meters They have been struck by metamorphic rocks. The uplift of the rock in the south of the Chahshak Fault causes The stepping morphology has been followed by metamorphic rocks in the southern part of Mashhad plain. This metamorphic uplift as a positive flower-like building, Under the influence of a straight-strike strike-slip faulting system, it was created by a trance-tension mechanism. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        425 - Micro facies and sedimentary environment of the Qom formation in Verjun-Khur Abad area
        Keyvan khaksar Masoomeh Sohrabi-mollayousefy Saeed rahmanian
        Qom Formation in the section of Verjun-KHurabad area constitutes 852 meters of limestones in thin layers tothick layers, marl, gypsiferous marl, sandstones, and lime sandstones. Its lower contact (section a) is abrupt andmild unconformity with lower red formation. Its u More
        Qom Formation in the section of Verjun-KHurabad area constitutes 852 meters of limestones in thin layers tothick layers, marl, gypsiferous marl, sandstones, and lime sandstones. Its lower contact (section a) is abrupt andmild unconformity with lower red formation. Its upper contact (section f) is gradual and concordant with upperred formation. Besides sampling, lithology changes, stratigraphy, geomorphology of stone units was examined.The results led to drawn the stratigraphy log of Qom Formation in the studied area. Petrography and microfaciesstudies together with field evidences led to recognition of eight carbonated microfacies in different parts of QomFormation. This microfacies lied on the tidal, barrier, lagoon and open marine environments. The study of faciesand their succession in the mentioned area and compare with modern and old sedimentary environment showsthat Qom Formation was deposited in a warm marine environment. Also, the facies of Qom Formation in thestudied area was deposited in a carbonated ramp environment Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        426 - Mineralography and petrography studies in Kahang exploratory zone
        Maryam Farmahini Farahani Ahmad Khakzad Hooshang Asadi Mohammad Hashem Emami Iraj Rasa
        Kazerun covers one of the most precious and beautiful natural regions of Fars Province. Parishan Conservative,part ofwhich is on the east of Kazerun, is located in Kouhmareh, Nodan and Gerearea. Parishan Lake is alsocalled Famour. This comes from the name of the spring More
        Kazerun covers one of the most precious and beautiful natural regions of Fars Province. Parishan Conservative,part ofwhich is on the east of Kazerun, is located in Kouhmareh, Nodan and Gerearea. Parishan Lake is alsocalled Famour. This comes from the name of the spring which is the Lakes main source of water. The sceneryduring spring and fall is very attractive, and the green and flower fields around the lake and presence of wildbirds make a very astonishing natural resort. This lake has been registered as an international pond in RamsarConvention (1971) and as a conservative region in the classification of regions. In this article, a brief study of theanimals and plants specifications of Parishan Lake before fire and also the effective factors on its destruction arepresented. At the end, there is report on the current conditions of the lake after the fire. The Methodologyincludes documentary as well as field study Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        427 - Petrophysical evaluation of Asmari formation in Galenar oilfield located in Dezful Embayment
        Akram Eivazinejad Mahdi Zare
        Galenar oilfield is located in 40 kilometers to the north of Andimeshk and have two Reservoir with names of Asmariformation and Bangestan group.Asmari formation with composition of Limestone, Sandstone, Sandy limestone withshale layers is one of the important hydrocarbo More
        Galenar oilfield is located in 40 kilometers to the north of Andimeshk and have two Reservoir with names of Asmariformation and Bangestan group.Asmari formation with composition of Limestone, Sandstone, Sandy limestone withshale layers is one of the important hydrocarbon reservoir in Dezful Embayment therefore in this paper petrophysicalevaluation in Asmari formation is studied with use of Geolog software that including of lithology, shale volume, porosityand water saturation. Accordingly the appropriate zones with good economical exploration are identified. Based oneva1uation Asmari formation has three reservoir zones. The mean porosity in A1 zone is 2%,the mean water saturation is55% and the mean shale volume is 7.5%.the mean porosity in A2 zone is 12%,the mean water saturation is 45% and themean shale volume is 37.5%,the mean porosity in A3 zone is 5%,the mean water saturation is 40% and the shale volumeis 35%.with comparison of other oilfields in Dezful Embayment, porosity and water saturation of A1 and A2 zones aresimilar to BH-51 in Bibihakimeh oilfield. Therefore, the extraction of Bibihakimeh oilfield is economical than Galenaroilfield. Galenar oilfield is the less porosity than the result of core analysis in Ahwaz oilfield. Therefore, Galenar oilfield isthe less economical than Ahwaz oilfield. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        428 - Petrography, Geochemistry and Tectonomagmatic Setting of the intrusive bodies of Jasb area
        R. Mohammadi ناصر Ebadati
        The Jasb area is located about 100 Km of South of Qom in Urmiyeh-Dokhtar magmatic belt. Thescattered plutonic rocks belong to Eocene-Oligocene and Miocene. The plutonic rocks&rsquo; typeVariations are granite, quartzmonzonite, tonalite-granodiorite ,quartzmicrodiorite, More
        The Jasb area is located about 100 Km of South of Qom in Urmiyeh-Dokhtar magmatic belt. Thescattered plutonic rocks belong to Eocene-Oligocene and Miocene. The plutonic rocks&rsquo; typeVariations are granite, quartzmonzonite, tonalite-granodiorite ,quartzmicrodiorite, and gabbrodiorite.The petrographic studies revealed that the textures of plutonic rocks are mainly granular andsometimes graphic or porphyritic. The magmatic series of intrusive rocks except gabbrodiorite types(toleitic) are calk alkaline and metaaluminums. Probably, the small massive granite rocks in theinvestigation area are I - type granite. The Rocks in this area compositionally belong to the tectonicalregime of the VAG and SynCOLG. Considering change in abundance of minerals such as pyroxene,magnetite, amphibole, biotite, plagioclase and feldspar in the intrusive rocks, hence, it is indicative ofsuccessive process of differentiation in intermediate magma, and ultimately creating variation inlithology. According to the analysis results, the geochemical diagrams were drawn and interpreted.Defining the lithology of intrusives, the tectonomagmatic condition, magmatic series, and geochemicalvariations are the results of geochemical and petrologic studies of intrusives in the area. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        429 - Mineral chemistry research and a review of petrology of intrusive mass in Mobarak Abad region
        Ali Asghar Parchegani Mohammad Ali Arian Mohammad Fodazi
        In 75 km of the North-East of Tehran, and in Mobarak Abad region, there is a big dike which is 6km to 500m in the direction West -Northwest and East-Southeast, injected into one of the branches of Mosha-Fasham thrust. This mass is injected into Karaj formation (middle E More
        In 75 km of the North-East of Tehran, and in Mobarak Abad region, there is a big dike which is 6km to 500m in the direction West -Northwest and East-Southeast, injected into one of the branches of Mosha-Fasham thrust. This mass is injected into Karaj formation (middle Eocene) so is younger than middle Eocene.&nbsp; From petrography point of view, the rocks are olivine gabbro, gabbro, diorite and Granodiorite. After electron microprobe analyze (EPMA) of the olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase samples of the area we concluded that olivine with 67.8% Mg is Hyalosiderite, pyroxene is Augite and plagioclase in center is Bytownite and the around is Labradorite. The magma type in this masse is sodic calc-alkaline that has quality metaluminous to peraluminous. Changes of main elements show that the formation elements have a creating relation between terms of plutonic rocks of the region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        430 - Determination of Reservoir character of kangan & dalan formation in south pars gas field using wireline logs
        میترا Nozari بهرام Movahed S.H Vaziri
        The south pars gas field is on of the southwestern fields of iran in zagros sedimentary basing andconsists of two kangan and dalan reservoirs . the Kangan and Dalan formations belong to Dehram Groupand are the most important gas reservoirs in Persian Gulf area . Petroph More
        The south pars gas field is on of the southwestern fields of iran in zagros sedimentary basing andconsists of two kangan and dalan reservoirs . the Kangan and Dalan formations belong to Dehram Groupand are the most important gas reservoirs in Persian Gulf area . Petrophysical characteristics in the studiedwell were evaluated by the data of the well logs and Probabilistic method was used for petrophysical byGeolog 6.6 software . for an accurate evaluations , the necessary corrections were applied on logs byconsidering the places of wash out , environment effects , gas and shale effects . After that , the lithology ofthe Kangan and Dalan formations were determined by using of cross plot of neutron &ndash; density.Analysis of wire line data shows that the formation is basically limeston and in some part it is dolomite .on the based of Lithology , shale volume , presence of evaporate sediments and porosity , the Kanganformation has been zoned to and , and the Dalan formation has been zoned to and . The resultsshow that the zone of the Kangan formation and the zone of the Dalan formation have on apporiatereservoir in terms of gas saturation level, porosity and lithology as results porosity (PHIE) and watersaturation (SWE) were obtained 9/45% , 9/7% for kangan and 8/65% , 8/2% for Dalan formation inaverage , respectively . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        431 - Comparison of the effectiveness of optimism training, emotion regulation and mindfulness training in reducing academic burnout in students with test anxiety
        Amirreza Rasam Ozra Ghaffari Abbas Abolghasemi Mansour Beyrami
        Test anxiety is one of the most common problems among students that causes behavioral problems in addition to academic problems. Exam anxiety is associated with a variety of factors, and there are various ways to do it. One of the factors associated with exam anxiety is More
        Test anxiety is one of the most common problems among students that causes behavioral problems in addition to academic problems. Exam anxiety is associated with a variety of factors, and there are various ways to do it. One of the factors associated with exam anxiety is students' academic apprehension. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of different educational programs (optimism, emotion regulation and mindfulness) in reducing academic anxiety in students with test anxiety. In this regard, four groups of students with test anxiety were randomly selected and three groups were trained as program (optimism, emotion regulation and mindfulness) for eight sessions and one group as control group. The results of pre-test and post-test of groups on students' academic achievement were compared and analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (ssps). In the present study, the results showed the effectiveness of all three methods of training in reducing academic burnout, but mindfulness training was the most effective method with the highest difference, followed by optimism and emotion regulation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        432 - Presenting a model of determinants of venture investment using the Soccer League Competition Algorithm (SLCA)
        Nahid Naeemi Ramin Zeraatgari Gholamreza Rezaei
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        433 - Design of Organizational Culture Model in Bandar Imam Petrochemical Complex
        Sadegh Shattaly Nazhed Rovis Saeed Sayadi Masoud Pourkiani Farzaneh Bigzadeh Abbasi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        434 - Identifying the optimal strategy for technology development in the Information Communication Technology (ICT) industry in a Telecommunication Infrastructure Company
        Mehrdad Fekratnejad Akbar Bagheri Muhammad Hossein Fatehi Dabanloo
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        435 - Identifying the Indicators of Managers' Competency and Investigating Their Status in Iran Insurance Branches
        Hamid Nemati Hamdollah Manzari Tavakoli Sanjar Salajegheh Masoud Pourkiani Ayob Sheykhi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        436 - comparative analysis between the figure of the beloved in the Saadi and Petrarch's lyrics
        ashraf sadat ashrafi Dr.Mohammadreza Asad Dr.Fatemeh Asgari Dr.Mohsen Izadyar
        &nbsp; &nbsp;The first purpose of this original research is to present and the to know better the love poetry and the essential elements of poetics of Francesco Petrarca, the famous Italian love lyrics father who set up Humanism in Europe, with a particular textual emph More
        &nbsp; &nbsp;The first purpose of this original research is to present and the to know better the love poetry and the essential elements of poetics of Francesco Petrarca, the famous Italian love lyrics father who set up Humanism in Europe, with a particular textual emphasis on the different points of convergence between his love lyrics and those of his contemporary, a great Persian poet, Saadi. In this paper, using some available sources and making a series of textual and lexical analyzes on two corpus available in comparison, we look for the thematic and stylistic similarities between two poetry collections that are the main subject of this study. Another aim of this research is to find the different points of divergence that recurs normally in two eastern and western poets&rsquo; works from the general point of view of the figure of the beloved one who is the principal subject of the poems in question. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        437 - Shades of Sándor Petőfi on “SAYEH”
        mohammadreza masoumi
        &nbsp; It can be said that all political revolutions in the world are formed from various waves, including economic wave, cultural wave, social wave (with the aim of social justice) and other waves and movements. The literature, as well, is a vast and powerful wave that More
        &nbsp; It can be said that all political revolutions in the world are formed from various waves, including economic wave, cultural wave, social wave (with the aim of social justice) and other waves and movements. The literature, as well, is a vast and powerful wave that in addition to its impact, has the ability to influence revolutionary currents and movements. However the plurality of waves always cause the interference of popular masses and artistic and literary works of these frightening flames of the revolutions, can represent these masses In this paper we have tried to show the influence of Hungarian revolutionary poet S&aacute;ndor Petőfi on social-revolutionary poems of Amir Hushang Ebtehaj &ldquo;Shadow&rdquo;, and in addition point out the similarities between the life and status of society these poets havelived in. societies that bear the burden of injustice and poverty, and those which ultimately bring out the sound of their masses&rsquo; sea of anger to those who have been sitting happily on the shore and smiling, by their artists and particularly poets&rsquo; voice. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        438 - A Study of Sanai's Poems Based on Peter Blaw's Theory of Exchange
        esmat Ahmadi roknabadi Dr. Azizollah Tavakoli Kafi Abad Dr.mahmoud sadeghzadeh
        According to Peter Blaw's theory of exchange, each member of society, during his or her social exchanges and connections with knowledge, falls into groups that receive rewards, and through these rewards, their social bond with knowledge and wisdom is strengthened; But i More
        According to Peter Blaw's theory of exchange, each member of society, during his or her social exchanges and connections with knowledge, falls into groups that receive rewards, and through these rewards, their social bond with knowledge and wisdom is strengthened; But if these people, as members of society, do not receive any reward for their actions in the process of these exchange transactions, their connection with science and learning will be weakened and, as a result, they will remain in the same ignorance. In this research, using descriptive-analytical method and referring to the theoretical sources of the research, an attempt has been made to explore the sociological axes of Peter Bellaw's theory in Sanai's poems, so that the reaction of the people depicted in his poems against the action Analyze the environment. The results of the study indicate that when the human intellect is closed, in contrast to the entry of any new information, it is not able to examine them rationally, and Sanai in his poems, put the concepts of ignorance and rationality together in its confrontational effects. In this way, it has awakened the audience to educational issues. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        439 - Identifying the Components of Competitive Intelligence in Order to Provide a Curriculum Program
        Shokooh Alamati Badri Shah Talebi Narges Saeidian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        440 - Identifying the Factors Affecting High School Technological Competency-Based Curriculum: A Qualitative Study
        Farid Rezaei Ali Kamar Mohammad Ali Majall Jafar Ghahremani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        441 - Identifying and Ranking the Professional Qualifications of Secondary School Teachers in the Heutagogy Approach
        Nahid Shafiee
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        442 - Characteristics of successful schools in the future from the experts’ point of view
        Barat Salimi Yousef Namvar Azam Rastgoo Touran Soleymani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        443 - The Effectiveness of Teaching Learning Strategies on the Professional Competence of Adult Education Educators of the Literacy Movement Organization
        Khadijeh Rasouli Ghodsi Ahghar Hassan Asadzadeh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        444 - Study of Antibacterial Activity and Dyeability Property of PET/Cotton Fabrics Coated Ag/SiO2 Nanocomposites
        Laleh Maleknia Elaheh Ahmadi
        10.30495/ijtnbm.2023.1992652.1024
        In present study, two components of Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite were prepared by the Sonochemical method and then the PET/cotton fabric treated with Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles (Ag/SiO2 NPs) by Pad-Dry method. The treated fabric dyed at the optimum condition with direct dyes. The i More
        In present study, two components of Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite were prepared by the Sonochemical method and then the PET/cotton fabric treated with Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles (Ag/SiO2 NPs) by Pad-Dry method. The treated fabric dyed at the optimum condition with direct dyes. The influence of the Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite on the performance of PET/cotton fabric was investigated by the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) and reflectance spectrophotometer (RS). TEM images of Ag/SiO2 showed the particles size were 30-70 nm. SEM results of Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite powders show that nanoscale particles are well formed, also SEM micrograph of treated fabrics indicated that the nanoparticles were well dispersed on the surface of sample. EDX results showed the presence of nanoparticles increased on the surface of samples with increase concentration of colloid solution nanoparticles. The antibacterial properties were determined by reduction growth of a Gram-negative bacterium E. coli and a Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Photo-catalytic activities of the coated PET/cotton fabric were evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        445 - Optimization of geometric parameters of brushless electric motor
        Naser Nemati Abdollah Khalesi Doost Mohammad T.Askari
        In this research, a new method is proposed to reduce the coincidence of the volume, losses and cost of making a DC motor without brushes using colonial competition optimization algorithms. In the first step, all electric motor relations are extracted and expressed based More
        In this research, a new method is proposed to reduce the coincidence of the volume, losses and cost of making a DC motor without brushes using colonial competition optimization algorithms. In the first step, all electric motor relations are extracted and expressed based on its geometric parameters. In the second step, the function of competence, which is the same reduction in the volume, losses and cost of construction of a DC motor without brush, is defined on the basis of the relationships obtained in the previous stage. In the third step, the colonial competition algorithm is used to select the best values of the geometric parameters of the engine so that the objective function is minimized. The results of simulations show that the colonial competition algorithm has a good performance and can dramatically reduce the size, loss, and cost by appropriate selection of geometric parameters. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        446 - Investigation of the Barriers to the implementation of Private Investment in Construction of cogeneration system in Governmental medical centers
        Ashkan Abdali Susan
        One of the most suitable places for the implementation of cogeneration systems (CCHPs) are hospitals . The high and continuous of electricity, heating and cooling loads in these places have caused the use of this type of system to be of great attraction. The low tariffs More
        One of the most suitable places for the implementation of cogeneration systems (CCHPs) are hospitals . The high and continuous of electricity, heating and cooling loads in these places have caused the use of this type of system to be of great attraction. The low tariffs for energy carriers in government hospitals have caused the private sector to refrain from investing directly in this sector due to lack of economic justification. In this study, which was performed in a typical hospital, as one of the most suitable places for construction of the CCHP system, the capacity has been estimated to 2.4 MW power plant based on two 1.2 MW gas engines. In this project, it is anticipated that by utilizing the waste heat of gas engines in the supply of heat and power to the hospital, the energy conversion efficiency could be increased from 42% to 56.4%. In this study, different solutions have been introduced in order to eliminate the obstacles of the ruler in attracting this amount of investment . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        447 - Validation of key drivers of performance management in service organization
        Sadegh Khodadadi Amene Malmir Kambiz Hamidi Javad Niknafs
        10.30495/qrm.2023.705436
        AbstractThe administrative system in every country is important and reliable because of the direct and face-to-face communication with the various levels of government societies and because a volume of services reaches the people through different channels and departmen More
        AbstractThe administrative system in every country is important and reliable because of the direct and face-to-face communication with the various levels of government societies and because a volume of services reaches the people through different channels and departments. A decision of a coherent, efficient, transparent and responsive administrative system is always one of the concerns of statesmen and policy makers of any society. Therefore, from this scope and by examining the key factors, it seems to evaluate the organization's performance and compare it with other organizations. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting performance management. For this purpose, the required data was collected by interviewing 17 selected experts of the Civil Registry Organization and completing 360 questionnaires. Also, in order to find effective factors, structural equation method, factor analysis and Friedman's test were used. The results indicate that, among the extra-organizational factors, there is a cultural/social component, and among the internal factors, there is a management method component, and among the process factors, there is a measurement method component, and among the result factors, there is an individual feedback component, and among the consequential factors. the efficiency component has the highest correlation with performance management. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        448 - Presenting the analysis model of the internal factors of the National Bank of Iran with regard to the professional ethics of the employees to gain a competitive advantage
        ابوالقاسم موسوی نسب رضا سپهوند عبدالخالق غلامی چنارستان علیا علی پیرزاد
        10.30495/qrm.2023.705364
        AbstractThe purpose of this research is to identify and rank the internal factors affecting the competitive advantage of National Bank in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The method of conducting this research was done with a combination of qualitative and quantita More
        AbstractThe purpose of this research is to identify and rank the internal factors affecting the competitive advantage of National Bank in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The method of conducting this research was done with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The data collection tool is suitable for qualitative research method, in-depth interview and quantitative research method, using researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was the managers and employees of the National Bank of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad branches, and in the survey section, 100 employees and managers of the National Bank of Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad branches were selected. The results are based on SPSS 24 software and PLS SMART structural equation approach. The plots have shown the path coefficients in the model for: creating differentiation in services (0.492+), reducing the total price of services (0.174+), customer attraction power (0.167+), resource attraction power (0.428). +), ability to collect claims (+0.107), marketing capabilities (+0.298), bank branding (+0.140), capable human resources (+0.185), modern banking services (+0.228) ), the number of Bank Melli branches (+0.174), staff management (+0.480), appropriate information (+0.453), the image of the bank (+0.414), trust in Bank Melli (+0.294) , service quality (+0.645), suitable facilities (+0.337), suitable internet services (+0.171) and professional ethics (0.185) have a direct, positive and significant impact on the competitive advantage of National Bank. According to the analyzes of this research, 18 internal effective factors on the competitive advantage of National Bank branches were identified. Among these factors, the quality of service has the greatest effect and the ability to collect claims has the least effect, which requires the attention of the stakeholders and decision makers of National Bank to improve and correct them. Also, the factor of professional ethics is an important point of this research that among the various factors from marketing to finance, the existence of such a factor must be included in the bank's plans. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        449 - Petrography and its Function for Investigation of Archaeological Materials (a Case Study: Stone )
        Hamid Amanollahi
        Archeology, like any other scientific field of study, is on the move to fundamental changes and evolution, in a way that its transformed view might appear unfamiliar for archeologists belonging to last generations, or those unaware of its recent extensive advancements i More
        Archeology, like any other scientific field of study, is on the move to fundamental changes and evolution, in a way that its transformed view might appear unfamiliar for archeologists belonging to last generations, or those unaware of its recent extensive advancements in two decades. The most important step in promoting archeology was the adoption of archaeological field methods based on scientific principles, with specific issues of cultural studies, field tests and theory making (hypothesis) that is common in all the fields of science today. Thus, the expansion of archaeological science in recent decades and increasing attention to the interaction and the role of environmental resources - and its role in human activities as well as creation of archeological monuments &ndash; caused archeologists to be in need of other fields of science, especially basic science and engineering. About fifty years of cooperation of scientists in archeological fields such Geoarchaeology, Paleoethnobotnay, Archaeozoology, Archaeobiology, etc. as a research group, has given a new form to this branch of science. Therefore, having a group of archaeological and geological experts altogether has enhanced the analysis. In this paper it is attempted to discuss the importance of interdisciplinary sciences, methods of recognizing, and the importance of identifying rocks and archaeological studies.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        450 - Rock Art in the Northeast of Qorveh, Kurdistan Province
        Jamal Lahafian Ali Behnia
        Some rock art sites have been discovered in southeastern Kurdistan and northeastern Qorveh city on the foothill of young volcanic mountains (Siah and Gharineh). Some of its rock art manifestations contain important elements that in terms of work style and morphology are More
        Some rock art sites have been discovered in southeastern Kurdistan and northeastern Qorveh city on the foothill of young volcanic mountains (Siah and Gharineh). Some of its rock art manifestations contain important elements that in terms of work style and morphology are comparable to the petroglyphs of different regions of Iran and other areas of Kurdistan. Some of these carvings have been made in several different periods by overlapping on the boulders. Qorveh motifs include cupules in different styles, linear, single, and group, human motifs in various combinations and modes, including various scenes such as hunting with a bow and arrow, horseman in a hunting mode, group dancing and other various modes, and animal motifs comprising antelope, ram, ewe, deer, gazelle, boar, camel, snake, feliformia and also other animal-like and human-like which have been displayed in graphic and abstract forms as well as geometric shapes and symbols. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        451 - Wave Scroll Motif: Trace of Ancient Greek Art in Oriental Rural and Nomadic Carpets
        Sara Moslehi Bahman Firoozmandi Arman Shishegar
        10.30495/jaa.2024.2004224.1024
        The wave scroll motif is among the designs that, nowadays, are mainly seen in rural and nomadic carpets in a wide geographical area, from Central Asia to Anatolia and the Caucasus, as well as Iran. Historically, this motif originates from Hellenistic art and is still us More
        The wave scroll motif is among the designs that, nowadays, are mainly seen in rural and nomadic carpets in a wide geographical area, from Central Asia to Anatolia and the Caucasus, as well as Iran. Historically, this motif originates from Hellenistic art and is still used in oriental carpets today. The purpose of this article is to find out how and the possible time of the arrival of this pattern from Greek art to Iranian carpets using archaeological evidence, including old museum carpets. Using valuable motifs of Sassanian Carpets, this article tracks the transfer of this motif from the Hellenic-Byzantine civilization to the art of pre-Islamic Iran and in various artistic disciplines such as pottery and textiles to clarify this motif&rsquo;s long journey from pre-Islamic art to the Islamic period. This study shows that the motif was most likely known since the Seleucid period in the Persianate world, but the most evidence of it can be seen in the art of the Parthian and Sasanian periods, furthermore the findings show that this motif was used at least from late Parthian era on the border of hand-made textiles like carpets. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        452 - Metallurgical Studies on Samples From Central Zagros, Northern Kuhdasht
        Soraya Elikay Dehno Taymour Akbari Morteza Gravand Faramarz Rostami Charati Fereshte Rahimi
        10.30495/jaa.2022.694797
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        453 - Machinery Optimal Layout Design of a Production System with the Aim of Reducing Transportation Costs Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
        Monireh Jannesari Aghdam Ramin Meshkabadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        454 - Optimization of a thermoelectric refrigeration system to enhance cooling capacity
        Amin Hadidi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        455 - Voltage Flicker Parameters Estimation
        Saeid Jalilzade Mehdi Mardani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        456 - Generation Scheduling in Large-Scale Power Systems with Wind Farms Using MICA
        Hossein Nasiragdam Nariman Najafian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        457 - The Effects of Integrative Social and Emotional Learning Program on Students' Psychosocial Competencies
        غفور احراری رحیم بدری گرگری اسکندر فتحی آذر میرمحمود میرنسب
        Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of integrative Social and Emotional Learning Program on Students' Psycho-social Competencies. In this study we focused on five accepted competences suggested by CASEL (Collaborative for Academic, Social, and More
        Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of integrative Social and Emotional Learning Program on Students' Psycho-social Competencies. In this study we focused on five accepted competences suggested by CASEL (Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning). Methodology: fifth and sixth grade kids at elementary schools in Saghez has been chosen as control (n=62) and experimental (n=92), based on Quasi-Experimental intact groups and whole school approach method. The psycho-social skills have been instructed for 14 sessions (45 minutes). Zhou and Ee's (2012) Social- Emotional Questionnaire was used to probe the results. Results: the data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The intervention showed the significant differences in self-awareness and self- control between the control and experimental groups, but there were no significant differences in social- awareness, social control and responsible decision making. Conclusion: based on these findings, concerning mental disorders and whole child development and wellbeing, students' psychosocial competencies would improve, hopefully. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        458 - Predicting competitive anxiety based on parenting styles and comparing it in gender groups of athletic students of Tehran province
        Mostafa Naeimi Zohreh Rafezi
        The aim of this research was predicting competitive anxiety based on parenting styles and comparing it in gender groups of athletic students. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive. The research population was ph More
        The aim of this research was predicting competitive anxiety based on parenting styles and comparing it in gender groups of athletic students. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive. The research population was physical education College students of Tehran province in the year 2019, which 225 people were selected by available sampling method as a sample. Data were collected with questionnaires of Martines competitive state anxiety (1990) and Buri perceived parenting styles (1991) and analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients, multivariate regression and one-way variance analysis in SPSS-22 software. The findings showed that male and female athletic students did significant difference in perceived competitive anxiety, but didn&rsquo;t significantly differentiate in parenting styles. Also, authoritative and permissive styles had a significant negative relationship with cognitive anxiety and authoritarian style had a significant positive relationship with cognitive anxiety. Authoritative style had a significant negative relationship with physical anxiety and authoritarian style had a significant positive relationship with physical anxiety, but the permissive style didn&rsquo;t have a significant relationship with it. Authoritative and permissive styles had a significant positive relationship with self-confidence and authoritarian style had a significant negative relationship with self-confidence. In addition, parenting styles significantly predict cognitive anxiety and self-confidence of athletic students, but they weren&rsquo;t able to predict their physical anxiety. Based on the results, to reduce competitive anxiety parents can be advised to use authoritative and permissive parenting styles, respectively, and not to use authoritarian parenting styles. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        459 - Content analysis of the "Social Studies textbooks" in the Primary schools with respect to the social competency components
        Razieh jalili javad jahan
        This research aiming to investigate the amount attention to the social competence components of Social studies curriculum in primary school. The research method is descriptive for identifying components and content analysis method has been used to study and analyze the More
        This research aiming to investigate the amount attention to the social competence components of Social studies curriculum in primary school. The research method is descriptive for identifying components and content analysis method has been used to study and analyze the social studies curriculum. The study statistical communities were the social studies textbooks of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades. Data collection tools were an Inventory of analyzing textbooks contents which Compiled after studying literature and legal contexts. And its validity has been determined by the Education Specialists and the relevant experts. The Content analysis unit had been pictures, paragraph and practicing. , findings indicate that:In the cognitive skill, the most emphasis in the fifth grade was 38.3, and the lowest in the third grade was 21.3 respectively. And the total average emphasis was 0/033/78, which was evaluated in a low level. In the Emotional Skills, the highest emphasis was placed in the third grade with0/0 7.2 and the lowest in the fourth grade with 0.4 and the mean total was 0/02.2 percent,. In The motivational skills, the most stressed in the fifth grade with 0/019.3 and the lowest fourth grade with0/0 7.2 The average of the total emphasis on the motivational component was 0/09.6 percent. And in the behavioral skills; the most emphasis was placed in the third grade with 0/011 and lowest fifth grade with the rate of 0/7 respectively, and the total average emphasis was 0/06., which in three skills is evaluated in a very low level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        460 - Identification of research competencies required and appropriate for the second elementary degree
        mahdi hossein panah morteza karami hossein jafari sani hossein kareshki
        The purpose of this research is to identify the research competency required and appropriate for the second elementary period. In this research, the competencies were identified in five steps using the design approach or the creation of a base model (Bayam and Meyer's m More
        The purpose of this research is to identify the research competency required and appropriate for the second elementary period. In this research, the competencies were identified in five steps using the design approach or the creation of a base model (Bayam and Meyer's model). In the first step, 105 research competencies were extracted from the views of 24 prominent scholars and scholars. In the second step, 49 research competencies were obtained in semi-structured interviews with 14 expert and expert teachers. In the third step, Delphi technique was used to distinguish and categorize 154 research competencies. As a result of surveys conducted by 10 health and psychologists, 18 research competencies were identified in the second elementary school. Then for each competency, three levels of definition and functional attributes of each level were identified and experts determined the level corresponding to the second elementary level. In the fourth stage, the research competencies identified by six Kuwaiti Kappa coefficients of education and psychology were validated and in the final stage, the structural framework of the research competencies required and commensurate with the second elementary school was drawn up. These competencies, according to their nature, are divided into three categories, including technical and technical competencies (writing research questions, designing research, collecting information, analyzing data, summarizing and concluding, arranging and presenting reports, evaluating research), competence Personal and personality (curiosity, interest and motivation, effort and perseverance, success and failure, self-efficacy, communication and collaboration) and perceptual competence (decision-making, reasoning, prediction, comparison, thinking). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        461 - Identifying the Effective Components on Professional Competence of Schools Managers from the Perspective of Education Experts
        Mehradad Ebrahimpour Moslem Cherabin Ahmad Akbari Ahmad Zendehdel
        Professional competence of schools managers in an inevitable necessity because of its role in the professional development of teachers, improvement teaching and learning process and success of students. The aim of this research was identifying the effective components o More
        Professional competence of schools managers in an inevitable necessity because of its role in the professional development of teachers, improvement teaching and learning process and success of students. The aim of this research was identifying the effective components on professional competence of schools managers from the perspective of education experts. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and was qualitative in terms of implementation. The research community was education experts in 2018-19 academic years which number of 15 people of them were selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation by purposive and snowball sampling methods. In order to collect data was used from semi-constructed interview method and data were analyzed based on the grounded theory approach by open, axial and selective coding methods. The findings showed that effective components on professional competence of schools managers included five main categories and seventeen sub-categories. The main categories include human skills (one category of human indicators), perceptual skills (one category of acquisition of perceptual skills), psychological and mental-moral indicators (two categories of cognitive and mental indicators and ethics), managerial skills (eleven categories of intra-organizational communication management, extra-organizational communication management, leadership of teaching and learning processes, planning, organizational behavior, monitoring on research, financial resources and equipment, employee development, monitoring on intra-organizational changes, evaluation and control and technology specialization and skill) and specialized knowledge (two categories of technical knowledge and public knowledge). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        462 - The effect of core beliefs on academic competence mediated by academic excitement
        mohamadmahdi moghadamnia kianosh hashemian khadije abolmaali
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of basic beliefs on academic competence mediated by academic excitement in Tehran students. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-correlational data collection and also in ter More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of basic beliefs on academic competence mediated by academic excitement in Tehran students. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-correlational data collection and also in terms of quantitative data type. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male high school second-grade students in Tehran in the academic year of 1396. Using multistage cluster random sampling, 449 students were selected as the sample size. Kathleen and Epstein's (1992) Critical Beliefs Questionnaire, Diprena and Eliot's (2000) Academic Competency Questionnaire, and Pekran et al. (2005) Academic Excellence Questionnaire were used to measure the variables studied. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The fit indices showed the desired fit of the model with the collected data. The findings showed that the indirect effect of core beliefs on academic competence and academic excitement was influenced (p &lt;0.01). Thus, basic beliefs with the mediating role of academic emotion can affect students' academic competence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        463 - Identification of talent management attributes in the Customs Organization of Iran (mixed method)
        morad khoshdel mofidi mohamadreza bagherzade asadolah mehrara
        Today, talent management development is one of the most important business elements and one of the key components of maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage in organizations. Therefore, in this leading research, the purpose of this research is to present a compr More
        Today, talent management development is one of the most important business elements and one of the key components of maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage in organizations. Therefore, in this leading research, the purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive model of talent management for Customs Organization. In order to carry out this research, due to the need to extract custom and specialized characteristics of the Customs Organization, a qualitative research data base was also used after categorizing the existing theoretical bases and empirical background. We obtained 139 components by using snowball sampling method and analyzing them, using the Delphi-Fuzzy method for screening by experts. Targeted Approach 20 Experts Selected After 4 Fuzzy Steps, 54 Indicators Remain Adapted to Present Model and Classification of Dr. Mirzaei Ahrangani's Trilogy Pattern, which we presented in four layers by adding another dimension for better understanding. . The model was distributed to more than 400 customs staff at the Customs Administration through simple random sampling, with 367 returned samples evaluated and approved. Through Hierarchical Analysis (AHP) and Expert Chase software as follows: 1. Cognitive / Perceptual (0.467) 2. Structural / Institutional (0.227) 3. Environmental / Situational (0.16) 4. Behavioral / Functional (0.095) rated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        464 - Curriculum Competencies of Bachelor's Degree in Petroleum Engineering with a Fourth Generation University Approach
        Mohammad Nourian Nasrin Eidi jamshid Moghadasi
        10.30495/educ.2022.1948760.2794
        This study is to identify the competencies of the undergraduate course in Petroleum Engineering at the fourth generation university. A qualitative phenomenological method is used. The research population was the professors of Ahvaz Petroleum College in the academic year More
        This study is to identify the competencies of the undergraduate course in Petroleum Engineering at the fourth generation university. A qualitative phenomenological method is used. The research population was the professors of Ahvaz Petroleum College in the academic year 1399-1400.The sample was determined in a purposeful way based on theoretical saturation. The researcher reached information saturation in the fifth person. The data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview. They were coded and analyzed by content analysis method and the competencies of the curriculum of Petroleum Engineering in the form of 4 themes, As a feature of the fourth generation university, including: ability to transfer learning in the workplace, with 4 competencies (application of specialized knowledge in practical situations, skill in using specialized software, to reporting oil projects and in industrial units); Localization with 2 competencies (considering localization processes and the ability to design educational projects), innovation and creativity with 3 competencies (to update specialized knowledge, skills based on job fields and acquire new information in the oil industry) and the internationalization focusing on local and regional conditions with 3 competencies (participate in research-scientific processes, in industrial projects, as well as conversational and specialized English language skills) were identified. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        465 - The explanation and prediction of the student’s school performance on the basis of explanation of the internal motivational factors with structured functional model at high school rural of Sanandaj.
        yahya yarahmadi hasan asadzadeh hasan ahadi shekouh banijamali
        Using self-determination theory, the authors tested a motivational model to explain the conditions under which influenced on the school performance of rural students. The model argues that internal motivational variables underlie school performance and that students&rsq More
        Using self-determination theory, the authors tested a motivational model to explain the conditions under which influenced on the school performance of rural students. The model argues that internal motivational variables underlie school performance and that students&rsquo; motivation can be either supported in the classroom by autonomy-supportive teachers or frustrated by controlling teachers. LISREL analyses of questionnaire data from 365 rural high school students showed that the degree of perceived value of schooling predicted students&rsquo; self-determined motivation and perceived competence. The provision conditions of autonomy support within classrooms predicted perceived competence and students&rsquo; school performance directly Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        466 - The Effect of Integrative Social and Emotional Learning Program on Students' Psycho-social Competencies
        rahim badri eskandar fathi mahmood mirnasab gafoor ehrari
        The aim of this study was to explore the effects of integrative Social and Emotional Learning Program on Students' Psycho-social Competencies. In this study we focused on five accepted competences suggested by CASEL (Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Lea More
        The aim of this study was to explore the effects of integrative Social and Emotional Learning Program on Students' Psycho-social Competencies. In this study we focused on five accepted competences suggested by CASEL (Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning). Methodology: fifth and sixth grade kids at elementary schools in Saghez has been chosen as control (n=62) and experimental (n=92), based on Quasi-Experimental intact groups and whole school approach method. The psycho-social skills have been instructed for 14 sessions (45 minutes). Zhou and Ee's (2012) Social- Emotional Questionnaire was used to probe the results. Results: the data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The intervention showed the significant differences in self-awareness and self- control between the control and experimental groups, but there were no significant differences in social- awareness, social control and responsible decision making. Conclusion: based on these findings, concerning mental disorders and whole child development and wellbeing, students' psychosocial competencies would improve, hopefully. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        467 - Competency-based curriculum in higher education
        حسین Moemeni علی Shariatmadari عزت الله Naderi
        The existing higher education curricula in Iran has been produced by Higher Education Planning Institute, which started in 1363. Its goals include: to provide &lsquo;a uniform higher education educational system&rsquo;, following all principles of curriculum development More
        The existing higher education curricula in Iran has been produced by Higher Education Planning Institute, which started in 1363. Its goals include: to provide &lsquo;a uniform higher education educational system&rsquo;, following all principles of curriculum development and research, to coordinate&nbsp; curricula and educational changes, to train human resources, to establish a link to decision making institution and executive organizations, to update the curricula based on social and economic needs(Comparative and innovative department, 1378, p.89). There exist some challenges facing Higher Education and university curricula. &ldquo;Today, there is mismatch between curricula and job market needs; the curricula cannot help students to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to function properly in the evolving job markets.&rdquo;(Arefy, 1384, p.21) Training people by higher education should be in such a way that provides them with the competencies needed for general and special functioning. This will not happen unless the curricula are designed to develop such competencies in students Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        468 - Issues and demands of the people of Tehran in the petitions of the Nasserite era (1301-1303 AH)
        Maryam Nilghaz sina foroozesh Reza Shaabani Samgh Abadi
        Studying of every period of social structures in Iran has a graet importance.Meanwhile, one of the most affective of research methos is, in general, to have access to documents, so that the realities and truths for every historical period of time are recognized; the pet More
        Studying of every period of social structures in Iran has a graet importance.Meanwhile, one of the most affective of research methos is, in general, to have access to documents, so that the realities and truths for every historical period of time are recognized; the petition documents as a group of historical documents, represent life issues and mutual relations among people. Society and the state, and also every line of them deals with social distinction for researchers.The purpose of this researchers to recognize the social problems of Tehran inhabitants during nearly three years of the reign of Nassar al-Din Shah Qajar, which were refleceted in the examined documents the documents include petitions for Tehran inhabitants from 1301 to 1303 AH. The method for inquiring of this research is to correct a corpus of manuscripts based on codicology, and to write this article on a historical(conductive) method. The style of writing is descriptive_analytical. All data were collected in a desk_study manner. Studing of the documents show that subjects freely with no fear, set forth their demands for the king. Petition data show that varios social groups, in general,enjoyed free speech and freedom of religion with no fear.Maintaining security and justice was missing link in Nassari reign, as usual through Iranian history. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        469 - Historical role of sects and religions in Genesis jurisprudential schools
        ghorban ali esmaile
        Islamic education began learning the learning of Koran. So it is obvious that there must be a strong connection between Islamic education and religious issues. Emergence of different religions and the demise of Mohammad Rasoul-allah (PBUH), followed the religious, polit More
        Islamic education began learning the learning of Koran. So it is obvious that there must be a strong connection between Islamic education and religious issues. Emergence of different religions and the demise of Mohammad Rasoul-allah (PBUH), followed the religious, political and social rivalries using historical methodology. This study is intended to clarify the influence of religious rivalries emergence of different faiths and the efforts of religious celergymen to develop social-political influence in emergence of schools. Study of the sources and refrences shows that religions political and social rivalries have been effective in emergence of the first schools. Celergymen, sometimes, in the form of ideological defense, and sometimes for developing a large-scale hnfluence, spending their properties or mulem's or using political force as well as financial of statemen have established schools. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        470 - Iran'sentryinto theglobal marketand its impact oncraftsinthe secondhalf of theQajar Period. Case Study:Qaenatprovince
        omid spehri rad ali aramjo
        With thewideentering ofIran to theglobal marketin the second halfof Qajars government (1264-1344 A.H), social and economic spheres of the country have been Changed.Craftsas wellastheeconomicfieldthiswas no exception.present article, also review the status of provincial More
        With thewideentering ofIran to theglobal marketin the second halfof Qajars government (1264-1344 A.H), social and economic spheres of the country have been Changed.Craftsas wellastheeconomicfieldthiswas no exception.present article, also review the status of provincial crafts ofQaenat in the second half of Qajar rule and the influence of the large influx of this province on the global market,hasexamined.According to findingsof thisresearch, in thisperiod many of Qaenats crafts, mainly due to lack ofcompetitionwith Westerncheap goods, graduallydestroyed.However, theproduction and trade ofCarpetsdue tothe growinginterest inthe global market, hasconsiderablyincreased.Whilethis industryin terms ofquality,sufferedsignificant damage.Althoughithasreceived little attentioninstudies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        471 - Study on shiism and Sufism places in safavids policy
        Yosef Motavali Haghighi
        Safavids were the first Iran's government (kingdom) who could made anImportand and useful combination between shi ism and safism and setupthir government an it. These two important elements had a determiningrole in different political issues such as, military, economic, More
        Safavids were the first Iran's government (kingdom) who could made anImportand and useful combination between shi ism and safism and setupthir government an it. These two important elements had a determiningrole in different political issues such as, military, economic, religious andin all their government aspects shiism as the most important thought ofsafavids government made wide changes in Iran sociely. Althoughsafavids kings religious behaviors with shiism and the scholars weren&rsquo;tthe same ,like dismiss . of fagraup of Iranian shiit scholars and Invitationof scholars jibah Amel in lebonan JiB ALAMEL scholers tried toset upthe Ideas of shiit government in Iran. But soon they understonded thatthe main point in their invidatian was to firm the polidical life of shi itkings.Though they never stoped trying to gain control over palidical power andthey could gain power during some weals safavid kings.The net wery important element in safavid king power after shi ism wasSufism. Befor safavids use shi ism for their political aims they were sufi.And after that they tried to gain material power through Sufism thoughtsand it got faster whe timur (goorlcani) sat free a group of ttoman(osmanlis) slaves to khoeh ali. Safavid sufies whom absolutely obeyedtheir masters were the most important weapon for safavids in gainingpower. Although some times after safavid dynasty sat up, the ill_use ofsome suflism radical thought caused tensions between safavid kings andsufids. To solve and decrease these ten sions safavid rulers decreasedtheir connections with masters and that in long term causes the weaknessof sufids and consguently caused the weakness of safavids. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        472 - The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Components on Environmental Costs in the Petrochemical Industry
        Mohammadreza Abbasi Astamal Zeynab Heydari
        The present study Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Components on Environmental Costs in the Petrochemical Industry. This research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology, the correlation is of the causal type (after event). The systematic e More
        The present study Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Components on Environmental Costs in the Petrochemical Industry. This research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology, the correlation is of the causal type (after event). The systematic elimination sampling, 11 companies were selected as sample and were investigated in the period of 8 years between 2013 and 2020. The method used to collect information is a library and data are collected for measuring variables from the codal website and corporate financial statements and in Excel, basic calculations have been made then, to test the hypotheses of the software stata was used. The results of the research show that components of corporate social responsibility have an impact on environmental accounting in petrochemical industries. The components of corporate social responsibility have an impact on institutional pressures in petrochemical industries. The components of corporate social responsibility have an impact on green innovation in petrochemical industries. Corporate social responsibility components have an impact on environmental performance in petrochemical industries. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        473 - QSAR, Molecular docking and Molecular dynamics studies simulation of Epigenetic inhibitors
        ghasem ghasemi babak motahary Robabe SayadikordAbadi omid alizadeh
        Development of QSAR and molecular docking is a key to the elucidation of pathomechanisms of epigenetic diseases. Quantitative structure- activity relationship (QSAR), Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out for some modulators of modified ch More
        Development of QSAR and molecular docking is a key to the elucidation of pathomechanisms of epigenetic diseases. Quantitative structure- activity relationship (QSAR), Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out for some modulators of modified chromatin proteins as anticancer agents. The Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), partial least squares (PLS), Principle component regression(PCR), Coralsea,and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were used to achieve the QSAR models. Suitable descriptors were selected which includes features such as atomic mass, Van der waals volume, shape and geometrical structure of compounds. Then, molecular docking studies were performed using Autodock Vina software which had a high throughput accuracy. Based on features such as number of hydrogen bonds, bonding length, binding affinity, and also root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), the best complex were selected. In general, QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation illustrated that compounds 9 and 14 were selected as suitable agents for the design of anticancer drugs. Drug-likeness descriptors of compounds calculated by DruLiTo. In the molecular docking study, the maximum binding affinity of -9 kcal/mol was obtained between each of enzyme systems (PDB: 3MXF) and the geometric-optimized molecules, representing a strong interaction. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        474 - Anti-competitive practices from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence, Iranian law, the United States and the European Union
        javad niknejad majid khalilpourgorgani behnam ghanbarpor
        Whereas, by communicating the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution and emphasizing privatization, it has condemned anti-competitive practices, and on the other hand, from the perspective of domestic law, due to the adoption of Culture of the Islamic Republ More
        Whereas, by communicating the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution and emphasizing privatization, it has condemned anti-competitive practices, and on the other hand, from the perspective of domestic law, due to the adoption of Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the implementation of the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution) and especially its ninth chapter, anti-competitive behaviors and procedures have been identified and that anti-competitive practices are in conflict with certain jurisprudential rules, especially the harmless rule. How to fight against anti-competitive practice from a jurisprudential-legal perspective is necessary. The main question of the present study is that in comparison between anti-competitive practices from the jurisprudential-legal perspective, In American and European law, their competitive evaluation process is based on certain criteria.However, it is possible that these agreements, their specific elements, may be subject to general exemptions and be exempted from the competitive exploration process. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        475 - Effective Factors in the Movement of the Political and Social Environment of Iran (Case of study: Islamic Republic period)
        Alijan Moradi jou
        In this article, the issue of movement in the political and social atmosphere of Iran has been examined and analyzed. This issue is raised because in the last four decades, we are justified by a kind of movement-type participation rather than political competition withi More
        In this article, the issue of movement in the political and social atmosphere of Iran has been examined and analyzed. This issue is raised because in the last four decades, we are justified by a kind of movement-type participation rather than political competition within the framework of a common meaning system and the objective type of political parties. Because when parties play a role in elections and contests, the political atmosphere does not take on a dynamic state and does not create a wave. The results of the research show that the lack of civil and independent institutions from the government, the lack of suitable platforms for the formation of stable parties, the lack of compliance with the principles of civil political competition, and the lack of democratic culture among social forces are effective factors in creating a movement atmosphere in society. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        476 - Future studies of competition and political participation in the Islamic Republic of Iran
        mohammad Agha alikhani Asghar Partovi Mehdi Zakerian
        The concept of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran is institutionalized based on competition and partnerships, and paying attention to the future of these two factors indicates the strength or weakness of the Islamic Republic system. Increasing participation, as More
        The concept of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran is institutionalized based on competition and partnerships, and paying attention to the future of these two factors indicates the strength or weakness of the Islamic Republic system. Increasing participation, as a multidimensional process, affects or is influenced by many components; In such a way that its realization requires teamwork, intellectual-procedural stability of the system's agents, in relation to positive trends and optimal synergy of potential and actual capacities and infrastructures. Therefore, the question of the present article is, what are the future-oriented guidelines for increasing competition and political participation in Iran? The current research is analytical-descriptive with a future research approach, using the scenario method. The findings indicate a scenario development for a favorable future for civil society in relation to political participation; which includes the possible scenario; possible scenario; He pointed out the favorable future scenario. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        477 - Application of the Principles of Competition and Transparency in Supporting the Weak in Government Contracts
        Karim Farhadi Khairullah Parvin Mohammad Hassan Habibi
        The special features of government contracts, such as the annexation of these contracts and the priority of public interests over private interests, create a situation that distorts the principle of equality of the parties and their freedom of will and also weakens the More
        The special features of government contracts, such as the annexation of these contracts and the priority of public interests over private interests, create a situation that distorts the principle of equality of the parties and their freedom of will and also weakens the private party to these contracts. Weaknesses in the private side of the contract are not always in the public interest, and the escalation of this situation can lead to the weakening of the private sector and ultimately damage the public economy of countries. The purpose of this study is to apply the principles of competition and transparency in supporting the weak in government contracts. Research question: What are the principles of competition and transparency in supporting weak parties in government contracts? The result of weak party support in government transactions is to create a balance in the benefits of concluding and implementing these contracts and thus achieving public goals while strengthening and maintaining the interests of the private sector. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        478 - A Comparative Study of US, EU, and Iran Legal Approaches to Anti-Competitive Civil Liability
        majid khalilpourgorgani javad niknejad behnam ghanbarpor
        In a free market economy, competitive rules are determined by the market itself. Competition causes the producer to improve the quality of the product, the consumer to provide it with the most suitable conditions. However, there are vertical and horizontal anti-competit More
        In a free market economy, competitive rules are determined by the market itself. Competition causes the producer to improve the quality of the product, the consumer to provide it with the most suitable conditions. However, there are vertical and horizontal anti-competitive practices that are detrimental to this competition. The main question of the present study is what legal approaches at the level of the United States, the European Union and Iran to civil liability arising from anti-competitive practices? In the United States, there is currently a more legal approach to civil liability arising from vertical agreements. It is horizontally focused, while the European Union has the opposite position. Iran's legal approach can be considered as an intermediate approach according to the jurisprudential rules as well as the prevailing laws such as civil law. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        479 - Study of Sociological Obstacles Political Competition in Islamic Republic of Iran
        mohammad Agha alikhani asghar partovi Mehdi Zakerian
        The Islamic Republic of Iran was formed by holding a referendum based on parameters of democratic systematization and then afterward during all these years by holding different elections with various tastes it has proved that the criterion of sovereignty in the Islamic More
        The Islamic Republic of Iran was formed by holding a referendum based on parameters of democratic systematization and then afterward during all these years by holding different elections with various tastes it has proved that the criterion of sovereignty in the Islamic Republic of Iran is people&rsquo;s vote. The researcher&rsquo;s purpose is to study this topic which includes different aspects of the election. The best term in this field was a political competition that has shown itself in all recent elections, but it hasn&rsquo;t been able to find its certain legal place among the laws. The main question is based on what the most important sociological obstacles of political competitions are in Iran. This is a descriptive-analytical study, and its results showed that in addition to structural obstacles, sociological features such as historical features, lack of political culture, lack of political competition, and lack of partisanship are among the most significant characteristics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        480 - Does the Latest English Language Teacher Education Curriculum Develop Student Teachers’ Professional Competencies?
        Mohammad Ranjbari Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Akbar Afghari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        481 - Soccer Goalkeeper Task Modeling and Analysis by Petri Nets
        Azadeh Gholami Bahram Sadeghi Bigham
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        482 - Proposing Strategies to Obtain Customer Satisfaction in the Interaction Between Customer Performance and production Performance as a Competitive Advantage,a TQM Approach
        Afsaneh Rahimi AliReza Irajpour
        Proposing Strategies to Obtain Customer Satisfaction in the Interaction Between Customer Performance and production Performance as a Competitive Advantage,a TQM Approach
        Proposing Strategies to Obtain Customer Satisfaction in the Interaction Between Customer Performance and production Performance as a Competitive Advantage,a TQM Approach Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        483 - Investigate the relationship between organizational learning culture and organizational performance with the mediating role of dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage
        MohammadRahim Ramezanian Aseye Safardost
        Culture makes organizational learning to use the knowledge and experience best for creating and achieving desired goals. The organizations that benefit from sustainable learning culture and act the form of organizational learning to create the ability to build dynamic c More
        Culture makes organizational learning to use the knowledge and experience best for creating and achieving desired goals. The organizations that benefit from sustainable learning culture and act the form of organizational learning to create the ability to build dynamic capability, they speak learning as an important source. In today's competitive environment, businesses are working together to improve organizational performance by creating sustainable competitive advantage through their growth and adapt to the new changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between organizational learning culture and organizational performance with respect to the mediating roles of dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage in the banks of Guilan. The statistical population included all executives, assistants and senior of Guilan banks equals to 320 and based on random sampling method 175 of them have been studied as a sample.The collection method is a library and field study and the research tool is a questionnaire derived from the literature of the subject. The findings of the Structural Equation Modeling Model show with the LISREL software show that there is a significant correlation between all variables and dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage play a role of mediator in the relationship between organizational learning culture and organizational performance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        484 - Identifying and prioritizing the dimensions and components of entrepreneurial competence of investment applicants in Iran's free zones
        Saeid Rahmani Morteza Mosa khani Davod Samari
        SummaryThe purposes of creating and developing free zones are increasing and developing exports, creating jobs, attracting domestic and foreign investment and technology transfer, increasing public revenues, increasing tourism, promoting the country's economic position More
        SummaryThe purposes of creating and developing free zones are increasing and developing exports, creating jobs, attracting domestic and foreign investment and technology transfer, increasing public revenues, increasing tourism, promoting the country's economic position and taking the advantages from a competitive economy. The main purpose of the current study is to identify and prioritize entrepreneurial competencies for starting business and work in the free zones of Iran. In this research, the descriptive method is applied based on the practical purposes and data is collected using survey. The statistical population is the managers of economic entities and entrepreneurs in free zones. A pairwise comparison questionnaire based on the identified criteria and sub-criteria was designed by the opinion of professors and experts in the field and then it was filled by the senior managers who are working in this realm. This research identified 20 sub-criteria related to three main factors including entrepreneurial competence, managerial competence and task competence derived from theoretical foundations and the literature. The results demonstrate that entrepreneurial competence is the most important factor with the highest weight among other main factors. Also, the entrepreneurial skills, market knowledge, and self-management have been determined as the most important sub-criteria respectively with the highest weight among other identified sub-criteria Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        485 - Surveying the Relationship between Strategic Thinking and Workplace Harassment
        Narges Mohebahari Payam Makvandi
        The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between strategic thinking and workplace harassment in Shahid Tondgooyan Petrochemical Company through structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research included 141 managers of Shahid To More
        The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between strategic thinking and workplace harassment in Shahid Tondgooyan Petrochemical Company through structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research included 141 managers of Shahid Tondgooyan petrochemical company, from whom 103 persons were selected through Cochran Formula. The sample of this research responded two standard questionnaires. Strategic thinking and its elements (based on Pisapia's model) are considered as independent variables and Workplace harassment and its elements (based on Leyman's model) are considered as dependent variables. Findings indicated that the relationship between strategic thinking and workplace harassment was negative and significant. Moreover, the analysis results revealed that: the element of systems thinking has effect on behavior threatening physical health and occupational situation; the relationship between reflecting and behavior threatening social contacts and physical health is significant; also, reframing has effect on behavior threatening communication, social contacts, personal reputation, and occupational situation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        486 - Structural explain the relationship professional competency and quality of work life research experts
        sajad gharloghi Javad Pourkarimi maryam rafiee
        The aim of the present research was to determine the professional competency effect on the quality of work life. Research methods were made by descriptive- correlation and statistical population consists of all research experts of the Tehran University (N=281). For dete More
        The aim of the present research was to determine the professional competency effect on the quality of work life. Research methods were made by descriptive- correlation and statistical population consists of all research experts of the Tehran University (N=281). For determining The sample sizes was used from Cochran formula and 162 persons was selected by using of simple random sampling method as sample. For collect the data of the professional competency research-made questionnaire, with reliability (&alpha;=0.94) and Walton&rsquo;s quality of work life with reliability (&alpha;=0.85) were used that their face validity was confirmed by using experts also . To analyze the data from Kolmogorov-Smirnovtest, one sample t-test, Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling was used. The results of one sample t-test showed that the professional competency of the research experts was upper and the quality of work life of they lower of the Expected average. The results of correlation coefficient showed that was a statistical significant as well as positive relation between professional competency and quality of work life (r=0.49, P=0.01) And Based on the results of structural equation modeling the impact of professional competency on quality of work life(&gamma;=0.36) was confirmed Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        487 - Designing a competency model for educational and training leaders of rural and nomadic schools in the primary school of the Ministry of Education
        noormohammad soltani mohammadreza rabiee mandejin mohammad hakak Mina Jamshidi avanaki
        The purpose of conducting the research is to design a competency model for rural school leaders appropriate to the real situation of education, which was done by a mixed method. This qualitative research is based on data foundation theory and using a purposeful approach More
        The purpose of conducting the research is to design a competency model for rural school leaders appropriate to the real situation of education, which was done by a mixed method. This qualitative research is based on data foundation theory and using a purposeful approach and applying theoretical saturation criteria, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 21 experts. In open coding, a total of 684 open or primary codes were extracted from the total number of interviews conducted with experts in this field. From the total of open source, 112 basic concepts were extracted. In the next step, the basic concepts were classified into 22 coherent categories according to the aspects of similarity and semantic differentiation: causal conditions (institutionalizing the semantic position of leadership, correct understanding in recognizing the nature of leadership possibilities , Strengthening the contextual / thematic knowledge of leaders, Utilitarian selection of leaders), Phenomenon (content knowledge, leadership skills, leadership abilities, individual-personality competencies), Intervention conditions (continuous evaluation / performance of leaders, Weakness of sharing) ...), contextual conditions (specific policy in the field of educational leadership, leader as a leader - not an inspector), strategies (capacity building and participatory needs assessment, development - self-directed plans ...), consequences (leader as a facilitator, adjustment Teacher / school relations, justice and educational empowerment ...) have been analyzed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        488 - Comparison of the knowledge workers professional competencies in the separation of knowledge-based organizations duties
        Hajar Abedini Farajollah Rahnavard Aliakbar Gahremani
        In the world full of changes, having competent human resources and awareness of their competencies can guarantee the long-term organizations success. Knowledge-based organizations need knowledge workers with special professional competencies. The aim of this study was t More
        In the world full of changes, having competent human resources and awareness of their competencies can guarantee the long-term organizations success. Knowledge-based organizations need knowledge workers with special professional competencies. The aim of this study was to comparison of the knowledge workers professional competencies in separation of knowledge-based organizations duties, which in terms of purpose, is applied and in terms of data type, is quantitative. The nature of research, is descriptive and has been done by using survey technique. The statistical population of study was the 328 knowledge workers of the knowledge-based organizations of selected provinces (Tehran, Qazvin, Qom and Alborz), and 177 people were determined by using Morgan table with simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity was evaluated by CVR index and reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics and emphasized one-way ANOVA and post hoc test. The results show that the organizational knowledge updating, professional knowledge acquisition, social, managerial, negotiation and marketing skills, intellectual and modeling ability, business counseling, research spirit and entrepreneurship spirit are the most important competencies of knowledge workers. The organizational knowledge updating for each knowledge-based organizations duties has a significant difference. Also, to provide entrepreneurship consultants and providing innovative goods, having marketing skills, entrepreneurship spirit and research spirit are great importance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        489 - Presenting the competency model of cultural managers of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance using the grounded theory
        Mohammad Rostami Morteza Hazrati Naser Hamidi samad jabari asl
        The role of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance as the main institution responsible for cultural issues has increased the importance of employing competent cultural managers in this organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the competency More
        The role of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance as the main institution responsible for cultural issues has increased the importance of employing competent cultural managers in this organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the competency model of cultural managers of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance using qualitative research method and systematic grounded theory. According to the applied objectives of the research, The statistical population includes the directors of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, and in particular the general directors and cultural deputies of the provinces, the heads of the Department of Culture and Islamic Guidance and the cultural directors of its affiliated groups with at least 5 years of experience in related positions. They have a degree in culture and a master's degree or higher of management. The selection of these samples was done using purposive sampling method and semi-structured interviews with 7 general questions were continued until the realization of saturation in interview 11. Data analysis in three stages of open, axial and selective coding led to the extraction of 98 concepts, 19 sub-categories and finally 7 main categories from the integration and classification of concepts. Based on the proposed model, the general and specialized competence as a core category; individual motivators as causal conditions; The organizational contexts as a context conditions; cultural change as interferer conditions; competent-oriented strategies are considered as a strategy and finally Cultural transformation and development as a result of the implementation of strategies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        490 - The effect of quality management on competitive performance insurance company's )
        seeid mahdi alvani Reza Ehtesham rasi Nahid Teimouri
        In this study, the effects of quality management on competitiveness in insurance companies (Case Study: Iran and Alborz insurance companies in Zanjan province) were discussed. The population of this study for investigate the effects of quality management on competitiven More
        In this study, the effects of quality management on competitiveness in insurance companies (Case Study: Iran and Alborz insurance companies in Zanjan province) were discussed. The population of this study for investigate the effects of quality management on competitiveness consists of all personnel of insurance companies and insurance agents across the country in the province of Zanjan. Due to limited statistical community, the whole community is considered as a sample, so the sample size of 80 people has been set. This research method is applicable in purpose, surveying in data collection. The research is correlational in nature. The data collection tool was a standardized questionnaire. For inferential analysis, structural equation modeling was used. The results showed: education, the suggestions, feedback, customer focus, employee management, quality management and supply management has a significant positive impact on competitive performance in the insurance industry.Keywords: education, the suggestions, feedb customer focus, employee management, quality management, supply management and competitive performance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        491 - The role of green supply chain management on innovation performance and firm competitiveness
        mina akhbariazad zahra bahrami
        This research has been done to investigate the role of green supply chain management on innovation performance and competitiveness of the company in the dairy industry of Sham Sham. A standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables of the research. For the Gree More
        This research has been done to investigate the role of green supply chain management on innovation performance and competitiveness of the company in the dairy industry of Sham Sham. A standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables of the research. For the Green Supply Chain Management variable, the standard questionnaire Yang et al. (2013) was used, for the innovation performance variable using the standard Donati and Pablo (2015) questionnaire and for the Competitiveness variable of the standard questionnaire of Quranflah et al. (2014).The research questionnaire was distributed among 90 members of the statistical community that were all managers and experts of the dairy industry of Shiraz, sham sham.The research method was descriptive correlational. In order to answer the questions and to investigate the research hypothesis with Smart-PLS software, structural equation analysis and path analysis using partial least squares (PLS) were used.The results show that green domestic measures have a positive and significant effect on external green cooperation, innovation performance and competitive ability of the company. The results also confirm the positive and significant impact of external green cooperation on the innovation performance and competitiveness of the company. The results also show that innovation performance has a positive and significant impact on company competitiveness.The results also confirm the mediating role of innovation performance on the impact of domestic green action and external green cooperation on the competitiveness of the company. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        492 - Scenario analysis of factors affecting the attraction and special use of generation z employees in Bushehr petrochemical industry
        Dariush Dehghan rasool aghadavood Mohammad reza Dalvi Esfahan
        10.22094/jdem.2023.705868
        The current research is a descriptive-analytical type of research and is practical in terms of its purpose. The statistical population of the research included 12 specialists and experts in the petrochemical industry, who were selected based on the homogeneous sampling More
        The current research is a descriptive-analytical type of research and is practical in terms of its purpose. The statistical population of the research included 12 specialists and experts in the petrochemical industry, who were selected based on the homogeneous sampling method as one of the qualitative sampling methods. . In this study, 22 indicators were confirmed through the method of identification theme analysis and the fuzzy Delphi method, and the indicators were finally examined using the method of structural-interpretive equations and scenario analysis. The results of the research identified 6 important levels in identifying effective factors in attracting and hiring generation Z employees. In the first level, 5 indicators (merit selection index, organizational selection system improvement index, organizational attractiveness index, highlighting goals and values index, index of creating an environment of accountability and acceptance of transformational managers) were determined and finally variables of needs assessment and public information, attractive Making a job for generation z, measuring the capacity and efficiency of a person when hiring, measuring people's computer skills,, applying for a job online and building a personal brand were identified as the most fundamental elements of the model. And 21 sub-indicators were identified, which are the scenarios of measuring the capacity and efficiency of a person when hiring, applying for a job online and building a personal brand, giving benefits according to the scientific and skill capabilities of the job, planning the design of attractive jobs based on the science and capabilities of the next generation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        493 - Explaining the effective factors on Strategic customer - oriented human resource management and the managers' competencies in Iran's banking system .
        Tahereh Marzdashti nasrin jazani Javad Mehrabi
        10.22094/jdem.2023.705869
        There are different approaches to strategic human resource management. One of the latest approaches for businesses in today&rsquo;s competitive era , is customer orientation alongside raising the competencies of managers. However , human resource management with custome More
        There are different approaches to strategic human resource management. One of the latest approaches for businesses in today&rsquo;s competitive era , is customer orientation alongside raising the competencies of managers. However , human resource management with customer-oriented approach and raising manager&rsquo;s competencies has not been given much attention to . Therefore this study has taken place with the goal of designing a strategic customer-oriented human resource model and also raising managers&rsquo; competencies in Iran&rsquo;s banking system. This is an applied research regarding its goal and its using a mixed method which has an exploratory approach. The community of the qualitative sector is university professors in the field of human resource management as well as experts in the state banking system in Keshavarzi Bank and the statistical population .To collect data, the method of library review and interviews with experts and finally distribution of questionnaires has been used .The analysis of findings in the qualitative stage was performed with the thematic analysis approach and Nvivo 12 software, and the results showed that there are 250 sub-themes in 7 main-themes and in the quantitative stage, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with LISREL software was performed. The results showed that five main factors including customer-oriented human resource functions and relationship,customer-oriented organizational culture , external factors , customer-oriented strategic resource and customer-oriented human resource results , characteristic individual and interpersonal components are effective in designing a customer-oriented strategic human resource model and raising managers&rsquo; competencies . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        494 - Agile marketing Systemability Statistic Model
        Mahdi Abedini Samad Aali Morteza Honarmand Azimi Mojtaba Maleki
        The purpose of this research was to design the concept of corporate systematization in the implementation and implementation of agile marketing skills in small and medium-sized companies in order to capture emerging commercial markets. This research has a fundamental an More
        The purpose of this research was to design the concept of corporate systematization in the implementation and implementation of agile marketing skills in small and medium-sized companies in order to capture emerging commercial markets. This research has a fundamental and mixed approach. Qualitative findings have been analyzed with thematic analysis process and quantitative findings with confirmatory factor analysis. Qualitative data collection was done with field observations and 17 semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data was also collected with a questionnaire. The statistical population of the quantitative part included those small and medium-sized industrial enterprises active in East Azarbaijan province, which until the time of data collection for the present research, have implemented and implemented agile marketing approaches at different levels or are in the transition phase from Traditional approaches and transition to new marketing technologies, especially agile marketing. Sampling was carried out non-randomly and by chain method in the number of 258 companies. Finally, the agile marketing systematization model was extracted from the theme analysis of 1221 open codes without repetition, which are divided into 51 basic themes, 13 organizing themes and 2 overarching themes. In the following, the mentioned model was subjected to statistical test and validation with the confirmatory factor analysis approach. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        495 - Designing a model of basic and technological competencies of IT managers
        Masoud Saeidpanah Seyed Mehdi Alvani Seid zabiholah Hashemi
        The present study seeks to design a model for the competencies of Mellat Bank's IT managers as one of the most important economic hub and critical infrastructure of the country, so as to overcome the problems of previous models and provide a suitable framework for selec More
        The present study seeks to design a model for the competencies of Mellat Bank's IT managers as one of the most important economic hub and critical infrastructure of the country, so as to overcome the problems of previous models and provide a suitable framework for selection and appointment. Manage the IT department of the bank. Therefore, this study attempts to address the challenges of "one-dimensional look at competencies", "incompatibility of previous models".&nbsp;This research is based on the nature and method of descriptive type and based on purpose of applied type. From the typological point of view, research is in the field of qualitative research and in the deductive deductive paradigm. Data gathering tool is semi-structured interview. The qualitative data obtained from the interviews were coded using theme analysis and the most important qualifications were extracted, categorized and approved by the experts. The key dimensions of the identified competencies are: the dimension of fundamental competence, the dimension of technological competence. The research results show that the most important competencies layers of IT managers in the area of ​​fundamental competencies include individual competencies layer and educational competencies layer and in technological competencies dimension include general competencies layer and professional competencies layer of Information technology managers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        496 - The Effect of Knowledge Management Practices on Employees' Psychological Empowerment
        Aliakbar Ahmadi Alireza Malek Aorzaman Mehdi Shykhlar
        Organizers are well aware that if they want to be proactive in the economy and labor market and do not miss competition, they should have creative, professional, highly motivated manpower, and a useful technique for achieving this goal is through by use of employee empo More
        Organizers are well aware that if they want to be proactive in the economy and labor market and do not miss competition, they should have creative, professional, highly motivated manpower, and a useful technique for achieving this goal is through by use of employee empowerment that is influenced by several factors, one of which factor is knowledge management.The present study considers how and what extent the improvement of knowledge management capacity cans effect on promotion of psychological empowerment in the organization. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Statistical society include 340 regional experts of the Islamic culture and relations organization that 180 person were selected by random sampling method. After distribution of questionnaires, the data were analyzed by software PLS and SPSS. The research results indicated that knowledge management has a positive and significant impact on psychological empowerment. In this regard some proposal to upgrade the existing situation is presented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        497 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of Organizational Strategic Change of the National Iranian Drilling Company to Enhance Competitive
        Mohammad Reza Hamidi Zadeh Jahangir Asodeh
        This research mainly aims to evaluate the effectiveness of organizational strategic change of the National Iranian Drilling Company to enhance competitive advantage. Thus, it is expected to upgrade the entrepreneurial capability. Sample size is 210 of the company's pers More
        This research mainly aims to evaluate the effectiveness of organizational strategic change of the National Iranian Drilling Company to enhance competitive advantage. Thus, it is expected to upgrade the entrepreneurial capability. Sample size is 210 of the company's personals. Based on research objective, it is applied one, and descriptive research in terms of data gathering, and a casual research in terms of the relationship between the research variables. To gathering data, the questionnaire used. By using SPSS .22 and LISREL.8.5 version, the statistical analysis addressed. The result showed that strategic change (content of strategy, changes in the relationships of organization with the external environment and organizational structure) has a significant positive effect on the competitive advantage (entrepreneur's capability' technical capability, organizational capability, strategic capability), and the strategic change and competitive advantage is not in a favorable situation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        498 - Designing the Management Competency Model with Emphasis on the Postmodern Change Management
        Mastaneh Ghonji Mohammad Chizari Hassan Sedighi Ali Rabiee
        This study was performed with aim of the management competency model with emphasis on postmodern change management (case study:&nbsp; ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare).20 managers of the Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare were selected ba More
        This study was performed with aim of the management competency model with emphasis on postmodern change management (case study:&nbsp; ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare).20 managers of the Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare were selected based on the purposeful sampling with maximum difference. Semi-structured interview was done and the questionnaire of&nbsp;&nbsp; postmodern change management was conducted. Articles and books related to the management in postmodern organizations, national websites of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare and job description of managers in the ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Welfare Social were studied. Management-Organizational competencies, Work place Competencies, Social Competencies and Personal Effectiveness Competencies were defined base on content analysis method.&nbsp; Postmodern Managerial competencies were divided to 20 axis competencies and 81 secondary competencies were divided. Validity and reliability of the model was confirmed at the end of research. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        499 - The Effects of Organizational Innovations and Competitive Cost Leadership Strategy Performance though Competitive Advantages
        Mehdi Mortazavi Mehsi Rasoli Ghahrodi Arezo Rostami
        The main objective of the organization, improve performance and achieve a level of excellence and sustainability for the survival, growth and profitability and respond to the needs of society. This study examines the impact of organizational innovation and cost leadersh More
        The main objective of the organization, improve performance and achieve a level of excellence and sustainability for the survival, growth and profitability and respond to the needs of society. This study examines the impact of organizational innovation and cost leadership organizational performance through pays competitive advantage. In this study three aspects: product innovation, process and performance. The dependent variable dimensions, including financial, customer, internal processes, growth and learning. The purpose of applied research and the nature and method of research is descriptive and quantitative data. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was performed using the software lisrl. The questionnaire consists of 54 questions drawn from Latin literature among producers is tested and simple random sampling was used to select the sample. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability and validity by experts and conducted by AVE. 320 questionnaires have been distributed among the population.The findings show that innovation does not directly have a positive impact on performance through the impact of competitive advantage. Cost leadership, both directly and through a positive impact competitive advantage. Organizational innovation and cost leadership of through competitive advantage significant and positive impact on organizational performance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        500 - Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Resilience Components with Business Continuity and success in banking
        Sallar Khosavi Amir Najafi Mohammad Reza Marjani Nabiollah Mohammadi
        One of the most important ways to succeed and sustain business is to build sustainability in banks in order to face environmental changes and threats. In management science, achieving such a goal is in the form of a concept called organizational resilience. The main obj More
        One of the most important ways to succeed and sustain business is to build sustainability in banks in order to face environmental changes and threats. In management science, achieving such a goal is in the form of a concept called organizational resilience. The main objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between the organizational resilience components in the future bank with the success and sustainability of the business. In this research, an organizational resilience questionnaire based on the McManus model was used. After analyzing the data, using regression models fitted, it was concluded that resilience has a significant effect on the success and continuity of business in the future bank. Also, this The research, through the findings of previous observations and experiences, has proposed a model and hypothesis about the components that have affected the resilience. Using survey methods to investigate factors by analyzing the responses to the questions, the variables that affect the resilience were identified in 5 categories. After accurate and close observation of the parameters studied in the future bank and the collection of data from the bank's experts and the meaning of what was collected, it was found that the components of organizational strategies, banking concentration, competitive advantage, bank deposits and key products and services affect the continuity of the business. Then, using the research variables and analytical methods, the causal relationship between the variables was presented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        501 - The impact of human resource strategies to gain competitive advantage with the mediating role of organizational agility
        Ghanbar Amirnejad Zhale Azhdari
        One of the most important factors that lead to access competitive advantage is organizational agility. Capability and flexibility of human resources plays an important role in the organizational success, in agile organizations that experiences Continuous environmental c More
        One of the most important factors that lead to access competitive advantage is organizational agility. Capability and flexibility of human resources plays an important role in the organizational success, in agile organizations that experiences Continuous environmental changes. Human resource strategy with determination, implementation of plans and programs, develop Human Resource competence for responding the future needs of internal and external environment and access the organizational success. Hence, the aim of this research is develop a model to gain competitive advantage as well to create organizational agility capabilities as a tool to cope with continuous and unpredictable changes with a special emphasis on the human resources. In fact, our suggest is to use effective human resource strategies for training and creating agile human resources to access desired organizational results. This study is a Applied-descriptive research and been done in Islamic Azad University of Shoushtar. The study population is consisting of 200 masters and 40 managers that were selected 132 masters and 36 managers as sample with using stratified sampling method. In order to the hypothesis test, we used structural equation modeling. Data from the questionnaires got analyze with SPSS and LISREL statistical software. The results showed human resources strategy has a significant positive impact on the competitive advantages with the mediation of organizational agility. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        502 - Developing a Competency Model of Managers in the Banking System
        Vajiheh Hoshyar Fariburz Rahim nia
        The aim of this research is to explore and develop a competency model of managers in the banking system and validating the model. To this end, 3 questions were considered: 1-What are the elements of competency model in the banking system? 2- What are the components of c More
        The aim of this research is to explore and develop a competency model of managers in the banking system and validating the model. To this end, 3 questions were considered: 1-What are the elements of competency model in the banking system? 2- What are the components of competency model in the banking system? 3-Is the model reliable? Mixed method was used in this research. Initially, qualitative method was used, followed by quantitative method. In the qualitative section, we interviewed 12 excellence managers and then content analysis method was used. So, we derived the primary competency model of managers based on elements and components. In the quantitative section, we distributed questionnaires among 136 managers. For analysis, we use Amos software and factor analysis method. Results show that with the exception of &ldquo;experience", all elements and components of competency model were confirmed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        503 - Examining the Relationship between Managers’ Competencies and Management Effectiveness: The Case of Communication Company of Qazvin
        Atefeh Yeganegi
        This research is an attempt to investigate the effect of managers' competencies on the efficiency of management in Communication Company of Qazvin province based on the model combining the models presented by Boyatzis & Shroder (1982) and Luthans (1988). The study aims More
        This research is an attempt to investigate the effect of managers' competencies on the efficiency of management in Communication Company of Qazvin province based on the model combining the models presented by Boyatzis & Shroder (1982) and Luthans (1988). The study aims to identify the possible relationship between managers' competencies and management effectiveness. Managers' competencies have been investigated according to two aspects: personal aspect, referring to their occupational knowledge and skills, personal characteristics, and attitudes, and social aspect referring to their occupational credit and their credit in the eyes of the public. Effectiveness has been assessed using Luthans’ model based on job satisfaction and personnel's commitment. This study sought answer to the question: Is there any effect of managers' competencies on management effectiveness? The population comprised of all personnel of the communication company of Qazvin province including 267 employees. A stratified sampling method was adopted and 60 employees were selected as the sample of this research. The findings revealed a significant correlation between managers' social and personal competencies and management effectiveness. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between the variables of managers' competency in both personal and social aspects and their effectiveness. Personal characteristics and attitudes of managers did not prove to have a significant correlation with effectiveness. The priorities of the effect of each sub variable are illustrated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        504 - The Assessment of Intrapreneurship in Machine carpet Industry Case Study: Zomorrod Kashan and Abrisham Shomal Companies
        Mohammadreza MoharrKochebaqi Shahram Mirzaiidaryani
        The objective of this research is to assess the Intrapreneurship in the Machine carpet Industry in Zomorrod Kashan and Abrisham Shomal Companies which the population of the study includes the experts of both companies. The survey is conducted using intrapreneurship ques More
        The objective of this research is to assess the Intrapreneurship in the Machine carpet Industry in Zomorrod Kashan and Abrisham Shomal Companies which the population of the study includes the experts of both companies. The survey is conducted using intrapreneurship questionnaire consisting 57 questions on personal and organizational factors. Contents validity of the questionnaire is confirmed by the university professors and professionals. Also, the reliability of all components and the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach&rsquo;s Alpha coefficient. To analyze the data, after checking the normal distribution of variables using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, skewness and kurtosis, the condition of personal factors and organizational factors in both companies are analyzed separately using one-sample t-test and finally, the differences between the conditions of the intrapreneurship factors is discussed in both companies using independent sample t-test. According to the results of inferential statistics, in both companies characteristic component is lower than average and considered as an obstacle to the intrapreneurship in both companies. Among organizational factors, in both companies, all components are above average and none of the components were identified as an obstacle to the intrapreneurship. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        505 - The Relation of Competitive Intelligence and Strategic Marketing Relationship with Karafarin Bank Customers’ Loyalty
        Bahman Ghiaszadeh Saeed Safarian Hamedani Fatemeh Taheri Fatemeh Taheri
        This study examines the relationship between competitive intelligence and strategic relationship marketing with Karafarin Bank customers&rsquo; loyalty. The study method in the terms of functional goals and descriptive nature is based on correlational study methods. The More
        This study examines the relationship between competitive intelligence and strategic relationship marketing with Karafarin Bank customers&rsquo; loyalty. The study method in the terms of functional goals and descriptive nature is based on correlational study methods. The statical population of recent study is consisted of all customers who use the services of Karafarin Bank in Tehran. The sample size was 384 using the formula of unlimited population Based on random cluster sampling method. The data were collected by questionnaires based on desk and field research methods. The questionnaires&rsquo; Content validity were approved by the thesis and consulting advisors and to determine the reliability, Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha was resulted 0.94 for competitive intelligence ,0.95 for strategic relationship marketing and 0.94 for loyalty. Research data were analyzed with the help of Lisrel software and were evaluated with descriptive, inferential and statistical tests. The study&rsquo;s results show that the competitive intelligence components including knowledge of market situation, competition and social awareness have a direct and considerable relation with customers&rsquo; loyalty while there is not such a relation for technical and tactical components. In addition, the results show a direct relation between being unique, changing brand&rsquo;s cost, satisfaction, trust, visual communication and feeling pleasure which are all strategic relationship marketing components with customers&rsquo; loyalty while emotional satisfaction and privileges are not like that. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        506 - Investigation the Effect of Asset Quality on the Relationship between Reporting Transparency and Competitiveness
        Alireza Heidarzadeh Hanzaei Zahra KazemYosefkhani Esmaeil Ghafari
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of reporting transparency in competitiveness of banks listed in Tehran stock and exchange. This study was a descriptive-correlation and an applied research. To measure the competitiveness of the Lerner index and the Bank's More
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of reporting transparency in competitiveness of banks listed in Tehran stock and exchange. This study was a descriptive-correlation and an applied research. To measure the competitiveness of the Lerner index and the Bank's Bank Index, and to measure the transparency of financial reporting, four indicators of full disclosure of balance sheet information, disclosure of risk management plans, disclosure of the board's debts and disclosure of audit requirements have been used. The statistical population of research consists of all banks listed in Tehran Securities Exchange market during 2009/March/21 to 2015/March/20 that a number of 11 banks were active in this period. Data of research was extracted from financial reports of banks and analyzed by regression models in panel data method. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship among reporting transparency and asset quality with the competitiveness. Also the findings indicated that the assets quality is effective on the relationship between reporting transparency and banks competitiveness. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        507 - Identification of Organizational Culture with the Framework of Competitive Value Framework in Organizations
        Gholamreza Kashani Masood Asadi Taheri
        Objective: To identify the current status of organizational culture and organization's desirable culture in order to determine the organization's readiness for changeMethod: Quinn competitive values model was used to achieve the above goal. A questionnaire was sent to 1 More
        Objective: To identify the current status of organizational culture and organization's desirable culture in order to determine the organization's readiness for changeMethod: Quinn competitive values model was used to achieve the above goal. A questionnaire was sent to 110 people from the research community in the Hamshahri newspaper ad. Cronbach's alpha was used to investigate the reliability of the research tool. To assess the validity of the model, the multidimensional scaling method was used which is the research innovation. In the next step, while extracting the existing and desired organizational culture profiles using sample pair tests, Spearman correlation coefficient and Friedman test, the existing status of the organization's culture was described.Findings: The results show that the dominant culture of organization in the first priority of hierarchy and in the second priority is to focus on the values of market culture, and the values of the adhoc-culture based on innovation and entrepreneurship are less visible in it and with the desired culture from the perspective of the answer The difference is that the culture of the organization showed the most solidarity with hierarchical culture.Conclusion: it is expected that most values such as innovation in creativity, risk taking and the acquisition of new resources and, on the other hand, the reduction of cultural values Hierarchy in the organization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        508 - The relationship between product market competition, earnings management and earnings persistence
        leila Masroor Akbar Mirzapourbabajan
        The main aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between competition in product market, earnings management and earnings sustainability in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population of the present study is consisted of companies li More
        The main aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between competition in product market, earnings management and earnings sustainability in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population of the present study is consisted of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the time frame of 2008 to 2014 and sample volume is taken equal to 114 companies by using screening method. In this study, competition in product market was taken as independent variable in order to study its effect on earnings management and earnings sustainability in examined companies. the present study is an applied study in terms of goal of study and in terms of method of study is a descriptive &ndash; correlation study. On the other hand, the present study is an ex post facto study (semi-empirical), which means, it is conducted on the basis of past and historical data analysis (financial statements of companies). In addition, this study is based on panel data analysis as well. In this study, in which panel data was used, results obtained from firms data analysis by using multiple-variable regression at 95% confidence indicated that there is a direct and reverse significant relationship between competition in product market with earnings management and earning sustainability, respectively Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        509 - Survey on Alignment of Competitive Intelligence and Personnel’s Performance in Human Resources Development Planning
        Ahmad Ali Yazdanpanah Nasim Piralaie
        &nbsp; The Aim of this research is survey the alignment of competitive intelligence and personnel&rsquo;s performance in the pharmaceutical industry in Iran. Because of extensive population, determining the required sample size, would be difficult. Therefore, by the ass More
        &nbsp; The Aim of this research is survey the alignment of competitive intelligence and personnel&rsquo;s performance in the pharmaceutical industry in Iran. Because of extensive population, determining the required sample size, would be difficult. Therefore, by the assumption of indefinite population, Morgan sampling methods were used. 108 people were selected as statistical sample in KISH tropical pharmaceutical company. In this study, it has been used of descriptive survey method. To gather competitive intelligence information, a questionnaire was pontificated based on the literature review Elements and then, the validity and reliability were measured. The reliability of study was over %70. In this survey, descriptive statistic was used for classification and interpretation of data and to testing the assumptions, it used of Pearson Correlation Test. The results of statistical analysis show the relevance intensity between competitive intelligence and its dimensions and personnel&rsquo;s performances. This result affect on the strategy as moderator variable in the research. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        510 - A Continuous Review inventory Control Model within Batch Arrival Queuing Framework: A Parameter-Tuned Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
        Mohammad Alaghebandha Seyed Hamid Reza Pasandideh Vahid Hajipour
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        511 - The project portfolio selection and scheduling problem: mathematical model and algorithms
        Bahman Naderi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        512 - Centralized Supply Chain Network Ddesign: Monopoly, Duopoly, and Ooligopoly Competitions under Uncertainty
        kaveh Fahimi Seyed Mohammad Seyed Hosseini Ahmad Makui
        10.22094/joie.2017.685.1439
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        513 - Three Approaches to Time Series Forecasting of Petroleum Demand in OECD Countries
        Majid Khedmati Babak Ghalebsaz-Jeddi
        10.22094/joie.2018.538229
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        514 - Enhancing Basic Metal Industry Global Competitiveness Through Total Quality Management, Supply Chain Management & Just- In -Time
        Alie Wube Dametew Daniel Kitaw Frank Ebinger
        10.22094/joie.2019.741.1472
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        515 - The Influence of Globalization Processes on Forecasting the Activities of Market Entities
        Nazariy Popadynets Olga Vyshnevska Inna Irtyshcheva Iryna Kramarenko Maryna Ponomarova
        10.22094/joie.2021.1945341.1909
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        516 - Land Administrator Personal Competency Model Using Exploratory Factor Analysis
        Azmi Rohani Robiah Suratman Durrishah Idrus
        10.22094/joie.2022.1962136.1971
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        517 - Determination of Motivation, Work Environment, and Work Communication on Performance Through Competence at the Public Health Centers in Batam City
        Fitri Astriani Novi noviyanti Chablullah Wibisono
        10.22094/joie.2023.1987020.2074
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        518 - Digital Competencies Of Teachers In The Transformation Of The Educational Environment
        Olga Zabolotska Nataliia Zhyliak Nataliia Hevchuk Natalya Petrenko Oksana Alieko
        10.22094/joie.2020.677813
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        519 - Competencies of Personnel in Economy 4.0: Challenges and Solutions
        Nina Chala Oksana Poplavska Nataliya Danylevych Mariya Maksma
        10.22094/joie.2020.677818
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        520 - Solving the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem by a Novel Meta-heuristic Algorithm
        Hossein Larki Majid Yousefikhoshbakht
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        521 - Competitiveness of The Company on The Market: Analytical Method of Assessment and The Phenomenon of The Impact of Corruption in Ukraine
        R. Skrynkovskyy A. Kataiev O. Zaiats H. Andrushchenko N. Popova
        10.22094/joie.2020.677836
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        522 - The Influence of Pet Fibers on the Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete
        N Shamskia
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        523 - Identification and ranking of competence management dimensions in Tehran Islamic Azad University units
        Parisa Asghari Mohammad Salehi Kiyomarth Niaz Azari
        &nbsp; Competence of managers in the higher education system is effective in increasing the efficiency, effectiveness and increasing internal and external satisfaction of the organization. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of survey t More
        &nbsp; Competence of managers in the higher education system is effective in increasing the efficiency, effectiveness and increasing internal and external satisfaction of the organization. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of survey type. The statistical population included vice presidents and managers of departments, vice presidents and managers of faculties, department managers and academic staff members of Islamic Azad University of Tehran in the number of 4134 people, of which 352 people were selected based on cokran's formula and stratified random sampling as a sample. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire of competence management with 97 questions and three dimensions "individual, organizational and social" was used. Content and construct validity were used to determine validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine reliability, which was confirmed. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that: competency management has three dimensions (individual, organizational and social), among the dimensions of competency management, the organizational dimension with a factor load of 0.894 has the most influence and in the first place, followed by the individual dimension with a factor load. 0.820 is in the second rank and the social dimension with a factor load of 0.706 has the least influence in the third rank. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        524 - The prediction of competitive anxiety based on psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies of athlete teens
        Farideh Ebrahimi Bejdani Parenaz Banisi Hamidreza Vatankhah
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The purpose of this study was to study prediction of competitive anxiety based on psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies of athlete teens. The quantitative- correlation method was used. The statistical population consists of More
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The purpose of this study was to study prediction of competitive anxiety based on psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies of athlete teens. The quantitative- correlation method was used. The statistical population consists of all the adolescent athletes referred to sports clubs in Tehran in year 2020. In this study, according to convenience sampling method, 200 adolescent athletes by formula Plant of Tabachnick and et al (2007) were selected as samples and they were asked to fill revised competitive state anxiety inventory (RCSAI) of Cox and et al (2003), psychological hardiness scale (PHS) of Lang and et al (2003), resilience scale (CD-RISC) of Connor and Davidson (2003) and ways of coping questionnaire (WCQ) of Lazarus and Folkman's (1998). The data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Findings showed that there was negative and significant correlation between psychological hardiness, resilience and problem oriented stress coping strategies with competitive anxiety athlete teens (P&lt;0/01). Also, findings showed that there was positive and significant correlation between emotion oriented stress coping strategies with competitive anxiety (P&lt;0/01). Regression analyses also revealed that %68 of variance of competitive anxiety was explained by psychological hardiness, %51/7 was explained by resilience and %81/5 of variance of competitive anxiety was explained by stress coping strategies. This study confirmed the significant contribution of psychological hardiness, resilience and stress coping strategies on competitive anxiety of athlete teens. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        525 - The Effectiveness of Nurtured Heart Approach (NHA) parenting on meta-Parenting parental competence, social adjustment and emotional regulation of children aged 7-12 years
        Shirin Porabdolahi Mansoureh Bahramipour
        The current research was aimed to the effectiveness of parenting education based on the nurtured heart approach on parenting, parenting competence, emotional regulation of 7-12-year-old children. The research method was semi-experimental and two-group design (one experi More
        The current research was aimed to the effectiveness of parenting education based on the nurtured heart approach on parenting, parenting competence, emotional regulation of 7-12-year-old children. The research method was semi-experimental and two-group design (one experimental and one control group) with a pre-test, post-test and a 45-day follow-up period. The statistical population includes all mothers with children aged 7-12 in the city of Isfahan in the spring of 2022, which is based on available sampling of 40 mothers with children aged 7-12 who refer to counseling centers active in the field of children . They randomly assigned to two experimental (20 people) and control (20 people) groups. The educational intervention was implemented on the experimental group for 50 days and during 10 sessions and was not provided to the educational control group. The tools used include Havac and Holden's parenting questionnaire (2006), Guibad and Wandersman parenting competence questionnaire (1978), Shields and Cekiti's emotional regulation questionnaire (1997) and the parenting training package based on the nurtured heart approach. and the data was analyzed using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results showed that parenting education based on the nurtured heart approach was effective on parenting, parenting competence, and emotional regulation of 7-12-year-old children, and the effects of education remained in the follow-up phase (p&lt;0.01). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        526 - Prediction of Anxiety, Aggression and Social Competence among Preschool Children based on Parents' Maladaptive Perfectionism
        Khadijeh Abolmaali
        The purpose of this study was to predict anxiety, aggression and social competence among preschool children based on parents' maladaptive perfectionism. Eight of preschool centers in Tehran and then 170 children from these centers were randomly selected. Two questionnai More
        The purpose of this study was to predict anxiety, aggression and social competence among preschool children based on parents' maladaptive perfectionism. Eight of preschool centers in Tehran and then 170 children from these centers were randomly selected. Two questionnaires of Ahvaz perfectionism scale and Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale for preschool children were completed. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results suggest that only maladaptive perfectionism of mothers can predict aggression and anxiety in preschool children, but the fathers' maladaptive perfectionism can't predict these two variables. Also, social competence could not be predicted by parents' perfectionism Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        527 - Study of Students Persuasion Guidelines to Non – Text book Reading
        Afkaneh Soghra Abbas Shakouri Shaldehi
        This research is purposed to direct students toward reading non-textbooks more than academic textbooks-to develop their knowledge and qualifications. This direction can be facilitated by university purposeful planning. Statistical population of this research consists of More
        This research is purposed to direct students toward reading non-textbooks more than academic textbooks-to develop their knowledge and qualifications. This direction can be facilitated by university purposeful planning. Statistical population of this research consists of male and female students of human sciences in Azad University of district 8 and 540 of them were selected by multi-level accidental method. A researcher- made questionnaire distributed, which is taken from was motivating factors in university such as holding book-studying festivals, utilizing various teaching methods by professors, the ways of presenting library services and interests of the students to their fields of study. After collecting data and statistical analysis, the findings of this study showed that the following factors can have the efficient role on attitudes of university students to help them read non-textbooks: The role of the instructor&rsquo;s teaching method, holding book reading competitions, Holding book fair, Reviewing the way of giving library services. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        528 - Study the Situation of Components of Social Competence in Curriculum Design of Sixth Grade, From the Perspective of Teachers
        Mehr Hosseini Soheila Zalbeigi
        The principal aim of the present study was review the situation of components of social competence in curriculum Design of sixth grade, from the perspective of teachers. The population&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and sample were the same and includes all 50 teachers of sixth grad More
        The principal aim of the present study was review the situation of components of social competence in curriculum Design of sixth grade, from the perspective of teachers. The population&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and sample were the same and includes all 50 teachers of sixth grade elementary of Takestan city. Research tool was Social Competence Questionnaire of Felner with minor changes in asking method of questions. Face and content validity and reliability of the questionnaire in Cronbach's alpha method were verified. Research method was Descriptive - survey. The results showed that the Cognitive aspect of social competence in the sixth grade textbook is significantly at a lower level than average. The behavior aspect and thriller aspect and emotional aspect of social competence in the sixth grade textbook is non-significantly at a higher level than average. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        529 - Providing A Model for Woman Assistant Principals Job competencies Development Based on management excellence (EFQM)
        Jila Morsali Jahangir Yari Haj Ataloo
        10.30495/jwsf.2022.1946717.1635
        The purpose of this study was to provide a model for Woman Assistant Principals Job competencies Development Based on management excellence (EFQM).The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study included 36 assistant Principals and c More
        The purpose of this study was to provide a model for Woman Assistant Principals Job competencies Development Based on management excellence (EFQM).The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study included 36 assistant Principals and census sampling methods. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the ten axes of EFQM. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the professors of educational management and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate the reliability. The reliability of the questionnaires was 0.92 in the field of knowledge, 0.98 in the field of skills and 0.98 in the field of attitude. Bartlett test was used to determine the adequacy of sampling in factor analysis. In all three domains, the adequacy ratio of sample size above 0.6 was obtained. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, Bartlett test and exploratory factor analysis, path analysis and the correlation matrix. It was found that attitudes, then Practice and finally knowledge among assistant principals towards the axis of school management excellence play a decisive role and from the view point of Assistant principals, the most effective axis on assistant&rsquo;s job competences are: extracurricular activities, establishing teaching &ndash; learning system, Compilation of Action Plan, creativity and physical Education and safety. Promoting the job competencies of assistant principals is necessary for the improvement of educational quality. The educationists should designate according the view point of the assistant principals. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        530 - Interference Effect of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) on Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield and its Morphological Characteristics
        Ghorban didehbaz Moghanlo Mehdi Joudi Ahmad Tobeh Parviz Sharifi ziveh Mohammad Reza Shiri
        10.30495/jcep.2019.664845
        Maize is one of the important cereal crops in Iran. Moghan, in Ardabil province, is an appropriate region to grow it in the country. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is one of the major noxious weed in maize fields worldwide and also in Iran. To study the int More
        Maize is one of the important cereal crops in Iran. Moghan, in Ardabil province, is an appropriate region to grow it in the country. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is one of the major noxious weed in maize fields worldwide and also in Iran. To study the interference of effect of this weed on maize seed yield and its morphological characteristics, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the research field of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil (Moghan) in 2012. The experimental factors were maize plant densities with four levels (70000, 75000, 80000 and 85000 plant.ha-1) and redroot pigweed densities with four levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 plant/m per row). The results showed that increasing density of maize and redroot pigweed, grain yield, biological yield and chlorophyll content of maize leaves were significantly reduced. The highest grain yield (11.88 t.ha-1) at density corn of 80000 plants.ha-1 of maize under weed free condition and lowest grain yield (7.92 t.ha-1) at maize density of 75000 plants.ha-1 with the presence of the 12 plant/m per row of redroot pigweed. The highest biomass of redroot pigweed (497.8 g/m per row) was produced at density of 85000 plants.ha-1 of maize with the presence of the 12 plant/m per row of redroot pigweed. Generally, the results of this research showed that 80000 plants.ha-1 of maize resulted in highest control of redroot pigweed and grain yield. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        531 - Critical Interference Period of Weeds with Rice ‎ ‎(Oryza sativa L.) in Mazandaran ‎
        Rahmatollah Salehi Zarkhouni Saeed Vazan Hemmatollah Pirdashti Ali Kashani Farid Golzardi
        To investigate the effect of weed interference on the yield and yield components of rice an experiment was conducted in 2014 at Amol and Mahmoudabad cities in Mazandaran. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three rep More
        To investigate the effect of weed interference on the yield and yield components of rice an experiment was conducted in 2014 at Amol and Mahmoudabad cities in Mazandaran. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications. Treatments to control weeds were of two types. The first treatment consistsed of controling weeds 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after rice transplanting and then weeds interfered with plant during rest of growing season. A whole season weed control was used as check. The second type treatment at weed interference until 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after rice transplanting and then weeds were controlled during rest of growing season. A whole season interference treatment was used as a weed infested check. The results of variance analysis showed a significant difference for grain yield in either weed free or weed infested treatments between two places. Weed control and interference (except panicle number and biological yield) significantly affected grain yield, grain numbers per panicle and 1000 grain weight. The highest grain yield (3010.83 kg.ha-1) belonged to weed control during whole growing season and lowest grain yield (2075 kg.ha-1) was obtained from weed infested check. Weed infested check resulted in lower grain yield (by 8.31%), panicle number (by 8.33%) and grains number per panicle (by 10.26%) as compared to the control. The critical period of weed control, based on the amount of 5 and 10 percent of yield losses, were fitted by Gompertz and Logestic regression to weed infested weed free treatments, respectively. The results showed that the critical period of weed control in Mahmoudabad region occurred during the days of 22 to 59 and 27 to 36 (from early to end of tillering) based on 10 and 5 percent of yield loss, respectively. The critical point was calculated to be 32 days after transplanting.Thecritical period for Amol region occurred during days of 15 to 54 and 20 to 37 (from early to end of tillering) based on 10 and 5 percent of yield loss, respectively. The critical point was calculated for day 25 after transplanting. In conclusion, the critical period of weed control seems to begin earlier in Amol than in Mahmoudabad and it also had a longer range. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        532 - Weeds Control by Living Mulch of Maize and Their Effect on Two Potato Cultivars
        Zohrab Adavi
        Using live mulches is one of the biologic methods for weed control in potato. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on RCBD with four replications at the Research Field of Fereydunshahr of Esfahan during 2015. The treatments consisted of two cultiv More
        Using live mulches is one of the biologic methods for weed control in potato. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on RCBD with four replications at the Research Field of Fereydunshahr of Esfahan during 2015. The treatments consisted of two cultivars: Arinda and Agria and three planting systems of potato: weedy sole cropping, weed-free sole cropping and potato inter cropped with maize. Analysis of variance showed that all traits like plant height, plant dry weight, tuber number per plant and tuber yield, except average weight of tuber, were influenced by variety at five percent level of significance. However, plant height and tuber number per plant were influenced by planting system at the level of one percent and plant dry weight, average weight of tuber and tuber yield at the level of five percent significance. The results also showed that potato intercropped with maize reduced highly weed density. The highest and the lowest penetration light were related to weed-free and maize, respectivey. The highest reduction in potato height was found in maize. This might be due to correlation of height and competitiveness of species, because by increasing plant competition height was increased. The highest plant dry weight of potato (121.79g) was related to weed free condition and following by maize, weedy sole cropping. The highest average tuber weight (65.33 g) and tuber yield (677.44 g) belonged to maize, weed free treatments, and lower values of these traits were founded in weedy sole cropping treatment. Overall, live mulches by reducing density of Amaranth (plants per 38.4 m2) was able to control weeds in potato field. This could be attributed to its effects on shading and/or higher competitivness. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        533 - The Effect of Split Application of Nitrogen and Herbicide Doses on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat in Competition with Weeds
        R. Mohaghegh Nezhad, M. Armin M. Heydari
        In this study, the effect of split application of nitrogen and herbicide doses on the yield and yield components of wheat as infested with weeds were evaluated at the Research Field of Motahari Agricultural School of Sabsevar, Iran. The experiment was conducted in split More
        In this study, the effect of split application of nitrogen and herbicide doses on the yield and yield components of wheat as infested with weeds were evaluated at the Research Field of Motahari Agricultural School of Sabsevar, Iran. The experiment was conducted in split plot with three replications. The three split applications of 150 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen as urea [30% at planting and 70% at stem elongation (T1), 25% at planting, 25% at tillering and 50% at stem elongation (T2), 25% at planting, 50% at tillering and 25% at stem elongation (T3)] were assigned to main plots, and five doses of herbicide applications (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of recommended dosage of Imazamethabenz-methyl) to sub- plots. The results showed that herbicide doses significantly affected yield and yield components of wheat and weed population. Increasing of herbicide doses affected biological and grain yield of wheat positively. The results also indicated effect of nitrogen application methods were more pronounced than that of herbicide doses. The highest spike per m2, thousand grain weight, biologic and grain yield, as well as the least number of infertile spikelet, were obtained by T3 treatment of nitrogen fertilization and herbicide application at recommended doses. These results suggested that 75% recommended dosage of Imazamethabenz-methyl and application of nitrogen by using T3 treatment would increase, economic yield of wheat. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        534 - Integrated Weed Management of Cotton Planting in Conventional and Ultra-Narrow Row Space
        Ali Reza Ghavi Mohammad Armin
        10.30495/jcep.2021.679981
        To determine the most appropriate method of weed management in conventional row and ultra narrow row spacings of cotton, a factorial experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Sabzevar in 2015-2016. Factors under More
        To determine the most appropriate method of weed management in conventional row and ultra narrow row spacings of cotton, a factorial experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Sabzevar in 2015-2016. Factors under study were plant spacings in two levels, conventional (70 cm row spacing) and ultra-narrow row (20 cm row spacing) and weed management in six levels: without controlling of weeds (control), application of herbicide at recommended dose of Ethalfluralin (Treflan 48% EC) at 1160 g/ai ha), application of herbicide at 50% recommended dose + hand weeding at 45 days after emergence (DAE), application of herbicide at 50% recommended dose + two times hand weeding at 30 and 60 DAE, three times hand weeding at 30, 45 and 60 DAE, and full weed free condition. The results showed that traits like weed density, by 33.71 percent, lateral branches by 14.77 percent, number of bolls per plant by 16.88 percent, and boll weight by 12.30 percent were lower in narrow row spacing, while seed cotton yield by 39.85 percent and fiber yield by 23.71 percent higher, as compared to, conventional row spacing. In the conventional cultivation system, if 50% of the herbicide dose is reduced, it needs two hands weeding at 30 and 60 DAE; while in ultra-narrow row spacing condition, with a 50% reduction in the recommended herbicide dose, one hand weeding at 45 DAE is needed to achieve suitable seed cotton yield. As a whole, the results showed that, under ultra-narrow row spacing, with a 50% reduction in herbicide dose and reduced weed control times (only one hand weeding at 45 DAE) it can be obtained seed cotton yield similar to other control treatments. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        535 - Effect of Weed Interference Period on Forage Yield of Maize (Zea mays cv. 454) as Second Crop
        P. Mobasseri F. Farahvash
        Controling weeds at their critical periods of growth leads to low production costs and injurious effects of using chemical weed controling methods. In this experiment we studied the timinig effects of weed control (interference of weeds after 20, 40 and 60 days and comp More
        Controling weeds at their critical periods of growth leads to low production costs and injurious effects of using chemical weed controling methods. In this experiment we studied the timinig effects of weed control (interference of weeds after 20, 40 and 60 days and complete control of weeds) and weed interference periods for 20, 40 and 60 days after planting and complete interference) on growth and yield of forage maize CV. 454. The experiment was conducted incomplete randomized blocks design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch in 2013. According to the results, maintenaning the farm for 40 and 60 days under weed interference after 20 days prevented reduction of maize biomass, while weeds interference after 20 days, weed interference and controling weeds after 40 and 60 days resulted in 41.2%, 35%, 25% and 32.5% reduction of forage maize biomass, respectively. Reduction in fresh weight of corn and fresh weight of leaf and stem were also observed due to interference of weeds after 20 days. If weeds are controlled after 60 days, reduction of corn weight and fresh weight of stem will also results in reduction of biomass. Also, if weeds are controlled after 40 days, stem fresh weight of maize will result in biomass reduction. Corn traits were affected by weeds control treatments. Being affected by treatments of weeds interference after 20 days, weeds non-interference, controlling weeds after 40 and 60 days, the height of corn was reduced by 29.9%, 41.4%, 27.6% and 37.2%, respectively. The stem diameter demonstrated a significant reduction, although it was only affected by treatments of weeds interference and weeds control after 60 days. Based on the results of this study, it may be suggested that controling weeds during initial 20-60 days of maize growth would prevent the undesirable effect of weeds on growth, production and biomass production of maize and also results in production costs. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        536 - Weed Interference Duration Effect on Yield and Yield Components of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in Conventional and Organic Conditions
        Masoud Zarei Mohammad Armin Mosarreza Hokmabadi
        10.30495/jcep.2020.671177
        To investigate the effect of duration of weed interference on yield and yield components of cumin grown under conventional and organic condition, a field experiment was conducted in a private farm in Sabzevar in 2017-2018. A split plot experiment based on a randomized c More
        To investigate the effect of duration of weed interference on yield and yield components of cumin grown under conventional and organic condition, a field experiment was conducted in a private farm in Sabzevar in 2017-2018. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. Factors were conventional and organic growing was considered as the main factor and duration of weed interference (0, 2, 4, 6 weeks after emergence and weedy) as subplots. The results showed that conventional farming in terms of weed density, weed dry matter, plant height, lateral branch number, number of seed per umbrella, biologic and seed yield were better than organic farming, while, number of umbrella per plant under organic farming was higher than that of conventional farming. Increasing duration of interference decreased plant height (20.21%), lateral branches (42.85%), the number of umbrella per plant (47.91%), the number of seeds per umbrella (37.5%), biological yield (33.96%) and seed yield (43.90%). Fitted logistic regression function coefficients showed that the onset of yield loss was earlier (11 days after emergence) in conventional condition while in organic condition it was postponed to 17.5 days after emergence. Overall, the results showed that weed interference, under both conventional and organic conditions, reduced seed yield. Weed interference under organic farming delayed 4 weeks and under conventional condition to 2 weeks after cumin emergence and yield reduction was not significant. Thus, control of weeds in conventional conditions should commence from 12 days after emergence and under organic conditions from 18 days after emergence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        537 - Presenting a competency model in appointing managers in service organizations by identifying and cultivating managers' competencies from the sociological perspective of organizations (Case study: Social Security Organization)
        behrouz khoshnamak Suleiman Iranzadeh asadollah khadivi Hoshang Tagizadeh
        10.30495/jss.2020.1905514.1224
        Selection of managers based on competency has always been one of the main concerns of decision makers and policy makers in the public sector and the provision of public services.The selection of the right managers at the levels of centralized and provincial units and th More
        Selection of managers based on competency has always been one of the main concerns of decision makers and policy makers in the public sector and the provision of public services.The selection of the right managers at the levels of centralized and provincial units and the central leadership of public service providers in the field of insurance has been of great importance and it is necessary to specify and develop the indicators of managerial competence required for management in this organization. The purpose of this study is to develop a competency model for selecting managers in one of the main organizations providing various insurance services in Iran. Statistical population, including general manager, deputy general managers, heads of departments and heads and senior experts and heads of branches of one of the general insurance departments of the north and northwest of the country (East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Zanjan, Kurdistan, Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan , Qazvin and Hamedan) the statistical sample size is estimated at 228 people.Research method, integrated (qualitative and quantitative) and data collection tools in the qualitative part of the interview and the quantitative partThe questionnaire was based on the evaluation of competency criteria extracted from the qualitative part. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part was based on the theme analysis approach and in the quantitative part was based on the confirmatory factor analysis method to test the components of the competency model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        538 - The role of cultural capital and class discrimination in forming and compiling music sociologyEmphasizing on Bourdieu, Adorno and Peterson’s views
        amirmasuod amir mazaheri
        The study of music sociology is an important issue due to many reasons, and it has deep dimensional aesthetic and epistemology.As&shy;the day passes perspective and the procedure of music consumption changes and also the way to receive and apply it, is different due to More
        The study of music sociology is an important issue due to many reasons, and it has deep dimensional aesthetic and epistemology.As&shy;the day passes perspective and the procedure of music consumption changes and also the way to receive and apply it, is different due to technology progress. Music fills human leisure and loneliness, and sometimes carrying a superior mental world. All of these conceptions indicate that music has been largely mixed with human entity. Among sociologists' opinions, there are seven generations of study about sociology that each examines music sociology in a way. Among these opinions, it can be mentioned that Pierre Bourdieu's was the most impressive one that has opened a new aspect in the study of cultural consumption through developing the concepts such as lifestyle, cultural capital, class reproduction and the most important, discrimination. Present paper based on theoretical principles, and different generations of theorists of music sociology such as Pierre Bourdieu, Theodor Adorno and Richard Peterson. First a preface on music sociology, its problematic dimensions, theoretical discussions and approaches of each of the respective theorists have been provided and in this regard the writer&rsquo;s approach and outlook in terms of this issue and consequently, conclusions and summation have been addressed. Unlike Bourdieu predictions allowing a particular pattern of consumption in this class, it has been shown that medium class consumers have an art taste and consumption away from aesthetic and epistemology principles. For more exploration in the concepts of Bourdieu&rsquo;s theoretical popularism framework, an anthropological view to music consumption shows that, diversity in the popularism pattern of music consumption is related to rich class consumers. That is, the type and diversity of rich class consumption in music is more diversified such as other aspects. In other words, higher social classes correlate with various tastes and different applications of techniques that release the consumer from passive modes of music application and this configures various levels of economic, social, cultural capital and structural restrictions of issues. Thus, their interests in music aspects and technological media lead to their consumption. Consequently, a combination of these three capitals results to the perception of common consumption of higher class. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        539 - Civil liability in competition law and intellectual property law in Islamic law and the European Union
        yahya mirzamohammadi fard garakhanlou naser masuodi مصطفی نوراللهی
        10.3495/jiil.2023.1972103.1684
        Due to the many formal and substantive differences in competition law and its consequent impact on intellectual property, it has been very difficult to achieve international coordination in this area. In today's civil liability systems, pure and proxy responsibilities a More
        Due to the many formal and substantive differences in competition law and its consequent impact on intellectual property, it has been very difficult to achieve international coordination in this area. In today's civil liability systems, pure and proxy responsibilities are increasing day by day, while such a responsibility does not have much deterrent effect, because in pure liability, a person who is cautious may still be held responsible, and in proxy liability, such as The fault is committed by another person, the person in charge, no matter how careful, can not prevent the damage. Personal responsibility is also based on objective guilt in many cases, they can not help prevention. The Civil Liability Law in 1339, by inserting Article 8, declared any damage to the dignity and credibility of individuals to be claimable. In 1983, the Law on Penalties for Conspiracy and Fraud in Business and Commerce allocated Articles 120 to 125 to this issue. With the approval of the section on punishments and deterrents to the Islamic Penal Code in 1375, only Articles 529 and 530 have been mentioned regarding forgery. EU law also provides for civil liability in competition law and intellectual property rights, and provides for remedial action for damages resulting from errors and omissions. This article seeks to examine the issue of civil liability in competition law and intellectual property law in Islamic law and the European Union in a descriptive-analytical manner. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        540 - The procedure of registration dispute resolution authorities with an approach based on jurisprudence
        mehdi soltani Mohammad Mazhari saeid mosavi naser rahbar
        10.3495/jiil.2022.1963289.1658
        The registration dispute resolution authorities are the exclusive administrative authorities under the Real Estate and Deeds Registration Organization and the Judiciary.The history of the rules and customs related to the registration of documents and real estate in Isla More
        The registration dispute resolution authorities are the exclusive administrative authorities under the Real Estate and Deeds Registration Organization and the Judiciary.The history of the rules and customs related to the registration of documents and real estate in Islamic lands goes back to pre-Islamic laws, especially the registration systems of Iran, Rome and Egypt. Due to the issuance of some opinions conflicting with jurisprudence-legal rules in dispute resolution authorities, including special registration laws, the supervisory board and the Supreme Council of Registration doubles the importance of conducting this research.The purpose of writing this article is to examine the jurisprudential-legal challenges of registration dispute resolution authorities. The obtained results indicate that although there are specific methods and procedures in the laws and executive regulations and the guidelines of the dispute resolution authorities, but in practice they do not guarantee the rights and freedoms of the parties. This has caused the authorities to stay away from the proceedings, including the principles and standards of fair proceedings.Therefore, in most cases, the efficiency and effectiveness of some registration dispute resolution authorities has diminished and faced challenges. The conflict between the procedural rules of registered dispute resolution authorities and certain jurisprudential-legal rules such as non-harm, compensation, compensation, hardship and harassment is evident in some cases. Therefore, examining these challenges and finally reaching a solid opinion that causes jurisprudence rules to be questioned, is one of the important necessities of this article. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        541 - توسعه توانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی از طریق فعالیتهای بین فرهنگی: مطالعه ای در ایران
        داود کوهی سیده زهرا اسماعیلی ثریا بهروزی زاد
        10.30495/jal.2022.1963871.1426
        نگرانی دیرینه ای که در ذهن محققان بین فرهنگی طنین انداز می شود این است که چگونه می توان موضوعات بین فرهنگی را در آموزش زبان انگلیسی به بهترین نحو گنجاند، موضوعی که در محیط انگلیسی بعنوان زبان خارجی تحقیقات کمی در مورد آن انجام شده است. برای پر کردن این شکاف، این مطالعه More
        نگرانی دیرینه ای که در ذهن محققان بین فرهنگی طنین انداز می شود این است که چگونه می توان موضوعات بین فرهنگی را در آموزش زبان انگلیسی به بهترین نحو گنجاند، موضوعی که در محیط انگلیسی بعنوان زبان خارجی تحقیقات کمی در مورد آن انجام شده است. برای پر کردن این شکاف، این مطالعه کیفی با هدف بررسی اثربخشی استفاده از فعالیتهای بینا فرهنگی در افزایش مهارتهای بینا فرهنگی فراگیران ایرانی زبان انگلیسی در استان گیلان، انزلی انجام شد. بدین منظور، گروهی متشکل از 22 فراگیر ایرانی زبان انگلیسی با سطح مهارت زبانی متوسط از طریق نمونه گیری در دسترس از یک مجموعه 44 نفری بر اساس آزمون تعیین سطح آکسفورد انتخاب شدند. تمامی شرکت کنندگان 12 زن و 10 مرد در محدوده سنی 30-21 ساله بودند. سپس در هجده جلسه آموزش بینا فرهنگی با استفاده از کتاب آیینه ها و پنجره ها: یک کتاب درسی بینا فرهنگی شرکت کردند و هفت فعالیت بینا فرهنگی را به عنوان پیش آزمون و پس آزمون تکمیل کردند. داده ها از طریق هفت فعالیت بینا فرهنگی بعنوان پیش آزمون و پس آزمون و کاربرگ های انعکاسی جمع آوری شد. براساس تئوری توانش ارتباطی بینافرهنگی بایرام (1997)، توسعه بین فرهنگی شاگردان در طول دوره آموزشی میان فرهنگی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته های تحلیل محتوایی نشان داد که فعالیتهای بینا فرهنگی می تواند به شرکت کنندگان در افزایش شایستگی بینا فرهنگی کمک کند. علاوه بر این، سه تم مهم از تجزیه و تحلیل کاربرگ های انعکاسی پدیدار شد. مفاهیم و پیشنهادات برای تحقیقات بیشتر مورد بحث قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        542 - ترجیح سبک یادگیری در مترجمان حرفه ای مرد و زن
        الهام اکبری امین کریم نیا
        این مطالعه به بررسی ترجیح سبک یادگیری در میان مترجمان حرفهای پرداخته است. هدف این مطالعه عبارتاست از (الف) یافتن سبک یادگیری غالب در میان مترجمان حرفهای ایرانی؛ (ب) یافتن هر گونه تفاوت معنیداردر ترجیح سبک یادگیری مترجمان از لحاظ جنسیت؛ و (ج) یافتن هر گونه تفاوت معنیدار More
        این مطالعه به بررسی ترجیح سبک یادگیری در میان مترجمان حرفهای پرداخته است. هدف این مطالعه عبارتاست از (الف) یافتن سبک یادگیری غالب در میان مترجمان حرفهای ایرانی؛ (ب) یافتن هر گونه تفاوت معنیداردر ترجیح سبک یادگیری مترجمان از لحاظ جنسیت؛ و (ج) یافتن هر گونه تفاوت معنیدار میان سبک یادگیریفردی و قابلیت و شایستگی ترجمهی مترجمان زن و مرد بود. برای نیل به این اهداف، 110 مترجم حرفهای از 35مرکز ترجمه در 3 استان جنوبی ایران (فارس، هرمزگان و بوشهر) از طریق نمونه گیری غیراحتمالی انتخاب شدند.دادههای مربوط به سبک یادگیری از طریق استفاده از پرسشنامهی سبک یادگیری هانی و موفورد جمعآوری شد،و قابلیت و صلاحیت ترجمه کردن از طریق متنی آزموده شد که شرکت کنندگان ترجمه کردند. یافتهها نشان دادو در رتبهی بعدی مصلحتگرا ،(Reflector) که سبک یادگیری غالب مترجمان، عبارت از بازتابندهاست، هر چند گروهی که سبک نگرشگر را (Theorist) و نگرشگر (Activist) عملگرا ،(Pragmatist)ترجیح میدادند، عملکرد بهتری را نشان دادند. علاوهبراین، یافتهها هیچ گونه تفاوت یا ارتباط معنیداری را میانANOVA جنسیت مترجمان و ترجیح سبک یادگیری نشان ندادند. در نهایت، نتایج ی یک طرفه نشان داد کهتفاوت معنیداری میان گروهها از لحاظ ترجیح سبک یادگیری و قابلیت و شایستگی ترجمهی مترجمان وجوددارد. برخی دلالتهای تعلیمی نیز مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        543 - بررسی ادراک معلم زبان انگلیسی زبان ایرانی از آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی
        مصطفی غفّاری داوود کوهی مرتضی اصل رسولی
        10.30495/jal.2022.694408
        این پژوهش تلاشی برای بررسی ادراک معلمان ایرانی دوره متوسطه از آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی بود (CCA). شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 307 نفر از معلمان دبیرستان های مختلف شهر قزوین بودند. تمامی شرکت کنندگان پرسشنامه آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی را تکمیل کردند. سپس داده‌ها وارد نرم‌افزار SPSS More
        این پژوهش تلاشی برای بررسی ادراک معلمان ایرانی دوره متوسطه از آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی بود (CCA). شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 307 نفر از معلمان دبیرستان های مختلف شهر قزوین بودند. تمامی شرکت کنندگان پرسشنامه آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی را تکمیل کردند. سپس داده‌ها وارد نرم‌افزار SPSS شده و تحت آنالیز مؤلفه‌های اصلی قرار گرفتند. سه عامل استخراج و به‌ عنوان آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی در برنامه‌های آموزش زبان انگلیسی ، آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی در مواد و کتاب‌های درسی آموزش زبان انگلیسی و آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی در اصطلاح عمومی نام‌گذاری شدند که پاسخ های شرکت کنندگان بر اساس عوامل مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ادراک آگاهی انتقادی معلمان نسبت به کتب درسی و مواد آموزشی زبان انگلیسی بالاترین عامل است. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل گویه‌ها نشان داد که معلمان نشان می‌دهند که همه فرهنگ‌ها باید در کتاب‌ها و مواد آموزشی زبان انگلیسی از وضعیت یکسانی برخوردار باشند. نتیجه گیری شد که آگاهی فرهنگی معلمان در خصوص ادغام فرهنگ با جریان اصلی تدریس باید افزایش یابد و در کلاس های خود به فرهنگ توجه بیشتری داشته باشند. یکی از کاربردهای مهم برای زبان انگلیسی به عنوان معلمان یادگیری زبان خارجی و همچنین طراحان برنامه درسی این است که یک برنامه درسی بین فرهنگی می تواند زبان آموزان را قادر سازد تا درک بهتری از مطالب مورد نظر داشته باشند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        544 - تمایل به برقراری ارتباط، هراس از ارتباط، و درک شخصی از توانایی برقراری ارتباط در زبان اول و زبان دوم در بین زبان آموزان ایرانی: یک تحقیق مقایسه ای
        غزاله چراغپور سمواتی نسیم گل آقایی
        در عصر آموزش زبان به صورت محاوره ای اصلی ترین هدف از زبان آموزی تشویق زبان آموز به جستجوىفرصت های ارتباطی و تمایل آنان به برقراری ارتباط در چنین موقعیت ها شناخته شده است. از آنجایی که ارتباطبین تمایل به برقراری ارتباط و متغیرهای دیگر ممکن است به طرز قابل ملاحظه ای از فر More
        در عصر آموزش زبان به صورت محاوره ای اصلی ترین هدف از زبان آموزی تشویق زبان آموز به جستجوىفرصت های ارتباطی و تمایل آنان به برقراری ارتباط در چنین موقعیت ها شناخته شده است. از آنجایی که ارتباطبین تمایل به برقراری ارتباط و متغیرهای دیگر ممکن است به طرز قابل ملاحظه ای از فرهنگی به فرهنگ دیگرتغییر کند، مطالعه حاضر ارتباط بین تمایل به برقراری ارتباط، هراس از ارتباط و درک شخصی از توانایی برقراریارتباط در فارسی و انگلیسی را مورد بررسی قرار داد. تعداد 235 زبان آموز ایرانی بزرگسال فارسی زبان از طریقروش نمونه گیری در دسترس برای شرکت در این تحقیق انتخاب شدند. جامعه آماری متشکل از 118 زبان آموزسطح متوسط و 113 زبان آموز سطح متوسط رو به بالا بود. انتقال پذیری و قابل پیش بینی بودن متغیرهایارتباطی از زبان اول به زبان دوم توسط تحلیل درجه همبستگی و رگرسیون خطی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافتهها نشان داد که در بین متغیرهای ارتباطی، هراس از ارتباط بیشتر حالت یک صفت فردی را داشت که از زباناول به زبان خارجی منتقل می شد. تمایل به برقراری ارتباط درزبان فارسی به میزان بسیار کمی این تمایل را درزبان انگلیسی پیش بینی می کرد. همچنین درک شخصی از توانایی برقراری ارتباط در فارسی فقط 15 ٪ همینمتغیر در زبان انگلیسی را پیش بینی می کرد. یافته های این تحقیق می تواند به معلم ها در درک این موضوع کهکدام متغیرهای ارتباطی حالت یک صفت فردی را دارند یا بسته به موقعیت تغییر می کنند، کمک کند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        545 - به دنبال توانمندی ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در فضای انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی: بررسی ادراکات معلمان انگلیسی ایران
        موسی رضا بنفشه محدثه خسروی Mavadat Saidi
        به دنبال دانش&nbsp; ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در بافت&nbsp; انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی: بررسی ادراکات معلمان زبان ایرانی جهانی شدن باعث افزایش&nbsp; ارتباط میان افرادی با پیش زمینه های زبانی و فرهنگی بسیار شده است (بایرم، 2008) و در نتیجه اخیرا، نقش مهم فرهنگ در آموزش زبان خا More
        به دنبال دانش&nbsp; ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در بافت&nbsp; انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی: بررسی ادراکات معلمان زبان ایرانی جهانی شدن باعث افزایش&nbsp; ارتباط میان افرادی با پیش زمینه های زبانی و فرهنگی بسیار شده است (بایرم، 2008) و در نتیجه اخیرا، نقش مهم فرهنگ در آموزش زبان خارجی پررنگ تر از پیش شده است (فیپز و گنزالز، 2004). در نتیجه، دانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی به عنوان رکنی مهم در یادگیری و آموزش زبان مطرح شده است (بایرم و زاراته، 1997). البته، این دانش به عنوان نتیجه ی ضمنی خودبخود آموزش زبان خارجی تلقی می شود (میر، 1991) و به نظر می رسد معلمان نقشی مهم در آموزش بین فرهنگی دارند که این نقش در محیطهای انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی حائز اهمیت بیشتری است (هن و سانگ، 2011). مطالعه ی حاضر در تلاش است ادراکات معلمان زبان ایرانی را در مورد توانمندی ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در حال حاضر بررسی نماید. همچنین در تلاش است به این مسئله بپردازد که آیا تجربه ی معلمان می تواند بر ادراک آنها از این توانمندی تاثیر گذارد. بدین منظور، از 100 معلم زبان خواسته شد تا پرسشنامه ی مربوطه برگرفته از مطالعه ی هن و سانگ (2011) را تکمیل نمایند. نتایج بررسی های کمی و کیفی حاکی از آن بود که شباهتها و تفاوتهایی میان ادراکات معلمان در مورد دانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی و ارتباط آن با تجربه ی معلمان وجود دارد. نتایج به اهمیت آموزش بین فرهنگی معلمان در فضای زبان آموزی ایران اشاره دارد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        546 - نقش و توانش مدرس آنلاین: نظرات دانشجو معلمان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی
        مینا بصیرت محبوبه تقی زاده
        10.30495/jal.2022.696544
        این پژوهش با هدف بررسی نقش مدرسان زبان انگلیسی و تعیین توانمندی های مورد نیاز جهت آموزش دوره های برخط زبان انگلیسی انجام شده است. برای این منظور، دیدگاه های 100 دانشجوی فارغ التحصیل رشته آموزش زبان انگیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه (TEFL) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جمع آوری اطلاعات More
        این پژوهش با هدف بررسی نقش مدرسان زبان انگلیسی و تعیین توانمندی های مورد نیاز جهت آموزش دوره های برخط زبان انگلیسی انجام شده است. برای این منظور، دیدگاه های 100 دانشجوی فارغ التحصیل رشته آموزش زبان انگیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه (TEFL) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جمع آوری اطلاعات مورد نیاز توسط دو پرسشنامه در مورد نقش های مدرسان برخط و توانمندی های آنها به همراه دو سوال پاسخ باز انجام گرفت. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که می توان نقش های مدرسان برخط را به ترتیب به عنوان نقش آموزشی، حرفه ای، اجرایی، اجتماعی، ارزیابی، فناوری و محقق رتبه بندی کرد. علاوه بر این، توانمندی های نقش آموزشی، حرفه ای و فناوری بالاترین میزان میانگین و توانمندی های نقش محقق کمترین میزان میانگین را به خود اختصاص دادند. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده داشتن دانش فناوری و استفاده از آن، دانش مربوط به درس یا محتوا، توانایی حفظ انگیزه زبان آموزان، مهارت های تدریس برخط و توانایی برقراری ارتباط موثر از دیگر توانمندی هایی بود که مدرس برای ایفای نقش خود در کلاس های برخط زبان انگلیسی به آنها نیاز دارد. یافته های این پژوهش می تواند بینش ژرف تری در زمینه چگونگی طراحی دوره های رشد حرفه ای مدرسان برخط در جهت افزایش کیفیت و توانمند سازی آنها به عنوان مدرس برخط زبان انگلیسی ارائه دهند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        547 - فرهنگ و آموزش زبان
        کاظم لطفی پور ساعدی
        دیدگاه‌های متفاوتی در مورد رابطه بین زبان و فرهنگ وجود دارد. عده‌ای این دو را جز جداازهم، عده‌ای به‌صورت سیستم کد و برخی آن را سیستمی از باورها و نگرش‌ها در نظر می‌گیرند.برخی بر این باورند که بین زبان و فرهنگ رابطة علت و معلولی وجود دارد. درحالی‌که این بحث بین برخی افرا More
        دیدگاه‌های متفاوتی در مورد رابطه بین زبان و فرهنگ وجود دارد. عده‌ای این دو را جز جداازهم، عده‌ای به‌صورت سیستم کد و برخی آن را سیستمی از باورها و نگرش‌ها در نظر می‌گیرند.برخی بر این باورند که بین زبان و فرهنگ رابطة علت و معلولی وجود دارد. درحالی‌که این بحث بین برخی افراد وجود دارد که رابطة تکاملی بین این دو مورد هست. مقالة حاضر ارتباط تکاملی هالیدی را تصدیق می‌کند. با ارایه این نظر که زبان و فرهنگ؛ هردو درگیر یک سیستم واحد نشانه‌شناسی اجتماعی هستند که همواره با یکدیگر دارای تعاملی برای ایجاد یک سیستم موفق می‌باشند.مقاله موجود&nbsp; دربارة برخی جنبه‌های این تعامل و کاربرد آن بر روی برنامة آموزشیESL/EFLبحث می‌کند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        548 - تاثیر فعالیتهای کلاسی حل مسئله روی تمایل به ارتباط، توانش ارتباطی خود ادراکی، و اضطراب ارتباط در زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی
        Amir Marzban مریم محمودوند
        تمایل به بر قراری ارتباط که به عنوان اراده فرد در برقراری ارتباط در هنگامی که فرصت آن بروز پیدا می کند تعریف می شود(مک اینتایر و همکاران،1998)نقش مهمی در یادگیری زبان دوم / خارجی ایفامی نماید. تحقیق حاضر درصدد آن است که تاثیر اجرای فعالیتهای کلاسی مبتنی بر حل مسئله را ر More
        تمایل به بر قراری ارتباط که به عنوان اراده فرد در برقراری ارتباط در هنگامی که فرصت آن بروز پیدا می کند تعریف می شود(مک اینتایر و همکاران،1998)نقش مهمی در یادگیری زبان دوم / خارجی ایفامی نماید. تحقیق حاضر درصدد آن است که تاثیر اجرای فعالیتهای کلاسی مبتنی بر حل مسئله را روی تمایل زبان آموزان به برقراری ارتباط مورد بررسی قراردهد. جهت رسیدن به این هدف 61 زبان آموز سطح پیش متوسطه از طریق یک امتحان تعیین سطح انتخاب شدند. زبان آموزان از لحاظ سه مقیاس تمایل به برقراری ارتباط و نیز دو مقیاس پیشینی&nbsp; یعنی توانش ارتباطی خود ادراکی و اضطراب ارتباط تحت پیش آزمون قرار گرفتند. البته گروه ازمایشی در طول دوره آموزشی فعالیتها کلاسی حل مسئله دریافت نمود درحالی که گروه کنترل از آن محروم شد.پس از 15 جلسه آموزش دو گروه از طریق سه مقیاس اشاره شده تحت پس آزمون قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که گروه آزمایشی از لحاظ سطح تمایل به برقراری ارتباط عملکرد بهتری داشت. به علاوه مشخص شد که تمایل به برقراری ارتباط به طور مستقیم با توانش ارتباطی خودادراکی و به طور غیر مستقیم با اضطراب ارتباط رابطه دارد. بنابراین براساس مدل راه مک اینتایر (1994) هر دو مقیاس می توانند پیش بینی کننده تمایل بهارتباط باشند. تحلیل آماری داده ها از طریق تحلیل واریانس چند متغیری(MANOVA) &nbsp;&nbsp;انجام شد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        549 - یادگیری و رشد دستور زبان فارسی در بین کودکان رده سنی مهد کودک
        Farhad Tayebipour محمد جواد ریاستی
        هدف از انجام مطالعه کمی حاضر، پاسخگویی به چهار سوال است: نخست اینکه آیا تفاوتی بین توسعه دانش دستوری کودکان 2.6 ساله و کودکان 3.6 ساله وجود دارد. دوم اینکه آیا تفاوت معنی داری بین این دو گروه سنی از نظر میانگین طول پاره گفتار (MLU) وجود دارد. سوال سوم به رابطه بین میانگ More
        هدف از انجام مطالعه کمی حاضر، پاسخگویی به چهار سوال است: نخست اینکه آیا تفاوتی بین توسعه دانش دستوری کودکان 2.6 ساله و کودکان 3.6 ساله وجود دارد. دوم اینکه آیا تفاوت معنی داری بین این دو گروه سنی از نظر میانگین طول پاره گفتار (MLU) وجود دارد. سوال سوم به رابطه بین میانگینطولپارهگفتار کودکان و مربیان آنها می پردازد. چهارم اینکه آیا محدوده طبیعی پیشنهادی براون (1973) در فراگیری زبان فارسی مشاهده می شود. به این منظور شش نمونه زبانی مربوط به کودکان و مربیان مهد کودک در طی یک دوره زمانی شش هفته ای جمع آوری و سپس مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج مطالعه از لحاظ تفاوتهای سنی و توسعه دانش دستوری نشان داد که هیچ پاسخ قطعی یا مثبتی برای این سوال وجود ندارد. یعنی در برخی موارد تفاوت هایی مشاهده شد و در برخی موارد دیگر هیچ تفاوتی مشاهده نشد. همچنین از لحاظ میانگینطولپارهگفتار، تفاوت معنی داری بین دو گروه سنی مشاهده شد. اما هیچ تفاوت معنی داری در میانگینطولپارهگفتار بین کودکان و مربیان مشاده نشد. در نهایت مشخص شد که محدوده طبیعی پیشنهادی براون (1973) در فراگیری زبان فارسی وجود دارد.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        550 - بررسی نگرش دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی در عرصه بین الملل نسبت به توانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی
        علی اصغر پوراکبری حسین حیدری تبریزی عزیزه چالاک
        10.30495/jal.2019.664544
        هدف این مطالعه بررسی نگرش و ماهیت درک تفکر و درک صلاحیت ارتباطات بین فرهنگی (ICC) بین دانشجویان بین المللی زبان&nbsp; انگلیسی است. بر این اساس، این مطالعه از پارادایم تحقیق ترکیبی استفاده می کند که شامل یک مرحله کیفی و یک مرحله کمی است. شرکت کنندگان در مرحله اول مطالعه More
        هدف این مطالعه بررسی نگرش و ماهیت درک تفکر و درک صلاحیت ارتباطات بین فرهنگی (ICC) بین دانشجویان بین المللی زبان&nbsp; انگلیسی است. بر این اساس، این مطالعه از پارادایم تحقیق ترکیبی استفاده می کند که شامل یک مرحله کیفی و یک مرحله کمی است. شرکت کنندگان در مرحله اول مطالعه 30 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد سال سوم رشته زبان انگلیسی از دانشگاه خوراسگان اصفهان، ایران هستند. و شرکت کنندگان مرحله دوم مطالعه، 30 دانشجوی بین المللی سال اول دوره ESL از دانشگاه گانزاگا در واشنگتن، ایالات متحده هستند. تجزیه و تحلیل روایت ها در مرحله اول مطالعه نشان می دهد که شرکت کنندگان نگرش های متنوع نسبت به برخورد بین فرهنگی دارند. یافته های تحلیل آماری مرحله دوم مطالعه نشان داد که مهم ترین متغیرهای اختلاف فردی که مستلزم صلاحیت ارتباطاتی بین فرهنگی دانشجویان هستند، نگرانی های ارتباطی آنها و شایستگی ارتباطی آنها است. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        551 - بررسی کاربرد حروف ربط موازی و غیرموازی توسط دانش‌آموزان مقطع پیش‌دانشگاهی در ایران
        نادر اسدی محمد یوسفی اسگویی سارا صالح پور
        در تلاشی برای رد این استدلال غلط&nbsp; که دانش گرامری فرد نشانگر نحوه کاربرد این دانش می‌باشد تحقیق حاضر به روشن کردن تناقض بین دانش و عملکرد فرد در حوضه حروف اضافه می‌پردازد. این مطالعه با هدف برجسته ساختن ناهماهنگی بین دانش گرامری فرد از حروف ربط و نحوه کاربرد آن‌ها ا More
        در تلاشی برای رد این استدلال غلط&nbsp; که دانش گرامری فرد نشانگر نحوه کاربرد این دانش می‌باشد تحقیق حاضر به روشن کردن تناقض بین دانش و عملکرد فرد در حوضه حروف اضافه می‌پردازد. این مطالعه با هدف برجسته ساختن ناهماهنگی بین دانش گرامری فرد از حروف ربط و نحوه کاربرد آن‌ها انجام پذیرفته است. شرکت کنندگان دراین تحقیق 40 دانش‌آموز مقطع پیش‌دانشگاهی دبیرستان مشکات تبریز می‌باشند. برای دست‌یابی به اهداف این تحقیق دانش حرف ربط این دانش‌آموزان یکبار توسط آزمون چهارجوابی حروف ربط و بار دیگر توسط آزمون دیگری که در آن دانش‌آموزان ملزم به وصل دو جمله مستقل توسط حروف ربط مناسب می‌باشند سنجیده شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که دانش فرد از حروف ربط الزاماً قابل‌عمومیت دادن به نحوه کاربرد آن‌ها نمی‌باشد. به عبارت دیگر حروف ربط انتخاب‌شده از بین گزینه‌های آزمون چهارجوابی و حروف ربط استفاده‌شده برای وصل کردن جملات مستقل در آزمون دوم الزاماً در تناسب کامل نبوده و شرکت کنندکان استفاده از حروف ربط موازی تفصیلی را به حروف ربط غیرموازی تفصیلی و حروف ربط غیرموازی زمینه‌ای را به حروف ربط موازی زمینه‌ای ترجیح می‌دهند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        552 - بررسی مقابله ای قابلیت توسعه توانش بین فرهنگی کتب ILI و Rise and Shine
        فاطمه میرزاپور
        10.30495/jal.2020.675579
        در کلاس های آموزش زبان انگلیسی، مواد آموزشی بخش جدایی ناپذیری از هر دوره آموزشی می باشند. مواد آموزشی بارزترین ویژگی هر محیط زبان آموزی تلقی می شوند. یکی از این موارد کتاب های درسی مورد استفاده در موسسات آموزشی می باشد که در هدایت معلمان و زبان آموزان و راهنمایی آنها در More
        در کلاس های آموزش زبان انگلیسی، مواد آموزشی بخش جدایی ناپذیری از هر دوره آموزشی می باشند. مواد آموزشی بارزترین ویژگی هر محیط زبان آموزی تلقی می شوند. یکی از این موارد کتاب های درسی مورد استفاده در موسسات آموزشی می باشد که در هدایت معلمان و زبان آموزان و راهنمایی آنها در فرایند زبان آموزی بسیار مهم هستند. هدف از این تحقیق مقایسه محتوای فرهنگی دو سری از کتاب های آموزشی مورد استفاده در موسسات در ایران می باشد؛ این کتب شامل ILI and Rise and Shine هستند. هدف از انجام این تحقیق روشن سازی سودمندی این کتاب ها در توسعه قابلیت بین فرهنگی زبان آموزان ایرانی می باشد. شرکت کنندگان شامل 30 نفر معلم در موسسات چیت سازان و کانون زبان می باشد که در سطح پیشرفته تدریس می کنند. ابزار این مطالعه پرسشنامه ای است که توسط صفا، مرادی و حمزوی (2015) طراحی شده است و شامل 38 سوال بر اساس طیف لیکرت می باشد. داده های جمع آوری شده با استفاده از آزمون تی تست مستقل تحلیل شده است. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که کتاب های Rise and Shine ویژگی های بین فرهنگی بیشتری از کتاب های کانون دارند و در توسعه قابلیت بین فرهنگی زبان آموزان کاربرد بیشتری دارند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        553 - ویژگی های روان‌سنجی یک مقیاس سنجش برای ارزشیابی توانش تعاملی در وظایف زوج گفتار در سطح خُرد
        میلاد رمضانی بیوک بهنام سعیده آهنگری
        10.30495/jal.2019.664545
        بررسی های مربوط به تعامل در زبان دوم که محوریت اجتماعی دارند، در طول 15 سال گذشته تحقیقات بیشماری را به خود اختصاص داده است. اما طراحی مقیاس های سنجش عملکرد تعاملی دشوار است چرا که فرآیند پیچیده ای می&shy;طلبد. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا ویژگی های روان&shy;سنجی مقیاس انداز More
        بررسی های مربوط به تعامل در زبان دوم که محوریت اجتماعی دارند، در طول 15 سال گذشته تحقیقات بیشماری را به خود اختصاص داده است. اما طراحی مقیاس های سنجش عملکرد تعاملی دشوار است چرا که فرآیند پیچیده ای می&shy;طلبد. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا ویژگی های روان&shy;سنجی مقیاس اندازه گیری کپ (ونگ، 2015) برای سنجش توانش تعاملی در سطح خرد را بررسی نماید. بدین منظور 160 زبان آموز سطح متوسط ایرانی از آموزشگاه زبانی در شهر تبریز بر اساس عملکردشان در آزمون تافل اینترنتی انتخاب شدند. عملکرد تعاملی آنان در چهار وظیفه تعاملی شامل مشاهده تفاوت، تصمیم گیری، تکمیل داستان و بحث آزاد با استفاده از مقیاس سنجش مذکور در ابتدا و انتهای دوره مورد پیش آزمون و پس آزمون قرار گرفت. برای تخمین پایایی در پیش&shy;آزمون و پس&shy;آزمون در 13آیتم 4 عاملی این مقیاس، از شاخص همبستگی پییرسون استفاده گردید. علاوه بر آن، 5 تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی از طریق روش گردشی واریماکس به منظور روایی سنجی 4 عملکرد ارتباطی تعیین کننده توانش تعاملی به صورت انفرادی و یکجا مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که مقیاس سنجش کپ از شاخص پایایی قابل قبولی برخوردار است و چهار عملکرد ارتباطی: ارائه استدلال، بسط مباحثات، انجام مساعدت/حمایت و ایجاد ارتباط بین موضوعات می&shy;توانندعامل پیش بینی کننده توانش تعاملی باشند. پیرو این نتایج برخی استنباط های آموزشی و ارزشیابی ارائه شده است. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        554 - بررسی رابطه بین نحوه استفاده و نوع راهبردهای ارتباطی و مهارت زبانی فراگیران ایرانی
        فرزاد سلحشور هانیه دوات گری اصل
        منظور از راهبردهای ارتباطی تلاش های اصولی و منظم طرف گفتگو برای اظهار معنی و منظور در زبان مقصد در شرایطی که فرد دسترسی به کلمه یا نکته دستوری مورد نظر ندارد می باشد.بر اساس این رویکرد،راهبردهای ارتباطی به عنوان ابزاری برای جبران نواقص زبانی برای یادگیرندگان زبان دوم یا More
        منظور از راهبردهای ارتباطی تلاش های اصولی و منظم طرف گفتگو برای اظهار معنی و منظور در زبان مقصد در شرایطی که فرد دسترسی به کلمه یا نکته دستوری مورد نظر ندارد می باشد.بر اساس این رویکرد،راهبردهای ارتباطی به عنوان ابزاری برای جبران نواقص زبانی برای یادگیرندگان زبان دوم یا زبان خارجی به شمار می ایند.براساس چارچوب مفهومی این مقاله گزارشی از تحقیقی است که در دانشگاه تربیت معلم آذربایجان بر روی دانشجویان رشته زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی انجام پذیرفت.هدف اصلی از این تحقیق جستجوی رابطه بین نحوه استفاده شرکت کنندگان از راهکارهای ارتباطی در حل مشکلات ارتباطی و مهارت زبانی آنان بود.اطلاعات مورد نیاز این تحقیق از طریق مصاحبه یک به یک زبان آموزان و تجزیه و تحلیل کمی و کیفی آن انجام پذیرفت نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از این امر بود که تعداد راهبردهای ارتباطی استفاده شده توسط کاربران بر اساس مهارت زبانی آن ها متفاوت بود.این امر بدین معنی است زبان آموزانی که مهارت زبانی پایین تری داشتند بیشتر از زبان آموزان متوسط و سطح بالا از راهکار های ارتباطی استفاده می کنند.نوع راهبردهای ارتباطی استفاده شده نیزبر اساس مهارت زبانی زبان آموزان نیز متفاوت بود.بر اساس این تحقیق زبان آموزان سطح بالا بیشتر از راهبردهایی استفاده می کنند که مهارت زبان مقصد را می طلبد و این در حالیست که زبان آموزان سطح متوسط و پایین بیشتر از راهبردهایی که بسته به مهارت زبان اول دارد،استفاده می نمایند &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        555 - Judicial-Lawful Survey of Recidivism by Emphasizing on Article 136 of IPC
        yousef noraei
        One of the general aggravating circumstances in all crimes is the repetition of crime. Iranian legislator, neither before the Islamic Revolution nor after that, had explicitly passed any provision about crimes entitled divine punishment. It was in the Article 136 of the More
        One of the general aggravating circumstances in all crimes is the repetition of crime. Iranian legislator, neither before the Islamic Revolution nor after that, had explicitly passed any provision about crimes entitled divine punishment. It was in the Article 136 of the Islamic Penal Code, adopted on April.21, 2013, that the repetition of such crimes came to be approved. This Article says that: "If a person commits a crime entitled divine punishment in three times, and in each time he is punished, his sentence in forth time will be death penalty." Contrary to this rule which is taken from the opinion of the most celebrities of Islamic jurists, there are at least two other opinions the first, is the death penalty in third time, and the second, is the lack of permission for the death penalty Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        556 - The Judicial investigation of Internet Perpetrators Who corrupt in the Earth
        aliakbar izadifard seyyed mojtaba hosseinnezhad
        Corruption on earth acting against national security in cyberspace shows significant prevalence as one of the crimes with the highest incidence in today&rsquo;s society, due to technological advances which seems to be far more destructive than the traditional one. No ve More
        Corruption on earth acting against national security in cyberspace shows significant prevalence as one of the crimes with the highest incidence in today&rsquo;s society, due to technological advances which seems to be far more destructive than the traditional one. No verdict or sentence has been handed down among FOKAHA in this regard due to the novelty of the field. Examining the spreading corruption on the earth through generalizing it to the proper circumstances, the authors arrive at the conclusion that internet perpetrators, who corrupt in the earth, are required to be subjected to Haad punishments if they are committed to disruption of public safety by attributing to Surah Al-Ma'idah [verse 33] and narratives about corruption on the earth as well as tanqih al-manat. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        557 - Lawful Nature of Dowry, its Relation with Perpetual Marriage in Family Right System of Islam
        amanollah alimoradi
        Dowry is the property that a man should pay after marriage contract to his wife. Since it is often costly that the man can’t pay it or he doesn’t want to pay it, its degree must be rational and according to the man’s property In this case, the man can pay it. Oth More
        Dowry is the property that a man should pay after marriage contract to his wife. Since it is often costly that the man can’t pay it or he doesn’t want to pay it, its degree must be rational and according to the man’s property In this case, the man can pay it. Otherwise, the man may be imprisoned if he can not pay it. One of the factors for determining costly dowry is lack of true viewpoint about the nature and role of dowry. In the present article, the author explains it completely. Based on judicial sources, dowry can't prevent divorce. In fact, it is legal present with spiritual purposes for wife respect. Based on Islamic religion, dowry should be for marriage easiness and life relief. But in the present time, the exact meaning of dowry is forgotten. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        558 - Examining the objections of the rule of multiple punishments regarding the deputy and the director of crime in fifth and sixth degree criminal offenses from the perspective of legislative policy and rules of criminal law
        SEYYED MOHAMMAD SADEGH HOSSEYNI Jalalaldin GHasi
        10.22034/ijrj.2022.691890
        Multiplicity of crimes is one of the aggravated factors for punishment. In the Islamic Penal Code passed in 2013, has intensified the punishment of the person who committed several first to sixth degree crimes that its result is the execution of the most severe punishme More
        Multiplicity of crimes is one of the aggravated factors for punishment. In the Islamic Penal Code passed in 2013, has intensified the punishment of the person who committed several first to sixth degree crimes that its result is the execution of the most severe punishment from numerous convictions. On the other hand, the legislator did not predict intensification of punishment in seventh- and eighth-degree crimes and predict the rule of summation of punishments in the both degrees. Also, the punishment of accessary in one to two degrees lower than the punishment for the committed crime. If a person assists in two or more fifth- or lower-degrees crimes, his punishment increase from the main perpetrator. So, the purpose of this article is checking the objectives that the punishment of accessary is more severe than the main perpetrator. In this article at first, we investigate the articles about multiplicity of crimes and assistance in crime and different assumptions in the degrees of custodial crimes. Also, we explore the consultative theories in this issue. At the end the result is when check the procedural unity votes and consultative theories that have common criteria with this issue and according to priority analogy, we conclude that the punishment of the crime assistant cannot be more intense than the main perpetrator. Also, the justice and fairness confirm the theory. However, there is legal objection in this context and the only solution is correction of related articles in the Islamic Penal Code. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        559 - Disqualification of a Public Authority Based on the Authority of a Unit News
        vahid lavasani Abbasali Salehi
        10.22034/ijrj.2021.682415
        The unit news is considered as one of the suspicions of two directions for proving the proof and the realm of authenticity. Some, referring to the appearance of some quranic verses, consider following the unit news as the case for following the opinions of the quran whi More
        The unit news is considered as one of the suspicions of two directions for proving the proof and the realm of authenticity. Some, referring to the appearance of some quranic verses, consider following the unit news as the case for following the opinions of the quran which is subject to the quranic verses. Well - known rulers have restricted the credit range of the unit news of the issues should be made by binet, in which justice and multiplicity are conditions. One of the most important applications of the unit is the study of public jurisdiction. The main question of this research is whether the general competences of individuals by citation of the most important applications of the unit is the study of public competencies. The main question of this research is whether the general competences of individuals are denied by the unit news? Research in the main sources and also on the basis of field research has been done, from the viewpoint of experts in the process of selection and implementation of qualifications, news of the unit lacks value and validity, but some of them consider the time and position required for the candidate.&nbsp; According to the conditions and characteristics of the narrator or the sources of research, they consider it as a symmetric and more investigation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        560 - Study of Fluorene Phenanthrene and Anthracene petroleum hydrocarbons in economic fish wetland Anzali
        M. Seifzadeh A. Valipour A. khanipour
        Petroleum hydrocarbons are among the routine chemical pollutants in industrial areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in six commercial fish species consisting of common Carp, Pike, Caras, Sefid fish, Tinca tinca and Catf More
        Petroleum hydrocarbons are among the routine chemical pollutants in industrial areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in six commercial fish species consisting of common Carp, Pike, Caras, Sefid fish, Tinca tinca and Catfish in stations of Anzali wetland. For this purpose, Anthracene, Fluorene and Phenanthrene PAHs measured by Gas Chromatography with a detector (GC-FID). Ten numbers were studied from each fish type including Catfish, Karas, and Pik from the central and East stations, Carp fish from the west and central stations and Sefid fish from the central station (with any Fluorene contamination). Phenanthrene and Fluorene concentration among the west, east, and central stations showed difference significant (p&lt;0.05). Anthracene was observed in Pike, Catfish, Tinca tinca of the central and east stations, Carp fish of the central station, Sefid fish of the west and east stations and Caras of the central and west stations. Based on the results, Carp fish of east station and Pike fish of the west station in terms of contamination to Fluorene and Carp fish of the east and west stations and pike and Tinca tinca of the west stations were not suitable for human consumption based on the WHO measures. Moreover, according to the the WHO rules (No. 48568, 73338 and 31581), Tinca tinca of the central and west stations, Karas of the west and east stations, Catfish of the west, east and central, Sefid fish of the central stations and Carp fish of the central and east of wetland in terms of contamination to Phenanthrene were found unsuitable for human consumption. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        561 - Histopathology of peste des petits ruminants in goats and sheep of Sistan region
        Yasaman Derakhshan Seyedeh Aida Davari Ali sarani
        10.30495/jvcp.2019.669350
        Peste-des-petits ruminants, is an important viral contagious disease of sheep and goat. Considering the importance of PPR in Sistan region, its economic losses as a consequence of mortality and treatment expenses, the high consumption of animal meat in the traditional w More
        Peste-des-petits ruminants, is an important viral contagious disease of sheep and goat. Considering the importance of PPR in Sistan region, its economic losses as a consequence of mortality and treatment expenses, the high consumption of animal meat in the traditional way of slaughter in this area and lack of adequate supervision on animal health, the present study was conducted with the aim of histopathological investigation of this disease in sheep and goats of Sistan region. Tissue specimens from mouth, lungs, intestines and lymph nodes of 30 cases from suspected flocks were collected and after tissue processing were microscopically examined. In microscopic investigation, lesions were observed in 9 specimens. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and Kappa test. The incidence of infection in sheep and goats was 33.25% and 38/88% respectively and significant association was observed between species and lesions such as multinucleated inflammatory cells accumulation and syncytial cells formation (p &lt; /em&gt;&lt;0.05). Also, the infection rates in ruminants less than and more than two years old were 35.18% and 22.8%, respectively and significant statistical relationship was found between the age and the severity of mononuclear inflammatory cells accumulation (p &lt; /em&gt;&lt;0.05). The contamination rates in males and females were 49.98% and 12.5%, respectively and significant statistical association was found between the sex and the incidence of lesions like multinucleated inflammatory cells accumulation, syncytial cells and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (p &lt; /em&gt;&lt;0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that there is a higher incidence of PPR occurrence in Sistan region in goats less than two years old with much severe pathologic lesions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        562 - Cloning of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis hsp70 gene into pET-24a plasmid and its expression in Escherichia coli
        Rasa Sheini mehrabzade Masoudreza Siefi abad shapori Masoud Ghorbanpoor Darush Gharibi
        10.30495/jvcp.2022.1954420.1362
        Johne's disease (Paratuberculosis) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) which is a chronic and progressive infection that chiefly affects ruminants. The disease can lead to significant economic losses in the livestock industry and may also b More
        Johne's disease (Paratuberculosis) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) which is a chronic and progressive infection that chiefly affects ruminants. The disease can lead to significant economic losses in the livestock industry and may also be a threat for public health; because it may be transmitted to humans through consumption of milk and other contaminated animal products. Immunity and resistance against the Johne's disease is mainly due to cell mediated immune response. Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) of this bacterium is one of its important proteins, which the immune response against it can prevent the fecal excretion of bacteria. In order to facilitate the production of recombinant vaccine against Johne's disease, in this study the recombinant HSP (recombinant HSP; rHSP) was produced and its immunogenicity investigated in rabbits. For this purpose, the hsp70 gene was cloned into pET-24a plasmid and the resulting recombinant plasmid was transferred to E. coli strain BL21. The expression of the above protein was checked by SDS-PAGE and the accuracy of the nucleotide sequence was confirmed by sequencing. Immunization of rabbits by rHSP70 resulted in the production of high levels of antibodies. Based on the findings, it seems that the HSP70 specific antibody can be evaluated in the design of diagnostic methods of the disease and the produced recombinant protein can be assessed for the production of recombinant vaccines. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        563 - Survey of Ergosan additive effects on gain weight, perpetuity rate and food conversion index in Rainbow trout
        Sh Notash حمید Mirzaei سعید Sadigh Eteghad
        &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Evaluation of the effect of Ergosan additive on growth rate, feed conversion index and survival rate of 1gr Rainbow trout hatchlings. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of consumption of Ergosan additive on production indices More
        &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Evaluation of the effect of Ergosan additive on growth rate, feed conversion index and survival rate of 1gr Rainbow trout hatchlings. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of consumption of Ergosan additive on production indices of 1gr Rainbow trouts namely growth rate, feed conversion index and survival rate. Thus the effect of this additive was investigated by selecting five experimental groups (one control and four treatment groups) each consisting of 1500 fish with a weight of 1gram reared in exactly identical conditions. The treatment groups were fed 1, 2, 3 and 4 kg/ton of Ergosan with their diet for 60 days and the data were then analyzed. According to the results, Ergsan had the best effect on the production indices of the third treatment group (3 kg/ton) (p&lt;0.05) and the least production indices were seen in the control group. Consequently, Ergosan additive at the rate of 3kg/ton for 2 months with an interval of 10 days can be included in the diet of Rainbow trouts with the body weight of 1 gram reared at the temperature of 12 &plusmn; 0.5 degrees Celsius. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        564 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training and Interpersonal Skills Training on the Psychosocial Competence of Students of Urmia Girls' Technical and Vocational School
        sahar esmaeili Ali Naghi Agdasi Amir Panahali
        10.30495/jinev.2020.675608
        The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation training and interpersonal skills training on psychosocial competence of Urmia girls' vocational and technical school students. The present study is a quasi-experimental one considering its More
        The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation training and interpersonal skills training on psychosocial competence of Urmia girls' vocational and technical school students. The present study is a quasi-experimental one considering its nature. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students of Urmia Technical School for undergraduate and undergraduate students in the academic year 1396-97. 90 students were selected as sample in three groups: Experiment 1, Experiment 2 and Control. Experimental groups 1 and 2 were trained for 16 60-minute sessions and the control group received no intervention. The psychosocial competence questionnaire (SECQ) was administered between the two experimental groups and one control group. Multivariate covariance test was performed. The findings showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of emotion regulation and interpersonal communication skills training on the level of psychosocial competence and its components (self-awareness, social awareness, self-management, responsible decision making, communication skills) of students ( P &lt;0.05) and the mean scores of effectiveness of emotion regulation training were more than communication skills training on the level of psychosocial competence and its components Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        565 - Designing and Validating a Questionnaire of Competency Model of Educational Administrators of Executive Organizations of East Azerbaijan Province
        alireza rajebi sadegh maleki avarsin Zarrin Daneshvar
        10.30495/jinev.2020.1884720.2073
        The purpose of this study is to design and validate a questionnaire on the competency model of educational administrators of executive organizations. The research method was descriptive which was conducted in two phases of design and validity and reliability of the ques More
        The purpose of this study is to design and validate a questionnaire on the competency model of educational administrators of executive organizations. The research method was descriptive which was conducted in two phases of design and validity and reliability of the questionnaire in 2019. CVR and CVI coefficients were used to evaluate the content validity. According to the obtained CVRs, out of 115 indicators, 21 were removed and 94 were selected to continue the study. Also, its reliability was determined using the method of calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-cluster correlation index. In the present study, the content validity index was 0.736 which is an acceptable number for this questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also 0.979 the intra-cluster correlation index was 0.997, which indicates the stability of reliability and high reproducibility of the questionnaire. Based on the results of the questionnaire 94 approved indicators in three main categories related to technical-professional competencies (including subcategories of skills: training needs assessment, educational planning, training implementation, training effectiveness evaluation, educational leadership and knowledge management ability), General competencies (including subcategories of competencies: individual, personality and morality and intelligence) and managerial competencies (including subcategories: organizational commitment, goal orientation, responsibility, team building, communication skills, analytical thinking, strategic thinking, flexibility Acceptability, foresight, creative thinking and systemic thinking) were divided. All of them have good validity and reliability for examining the competencies of the educational directors of the executive organizations of East Azerbaijan province Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        566 - A Comprehensive Model of Knowledge Management Audit in Ministry of Petroleum
        Ataollah Jaberansari abbas khorshidi Alireza Araghieh ali akbar khosravi saied moradi
        10.30495/jinev.2021.1912956.2319
        The present study was conducted by presenting a knowledge management audit model in the Ministry of Oil of Iran. which in terms of practical objectives and in terms of data, exploratory mix (qualitative-quantitative) and in terms of type of study in qualitative dimensio More
        The present study was conducted by presenting a knowledge management audit model in the Ministry of Oil of Iran. which in terms of practical objectives and in terms of data, exploratory mix (qualitative-quantitative) and in terms of type of study in qualitative dimension, self-emergence data and quantitatively, cross-sectional survey Is. The qualitative population of the study included experts in the field of education, including university professors and senior managers of the Ministry of Petroleum. The sample size consisted of the staff of the staff based on stratified random sampling method and Morgan table of 324 people (163 females and 161 males). In this study, two types of semi-structured interview tools and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect the necessary data and information. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.90. Qualitative data analysis was performed with the help of open, pivotal and selective coding through interviews, Delphi technique, and brainstorming in 5 dimensions (career goals, coach, environment, student, content, management), 13 components and 80 indicators in the dimension. Qualitative was finalized for the knowledge management audit model and then quantitatively analyzed in two parts: 1- Data description 2- Data analysis. The research findings confirm that the implementation of knowledge management processes in the Ministry of Petroleum, like other organizations without a specific and dynamic knowledge management audit model, will be doomed to failure. The model was calculated and presented by examining the dimensions, components and indicators of knowledge management auditing. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        567 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Social-Emotional Competence Questionnaire and its Relationship with Academic Buoyancy in Iranian Middle School Students
        kamyar azemi Manijeh Shehni Yailagh Mehrdad Khoshnamvand
        10.30495/jinev.2021.1908790.2272
        The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of&nbsp;social-emotional competence questionnaire and determine its relationship with academic buoyancy in Iranian students. In the present study, confirmatory factor analysis, i More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of&nbsp;social-emotional competence questionnaire and determine its relationship with academic buoyancy in Iranian students. In the present study, confirmatory factor analysis, item-total correlation, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis and multivariate analysis of variance with a sample of 348 middle school students in Ahvaz (196 girls and 152 boys) which were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The results findings of confirmatory factor analysis showed a model with a good fit for the five-factor structure of the social-emotional competence questionnaire. In addition, the findings indicated that the questionnaire had high internal consistency reliability. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between social-emotional competence and academic buoyancy. Finally, the results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a statistically significant difference between girls and boys in the dimensions of the social-emotional competence questionnaire. These findings suggest that the Persian version of the social-emotional competence questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing social-emotional competence in the population of Iranian middle school students. Practical implications, limitations, and future research needs for professionals, researchers, teachers at the classroom and school level are discussed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        568 - Modeling the Structural Relationships of Cognitive Abilities with Academic Achievement by Mediating the Role of Perceived Competence in High School Students
        arezoo abazari Nabi-Ollah Akbarnetaj- Shoob Jamal Sadeghi
        10.30495/jinev.2023.1971005.2787
        The purpose of this research was modeling the structural relationships of cognitive abilities with academic achievement through mediation of the role of perceived competence in high school students. The method was descriptive, correlational type based on the structural More
        The purpose of this research was modeling the structural relationships of cognitive abilities with academic achievement through mediation of the role of perceived competence in high school students. The method was descriptive, correlational type based on the structural equations. The statistical population consisted all 1361 male state school students of junior high, ninth grade of Babol in the academic year of 400-401. To choose the sample size based on the number of observed variables and allocating a coefficient of 15 to each observed variable (16 in the model), and taking the possibility of incomplete questionnaires into account, 250 people were taken as the sample size by two-step-clustering method. In order to collect the data, the educational achievement questionnaires by Pham and Taylor, cognitive abilities by Nejati, perceived competence by Harter, were used. The construct validity of the instruments was confirmed and their reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient test and composite reliability, which was statistically confirmed. In order to analyze the data, structural regression equations were used in SPSS-25 and AMOS-23 software. The findings showed that there is a relationship between cognitive abilities and academic progress in junior high school students. Also, cognitive abilities have a significant effect on academic achievement through the mediation of perceived competence in junior high school students. Generally, cognitive abilities can predict .46 of academic progress through the mediation of perceived competence in high school students Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        569 - Presenting a model for rectors’ selection in Islamic Azad university branches based on Fuzzy logic
        Mostafa Ejtehadi Ali Reza Bafandeh Zendeh Nader Gholi Ghourchian Parivash Jafari Behnam Talebi
        This research has been carried out to present a model for selecting rectors in Islamic Azad university branches regarding the important managerial competencies and based on fuzzy Logic. The primary research framework has been compiled through the study of theoretical ba More
        This research has been carried out to present a model for selecting rectors in Islamic Azad university branches regarding the important managerial competencies and based on fuzzy Logic. The primary research framework has been compiled through the study of theoretical bases and implemented research. In order to present the model and identify the components of the optimal managerial competencies and gathering tha data, questionnaires were used. The statistical population include 209 people, using Morgan&rsquo;n table and adjasted formula 100 people were chosen as the sample size, out of which 71 managers returned the questionnaires. The method of sampling was ratio stratified random sampling. The data were analyzed through paired comparisons based on AHP. So according to the final data from questionnaires the components of the optimal managerial competencies in Islamic Azad university branches were identified. All studied competencies are necessary, but have different shares. In the selection process 13 important competencies were considered. The results showed the importance of strategic orientation, occupational credibility, communications, human resources and financial management that verifies more than 70% of required management competencies in branches. The maladjustment rate of the model was less than 1% so paired comparisons and obtained results were reliable Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        570 - Effectiveness of Puppet Show on Preschools' Social Skills and Creativity in Maragheh City
        Masoumeh Rezaee Seyyed Davoud Hosseini-nasab
        This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of puppet show on preschools' social skills and creativity in Maragheh city. The research method of the current study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of this s More
        This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of puppet show on preschools' social skills and creativity in Maragheh city. The research method of the current study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of this study included all preschoolers of Maragheh. The statistical sample of the current study included two preschools of Maragheh which were randomly chosen and assigned as the experimental and control groups. Puppet show was performed for eight one-hour sessions by a show expert instructor for the experimental group per a week. The instruments included Gresham and Elliott's social skills grading scale and Torrance creativity test. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that puppet show was effective on preschoolers, social skill levels (including cooperation assertiveness, self-control and behavioral skills) (p&lt;0/05). Moreover, according to the results, puppet show was effective on the preschoolers, creativity (development, innovation, initiative and fluency) in Maragheh (p&lt;.05). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        571 - The Role of Teachersʼ Professional Competencies in Predicting Mathematical Achievement of Students in Rregular and Special Schools
        Hossein Motahhari Nejad Fardad Fatehi Chenar
        The aim of this research was to determine the role of teachersʼ professional competencies predicting mathematical achievement of students in regular and special schools. To this end, a sample consisting of 363 boy students of high schools in Rafsanjan (210 from regular More
        The aim of this research was to determine the role of teachersʼ professional competencies predicting mathematical achievement of students in regular and special schools. To this end, a sample consisting of 363 boy students of high schools in Rafsanjan (210 from regular schools and 153 from special schools) were selected. To measure the academic achievement of the students, their math scores were used and to determine the professional competencies of math teachers, a questionnaire was used. After exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire, three factors including competencies of cognitive, affective and skill were identified. The Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha coefficients for the fundamental factors were found to be 0.88, 0.87 and 0.83, respectively. The results of the convergent and discriminant validities showed that the questionnaire had sufficiently good validity. Then, math teachers&rsquo; professional competencies from the students' point of view were prioritized. The results showed that between competencies of cognitive, affective and skill of math teachers and mathematical achievement of the students there was a positive relationship and that its amount in special schools was more than regular schools. It was found that skill competencies of teachers in regular schools and affective competencies of teachers in special schools can be predictors of the studentsʼ mathematical achievement. Finally, the importances of professional competencies in the process of training, attraction and performance appraisal of math teachers were emphasized. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        572 - Effectiveness of Program Based on Successfulness on Social Competence and Academic Achievement of Adolescent Girls in City of Mashhad
        Farzane Amani Morteza Monadi Mahnaz Akhavan Tafti
        This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of program based on successfulness on academic achievement and social competence of adolescent girls in city of Mashhad. The interventional program was including two package: &ldquo;Promoting of successful strategies&r More
        This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of program based on successfulness on academic achievement and social competence of adolescent girls in city of Mashhad. The interventional program was including two package: &ldquo;Promoting of successful strategies&rdquo; and &ldquo;Strengthening parents program&rdquo;. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the research included all of girl high school students in grade 10 of Mashhad in school year 2017-18. From among them 45 students randomly were selected by multi stage cluster random sampling method and randomly assigned in two experimental and one control groups. All participants answered the flener social competence questionnaire in pre and post test and also academic achievement was measured using students grade average in before and after intervention. Finally, the data were analysed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results from this study demonstrated that the training of program could be effective in improving academic achievement and social competence of the students. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        573 - Investigating the Effect of Sex Education on Enhancing Parents’ Sexual Knowledge and their Sense of Competence
        Khosro Rashid Maryam Hosseini Nazarlou
        The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of sex education on enhancing parents&rsquo; sexual knowledge and their sense of competence. The statistical population of this qusoi-exerimental study included all parents in Urmia among whom 30 paris were rand More
        The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of sex education on enhancing parents&rsquo; sexual knowledge and their sense of competence. The statistical population of this qusoi-exerimental study included all parents in Urmia among whom 30 paris were randomly chosen, 15 pairs in the experimental group and 15 paris in the control group. The experimental group recived child sexual training whereas the control group did not receive any training. &nbsp;To measure the research variables, a researcher-made questionnaire about parents&rsquo; sex education and Ohan and Johnston&rsquo;s Parenting Sense of Competence scale were used. To analyze the data, the mean and standard deviation were calcutaled and covsriance analysis was conducted. The results showed that the mean of the parents&rsquo; knoeledge and sence of competence increased after the training in the experimental group but not in the control group. Hence, it can be concluded that educational mediation through sex education can enhancs parents&rsquo; knoeledge about child sexual training and their sense of competence Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        574 - Providing Exclusive Competency Model for University Faculty Members
        Manouchehr Karimi Seyedaliakbar Ahmadi
        10.30495/jinev.2021.683374
        The present research was accomplished to present a model for the exclusive competency among the university faculty members. The research is of applied nature using the descriptive-survey method. To determine the nature of the exclusive competency among the university fa More
        The present research was accomplished to present a model for the exclusive competency among the university faculty members. The research is of applied nature using the descriptive-survey method. To determine the nature of the exclusive competency among the university faculty members, the research used inductive content analysis by using 390 coded samples. Coding and stratifying of the samples were carried out in three phases, 69 main criteria having 12 components and 3 dimensions were defined and based on three-phased Delphi technique, 34 informed scientific and executive professors were selected. The criteria were evaluated by these samples and finally, 61 criteria, 6 elements and 2 dimensions with either slight or complete changes were determined. A questionnaire was extracted from the results and distributed among the university faculty members as well as managers and experts in the university education and a total of 108 analyzable questionnaires were obtained. The final research model was quantitatively assessed through confirmatory factor analysis and redundancy tests. The goodness-of-fit criterion for the final model was 0.683, which is regarded as a good value. In the final model, group, organizational and individual dimensions had factor loadings ​​of 0.942, 0.880 and 0.820, respectively, and all three coefficients were statistically significant. However, the group dimension was more important than the other two dimensions and the organizational dimension was the second most important. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        575 - Techniques to Enhance the Competencies of Department Heads
        mojgan derakhshan Khalil Zandi
        The purpose of this study was examining the techniques to enhance the competencies of department heads. The statistical population included all students (N: 15724) and faculty members (N: 239) of Islamic Azad University of Kerman, and also experts in management. The res More
        The purpose of this study was examining the techniques to enhance the competencies of department heads. The statistical population included all students (N: 15724) and faculty members (N: 239) of Islamic Azad University of Kerman, and also experts in management. The research method was mixed. The study comprised of three parts: 1) analyzing the gap between current and ideal status of department heads competencies; 2) Competencies prioritizing; 3) Identifing and prioritizing techniques for enhancing the competencies. In the first part, the sampling method was stratified random sampling and the data collection instrument was the questionnaire of current and ideal status of competencies. In the second part, the sampling method was purposeful and the data collection instrument was the questionnaire of competencies paired comparisons. In the third part, the sampling method was purposeful and the data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and questionnaires of Quality Function Deployment. The data were analyzed by Paired Samples T-Test, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Content Analysis and Home of Quality Matrix. The findings indicate a significant gap between the current and ideal status of department heads competencies. The findings also identified and prioritized 69 techniques to promote the competencies of department heads. In the end, the results were discussed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        576 - The Effect of Task-based Language Teaching on EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension
        Reza Kalantari Mahnaz Saeidi
        The ability to read in a second language is one of the most important skills required of people in multilingual and international settings. The main Purpose for reading can include reading for comprehension. Emphasis on reading ability of foreign language learners has c More
        The ability to read in a second language is one of the most important skills required of people in multilingual and international settings. The main Purpose for reading can include reading for comprehension. Emphasis on reading ability of foreign language learners has come to be one of the most important methodological topics in the field of English to speakers of other languages, because it is considered a significant tool in leaning all academic subjects. One of the major problems is Iranian students' unwillingness in involving with reading texts, while most of the English textbooks are reading based in Iran. Reading classes seem boring for students. This is due to teachers' unawareness of making language classes meaningful and therefore enjoyable for students. Task-based language teaching is an effective methodology for improving learners' linguistic and communicative competence. This study has investigated the effect of task-based activities on EFL learners' reading comprehension. In order to accomplish the research, 60 students were chosen from a private Institute. A pre-test including 60 TOFLE questions was given to the participants. According to the pre-test, the participants were divided into two groups, namely experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught according to the elements of task-based learning but the control group didn't receive such treatment. After 15 sessions a post test was given. Through the analysis of the obtained data, t-test, it was found that there were significant differences between control and experimental group on dependant variable, reading comprehension.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        577 - Exploration of Human Resource Development in Research Institute of Petroleum Industry: The Fuzzy Dematel Technique
        ebrahim rajabpour Jahanshah Chartab Moghadam Mehdi Afkhami Ardakani Mehdi Hashemi
        10.30495/qjopm.2020.1869453.2479
        This qualitative, applied and descriptive study was undertaken at the Research Institute of Petroleum Industry to identify critical factors affecting human resource development and to offer a model by applying Fuzzy Dematel technique. Initially, through extensive review More
        This qualitative, applied and descriptive study was undertaken at the Research Institute of Petroleum Industry to identify critical factors affecting human resource development and to offer a model by applying Fuzzy Dematel technique. Initially, through extensive review of existing literature on human resource development and interview with a purposeful sample of 13 experts in the field of petroleum industry research, 24 influenceing factors were identified on human resource development. Next, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed, as the data collection instrument, comprising seven of the most recurring factors. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts at the organization and university professors. An internal consistency correlation coefficient of 0.87 was found suggesting that the reliability of the device was acceptably high. The results of the statistical analyses indicated that, among the identified human resource development factors, Training and Organizational Structure were the main barriers to the development of human resources while Leadership Style, Organizational Culture, Strategy and Knowledge Management were effective factors to overcome the obstacles in the way of human resource development. Technology was also found as an independent variable influencing the human resources development in Research Institute of Petroleum Industry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        578 - Designing a Competency Assessment Model for Information Technology Professionals Using the Fuzzy Expert System Approach
        Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard Mohammad Javad Jalili Mirali Seyednaghavi Iman Raeesi Vanani
        10.30495/qjopm.2019.669744
        Possessing appropriate human resources is undoubtedly the most important organizational competitive advantage in today's state of flux governing the world. That&rsquo;s why organizational success is reliant on human resource development which is viable in various compan More
        Possessing appropriate human resources is undoubtedly the most important organizational competitive advantage in today's state of flux governing the world. That&rsquo;s why organizational success is reliant on human resource development which is viable in various companies and countries merely through identifying and understanding the capabilities and competencies of the enormous potential of human resources. Competency plays a key role in IT professionals&rsquo; performance as well as their success and efficiency. Thus, the present study aimed at designing a model for assessing the IT professionals&rsquo; competency based on the fuzzy expert system approach. This exploratory two-phase mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) research commenced with a qualitative analysis by reviewing the literature and interviewing experts to design the assessment model which was further subject to quantitative scrutiny in the second phase. The research sample comprised 15 hospital IT professionals who completed the questionnaire that was employed as the data collection instrument to glean the research data that were further analyzed through Excel, SPSS and Matlab software programs. The results of the qualitative and quantitative analyses pointed out four main indicators that were next prioritized with regard to their role in the degree of professionals&rsquo; competency using the process of fuzzy hierarchical analysis. The if-then database was completed and Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System was used to determine the exact competency level of IT professionals which was found to be high with an accurately equal to 0.712. Validation of the model verified compatibility of the results with the views of experts in the field. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        579 - Toward a Typology of Project Strategy based on Business Environment Contingency Variable in Projects of Petrochemical Industry of Iran
        Hani Arbabi mohammad hossein sobhiyah Hasan Danaeefard
        10.30495/qjopm.2019.669187
        In order to achieve higher performance in organizations, the need for alignment of strategy with contingency variables like Structure and Environment is necessary. Petrochemical Projects in Iran have faced a violent business environment as a result of the Sanctions, cha More
        In order to achieve higher performance in organizations, the need for alignment of strategy with contingency variables like Structure and Environment is necessary. Petrochemical Projects in Iran have faced a violent business environment as a result of the Sanctions, change in oil price, exchange rate, and input price of plants. Based on the contingency theory, in order to achieve better performance results in projects as contemporary organizations, it is necessary to consider Business Environment in formulation of project strategy. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to present the typology of the project strategy based on Business Environment contingency variable influencing the Iranian petrochemical Projects. By reviewing literature we provide a conceptual model as our first-order construct. Using cases study research; we chose to employ qualitative method for improving the model. The case data of 10 projects was selected from the petrochemical Projects. Qualitative data analysis was used for data analysis. In addition to interview, multifaceted data collection including document investigating and questionnaire was also considered. Regard to selecting the Miles and Snow business strategies as baseline of the project strategy, project strategy typologies was plotted in a two-dimensional matrix in terms of fundamental/gradual environmental changes and internal/external project focus. These typologies were redefined for project level through interviews results. Finding suggests that Business Environment difference of projects caused different projects Strategies that required different entrepreneurial, engineering and administrative capabilities to manage projects. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        580 - The Effects of Knowledge Management Dimensions on Organizational Productivity: The Case of Tabriz Petrochemical Company
        Naser Seifollahi
        10.30495/qjopm.2020.579815.2281
        This descriptive correlational study was undertaken with the purpose of examining the effect of knowledge management dimensions on organizational productivity. The research population comprised all employees at Tabriz Petrochemical Company who, according to existing fig More
        This descriptive correlational study was undertaken with the purpose of examining the effect of knowledge management dimensions on organizational productivity. The research population comprised all employees at Tabriz Petrochemical Company who, according to existing figures, included 2,400 people in 2017. Based on Kukran formula, a sample of 331 employees was selected as the research participants. The research data were collected via two questionnaires and analyzed through inferential statistics, correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis. The findings revealed that knowledge management dimensions including knowledge acquisition, storage, sharing and application had a positive and significant effect on organizational productivity in Tabriz Petrochemical Company. The coefficient of determination in the fitted model was found to be 0.8, indicated that the company&rsquo;s organizational productivity, as the dependent variable, was significantly impacted not only by the knowledge management dimensions but also by the overall knowledge management. The findings emerging from this study urges the companies to take knowledge management into account as a means of enhancing productivity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        581 - Modeling the Impact of Raw Materials Suppliers Competition on Procurement Costs in the Green Closed Loop Supply Chain
        saeed saljooghi Ramin Sadeghian
        10.30495/qjopm.2020.1896080.2807
        Nowaday, competition affects all processes of production and supply of products, so that most manufacturers and suppliers of materials can not have a market share if they do not think about increasing quality and reducing prices, so in this article the effect of competi More
        Nowaday, competition affects all processes of production and supply of products, so that most manufacturers and suppliers of materials can not have a market share if they do not think about increasing quality and reducing prices, so in this article the effect of competition of raw material suppliers on supply and procurement costs Materials for manufacturers in a multi-product supply chain Green closed loop is examined. First, competitive modeling in the supply process between raw material suppliers in different groups is done by estimating the demand for each of the chain products and setting the demand quantity parameters of each product. And the rate of return flow in the competitive model using the principles of game theory to find the equilibrium point of competition among each group of chain suppliers. Then by solving the model of changes in the cost of supply and goods for manufacturers and suppliers of chain raw materials in two cases The existence of competition and its absence are compared and decisions are made Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        582 - The Impact of LARG Competitive Strategies on Supply Chain Sustainability: The Case of Boushehr Cement Industries
        Mohammad Safari Gholamreza Jamali Belghis Bavarsad
        10.30495/qjopm.2021.1867208.2435
        A formidable challenge facing cement industries in Boushehr Province is the management of supply chain sustainability in a way to promote its overall performance and productivity. The present study aimed to scrutinize the impact of LARG &nbsp;competitive strategies on t More
        A formidable challenge facing cement industries in Boushehr Province is the management of supply chain sustainability in a way to promote its overall performance and productivity. The present study aimed to scrutinize the impact of LARG &nbsp;competitive strategies on this supply chain sustainability and prioritize them. Initially, the conceptual model of the study was developed through an extensive literature review and identification of prerequisite LARG competitive strategies including tolerance, purity, agility and greenness alongside economic, social and environmental responsibility dimensions of sustainability. The research population comprised 220 employees and managers at Boushehr cement industries out of whom a sample of 140 was randomly recruited based on Cochran formula. The research data were collected using two questionnaires and were analyzed via Factor Analysis. The findings verified the significant and positive impact of all LARG competitive strategies on supply chain sustainability of the cement industries in Bushehr. The findings accentuate the fact that managers in Boushehr cement industries should take into account appropriate risk management strategies to thrive under competitive conditions. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        583 - Designing A Model to Investigate the Relationship among Organizational Capabilities, Competitive Advantage and New Product Performance: The Case of Food Corporations in Mashhad
        Ebrahim Roushan Ghias Reza Sepahvand Abdolkhalegh Chenarestan Oulia ali pirzad
        10.30495/qjopm.2021.569361.2114
        All thriving organizations constantly strive to raise their performance standards. What may enhance any company&rsquo;s competitive advantage is a set of capabilities including marketing, innovation and research and development capabilities. The present inquiry was an a More
        All thriving organizations constantly strive to raise their performance standards. What may enhance any company&rsquo;s competitive advantage is a set of capabilities including marketing, innovation and research and development capabilities. The present inquiry was an attempt to design a model to scrutinize the extent to which organizational capabilities, competitive advantage and new product performance may correlate. To this end, a questionnaire was distributed among 105 managers of food companies in Mashhad, Iran, and the collected data were analyzed via AMOS and SPSS softwares. The research findings indicated a significant relationship between organizational capabilities, including marketing capability, innovation capability, research and development capability, and competitive advantage components of product and product delivery speed. A significant relationship was also found between competitive advantage indicators like financial and consumer-oriented performances and components of product performance.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        584 - Presenting a Conceptual Model Delineating the Effect of Production and Operations Strategies on Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Iranian Automotive Industry: The Case of Tehran Automobile Manufacturing Companies
        Ali Mohaghar Ezzatollah Asgharizadeh Seyyed Hassan Ghodsypour Amir Samarrokhi
        10.30495/qjopm.2021.1882539.2680
        The aim of the current quantitative applied research was to design a model for the investigation of the extent to which automobile production strategies may impact domestic manufacturers&rsquo; sustainable competitive advantage. The research data were collected through More
        The aim of the current quantitative applied research was to design a model for the investigation of the extent to which automobile production strategies may impact domestic manufacturers&rsquo; sustainable competitive advantage. The research data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire whose construct and content validity had been confirmed and its reliability had been verified through Cronbach alpha. The research population comprised senior managers of automobile manufacturing companies located in Tehran, Iran from whom a random sample was selected. The data obtained from 384 completed questionnaires were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling to find out the relationship among various factors of the model and the Variance-Covariance analysis. The findings emerging from the study revealed that the latent variable of sustainable competitive advantage was delineated by cost, quality, diversity, and flexibility; and that the latent variable of domestic automobile manufacturers&rsquo; production and operations strategies were delineated by Kaizen strategies, enterprise resource planning, punctuality, and supply chain management models. Research findings bore on the significant positive effects of production and operations strategies on Iranian automotive industries sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        585 - A Productivity-Oriented Faculty Members Professional Credentials Enhancement Model: The Case of Tehran Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University
        Amir Teimourzadeh Afsaneh Zamanimoqadam Naser Mir Sepasi
        10.30495/qjopm.2020.1884789.2702
        This applied descriptive mixed-methods research set out to propose a productivity-oriented model to enhance professional credentials of faculty members at Tehran Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University. The research population comprised all faculty member More
        This applied descriptive mixed-methods research set out to propose a productivity-oriented model to enhance professional credentials of faculty members at Tehran Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University. The research population comprised all faculty members of the Science and Research Branch of the Azad University. Initially, the indicators of faculty members&rsquo; professional efficacy enhancement model were qualitatively specified via the Delphi technique. Having verified the content validity of the proposed questionnaire, it was subsequently piloted by distributing it among a larger sample and its reliability was confirmed through z test and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. The collected research data were analyzed using t and z tests, Structural Equational Modelling (SEM), Friedman, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Bartlett, KMO and factor analysis. The findings revealed that the participants had identified 6 types of educational, technological, research and specialized services credentials like individual and value, organizational and perceptual competencies, all of which were confirmed in the final model. Moreover, the findings underscored the unsatisfactory level of these credentials in both the existing and desirable situations and the need to improve them. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        586 - A Model of Corporate Social Responsibility in a Competitive Environment based on Improving Labor Productivity in Food Industry
        Vahide Hajihassani Hassan Rangriz Babak Hajikarimi
        10.30495/qjopm.2022.1941541.3233
        The present study on cooperate social responsibility(CSR) aimed at providing a model of CSR in food industry based on improving labor productivity. This qualitative research was an applied-exploratory one. To this end, 13 food industry experts were identified using targ More
        The present study on cooperate social responsibility(CSR) aimed at providing a model of CSR in food industry based on improving labor productivity. This qualitative research was an applied-exploratory one. To this end, 13 food industry experts were identified using targeted and snowball sampling methods and were interviewed. The data was gathered through in-depth interviews and analysed according to the grounded theory with the Strauss and Corbin &lsquo;s systematic approach. The results based on the grounded theory approach revealed that there were 161 open codes, 46 axial codes and 20 selective codes. According to the results of the study, the use of the model would result in improved customer experience, brand reputation and economic independence, which, in the current situation of the country that is under economic sanctions, is an effective factor in reducing Iran's dependence on other countries. Moreover, it was found that labour productivity can be improved through the cleanliness and neatness of the work environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        587 - A Model of Company Competitive Capabilities Considering Social Capital and Buyer-Supplier Relationship Risk: A Case Study of the Elevator and Escalator Industry
        Mohsen Hooshangi Abolfazl Kazazi Mohammad taghi Taghavifard Reza Kianimavi
        10.30495/qjopm.2021.1941543.3248
        The purpose of this study was to present a model of competitive capabilities considering social capital and buyer- supplier relationships. In terms of purpose, it is developmental-applied and in terms of nature, descriptive-analytical and regarding method, a mixed metho More
        The purpose of this study was to present a model of competitive capabilities considering social capital and buyer- supplier relationships. In terms of purpose, it is developmental-applied and in terms of nature, descriptive-analytical and regarding method, a mixed method study. The study population included the academic and industrial experts active in the elevator and escalator industry. To recruit the sample, purposeful and theoretical saturation sampling methods were used in which the researchers reached a saturation point after conducting 18 interviews. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were used to collect the data in the qualitative section and questionnaires were used for the quantitative section. To analyze the data, content analysis and interpretive structural equations were employed. The final obtained model reveals that the social capital variable has three comprehensive themes, 15 organizing themes and 49 basic themes, the buyer-supplier relationship risk has seven organizing themes and 28basic themes, and the competitive capabilities include nine organizing themes and 32 basic themes. Also, the results of the interpretive structural equation method show a six-level model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        588 - Designing an Impact Model of Market Orientation on the Productivity of Iranian Handmade Carpet Industry
        Mehrdad Azadi Seyyed Abbas Heidari VahidReza Mirabi
        10.30495/qjopm.2021.1920907.3065
        Handmade carpet industry is one of the most powerful internal industries which could not repeat the success it had in the past years at a global scale despite its high potential. One of the reasons can be lack of attention to productivity and the related affecting facto More
        Handmade carpet industry is one of the most powerful internal industries which could not repeat the success it had in the past years at a global scale despite its high potential. One of the reasons can be lack of attention to productivity and the related affecting factors. Therefore, in the current research, a model was presented to measure the impact of marketing on the productivity of carpet industry in Iran. The statistical population included two different parts of carpet industry experts (10 experts) and the managers at different levels of Iran National Carpet Center and the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade from among whom 203 ones were selected based on Cochran sampling formula. First, reviewing the theories and frameworks about market orientation and productivity and benefiting the views of handmade carpet industry experts, a preliminary model was extracted. Then, through continuously applying structural equation model in LISREL software environment, the extracted model was tested and finally, the impact of market orientation including customer orientation (customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and customer capital), market situation (rival orientation and market intelligence) and inter functional coordination (flexibility, knowledge sharing and cooperation) on productivity (including market effectiveness and market intensity) was proved. It was also found that the influence of customer orientation on productivity was more than other dimensions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        589 - Investigating the Effect of Intra-Organizational Characteristics on Competitive Advantage in Knowledge-Base Organizations Active in Lorestan Science and Technology Park: the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Marketing
        Leila Yarahmadi Mohsen Aref Nezhad Hojjat Vahdati
        10.30495/qjopm.2022.1957054.3358
        In today's complex environment, the success of organizations requires the acquisition of competitive advantage; the benefits of intra-organizational characteristics effectively determine the competitive success of an organization.&nbsp; Knowledge-based organizations, wh More
        In today's complex environment, the success of organizations requires the acquisition of competitive advantage; the benefits of intra-organizational characteristics effectively determine the competitive success of an organization.&nbsp; Knowledge-based organizations, which play an important role in generating wealth and added value in a society, must keep pace with emerging changes in the new environment of the organization and strive to gain a competitive advantage in this competitive environment.&nbsp; In the present study, the effect of intra-organizational characteristics on competitive advantage with the mediating role of entrepreneurial marketing in knowledge-based organizations active in Lorestan Science and Technology Park has been investigated.&nbsp; The research method in this study is descriptive-survey and applied. The intended population was 120 experts of knowledge-based organizations active in Lorestan Science and Technology Park from among whom 92 experts were recruited through random sampling based on Morgan Table.&nbsp; The data were collected using a standard questionnaire whose reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha and its combined reliability and validity were measured by convergent method.&nbsp; Structural equation modeling approach and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data.&nbsp; The results indicate that the characteristics within the organization (cooperation competence, administrative mechanism, organizational support, planning flexibility, planning time) both directly and indirectly, through entrepreneurial marketing, affect competitive advantage. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        590 - Evaluating the Agile Manufacturing in Small and Medium Industries of East Azarbaijan Province based on Agility Capabilities: A Fuzzy Topsis Method
        Soleyman Iranzadeh Vahid Fattahi Sarand Abdolvahid Tahoni
        The new era of high-speed global economy has caused companies to change operational strategies. In this era, competitive prices and high quality are essential, but not the determinant factors of commercial success; rather, the speed and flexibility to respond quickly to More
        The new era of high-speed global economy has caused companies to change operational strategies. In this era, competitive prices and high quality are essential, but not the determinant factors of commercial success; rather, the speed and flexibility to respond quickly to market and customer is regarded as a fundamental principle. Thus, the importance of speed ​​and agility has increased and replaced previous competitive priorities; therefore, this paper evaluates agile manufacturing in small and medium industries of East Azarbaijan Province based on agility capabilities. The population of the study consists of all small and medium-sized firms of East Azarbaijan province. The sample was set 610 companies using the equation of determining the sample size of limited socities. In order to collect data in this study, a researcher made questionnaire was used, which was distributed among the subjects after testing its validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data in the study, fuzzy TOPSIS method was used. The results showed that most groups of small and medium industries based on the agile manufacturing capabilities have a considerable distance from agile manufacturing. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        591 - Investigating the Condition of Organizational Agility in Public Organizations of Kerman
        amin nikpour sanjar Salagjegh
        Agility is the ability to react to unanticipated changes in order to take conscious action based on change (knowledge management). Organizational agility has 4 components: responsiveness, competency, flexibility, and quickness. If an organization wants to have agility, More
        Agility is the ability to react to unanticipated changes in order to take conscious action based on change (knowledge management). Organizational agility has 4 components: responsiveness, competency, flexibility, and quickness. If an organization wants to have agility, it should pay attention to these abilities and capacities. No doubt, obtaining agility depends on responding to guidelines, technologies, employees, and processes. The purpose of the present study is to examine the condition of organizational agility in the public organizations of Kerman. The research is of descriptive type conducted through survey method. The statistical population included 1915 official employees of the public organizations in Kerman. From among them, 322 subjects were selected as the research sample by regular categorization. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis, and the data collection tool was organizational agility questionnaire. The research findings show that the level of organizational agility of the employees of the public organizations in Kerman is high. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        592 - A Comparative study of Management Based on Competency in Public and Private Institutions (Case study: East and West Azerbaijan Provinces)
        Mohammad Pasban Asghar Azar Kasb Leila Fatehi Khoshkanab
        Management based on competency is a coherent and coordinated approach to managing human capitalsin the long run which is devised on the basis of a common set of competencies associated with the large-scale strategies of the country. The present study seeks to assess the More
        Management based on competency is a coherent and coordinated approach to managing human capitalsin the long run which is devised on the basis of a common set of competencies associated with the large-scale strategies of the country. The present study seeks to assess the merit-based management in the public and private organizations and institutions of East and West Azerbaijan Provinces. The statistical population includes the top and middle managers, and the staff of public and private institutions, from among whom a sample of 426 was chosen. In order to analyze the data, the researchers used T-test with independent samples. The results of data analysis and the study of merit-based management layers revealed that at the significance level of 5%, the layers of merit-based management (core competencies, performance competencies, and tasks competencies) are of higher rate inprivate organizations than in public organizations. Therefore, the difference of the means of the two groups was significant. In all the hypotheses, H0 was rejected and H1, the difference in the mean of the two groups was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between merit-based management in public and private organizations, and that meritocracy, awareness of the goals, organizational mission, organizational commitment, and expertise are greater in private organizations than in public organizations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        593 - "The effect of managers' competitive intelligence on modernization of small industries"
        Hossein Budaghi Khajeh Nobar Karim Esgandari Reza Rostamzadeh
        This study aimed at identifying the effect of managers' competitive intelligence on modernization of small industries in East Azerbaijan province. In this study the competitive intelligence dimensions based on French management Faculty theory which included (trade, tech More
        This study aimed at identifying the effect of managers' competitive intelligence on modernization of small industries in East Azerbaijan province. In this study the competitive intelligence dimensions based on French management Faculty theory which included (trade, technical, social, strategic awareness and competitors situation)on modernization of small industries indices have been studied. The research population included small industries managers which added up to 2713 people. Using Cochran's formula the sample size was 337 people. The sampling method was stratified random sampling. To gather the data a researcher made questionnaire was used. The presented model, using structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least square the research hypotheses were tested. The results showed that the competitive intelligence and its four dimensions have positive and meaningful effect on the modernization of the small industries. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        594 - The Effect of Marketing, Innovation and Learning Capabilities on Organization’s Performance (Case study: Tabriz Petrochemical Company)
        Seyed Mohammad nopsandasiel Asmaeyl ramazan pour Payman Attari Asl
        To achieve higher performance is the goal which organizations implement different approaches to reach. Capabilities play a great role in gaining competitive advantages for organizations, namely capabilities of marketing, innovation and learning. While most of the studie More
        To achieve higher performance is the goal which organizations implement different approaches to reach. Capabilities play a great role in gaining competitive advantages for organizations, namely capabilities of marketing, innovation and learning. While most of the studies on the effect of every one of these on performance has been examined separately, in this study effort has been made to introduce an integrated model to examine the simultaneous effect of all three complementary integrated elements on organization performance. In order to do so, to measure the effect of capability of marketing, innovation and learning on the performance of Tabriz Petrochemical Company, 265 questionnaires were distributed among the employees holding B.S. and higher degrees, out of which 255 were eligible to analyze. In this study we used SPSS and LISREL softwares to analyze the data .The results of the study indicate that there is a meaningful relation between marketing capability and organization's performance. It also shows that there is a meaningful relation between innovation capability and learning capability with the performance of the organization. It also suggests that there is a meaningful relation between marketing, innovation and learning capabilities as a complementary bundle with the performance of organization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        595 - Investigating the Rate of Highly Educated Managers’ Entrepreneurship in the Manufacturing Units of the Industrial Complexes of East Azarbaijan Province
        Mansoor Sadigh Hossein Aliye Davood Baghery Alireza Bafandeh Zendeh Jabriel Marzi Alamdari
        The economic structure of today&rsquo;s world is different from that of the past. Hardware indices and tangible assets that had a key determining role as an enterprise in the past are now being replaced with innovation, creation of new products and software assets. Crea More
        The economic structure of today&rsquo;s world is different from that of the past. Hardware indices and tangible assets that had a key determining role as an enterprise in the past are now being replaced with innovation, creation of new products and software assets. Creating knowledge, making use of knowledge and expanding it all over the society in all fields create capability and power. Universities and research centers, as the basic foundation in the comprehensive development of the country, should be able to train the young and knowledge seeking individuals to become thoughtful, insightful, innovative, and creative. The greatest capitals of an enterprise in today&rsquo;s world are those interested in thinking, learning and creating; and these are the entrepreneurs. The present study tries to survey and evaluate the average scores of entrepreneurship and the five dimensions affecting it among the industrial managers of East Azarbaijan industrial complexes. The statistical population includes 335 people from among the highly educated managers of the industrial complexes of East Azarbaijan. The study aims, by pinpointing the weak and strong points of the different dimensions of entrepreneurship, to give some suggestions in order to focus on and improve the weak points of entrepreneurship in universities and higher education centers. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        596 - The Influence of the Emotional Intelligence of Academic staff Members on their Educational Performance: Individual Competencies Approach
        Mahmoud Nouraee
        In the recent years, the widespread interest in the relationship between emotional intelligence and performance has led to the development of a substantial body of literature. In spite of this ongoing attention, the subject of emotional intelligence and performance is s More
        In the recent years, the widespread interest in the relationship between emotional intelligence and performance has led to the development of a substantial body of literature. In spite of this ongoing attention, the subject of emotional intelligence and performance is still in a contradictory and controversial phase. Thus, a need remains for the development and testing of hypotheses relating the different dimensions of the emotional intelligence to performance. The goal of this research was to extend prior work on individual competencies and performance and investigate the possible relationship between academic staff members&rsquo; competencies (self awareness and self management) and their educational performance and to determine the role of their working life quality as an intervening variable. The results based on 930 questionnaire responses collected from 72 universities in a field study indicate that the extent of educational performance is positively and significantly associated with their self awareness and self management. Besides, the quality of the university working life interferes with the relationship between these variables.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        597 - Factors Affecting the Use of Cost Management Systems in Iran Petrochemical Industry
        Asgar Pakmaram Bijan Mohammadi Jafar Beikzad
        In today&rsquo;s world, the existence of many of the industries depends on their ability to increase the accuracy of the cost management system, which accounts for the reduction of expenses, or in more general terms, the end cost of items, as an important component of t More
        In today&rsquo;s world, the existence of many of the industries depends on their ability to increase the accuracy of the cost management system, which accounts for the reduction of expenses, or in more general terms, the end cost of items, as an important component of the survival triangle elements throughout the whole production process and value chain. Among the country&rsquo;s core industries, Iran Petrochemical Industry is considered as one of the most important movement pivots toward development in the country. The present article is the product of a research project carried out by heuristic survey method within the general inductive &ndash; deductive framework. The main purpose of the research is the analytical study of the factors effective on establishing and implementing the cost management in Iran Petrochemical Industry. Collecting the data was carried out using the techniques of observation, interview, and preparing a researcher-made questionnaire based on likert&rsquo;s scale. The research population consists of the top and middle managers of the 43 companies in Iran Petrochemical Industry, who have somehow been involved in the research subject. The research hypotheses were tested using t-test and Excel software. The findings indicate that at the confidence level of 95% it can be claimed that the specific characteristic of petrochemical industry is effective on the use of cost management systems. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        598 - Investigating the Relationship between Market-Orientation and Competitive Advantages in Iran Tractor Manufacturing Industrial Group
        Mohammad Faryabi Rana Tajvidi Mina Tajvidi
        Market orientation and its impact on competitive advantages is one of the important and key issues in marketing management. Market-oriented companies have a competitive advantage in quickly responding to market and customers&rsquo; needs. Also they act effectively in re More
        Market orientation and its impact on competitive advantages is one of the important and key issues in marketing management. Market-oriented companies have a competitive advantage in quickly responding to market and customers&rsquo; needs. Also they act effectively in response to market opportunities and threats. This paper is a research that aims to investigate the relationship between market-orientation and competitive advantages in Iran Tractor Manufacturing Industrial Group. For this research a quantitative research methodology has been adopted. The primary data were collected from Iran Tractor Manufacturing Industrial Group. The data have been analyzed through using Lisrel software and structural equations methodologies. The results of this study indicate that among 3 variables of marketing culture, intellectual market and marketing capability, the intellectual market has the most effect on market orientation and among the variables effective on competitive advantage, differentiation strategy has the most coefficients, which shows the importance of these variables. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        599 - Designing a Model for Examining the Impact of Supply Chain Integrity on Supply Chain Performance with Mediating Competitiveness in Pharmaceutical Companies
        Alireza Monadi Sefidan Davood Talebi Akbar Alam Tabriz Hassan Farsijani
        The primary aim of the present study was to provide a model for understanding the impact of supply chain integration on supply chain performance with the mediating role of competitiveness in pharmaceutical companies in Iran. In terms of the purpose and implementation, t More
        The primary aim of the present study was to provide a model for understanding the impact of supply chain integration on supply chain performance with the mediating role of competitiveness in pharmaceutical companies in Iran. In terms of the purpose and implementation, this research is an applied and descriptive-causal study, respectively. It employed a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire to collect the research data in which the Alpha was calculated at 0.91, showing a high level of internal consistency. The research population comprised 146 active manufacturing companies in pharmaceutical industry of I.R. Based on the Cochran's formula, the data was obtained from a randomly selected sample of 98 executive managers with a minimum of five-year experience who were assumed to be competent respondents acquainted with various supply chain issues. SPSS 24 and PLS software were employed to conduct the inferential analyses of the research data via Factor analysis, multiple regression and correlation The findings revealed that the supply chain integration influences world class performanceand competitiveness and that competitiveness impacts onworld class performanceas well. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        600 - An Investigation on the Relationship between the Grammatical Competence of Young Iranian English Translation Students and their Ability to Translate from English to Farsi
        Sahar Khavari Mehrshad Ahamadian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        601 - A Relationship between Religious Attitudes and Social Competence in Parent-Child Emotional Metacognition
        Malieh Firozsamadi Tahmores Aqajani Fatemeh Shaterian Behzad Shoghi Jamal Sadeqi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        602 - The Role of Family Emotional Climate in Predicting Social Competence among Female High School Students in Dezful City
        Nasim Taleipour Masoumeh Motlaq
        10.22034/ssyj.2021.684307
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        603 - The Relationship Between Institutional Cross-Ownership and the Cost of Equity according to Product Market Competition
        Mansour khojasteh ahvazi fatemeh Sarraf
        As institutional investors can influence corporate decisions and product market strategies, institutional cross-ownership changes the way companies operate and make decisions. The relationship between Institutional Cross-Ownership and the cost of equity according to pro More
        As institutional investors can influence corporate decisions and product market strategies, institutional cross-ownership changes the way companies operate and make decisions. The relationship between Institutional Cross-Ownership and the cost of equity according to product market competition. The statistical population of the study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 152 companies were selected as the sample of the research in an 8-year period between 2013 and 2021. The method used to collect information is a library and the relevant data for measuring variables were collected from Codal website and companies' financial statements and then Eviews software was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the research hypotheses test showed that the cost of equity for companies with Institutional Cross-Ownership is lower than other companies, and the negative effect of Institutional Cross-Ownership on the cost of equity is greater in markets with higher product competition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        604 - Meta method approach; In the significant areas of urban brand studies in the field of competitiveness
        pardis pakan Toktam Hanaee
        10.30495/jisaud.2023.1993471.1094
        Nowadays, cities are competing in various fields. Not only is this competition longer relevant to neighboring cities, but it also happens in a network of global cities. Urban branding is one of the most important tools of competitiveness on different scales from urban t More
        Nowadays, cities are competing in various fields. Not only is this competition longer relevant to neighboring cities, but it also happens in a network of global cities. Urban branding is one of the most important tools of competitiveness on different scales from urban to global levels. So far, the concept of city branding has been discussed by various fields such as tourism, marketing, economy, art, media and advertising in the form of different topics such as brand creation and evaluation, brand regeneration, urban brand strengthening and city brand management. However, the multidimensionality of the concept of urban branding and its connection with different fields and sciences as well as the context of its occurrence in the environment and system has brought plenty of major challenges and difficulties to the research in this field of study. One of the most important of them is the challenge of meaning and efficient and comprehensive scientific methodology. The present research is carried out with combined approaches at the same time to reach a theoretical consensus, and the presentation of a conceptual model is done with an emphasis on scientific and creative methodology. In terms of practical philosophical orientation, it uses a practical purpose and exploratory-descriptive nature. By examining and studying previous bodies of research, the present study seeks to answer the question of how and with what kinds of processes, methods, and tools in the context of urban studies, city branding can be done in the domain of city competitiveness. Therefore, it summarizes and analyzes previous studies through a meta-method approach. After defining the main research question, relevant scientific sources from different channels and databases were selected, which included Web of Science (for foreign articles) and Iran Doc (for Ph.D. theses). Next, data sources were identified according to the parameters as follows: 1) the use of primary data (except review articles), 2) the thematic relationship of previous studies with the goal and in response to the question of the current research, and 3) the timeline. The present article studies urban branding based on the paradigm shift of the concept over time, into five categories including (1) advertising and urban recovery, (2) urban marketing, (3) presentation of 12 models of urban branding, (4) the city brand management and the evaluation and effectiveness of city branding, and finally (5) the emergence of urban studies into the concept of city branding. Finally, the results of the study indicate that the use of purely quantitative or qualitative methods is accompanied by serious inadequacies in the final results and ultimately leads to a one-dimensional approach to the subject. Therefore, considering the complexity of the city system and the interdisciplinary nature of the concept of urban branding, it is the most appropriate approach to plan future studies and explain the place of urban science in the concept of city branding. In addition to that, it is methodologically considered a hybrid approach and technically an interdisciplinary approach because it provides the possibility of using scientific models and tools from different disciplines and leads to the creative application of scientific methods from various disciplines of urban studies and novel scientific tools and can be an effective step towards creating common literature in the atmosphere of scientific discourse in this field. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        605 - Identifying Competitive Activities in the Arak Metropolitan with Economic Sustainability Approach
        mina eftekharnia کرامت الله زیاری majid naderi
        The rapid growth of urbanization and process of globalization has brought expansion of the competitiveness conception at international, national, regional and local levels by the last century. According to the intercommunication among different environmental, social and More
        The rapid growth of urbanization and process of globalization has brought expansion of the competitiveness conception at international, national, regional and local levels by the last century. According to the intercommunication among different environmental, social and economic aspects, inattention to other sectors, but more attention to the economic field though, causes an increase in peripheral and social damage in urban and regional systems. Through the last decades, Iran has also faced with the plenty of problems of unsuccessful economic development, which has led to social and environmental damage. So that it is essential for managers and urban planners to consider peripheral and social indicators in order of economic development. In the present research, an attempt has been made to determine sustainable competitive activities for the Arak metropolitan area in which it is tried to extract the most appropriate indicators using documentary methods and content analysis to measure the condition of development and competitiveness of Arak metropolitan. Field activities has been extracted by using spatial coefficient, share change analysis, export to other provinces, and natural capacity of the region. Finally, using TOPSIS method, and basing on the two criteria of economic activities through first competition and its sustainability in superior economic activities, sustainable activities with competitive advantage were determined for using in the region. Accordingly, the activities of industrial production (manufacturing), electricity, gas, steam, air conditioning, drinking water supply and purification, transportation, warehousing, agricultural activities, forestry and aquaculture have been considered. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        606 - Analysis of Iran's Tourism Competitiveness in Comparison with Competitors of the 1404 Vision Document
        Saideh Alavi Hossein Nazmfar Mohammad Hasanzadeh
        Considering the importance of the tourism industry in the growth of the economy and sustainable development of countries and the increasing competition in this industry, this article has been done with the aim of analyzing the competitiveness of tourism in Iran compared More
        Considering the importance of the tourism industry in the growth of the economy and sustainable development of countries and the increasing competition in this industry, this article has been done with the aim of analyzing the competitiveness of tourism in Iran compared to competitors in the 1404 vision document based on 2017 data. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The studied indicators include environmental empowerment, tourism policies, infrastructure and natural and cultural resources that have been analyzed using the Prometheus model. Findings of the article showed that the United Arab Emirates with a net flow of 0.480 is Iran's main tourism competitor. After the UAE, Qatar's neighbor is next with a net flow of 0.374. Iran is also ranked 17th with a net flow of -0.221. Iran's rival countries in the Vision 1404 document are the United Arab Emirates in the Middle East, the Republic of Azerbaijan in the Caucasus, and Kazakhstan in Central Asia, respectively. Iran's main competitors in terms of environmental empowerment, tourism and infrastructure policies are the United Arab Emirates and Turkey in terms of natural and cultural resources. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        607 - The Effect of Marketing Information Systems in Establishing Competitive Strategies in Dermo-Cosmetic Companies
        Elnaz Sadeghipor sedigheh tootian Leila Saeidi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        608 - Vehicle Routing Problem with a Time Window and Stochastic Demand and by Assuming a Competitor in Meeting the Customers' Demands
        Behzad Ghasemi Ebrahim Mohammadipirlar Amir Sadeghi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        609 - Determining the appropriate ecotourism calendar in the west of the country using the PET index
        Ali Hanafi
        Weather is considered as one of the most important factors shaping tourism, and tourism centers owe their existence and values to many factors, especially suitable weather conditions. In this research, in order to evaluate and zoning the ecotourism calendar in Kurdistan More
        Weather is considered as one of the most important factors shaping tourism, and tourism centers owe their existence and values to many factors, especially suitable weather conditions. In this research, in order to evaluate and zoning the ecotourism calendar in Kurdistan, Kermanshah and Hamadan provinces, Riemann model and Physiological Equivalent Temperature Index (PET) have been used. The comfort conditions of the tourism climate and heat and cold stresses in different days and months of the year were evaluated using the PET index and then zoned in the GIS environment by considering the altitude. The results of the research showed that in most parts of the western region of the country, such as the cities of Sanandaj, Hamedan and Kermanshah, the time of climatic comfort for tourism activities occurs in two separate periods. From the end of May to the middle of October, heat stress is observed and from the beginning of December to the end of March, cold stress is observed in the border areas of Kermanshah.Finally, tourism climate maps of the western region of the country were prepared based on altitude changes and taking into account the relationship between the physiological temperature index and altitude, and by analyzing these maps, suitable times for activities such as mountain climbing in the important heights of the region such as Alvand, Chihel Cheshme, Peru and Shahu were identified. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        610 - Evaluating The Climatic Potentials of Kerman Province for Tourism Industry
        Bohlol Alijani Saeedeh Zaboli
        In order to evaluate the climatic potentials of Kerman province, the hourly weather data of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed of the nine synoptic stations of the province were obtained for the existing data period( ranging from as early as 1957 to as late More
        In order to evaluate the climatic potentials of Kerman province, the hourly weather data of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed of the nine synoptic stations of the province were obtained for the existing data period( ranging from as early as 1957 to as late as 1993 up to 2005 to 2007). The hourly human comfort index of Physiological EquivalentTemperature (PET) was computed for each calendar month using the RAYMAN software. In the second step, the beginning, duration, and the end of the comfort period were determined for each station.The results showed that the comfort period begins in January in the south and delays until March in the north. But it begins as late as April in the mountainous region of Baft. The comfort period ends in December in most of the province. The most uncomfortable climatic factor in the province is the temperature. That is why that the comfort period is shorter in the south than in the north. The length of the comfort period ranges from7 moths in the south to about 10 months in the north. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        611 - Assessment of Climate Tourism in City Shiraz Using Physiologic Equivalence Temperature and Predicted Mean Vote Indexes
        Abbas Ali Arvin Kobra Shojaeezadeh
        Weather plays an important role as an agent of the natural environment Human activities, especially tourism plays. At This study was conducted to evaluate the climatic conditions of the city's tourist Shiraz ،Shiraz synoptic meteorological data station a 16-year period More
        Weather plays an important role as an agent of the natural environment Human activities, especially tourism plays. At This study was conducted to evaluate the climatic conditions of the city's tourist Shiraz ،Shiraz synoptic meteorological data station a 16-year period (2005-1990) are used. The method used to assess climate comfort, physiological equivalent temperature index and middle surveys are anticipated. The results show that the highest climatic conditions for leisure and tourism activities in the city in two distinct periods in mid-spring (May) and early autumn (October) is located. Continued from June to August average heat stress and cold stress in different crops by the end of November, during the winter months is a factor to limit tourism. Others for months of warm heat a little bit cool, of temperature and humidity relatively are suitable for tourism so the city about 5 months of the year there is a favorable climate for tourism and visitor. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        612 - The pollution effect of Kermanshah petrochemical industry on some growth and physiological characteristics of Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus sempervirens L.
        Nayer Mohammadkhani زهرا نورعلی زاده
        Natural and artificial forests absorb air pollutants and reduce pollution in addition to wood production. This study investigated the role of Polchahr forestation region in Kermanshah was investigated in reducing pollution due to petrochemical industry and also the effe More
        Natural and artificial forests absorb air pollutants and reduce pollution in addition to wood production. This study investigated the role of Polchahr forestation region in Kermanshah was investigated in reducing pollution due to petrochemical industry and also the effect of zinc and chromium on physiological characteristics and growth of Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus Sempervirens L. The plantation area in Petrochemicals factory (infected site) and a plantation area around Petrochemicals (control site) were designated for the study. Results showed that the concentration of the two elements in roots and stems of both species in the infected site were significantly higher than the control site. Also in the area infested with the two elements, the shoot and root lengths of Pinus eldarica Medw. species decreased significantly compared to the control area while in Cupressus sempervirens L. only root length in the contaminated area was significantly difference from the control areas. Moreover, results showed that in the infected area, total chlorophyll, and proline and sugar contents in the leaves of the Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus sempervirens L. species were significantly different compared to the disinfected area. In general, reduction in the pollution with zinc and chromium was more in Pinus eldarica Medw. than in Cupressus sempervirens Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        613 - The pollution effect of Kermanshah petrochemical industry on some growth and physiological characteristics of Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus sempervirens L.
        Ali Rostami M. Asgari
        Natural and artificial forests absorb air pollutants and reduce pollution in addition to wood production. This study investigated the role of Polchahr forestation region in Kermanshah was investigated in reducing pollution due to petrochemical industry and also the effe More
        Natural and artificial forests absorb air pollutants and reduce pollution in addition to wood production. This study investigated the role of Polchahr forestation region in Kermanshah was investigated in reducing pollution due to petrochemical industry and also the effect of zinc and chromium on physiological characteristics and growth of Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus Sempervirens L. The plantation area in Petrochemicals factory (infected site) and a plantation area around Petrochemicals (control site) were designated for the study. Results showed that the concentration of the two elements in roots and stems of both species in the infected site were significantly higher than the control site. Also in the area infested with the two elements, the shoot and root lengths of Pinus eldarica Medw. species decreased significantly compared to the control area while in Cupressus sempervirens L. only root length in the contaminated area was significantly difference from the control areas. Moreover, results showed that in the infected area, total chlorophyll, and proline and sugar contents in the leaves of the Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus sempervirens L. species were significantly different compared to the disinfected area. In general, reduction in the pollution with zinc and chromium was more in Pinus eldarica Medw. than in Cupressus sempervirens Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        614 - Ecophysiological acclimation and salinity amelioration of soil Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. FS 76 collected from oil polluted regions under ccombined effects of salinity and extremely limited irradiances
        Shadman Shokravi Elahe Kiaei Afsane Pakzad Hamide Sadat Amirlatifi
        The issue of salinity stress caused by oil extraction has been one of the major environmental issues of the country in the last decade. Biological agents in oil-contaminated areas can be considered the most efficient methods. The aim of this study was to reduce salinity More
        The issue of salinity stress caused by oil extraction has been one of the major environmental issues of the country in the last decade. Biological agents in oil-contaminated areas can be considered the most efficient methods. The aim of this study was to reduce salinity by cyanobacteria isolated from oil contaminated areas. Soil cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. FS 76 were collected from oil polluted areas of southern Iran (Khuzestan province) and were studied ecophysiologically for acclimation ability at combination of different salinities (up to 1%) and extremely limited irradiances (2 &mu;mol quanta.m-2S-1) at laboratory conditions. Samples were collected from oil polluted soils at different stations of Khuzestan province (Khark) for one year. Anabaena sp.FS 76 showed common strain and was selected for next steps after preliminary identification. Salinity treatments included Salt-free medium and BG011 medium with 0.25, 0. 5, 0.75, and 1% sodium chloride which were applied before and after limited irradiance treatments. Analysis involved growth analysis, Pigments (phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin) and protein and sugar content assays. Results showed that the maximum growth rate may be observed at 1% salinity. At this range of salinity. 1% NaCl not only may not decrease total sugar and protein content but also cause significant increase. In vivo absorption spectra support the presence of central and rod sections of phycobilisome. This strain has salinity amelioration ability at the laboratory conditions. This potentiality reaches to highest degrees of salinity especially at 1% probability level. The results showed examples of environmental physiology and biotechnology powerful is for future studies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        615 - Study of qualitative and quantitative changes in Nepeta crispa Willd. essential oil in natural habitats and agronomical conditions
        Mohammad Karami Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi Mahdi Ayyari
        Nepeta crispa Willd. Locally known as Mofarrah belongs to Lamiaceae family. It is an Iranian endemic self-growing medicinal plant to Alvand Mountains in Hamadan province. N. crispa has carminative, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial and antifungal propert More
        Nepeta crispa Willd. Locally known as Mofarrah belongs to Lamiaceae family. It is an Iranian endemic self-growing medicinal plant to Alvand Mountains in Hamadan province. N. crispa has carminative, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial and antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition of essential oil compounds of this plant in the vegetative stage, which cultivated in Tarbiat Modares University of Tehran at an altitude of 1283 m above sea level, and compare with samples taken from natural habitats in Arzanfood and Gashani with the altitude of 3015 and 2489 m above sea level, respectively. The plants were harvested during the late July 2018. The essential oils of all samples were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. The yield of essential oil in the sample collected from Arzanfood, Gashani and field samples were 2.13, 1.97 and 0.55% (w/w), respectively. Twenty components were identified among the samples, representing 93-96% of the oils. The main components were 1, 8-cineole (40.25%, 48.5, 49.9%), 4a&alpha;, 7&beta;, 7a&alpha;-nepetalactone) 34.8%, 3.7%, 24.7%) and &beta;- pinene) 6.2%, 5.4%, 5.4%) for cultivated field, Gashani and Arzanfood samples, respectively. Although the percentage of oil and 1, 8-cineole in the cultivated sample were low, but the amount of nepetalactome compounds was high. According to the results, the environmental conditions had an important role in the qualitative and quantitative changes in the essential oil of this plant but cultivation of N. crispa in a place with more than 1200 m difference in altitude, lower than the main habitat, was a promising sign for domestication of N. crispa. Optimization of other factors including, cultivation in an area close to the natural habitat, nutrition, biotic and abiotic stresses treatment could even improve the quality of this plant compared to the self-growing ones. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        616 - Study of morphological diversity, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in different populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia in habitats of Ardabil and East Azerbaijan provinces
        Rasoul Narimani Mohammad Moghaddam Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbaloti Danial Shokouhi
        Nepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 More
        Nepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia, the aerial parts of these plants in flowering stages were collected in summer 2015 from Ardabil and east Azerbaijan provinces. The morphological traits included plant height, number of sub-branches, leaf length and width, number of nodes, inflorescence length, internode length and length of sub-branch were measured. Methanolic extract were obtained by maceration, phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalto method and antioxidant activity were measurement DPPH radical scavenging capacity method, respectively.&nbsp; The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data average was done by LSD test at 5% probability level. Results&nbsp; were showed that the first population (Nepetacrassifolia - Razi) was superior in morphological characteristics compared to other populations of this species. The highest antioxidant activity (74.96%)and total phenolic content (9.88mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh weight), was obtained from the leaves and flowers of population 3 (Heyran), respectively. Maximum plant height, leaf length and width, number of nodes were observed in population 6 (Meshkin) of Nepeta nuda and also the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were perceived in leaves of population 5 (Heris) and flowers of population 4 (Meshkin-Heris), respectively. Generally the most total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between two species were observed in population 3 (Heyran) which is belong to the Nepeta crassifolia. It seems that the height of sea level had significant effect on populations phenolic content and antioxidant activity. So the populations of 1 and 6, which both species were desirable at evaluated morphological traits so that these populations can be considered in breeding and domestication programs. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        617 - The investigation of essential oil composition in Nepeta cephalotes Boiss. and Nepeta gloeocephala Rech.f. in dry and wet conditions
        Merdokht Najafpour Navaei, mehdi mirza
        Nepeta cephalotes Boiss. and Nepeta gloeocephala Rech.f. are the exclusive species ,which are distributed in Irano-Turani region from Iran. The purpose of this study was identifying the comparision of essential oil composition from these two species in fresh and dry con More
        Nepeta cephalotes Boiss. and Nepeta gloeocephala Rech.f. are the exclusive species ,which are distributed in Irano-Turani region from Iran. The purpose of this study was identifying the comparision of essential oil composition from these two species in fresh and dry conditions. The aerial parts of N. gloeocephala in blooming were gathered from kashsn habitat in Ghamsar and Ghohrood (1700 m) and N.cephalotes were collected from Damavand by the river (1500 m) in May and June 2015, respectively. The essential oils were obtained in fresh and dried conditions by hydro distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by (GC) and (GC-MS). The results were showed that the yield of essential oils of both species in dry condition was higher than fresh condition. In Nepeta gloeocephala 29 compounds were identified, which that the 1,8-cineoles (28.9%, 36.5%) &nbsp;had the highest percentage in wet and dry condition, respectively, but in Nepeta cephaloutes 17 compounds were identified, which that 4a&alpha;, 7&alpha;, 7a&alpha; neptata-lactone (wet 43%, dry 64%) were the highest amount in dry condition.Nepeta cephalotes Boiss. and Nepeta gloeocephala Rech.f. are the exclusive species ,which are distributed in Irano-Turani region from Iran. The purpose of this study was identifying the comparision of essential oil composition from these two species in fresh and dry conditions. The aerial parts of N. gloeocephala in blooming were gathered from kashsn habitat in Ghamsar and Ghohrood (1700 m) and N.cephalotes were collected from Damavand by the river (1500 m) in May and June 2015, respectively. The essential oils were obtained in fresh and dried conditions by hydro distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by (GC) and (GC-MS). The results were showed that the yield of essential oils of both species in dry condition was higher than fresh condition. In Nepeta gloeocephala 29 compounds were identified, which that the 1,8-cineoles (28.9%, 36.5%) &nbsp;had the highest percentage in wet and dry condition, respectively, but in Nepeta cephaloutes 17 compounds were identified, which that 4a&alpha;, 7&alpha;, 7a&alpha; neptata-lactone (wet 43%, dry 64%) were the highest amount in dry condition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        618 - The effect of Pretreatment of Salicylic Acid on Seed Germination, Total Phenol and Antioxidant Activity of Nepeta nuda L. Seedling Under Salt Stress
        Sepideh Mojarab Mohammad Moghaddam Rasoul Narimani
        Seed pretreatment with salicylic acid plays an important role in improving germination and increasing resistance of plants to environmental stresses. Delay in germination, decrease in the rate and percentage of germination are from the effects of salinity stress in germ More
        Seed pretreatment with salicylic acid plays an important role in improving germination and increasing resistance of plants to environmental stresses. Delay in germination, decrease in the rate and percentage of germination are from the effects of salinity stress in germination stage. In order to find out the effects of salinity stress along with salicylic priming on seed germination of Hairless Catmint (Nepeta nuda L.), a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted using salt stress at four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM), three levels of alleviators (0, 0.2 and 0.5 mM) and three times (6, 12 and 24 hours) with 3 replication at physiology laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2016. Indicators of germination with radicle exit at size 2 mm were evaluated for 21 days. After 21 days and completion of recording of germination indices, the plumules were separated for phytochemical evaluation; and determination of total phenol content and antioxidant activity by spectrophotometric methods were carried out by using methanol extract (extracted in a porcelain mortar), Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH free radical scavenging, respectively. According to experiment results, the positive effect of salicylic acid on improving germination of this plant in concentration 0.5 mM was more evident than concentration of 0.2 mM. With increasing salinity, the measured traits were strongly reduced. So that the lowest germination percent and germination rate were 0.81 and 0.02 in 150 mM salt stress, respectively. Salicylic acid is also used as an alleviator to improve germination in different levels of salinity. So that the highest germination percent (25.11) and germination rate (0.62) were obtained from pretreatment with salicylic acid for 24 hours. The highest amount of antioxidant activity (68.92%) and total phenol (1.2 mg.g-1 FW) was related to level of 50 mM stress and the use of salicylic acid at different salinity levels reduced the amount of these traits. In general, although salinity stress markedly reduced germination in Nepeta nuda, but using pretreatment with salicylic acid can significantly improve germination indices in these conditions Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        619 - بررسی نیازهای اکولوژیکی، طیف فلورستیک، فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره‌های مختلف گیاه دارویی Nepeta cataria L. در استان‌های گلستان و مازندران
        معصومه مازندرانی محمد قاسمعلی محمد غفوریان
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        620 - Spatio-temporal Assessment of Climatic Comfort in Hamedan Province Using Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Nervous Stress Indices
        Mohammad Ghasem Torkashvand
        Abstract Climate conditions is one of the most important and affecting factors on different aspects of life, especially the health and human comfort. In this study, using bioclimatic and Tourism indices including; Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Nervous S More
        Abstract Climate conditions is one of the most important and affecting factors on different aspects of life, especially the health and human comfort. In this study, using bioclimatic and Tourism indices including; Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Nervous Stress, climatic comfort of Hamedan province is evaluated. For each of the indicators, were used climatic parameters of the 9 meteorological stations in the province in 14-year period (2014- 2001). Then, different areas of the province have been evaluated in terms of above bioclimatic indices. The results show that different areas of the province have a large variety of climatic comfort during the year. Based on PET, in May (Malayer, Nahavand, Tuyserkan, Razan, Ghahavand and Famenin Stations), in September (Hamadan station) and in October (Asadabad, Famenin and Ghahavand) are under optimum climate conditions, and "non stress". Also, based on the Nervous Stress index; in June, Hamedan and Famenin stations and in July, all stations are in "warm and comfortable" condition. In August; Hamedan, Malayer, Nahavand and Razan stations are in "Comfortable" and the rest of the stations are in "warm and comfortable". In September; all stations are in the "cool" condition. In general, according to the above indicators examined in terms of climatic comfort, the best time in the province are May, September and October respectively. However, based on Nervous Stress index, comfort conditions provides only in August. During this period, in addition to the optimal climatic comfort, natural beauty across the province is also very favorable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        621 - The role of new knowledge-based cities in enhancing national competitiveness Case study: The new city Andishe.
        رحیم سرور میترا انصاری نوبخت سبحانی
        Knowledge-based city is a new concept in the new millennium. Although some signs of the concept of knowledge city can be traced to a decade ago, but it was since the begining of the twenty-first century that some cities around the world tended towards the concept of kno More
        Knowledge-based city is a new concept in the new millennium. Although some signs of the concept of knowledge city can be traced to a decade ago, but it was since the begining of the twenty-first century that some cities around the world tended towards the concept of knowledg-based development. The present study reviews the role of new knowledge-based cities in enhancing national competitiveness in a new city named Andishe by using a descriptive- analytic approach. The results revolve around three main areas, i.e. knowledge-based, competitiveness, and modern developed. The multi-criteria decision analysis methodology (TOPSIS) was used to analyse the results. According to the findings resulted from TOPSIS, the sub-criterion &ldquo;quality of life&rdquo; for the advanced component, the sub-criterion &ldquo;product factors&rdquo; for the competitiveness component, and the sub-criterion &ldquo;caring about the potential ability of citizens&rdquo; for the knowledge-based, respectively, were the first three priorities. Thus, after integrating the sub-criteria, results show that &ldquo;caring about the potential ability of citizens&rdquo;, &ldquo;high quality for life&rdquo; and &ldquo;access to information technology&rdquo; are the first three priorities with 1, 0.377, and 0.324 respectively as their scores, and other sub-criteria, such as research activities, demand condititions, and trade networks are the last priorities, and their impact is less than other components. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        622 - Urban Tourism Competitiveness in Iran (Applying Dwyer’s Integrated Model)
        Esmaeil Ghaderi seyed sepehr aarabi
        High competitiveness of the destinations is one of the key factors of success and benefiting from tourism in the international tourism market. Accordingly, this study seeks to identify the determinants of tourism competitiveness in Iran using Dwyer&rsquo;s integrated mo More
        High competitiveness of the destinations is one of the key factors of success and benefiting from tourism in the international tourism market. Accordingly, this study seeks to identify the determinants of tourism competitiveness in Iran using Dwyer&rsquo;s integrated model. After selecting the indicators and categorizing them into six groups, a questionnaire was developed and 129 questionnaires were completed through a web survey. The study population included all employees of the public and private tourism sector as well as professors and students of tourism field were selected. In addition to identifying the determinants of competitiveness of urban tourism, competitiveness of urban tourism was analyzed using OECD indicators.&nbsp; In order to test the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used. The results revealed that among the six key determinants of competitiveness of urban tourism, only endowed resources (with a total average of 4.17) and situational condition (with a total average 3.55) had relatively favorable conditions. The analysis of the relationship between tourism and six determinants of competitiveness revealed that endowed and created resources have had greater, direct and indirect effect on the competitiveness of urban tourism. Accordingly, protection and enhancement of the environment, the diversification and development of recreational activities, festivals and exhibitions, quantitative and qualitative improvement of tourism guides and information as well as marketing and advertising are suggested as the main recommendations of the study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        623 - Philosophy and Location: Aesthetic Thoughts and its Relationship with the Building of Urban Spaces (A Case Study of Naghsh-e-Jahan Square in Isfahan and St. Peter's Square in Rome, Italy)
        Abbas Damercheli Navid Saeidi Rezvani Seyyed Mohammad Reza Khatibi
        Aesthetics is somehow engaged in the thoughts of urban planners and architects. Aesthetics is a complex subject that adheres to individual and group tastes complied with a coherent and theoretical framework. The impressions of the various and contrasting aspects of the More
        Aesthetics is somehow engaged in the thoughts of urban planners and architects. Aesthetics is a complex subject that adheres to individual and group tastes complied with a coherent and theoretical framework. The impressions of the various and contrasting aspects of the beautification of urban spaces, in addition to raising the costs of the city, have caused confusion in the aesthetic field of urban planning and architecture. This article deals with what aesthetics in urban planning necessarily involves, which factors one has to deal with, or what kind of sources are used. In this article, the tendencies of theorists in aesthetics in the period of the Safavid and Renaissance in Europe based on the analysis of&nbsp; Naqsh-e-Jahan Square of Isfahan and&nbsp; St. Peter's Square in Italy in Rome were selected and studied. Then the adaptation and proximity of the features of the aesthetics have been evaluated applying the methodology of using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Based on the results of the questionnaires and findings, a tangible relationship between the aesthetic thoughts and ideas and the urban spaces designed in both Squares were observed. So, it was concluded that the beautification of urban spaces requires the backing of philosophical and aesthetic ideas, as well as a public art movement in the creation of urban spaces. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        624 - Critical Cultural Awareness in Iranian ELT Coursrbooksd: Coursebook Realizations and Ideals
        Mostafa Ghaffari داوود کوهی مرتضی اصل رسولی
        10.30495/jfl.2023.699905
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        625 - Intercultural competence, Intercultural sensitivity, and Language Pedagogy: Perspectives of Iranian Novice and Experienced EFL Teachers
        Sina Khalili Mohammad Mohammadi
        10.30495/jfl.2022.697443
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        626 - Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Translation Competence in Iranian Translation Studies Students: Modeling and Non-modeling Approaches
        Narjes Ghafournia
        10.30495/jfl.2023.703295
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        627 - Cultural Motivation and Its Impact on Foreign Language Learning in Globalizing World
        Shiva Azadipour
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        628 - Strategic Competence and Foreign Language test Performance in Iranian Context
        Siamak Rahimi Behzad Ghonsooly
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        629 - ‘Repetition’ in Arabic-English Translation: The case of Adrift on the Nile
        Ibrahim Najjar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        630 - Investigating English Teachers' Awareness of Pedagogical Competence and its Effect on Students' Language Learning
        Ghasem Aghajanzadeh Kiasi Parviz Maftoon Parviz Birjandi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        631 - Evaluation of Visual Literacy of High School English Textbooks in Iran: An Intercultural Perspective
        Ahad Ataie Mohammad Mohammadi
        10.30495/jfl.2022.686444
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        632 - Towards a Reappraisal of Literary Competence within the Confines of ESL/EFL Classroom
        Mohammad Mahdi Sharifi Mohammad Reza Talebinejad Mansour Koosha Akbar Afghari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        633 - Effect of Spaced Repetition on Iranian EFL Learners’ Form Recall of English Single Words and Collocations
        Bita Naderi Bahram Bagheri
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        634 - Greeting Speech Act Forms in Iranian Junior High School Textbooks: Prospect Series vs Four Corners Series
        Neda Sanie Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        635 - A Comparison of Writing Performance on Independent and Integrated Writing Tasks
        rahil sheibani Alireza Ahmadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        636 - Relationship among Self-perceived Oral Competence, Communication Apprehension, and Iranian EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate: Cooperative teaching in focus
        Mansoureh Bahadori Seyed Moslem Hashemizadeh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        637 - The Relationship between Iranian Upper-Intermediate EFL Learners’ Contrastive Lexical Competence and Their Use of Vocabulary Learning Strategies
        Ehsan NamazianDost Mina Fatahi Sajad Shafiee
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        638 - The Washback Effect of Task-based Assessment on the Iranian EFL Learners' Development of Pragmatic Competence
        Maryam Nazari Abbas Bayati Payman Rajabi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        639 - Optimal Placement based on Distributed Generation to Improvement of Voltage Stability in Multi-Phase Distribution Systems
        Mohammad Kazeminejad Saheb Khanabdal Mozhdeh Karamifard
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        640 - Investigating The Impact of Human Resources Development on Sustainable Competitive Advantage with The Mediating Role of Organizational Innovation (Study Case: Parsian Gas Refinery Company)
        Afshin Zarif Abdoljavad Khalili mokhtar ranjbar
        10/jtihr.2023.1996630.1182
        This research designed to investigate the impact of human resources development on sustainable competitive advantage with the mediating role of organizational innovation in Parsian Gas Refining Company.This inquiry is an applied-base objective , a correlation-base natur More
        This research designed to investigate the impact of human resources development on sustainable competitive advantage with the mediating role of organizational innovation in Parsian Gas Refining Company.This inquiry is an applied-base objective , a correlation-base nature/methodology.The population comprises all the employees of the above organization , the number of them added up to 1206 individuals in 2023.The sample includes 292 subjects based upon Krejcie &amp; Morgan Table (1970) which appointed in proportionate simple random sampling.The data gathering tools have been three standard questionnaires of Banmairuroy et al. (2021). The validity of the research was done by referring to professors and experts. The reliability of this research was checked and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha criterion in SPSS software. SmartPLS3 software was used to analyze the data. The findings show that:The human resources development is posetively and significantly via mediating role of organizational innovation related to sustainable competitive advantage.The human resources development is posetively and significantly related sustainable competitive advantage.The human resources development is directly and significantly related to organizational innovation.The organizational innovation is reversly and significantly related to sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        641 - Effect of professional competencies on professional performance of knowledge workers by analyzing the moderating role of innovative climate
        Hajar Abedini Farajollah Rahnavard Ali Akbar Ghahremani Gelozan
        Today, Professional performance upgrade is one of the challenges for human resource managers, and development of professional competencies is accepted strategy to improve individual and organizational performance. Given the nature of the knowledge based organizations an More
        Today, Professional performance upgrade is one of the challenges for human resource managers, and development of professional competencies is accepted strategy to improve individual and organizational performance. Given the nature of the knowledge based organizations and creating creative and innovative environments, development of professional competencies for knowledge workers is more important. This research aims to the effect of professional competencies dimensions of knowledge workers on professional performance by moderating role of innovative climate in knowledge based organizations of public sector. Research in terms of purpose is applied and type of data is quantitative and nature, is descriptive and correlation. Statistical population consisted of 328 knowledge workers of knowledge based organizations selected provinces (Tehran, Qazvin, Qom and Alborz), 177 people were selected in stratified random sampling. To measure the professional performance used Koopmans et al. (2014) questionnaire and for measure innovative climate used Bibi et al. (2020) questionnaire. Also, Professional competencies are measured with four subscales of knowledge, skills, ability and attitudes by use of Poorkarimi et al. (2017) questionnaire. Data analysis performed by using SmartPLS software and emphasized path analysis test. Results show that professional competencies dimensions include professional knowledge; professional skills, professional ability and professional attitude have a direct impact on professional performance. On the other hand, innovative climate moderates the effect of professional competencies dimensions on professional performance. Therefore, innovative climate by promoting and encouraging innovative culture of knowledge-based organizations provides the basis for development of professional competencies for individual excellence and the realization of organizational goals. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        642 - Designing and validation of competency-based professional training Pattern
        Mansoureh chahardoli Zahra Lebady Fatemeh Parasteh-Ghombavani Mojgan Abdollahi
        10/jtihr.2022.1967308.1107
        Introduction: Studies conducted in relation to competency-based training show that training is a planned effort to facilitate the learning of job competencies of employees. This research was done with the aim of designing and validating the pattern of professional train More
        Introduction: Studies conducted in relation to competency-based training show that training is a planned effort to facilitate the learning of job competencies of employees. This research was done with the aim of designing and validating the pattern of professional training based on the competence of financial experts.Research methodology: This research was conducted with a mixed exploratory method. The approach of its qualitative part was based on foundational data theory and in the quantitative part, it was a survey. In order to collect information in the qualitative part, semi-structured interview and data analysis method, open, central and selective coding have been used. Competency codes and components were calculated from the interviews. In order to measure the findings from the interview, a questionnaire was compiled and distributed in the quantitative section. Findings: Data analysis was done with the methods of factor analysis and path analysis and the relevant pattern was designed. The results showed that the components of the training pattern based on the competence of experts are: philosophy and goals, components of competence of financial experts, development methods, executive stages of competence development, implementation of the training program, evaluation of the training program and modification of the program. Conclusion: The measurement of the appropriateness and fit of the pattern showed that the pattern has a good fit and can be used as a pattern for training financial experts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        643 - Prioritizing competency components for health and public health policy-making managers and experts (case study: Social Security Organizations of Gilan and Tehran)
        Mitra Abolhasanpour Chelaras Fariba Gholipour Jamnani
        10/jtihr.2023.1987091.1163
        The present study identified and prioritized the competency components for health and public health policy-making managers and experts. The present study was applied and of a descriptive survey type. The statistical population of the study included the managers of socia More
        The present study identified and prioritized the competency components for health and public health policy-making managers and experts. The present study was applied and of a descriptive survey type. The statistical population of the study included the managers of social security organizations in Gilan and Tehran. Among them, 79 people were selected as the sample by convenience random sampling. Data were analyzed in SPSS and PLS software. Among the many components identified in various theoretical studies, 31 components made up the competency of managers. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the variables were higher than 0.7, indicating the appropriate reliability of the research tool. All the AVE values of the constructs were greater than 0.5, indicating a good validity of the research tool. The analysis of means showed that the customer-oriented component in the social security organization of Gilan and the outcome-oriented component in the social security organization of Tehran were more desirable than other components. The prioritization of the components in the social security organization of Tehran revealed that the first priority belonged to communication, and in the social security organization of Gilan, the first priority belonged to the learning-oriented variable. In the current competitive situation and in an environment whose primary characteristics are continuous changes and innovations, successful organizations pay attention to the role of human resources in the organization and consider the competency of employees in the organization. Paying attention to competency helps the organization to increase the motivation and performance of the employees of the departments. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        644 - Providing a model for replacing the managers of the Ports and Maritime Organization
        mahmood saberi Mahmoud Sabahizadeh kolsumm nami younes daryoush
        Succession management is the creation of a competitive advantage for the organization by filling the path of organizational career advancement through talented people to ensure the existence of these people. This research in terms of applied purpose, in term, survey doc More
        Succession management is the creation of a competitive advantage for the organization by filling the path of organizational career advancement through talented people to ensure the existence of these people. This research in terms of applied purpose, in term, survey documents, and in terms of data collection and analysis, had a mixed research method and exploratory design. In the qualitative part of the statistical community, including two groups, a group of experts consisting of university professors ,The senior managers and senior experts of the human resources unit of the organization were composed of the central headquarters of the Ports and Maritime Organization. Thirty people were selected by purposive sampling method. The collection tool in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the model developed in the qualitative part, the validity of which was confirmed by the validity of content and structure and its reliability by Cronbach&#039;s alpha. Data analysis was performed in the qualitative part using directional combined theme analysis and in the quantitative part of the data using descriptive statistics. Finally, the proposed model was designed as a process according to the studies conducted in the theoretical foundations and receiving expert opinions in two rounds of components and final indicators, and the four dimensions of succession management, including policy setting, competency criteria, evaluation of candidates and personal development program were identified. The proposed model is superior to other models in terms of process, comprehensiveness and emphasis on individual development program and can achieve organizational benefits Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        645 - Comparison of Vocational Commitment and Professional Competence of Teachers with and without experience of participating in Action Research
        keramat parvizi Meymanat Taabodi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        646 - the resualts of St. Petersburg Agreement in iran
        Hojat Abdolahi Masomeh Gharadaghi Manuchehr samadivand Nazli Eskandarinejad
        During the Qajar period, Iran was considered the point of Russian-British convergence policy. Due to Iran's strategic importance and important geopolitical components, such as the location of the crossroads of the superpowers, the government plays a shocking role in the More
        During the Qajar period, Iran was considered the point of Russian-British convergence policy. Due to Iran's strategic importance and important geopolitical components, such as the location of the crossroads of the superpowers, the government plays a shocking role in the confrontation between the superpowers and the Indian issue, as well as the Afghan crisis in the east and the Caucasus wars in the northwest. Russia came from the north in four directions, British India and Afghanistan from the east, the Ottomans from the west and Britain from the south in the Persian Gulf to the Qajar states. Which dominates the vital highway of the world. In the treaty of August 31, 1907, he concluded an agreement with Tsarist Russia, dividing Iran into three regions under his influence and Russia, and neutralizing it completely, and completely protecting Iran. However, the territorial integrity of Iran and the independence, order and development of the country were emphasized. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        647 - Issues of followers of religions, sects and informal rituals of the Nasserite period in petition documents(1301-1303 AH)
        maryam nilghaz Sina Foroozesh Reza Shaabani
        By studying petition documents as one of the sources for studying social history in the contemporary era, one can take a new look at It had the social life and the cultural and economic life of the Iranian society, which may have been neglected until now. Followers issu More
        By studying petition documents as one of the sources for studying social history in the contemporary era, one can take a new look at It had the social life and the cultural and economic life of the Iranian society, which may have been neglected until now. Followers issues unofficial religions, sects and rituals as one of the aspects of the social life of the Iranian people need to be examined.It is mostly in different historical periods and from this perspective, these documents can be of great help in understanding life and Have problems with these social groups. In this research, the documents of the petitions of the Nasiri period, during the years 1301 It has been studied until 1303 AH. The religions mentioned in these documents mainly include two Christian religious groups And he is Jewish. The research method in this article is the historical method (inductive) and the method of writing and compiling it as It is descriptive-analytical. Extraction of information and data has also been done in the form of libraries and documents.The findings of this study show that except for religious issues, in other matters, issues of followers of religions, sects and Formal and informal rituals have been common. regarding religious issues, we can boldly say that mainlyIt has been an excuse for lords and those in power to achieve their material goal. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        648 - A study on how to promote Shiism in the city of Joshqan
        Rahmatollah Zargari keyvan loloie
        Joshqan Qali was the center of a very large region called Joshqanat, which started in Isfahan and continued near Delijan in Markazi province. This region during its tortuous period due to various incidents and ignorance of officials of different eras, today is considere More
        Joshqan Qali was the center of a very large region called Joshqanat, which started in Isfahan and continued near Delijan in Markazi province. This region during its tortuous period due to various incidents and ignorance of officials of different eras, today is considered a very small area that is part of Ghamsar, Kashan city and Isfahan province.This vast region in terms of religion, before the advent of Islam, they accepted the religion of Zoroastrianism or after the advent of Islam or the conquest of Iran by Muslim Arabs, converted to Islam and from the second century AH, the guardianship of Imam Reza (AS) Later, the Shiite religion was promoted in this region, and finally, with the emergence of the Safavids and the officialization of the Shiite religion in Iran, the people of Joshqan accepted the Shiite religion. Today, the people of Joshqan are all Twelver Shiites, and Shiite religious ceremonies, especially Ashura, Ghadr nights, Eid Ghadir, etc., are held well. In this research, an attempt is made to study and reflect on the influence of the ideological atmosphere of Iran in the second century AH and later in the early Safavid period in changing the culture and religion of this region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        649 - A historical overview of teacher training in Iran and the world
        maryam alizadeh Fallah
        The complexity of the teacher's role and many expectations from the teacher in the new global conditions require activities beyond the past, such as internships and retraining. Teachers in the society play an important role in realizing value creation through the transf More
        The complexity of the teacher's role and many expectations from the teacher in the new global conditions require activities beyond the past, such as internships and retraining. Teachers in the society play an important role in realizing value creation through the transfer of concepts and helping learners in shaping the received materials. Nowadays, the role of teachers is not only to convey the content; Because beyond that, they should step in line with the society's goals and teach the material. A brief look at the events of teacher training in the past centuries, which were affected by the historical, social, political and cultural situations of different periods, gives us the opportunity to learn about the views and methods of teacher training in the previous century. As evidenced by the history of the evolution of education in the past centuries, especially in ancient Iran, teachers played the most important role in the education of young people and the transfer of the civilization, culture and knowledge of the past to the future generations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        650 - Competitiveness of New Cities (Study Sample: Parand New City)
        saeed sabooni mostafa behzadfar Hamidreza saremi
        10.30495/eco.2021.1913831.2446
        Competitiveness is one of the categories that today in scientific, economic, commercial and political circles has found its special place as an indicator for the evaluation of cities in various fields. Although there is not yet a global consensus on indicators and bench More
        Competitiveness is one of the categories that today in scientific, economic, commercial and political circles has found its special place as an indicator for the evaluation of cities in various fields. Although there is not yet a global consensus on indicators and benchmarks, some international organizations offer competitive rankings of cities by introducing their indicators. Given that new cities have great potential to create competitiveness, so the study of factors affecting the competitiveness of the new city of Parand can be a step towards identifying these factors. This study aims to identify the most effective competitiveness factors of Parand city with a qualitative-quantitative method and using the Granded Theory approach in the qualitative section and with a causal-comparative method answers the question that what are the competitiveness factors of the city and to what extent are they effective in increasing the competitiveness of this city?. In the qualitative stage, 61 concepts were obtained in open coding, which was reduced to 19 main and pivotal concepts in axial coding. In a quantitative stage, a questionnaire was developed based on it. In analyzing the results, it was found that the most important legal and organizational governance is investment, the coefficient of determination of each of which is 1, followed by policy-making with a value of (0.967) and national political space with The value (0.846) is in the next ranks and the lowest of them is justice with the value (0.383). Other indicators had a coefficient of determination in the medium range. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        651 - Identifying the position of Petrochemical Industry in Iran Economy by Using Eigenvector
        Ali asghar esfandiari Azam Moradi
        This article tries to identify the forward and backward linkages of Petrochemical sector using conventional and improved Chenry-Vatanabe, Rasmussen and Eigenvector methods. It relies on Eigenvector method noted much.&nbsp; This method, based on Perron-Frobenius theory, More
        This article tries to identify the forward and backward linkages of Petrochemical sector using conventional and improved Chenry-Vatanabe, Rasmussen and Eigenvector methods. It relies on Eigenvector method noted much.&nbsp; This method, based on Perron-Frobenius theory, considers the continuity of durability in one sector to the others due to the quantity of the final demand and added value. So, Input-Output table of the year 2001 aggregated to 27 sectors are used. The results represent that petrochemical sector in all the methods used has strong Forward linkage (FL&gt;1) and weak Backward linkage (BL&lt;1). Thus, this is not a key sector. Strong Forward linkage shows a high level of intermediate demand belonging to all sectors. Hence, we can say that petrochemical sector is a superior industry for most economic sectors and its sufficiency is higher than other economic sectors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        652 - Measuring Monopoly Power of Manufacturing Industry in Iran: Stochastic Frontier Functions Approach
        Farhad Khodadad Kashi Jafar Ebadi Seyed Ziaoddin Kiaalhoseini Khalil Heidari
        Abstract The aim of this paper is introducing a new method to estimation monopoly power and uses it for 136 Iranian manufacturing industries at 4 digits ISIC level during 2005-2013. The method used is stochastic frontier approach. The results indicate that the markup o More
        Abstract The aim of this paper is introducing a new method to estimation monopoly power and uses it for 136 Iranian manufacturing industries at 4 digits ISIC level during 2005-2013. The method used is stochastic frontier approach. The results indicate that the markup of nearly 98 percent of manufacturing industries is between 10 and 40 percent and they have an uncompetitive behavior. The average industries markup in Iran had a rising trend over time, reducing their average returns to scale. According to the results; there are suggested canceling the exclusive advantages that used to grant to some industries, lowering the tariff for increasing foreign competition with implementation necessary standards in order to production, importing industerial outputs and expanding industerial activities in the form of cooperatives.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        653 - Assessing the Structure of Bank Deposits Market in Iran
        mohammad nabi shahiki tash kamran mahmoodpour
        Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied dur More
        Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied during 2007&ndash;2011. By the use of Bresnahan's market power model, it is found that there is no deposit market for pre-said banks in Iranian banking industry. The coefficients estimated by the research model have represented that the hypothesis of perfect competition without any withholding rates and deposit rates can be rejected for the entire market. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        654 - Inter-fuel Substitution in OECD and its Effects on the Fluctuations of Iran's Petroleum Exports
        teymoor mohammadi hamid amadeh fereidoon barkashli dariush vafinajar
        In this paper, based on the importance of Inter-fuel substitution, the researcher try to study the changes in Inter-fuel substitution in OECD and then to answer the question that "whether it has any effect on the fluctuation of Iran's petroleum exports in this market or More
        In this paper, based on the importance of Inter-fuel substitution, the researcher try to study the changes in Inter-fuel substitution in OECD and then to answer the question that "whether it has any effect on the fluctuation of Iran's petroleum exports in this market or not?" By using Linear Dynamic Logit model based on the equations of fuel and SURE to investigate inter-fuel substitution through four fuels including oil, gas, coal and electricity represent that the electricity and gas is the most intensive in short and long-term alternative to oil. The estimation of this system as simultaneous to MSI model for Iran's oil exports in OECD market indicate that these substitutions affect the fluctuations of Iranian petroleum exports.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        655 - Impact of Fiscal Policy Shocks on Cyclical and Structural Budget Balance in OPEC Member Countries
        marzieh dindarrostami Shamsollah Shirinbakhsh Zahra Afshari
        Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of fiscal policy shocks on the actual, cyclical and structural budget balance in OPEC countries during the period 1980-2015. For this purpose, by separating the budget balance into two cyclical and structural More
        Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of fiscal policy shocks on the actual, cyclical and structural budget balance in OPEC countries during the period 1980-2015. For this purpose, by separating the budget balance into two cyclical and structural variables, using the Panel Structural Vector Auto Regression approach, which it presented in Pedroni (2013), as well as separation structural shocks into two common and idiosyncratic shocks among OPEC countries, the effect of fiscal policy is examine. Regarding the results, the effect of expenditures fiscal policy on the actual and structural budget has been positive and the effect of tax policy has been negative in theory. Based on the results, the need to pay attention to automatic stabilization and the use of monetary policy to deal with economic problems, rather than applying discretionary fiscal policy, are advisable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        656 - The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Competitiveness: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries of USA, U.K & Canada
        somaye azami mojtaba almasi afsaneh golmohammadi
        This study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K &amp; Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simult More
        This study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K &amp; Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simultaneous equations, and considering interoperability among market elements.Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures (PACE) and environmental innovations are substitute variables for environmental regulations and competitiveness subsequently. The results show that increased industries expenditure to reduce emissions significantly increases their innovations and this proves Weak Porter Hypothesis (WPH) indicating positive impact of environmental regulation on competitiveness of the industries. Therefore, environmental regulations promote not only environmental quality, but also improve the industries competitiveness. The results, also, confirm the view that environmental policies are a win-win strategy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        657 - The Home Market Effect on Exports and Manufacturing Products in Iran
        Rahman Saadat Esmaeil Abounoori Saeed Rasekhi mohammad reza mardani
        Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the home market effect in the monopolistic competition market in Iran. The home market effect was investigated in 12 industries based on ISIC two-digit classification published provincially by the Iranian Statistics More
        Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the home market effect in the monopolistic competition market in Iran. The home market effect was investigated in 12 industries based on ISIC two-digit classification published provincially by the Iranian Statistics Center for the period 2001 to 2013. Results show that home market effect exist only in the industry of "production of motor vehicles, trailer and semi-trailer". Therefore, high demand for the products of this industry can lead to exports. In other industries, relatively high demand for the products of these industries in country will generally lead to be a net importer of these goods. Based on the results, investment in the industry, which has the home market effect, is suggested. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        658 - The effect of 8 weeks of selected therapeutic exercise on pain and functional disability of carpet weavers with chronic back pain
        Bijan Goodarzi mohammad hydarinia Masoud Mirmoazi
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of selected therapeutic exercises on pain and functional disability of carpet weavers with chronic back pain. The research method was semi-experimental. The statistical population of the research include More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of selected therapeutic exercises on pain and functional disability of carpet weavers with chronic back pain. The research method was semi-experimental. The statistical population of the research included 30 carpet weavers suffering from back pain with the age range of 30 to 45 years who referred to the treatment clinics of Borujerd city, who voluntarily participated in this research project. The aforementioned subjects were randomly divided into two treatment exercise groups (age 37.20 &plusmn; 2.61( and control (age 36.98 &plusmn; 3.002). 24 hours before the start of the exercises, the subjects of both groups were given a questionnaire Low back pain disability was assessed and vas pain was determined. Subjects in the experimental groups underwent therapeutic exercises for 8 weeks and three sessions per week. Data analysis was performed using Student's dependent t-tests (in order to examine pre- test and post-test of each group), one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were performed. The research results showed that exercise therapy has a significant effect on functional disability and pain level of carpet weavers with chronic back pain (P=0.0001). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        659 - Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) Approach for Optimization of the Surface Grinding Process
        Ahmad Afsari Mohammad Ramezani Shahin Heidari Jafar Karimi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        660 - Study of the Impact of Supply Chain Sustainability Dimensions on Sustainable Competitive Advantage with the Mediating Role of Production Flexibility and Strategic Flexibility (Case Study: Dairy Industry of Fars Province)
        Shahab Heidari Belgheis Bavarsad Majid  Nili Ahmad Abadi Saber Mola Alizade Zavardehi
        In today's competitive markets, organizations must possess a high level of adaptability to gain a competitive edge. To explore the impact of a sustainable supply chain on sustainable competitive advantage, this study examined strategic flexibility and flexibility-produc More
        In today's competitive markets, organizations must possess a high level of adaptability to gain a competitive edge. To explore the impact of a sustainable supply chain on sustainable competitive advantage, this study examined strategic flexibility and flexibility-productivity as mediating variables. The research focused specifically on the dairy industry in Fars province and involves industry experts from the domestic sector, selected through judgment sampling. Data was collected via a questionnaire, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed for analysis. The findings of the study indicated that the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of supply chain sustainability have a significant influence on product flexibility. Additionally, these dimensions have a notable impact on strategic flexibility, except for the social dimension's effect on production flexibility. Furthermore, both production and strategic flexibility positively and significantly contribute to the achievement of sustainable competitive advantage. In conclusion, this research highlighted the importance of a sustainable supply chain in attaining sustainable competitive advantage. The economic, environmental, and social dimensions play a crucial role in enhancing both product and strategic flexibility. By embracing sustainable practices and fostering flexibility in production and strategy, organizations in the dairy industry can maintain a competitive advantage over time. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        661 - A Novel Optimization Approach Applied to Multi-Pass Turning Process
        Amin Kolahdooz Hossein Towsyfyan Seyed Adnan Adnani Salehi Majed Ghayyem Farid Mosaedi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        662 - Optimization of Cutting Parameters Based on Production Time Using Colonial Competitive (CC) and Genetic (G) Algorithms
        Hossain Towsyfyan Seyed Adnan Adnani Salehi Shahed Mohammadi Sepideh Hadipour Moradi Basim Freegah
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        663 - Identification and Ranking Green Supplier Selection Criteria Using One-Sample T-Test and FANP Methods: A Case Study for Petrochemical Industry
        Pirouz Sayfi Merdad Nikbakht
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        664 - Investigating the Impact of Competition in the Product Market Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index on the Efficiency of Investing in Human Resources in Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
        Hamid Reza Mohammadi Atefeh Abbasi
        Nowadays, Daneshgar human resources are considered as the most important ability of the organization to gain a competitive advantage and also the main intangible asset, and the organization believes that employees should be the basis for improving the quality and effici More
        Nowadays, Daneshgar human resources are considered as the most important ability of the organization to gain a competitive advantage and also the main intangible asset, and the organization believes that employees should be the basis for improving the quality and efficiency of all organizational processes The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of competition in the product market using Herfindahl-Hirschman index on the efficiency of investment in human resources in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research data has been prepared using the library-documentation method and the statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1393 to 1398. Sampling was done by systematic elimination method and 124 companies were selected as a sample. This research is random, correlation and post-event. Multivariate regression technique using panel data method has been used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between competition in the product market using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the efficiency of investment in human resources. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        665 - Assessing the competence of auditors with the mediating role of neo-personality profile and extra-role behaviors
        shahrzad ahmadi alireza matoufi
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the competence of auditors with the mediating role of neo-personality profile and extra-role behaviors. The present study is a quantitative and applied purpose, which is a survey. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to te More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the competence of auditors with the mediating role of neo-personality profile and extra-role behaviors. The present study is a quantitative and applied purpose, which is a survey. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to test the model. The time domain of the present study includes the employees of the audit organization in Golestan province, which is during a period of time in 1400. The statistical sample includes 70 people from the mentioned community based on Cochran's formula. Which was analyzed using spss, pls software. For this purpose, two hypotheses were formed that the results of statistical analysis showed that there is no positive relationship between auditors' competence and neo-role behaviors and neo-personality profile. Also, Neo's personality profile does not mediate the effect of extra-role behaviors on audit competence. The results of this study contribute to the competence of auditors as well as their behavior and personality factors in the organization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        666 - investigate risk, financial flexibility and the role of product market competition in Tehran Stock Exchange companies
        ahmed khodamipour Hadis Javanmard
        It is important that financial flexibility is very important in the development of company financial decisions in the market. Financial by researchers is considered as one of the important components of the company's decisions, as well as the company's viewpoints to ris More
        It is important that financial flexibility is very important in the development of company financial decisions in the market. Financial by researchers is considered as one of the important components of the company's decisions, as well as the company's viewpoints to risk the company's decisions. Therefore, this study was aimed at studying the relationship between risk, financial flexibility and the role of product market competition in Tehran Stock Exchange companies. Research method of this study based on the purpose of implementation, of the type of applied research, which is done in a correlation method. Information required for testing and analyzing hypotheses from financial statements and their accompanying commentary notes from 130 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange as a statistical sample of 2014 to 2019 and has been edited. Systematic removal method (screening) was also used to determine the sample size and size. Linear regression data and linear regression model are used to test the research hypotheses. The findings from the test hypotheses test showed that the risk and competitiveness of the product market are positively related to financial flexibility and that product market competition has no effect on the relationship between risk and financial flexibility. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        667 - Disclosure of E-commerce Secrets Stipulated Under the Competition Law of Iran and Law of European Union
        vadood barzi Ali Gharibe Ismaeil Saghiri Nsaer Masoudi
        10.30495/cyberlaw.2022.696587
        In free commercial competition, each company has its own competitive policy, programs and special goals. Each of these entities has two categories of news and information. Some of this information do not have any special confidentiality and, therefore, the other compani More
        In free commercial competition, each company has its own competitive policy, programs and special goals. Each of these entities has two categories of news and information. Some of this information do not have any special confidentiality and, therefore, the other companies in addition to the general buyers and consumers of products have the right to be aware in order to step into deal with them having sufficient knowledge and information. But, the other category of the information which companies possess are completely confidential and classified. All companies must refrain from acquiring and disseminating such type of information pursuing the aims which include weakening or elimination of competitors, elimination of competition and creation of monopoly. Competition Law covering issues such as electronic commerce regulations under the Iran's legal system and certain treaties, agreements and directives in the European Union's legal system constitute attempts at protecting these trade secrets through prohibition of such actions and incorporation of multiple execution guarantees. In terms of special importance these secret information has in free competition and global trade, the present research tries to study, analyze and assess the concept and state the types of secrets and the legal bases of banning its disclosure in electronic commerce as stipulated under the Competition Law of Iran and Law of European Union by referring to the reliable and valid domestic and international sources. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        668 - Magnetic Induction Tomography: A Review of Process and Medical Tomography Systems
        Mohammad Reza Yousefi
        Being a non-contact safe imaging technique, MIT has been an appropriate method for non-invasive and non-destructive industrial and medical imaging. In this imaging method, a primary magnetic field is applied by one or more excitation coils to induce eddy currents in the More
        Being a non-contact safe imaging technique, MIT has been an appropriate method for non-invasive and non-destructive industrial and medical imaging. In this imaging method, a primary magnetic field is applied by one or more excitation coils to induce eddy currents in the material to be studied, and then the secondary magnetic field from these eddy currents is detected in sensing coils. Image reconstruction is obtained from estimated electric conductivity coefficients by using measurement data and solutions of forward and inverse problems. MIT is a promising modality for noninvasive medical imaging due to its contactless and nonionizing technology. On the other hand, one of the needs of experts in oil/gas industry is to get information about process inside pipelines and tanks containing oil and gas, which is usually not accessible without disconnecting the process. For this reason, tremendous efforts have been made on measurements and nondestructive tests without physical disconnecting the process. In recent years, applications of process tomography as an imaging non-invasive tool for imaging from inside of pipelines, monitoring and measuring flows have increased. In this Paper, the properties of process and medical tomography systems reviewed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        669 - Compensation of Actuator’s Saturation by Using Fuzzy Logic and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm in a System with PID Controller
        Abbas Ali Zamani Seyed Mohammad Kargar Dehnavi
        Physical systems always include constraints and limits. Usually, the limits and constraints, in the control systems, are appeared as temperature and pressure limits or pumps capacity. One of the existing limits in the systems with PID controller is associated with the a More
        Physical systems always include constraints and limits. Usually, the limits and constraints, in the control systems, are appeared as temperature and pressure limits or pumps capacity. One of the existing limits in the systems with PID controller is associated with the actuator&rsquo;s saturation limits. With the saturating of the actuator, the controller&rsquo;s output and plant&rsquo;s input will be different and the output signal of controller do not lead the system and their states could not update correctly where this issue makes the system response undesirable. In this paper, by adding a fuzzy compensator that it&rsquo;s parameters are tuned using imperialist competitive algorithm, the actuator saturation is prevented and the important parameters of the system response, such as setting time and overshoot, are improved. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        670 - The Competitiveness Status of Iranian Tourism during COVID-19 using Structural Analysis Method (Host community: Ramsar Residents)
        Vadood Javan Amani Hamid Akbari
        One of the most recent crises facing the international community, including Iran, is the Corona virus. Due to its characteristics, this crisis is different from other crises and has affected the tourism industry much more than other crises. In this regard, the present a More
        One of the most recent crises facing the international community, including Iran, is the Corona virus. Due to its characteristics, this crisis is different from other crises and has affected the tourism industry much more than other crises. In this regard, the present article tries to identify and cluster the stimuli affecting the tourism competitiveness of Iran for the Corona period using the method of structural analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude and behavior of the host community towards the presence of tourists during the outbreak of Covid-19 in the tourist destination. Integrated threat theory was used to shape the theoretical framework. Qualitative research method was statistical population, residents and judgmental sampling method and the number of statistical samples based on theoretical saturation was 21. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed based on content analysis and open and centralized coding. Findings of the study presented new dimensions of host-tourist interaction in the Corona period based on the integration of theories of social exchange and integrated threat. The present article concludes that although the attitude of most people towards the presence of tourists in this period has been negative, but it can be accepted by emphasizing the dependence of livelihood and economy on tourism and conditional reception of tourists and at the same time the health of the people in the country given priority. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        671 - Religious Tourism and Motivations for Attending Religious Leadership Conferences (Spiritual Leadership Development Approach)
        Mostafa Heidari Haratemeh
        Religious conferences are a new form of spiritual event for leaders with institutional/ministerial roles. Despite considerable research in this area, it is largely unclear what exactly motivates these leaders to attend a religious conference. Therefore, the real goal of More
        Religious conferences are a new form of spiritual event for leaders with institutional/ministerial roles. Despite considerable research in this area, it is largely unclear what exactly motivates these leaders to attend a religious conference. Therefore, the real goal of conceptualizing religious tourism and developing spiritual leadership was considered with the approach of religious leadership conferences. Sampling was determined as a non-probability purpose for four religious events from all religious conferences held on holidays in 1398. The conceptual framework includes the theory of spiritual leadership (over 2003), the core competencies of religious leadership (Malphurs and Mancini (2004), and the characteristics of segmentation variables (Tkaczynski and Rundle-Thiele 2011) for determining the intrinsic motivation, attending a religious conference in five designed spiritual encouragement, listening to an influential lecturer, better equipment in an organizational role, listening to other speakers, and motivating one to be involved in leadership. The results showed that although the core competencies of knowledge, executive skills, emotions, and personality appear in a comprehensive and all-encompassing way, the two important motivations seemed to be spiritual encouragement (skills) and better equipped with the current organizational role (personality) representing the key motivators for attendance. Some conferences reflect the theme of the event. Music which is here meant saying prayers and supplications is useful for encouraging a tourist's beliefs but is not a major motivator for attending a conference. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        672 - The Differential Effects of Task Repetition and Task Familiarity on EFL Learners’ Writing Performance in Weblog Based Environment
        Zari Sadat Seyyedrezaei Aytai Gharavi Masumeh Sadat Seyyedrezaei Atefeh Zebarjadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        673 - Compilation of agricultural products bundling model
        Abas papi Fereydoun Omidi ُSoheila Zarinjoy Alvar
        The aim of this research is to Compilation of agricultural products bundling modelThis research is fundamental in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of method, and the foundation&#039;s data theorizing approach has been used. The participants in this research More
        The aim of this research is to Compilation of agricultural products bundling modelThis research is fundamental in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of method, and the foundation&#039;s data theorizing approach has been used. The participants in this research include all the experts of the exporting companies of agricultural products in Khuzestan province with at least 10 years of export experience. This research is applied in terms of objective and in terms of qualitative method and the foundation&#039;s data theorizing approach has been used. The participants in this research include all the experts of agricultural products exporting companies in Khuzestan province with at least 10 years of export experience.In this part, in the open coding stage, 389 codes extracted from 16 semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable experts and specialists in the research field were converted into 110 more abstract concepts and finally 31 dimensions and 13 main categories in the form of a paradigm model under the title of management, the following factors structure of export, political factors, economic factors, social and cultural factors, laws and government administrative system, government economic policies, export marketing strategy, government support strategies, This can create a good competitive advantage over other competitors and lead to export growth, and according to the conditions of the region, it is possible to use the maximum capacity to achieve efficiency. Used in the export of agricultural products. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        674 - Multimodal transportation development strategies in order to increase competitiveness and infrastructural development in the country's transit and logistics space
        sorosh oroji Mohamadhoseyan Shokatpoor
        This research was conducted with the aim of investigating multimodal transportation development strategies in order to increase competitiveness and infrastructure development in the transit and logistics area of the country. This study is a quantitative research in term More
        This research was conducted with the aim of investigating multimodal transportation development strategies in order to increase competitiveness and infrastructure development in the transit and logistics area of the country. This study is a quantitative research in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of the method of collecting descriptive survey information, and in terms of the method of data analysis. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the employees of Kashtrani Combined Transport Company, whose number was 250, and 120 of them were selected by random sampling. The tool for collecting information in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the measurement tool was performed using the first order confirmatory factor analysis and the factor loading for all items was greater than 0.4. The overall reliability of this questionnaire was calculated and confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.7. The findings showed that laws and decrees with an impact factor of 0.281, the type of export and import needs with an impact factor of 0.280, the development of multimodal transport companies with an impact factor of 0.286, and hardware and software infrastructure with an impact factor of 0.257. The development of multimodal transportation has a significant impact at the 95% confidence level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        675 - The Role of Human Capital Impact on Competitive Advantage with the Mediating Role of Brand Management Capability and Market Dynamics Moderator
        fatemeh rezaee rad MohammadBagher Poranjafzadeh Ardakani
        Today, the role of intellectual capital in achieving the goals and programs of reputable companies and organizations is important. The lasting effects of this phenomenon on managers and professionals in this field are obvious. Creative directors with intelligent and sci More
        Today, the role of intellectual capital in achieving the goals and programs of reputable companies and organizations is important. The lasting effects of this phenomenon on managers and professionals in this field are obvious. Creative directors with intelligent and scientific planning try to improve the role and impact of these factors in continuous improvement of the quality of activities and organizational excellence. This paper aimed to investigate the role of human capital on competitive advantage considering the mediating role of brand management capability and moderating market dynamics. The research method was descriptive (survey) and applied in terms of purpose.The statistical population of the study is all the managers in charge of 5-star hotels, marketing and sales managers, internal management and employees with a history of 10 years or more. The sample size was estimated based on Cochran formula of 198 people by cluster random sampling. The data collection tool was Al-Sharnobi and Albana standard questionnaire (2021) with 18 items. In this study, content and construct validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used to determine the validity of the questionnaires. The collected data from the questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS and smartpls3 software. The findings showed that human capital had a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage and brand management capability. Market dynamics also had a moderating role in the relationship between competitive advantage and brand management capabilities.And brand management capability played a mediating role between the relationship between human capital and competitive advantage. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        676 - Analyzing the role of innovation on the competitive advantage of knowledge-based companies
        Mina Sarshar Majid Fattahi Niloufar Imankhan
        One of the requirements for the development of knowledge-based companies is to pay attention to the category of evaluating their performance.Considering the emergence of companies and organizations whosemain foundation is based on knowledge and the use of ideas, creativ More
        One of the requirements for the development of knowledge-based companies is to pay attention to the category of evaluating their performance.Considering the emergence of companies and organizations whosemain foundation is based on knowledge and the use of ideas, creativity, and innovations, the need for thecorrect application of knowledge the organization becomes more and more apparent day by day.In ordertotake advantageof market opportunitiesandcreate new products, knowledge-based companies, in additiontoentrepreneurial orientation, need to use effective marketing strategies and sales strategies.Consideringthe extensive changes and continuous dynamics of the business environment,aswell as the importance of the resilience of start-up businesses, especially knowledge-based companies, one of the effective strategies in this field to gain a sustainable competitive advantage is innovation performance. The purpose of this research is to examine the role of innovation on the competitive advantage of knowledge-based companies. This is a review article complemented by observational research and empirical documentation. First, it was studied based on library studies and internet searches in reliable databases such as Scopus,Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar and advanced search in Google In this study,100 domestic and foreign texts were examined, of which 45articles were about competitive advantage and innovation in knowledge-based companies,and finally 15 articles were used.Findings show that innovation capabilities,competitive advantage,marketing can significantly improve innovation performance.Also, the capabilities of resource allocation andresearch and development cansignificantly lead to the improvement of new product introduction.As aresult, creating a competitive advantage of knowledge-based companies dependson innovation and providing a platform for the sales strategy program for managers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        677 - Experimental and numerical evaluation of rheological and mechanical properties of self-compacting concretes containing steel fibers and PET using response surface method (RSM)
        hamed basser Taleb Moradi Shaghaghi hasan afshin saleh ahari saeed mirrezaei
        In the modern characteristics of concrete design based on daily needs, the use of recycled materials is an important and basic principle. Therefore, in the present study, PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) has been substituted for fine aggregates in self-compacting concre More
        In the modern characteristics of concrete design based on daily needs, the use of recycled materials is an important and basic principle. Therefore, in the present study, PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) has been substituted for fine aggregates in self-compacting concrete. The aim of this study is to produce and optimize the mechanical and rheological properties of environmentally friendly self-compacting concretes. Input variables in the mixtures include (PET) as a substitute for a percentage of fine aggregates, steel fibers, powder stone as a substitute for a percentage of cement weight, and lubricant as a percentage of powder material weight. The studied responses are slump flow, L-box ratio (H2 / H1), compressive and tensile strengths. Mixing schemes were designed and studied using the Central Composite Design (CCD) method, which is one of the RSM (Response Surface Methodology) methods. The results demonstrated that with increasing PET, the rheological and mechanical properties of the mixtures decreased while the fibers effectively improved the reduction of strengths. Applying mathematical models provided by ANOVA, multi-objective optimizations were performed to maximize compressive strength by the RSM method and an optimal mixing scheme based on experimental results was proposed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        678 - Model of managers' competency with e-learning approach (virtual) (Case study: Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan Branch)
        hadi Kezerouni Shamiri Saeid moradi jamal salimi esfandyar doshmanzyari batol fagharam
        The present study was conducted to identify the competencies of managers of e-learning (virtual) approach in the Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan Branch. This study is a combination of meta-analysis of qualitative research. The studied statistical population in the qu More
        The present study was conducted to identify the competencies of managers of e-learning (virtual) approach in the Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan Branch. This study is a combination of meta-analysis of qualitative research. The studied statistical population in the qualitative part of the research is based on the data theory of the foundation. The research method is data based on the type of research. The statistical population of experts (at least 5 years of management experience) 30 people were selected by snowball method. The method of data collection was interview to theoretical saturation. The methods of data analysis were open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that the meritocracy components of the managers of the Islamic Azad University of Khuzestan Province led to the identification of 186 items, 12 components and 4 dimensions. In a small part, Friedman test was used and priorities were used based on mean weighting. Specialized - knowledge competencies (educational competencies, research competencies, scientific competencies, skill competencies), communicative competencies (individual competencies, organizational competencies, social competencies), competencies Structural-professional orientation (technological and technological competencies, intellectual competencies, personality competencies) Moral-value competencies (doctrinal competencies, spiritual "religious and cultural" competencies) were formed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        679 - Factors Affecting the Success of Mobile Learning Implementation Using the Theory of Reasoned Action
        Hosein Molaei Aliabadi Shahram Mehravar Giglou Abasalt Khorasani Korosh Fathi Vagargah
        The goal of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the success of mobile learning implementation in the employees of the Shazand Petrochemical Company by using the theory of reasoned action. The research method was practical with respect to purpose, and descri More
        The goal of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the success of mobile learning implementation in the employees of the Shazand Petrochemical Company by using the theory of reasoned action. The research method was practical with respect to purpose, and descriptive-correlational in terms of collecting the data. The statistical population in this study was all the employees of the Shazand Petrochemical Company and the size of the population in the year 2014 was a total of 1700 persons. Using simple random sampling, 313 persons were chosen as the sample. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, which reliability was 0.88. Also, the Pearson&rsquo;s correlation coefficient test and the multiple regression were used to test the research questions. Due to the results obtained from the willingness to learn, behavioral control, knowledge, mindset, and intention of learning in the employees of the Shazand Petrochemical Company revealed that there was a very positive and congruent mindset about this type of learning among the company&rsquo;s employees. Also, the willingness to learn, behavioral control, knowledge, and mindset predict the intention of mobile-based learning among the Shazand Petrochemical Company employees. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        680 - The Relationship of Information Technology with Competitive Advantage and Knowledge Management Capacity
        Mohammad Salehi Seyede Zahra Hoseini Dronkolaei Ali Reza Ghasemi Komishani
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between information technology with competitive advantage and knowledge management capacity. The research method was applied and in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive and correlation. Statist More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between information technology with competitive advantage and knowledge management capacity. The research method was applied and in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive and correlation. Statistical population was managers and computer operators of Mazandaran Province Airport in the year of 2017 (130 persons). According to Cochran formula sample size was calculated 97 persons. The sampling was done randomly. Data was collected by standard questionnaire (Hongyi et al., 2016), that its validity was confirmed by related experts. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was calculated for information technology 0.83, competitive advantage 0.82 and knowledge management capacity 0.80. Data were analyzed by using Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Regression tests. The results showed that Information technology had a positive and significant relationship with competitive advantage and knowledge management capacity. Also the relationship between competitive advantage and knowledge management capacity had confirmed. Regression analysis also indicated a positive relationship between information technology with competitive advantage and knowledge management capacity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        681 - Comparison of cognitive emotion regulation, social competence and aggression among normal and internet addicted adolescents (Case study: 18-18 year old students in Tabriz)
        Saeid sharifi Rahnemo Mehri Saniei ayatolla fathi Majid Sharifi Rahnamo
        The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the differences in cognitive emotion regulation, social competence, and aggression among adolescents with internet addiction and normal adolescents in Tabriz. The purpose of this study is fundamental, in terms of p More
        The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the differences in cognitive emotion regulation, social competence, and aggression among adolescents with internet addiction and normal adolescents in Tabriz. The purpose of this study is fundamental, in terms of purpose, and in terms of causal-comparative data collection. The target population includes all high school adolescents in Tabriz between the ages of 15 and 18 years. By simple random sampling method, 100 students who scored higher than the mean of the questionnaire (score above 40) as individuals with internet addiction Known and compared with research group using peer group (100 normal students). For gathering information, Flannery et al.'s (1990) social competence scale, Garnefsky's, Craig &amp; Spinhaun's (2002) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Young's Internet Addiction Test, and Arnold H. Boss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire (1992) were used to analyze. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of adolescents with internet addiction and normal adolescents in terms of self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive re-focus, re-focus on planning, etc. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        682 - Determining the Main Factors Causing the Tendency to E-learning among the Professors of Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch
        Mahmonir Alizadeh Batool Faghih Aram Amirhossein Mahdizadeh
        The purpose of this study was to identify the main factors causing the tendency to e-learning among the professors of Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr. Considering the purpose, the study was an applied research adopting an exploratory survey approach for the data c More
        The purpose of this study was to identify the main factors causing the tendency to e-learning among the professors of Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr. Considering the purpose, the study was an applied research adopting an exploratory survey approach for the data collection. The statistical population consisted of 300 faculty members working in different faculties in 2014. Using the stratified random sampling and according to the H. S. Bola table, 169 people were selected as the statistical sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to identify the factors causing the tendency to e-learning among the professors. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by professors and experts and the Chronbach's alpha was used to estimate the reliability which was 0.79. Using the SPSS software and the exploratory factor analysis, the research data were analyzed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the findings, the factors including managers&rsquo; support, environmental factors, infrastructures, educational system equipment, and e-learning content had the highest impact (70%). Also, the other factors including high-speed internet, hardware facilities, and observing standards influenced the tendency to e-learning among the professors of Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr. The specific values of the first and second factors were 65.68 and 18.005, respectively. According to the variance results, the first and second priorities are respectively managers&rsquo; support and environmental factors, infrastructures, and e-learning equipment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        683 - Providing a Meta-Synthesis Model of Competencies of E-Learning Courses Instructors
        Ensieh Ramezanpour javad pourkarimi Seyed Omid Fatemi Davoud Masoumi
        The aim of this study was to identify the competencies of e-learning courses instructors and provide a model to explain them. In this study, meta-synthesis method of seven stages of "Sandloski and Baruso" used. Based on this, the research community provided the database More
        The aim of this study was to identify the competencies of e-learning courses instructors and provide a model to explain them. In this study, meta-synthesis method of seven stages of "Sandloski and Baruso" used. Based on this, the research community provided the databases (Five English databases including Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Eric and ProQuest and one Persian database including Elmnet) and formed prestigious domestic and foreign journals in this field, which 328 sources were found. Sampling was performed based on meta-combination steps. During the overcrowding process, 35 samples were selected based on pre-determined criteria related to the main research question. In order to analyze the data, open and central coding was used and in order to determine the reliability of the research data, the strategy of approval of the research colleagues was used. During the process of analysis and composition and according to the concepts emphasized in the selected articles, the competencies model of e-learning courses instructors by extracting 118 concepts, 26 categories and 9 dimensions (technological competency, speciality competency, pedagogy competency, guidance competency, social competency, individual competency, moral competency, managerial competency and self-development competency( were formed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        684 - Identifying the dimensions of social media on cultural management with a competitive approach in universities: a qualitative analysis based on the opinion of subject experts.
        seyedeh somayeh Asadollahzadeh bali Fatemeh Taheri, aliasghar shojaee
        The purpose of the current research was to investigate the role of social media on cultural management with a competitive approach in universities. This study was conducted using a qualitative method using a semi-structured interview and qualitative content analysis wit More
        The purpose of the current research was to investigate the role of social media on cultural management with a competitive approach in universities. This study was conducted using a qualitative method using a semi-structured interview and qualitative content analysis with a comparative approach. The research community included all the cultural leaders, cultural vice presidents, experienced executive managers in cultural work and senior cultural experts in the universities of Mazandaran province, and a total of 21 of them were selected and their votes and opinions were analyzed by snowball sampling. The research findings have been analyzed by MAXQDA software. The research findings showed the role of social media on cultural management, including the type of culture; How to manage culture; Application of cultural management; The influence of cultural management. Today, the media play a significant role in the advancement of cultural management in society and human civilization by transmitting information and new information and exchanging public thoughts and opinions. With the proper use of social media, favorable conditions can be provided for socialization, and after that, the improvement of the performance style among individuals, organizations, universities, and institutions and in the interaction on the surrounding environment emerges. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        685 - Model of competencies of e-learning teachers in creating self-directed learning of learners
        زهره alimardani javad pourkarimi
        The purpose of this study is to provide a model of competence of virtual education teachers in creating self-directed learning in learners. The method of the present study was qualitative, which was done phenomenologically in the second semester (1400-1399). The study p More
        The purpose of this study is to provide a model of competence of virtual education teachers in creating self-directed learning in learners. The method of the present study was qualitative, which was done phenomenologically in the second semester (1400-1399). The study population consisted of 100 faculty members and lecturers in the field of educational sciences and educational psychology of universities (government and Payame Noor). The instrument used was a semi-structured interview, which was collected through correspondence and sending questions via e-mail. The study participants were 15 faculty members who were saturated with this number of data. Data were analyzed using contextual analysis. Based on the content analysis, 19 basic themes and 5 constructive themes related to the competence of virtual instructors were obtained. Findings indicate that the competencies of e-learning teachers include information literacy competencies (individual knowledge, knowledge of educational patterns, technological knowledge, activity framework skills, skills of implementing educational principles); Individual competencies (critical thinking, analytical thinking, responsibility, time management); Educational competencies (participatory learning, competency-based approach, lifelong learning approach, attention to constructive learning) Social competence (adaptability skills, virtual team building skills, effective interaction with learners) and psychological competencies (creativity and innovation, self-assessment), self-efficacy Learners' self-directed learning has a great impact. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        686 - Identification of Professors' Professional Competencies in e-learning environments (Delphi Techniques)
        Alireza Youzbashi Sakineh pajhohi
        The purpose of this paper was to identify the professional competencies of faculty members in virtual education environments. This study was conducted by Delphi method. In this research, after examining the documents about the professional competencies of faculty member More
        The purpose of this paper was to identify the professional competencies of faculty members in virtual education environments. This study was conducted by Delphi method. In this research, after examining the documents about the professional competencies of faculty members, 21 faculty members taught in electronic universities were selected as the statistical sample of the study. The professor&rsquo;s professional Competencies components in e-learning environments, is classified into three personal, educational and technologic categories. Which, in personal level: the responsibility sense component, in educational level: the professor&rsquo;s comprehensive looking and deep speculation and in technical level: the domination, organizing and producing concepts, are the most important components in professor&rsquo;s professional efficiency. based on the theoretical and practical studies, the professor&rsquo;s professional efficiency norms in electronic education environments, were in three dimensions: the personal, educational and technical Competencies that each of these dimensions, had sun-components which after the survey from students, the valid sub-components of each of these Competencies, were measured Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        687 - Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Apium petroseli-num essential oil on food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria
        Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori Mahmoud Rafieian-kopaei Ali Sharafati Chaleshtori Elham Salehi
        In this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and its antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic&nbsp;bacteria studied in vitro. Having extracted the essential oil, the total pheno More
        In this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and its antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic&nbsp;bacteria studied in vitro. Having extracted the essential oil, the total phenols were determined&nbsp;colorimetrically and the antioxidant activities evaluated by bleaching of &beta;-Carotene. Its antibacterial effects in the form of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by Micro Dilution method against Alcaligenes faecalis, Providensia rettgeri, Serratia marcesens, Klebsiella oxitoka, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Listeria monocytogenes. The results revealed that the amount of total phenols was 8.18&plusmn;0.45 mg/g equivalent with Gallic acid and the antioxidant activities were 45&plusmn;1.52 %. In addition, the APEO had antimicrobial effects on the above bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was between 1.562 and 12.5 and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was between 3.125 and 25 mg/ml. Therefore, APEO, because of having phenolic contents, enjoys antioxidant activities and antibacterial effects recommending as a&nbsp;suitable preservative in food industries. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        688 - Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Apium petroselinum essential oil on food spoilage and pathogenic
        Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori Mahmoud Rafieian Kopaei Ali Sharafati Chaleshtori Elham Salehi
        &nbsp; Abstract In this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and it's antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria was in vitro studied. Having extracted the essential oil More
        &nbsp; Abstract In this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and it's antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria was in vitro studied. Having extracted the essential oil, the total phenols were determined colorimetrically and the antioxidant activities evaluated by bleaching of &beta;-Carotene. Its antibacterial effects in the form of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by Micro Dilution method against Alcaligenes faecalis, Providensia rettgeri, Serratia marcesens, Klebsiella oxitoka, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Listeria monocytogenes. The results revealed that the amount of total phenols was 8.18&plusmn;0.45 mg/g equivalent with Gallic acid and the antioxidant activities were 45&plusmn;1.52 %. In addition, the APEO had antimicrobial effects on the above bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was between 1.562 and 12.5 and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was between 3.125 and 25 mg/ml. Therefore, APEO, because of having phenolic contents, enjoys antioxidant activities and antibacterial effects recommending as a suitable preservative in food industries. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        689 - Nigella sativa برای مدیریت بیماری ویروسی دنگی: با توجه به شواهد و تجزیه و تحلیل POM برای شناسایی سایت های فارماکوفور ضد ویروسی: یک بررسی
        ناینا محمد پاککر میدین طیبی بن حدا فیصال المالکی حمید لاروسی سامه سلیمان سارکار کوثر
        10.30495/medherb.2023.702425
        Background &amp; Aim: The number of dengue virus (DENV) infection cases has increased dramatically over the past two decades, with an estimated 3.9 billion cases across the globe potentially at risk. Patients with a DENV infection are managed symptomatically and by supp More
        Background &amp; Aim: The number of dengue virus (DENV) infection cases has increased dramatically over the past two decades, with an estimated 3.9 billion cases across the globe potentially at risk. Patients with a DENV infection are managed symptomatically and by supportive care since there is no approved antiviral drug yet for its management. On the other hand, N. sativa has been highlighted as a potential antiviral, particularly against DENV.Experimental: Hence, the anti-DENV potential of N. sativa is analyzed in this review using major databases, including Medline/PMC/PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Moreover, the Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) bioinformatics platform-2019 was used to analyze a series of compounds (1-15) identified in N. sativa (black seeds) to identify those with promising antiviral pharmacophore sites.Results: Preliminary research showed the potential of N. sativa in the control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and the enhancement of platelet counts. In addition, several clinical, animal, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of N. sativa. Furthermore, calculation of the physico-chemical properties of N. sativa compounds using POM analyses indicated that dithymoquinone possesses potential antiviral activity with two (O, O&rsquo;) pharmacophore sites.Recommended applications/industries: As a result, N. sativa can be employed as an adjuvant/supportive therapy in the management of DENV infection in the early stages of the illness. Furthermore, N. sativa can be a source of new lead anti-DENV drugs. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        690 - ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیتهای بیولوژیکی Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines، Nepeta graciliflora Benth. و Nepeta cataria L. از هند
        مونیکا جوشی راوندرا کومار ام پراکاش آنیل پانت D. راوات
        10.30495/medherb.2021.683393
        Background &amp; Aim:Intraditional medicine system, Nepeta species are widely used to reduce chicken pox, tuberculosis, malaria, pneumonia, influenza, measles, stomach disorders, eye complaints, respiratory disorders, asthma, colds, coughs etc. The aim of the present st More
        Background &amp; Aim:Intraditional medicine system, Nepeta species are widely used to reduce chicken pox, tuberculosis, malaria, pneumonia, influenza, measles, stomach disorders, eye complaints, respiratory disorders, asthma, colds, coughs etc. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils from three species of genus Nepeta viz: Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines (NHO), Nepeta graciliflora Benth (NGO) and Nepeta cataria L (NCO). Experimental: The essential oils were analysed by the combination of GC and GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was tested by using reducing power assay, metal chelating of Fe2 +assay, and DPPH radical scavenging assay. In-vitro antinflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay and anti-diabetic activity was determined by using &alpha;-amylase assay. Results: The major components present in NCO, NHO and NGO were cis-nepetalactone (69.78%), &beta;-farnesene (43.41%) and sesquisabinene (28.75%), respectively. NCO showed the highest percentage inhibition of DPPH radical (IC50=5.89 &micro;l/ml) followed by NHO (IC50=8.63 &micro;l/ml) and then NGO (IC50=13.81 &micro;l/ml). In terms of reducing power assay and metal chelating of Fe2+&nbsp; assay, the highest antioxidant activity was also shown by NCO. Among the tested essential oil, NCO showed highest in-vitro anti-inflammatory potential (IC50 18.463&plusmn;0.14 &micro;g/ml) followed by NGO and NHO with IC50 22.035&plusmn;0.11 &micro;g/ml and 26.17&plusmn;0.14 &micro;g/ml, respectively. NHO showed maximum antidiabetic activity with IC50 8.92&plusmn;0.10 &micro;g/ml of &alpha;-amylase. Recommended applications/industries: On the basis of present research work it is marked that the essential oil of Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines, Nepeta graciliflora Benth. and Nepeta cataria L. is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agent indicating their potentiality in the field of food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        691 - بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و اجزاء فرار در گیاه برازمبل و پونه سای انبوه رشد یافته به صورت وحشی در ایران با روشهای مختلف
        پرویز آبرومند آذز کامبیز لاریجانی نرجس کلانتری
        مقدمه و هدف: اسانس از قسمتهای مختلف گیاه شامل گلها، دانه ها، برگها و ریشه جداسازی می شود. از این اسانسها به طور گسترده در تولید عطر، لوارم آرایشی بهداشتی، مواد غذایی، نوشیدنیها و شیرینی جات استفاده می شود. به علاوه به عنوان یک جزء در ترکیبات ضدعفونی کننده و حشره کشها کا More
        مقدمه و هدف: اسانس از قسمتهای مختلف گیاه شامل گلها، دانه ها، برگها و ریشه جداسازی می شود. از این اسانسها به طور گسترده در تولید عطر، لوارم آرایشی بهداشتی، مواد غذایی، نوشیدنیها و شیرینی جات استفاده می شود. به علاوه به عنوان یک جزء در ترکیبات ضدعفونی کننده و حشره کشها کاربرد دارند. روش تحقیق: اسانس با استفاده از چندین روش مانند تقطیر آبی، تقطیر با بخار، استخراج فاز جامد، تقطیر به همراه ماکروویو و استخراج بدون حلال توسط ماکروویو &nbsp;استخراج می شوند که در این تحقیق از روشهای تقطیر آبی، استخراج بدون حلال توسط ماکروویو و استخراج فاز جامد جهت استحصال اسانس از&nbsp;برازمبل&nbsp;و پونه سای انبوه&nbsp;پرورش یافته در ایران استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: کامفور (با مقادیر 2/15%، 5/15% و 02/9% در سه روش ذکر شده)، 1,8-cineole(با مقادیر 03/15%، 21/14% و 87/9%) و &sect;-carene( با مقادیر 4/6%، 19/7% و 78/9%) مهمترین ترکیبات شناسایی شده در اسانس برازمبل بودند. Geraniol با مقدار 74/12% و &beta;-caryophyllene با مقدار 05/10% در اسانس به دست آمده از روش تقطیر آبی شناسایی شدند در حالیکه carvacrol با میزان 52/70% و &beta;-caryophyllene با میزان 13/4% در روش استخراج بدون حلال توسط ماکروویو مشاهده شدند و از جمله مهمترین ترکیبات در اسانس پونه سای انبوه&nbsp;بودند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        692 - بررسی پروفایل روغن های اسانسی حاصل از اندام های هوائی گیاه پونه سای البرزی با استفاده از روش های کلاسیک و روش های مبتنی بر مایکروویو: مقایسه با اجزاء فرار با استفاده از میکرواستخراج فاز جامد فضای فوقانی
        مجید محمدحسینی
        زمینه و هدف: گیاه پونه سای البرزی یک گیاه داروئی بوده و این گزارش به شناسائی ساختارهای شیمیائی روغن های اسانسی و اجزاء فرار حاصل از اندام های هوائی این گیاه با استفاده از روش های سنتی و پیشرفته اختصاص دارد. روش تحقیق: پروفایل های شیمیائی روغن های اسانسی و اجزاء فرار حاص More
        زمینه و هدف: گیاه پونه سای البرزی یک گیاه داروئی بوده و این گزارش به شناسائی ساختارهای شیمیائی روغن های اسانسی و اجزاء فرار حاصل از اندام های هوائی این گیاه با استفاده از روش های سنتی و پیشرفته اختصاص دارد. روش تحقیق: پروفایل های شیمیائی روغن های اسانسی و اجزاء فرار حاصل از اندام های هوائی گیاه پونه سای البرزی با استفاده از روش تقطیر با آب، استخراج مایکروویو بدون حلال، تقطیر با آب به کمک مایکروویو و میکرواستخراج فاز جامد فضای فوقانی، در ادامه با دستگاه های کروماتوگراف گازی و کروماتوگراف گازی- طیف سنج جرمی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: مجموعاً، 25، 26، 24 و 24 جزء در پروفایلهای شیمیائی شناسائی شدند که به ترتیب 98/1،96/6، 97/7 و 96/4 درصد کل ساختار را در بر می گیرند. در تمامی نمونه ها (به استثناء پروفایل حاصل از روش تقطیر با آب به کمک مایکروویو) بیشترین فراوانی متعلق به مونوترپن های اکسیژن دار بود در حالیکه در ساختار روغن استحصال شده به روش تقطیر با آب به کمک مایکروویو مونوترپن های هیدروکربنه بیشترین درصد را در اختیار داشتند. ترکیب ۴-آ-آلفا، ۷-آلفا، ۷-آ-آلفا، نپتولاکتون فراوان ترین ترکیب در روش های تقطیر با آب، استخراج مایکروویو بدون حلال و میکرواستخراج فاز جامد فضای فوقانی و ترکیب ۴-آ-آلفا، ۷-آلفا، ۷-آ-بتا نپتولاکتون، به عنوان مونوترپن اکسیژن دار وافر در روش تقطیر با آب به کمک مایکروویو، شناسائی شد. توصیه های صنعتی و عملی: استفاده از روش های جداسازی پیشرفته برای استحصال روغن های اسانسی سودمند، مقرون بصرفه زمانی بوده و در مقایسه با روش های سنتی و کلاسیک بمراتب مناسبتر هستند. بعلاوه، اهمیت این مطالعه، ریشه در این حقیقت دارد که روغن های اسانسی سرشار از مونوترپن های اکسیژن دار و مونوترپن های هیدروکربنه می توانند محافظت کننده های قوی فرآورده های غذائی و آنتی اکسیدان هائی بی نظیر باشند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        693 - تجزیه فیتوشیمی اسانس سرشاخه گلدار آویشن کرمانی، برگ مورد و میوه گلپر برفی یا کوهستانی (کرسوم)
        لیلا صداقت بروجنی محمد حجت الاسلامی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی هومان مولوی
        مقدمه و هدف: استفاده از گیاهان دارویی در قالب طب سنتی برای درمان بیماری&shy;ها و مصارف دیگر در صنایع غذایی، آرایشی و بهداشتی از دیر باز مورد توجه بوده&shy;است. با توجه به خواص درمانی گلپر برفی (.Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss)، مورد (Myrtus communis L.) و آویشن&shy;کرمانی More
        مقدمه و هدف: استفاده از گیاهان دارویی در قالب طب سنتی برای درمان بیماری&shy;ها و مصارف دیگر در صنایع غذایی، آرایشی و بهداشتی از دیر باز مورد توجه بوده&shy;است. با توجه به خواص درمانی گلپر برفی (.Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss)، مورد (Myrtus communis L.) و آویشن&shy;کرمانی (Thymus carmanicus Jalas) این تحقیق با هدف بررسی عملکرد و ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس آن&shy;ها انجام گرفت. روش تحقیق: اسانس&shy;های سرشاخه گلدار آویشن کرمانی جمع آوری شده از ارتفاعات کرمان، برگ&shy;های مورد و میوه گلپر برفی (کرسوم) جمع آوری شده از&nbsp; استان چهارمحال و بختیاری به روش تقطیر با آب استخراج شدند و سپس به روش گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) تجزیه شدند. نتایج و بحث: عملکرد اسانس حاصل ازبرگ مورد معادل 56/0 میلی لیتر در 100 گرم ماده خشک، آویشن کرمانی &nbsp;با 60/1 میلی لیتر در 100 گرم ماده خشک و گلپر برفی به میزان&nbsp; 35/0 میلی لیتر در 100 گرم ماده خشک بودند. در اسانس برگ مورد ترکیبات مونوترپن های هیدروکربنه و اکسیژنه، در اسانس اندام هوایی آویشن ترکیبات مونوترپن های اکسیژنه (ترکیبات فنلی) و&nbsp; در اسانس میوه گلپر برفی ان آلکان ها&nbsp; عمده ترین ترکیبات شیمیایی شناسایی شده بودند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به وجود ترکیبات مونوترپن به ویژه در اسانس های مورد و آویشن کرمانی توصیه می&shy;شود تحقیقات بیشتری در خصوص خواص درمانی و کاربرد آن&shy;ها به عنوان مواد طبیعی ضدمیکروبی و آنتی اکسیدانی در صنایع غذایی انجام شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        694 - مقایسه‌ی تاثیرات ضد اسهال دو ترکیب گیاهی پودر سنجد و پلانتاژل در سگ
        علیرضا لطفی سام ترکان محسن جعفریان دهکردی
        Background &amp; Aim:Increasing the tendency in families for taking care of pets makes &nbsp; people pay more attention to their disease especially the common ones. In &nbsp; recent years the tendency to use of herbal drugs has increased in animals. &nbsp; Herbal drugs More
        Background &amp; Aim:Increasing the tendency in families for taking care of pets makes &nbsp; people pay more attention to their disease especially the common ones. In &nbsp; recent years the tendency to use of herbal drugs has increased in animals. &nbsp; Herbal drugs are plants that one or some of their members have effective. We &nbsp; supposed that the Elaeagnus angustifolia(oleaster) &nbsp; powder has the plantagel. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the &nbsp; oleaster powder herbal compounds and plantagel as anti-diarrhea in dogs. Experimental: This study was done on 12 male dogs collar (3 &nbsp; quadri groups) with the similar approximate weight and similar age in &nbsp; veterinary clinic of Islamic azad university of Shahrekord branch. Sana &nbsp; flower herbal syrup was used to cause the diarrhea in all 3 groups. They &nbsp; received 15 mg/kg every 12 hours and all groups were suffering from diarrhea. &nbsp; Three groups were studied including testifier group without remedy, the first &nbsp; care group that received 5 mg/kg of oleaster and the second care group that &nbsp; received the plantagel powder every day and during this period of time the &nbsp; whole index related to diarrhea were exanimate whether on aspect of clinical &nbsp; or mortal factors. Results: By looking at the mortal indices, it was observed &nbsp; that the percentage of hematocrit in plantagel and oleaster groups in &nbsp; comparison with testifier group in recovery time was significantly different &nbsp; (P&gt;0.05), that shows the recovery of mortal hematocrit index. Also the &nbsp; percentage of neutrophils in oleastergroup with testifier and plantagel &nbsp; groups was observed a meaningful difference which is reducethat is a sample &nbsp; of meaningful increase in comparison with other groups (P&gt;0.05). Also by &nbsp; sampling from excrement, the numbers of the bacteria showed a meaningful &nbsp; difference in oleaster and plantagel group in comparison with testifier group &nbsp; (P&gt;0.05).&nbsp; Recommended applications/ industries: The use of oleaster powder as dose and time dependent causes reducing the duration of diarrhea because of the prehensile materials in oleaster. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        695 - مروری بر گونة پونه سای برگه دار (Nepeta bracteata Benth.)و بررسی اتنوبوتانی آن در چند شهرستان در استان خراسان رضوی
        هاجر ملتی محمد کافی فریدون ملتی فرزاد نجفی
        مقدمه و هدف: گونه پونه سای برگه دار Benth. Nepeta bracteata، گیاهی دارویی و متعلق به تیره نعناعیان است که استان خراسان یکی از خاستگاه های رویشی آن می باشد. در حال حاضر نیز به دلیل اثرات منحصر به فرد آن به طور گسترده در طب سنتی مورد بهره برداری قرار می گیرد. هدف از این م More
        مقدمه و هدف: گونه پونه سای برگه دار Benth. Nepeta bracteata، گیاهی دارویی و متعلق به تیره نعناعیان است که استان خراسان یکی از خاستگاه های رویشی آن می باشد. در حال حاضر نیز به دلیل اثرات منحصر به فرد آن به طور گسترده در طب سنتی مورد بهره برداری قرار می گیرد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی جایگاه و موارد مصرف این گیاه در طب سنتی و بومی استان خراسان است. روش تحقیق: &nbsp;در این راستا تحقیقی در سال 1391، از طریق تکمیل پرسش&shy;نامه و مصاحبه حضوری با عطاری ها و هم&shy;چنین افراد ساکن در روستاهایی که در مجاورت رویشگاه های طبیعی این گیاه زندگی می کنند، به انجام رسید. نتایج و بحث: &nbsp;نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که عمدتاً اندام هوایی به ویژه گل های گیاه، توسط افراد محلی به جهت درمان بیماری های تنگی نفس، سرماخوردگی، سردرد و نیز درمان استرس به عنوان آرام بخش، مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. در عطاری ها نیز عمدتاً به جهت گیاه درمانی بیماری های تنفسی و ریوی همانند آسم، اسپاسم ریه، تنگی نفس، حساسیت فصلی، درمان سرفه های ناشی از سرماخوردگی، گرفتگی یا فشردگی قفسه سینه، خس خس سینه، خلط آور، التهاب مزمن مجاری تنفسی و عفونت لوزه ها و حتی در درمان سرطان ریه مورد مصرف قرار می گیرد. علاوه بر آن، جهت درمان بیماری های دیگری از قبیل بیماری های اعصاب و استرس و بیماری های گوارشی مثل درد دل، قولنج، عفونت های روده و معده هم&shy;چنین جهت رفع ضعف بدن و تقویت سیستم ایمنی بدن و در مواردی جهت جلوگیری از ریزش مو و در رفع نامنظمی عادت ماهیانه مورد بهره برداری قرار می گیرد. متداول ترین روش های تهیه و آماده سازی آن شامل دم کردن، جوشاندن و عرق گیری است. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: &nbsp;این مقاله که کاربرد های بومی و سنتی این گیاه را بررسی کرده است، می تواند زمینه های پژوهشی ارزشمندی را در اختیار محققان قرار دهد تا با تکیه بر دانش بومی و فن&shy;آوری&shy;های روزآمد، ابهامات در استفاده از این گیاه را برطرف کرده و زمینه اهلی سازی و بهره برداری گسترده از این گیاه را فراهم نماید. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        696 - خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس میوه گلپر برفی (Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss) بر خواص شیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی
        لیلا صداقت بروجنی محمد حجت الاسلامی جواد کرامت عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی
        مقدمه و هدف: &nbsp;آنتی&shy; اکسیدان های شیمیایی، اکسیداسیون چربی و ترکیبات حاصل از آن به عنوان عوامل سرطان زا در مواد غذایی شناخته می شوند. در این مطالعه اثر اسانس میوه گلپر برفی با نام محلی کرسوم بر اکسیداسیون روغن و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی در مقایسه با آنتی More
        مقدمه و هدف: &nbsp;آنتی&shy; اکسیدان های شیمیایی، اکسیداسیون چربی و ترکیبات حاصل از آن به عنوان عوامل سرطان زا در مواد غذایی شناخته می شوند. در این مطالعه اثر اسانس میوه گلپر برفی با نام محلی کرسوم بر اکسیداسیون روغن و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی در مقایسه با آنتی اکسیدان های متداول BHA و TBHQ بررسی شده است. روش تحقیق: اسانس میوه گلپر برفی به روش تقطیر با آب توسط کلوینجر استخراج شد و توسط روش GC/MS به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی آن تجزیه شد. اسانس به روغن سرخ کردن چیپس های سیب زمینی در غلظت &nbsp;3000 &nbsp;قسمت در میلیون اضافه گردید و اثر آنتی اکسیدانی آنبر چیپس&nbsp; های تولید شده با اندازه گیری عدد پراکسید، تیوباربیتوریک اسید و اسیدیته روغن استخراجی از چیپس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. BHA و TBHQ به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان های متداول در غلظت 200 &nbsp;قسمت در میلیون اضافه شدند و روند کاهش اکسیداسیون در 45 روز ارزیابی شد. نتایج و بحث: اسانس میوه گلپربرفی مانند آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی می تواند اکسیداسیون را کاهش دهد. تست TBA نشان داد که اسانس گلپر برفی در کاهش واکنش اولیه &nbsp;TBAنسبت به BHA موثرتر است در حالی که TBHQ کمترین مقدار را داشته است. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: اسانس میوه گلپربرفی دارای فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی است که می تواند به عنوان&nbsp; آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی در مواد غذایی در طول نگهداری استفاده شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        697 - China's economic presence in Africa and the areas of competition with the United States
        Mohammad Javad Hosseini Ardeshir Sanaie
        10.30495/pir.2019.667205
        Africa with many abundant political and economic capacities, has succeeded to attract the attentions of Chinese elites who placed their policy priorities on promotion of economic power as the centerpiece of their national power.The political, security and economic impor More
        Africa with many abundant political and economic capacities, has succeeded to attract the attentions of Chinese elites who placed their policy priorities on promotion of economic power as the centerpiece of their national power.The political, security and economic importance of Africa especially the concern for development of extremist violent activities and existence of threats including: Piracy, Human trafficking,.. provided the ground for the US to adopt a new strategy towards the continent. The purpose of this article is to examine the activities of China and areas of competition with the US in Africa.The main question: How has China's economic presence on the continent of Africa influenced the interests, goals and areas of American activities in the continent? and the research hypothesis is: China's expansion in Africa during the new century, along with the priority of non-military strategies on both sides on the continent, have caused the US and China's two-way vulnerability and susceptibility toward each other policies in Africa which drives Washington and Beijing towards cooperation and avoidance of any destructive competition. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        698 - An Analysis of the Interactional Relation of Petro-nationalism of Iran and the Structural Development of Global Oil Market
        Saeed Mirtorabi
        Abstract: The present article by an interdisciplinary approach tries to examine from political sociology and international political economy point of view the interactional relations between oil nationalistic movements in Iran and the developments in rules of production More
        Abstract: The present article by an interdisciplinary approach tries to examine from political sociology and international political economy point of view the interactional relations between oil nationalistic movements in Iran and the developments in rules of production and sale of oil in international oil market within an important period of time, an approach which has less been paid attention so far. The question raised by the paper is "What and how has been the impact of internal social conditions and the structural rules of world oil market from 1921 to 1981 on the process of developments of oil nationalistic movements?" The underlying hypothesis is that the depth and level of oil nationalistic movements and level of strength (or weakness) of structural rules of production and sale of oil in world oil market within the above said period can be categorized in five period of time of oil nationalistic movements. The article shows that these five categorizations of oil nationalistic movement can help us in better understanding of oil politics in Iran and other oil rich countries and also the relations between the oil developments in oil rich countries and the developments of world oil market. In this direction the peculiarity of each period from the view point of oil market, method of functioning of oil companies, nature of anti-colonial movements, goal and achievements of these movements have been studied separately. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-historical and analytical. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        699 - Syrian Crisis and Iran's National Security
        حسین ربیعی جعفر نقدی سجاد نجفی
        Abstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran&rsquo;s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can af More
        Abstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran&rsquo;s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can affect the security of Iran. For years Syria has been the gateway for Iran&rsquo;s presence in the Arab world. The weakening and fall of the position of President Bashar Assad would undermine Iran&rsquo;s influence in the Arab world. Taking into consideration the above situation, the present article pursues the following objectives: 1. Explaining the strategic importance of Syria for Iran, 2. Explaining the impact of Syrian crisis on national security of Iran in different areas, 3. Explaining Iran&rsquo;s competition with regional and extra- regional powers in Syria, 4. Explaining the security strategy of Iran vis-&agrave;-vis the Syrian crisis. The paper also examines this hypothesis that the national security of Iran will decline with the continuation of Syrian crisis by the threats of regional and extra-regional powers. The paper makes use of the theory of balance of threat to evaluate the hypothesis which can explain the threats to Iran in Syria. The methodology used in the paper is historical, descriptive and analytical. The finding of the study shows that the continuation of Syrian crisis has led to change of balance of threat against Iran and that is why Iran intervened to balance the situation. Therefore Iran&rsquo;s strategy for ending the crisis in Syria is full-fledged support for Bashar Assad&rsquo;s regime. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        700 - Confrontation and Competition of Iran and the United States in Afghanistan after 11 September 2001
        Morteza Mossadeghi Seifolah Fazlinejad
        Abstract: Afghanistan&rsquo;s developments are important for Islamic Republic of Iran which is having long borders with that country. The September 11th events and the invasion of the United States to Afghanistan and overthrow of Taliban added to sensitivity and importa More
        Abstract: Afghanistan&rsquo;s developments are important for Islamic Republic of Iran which is having long borders with that country. The September 11th events and the invasion of the United States to Afghanistan and overthrow of Taliban added to sensitivity and importance of this country. Iran and the United States had common interests in overthrowing Taliban but this periodic understanding was marred after the United States president George Bush Junior&nbsp; declared Iran as &ldquo;Axis of Evil&rdquo; in January 2002 and hostility between the two countries further increased. After Obama came into power in 2009, the possibility of military confrontation lowered. The signing of strategic treaty between the United States and Afghanistan added to Iran&rsquo;s security concern and mutual concern continued and in some stages Iran was accused of helping Taliban. The withdrawal and the departure of American troops provided another opportunity for interaction with Iran. The United States after a decade of unsuccessful intervention in Afghanistan should realize that Iran is a good partner for improving the prospect of peace and stability in Afghanistan. Both the countries have common interests in many issues in Afghanistan including helping Afghan government, fighting smuggling of narcotic drugs, dealing with crisis of Afghan refugees, helping strengthening Afghan security forces and creating suitable atmosphere for national reconciliation but the tensions in relations of Iran and the United States have hindered attaining these objectives. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        701 - Explaining the Relations of Iran and Saudi Arabia within the Framework of Cold War
        Nozar Shafiee Farhad Ghanbari
        Abstract: The 1979 Iranian revolution and coming into power of a Islamic Shiite government in Iran brought Iran and Saudi Arabia into an embittered rivalry. The later developments like fall of the Saddam following US led invasion in 2003, the establishment of a Shiite g More
        Abstract: The 1979 Iranian revolution and coming into power of a Islamic Shiite government in Iran brought Iran and Saudi Arabia into an embittered rivalry. The later developments like fall of the Saddam following US led invasion in 2003, the establishment of a Shiite government in Iraq and the Arab uprising in 2011 further confronted Iran and Saudi Arabia. These developments divided the countries of the Middle East region into two groups on the basis of religious ideology. The question raised by the paper is "whether the competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia had led the two into a cold war in the Middle East region? The underlying hypothesis is that the regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia and the efforts of the two for bringing an equilibrium and strategic balance in the region has practically put both the countries in a rivalry situation and cold war. The paper uses descriptive-analytical framework to substantiate the hypothesis. The finding of the study shows that Iran and Saudi Arabia practically are in a state of cold war and the practical finding of the paper and suggestion is that Iran and Saudi Arabia should not close the diplomatic and negotiations channel because in the absence of diplomacy there is possibility that the management of relations may go out of hands of the statesmen and the military commanders may take control of the situation. In that case both the countries will face difficult and unpredictable conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        702 - Evolution in Saudi Arabia's Military Strategy: Backgrounds and Reasons
        Nader Pourakhondi
        Abstract: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is more known as an oil exporting state than a military power. Saudi Arabia have always been claiming as the leader of the Arab World and protector of the countries of Saudi Arabia Peninsula but its military force despite spending More
        Abstract: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is more known as an oil exporting state than a military power. Saudi Arabia have always been claiming as the leader of the Arab World and protector of the countries of Saudi Arabia Peninsula but its military force despite spending considerable amount of money does not have the ability for playing a prominent role in Persian Gulf region&rsquo;s developments but from 2003, especially after Arab Spring events it has improved its military capabilities and interferes in regional developments. The Saudi Arabia military entered Bahrain after the unrest in that country. At present the Saudi Arabia military forces simultaneously participates in two military operations i.e. air attack in Syria along with international coalition and air and land operation against the Houthies in Yemen. The present article wants to examine the reason of Saudi Arabia military doctrine change from defensive to offensive position. The hypothesis is that the changes which have taken place in security environment of Saudi Arabia have led this country to adopt an offensive military doctrine. The present article has used descriptive-analytical method. The finding of the study shows that the purpose of the change in the military strategy of Saudi Arabia is to contain the regional influence of Iran.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        703 - Analysis of Relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia on the Basis of Motivational Realism (2005-2015)
        Hadi Sadeghi Asl جعفر نقدی عشرت آباد امیرهوشنگ میرکوشش
        Abstract After the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers moved in a conflicting direction. There are several reasons for this trend. Reasons like Iran's competition with Saudi Arabia for leadership of I More
        Abstract After the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers moved in a conflicting direction. There are several reasons for this trend. Reasons like Iran's competition with Saudi Arabia for leadership of Islamic world, leadership of Shiites versus leadership of Wahhabi and Saudi's cooperation with West versus Iran's anti-West stands but there has been change and fluctuation in these policies due to change of governments in Iran. The present paper wants to examine the relations between the two countries from a different perspective and distinct from the existing international relations theories and is called motivational realism. The paper examines the relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran from the time of coming into power of Ahmadinejad till now and studies the relations between the two countries in these two periods by a comparative method. The paper wants to know that despite considerable differences between the foreign policies of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani government what has been the Saudi Arabia's reaction to moderate foreign policy of Rouhani? What has been the impact of moderate foreign policy orientation of Rouhani on regional policies of Iran and Saudi Arabia? Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        704 - China Silk Road Initiative, Goals and Obstacles
        ghasem torabi raziyeh sanei
        The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various dimensions of the Silk Road Initiative and to reveal its objectives, opportunities and barriers. In this regard, the main question of the paper is that the Silk Road Initiative was designed as the most important China More
        The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various dimensions of the Silk Road Initiative and to reveal its objectives, opportunities and barriers. In this regard, the main question of the paper is that the Silk Road Initiative was designed as the most important China strategy in the 21st Century to achieve its goals. It should be noted that the Silk Road is the largest initiative ever announced by a country in the world. This initiative covers sixty-five different countries in the world and costs about $ 4 trillion in 900 different projects. In addition, the plan has dimensions, objectives, and economic, political and security objectives. In this regard, in response to the above question, the hypothesis of the article is that the ultimate goal of China is to operate the Silk Road initiative to provide the economic, political and security contexts necessary for becoming a regional and global hegemony. However, it seems that the plan faces serious barriers and challenges, and ultimately China goals will not be maximized. The present article intends to discuss the question and hypothesis along with the goals, opportunities and obstacle of the project in three sections and in a descriptive-analytical way. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        705 - Artificial intelligence; The new arena of power competition between China and the United States
        Mehdi Hedayati Shahidani Javad Ramezanpour Shalmani
        10.30495/pir.2023.1976353.3594
        New technologies in the post-industrial revolution era have the ability to change the balance of power. Artificial intelligence is no exception. This technology has the ability to penetrate all areas from economy, business and services to security and defense issues. Ac More
        New technologies in the post-industrial revolution era have the ability to change the balance of power. Artificial intelligence is no exception. This technology has the ability to penetrate all areas from economy, business and services to security and defense issues. Accordingly, none of the major countries and powers want to be left behind in this field. The main research question is, what effect has artificial intelligence had on the competition between China and the United States? Based on the findings, despite the increased competition and challenge between Beijing and Washington in artificial intelligence and related technologies and the imposition of sanctions by the United States against China in the field of hardware related to artificial intelligence, there is significant cooperation between the scientists of these two countries in the field of producing articles and scientific research. There is. Also, Beijing has been able to overtake the United States in the production of scientific articles, patents related to artificial intelligence and big data. The United States is also a leader in the production of hardware and chips and is trying to use this advantage to stop China's progress. This article is done using descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        706 - A Study of United States and Saudi Arabia's Reactions to people's Uprising in Bahrain (2011-2012)
        Shahrooz Ebrahimi Mohammad Reza Salehi Syed Mohammad Parsaei
        Bahrain is one of the countries which under the impact of unsuitable political and social conditions and also under the inspiration of Islamic-Arabic awakening in the Middle East and North Africa is witnessing people&rsquo;s uprising. The present paper is of the view th More
        Bahrain is one of the countries which under the impact of unsuitable political and social conditions and also under the inspiration of Islamic-Arabic awakening in the Middle East and North Africa is witnessing people&rsquo;s uprising. The present paper is of the view that the real cause of people&rsquo;s uprising in Bahrain is in domestic factors and the structure of society and politics of that country. Saudi Arabia with a different motivation and interpretation on the morning of 14 March dispatched its forces and militarily intervened in Bahrain. The United States also for different reasons kept silent about these developments and in other instances it merely suggested holding of talks between the oppositions and Bahraini government and implementing reforms. The present article wants to answer three basic questions: 1.What are the grounds of people&rsquo;s uprising in Bahrain? 2. On what logic and basis the United States has kept silent about Bahrain crisis? 3. What are the motivations of Saudi Arabia in militarily intervening in Bahrain? The underlying hypothesis is that the struggle for power and national interest at the macro and regional level for the United States and in regional and internal level for Saudi Arabia is basis of the United States and Saudi Arabia behaviour in Bahrain. The finding of the study shows the main cause of people&rsquo;s uprising in Bahrain is the cleavage between the government and people due to unequal distribution of wealth, power and position. The United States wants to sustain its hegemony in international system by controlling the lifeline of energy in strategic Persian Gulf region. In this direction the United States wants to retain its security links with the countries of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council by military presence and opposition to Islamic Republic of Iran. To sum up, power and national interests justify the logic of the United States policy in Bahrain. On the other hand, the nature of political system of Saudi Arabia and the resultant fear of expansion of democracy to Saudi Arabia along with competition and regional opposition to Iran is the main motivation of Riyadh in question of Bahrain. The present paper by a descriptive-analytical method wants to study the above issue. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        707 - The Application of Games Theory in Describing the Elections Competitions
        Majid Golparvar Mahdieh Shahabi
        The Games theory is a mathematical theory for designing، analyzing، and describing conflicting situations. In this game the players involved، on the basis of certain rules are exposed to several choices. The Games theory is a study instrument for use in different level More
        The Games theory is a mathematical theory for designing، analyzing، and describing conflicting situations. In this game the players involved، on the basis of certain rules are exposed to several choices. The Games theory is a study instrument for use in different level of analysis، from economic، political and military approaches of the government till individual and group relations. By using this theory one can study the logical behaviour of the players and analyze the strategies that they use and give sound suggestions for improving the choices for achieving maximum benefit and suffering the minimum loss. This theory also introduces a set of related concepts that one can use them as a framework for thought about complilcated phenomena. The basic assumption of the Games theory is rationality of the behaviour and the choices of man. Nowadays the games theory is having application in various social and political fields including elections competitions. In the present article by a descriptive-analytical method and by making use of mathematical calculations tries to explain and analyze how Games theory can be used in illustrating elections competitions( rules، kind of game and the possible strategy). It seems that by determining the strategy، kind of game، consequences، the cost of probability matrice and the equilibrium point of the players based on the rules of the games، one can describe and explain elections competitions. The main question of the article is how can we describe and explain the elections competitions on the basis of Games theory? Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        708 - An Investigation of the Reasons for Conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia (The Case Study Conflicts in Iraq, Bahrain, and Yemen)
        Ehsan Khazri Seyed Hamzeh Safavi Amin Parhizkar
        Abstract: Iran and Saudi Arabia are two prominent countries in the Islamic World. They play important role in the Middle East region&rsquo;s developments. The present article examines the developments of the three countries of Iraq, Bahrain and Yemen as the sphere of i More
        Abstract: Iran and Saudi Arabia are two prominent countries in the Islamic World. They play important role in the Middle East region&rsquo;s developments. The present article examines the developments of the three countries of Iraq, Bahrain and Yemen as the sphere of influence of Iran and Saudi Arabia to find out the root cause competition and rivalry between the two governments and give suggestion for solving the problem. The aim of the present study is to show that the nature of the conflict between the two countries has roots in ideological consideration which originates from the prevalence of contrasting ideological and value system which has led to wide gulf between Iran and Saudi Arabia and strained regional relations. It seems that any attempt to strengthen the grounds of cooperation and interaction and attenuating the tension between the two depends on change in semantic structure of the two governments and flexibility on both sides. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        709 - تأثیر رهبری توزیع شده بر تعامل معلمان ، پاسخگویی معلمان و صلاحیت های معلمان
        زهره جراح زاده زهره محمدی زنوزق
        10.30495/lct.2022.1959960.1063
        مطالعه حاضر یک تحقیق روش مختلط است که تأثیر رهبری توزیع شده بر 3 عامل مشارکت معلمان ، پاسخگویی و شایستگی ها را بر روی 15 مربی EFL و پیشرفت آنها به سمت عناصر فوق الذکر بازرسی کرده است. برای این منظور ، این تحقیق از طریق 2 مرحله انجام شده است که شامل یک تحقیق کمی است که ب More
        مطالعه حاضر یک تحقیق روش مختلط است که تأثیر رهبری توزیع شده بر 3 عامل مشارکت معلمان ، پاسخگویی و شایستگی ها را بر روی 15 مربی EFL و پیشرفت آنها به سمت عناصر فوق الذکر بازرسی کرده است. برای این منظور ، این تحقیق از طریق 2 مرحله انجام شده است که شامل یک تحقیق کمی است که برای تعیین سطح تعامل ، پاسخگویی و تعامل معلمان از طریق اجرای 3 پرسشنامه در نظر گرفته شده است. سپس ، شرکت کنندگان در کارگاه های آنلاین در مورد موضوعات مختلف هر پرسشنامه شرکت کردند تا دیدگاه های خود را نسبت به آنها به اشتراک بگذارند. تأثیر مباحث آنلاین در مورد رهبری توزیع شده از طریق اجرای پرسشنامه ها به عنوان پس آزمون به تصویر کشیده شد. مرحله دوم کیفی بود و با هدف نشان دادن نگرش ، عقاید ، تجربیات و راه حل های شرکت کنندگان از طریق نوشتن یک مقاله بازتابی. نتایج آزمون تفاوت خوبی بین عملکرد شرکت کنندگان در پیش آزمون و پس آزمون پرسشنامه های تعامل ، پاسخگویی و شایستگی معلمان نشان داد. محتوای مقالات بازتاب شرکت کنندگان در مرحله دوم مطالعه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که رهبری توزیع شده یک مفهوم جدید برای همه شرکت کنندگان است و با ارائه موضوعات مختلف در مورد هر مؤلفه ، آنها به بینش های جدیدی نسبت به دانشجویان ، جامعه ، همکاران و حرفه خود دست یافتند. علاوه بر این ، نتیجه این امر نشان می دهد که شرکت کنندگان از طریق بحث و گفتگوهای آنلاین راه حل ها و دیدگاه های سود را انجام داده اند و می توانند راه هایی برای توسعه خود به سمت صلاحیت های بالینی ، فنی ، انتقادی و شخصی پیدا کنند که همه اینها می تواند منجر به داشتن فضای آموزشی بهتر و پیشرفت دانش آموزان شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        710 - Role of Social Self of Tehrani Citizens in Sustainable Urban Development (A Case Study: District 2, Tehran)
        Mohammadreza BOZORGI Farhad Emamjomeh Iraj Eraj Saee Arasi
        Role of Social Self of Tehrani Citizens in Sustainable Urban Development (A Case Study: District 2, Tehran) Mohammad Reza Bozorgi [1], Farhad Emam Jom&#039;eh [2]*, Iraj Sa&#039;i Arasi [3] Abstract Valuing the social self of citizens is an inevitable necessity for sust More
        Role of Social Self of Tehrani Citizens in Sustainable Urban Development (A Case Study: District 2, Tehran) Mohammad Reza Bozorgi [1], Farhad Emam Jom&#039;eh [2]*, Iraj Sa&#039;i Arasi [3] Abstract Valuing the social self of citizens is an inevitable necessity for sustainable urban development. Social self determine the level of trust in government programs and structures and decision-making institutions in urban sector which increases citizens&#039; sense of belonging and results in sustainable urban development in various social, economic and environmental aspects. This study investigated and explained the role of social self of Tehrani citizens in sustainable urban development. This survey was conducted using a descriptive-analytic method and data were collected using a questionnaire. Statistical population was all residents of District 2 in Tehran, and 600 citizens above 18 years old were recruited. Findings suggested a significant relationship between social self and sustainable urban development. In addition, two dimensions of social self, i.e. social competence and social responsibility, had a significant effect on sustainable urban development. Keywords: Social Self; Sustainable Urban Development; Social Competence; Social Responsibility; District 2 of Tehran Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        711 - The Role of Social Self of Tehrani Citizens in Sustainable Urban Development (Case of Study: District 2, Tehran)
        Mohammad reza Bozorgi Farhad Emamjomeh Iraj Eraj Saee Arasi
        The valuation of the social self of citizens is an inevitable necessity for sustainable urban development. Social self determines the level of trust in government programs and structures and decision-making institutions in urban sector which increases citizens' sense of More
        The valuation of the social self of citizens is an inevitable necessity for sustainable urban development. Social self determines the level of trust in government programs and structures and decision-making institutions in urban sector which increases citizens' sense of belonging and results in sustainable urban development in various social, economic and environmental aspects. This study investigated the role of social self of Tehrani citizens in sustainable urban development. This survey was conducted using a descriptive-analytic method and needed data were collected using a questionnaire. Research population consisted of all residents of District 2 in Tehran, and 600 citizens above 18 years old were selected. Findings suggested a significant relationship between social self and sustainable urban development. In addition, two dimensions of social self, i.e. social competence and social responsibility, had a significant effect on sustainable urban development. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        712 - بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر رقابت‌پذیری شهری براساس مدل پیشنهادی Saez با تکیه بر مفهوم Coopetition (مطالعه موردی: شهر تهران)
        مریم خضرایی شولای فر زینب کرکه آبادی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        713 - بررسی نقش تعدیلگری استراتژی های رقابتی در تأثیر یکپارچگی زنجیره تامین بر عملکرد مالی و عملیاتی (مطالعه موردی: صنعت تولید خودرو در ایران)
        رقیه توده بهمبری منصور صوفی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        714 - Organizational Sustainable Competitive Advantage using ORESTE, TRIZ, SWOT Approaches in Gray Conditions
        درنا تیموری علیرضا علینژاد
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        715 - Earthwork Volume Optimization Using Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm to Minimize Energy Consumption of Agricultural Land Leveling
        Isham Alzoubi
        Land leveling is one of the most important steps in soil preparation for consequent objectives. Parallel policies need to take both energy and environmental subjects into the account as well as certain financial development and eco-friendly protection. Energy is one of More
        Land leveling is one of the most important steps in soil preparation for consequent objectives. Parallel policies need to take both energy and environmental subjects into the account as well as certain financial development and eco-friendly protection. Energy is one of the most important elements in agricultural sector. Nevertheless, pollution is linked with the usage of fossil fuels (particularly gasoline) as an energy source. Earthwork optimization plays an important role in reducing the total cost of highway projects. In this research, ICA has been followed to optimize earthwork volume for minimizing energy consumption of agricultural land leveling compared to minimum least squares, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) have been employed for developing of optimization the energy related and other parameters. The study was specified based on the proposed land leveling project in district of Ahwaz, Iran. The study farm was a 70 ha area and located in the west of Iran. Topography of the farm was mapped in the scale of mapping as fine as 1:500. The outputs of the plan were length, width and height of points (coordinates of x, y and z) and the grid size in the region was 20 m&times;20 m. The aim of this work was use of new techniques and specifically optimization methods such as Imperialist competitive algorithm, genetic algorithms and PSO in modeling the leveling plane to minimize cut and fill volume and consequently the amount of energy consumption of leveling operations. It has been assumed that soil cut and fill volumes are equal and no need to move/ remove excessive soil. Therefore, there is no need to define a cut/fill variable in the model based on ICA. The results indicated that ICA offers a plan of earthwork, minimizing energy consumption of land leveling more efficiently than minimum least squares, genetic algorithm and PSO. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        716 - پیاده‌سازی DEA فازی درون مدل PEM جهت ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان‌های پروژه‌محور: یک مطالعۀ موردی
        اویس ترابی محمّدمیلاد احمدی روح‌الله تولایی
        سازمان های پروژه محور در صنایع بالادستی سهم زیادی از منابع ملی را در اختیار دارند و نقش مهمی در توسعه یک کشور ایفا می کنند. ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان های پروژه محور می تواند به مدیران کمک کند تا از ورودی ها به طور موثر استفاده کنند و راه خود را برای دستیابی به اهداف هموار ک More
        سازمان های پروژه محور در صنایع بالادستی سهم زیادی از منابع ملی را در اختیار دارند و نقش مهمی در توسعه یک کشور ایفا می کنند. ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان های پروژه محور می تواند به مدیران کمک کند تا از ورودی ها به طور موثر استفاده کنند و راه خود را برای دستیابی به اهداف هموار کنند. برای ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان های پروژه محور، شاخص های کمی و کیفی زیادی وجود دارد. محاسبه کارایی از طریق تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) یک شاخص رایج برای ارزیابی عملکرد در چنین شرکت هایی است. در مدل سنتی DEA داده‌های واضح مورد نیاز است در حالی که در دنیای واقعی، بیشتر داده‌ها نادقیق و نامطمئن هستند. یکی از دلایل اصلی عدم قطعیت مربوط به اطلاعات غیر کمی، ناقص و دست نیافتنی است که باعث ادغام منطق فازی و مجموعه های فازی در مدل های مختلف مانند DEA می شود.ایدۀ اصلی پژوهش حاضر ترکیب رویکردهای کمی و کیفی در ارزیابی عملکرد برای بهره‌گیری از هر دو و دستیابی به نتایج دقیق‌تر است. از این رو، در این مقاله، یک مدل ترکیبی مبتنی بر تحلیل پوششی داده های فازی (FDEA) و مدل تعالی پروژه (PEM) برای ارزیابی عملکرد در سازمان های پروژه محور پیشنهاد شده است. ابتدا ارزیابی عملکرد توسط مدل PEM داده های فازی انجام می شود. سپس پیاده سازی فازی DEA در مدل PEM انجام می شود که در آن ورودی ها و خروجی های مدل FDEA معیارهای مدل PEM هستند. مدل هیبریدی پیشنهادی برای ارزیابی 30 شرکت پتروشیمی در ایران استفاده شده است. مقایسه نتایج هر دو مدل نشان‌دهنده ضریب همبستگی تقریباً 90/0 در سطح معنی‌داری 01/0 است که نشان‌دهنده همبستگی مناسب بین دو مدل است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        717 - تحلیل کارایی زیست محیطی کشورها با رهیافت تحلیل پوششی داده ها
        مینا مشفق محسن رستمی مال خلیفه
        در سال‌های اخیر توجه عمومی به مسائل زیست محیطی به نحو چشمگیری افزایش یافته است. با توجه به افزایش نگرانی‌ها در رابطه با کیفیت محیط زیست، تغییرات آب و هوایی و انتشار آلاینده‌های زیست محیطی که به عنوان عناصر مهم توسعه پایدار مطرح می‌باشند، یکی از مسائل مهم، اندازه‌گیری کا More
        در سال‌های اخیر توجه عمومی به مسائل زیست محیطی به نحو چشمگیری افزایش یافته است. با توجه به افزایش نگرانی‌ها در رابطه با کیفیت محیط زیست، تغییرات آب و هوایی و انتشار آلاینده‌های زیست محیطی که به عنوان عناصر مهم توسعه پایدار مطرح می‌باشند، یکی از مسائل مهم، اندازه‌گیری کارآیی زیست محیطی است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی کارایی زیست محیطی کشورها با رهیافت تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها (DEA)با در نظر گرفتن خروجی‌ها، به صورت فاکتورهای مطلوب و نامطلوب اثرگذار در تغییرات زیست محیطی( ۷ ورودی و ۷ خروجی) سال 1399 در 176 کشور استفاده شده است. واحدها با استفاده از مدل های CCR و AP به منظور رتبه بندی هر دو گروه واحد های کارامد و ناکارامد ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان می‌دهند کارایی زیست محیطی کشورهای منتخب به طور متوسط 80.60 درصد می‌باشد، که از بین کشورهای تحت بررسی، کشور ایران با کسب کارایی 0.58 دارای رتبه 140 بوده و کشورهای ایسلند، سنگاپور و لسوتو به ترتیب دارای بیشترین کارایی زیست محیطی و همچنین کشورهای سیرا لئون، فیلیپین و پاکستان به ترتیب دارای کمترین کارایی زیست محیطی هستند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        718 - Mapping Sequence diagram in Fuzzy UML to Fuzzy Petri Net
        E. اکبری ر. نوریان توکلی H. موتمنی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        719 - A staylistic look at repetition and association in Mantegh Alteir
        Masood Pakdel Monireh Mahfoozi Moosavi
        Mantegh Alteir is a poem by Attar Neyshabouri and one of the most important mystical masterpieces of Persian language and literature. Considering that in stylistics it is very important to pay attention to frequencies and it is based on frequencies that the stylistic ch More
        Mantegh Alteir is a poem by Attar Neyshabouri and one of the most important mystical masterpieces of Persian language and literature. Considering that in stylistics it is very important to pay attention to frequencies and it is based on frequencies that the stylistic characteristics of a poet or a work are determined. The logic of bird has been done, an attempt has been made to analyze the goals and methods of the poet's use of repetition and association. Considered the most important features of Attar's poetic style in the logic of bird; Because the high frequency of repetition and association indicates that the poet was interested in mentioning them successively. These repetitions, which can be seen both in word and in meaning, in addition to the beauty of the poem and the pleasantness of the music, have also highlighted the poem, the poet's emphasis on the importance of the subject and the literary taste of the readers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        720 - Efficient wastewater treatment methods for petrochemical industrials producing Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) - A review
        Naeim Banisaeid
        Findings the efficient method for removing of terephthalate compounds from industrial wastewaters is considered a big challenge in the world. In this study, an efficient Iranian and worldwide methods to remove terephthalate compounds from petrochemical industrial wastew More
        Findings the efficient method for removing of terephthalate compounds from industrial wastewaters is considered a big challenge in the world. In this study, an efficient Iranian and worldwide methods to remove terephthalate compounds from petrochemical industrial wastewaters were investigated. In this regard, no studies with Persian languages were found. To review the studies conducted in the rest of the world, articles were searched with Google engine in databases including springer; science direct; online library Wiley; iwap online and.... 40 articles were included in this study. These articles were categorized and ranked based on the type of contaminant and the selected removal methods. The studies were ranked as fallow; 1: COD removal efficiency industrial wastewater including PTA (41%), 2: removal of soluble materials (14%), 3: removal of suspended solids (11%), 4: removal of heavy metal (9%) and investigation the type of bacterial colonies in the treatment plants (7%). These study showed that the anaerobic process has a good efficiency to treat this type of wastewater, so, has been mostly studied to remove organic matter and a satisfactory result has been obtained in this field. For industrial wastewaters containing terephthalate compounds, the neutralization, initial sedimentation, anaerobic and aerobic processes can be used as a reliable process to treat this type of wastewater. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        721 - Presenting a model of social innovation institutionalization with an emphasis on competitive advantage in commercial companiesKhuzestan province
        Mohammad Sharifzadegan Fatemeh Behjat
        Abstract In this research, the model of institutionalization of social innovation was presented with an emphasis on competitive advantage in order to gain more market share in complex competitive conditions. Based on the purpose, explanatory and exploratory which tries More
        Abstract In this research, the model of institutionalization of social innovation was presented with an emphasis on competitive advantage in order to gain more market share in complex competitive conditions. Based on the purpose, explanatory and exploratory which tries to determine the pattern of institutionalization of social innovation with emphasis on competitive advantage using Delphi method and structural-interpretive modeling. According to the results of this research, it is of a developmental type and also in terms of collecting information, it is of a mixed type. The statistical population of this research is the experts in commercial companies of Khuzestan province and the sampling method is of the targeted type and with the approach of selecting and using the specialized and scientific approaches of the experts.In order to collect the required data, 8 criteria and 49 sub-criteria were identified by creating a Delphi panel of 18 experts in commercial companies in Khuzestan province based on previous studies.In the order of applying different methods of marketing, the first rank, the focus of social activities, the second rank, the change and modification of marketing approaches, the third rank, focusing on expert human resources, the fourth rank, social marketing, the fifth rank, marketing innovation, the sixth rank, drawing a vision and Creation of common value ranked 7th, networking and development of mental image ranked 8th and the last priority of social innovation institutionalization criteria with emphasis on competitive advantage was achieved. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        722 - The effect of product innovation capacities, market intelligence, pricing and marketing communications on the international performance of companies with the role of mediator of competitive advantage (case study: Asa Tejarat Caspian Company in Mazandaran province)
        نادی علیزاده علی توان
        10.30495/jmemiau.2023.705828
        The purpose of this research is the impact of product innovation capacities, market intelligence, pricing and marketing communications on the international performance of companies with the role of mediator of competitive advantage (case study: Asa Tejarat Caspian Compa More
        The purpose of this research is the impact of product innovation capacities, market intelligence, pricing and marketing communications on the international performance of companies with the role of mediator of competitive advantage (case study: Asa Tejarat Caspian Company in Mazandaran province). This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the research includes all customers of Asa Tejarat Caspian in Mazandaran province, whose number is unknown. Cochran's unlimited population sampling formula was used to determine the required sample size. Based on Cochran's unlimited formula with 5% error, in this research, the sample number is 384 people, which is selected by the available non-probability method. The field method was used to collect the primary data, and the primary data collection tool was a five-choice Likert questionnaire, and the library method was used to collect the secondary data. The validity of the questionnaire has been used using the method of content validity and face validity, and its reliability has been calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Structural equation modeling method and SMARTPLS software were used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the research showed that product innovation capacities, market intelligence and pricing have a positive and significant effect on the international performance of companies with the mediating role of competitive advantage, but the capacity of marketing communication has no significant effect on the international performance of companies with the mediating role of competitive advantage.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        723 - An analysis of the role of information technology in creating flexible supply chains with the mediating role of trust and industry competitiveness
        Saeed Abdi Maryam Souri Mohammad Keshavarz
        10.30495/jmemiau.2023.707877
        The current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the role of information technology in creating flexible supply chains with the mediating role of trust and industry competitiveness. This study is applied and descriptive in terms of purpose and was c More
        The current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the role of information technology in creating flexible supply chains with the mediating role of trust and industry competitiveness. This study is applied and descriptive in terms of purpose and was conducted with a survey method. The statistical sample in this study is 183 managers and employees of Ghadir Niriz Steel Company, who were selected by convenience sampling. In order to analyze the data, partial least squares method and Smart PLS-2 software were used. Convergent validity was used to measure validity, and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability, and its coefficient is greater than 0.7 for all research constructs. . The obtained results indicate that information technology has a positive and significant effect on flexible supply chains respectively with the path coefficient (0.411), trust (0.582) and industry competitiveness (0.667). On the other hand, the confidence and competitiveness of the industry also has a positive and significant effect on flexible supply chains. Finally, it can be said that both trust variable and industry competitiveness play a mediating role in the relationship between information technology and flexible supply chain. Therefore, it can be said that paying attention to information technology is necessary in order to create flexibility and trust in the supply chain and competitiveness in the steel industry. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        724 - Effects of Multi-Wall Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT) on Nepeta cataria and Salvia sclarea In Vitro culture
        Hekmat A likhani Mehrjardi Parissa Jonoubi Ahmad Majd Reza Haji Hosseini
        10.30495/ijpp.2022.1953545.1406
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        725 - Physiological responses of Polypogon monspeliensis L. in petroleum-contaminated soils.
        Mozhgan Farzamisepehr Farhad Nourozi
        10.30495/ijpp.2018.539179
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        726 - .Contemplation on function of repetition technic to induce didactic and moral motifs: A case of Shfi’ee Kadkani’s poems
        Mohsen Zolfaqari akbar asadi damanab
        "Repeat" plays an important role in the aesthetics of contemporary poetry and this rhetoric technic has been made a non-breakable link between contemporary poetry with music and thought. The purpose of this paper is to examine the repetition and its functions in explain More
        "Repeat" plays an important role in the aesthetics of contemporary poetry and this rhetoric technic has been made a non-breakable link between contemporary poetry with music and thought. The purpose of this paper is to examine the repetition and its functions in explaining and teaching moral poetic thoughts of Shafi'i Kadkani on his collection of &ldquo;Shabkhani&rdquo; and &ldquo;In Alley-gardens of Neishabur&rdquo;, and also how much the element of repetition and its functions help didactic subjects to be induced in the word of Shafiee kadkani. Repetition in these poems has occurred in four areas: consonants and vowels, syllables, words, sentences and phrases, and this factor in creating ethical implications has had a great role; concepts such as: Calling to fight with oppression, patriotism, expressing exclusion and oppression, attention to the culture of martyr and martyrdom, empowering the spirit of hope in the hearts of the audience and rebellion against oppression and tyranny. Shafiee Kadkani in a best way has benefited from the repetition element to convey and teach moral, national and religious beliefs and social issues.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        727 - Accessibility Evaluation in Biometric Hybrid Architecture for Protecting Social Networks Using Colored Petri Nets
        Navid Rafizadeh Shotorbani Fard Hasan Hosseinzadeh Masoud Bekravi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        728 - Network Resource Management for Improving Users Quality of experience in Software Defined Network by Weighted Fuzzy Petri-NetMethod
        Bahman Botshekan
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        729 - Representing a Model for Improving Connectivity and Power Dissipation in Wireless Networks Using Mobile Sensors
        Nasrin Elyasi Omid Pourgalehdari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        730 - Stock Trading Signal Prediction Using a Combination of K-Means Clustering and Colored Petri Nets (Case Study: Tehran Stock Exchange)
        Ali Ghorbani Mahmood Yahyazadehfar Seyyed Ali Nabavi Chashmi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        731 - Reliability Evaluation in Tree-structured Grid Services with Colored Petri Net
        Mirsaeid Hosseini Shirvani Mahdie Khanramaki
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        732 - Artificial Neural Networks endowed with External Factors for Forecasting Foreign Exchange Rate
        Zabihallah Pargam Yazdan Jamshidi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        733 - Transforming Fuzzy State Diagram to Fuzzy Petri net
        H. Motameni I. Daneshfar J. Bakhshi H. Nematzadeh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        734 - Modeling and Evaluation of Web Services in Mobile Networks using Stochastic Colored Petri Nets
        Homayun Motameni Mohammad Vahidpour Babak Shirazi Behnam Barzegar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        735 - Evaluating Adaptability of SET Protocols Using Colored Petri Nets
        Nesa Mohsenian Homayun Motameni Sajjad Jeddi Saravi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        736 - To Present Method for Rice Variety Identification with Fuzzy-imperialist Competitive Algorithm
        Zeinab Faraji Farhad Ramezani Homayun Motameni
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        737 - Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm in Cutting Conditions During Machining
        Ahmad Esfandiari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        738 - Modeling and Performance Analysis of Restaurant's Service Delivery Process Using Colored Petri Nets
        Samaneh Ghasemi Zeinab Ghorbani Lakterashani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        739 - Assessment of Ecological Competence of urbun Expansion through ANP and Fuzzy logic methods in GIS (Case Study: Baharestan new town (Esfahan))
        Anvar Amanolapour Hossein Nazmfar Atta Ghaffari Gilandeh
        The reciprocal effect of sustainable and unsustainable ecological resources is considered in the course of assessment of ecological capacity. These resources have reciprocal effects to each other and environment as specifications of each micro ecosystem. So, it is oblig More
        The reciprocal effect of sustainable and unsustainable ecological resources is considered in the course of assessment of ecological capacity. These resources have reciprocal effects to each other and environment as specifications of each micro ecosystem. So, it is obligatory to utilize nature as it less harms environment and at the same time it benefits human more. Therefore, the main objective of this research, to assess the ecological capacity for surface expansion of town based on principles of reclamation of land, Baharestan new town in Esfahan Province was studied through geographical information system (GIS). At first, the basic studies were done and the theme maps of the area were prepared and then numerated. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was produced in Arc gis 10.2 using topographic map. Then, the ecological resources Urban development map were produced by overlying the maps of elevation, slope, aspect, soil types, soil texture, soil depth, vegetation cover, geology, landuse, climate and distance to fault with ANP and Fuzzy logic methods in Arcgis 10.2. According to the obtained results, the total development zone with an area of 3264/068 hectares located in the south-east and north baharstan which make these areas and the lack of consideration in connection with the provision of suitable land areas that do not improve performance, 2800/717 hectare area around the planned future development of the city is considered Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        740 - Analyze Factors Influencing Tourism Competitiveness (Case Study: Sarein City)
        Hassan Afrakhteh Hamid Jalaliyan Ebrahim Arami
        Among the major problems of today's tourism industry is the lack of competitiveness. One of the pillars of this problem is the lack of a clear approach to enhance competitiveness there is also a direct link between increasing the competitiveness of a country and the com More
        Among the major problems of today's tourism industry is the lack of competitiveness. One of the pillars of this problem is the lack of a clear approach to enhance competitiveness there is also a direct link between increasing the competitiveness of a country and the competitive strength of the firm. Competitiveness of tourism destination is considered as one of the most important types of spatial competitiveness and an endogenous growth and development industry in many cities around the world. Sarein District has a combination of human and natural attractions and is ecotourist with many abilities. So far, various models have been proposed for tourism competitiveness. The aim of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting the tourism competitiveness of Sarein region by utilizing and integrating the two Karachi-Richi and Kano models. The research was carried out with a survey of 573 questionnaires among tourists, business people and local people during the period from June 15 to August 15, 1396. The results were analyzed using factor analysis and LISREL software. Findings indicate that among the six indicators in the consolidation model, priority axis resources, destination management, reinforcement factors, policy planning and destination development, tourist&rsquo;s satisfaction, factors and backup resources are the priorities. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        741 - Analysis of Changes in Comfort Climate Tourism of Human Residents of Guilan Province Using the Indicator (PET)
        Saeedeh Moradmand Amir Gandmakar Ahmad Khadem Al-Husseini Alireza Abbasi
        With attention to the importance of the tourism industry and its dependence on the climate as a determinant factor for the planning of tourists, the need to understand the desirable and desirable weather conditions for domestic and foreign tourists is necessary so that More
        With attention to the importance of the tourism industry and its dependence on the climate as a determinant factor for the planning of tourists, the need to understand the desirable and desirable weather conditions for domestic and foreign tourists is necessary so that the applicant can adapt to it, planning In terms of travel time, type of clothing and equipment required. Guilan province, in terms of geographical conditions and having natural features such as coastal, plain and mountainous areas, as one of the most volatile areas of the country, requires a timetable for tourism, and by providing this comprehensive calendar can Take an important step on the basis of the climate of the environment Tourism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the thermal comfort climate of Guilan province based on weather stations of synoptic stations in time interval (1980 - 2016) using PET model) and analyze it based on maps obtained from GIS software. Its assistance could provide the necessary planning for the development of tourism in the province and the appropriate location and timing. The results show that the past 37 years in July, which coincided with the solar date from July 10 to August 10, the index of the PET index has been decreasing, and the climate condition has improved in this month and the heat stress has declined. Also, October and May (May and October) are among the most suitable periods for tourism in terms of comfort climate. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        742 - Structural analysis of drivers affecting the future status of urban competitiveness (Case study: Tehran metropolis)
        Elnaz Behzadpour Mohammad reza Farzad behtash Zahra Saeede ZarAbadi
        AbstractIntroduction: Urban competitiveness as a new approach in urban planning tries to discuss urban development from a new perspective by having a kind of competition between cities to attract effective capital in development and emphasizing competitive advantage.Aim More
        AbstractIntroduction: Urban competitiveness as a new approach in urban planning tries to discuss urban development from a new perspective by having a kind of competition between cities to attract effective capital in development and emphasizing competitive advantage.Aim of the research: The purpose of this article is to present an analysis of the structural effects of effective drivers on the future state of urban competitiveness in the metropolis of Tehran.Research Methodology: Research in terms of practical purpose, collecting information from documentary studies in the form of content analysis and specialized interviews with 20 expertsAnd it is Delphi. 43 Drivers Affecting the Future of Tehran Metropolitan Competitiveness in 7 economic, institutional, physical-spatial, environmental, individual-human, socio-cultural and technological and communication dimensions, which have been processed by structural interaction analysis method in MICMAC software.Geographical area of the research: According to the results of the 2016 census, the metropolis of Tehran has a population of 8679936 people in 22 regions, which are settled in an area of 716 square kilometers.Findings and Discussion: The findings of the study indicate that out of 1359 measurable stimuli, 548 relationships with the number 2 have relatively strong impact relationships, plus 196 relationships have the number 3, which means that the key propulsion relationships are very They are many and have a lot of impact and effectiveness. The propulsion clustering system focuses on independent propulsion and about 20 propellants have low impact and effectiveness.Results: The results show that among 43 drivers, 9 drivers are the most important drivers of the future competitiveness of Tehran metropolis, respectively: urban governance, quality of universities and research institutions, e-government, urban form and density, economic stability The system of using intelligent transportation, creating innovation through specialization of regional economy, the existence of knowledge-based and innovative business, urban management planning and market-based management have been identified, so priority should be given to these key drivers in formulating the future strategy of metropolitan competitiveness. Tehran should be provided through the foundation of upstream documents and the content of the urban competitiveness planning plan. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        743 - بررسی اثر کود پتاسمی زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش (Catharanthus roseus Cv. ‘Acillata’)
        مریم جدید سلیماندارابی داود هاشم آبادی فاطمه زارع دوست
        مطالعه حاضر به‌منظور بررسی اثر کود پتاسه زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش انجام شد. بدین‌منظور آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 2 فاکتور: 1) روش&shy;های مختلف کاربرد کود بیولوژیک پتاسه (شاهد (B0)، بذرمال (B1)، ریشه مال (B2)، بذرمال &times; ریشه‌ More
        مطالعه حاضر به‌منظور بررسی اثر کود پتاسه زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش انجام شد. بدین‌منظور آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 2 فاکتور: 1) روش&shy;های مختلف کاربرد کود بیولوژیک پتاسه (شاهد (B0)، بذرمال (B1)، ریشه مال (B2)، بذرمال &times; ریشه‌مال (B3)) و 2) سطوح مختلف پتاسیم شیمیایی (0 (K0)، 100 (K1)، 200 (K2) و 300&nbsp; (K3) میلی‌گرم در لیتر) در 3 تکرار و 48 واحد آزمایشی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلدانی متعلق به تیمار ریشه‌مال &times; 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی (58/35 روز) بود. بیشترین تعداد شاخه جانبی (66/3)، تعداد برگ (88/42)، وزن تر بوته (69/17 گرم)، تعداد گل (46/4) و کلروفیل a (61/10 میلی‌گرم در هر گرم وزن تر) به تیمار بذرمال &times; 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی اختصاص داشت. تیمار ریشه مال &times; 200 میلی&shy;گرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی برترین تیمار در صفت پتاسیم گیاه (9/28 میلی&shy;گرم در کیلوگرم) بود. بیشترین مقدار آنتوسیانین گلبرگ (04/178 میلی‌گرم در 100 گرم وزن خشک) در تیمار "بذرمال &times; ریشه‌مال" &times; بدون پتاسیم شیمیایی مشاهده شد. مناسبترین تیمار جهت بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گل پروانش تیمار بذرها با کود بیولوژیک و 300 میلی&shy;گرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی معرفی می&shy;شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        744 - راهکارهای کسب مزیت رقابتی بر مبنای استراتژی تمرکز بر مشتریان و بازار برای توسعه و ترویج کسب و کارهای گیاهان دارویی و زینتی در استان ایلام
        homayoon moradnezhadi mohamad jasemi hossein mahdizade
        متکی بودن اقتصاد ایران بر درآمدهای نفتی و تأثیرپذیری درآمدها از مسائل سیاسی و اقتصادی، آسیب پذیری اقتصاد کشور را موجب شده است. یکی از راههای مقابله با این چالش توسعه تولیداتی است که ضمن بهبودی وضعیت اقتصاد داخلی سبب افزایش صادرات غیر نفتی شود.ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ و زینتی ﻳﻜﻲ ا More
        متکی بودن اقتصاد ایران بر درآمدهای نفتی و تأثیرپذیری درآمدها از مسائل سیاسی و اقتصادی، آسیب پذیری اقتصاد کشور را موجب شده است. یکی از راههای مقابله با این چالش توسعه تولیداتی است که ضمن بهبودی وضعیت اقتصاد داخلی سبب افزایش صادرات غیر نفتی شود.ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ و زینتی ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ در ﮔﺴﺘﺮه وﺳﻴﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺻﻮرت ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ، ﻛﺸﺖ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداری ﺻﺤﻴﺢ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﻳﻲ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺻﺎدرات ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﻳﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.در این راستای مهم، پژوهش حاضر به راهکارهای کسب مزیت رقابتی بر مبنای استراتژی تمرکز بر مشتریان و بازار برای توسعه و ترویج کسب و کارهای گیاهان دارویی و زینتی در استان ایلام می پردازد.این پژوهش، به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر پارادایم، جز تحقیقات ترکیبی (کیفی &ndash; کمی) می- باشد. در قسمت کیفی از روش دلفی و در قسمت کمی از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شده است و جامعه آماری آن در بخش کیفی صاحبنظران حوزه بازاریابی، کارآفرینی و گیاهان دارویی در استان ایلام بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند تعداد 12 نفر انتخاب شدند و در بخش کمی هم صاحبنظران حوزه گیاهان دارویی بودند که تعداد 33 نفر شناسایی شد که مورد سرشماری قرار گرفتند. داده های مورد نیاز با استفاده از پرسشنامه مقایسه زوجی جمع آوری شد و با استفاده از نرم افزار Expert Choice11 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند که نتایج نشان داد، علاوه بر اینکه تمامی راهکارهای های شناسایی شده در رسیدن گیاهان و زیتنی به مزیت رقابتی نقش دارند، شناسایی نقاط قوت و ضعف رقبا بیشترین نقش را در به مزیت رساندن گیاهان دارویی و زینتی استان ایلام دارد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        745 - ارزیابی محیط‌های مختلف رشد و کود ازته بر برخی صفات موفولوژیکی اسپاتی‌فیلوم
        سید فاضل فاضلی کاخکی علیرضا شریفیان ناصر بیک زاده
        به منظورمطالعه بسترهای مختلف کشت و کود ازته با منشا اوره بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی گیاه زینتی اسپاتی فیلوم، آزمایشی به&shy;صورت طرح کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک&shy;های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و در شرایط گلخانه در سال 1397 اجرا شد. پلات اصلی شامل محیط کشت‌های خاک برگ More
        به منظورمطالعه بسترهای مختلف کشت و کود ازته با منشا اوره بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی گیاه زینتی اسپاتی فیلوم، آزمایشی به&shy;صورت طرح کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک&shy;های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و در شرایط گلخانه در سال 1397 اجرا شد. پلات اصلی شامل محیط کشت‌های خاک برگ، ورمی‌کمپوست و یک محیط رشد مخلوط (مرکب از 20 درصد پیت موس، 50 درصد کوکوپیت و 30 درصد پرلیت) بود و پلات فرعی نیز مقادیر مختلف کود اوره (شامل 0، 1، 2، 3 و 4 گرم در لیتر) بود. نتایج نشان داد که محیط رشد مخلوط به علاوه دو گرم در لیتر کود اوره، اثر مثبت معنی‌داری بر تمام صفات دارد. با توجه به نتایج اثرات برهمکنش، بیشترین وزن تر ساقه (5/26 گرم در هر بوته)، وزن خشک ساقه (75/3 گرم در هر بوته)، وزن تر ریشه (5/35 گرم در هر بوته)، وزن خشک ریشه (87/4 گرم در هر بوته)، طول دم‌برگ (1/55 سانتی‌متر) و تعداد برگ (1/12) از محیط رشد مخلوط به علاوه دو گرم در لیتر کود اوره حاصل شد در حالی که مقدار این صفات در تمام محیط‌های رشد بدون کود اوره، حداقل بود. افزایش کود اوره از صفر به دو گرم در لیتر، باعث افزایش وزن خشک ساقه و طول دم‌برگ شد در حالی که استفاده از سه و چهار گرم در لیتر کود اوره، مقدار این صفات را کاهش داد. محیط‌های رشد با هدایت الکتریکی دو دسی زیمنس در متر، تخلخل بالا و ظرفیت نگهداری بالای آب می‌تواند اثرات قابل ملاحظه‌ای بر بهبود صفات موفولوژیکی گیاه اسپاتی‌فیلوم داشته باشد.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        746 - ارزیابی واریته های گل جعفری (Tagetes erecta) از نظر خصوصیات رشد، گلدهی و ویژگی های گل در سه منطقه نپال
        Januka Dahal Sabina Tiwari Upakar Bhandari Suchit Shrestha
        گل جعفری در سلسله گیاهی خیلی معروف است و برای تزیین، مراسم مذهبی، مصرف محلی، اهداف پزشکی و تغذیه دام استفاده می&shy;شود. این مطالعه برای ارزیابی چهار واریته کارما اورنج، کارما-I-اورنج، کارما-555-اورنج و کارما-777- اورنج از نظر خصوصیات رویشی، گلدهی و عملکرد انجام شده است More
        گل جعفری در سلسله گیاهی خیلی معروف است و برای تزیین، مراسم مذهبی، مصرف محلی، اهداف پزشکی و تغذیه دام استفاده می&shy;شود. این مطالعه برای ارزیابی چهار واریته کارما اورنج، کارما-I-اورنج، کارما-555-اورنج و کارما-777- اورنج از نظر خصوصیات رویشی، گلدهی و عملکرد انجام شده است. آزمایش بر اساس طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه منطقه کشور&nbsp; نپال شامل کاسکی، کاتماندو و لاتی پور از آگوست 2019 تا ژانویه 2020 پیاده شد. داده&shy;ها جمع&shy;آوری و به&shy;وسیله برنامه r-پروگرام (نسخه 5-0-4) تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. واریته&shy;ها، مناطق و اثر متقابل آن&shy;ها در تقریبا همه صفات اختلاف معنی&shy;دار نشان دادند. تولید گل جعفری در منطقه کاسکی از نظر ارتفاع بوته، پهنای بوته، تعداد گل در گیاه و عملکرد بهتر از مناطق دیگر بود. بعلاوه، در این منطقه، تعداد روز تا اولین غنچه به شکل معنی&shy;داری کمتر از مناطق دیگر بود. واریته کارما اورنج بیشترین ارتفاع (18/5 &plusmn; 88/81 سانتی&shy;متر) را داشت و به ورس خیلی حساس بود و حداقل تعداد گل (78/3 &plusmn; 2/83) را داشت. واریته کارما-555-اورنج بیشترین گل در بوته (46/9 &plusmn; 38/104) و اندازه گل متوسطی داشت، شکل گل توپی بود و برای تاج و حلقه گل خیلی مطلوب بود. واریته کارما-777- اورنج ارتفاع متوسط (67/2 &plusmn; 49/51 سانتی&shy;متر) داشت و از نظر تعداد گل (57/6 &plusmn; 64/101) و عملکرد (1/0 &plusmn; 86/1 کیلوگرم در بوته) با واریته کارما-555- اورنج اختلاف معنی&shy;داری نداشت. این واریته برای کشت در فضای سبز، گلدان و شاخه بریده ایده&shy;آل است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        747 - بررسی اثرات 1-MCP (1-متیل سیکلوپروپن) بر شاخص‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی Primula sinensis L.
        المیرا قاسم زاده ندا نکویار محمود قاسم نژاد زکیه صفا
        اثرات 1-MCP بر برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی گل پامچال در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور 1-MCP در شش سطح (0، 50، 75، 100، 150 و 200 نانولیتر در لیتر)، در سه مدت زمان (18، 21 و 24 ساعت) در سه تکرار به تعداد 54 کرت آزمایشی و 270 بوت More
        اثرات 1-MCP بر برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی گل پامچال در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور 1-MCP در شش سطح (0، 50، 75، 100، 150 و 200 نانولیتر در لیتر)، در سه مدت زمان (18، 21 و 24 ساعت) در سه تکرار به تعداد 54 کرت آزمایشی و 270 بوته پامچال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در اتاق پس از برداشت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت با دمای محیط 2&plusmn;20 درجه سانتی&shy;گراد، رطوبت&shy;نسبی 60 تا 70 درصد، شدت نور 15 تا 20 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه و طول روز 12 ساعت انجام شد. در این تحقیق تولید اتیلن، درصد ماده خشک، عمر گلدانی گل پامچال، محتوای پروتئین در گلبرگ‌ها، شاخص‌های کلروفیل a، b و کل و نسبت گلچه‌های باز به گلچه‌های بسته اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر مدت زمان فقط بر تولید اتیلن و میزان پروتئین گلبرگ معنی‌دار بود، اما غلظت 1-MCP روی تمامی صفات به جز عمر گلدانی معنی‌دار بود. اثر متقابل مدت زمان و غلظت 1-MCP از نظر آماری بر عمر گلدانی در سطح 5 درصد معنی‌دار بود، به&shy;طوری که تیمار T3C5 (24 ساعت + 150 نانولیتر در لیتر 1-MCP) عمر گلدانی را 2/1 روز در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        748 - بیان ژن ایزومراز کالکون در مراحل مختلف گل‌دهی اطلسی و رنگ‌های مختلف گل
        فاطمه کیخا آخر عبدالرضا باقری نسرین مشتاقی مسعود فخرفشانی
        اطلسی یکی از مهمترین گیاهان زینتی در صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی است. این گیاه به&shy; عنوان یک گیاه مدل زینتی شناخته می شود و یکی از مهمترین گیاهان در بازار فروش گل می&shy; باشد. فلاونوئیدها یکی از اصلی &shy;ترین ترکیبات در این گیاه است. بنابراین مهندسی ژنتیک با هدف تغییر ر More
        اطلسی یکی از مهمترین گیاهان زینتی در صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی است. این گیاه به&shy; عنوان یک گیاه مدل زینتی شناخته می شود و یکی از مهمترین گیاهان در بازار فروش گل می&shy; باشد. فلاونوئیدها یکی از اصلی &shy;ترین ترکیبات در این گیاه است. بنابراین مهندسی ژنتیک با هدف تغییر رنگ گل در اطلسی بر این ترکیبات متمرکز شده است. برای بدست آوردن نمای کلی از بیان ژن&shy; ها در مسیر بیوسنتزی گیاه اطلسی، ما بیان ژن چالکون ایزومراز را در رنگ &shy;های مختلف و مراحل متفاوت گلدهی در این گیاه بررسی کردیم. همچنین برای بدست آوردن رابطه احتمالی بین بیان ژن و میزان این ترکیبات، غلظت فلاونوئیدهای کل، آنتوسیانین &shy;ها و نارنجنین اندازه &shy;گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیان ژن چالکون ایزومراز در رنگ &shy;های مختلف اطلسی متفاوت بود. بطوری&shy; که بیشترین بیان ژن در اطلسی با رنگ گل قرمز مشاهده شد. همچنین غلظت نارنجنین در این رنگ گل بیشترین مقدار بود. در مقایسه با مراحل مختلف گلدهی، مرحله 1 بیشترین بیان را داشت. به عبارت دیگر هنگامی که گل&shy; ها به&shy; طور کامل بسته بودند (غنچه گل)، بیان و غلظت چالکون ایزومراز بیشترین مقدار بود. نتایج آزمایش ما نشان داد که چالکون ایزومراز یکی از ژن &shy;های کلیدی در مسیر بیوسنتزی تولید رنگ در این گیاه است به &shy;طوری که در غیاب این ژن، تولید رنگ متوقف خواهد شد. شناسایی ژن&shy; های موثر در مسیر تولید متابولیت &shy;های ثانویه در انتخاب صحیح ژن&shy; ها برای تغییر ژنتیکی آن&shy; ها و تولید متابولیت&shy; های ثانویه مختلف موثر خواهد بود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        749 - ارزیابی رشد و توانایی گیاه پالایی تال فسکیو زینتی و آفتابگردان در خاک‌های آلوده به هیدروکربن های نفتی
        کامران پروانک
        چکیده لجن نفتی پسماندهای حاصل از فرآیندهای پالایش نفت خام می‌باشند و اولویت‌ترین آلاینده های آلی موجود در محیط زیست هستند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی توانایی گیاه آفتابگردان و تال فسکیوی زینتی جهت پالایش لجن نفتی پالایشگاه اصفهان و عکس‌العمل رشد این گیاهان به آلودگی نفتی د More
        چکیده لجن نفتی پسماندهای حاصل از فرآیندهای پالایش نفت خام می‌باشند و اولویت‌ترین آلاینده های آلی موجود در محیط زیست هستند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی توانایی گیاه آفتابگردان و تال فسکیوی زینتی جهت پالایش لجن نفتی پالایشگاه اصفهان و عکس‌العمل رشد این گیاهان به آلودگی نفتی در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. بدین منظور لجن نفتی پس از هوا خشک شدن به نسبت‌های صفر(شاهد)، 10 و 20 درصد وزنی با خاک غیر آلوده مخلوط و به صورت جداگانه در گلدان (3 kg) ریخته شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. بر اساس نتایج، میانگین درصد جوانه‌زنی گیاه تال فسکیو با افزایش مقدار لجن از سطح 0 به سطح 10 و 20 درصد به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت (P&lt;0.01). در گیاه آفتابگردان این کاهش معنی‌دار نبود. میانگین ارتفاع، عملکرد ریشه و اندام هوایی گیاه تال فسکیو فقط در تیمار 20 درصد لجن نفتی نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش معنی‌دار نشان داد. در گیاه آفتابگردان این کاهش در هر سه سطح لجن معنی‌دار نبود (P&lt;0.01). بیشترین مقدار کاهش هیدروکربن‌های نفتی (89%) در ریزوسفر گیاه تال فسکیو، در سطح 10 درصد لجن نفتی مخلوط با خاک مشاهده شد. با افزایش میزان لجن مصرفی به بیش از 10 درصد، میزان تجزیه هیدروکربن‌های نفتی در ریزوسفر هر دو گیاه به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. بنابراین به دلیل رشد و عملکرد مناسب ماده خشک گیاهی و داشتن سیستم ریشه فیبری در گیاه تال فسکیو که سبب کاهش بیشتر کل هیدروکربن‌های نفتی می‌شود، استفاده از این گیاه به عنوان گونه‌ای مناسب برای گیاه پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به لجن نفتی پالایشگاه اصفهان توصیه می‌شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        750 - Comparison Tea Extract, 8-Hydroxyquinoline Sulfate and Rifampicin on the Vase Life of Cut Flower chrysanthemum (Denderanthema grandiflorum L. cv. Purple)
        Davood Hashemabadi Hamideh Bagheri
        Maintaining quality and longevity of cut flowers is one of the critical issues in the floriculture industry, especially in cut flowers; and one of the most important problems in chrysanthemum, as one of the most popular cut flowers. Therefore, an experiment was conducte More
        Maintaining quality and longevity of cut flowers is one of the critical issues in the floriculture industry, especially in cut flowers; and one of the most important problems in chrysanthemum, as one of the most popular cut flowers. Therefore, an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design as pulse treatment with the three factors: tea extracts with 4 levels (5, 10, 20, and 40 %), 8-hydroxy quinoline sulfate with 4 levels (100, 200, and 400 mg l-1), and rifampicin with 3 levels (100, 200, and 400 mg l-1) on spray chrysanthemum (cv. Purple) with three replications. According to the results, the 20% tea extract treatment and 100 mg l-1 8-hydroxy quinoline sulfate treatment showed the highest vase life, petal protein, total chlorophyll, water absorption, and petal carotenoid. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        751 - Effect of Antibiotics and Essential Oils on Postharvest Life and Quality Characteristics of Chrysanthemum Cut Flower
        Davood Hashemabadi Mohammad Zarchini Shokrollah Hajivand Somayyeh Zarchini
        Chrysanthemum cut flower is not sensitive to ethylene and its vase life depends on vascular blockage. In order to evaluating of effect of antibiotics and essential oils on the vase life and quality characteristics of chrysanthemum cut flower an experiment carried out ba More
        Chrysanthemum cut flower is not sensitive to ethylene and its vase life depends on vascular blockage. In order to evaluating of effect of antibiotics and essential oils on the vase life and quality characteristics of chrysanthemum cut flower an experiment carried out based on a RCD with 10 treatments: Artemisia at 3 levels (10, 30 and 50 %), amoxicillin at 3 levels (100, 200 and 300 mg l-1), Rifampin at 3 levels (100, 200 and 300 mg l-1) and the control plants in 3 replications. Analysis of variance showed that effect of treatments on measured traits was significant at p&pound;0.05 or p&pound;0.01. Mean comparisons also revealed that 30% of Artemisia oil, 200 mg l-1 amoxicillin and 200 mg l-1 rifampin caused the longest vase life, the highest preservative solution uptake. petal's soluble protein contents, leaf chlorophyll and maximum fresh weight. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        752 - Agricultural Extension Needs of Frontline Extension Workers under a Pluralistic Advisory System: Case of Zimbabwe Agricultural Growth Programme.
        Christopher Gadzirayi Never Mafuse Emmanuel Zivenge Ronald Veremu Waddlove Sansole
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        753 - Evaluating and Presenting a Model of Competitiveness of Agricultural Products in Khuzestan Using Theme Method
        Seyed Ali Jalali Majid NiliAhmadabadi Belqis Bavarsad Saber Mullah Alizadeh Zavardehi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        754 - Quantification the effects of reduced herbicide doses and nitrogen levels on wheat-Avena ludoviciana Duriu competition
        Iman Ahmadi1* Abdolmahdi Bakhshandeh Mohmmad-Hossein Gharineh
        A better understanding of factors affecting competition between wheat and weeds can facilitate the development of more effective crop management methods. In order to quantification wheat- Avena ludoviciana Duriu competition in response to nitrogen and Othello OD herbici More
        A better understanding of factors affecting competition between wheat and weeds can facilitate the development of more effective crop management methods. In order to quantification wheat- Avena ludoviciana Duriu competition in response to nitrogen and Othello OD herbicide. A field experiment in 2018-19 was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Nitrogen fertilizer in included five levels of 0, 80, 160, 240 and Unconventional consumption 320 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen fertilizer was considered as the main plot and the herbicide dose of Othello OD herbicide in five levels of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 times the recommended dose (The recommended dose of herbicide is 1.6 L ha-1) was considered as the sub plot. The results showed the dose required for 50% reduction of weed biomass in non-fertilized conditions, was equal to 75% of the recommended herbicide was used. That with increasing nitrogen fertilizer consumption led to lower herbicide dose. So that by consumption 320 kg N ha-1 reached 37% of the recommended dosage of this herbicide. Also, to achieve about 700 g m-2 of wheat biomass, using 185 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer plus 85% of the recommended herbicide dose, or applying 320 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer and 65% of the recommended dose of herbicide. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        755 - The relationship between Social competence and Empowerment with Organizational Citizenship in staff of Sport and Youth Organization of Tehran province
        Mahbobeh mehrajee fg ghobadi mojtaba aali ebrahim deldar
        The purpose of this study was The relationship between Social competence and Empowerment with Organizational Citizenship in staff of Sport and Youth Organization of Tehran province . The method of this research was descriptive and all of the staffs (Official, Contract, More
        The purpose of this study was The relationship between Social competence and Empowerment with Organizational Citizenship in staff of Sport and Youth Organization of Tehran province . The method of this research was descriptive and all of the staffs (Official, Contract, Pact and Corporate) all of experts, responsible experts and male and females staff of sport and youth departments in Tehran province with atleast diploma were choose as research sample. According to Morgan table (n=132) was selected. In this study we used 3 questionnaire, Social competence questionnaire of Nikooraftar (2011), Empowerment questionnaire of Spritzer (1995) and Organizational Citizenship questionnaire of Padsacof (1990). Content validity and reliability of three questionnaires was confirmed. Kolmogorov-Smirnov was conformed the normality of data. Analyzing was done by Descriptive Statistics (Frequency) and Inferential statistics (Pierson correlation and Regression)(P 0/05). The results show that there is relationship between The relationship between Social competence and Empowerment with Organizational Citizenship in staff of Sport and Youth Organization of Tehran province and also the result show that Social competence and Empowerment can affect of Organizational Citizenship in staff of Sport and Youth Organization of Tehran province. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        756 - The Impact of Ethical Competence on Training of Human Resources from Perspective of Islamic Azad University Teachers in West Mazandaran
        Samira Ehsani Farshideb Zameni Mohammad Salehi
        The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of ethical competence on human resource education from the viewpoint of professors of Mazandaran Islamic Azad University in 1395. The research method was applied for the purpose of the research and the method of More
        The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of ethical competence on human resource education from the viewpoint of professors of Mazandaran Islamic Azad University in 1395. The research method was applied for the purpose of the research and the method of data collection was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of 274 full-time faculty members of Mazandaran Islamic Azad universities. Using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method, 160 subjects were considered as sample size. The data collection method was based on a researcher-made moral competency questionnaire based on the Whiton model (2007) and staff training of Najafizadeh (1393). After collecting questionnaires, data analysis and testing of hypotheses were done using Structural Equation Modeling Method and using Smart PLS 2 software in two parts of the measurement model and structural part. In the first part, technical characteristics of the questionnaire including reliability, convergent validity and divergent validity of PLS-specific questionnaire were investigated. In the second part, the software's significant coefficients were used to examine the research hypotheses. Finally, the findings of the research confirmed the effect of moral competency and its components including subject knowledge, logical skills, problem solving skills, defensive skills, consensus-building skills and self-awareness on human resources training at Islamic Azad universities in Mazandaran province. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        757 - Cultural agility of university directors by contemplating the perceptions of managers and faculty members (Case study: Islamic Azad University of Guilan Province)
        mahlaqa karimi mohamad sahebazmani naderqoli qorchiyan
        This article studies the cultural agility of managers of Islamic Azad universities in Guilan province in individual areas, management of cultural diversity and executive management from the perspective of university administrators and faculty members. Method: The resear More
        This article studies the cultural agility of managers of Islamic Azad universities in Guilan province in individual areas, management of cultural diversity and executive management from the perspective of university administrators and faculty members. Method: The research is a practical and quantitative approach. The statistical population included all faculty members and faculty members of the universities of Guilan province, which were selected by stratified random sampling method. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Findings: 1. There is a significant difference between the present situation and the desirable situation of cultural agility of university administrators. 2. There are significant differences between the three dimensions of cultural agility of university administrators, then the executive management''''''''''''''''s desirability of university administrators. Conclusion: Developing policies and programs for training cultural agility of university administrators can help fill this gap. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        758 - Understanding of the managers of the Technical and Vocational University of the country of the professional competence of the managers (use of the treasury network)
        soror chekani azaran hamidreza arasteh kamran mohammadkhani
        Technical and Vocational University on the horizon is a powerful university in the field of training skilled, qualified and appropriate human resources, knowledge-based, advanced, industrial and world-renowned. The purpose of this study is to understand the managers of More
        Technical and Vocational University on the horizon is a powerful university in the field of training skilled, qualified and appropriate human resources, knowledge-based, advanced, industrial and world-renowned. The purpose of this study is to understand the managers of the Technical and Vocational University of the country of the professional competence of managers (using the treasury network). The strategy used in this study is of the mixed type, which takes advantage of qualitative and quantitative strategies simultaneously by adopting the Treasury Network method. The present research is from the perspective of orientation, fundamental and from the objective point of view, exploratory and is among the researches with field character. The statistical population of the study includes experts and managers of the Technical and Vocational University of the country. These individuals were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (12 interviews with 12 individuals and continued until theoretical saturation). In order to identify the indicators, the Treasury Network method and the average statistical tests, standard deviation as well as the T-sample test (quantitative approaches) were used. The results showed that there are 36 main structures regarding the professional competence of the managers of the country's technical and vocational university Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        759 - Designing a competitive model of welfare bank in a qualitative way with a social marketing approach
        mohammad haghighi Mehdi Karimian Kakolaki Abdul Khaliq Gholami Chenarestan Olya
        Today, many efforts of business managers are focused on the issue of competitiveness. On the other hand, some social developments have raised the level of demands and expectations of people in society and the importance of social status and credibility of organizations More
        Today, many efforts of business managers are focused on the issue of competitiveness. On the other hand, some social developments have raised the level of demands and expectations of people in society and the importance of social status and credibility of organizations has increased in turn. Therefore, in this study, the competitiveness model of the Welfare Bank was designed with a social marketing approach using a mixed method. In the qualitative stage of the research, the discovery of the competitiveness model of the Welfare Bank with a social marketing approach was investigated. The study population in this study was the managers of the branches of the Welfare Bank. From among the different branches of this bank, a sample of 127 managers was randomly selected. Necessary information in qualitative research was done through interviews and then data analysis was done through PLS software. Findings of the research in the qualitative stage showed that social responsibility, the bank's adherence to the green marketing approach, creating trust and well-being for customers, implementing customer-oriented policies, emphasizing customer satisfaction and loyalty with targeted marketing methods are factors affecting competitive advantage. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        760 - Study of Psycho-social motivations and influencing the youth sports Cyber Games (Case Study: Yazd University students)
        مهربان پارسا مهر سیدپویا رسولی نژاد هادی میرزاییان مفرد
        The purpose of this study the psycho-social motivations influencing the youth sports Cyber Games among students of Yazd University that Theoretical framework to explain the problem and determine the benefit and satisfaction of views and replication were used. The study More
        The purpose of this study the psycho-social motivations influencing the youth sports Cyber Games among students of Yazd University that Theoretical framework to explain the problem and determine the benefit and satisfaction of views and replication were used. The study was conducted as a survey and data collection tool was a questionnaire. The survey Yazd University students that the sample size was determined based on a formula Cochran 380. In terms of when the study was conducted in the academic year 1394-1393. The results show that all the independent variables and the dependent variable was positive and significant relationship. According to regression analysis, five variables feel a sense of competitiveness, the formation of identity, violence and social interaction in a total of 31% of the variation of cyber games sports explain. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        761 - Study of Enabling comparative human resources and employee education and training of bank employees in Isfahan
        یعقوب احمدی مسعود غفاری مریم سپیانی
        Empowerment is a process that occurs in an organization to excellence in human resources. Climbing enabling an organization to increase its effectiveness in comparison with other leading organizations. In this study, both the education and empowerment of the Bank is ana More
        Empowerment is a process that occurs in an organization to excellence in human resources. Climbing enabling an organization to increase its effectiveness in comparison with other leading organizations. In this study, both the education and empowerment of the Bank is analyzing the survey. Methods the sample size is small quota among the 260 employees of the bank and the city's distribution and collection. The results show a statistical fact that the total amount of empowerment among bank employees higher education staff. The description of the results obtained for the 25 questions of empowerment mean for teachers, which is 65/81, which is lower than the average of the 75 compared to empower managers and employees of the bank, which is 70/95, very low is. This means that the ability of bank employees, however, was less than average, but compared to empower employees with higher education. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        762 - استراتژیهای بازاریابی محصولات ارگانیک در ایران
        محمود محمدیان محمدعلی داداشی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        763 - الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) مبتنی بر روش بهینه‌سازی مخزن در سد کهیر
        علی سردار شهرکی سمیه امای
        کمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی&shy;های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه&shy;سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خ More
        کمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی&shy;های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه&shy;سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه، رویکرد جدیدی برای پیش&shy;بینی ذخیره مخزن ارائه شده است. الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) یک رویکرد جدید در زمینه محاسبات تکاملی است که راه حل بهینه را در مشکلات مختلف بهینه&shy;سازی محاسبه می&shy;کند. این الگوریتم با مدل&shy;سازی ریاضی فرآیند تکامل اجتماعی روانشناختی، رویکرد جدیدی را برای حل مشکلات بهینه&shy;سازی ریاضی ارائه می&shy;دهد و در مقایسه با سایر الگوریتم&shy;ها، سرعت مناسب و سرعت همگرایی بالایی را در یافتن پاسخ بهینه دارد. در این تحقیق از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای بهینه&shy;سازی سالانه مخزن کهیر برای به دست آوردن سیاست&shy;های بهینه استفاده شده است. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار وجود دارد. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار دارد. مقایسه مدل ICA در جمع 100 نشان داد که الگوریتم ICA با میانگین بهترین ارزش تابع هدف 125، 6/114 و 60/85 با تعدادی از ارزیابی&shy;های بیشتر تابع هدف برای دستیابی به ظرفیت بالاتر، پاسخ بهینه است. نتایج حاکی از خطای 1/6 درصدی در اجرای الگوریتم ICA بین انبارهای مشاهده شده و پیش بینی شده است. نتایج استفاده از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای مسئله بهینه&shy;سازی سالانه بیانگر توانایی روش پیشنهادی است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        764 - طراحی مدل شایستگی‌های حرفه‌ای مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه ای خراسان جنوبی در ایران
        محمد معتمدی کوروش روستا اسدالله زمانی پور ملیحه فلکی
        پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل شایستگی&shy;های حرفه&shy;ای مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه&shy;ای خراسان جنوبی در ایران انجام شده است. روش تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر گردآوری داده&shy;ها توصیفی &ndash; همبستگی است و به روش پیمایش انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق More
        پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل شایستگی&shy;های حرفه&shy;ای مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه&shy;ای خراسان جنوبی در ایران انجام شده است. روش تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر گردآوری داده&shy;ها توصیفی &ndash; همبستگی است و به روش پیمایش انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق 117 نفر از مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه&shy;ای بوده که بدلیل محدود بودن جامعه بصورت سرشماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. ابزار گردآوری داده&shy;ها در این پژوهش، پرسشنامه بود و برای تحلیل داده&shy;ها از نرم&shy;افزار SPSS و Smart PLS استفاده شده است. برای همه شایستگی&shy;ها آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی بیشتر از 7/0 بدست آمد. تحلیل معادلات ساختاری با حداقل مربعات جزئی pls دلالت بر تایید همه فرضیه&shy;ها دارد. در نهایت مدل شایستگی&shy;های حرفه &shy;ی با هفت شایستگی شامل شایستگی مدیریت، فردی، محیط کسب و کار، اعتقادی- اخلاقی، فنی و تخصصی، آکادمیک و عمومی شناسایی شده است که از دید مدیران بیشترین اهمیت مربوط به شایستگی&shy;های مدیریتی و فردی بوده است. از این رو پیشنهاد می&shy;شود مدیران برای تصمیم&shy;گیری صحیح در برخورد با مسائل جدید و متغیر، می&shy;بایست دائماً مهارت&shy;ها و معلومات خود را در زمینه مدیریت اصلاح و به‌روزرسانی کنند تا بتوانند به اهداف غایی تولید دست یابند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        765 - شایستگی های کارآفرینانه ی مدیران در تعاونی‌های زنان روستایی همدان
        رضا موحدی سارا جلیلیان
        پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحیل شایستگی‌های کارآفرینانه‌ی مدیران تعاونی‌های زنان استان همدان انجام شده است. روش انجام تحقیق به صورت پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام پذیرفت. گردآوری داده&shy;ها با تکمیل پرسشنامه&shy;ها توسط &nbsp;105 نفر از مدیران تعاونی&shy;ها به عنو More
        پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحیل شایستگی‌های کارآفرینانه‌ی مدیران تعاونی‌های زنان استان همدان انجام شده است. روش انجام تحقیق به صورت پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام پذیرفت. گردآوری داده&shy;ها با تکمیل پرسشنامه&shy;ها توسط &nbsp;105 نفر از مدیران تعاونی&shy;ها به عنوان نمونه&shy;های تحقیق صورت گرفت. روایی پرسشنامه بر اساس نظر کارشناسان و متخصصان امر بررسی و تایید گردید و پایایی نیز با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 94/0= &alpha; محاسبه و مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. شایستگی&shy;های کارآفرینانه مدیران تعاونی&shy;های مورد مطالعه در هشت عامل قرار گرفتند. این عوامل عبارت بودند از "داشتن اهداف راهبردی"، "توانایی نظارت و سازماندهی افراد"، "ریسک‌پذیری"، "توانایی ایجاد انگیزه و اعتماد در افراد"، "برخورداری از نگرش مثبت و انتقادپذیر"، "توانایی شناسایی و درک نیاز مشتریان"، "مهارت در روابط عمومی و کسب و بکارگیری مهارت و انرژی". به منظور بررسی برازش مدل اندازه&shy;گیری مربوط به سازه شایستگی&shy;های کارآفرینانه مدیران تعاونی&shy;های مورد مطالعه، از مدل معادلات&shy;ساختاری&nbsp; با نرم‌افزار LISREL8.8&nbsp; استفاده شد. نتایج مدل نشان دهنده برازش مناسب برای هشت سازه ذکر شده در بالا بود. همچنین سه نوع شاخص برازش مدل شامل شاخص نیکویی برازش (85/0PNFI= و90/0CFI=)، شاخص تطبیقی (99/0NNFI= ، 94/0 NFI=) و شاخص‌های برازش مقتصد (027/0 = RMSEA&nbsp; و 078/1 = ) برازش عالی و مناسب مدل اندازه&shy;گیری شایستگی‌های کارآفرینانه‌ی مدیران تعاونی‌های زنان را با داده&shy;های مشاهده شده تأیید نمودند.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        766 - Intensification of Rice Production Systems in Southeastern Nigeria: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach
        Albert I. Ugochukwu Chuma I. Ezedinma
        The Nigerian rice sector has made remarkable improvement in the last decade as production has increased significantly thereby reducing the gap between domestic supply and demand. In the last three decades, rice imports make up greater proportion of Nigerian imports as r More
        The Nigerian rice sector has made remarkable improvement in the last decade as production has increased significantly thereby reducing the gap between domestic supply and demand. In the last three decades, rice imports make up greater proportion of Nigerian imports as rice forms a structural component of the Nigerian diet. Past government inconsistent policies were not successful in securing good market share for domestic rice producers, hence producers suffered great losses. The recent resurgence of interest by the present administration to intensify domestic rice production has yielded positive results. The objective of this study is to analyze and assess the costs and benefits of intensification of rice production systems in southeastern Nigeria using a policy analysis matrix approach. Multi Stage sampling technique was employed in selecting 75 upland and 75 lowland rice farmers who were interviewed with structured and validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The result shows that upland; lowland and double rice cropping systems in southeastern Nigeria are profitable based on the policy analysis matrix (PAM) model, and rice production under various systems and technologies is socially profitable and financially competitive. While there exist comparative advantage in the various production systems, with lowland and double cropping being highest, substantial tax was imposed on rice imports in Nigeria and government investment in intensifying rice production had a positive impact on the output of local rice production. The study concludes with strategies for the development of rice sub sector in Nigeria. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        767 - Needs Assessment Competencies: Are They Important for Extension Educators?
        Nav R. Ghimire Robert A. Martin
        The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of eleven professional competencies related to needs assessment and program development; a secondary purpose was to identify the best time these competencies should be learned. The study followed a survey researc More
        The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of eleven professional competencies related to needs assessment and program development; a secondary purpose was to identify the best time these competencies should be learned. The study followed a survey research design, in which 441 randomly selected extension educators in the North Central Region of the United States responded to a questionnaire through an online survey. Results suggest that respondents perceived nine of the eleven competencies as highly important for their professional development. High percentages of the respondents also reported that six competencies should be learned on the job. Stepwise regression analysis revealed the demographics of &ldquo;gender&rdquo; and &ldquo;education&rdquo; as statistically significant predictors in determining respondents&rsquo; perceptions. Findings indicate a need for flexible staff development programs for extension educators through graduate education, in-service programs, and on-the-job training. Findings have implications for designing new policies for employee selection, training, professional development, and performance appraisal. Further study was recommended to determine whether the findings would be valid at the national level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        768 - Pursuing International Competitiveness in Iranian Wheat Policy
        S.S. Hosseini M. Torshizi
        After the war with Iraq which ended in 1988, Iran implemented several agricultural support policies based on Five-Year National Development Plans. The main objective of these plans in the agriculture sector was to make the agricultural economy more market-oriented and t More
        After the war with Iraq which ended in 1988, Iran implemented several agricultural support policies based on Five-Year National Development Plans. The main objective of these plans in the agriculture sector was to make the agricultural economy more market-oriented and to encourage sustainable agriculture. This paper investigates the extent to which Iran's government has been able to achieve this objective in the case of wheat. For this purpose, Producer Support Estimate (PSE) and Consumer Support Estimate (CSE) indicators for Iranian wheat are calculated and discussed. Generally, producers&rsquo; and consumers&rsquo; support is achieved chiefly by distorting market prices. As will be shown, from 1989 to 2006, the PSE increased about 20 times (in real prices), while the level of production increased 1.69 times. However, the PSE had no significant causal relationship with either wheat yield or its area under cultivation. With respect to consumers&rsquo; support, this was found to be positive for Iranian wheat, a result that is uncommon for most developed and developing countries. Recent agricultural policies in Iran do not appear to encourage international competitiveness for wheat and are making the wheat economy more dependent on support prices. We suggest that policy makers reconsider the method of subsidization and the pricing system, at least in the case of wheat. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        769 - راهبردهای کارآفرینانه افزایش مزیت رقابتی گیاهان دارویی در استان ایلام
        محمد جاسمی همایون مرادنژادی محمد سلاورزی
        جستجوی راه&shy;های جدید جهت رقابت در بازارهای رقابتی جوهره&shy;ی اصلی تفکر استراتژیک و استراتژی بازاریابی است. این موضوع همواره مورد توجه صاحب&shy;نظران و اندیشمندان علم اقتصاد بوده و در دهه&shy;های اخیر مورد توجه اندیشمندان مدیریت قرار گرفته است. در این راستا، پژوهش حا More
        جستجوی راه&shy;های جدید جهت رقابت در بازارهای رقابتی جوهره&shy;ی اصلی تفکر استراتژیک و استراتژی بازاریابی است. این موضوع همواره مورد توجه صاحب&shy;نظران و اندیشمندان علم اقتصاد بوده و در دهه&shy;های اخیر مورد توجه اندیشمندان مدیریت قرار گرفته است. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به واکاوی راهبردهای کارآفرینانه افزایش مزیت رقابتی گیاهان دارویی استان ایلام می&shy;&shy;پردازد.این پژوهش، به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر پارادایم، جز تحقیقات ترکیبی (کیفی &ndash; کمی) می&shy;باشد. در قسمت کیفی از روش دلفی و در قسمت کمّی از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شده است و جامعه آماری آن در بخش کیفی صاحبنظران حوزه بازاریابی، کارآفرینی و گیاهان دارویی در استان ایلام بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه&shy;گیری هدفمند تعداد 12 نفر انتخاب شدند و در بخش کمّی هم صاحب&shy;نظران حوزه گیاهان دارویی بودند که تعداد 33 نفر شناسایی شد که مورد تمام&shy;شماریقرار گرفتند. داده&shy;های مورد نیاز با استفاده از پرسشنامه مقایسه زوجیگرد&shy;آوریشد و با استفاده از نرم افزار Expert Choice11 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.نتایج نشان داد، از میان معیارهای بررسی شده (تمایز، کاهش هرینه، تمرکز بر مشتری و بازار، نوآوری و ریسک&shy;پذیری) ، استراتژی تمایزبیشترین نقش را در به مزیت رساندن گیاهاندارویی استان ایلام دارد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        770 - Designing the model of core competencies of health system professionals: a systematic review
        mohammad reza abdollahi mahmood nekoeimoghadam
        Abstract Background and objective: One of the aspects to consider in the health system is to focus on the core competencies of specialists in this field, which allows them to create significant differentiation from competitors by investing in their strengths. The purpo More
        Abstract Background and objective: One of the aspects to consider in the health system is to focus on the core competencies of specialists in this field, which allows them to create significant differentiation from competitors by investing in their strengths. The purpose of this research is to design the model of core competencies of health system specialists in a hybrid method. Research method: The present research was conducted using a meta-combination method in several stages in the health system. After identifying the concepts and codes of core competence components and evaluating its validity and reliability, the initial conceptual model of the research was designed. From the 53 retrieved studies, 7 studies related to the purpose of the study were included for meta-combining. At the level of analysis and presentation of the model, Sandelovski and Barso (2006) meta combination method was used. Findings: The findings showed that the research model includes 9 components including participation and teamwork, health quality promotion, personal development, use of health information technology, system thinking skills, professional performance of responsibilities, evidence-based research and practice, profession E-ism was the observance of moral and legal procedures. The identified factors were approved by experts. Conclusion: In order to focus on the core competencies in the health system, it is necessary to pay attention to the components of the core competencies of specialists and to institutionalize them in all parts of the health system in country. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        771 - Investigating the relationship between antecedents and consequences of cultural competence (Case study: public hospitals in Urmia)
        Eghbal Mohammadpour mansour irandoost hamid lorestani Jalil sahabi
        Abstract Background and purpose: One of the most important duties of doctors and nurses is to provide quality care to patients of any ethnicity and culture, so providing such care requires cultural competence. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the rela More
        Abstract Background and purpose: One of the most important duties of doctors and nurses is to provide quality care to patients of any ethnicity and culture, so providing such care requires cultural competence. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between the antecedents and the consequences of cultural competence in public hospitals in Urmia. Research method: The current research is developmental-applied. The statistical population includes doctors and nurses of public hospitals in Urmia city. For sampling, Sample Power 3 software was used and the sample volume was estimated to be 300 samples. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha tests, and the composite reliability and validity were confirmed through the convergent validity test. Binomial test was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of this research showed that the variables of cultural diversity with a path coefficient value of 0.706, cultural inclination with a path coefficient value of 0.175, cultural encounter with a path coefficient value of 0.046 and cultural humility with a path coefficient value of 0.379 have a significant relationship. and are positively related to cultural competence, also the variables of respect with a path coefficient of 0.315, job performance with a path coefficient of 0.360 and development of professional values with a path coefficient of 0.611 have a positive effect on cultural competence. Conclusion: Due to the importance of cultural competence in the field of health and its effect on the growth and development of the health system, it is necessary to improve the level of their cultural competence in order to communicate effectively with patients. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        772 - Designing and validating the competency model of female
        Nasser Mirspasi Harmat Asghari Ismail Asadi
        Background and purpose: Increasing the presence of women in management positions can lead to good results, despite their lack of experience in management positions, it can create challenges for the organization. The purpose of this research is to design and validate the More
        Background and purpose: Increasing the presence of women in management positions can lead to good results, despite their lack of experience in management positions, it can create challenges for the organization. The purpose of this research is to design and validate the key competencies of female managers in the General Directorate of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare of Tehran Province.Research method: The type of research was applied in terms of result and exploratory in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative phase included 5 executive and academic experts who were selected by purposeful sampling, and the statistical population in the model test phase included all female managers working in the General Directorate of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare of Tehran Province in the number of There were 100 people, based on simple random sampling, 80 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The data was analyzed by SPSS and Smart PLS software.Findings: The findings showed that the competence model of female managers has four dimensions of knowledge and awareness, skill and ability, individual characteristics and values, and nine components of cognitive skill, female identity, protecting the rights of beneficiaries, belief in God, awareness It is intra-organizational, extra-organizational awareness, human and communication skills, technical and executive skills, and soft communication.Conclusion: Paying attention to the dimensions and components of competence of women managers can be one of the ways to improve the quality of their management in the country's organizations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        773 - Identifying the consequences of cultural competence in the public health sector
        Eghbal Mohammadpour mansour irandoost hamid lorestani JALIL SAHABI
        Background and purpose: cultural competence enables the service provider to perform optimally in a multicultural environment and empowers the government organization in terms of flexibility and adaptability. This article was conducted with the aim of identifying the con More
        Background and purpose: cultural competence enables the service provider to perform optimally in a multicultural environment and empowers the government organization in terms of flexibility and adaptability. This article was conducted with the aim of identifying the consequences of cultural competence in the public health sector.Research method: First, meta-synthesis method was used to analyze the research literature, then in the second step, using the opinions of 12 university experts through a semi-structured questionnaire and a two-step Delphi method was used to finalize the model.Findings: First, with a systematic review of 311 scientific sources, which reached 29 after refinement, 3 indicators and 8 sub-indices affecting cultural competence were extracted, then in a questionnaire of 12 experts in the first round, the Kendall coefficient was 625/. It was achieved and by making corrections in the second step, the approved result was 731/. Was obtained.Discussion and conclusion: indicators of cultural security, desirable quality of work life, organizational trust, feeling of respect, self-empowerment, promotion of public culture, reduction of cultural costs, promotion of cultural health, are eight final sub-indices. The application of this article in the public healthcare sector can be a tool for evaluating cultural competence and its findings can be the basis for conducting management measures for organizational improvement and reform. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        774 - Identifying the dimensions and components of the managers' competence of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education
        Iman Vakilzadeh Alireza Manzari Tavakoli Rostam Pourrashidi Amin Nikpour
        Abstract Background and purpose: Today, organizations are facing competency gaps at the management level. Health systems are facing many challenges in this field due to complex health problems and effectiveness and satisfaction goals at all levels. Therefore, the purpos More
        Abstract Background and purpose: Today, organizations are facing competency gaps at the management level. Health systems are facing many challenges in this field due to complex health problems and effectiveness and satisfaction goals at all levels. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and components of managers' competence of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education.Research method: This qualitative-quantitative research is fundamental-applied according to its purpose. In the qualitative part (theme analysis), the statistical population included experts familiar with the subject and 14 people were selected until theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, interpretive structural modeling was used.Findings: The findings showed that the competency model of managers has 5 dimensions and 40 components. These dimensions include professional skills, interactive and collaborative skills, health quality development skills, individual skills, and research-based skills. Among these dimensions, the health quality development skill dimension is the cornerstone of the model.Conclusion: Applying the competency model of health sector managers is one of the ways to improve and promote managers, which can improve the health level of the country. The use of this model in practice requires the awareness of high-level managers, and creating a suitable mechanism for using this model is undeniable.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        775 - Examining the requirements for the implementation of succession in cultural organizations of the country: a systematic review
        Alireza Samet Reiyhane Siri Babak Rezaei Abbasali Ghayoumi
        Background and purpose: Considering the importance of implementing succession in organizations, its requirements are not paid attention to and many organizations fail in implementing this process. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the requirement More
        Background and purpose: Considering the importance of implementing succession in organizations, its requirements are not paid attention to and many organizations fail in implementing this process. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the requirements of the implementation of succession in the country's cultural organizations. Research method: The current research was conducted using a systematic review method. From the 62 reviewed articles, 8 related studies were selected. After identifying the concepts and codes of the requirements for the implementation of surrogacy and evaluating its validity and reliability, the conceptual model of the research was designed. Findings: The findings showed that the identified requirements and preconditions for the successful implementation of succession in cultural organizations include the requirements of cultural foundation, the existence of a suitable organizational structure, mental and psychological preparation of employees, all-round support of managers, focus on individual skills, Transformational leadership, and continuous and updated training and improvement. Conclusion: The implementation of succession in cultural organizations requires paying attention to the requirements without paying attention to them, one cannot expect to implement a successful process. Therefore, managers of cultural organizations should pay attention to institutionalize these requirements in the work environment before planning in this regard. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        776 - Presenting the model of organizational loyalty in the central organization of Islamic Azad University
        Siddiqa Tutian Isfahani mohsen faraji
        The concept of loyalty and its related issues have become increasingly central to the study of organizations in the past few years.Today,the importance of loyalty in organizations has been well revealed,because establishing communication and realizing cooperation betwee More
        The concept of loyalty and its related issues have become increasingly central to the study of organizations in the past few years.Today,the importance of loyalty in organizations has been well revealed,because establishing communication and realizing cooperation between people requires the presence of loyalty,so the present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of organizational loyalty in the central organization of Islamic Azad University.The type of research is based on the purpose,applied and based on Exploratory execution method of qualitative type,which was used by theme analysis,which includes basic, organizing and comprehensive themes.The data collection method was library,field,and data collection tools were questionnaire and interview.They were collected with the help of scanning documents and texts and semi-structured interviews with experts, so that in this research,to evaluate and increase validity and reliability,the method suggested by Linkin and Goba was cited and to ensure validity and acceptability.The data was used from the permanent and continuous engagement method.The statistical research community of experts familiar with the subject,who were selected by targeted sampling through theoretical saturation,was 13 people.According to the research findings of the organizational loyalty model with 4 organizing themes,including organizational competence,Organizational affiliation,effectiveness,job motivation were obtained using the Brown and Clark method in thematic analysis method. From the results of the research, it is possible to mention the essential role of organizational loyalty in the organization,which is mentioned as one of the factors of the progress and transformation of the university and a tool for the growth and transformation of human resources Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        777 - Investigating the impact of job shocks on the career development according to the mediating role of employees' job competence
        Abolfazl Jamali paghaleh Mohsen Arsalan
        AbstractBackground and purpose: external events such as environmental changes, technological developments, retirement policies, etc., which cause a person not to actively move in his career path, are considered job shocks. The purpose of this research is to investigate More
        AbstractBackground and purpose: external events such as environmental changes, technological developments, retirement policies, etc., which cause a person not to actively move in his career path, are considered job shocks. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of job shocks on the career development according to the mediating role of employees' job competence in Rafsanjan Municipality.Research method: The present study was conducted using cross-sectional studies and correlation method in the statistical population of 120 employees of Rafsanjan municipality. The number of samples was determined using Morgan's table of 92 people and simple random sampling method. Data collection was done through three questionnaires and PLS structural modeling was used for data analysis.Findings: The results showed that job shocks have a significant effect on the career development. Also, the components of career optimism, prosperity, and motivation to continue working have a significant impact on career development. But job transfer and career decisions do not have a significant effect on the career development. Job shocks have a significant impact on the development of career paths due to the mediating role of employees' career competence.Conclusion: Job shocks affect many jobs and work processes and create turbulence in the career of employees. By anticipating occupational shocks and having appropriate reactions, it is possible to avoid the injuries of these shocks.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        778 - Petro physical evaluation of in the one ofoil wells Abadan plain hydrocarbon basin
        Naser Ebadati Mohammad Zarbalizadeh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        779 - Evaluation of petrographic number methods efficiency in quality determination of some carbonates rocks
        Mojtaba Kamani Rassoul Ajalloeian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        780 - Investigation of deformation fabrics and emplacement mechanism of NW- Zahedan granites (Kuhe-Zargoli)
        Shahriar Keshtgar Mahbobe Nazari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        781 - Palynology and paleoenvironmental study of the Kalat Formation in the east of the Kopet – Dagh sedimentary basin
        Mohsen Allameh Ebrahim Ghasemi-Nejad Abdollah Saeidi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        782 - Investigation of the Pumice Additive Effect in Azarshahr Region on Mechanical Properties and Self-compacting Concrete Performance
        Farhad Pirmohammadi Alishah Ayub Khandaghi Mehdi Mohammadrezaei Sattar Shafiei
        10.30495/geotech.2022.692951
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        783 - Using fuzzy prospect theory approach to Identifying and prioritizing factors affecting on promoting the competencies of safety supervisors in the Petroleum industry
        seyed mahmood zanjirchi negar jalilian Mohamad Ali Sangbor
        Today in the industry, supervisors play a critical role in helping organizations and causes to the change of the world, well-directed and to achieve their desired objectives. Iran is one of the largest oil and gas producer countries, and oil, gas and petroleum products More
        Today in the industry, supervisors play a critical role in helping organizations and causes to the change of the world, well-directed and to achieve their desired objectives. Iran is one of the largest oil and gas producer countries, and oil, gas and petroleum products in the country is excellent. In oil and gas companies, supervisors as a liaison between management and employees, have a prominent role in the achieving mission and goals of the Company's oil and gas production. In this study, we tried to consider safety competency model, and identify the components of the model in terms of the importance of the oil and gas industry and rank the most important components in the institutionalization of a culture of safety. It should be noted that in this study, to analyze data, theory prospect is used. According to the results of the application of the fuzzy prospect theory, judgment and decision-making criteria for supervisors ranked as first priority and team working and communication were in the second and third priorities Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        784 - Identification & Analysis of Factors Influencing Educational Strategies Case Study: National Iranian Petrochemical Company
        Saeed Hadavand
        This research seeks to identify and analyze the factors that may influence educational strategy National Iranian Petrochemical Company. It is an applied research which uses descriptive- correlation method. Study on the strategy and human resources of the organization as More
        This research seeks to identify and analyze the factors that may influence educational strategy National Iranian Petrochemical Company. It is an applied research which uses descriptive- correlation method. Study on the strategy and human resources of the organization as well as having conducted interviews with directors and professionals allowed us to identify eight factors: &lsquo;management, structure, culture, environmental factors, human resources, strategic program, organizational resources and change management&rsquo;. This finding helped us make questionnaires in order to verify results. Cronbach alpha was used to test reliability it turned out to be 0.86 which is satisfactory. Our statistical population was formed by 146 directors and experts working for Center for Studies and Strategic Planning, specifically in such units as Research and Development, Transactions &amp; Marketing, Quality, Human Resources, Production &amp; Technical Services. Since the number was not beyond control, the questionnaires were distributed among essentially all members of the statistical population. SPSS win 18 was used to analysis data. For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis method was used as a both multivariate and dependent method. Results indicate that the above-mentioned eight factors being identified by this study account for nearly 88 percent of all influences that may be exerted on the organization&rsquo;s educational strategies. This persuades us that these factors have a remarkable effect in the said strategy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        785 - Talent Management Model in the Customs Administration of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Morad Khoshdel Mofidi Mohammad Reza Bagherzadeh asadollah mehrara
        Nowadays, there are some fundamental issues in the Customs Administration due to the necessity of keeping up with the modern administrative and systematic practices of the world. These issues are more about attracting, nurturing and retaining talent, which has raised th More
        Nowadays, there are some fundamental issues in the Customs Administration due to the necessity of keeping up with the modern administrative and systematic practices of the world. These issues are more about attracting, nurturing and retaining talent, which has raised the importance of the talent management debate in this government agency. The purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive model of talent management for the Customs Administration. In order to do this research, due to the need to extract native and specialized characteristics of Customs Organization, to establish a proper framework, we first examined the existing empirical background. Then, after sorting the background, we obtained 139 indices that we selected using Delphi-fuzzy method for expert screening. By purposive sampling, 20 experts were selected. After 4 phases of de-fuzzing, 54 indices remained. The model was evaluated and validated in the Customs Administration through accessible sampling with 367 samples. Through Hierarchical Analysis (AHP) and Expert Chase software: 1. Talent Attraction (0.467) 2. Talent Retention (0.227) 3. Talent Control and Management (0.16) 4. Talent Improvement ( 0.095)Rated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        786 - Designing an employee competency development model using the Evaluation and Development Center
        Mostafa Abedi Ardakani Mohamad Ali Sarlak Hassan Darvish Hassan Forati
        The aim of this study was to "design a model for the development of employee competence using the Center for Evaluation and Development." This research was an exploratory study with an applied purpose and in a mixed form. First, by reviewing the literature of the resear More
        The aim of this study was to "design a model for the development of employee competence using the Center for Evaluation and Development." This research was an exploratory study with an applied purpose and in a mixed form. First, by reviewing the literature of the research subject and then by Delphi method, the dimensions and indicators of staff competency development were identified and in the next step, the implementation of structural equations was performed. The statistical population in the qualitative field includes 14 experts in the field of human resources and in the quantitative part includes all employees of the judiciary affiliated to the judiciary of Yazd province to 650 people and using Cochran's equation, 241 people as a statistical sample randomly selected Were. Based on the research findings, for the proposed model, 6 dimensions and 32 identification indicators and the main dimensions of the model including structural, contextual, behavioral factors, factors related to the characteristics of evaluators, characteristics of the evaluated and competency assessment tools were identified. It is related to the dimensions of "contextual factors" and "behavioral" and the lowest dimension is related to the "characteristics of evaluators". It is suggested that in order to develop human resources and assess the competencies of the employees of the studied devices, the implementation of the evaluation center is on the agenda and in order to develop the competencies of the employees, attention should be paid to structural, contextual and behavioral factors. Establishing the establishment of the proposed model is helpful. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        787 - Designing a model of Human Resource Competency with a Strategic Foresight approach in the Customs of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Bagher Babanejad Mohsen Taheri Demneh samereh shojaei Mohammad bager Gorji
        Today, the importance of the role of human capital as a vital and privileged factor for the survival and success of organizations has been increasingly considered.Organizations should be familiar with the techniques of this action in order to identify and attract capabl More
        Today, the importance of the role of human capital as a vital and privileged factor for the survival and success of organizations has been increasingly considered.Organizations should be familiar with the techniques of this action in order to identify and attract capable HR.Competency identification is the common language for describing the needs of each job, and the competency model is an appropriate tool for identifying competencies.The purpose of this study is to present a model of HR competencies for customs organization in Futuristic approach. Identifying the factors Effective the Customs by studying processes by environmental scanning method (PESTEL technique) and identification of drivers is done by analyzing the data in Micmac software. Then, the future Customs scenarios was adjusted (CBI) and analyzed by data in Wizard scenario.To identify indicators of HR competency, while using the scenarios of Customs, the interview method was used and a questionnaire was used to assess the model. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and statistical tests in SPSS and PLS software. Identifying environmental factors affecting the organization, identifying drivers, uncertainties, and Customs future scenarios can improve long-term forecasting. Results show; Value, knowledge and skills have been identified as effective dimensions of the competency model and core values,professional, operational and managerial competencies have been identified as model areas (levels). Develop competency model with a futuristic approach as a practical solution can help customs managers define the skills and knowledge needed for jobs, evaluate and improve employee performance, align the talent management process with organizational strategy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        788 - Organizational Excellence Model by Examining the Effects of Human Resources Competencies in the Marketing of Educational Services
        Saeed Talebi Seyyed Mahmoud Shabgoo Monsef kambiz shahroodi Farzin Farahbod
        UNESCO considers education to be the key to the development of societies. The current growing competitive environment also made educational institutions compete. Due to the importance of educational institutions that play a fundamental role in society's development, it More
        UNESCO considers education to be the key to the development of societies. The current growing competitive environment also made educational institutions compete. Due to the importance of educational institutions that play a fundamental role in society's development, it is necessary to select competent human resources in these institutions. The current research aims to investigate the effect of human resources competencies on the educational marketing approach in the Organizational excellence model and to present the Organizational excellence model based on competence in educational institutions. The current research is operational in terms of purpose and descriptive in correlation type. Its statistical community consists of experts and specialists in the specialized education field in the water and electricity industry of Iran in the technical education institute of the water and electricity industry number of 60 people; from this population, a sample of 50 people was chosen. The collected data, a questionnaire derived from the criteria and sub-criteria of the EFQM 2020 standard model, was used, whose reliability was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha formula. The construct questionnaire validity was also selected by confirmatory factor analysis. Smart-PLS statistical software used the partial least squares method to analyze the obtained data and statistical confirmation of the model and its validation. The path coefficients' results indicate a significant relationship between the variables of human resource competence and organizational excellence. Also, the fit indices of the model suggest that the presented model has suitable fitness. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        789 - Designing a comprehensive human capital management model with an entrepreneurial approach (Study case: National Oil Products Distribution Company)
        shadmehr zohdi Hassan Amiri Koroush Parsa Moein
        The research aims to design the data model of the human capital management foundation with an entrepreneurial approach. It is a mixed, exploratory and applied research. The community of the qualitative sector, academic experts and experts in the oil products distributio More
        The research aims to design the data model of the human capital management foundation with an entrepreneurial approach. It is a mixed, exploratory and applied research. The community of the qualitative sector, academic experts and experts in the oil products distribution industry, was a sample of 20 experts with a definite snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews. The population of the quantitative part was 335 employees of the oil products distribution company of Qazvin province, by sampling the limited population of cochran in an accessible manner and implemented with the tool of a researcher-made questionnaire of human capital management with an entrepreneurial approach. The validity and reliability of the instrument was favorable. Open coding was used to analyze the texts in order to develop the indicators of human capital management with an entrepreneurial approach in the qualitative section. Quantitative statistical analysis methods were exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Structural equation modeling includes two factors and individual and organizational consequences. The findings indicate that organizational factors are more effective than individual factors in the entrepreneurial approach. Also, the results showed that among the components of organizational factors, organizational justice, training, competitive advantage are in order, and among the consequences of the entrepreneurial approach, organizational productivity, innovation achieve the most results in the organization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        790 - The effect of human resources competencies on organizational commitment and employee empowerment in government organizations
        toghyan baghery rasoul ranjbarian
        purpose: The aim of the current research is to determine the effect of human resources competencies on organizational commitment and employee empowerment in government organizations of Shahindej city. Method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descr More
        purpose: The aim of the current research is to determine the effect of human resources competencies on organizational commitment and employee empowerment in government organizations of Shahindej city. Method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research includes all employees of government organizations in Shahindej city, which is 599 people. The sampling method in this research is proportional stratified random according to government organizations and 235 people were determined using Cochran's formula. The data collection tool in this research is a standard questionnaire. In order to investigate and explain the research hypotheses, Allen and Mayer's organizational commitment questionnaire (1992), Spritzer's employee empowerment questionnaire (1995) and Wau et al.'s (2015) employee competence were used. To analyze data from descriptive statistics and inferential statistics according to the level of data measurement and from spss and pls smart software to calculate Cronbach's alpha, mean and frequency table, to calculate confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis and estimate the relationships between the hidden variables of the problem and fitness model was used.Findings: The research results showed that all research hypotheses are confirmed. Based on this, human resource competencies have a significant effect on the dimensions of organizational commitment and the dimensions of employee empowerment in the government.Results: The results of the research indicate that competent employees have high organizational commitment and have a high ability to perform their duties, and as a result, organizational goals are achieved. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        791 - Analyzing the impact of management ability on firm value in response to competitive market threats
        Seyed Hesam Vagfi Azam Rajabi Jirandeh Zeynab Nourbakhsh Hosseiny
        10.30495/msds.2021.1938936.1010
        The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of management ability on firm behavior in response to competitive market threats. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2009 and 2017. I More
        The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of management ability on firm behavior in response to competitive market threats. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2009 and 2017. In this study, the ability to manage the independent variable and the company behavior of the dependent variable was considered. The present study is in the category of applied research. If the classification of types of research based on nature and method is considered, the present research method is in the category of research. It is descriptive and in terms of method is in the category of correlational research. In this study, a library method was used to collect data and information. In the data section, the research was done by collecting data from sample companies by referring to financial statements, explanatory notes and the stock exchange monthly. Based on the systematic elimination method, 133 companies were selected as a statistical sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to describe and summarize the collected data. In order to analyze the data, first the variance heterogeneity pre-tests, F-Limer test, Hausman test and Jark-Bra test were used and, then multivariate regression test was used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (EVIEWS Software). The results showed that the ability of managers affects the company value; in addition, competitive threats affect the relationship between managers' ability and investment in research and development costs and company value; The results obtained in this research are consistent with the documents mentioned in the theoretical framework of research and financial literature. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        792 - Identify the Role of Virtual Production and New Technology on Organizational Agility and Profitability in Competitive Markets
        Manizheh Mollaei sara sadat banihashemi
        10.30495/msds.2022.1949614.1031
        Due to changes such as the complexity of competitive markets, new technologies, diversification of consumer needs, reducing the product life cycle and increasing the product diversity of organizations, and maintaining survival in the field of competition, companies must More
        Due to changes such as the complexity of competitive markets, new technologies, diversification of consumer needs, reducing the product life cycle and increasing the product diversity of organizations, and maintaining survival in the field of competition, companies must look for effective methods. The virtual production system, as one of the well-known management methods, helps to achieve agile production and survival in a turbulent environment. The main purpose of this study is to identify agility factors in manufacturing organizations and then to investigate the effects of virtual production strategy on agility capabilities. The present study is a descriptive correlational study. The method of collecting data related to research literature is the library method including various books and articles and domestic and foreign publications and the questionnaire method has been used to collect the data required in this research to test the hypotheses. The statistical population of this study is the employees of Ahangari Novin Company located in Tehran Industrial City, which includes 80 line workers, 20 people working in the financial, administrative, and office sectors, and 30 people working in the undergraduate and management sectors. Due to the specific number of members of the community, Cochran's formula has been used to determine the sample size. The sample size for a population of 130 is 97 people. The inferential statistical methods used in the present study are normality test and regression analysis. The results show that a high level of virtual production is effective in increasing agility. Therefore, it can be said that paying attention to virtual production leads to improving the level of agility and thus increasing the profitability of manufacturing companies in today's competitive environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        793 - Identification and Ranking of Factors Affecting the Growth and Development of the Market Share of Refah Kargaran Bank
        Abd Reza Amiri Mohammad Haghighi Ali Pirzad Abdolkhalegh Gholimi Chenarestan Oulia
        10.30495/msds.2023.1996550.1163
        This research has been done to identify and rank factors affecting the growth and development of the market share of Refah Kargaran Bank. The current research is a mixed type of research in terms of its applied-developmental goal and terms of its implementation. The sta More
        This research has been done to identify and rank factors affecting the growth and development of the market share of Refah Kargaran Bank. The current research is a mixed type of research in terms of its applied-developmental goal and terms of its implementation. The statistical population in the qualitative part of this research includes 50 managers of Refah Kargaran Bank branches in Fars and Bushehr provinces. A statistical sample consisting of 25 branch managers was selected using the snowball method. The statistical population in the quantitative section includes 600 middle-level employees and managers of Fars and Bushehr Refah Kargaran Bank, among whom 234 people were selected as a sample by simple random method. To analyze quantitative data in this research, descriptive and inferential statistics have been used. The findings of the theme analysis using the TOPSIS model showed that the use of customer relationship management policies (needs assessment, responsiveness, satisfaction, and loyalty) with a coefficient of 0.842 had the greatest impact on increasing the market share of Refah Bank, and the support and facilitation services of Refah Bank. Workers with a proximity coefficient of 0.444 are in the last place. The path analysis findings showed that the variables of attracting customers with a rate of 0.504 and electronic banking with a rate of 0.449 had the greatest impact on the development of the market share of Refah Kargaran Bank. According to the investigations carried out about the planning process to increase the productivity of the Refah Kargaran Bank in a competitive environment, weaknesses and threats have the highest coefficients of 9.41 and 8.36, and strengths and opportunities have the lowest coefficients of 7.13 and 6.54. Strategies have been presented in this regard. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        794 - Professional Competence Model of School Administrators as an Effective and Key Driver of Sustainable Development
        Mohammad Reza Rasouli Ghafar Tari Hossain Baghaei
        The purpose of this research was to present the model of professional competence of school administrators as an effective and key driver of sustainable development. This research is qualitative and to present the professional competence model of school principals as an More
        The purpose of this research was to present the model of professional competence of school administrators as an effective and key driver of sustainable development. This research is qualitative and to present the professional competence model of school principals as an effective and key driver of sustainable development, the data theory strategy of the Strauss and Corbin Foundation was used. In this research, the interviewees were selected from experts and professors in the field of education in Tehran. Using the theoretical sampling method, 20 experts and professors in the field of education in Tehran were interviewed. To determine the reliability of the interview forms, the within-subject agreement method of two coders (evaluators) was used, and the agreement coefficient was calculated as 0.84. For data analysis, foundation data methods and open, central, and selective coding were used, and the interviews were analyzed in the MAXQDA 18 software environment. The findings of the research showed that based on the presentation of the professional competence model of school principals as an effective and key driver of sustainable development, including the enablers of skill competence, managerial competence, and professional ethics and behavior competencies, the development of managers, the social indicators of managers, the establishment of working groups to improve performance and Green competency, attitudinal competencies, knowledge competencies, educational competency, knowledge-skill and technology commercialization competencies, productive spirit, consumption pattern modification, participation in development and moving towards national authority, which leads to the realization of the results of productive spirit, consumption pattern modification, They participate in development. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        795 - Developing two 4-parameter and 5-parameter exponential smoothing methods with multiplicative trend for demand forecasting
        Sobhan Davarpanah Reza Yousefi Zenouz Amir-Reza Abtahi
        10.30495/jiei.2021.1922678.1096
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        796 - A novel hybrid meta-heuristic technique applied to the well-known benchmark optimization problems
        Amir-Reza Abtahi Afsane Bijari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        797 - Monitoring the censored lognormal reliability data in a three-stage process using AFT model
        Azam Goodarzi Amirhossein Amiri Shervin Asadzadeh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        798 - Exact algorithms for solving a bi-level location–allocation problem considering customer preferences
        Ehsan Mirzaei Mahdi Bashiri Hossein Shams Shemirani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        799 - Developing a new stochastic competitive model regarding inventory and price
        Reza Rashid Ali Bozorgi-Amiri S. M . Seyedhoseini
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        800 - Solving the competitive facility location problem considering the reactions of competitor with a hybrid algorithm including Tabu Search and exact method
        Jafar Bagherinejad Azar Niknam
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        801 - A firefly algorithm for solving competitive location-design problem: a case study
        Seyed Jafar Sadjadi Milad Gorji Ashtiani Reza Ramezanian Ahmad Makui
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        802 - Incentive mechanism based on cooperative advertising for cost information sharing in a supply chain with competing retailers
        Mostafa Setak Hajar Kafshian Ahar Saeed Alaei
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        803 - Seismic Vulnerability Evaluation of Pipe Rack Supporting Structures in A Petrochemical Complex
        Mohammad Karimi Naghdali Hosseinzadeh Farshid Hosseini Navid Kazem Hamid Kazem
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        804 - Qualitative and Quantitative Seismic Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures in Petrochemical Plant
        Fariborz Nateghi-A Ali Rezaei-T
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        805 - Investigating the competencies of librarians In Academic libraries (Case study: Tehran State Universities)
        fatemeh zandian fatemeh Naseri atefeh sharif HamidReza Mahmoodi
        Objective: In the library, which is a service organization, librarians have a special place. The present study was conducted to investigate the qualifications of university library librarians. Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey research. Data were collect More
        Objective: In the library, which is a service organization, librarians have a special place. The present study was conducted to investigate the qualifications of university library librarians. Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey research. Data were collected by a questionnaire. Librarians of academic libraries of state universities in Tehran formed the statistical population of this study. For sampling, sequential integrated sampling method was used and 60 questionnaires were distributed among the librarians. Descriptive statistics (mean and frequency) were used to answer the questions. SPSS software was used for descriptive analysis of data. Results: Results showed that managerial competencies with an average (3.4) are moderate, information retrieval competencies with an average of (4.16) in good level. Information technology competencies with an average (3.02) in average condition, research competencies with average (1.17) in very bad level, communication competencies with average (3.87) in average level, and individual and moral competencies with average (3.48) in mediocre are placed. Conclusion: In general, it can be argued that librarians' qualifications are in the average position with an average of 3.18. There is a need for officials and trustees to upgrade and improve the qualifications of librarians by holding various courses. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        806 - Investigating the effective factors on the application of internet marketing dimensions from the point of view of managers and employees of Ramek Dairy Products Company
        Mohammad Bahrami Marzieh Yari Zanganeh
        Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the application of Internet marketing dimensions from the perspective of managers and employees in Ramek Dairy Products Company. &nbsp;&nbsp; Method: The current research is applied More
        Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the application of Internet marketing dimensions from the perspective of managers and employees in Ramek Dairy Products Company. &nbsp;&nbsp; Method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research is all the managers and administrative employees of Ramek company, there are 442 people, among them, a sample of 206 people was selected using Cochran's formula. Shaltoni (2017) questionnaire including seven dimensions (comparative advantage, complexity, adaptability, innovativeness, competitor pressure, customer pressure of Internet marketing application) and 19 Likert scale items were used to collect data. The results of Cronbach's alpha test, 0.74, indicate the acceptable reliability of the tool. Data analysis and research hypotheses were done with one-sample t-test, one-way variance and Pearson correlation and SPSS software. Findings: The findings of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between all factors using internet marketing from the point of view of managers and employees, the highest correlation is related to the adaptability dimension (0.865) and the lowest is related to the innovativeness dimension (0.653) and the hypotheses of the research was confirmed. Also, the findings showed that there is no difference in the willingness to use internet marketing between men and women. The relative advantage variable is affected by age and the complexity variable is dependent on age, education and work experience. Conclusion: The results obtained from this research showed that the benefits of using internet marketing dimensions can be a strategy to maintain competitive advantage and maintain relationships with customers and finally find new customers and satisfy them in Ramek Company. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        807 - Evaluation of Organizational Intelligence of Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology
        nadjla hariri Fatemeh Taromy
        Puropse: The purpose of this study is to assess the organizational intelligence of Iran Research Institute for Information Science &amp; Technology. Methodology: The research method is analytical survey, and the population consisted of 150 employee of Iran Research Ins More
        Puropse: The purpose of this study is to assess the organizational intelligence of Iran Research Institute for Information Science &amp; Technology. Methodology: The research method is analytical survey, and the population consisted of 150 employee of Iran Research Institute for Information Science &amp; Technology. A questionnaire used based on Karl Albrecht&rsquo;s Seven Skills. Karl Albrecht presents a model for organizational intelligence that has seven dimensions: strategic vision, shared faith, appetite to change, sprit, alignment and congruence, knowledge deployment and performance pressure. Findings: According to the results, the organizational intelligence mean (3.2) is higher than average. The highest and lowest obtained means relate to knowledge application and change indexes 3.76 and 2.66 respectively. Conclusion: Although the organizational intelligence in Iran Research Institute for Information Science &amp; Technology is higher than average, it still needs augmentation by taking all dimensions of Organizational intelligence into consideration. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        808 - Citation analysis of articles published in the Research in Science and Petroleum Engineering Quarterly during 2001- 2007
        neshaneh Pakdaman fahimeh alavi
        Purpose: This research aims to analyze citations of articles published in the Research in Science and Petroleum Engineering Quarterly during 2001- 2007. Methodology: In this research we generally analyzed 115 articles published in 17 volumes. Findings: The research sh More
        Purpose: This research aims to analyze citations of articles published in the Research in Science and Petroleum Engineering Quarterly during 2001- 2007. Methodology: In this research we generally analyzed 115 articles published in 17 volumes. Findings: The research shows that the most number of citations is related to journals. They form 491 cases which is equal to 42.5% of the whole citations. 95.9% of these citations are concerned to Latin journals and 4.1% of them are related to Persian ones. Books with 453 cases and 37.5% of the whole citations are categorized at second rank. From the whole numbers of the citations to the books, 91.7% is allotted to Latin books and 8.3% is allocated to the Persian ones. Citation to reports, standards, patents and conferences with 14.7% is at third rank; in addition, citation to dissertations and projects with 4.4% and electronic sources with 0.8% are at the following ranks. It also became clear that in average, 4 titles of Latin journals, 3 titles of Latin books and 1 title of Latin reports, standards and patents are used in each article. Moreover, the number of using Latin electronic resources, dissertations and projects is less than one resource per article. The number of the core journals is 18. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        809 - Analytical evaluation of Iran's national architecture competitions and explanation of its effective components in promoting the country's contemporary architecture
        Seyyed mohammad Soghrati Heydar Jahan bakhsh Hossein Safari
        This research was carried out in a situation where attention to the concept of quality and returning to one&#039;s identity is the focus of attention of the country&#039;s officials. Examining the process of holding Iran&#039;s national architectural competitions as a p More
        This research was carried out in a situation where attention to the concept of quality and returning to one&#039;s identity is the focus of attention of the country&#039;s officials. Examining the process of holding Iran&#039;s national architectural competitions as a platform for expressing intellectual tendencies and comparing the language of contemporary architectural elites can play a significant role in identifying the cities and contemporary architecture of the country. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the effective components of Iran&#039;s national architecture competitions in promoting the country&#039;s contemporary architecture in the 1390s. And it is in the applied qualitative-quantitative research group, which collects first qualitative data and then quantitative data with the help of an exploratory design with a mixed method. Its data was obtained through in-depth interviews with 30 experts and experts and after reaching theoretical saturation, the qualitative data collection process was completed. The quantitative part of the current research was conducted in the form of a survey according to the obtained indicators, and then a preliminary questionnaire was designed. After collecting the questionnaires, the answers were analyzed in two parts, descriptive and inferential. Structural equation modeling was done using Amos Graphic software for the inferential analysis of the research, and the most important factors were obtained from second-order confirmatory factor analysis. In this research, the components involved in holding Iran&#039;s national architecture competitions, which can be effective in the growth and promotion of the country&#039;s contemporary architecture, were identified and explained. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        810 - Study of the vegetative structure of Agrimonia eupatoria L. in the in vivo and in vitro plants
        Parisa Saffari Ahmad Majd parissa jonoubi Farzaneh Najafi
        10.30495/jdb.2021.680723
        The study of vegetative structures of plants is effective in the development of biology and is one of the research methods in the field of taxonomy. Agrimonia eupatoria L. is a valuable medicinal plant of the Rosaceae. Due to weak germination and time-consuming growth i More
        The study of vegetative structures of plants is effective in the development of biology and is one of the research methods in the field of taxonomy. Agrimonia eupatoria L. is a valuable medicinal plant of the Rosaceae. Due to weak germination and time-consuming growth in the natural habitat, tissue culture is a good method to accelerate the propagation of this plant. In the present study, the anatomical structure of vegetative organs in the in vivo plants was compared with the in vitro plants. Roots, stems, leaves, and petioles of plants in both groups were sampled and fixed in alcohol-glycerine and manual cutting was performed. The samples were stained with Carmen/Methylene blue. The results showed that the general structures in both samples are similar but in the regenerated plants, the density of protective tissues was lower than the in vivo plants (number of layers of collenchyma tissue was less and there was no sclerenchyma). Vascular bundles in the stem, leaves, and petiole of both groups were seen as bicollateral. The number of palisade parenchyma layers and spongy parenchyma layers in the leaves of both groups was similar. The macle crystal structures were observed in the parenchyma of stem and petiole in both groups, but its number was lower in regenerated plants. On the stem and leaves of this plant, there were numerous trichomes that the numbers of trichomes in the regenerated plants were less than natural plants. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        811 - Quality and quantity Comparison of clustered Sa oregano essence(Nepeta racemose ) at different stages of growth
        fateme zandi toghan giti barzin ali mazooji
        Clustered Oregano Sai with the scientific name, Nepeta racemosa L. from Spearmint family, is a plant like a grass, and one of the most important medicinal plants in the world and our country that has significant amounts of secondary metabolites and is especially essence More
        Clustered Oregano Sai with the scientific name, Nepeta racemosa L. from Spearmint family, is a plant like a grass, and one of the most important medicinal plants in the world and our country that has significant amounts of secondary metabolites and is especially essence. Useful material of this plant, is using in the medicine field and pharmaceutical industry and cosmetics and hygienic field.(khalad Barin and Islam zade, 1380). The purpose of this study is to analyze and study the essence oil of clustered Sai Oregano plant at different growth stages. clustered Sa oregano essence plant (Napata racemosa) from mid-July to early of August 1393 during phase before flowering, After flowering and fruiting phase in Haraz Road area after the Holy Hashem ( imam zade) Plur three ways toward Lar, is collected After identification. After collecting and drying, essence oils of samples are taken by using distillation and Clevenger apparatus. Clustered Sa oregano essence, monoterpene component has highest percentage of plant clustered Sa oregano essence, in all 5 stages. In the meantime, the two combined composition of Nptalactones and 1,8-cineole were higher than the other compounds. In many of the studies on the chemical composition of essences that are exist in the resources; Monoterpenes compounds constitute the most of their component (33). And in some of them Npta monoterpene lactones and 1,8-cineole are main ingredients of essence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        812 - َMicrogametophyte development in Leucantemum vulgare L.
        zahra baghaeifar
        In this research, developmental stages of microsporogenesis and pollen grains development of leucantemum vulgare for Asteraceae family were studied. The flowers and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in FAA70%, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in More
        In this research, developmental stages of microsporogenesis and pollen grains development of leucantemum vulgare for Asteraceae family were studied. The flowers and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in FAA70%, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and then sliced at 7 &micro;m by microtome. Staining was carried out with Eosin and contrasted with Hematoxylin. The prepared slides were studied using light microscope. The result indicated that the formation and development of stamen primordum sooner than development of the pistil is done. The anthers were tetra-sporangiate. Pollen tetrads were tetragonal and tetrahedral (tetrahedral is more than tetragonal). Cytokinesis was synchronous. The mature pollen grains are spherical.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        813 - بحران سوریه: تجزیه و تحلیل راهبردهای سیاسی و امنیتی کنشگران درگیر
        احسان تقی زاده سالاری
        در یکی از خونبارترین تحولات خاورمیانه، از سال 2011 بحرانی سخت سوریه و منطقه را درگیر خود نموده است. در این میان هر کدام از بازیگران منطقه‌ای و یا قدرت‌های فرامنطقه‌‌ای به فراخور وزن و جایگاه و همچنین به تناسب منافع و ملاحظات خود در این بحران مداخله، نقش‌آفرینی و یا حداق More
        در یکی از خونبارترین تحولات خاورمیانه، از سال 2011 بحرانی سخت سوریه و منطقه را درگیر خود نموده است. در این میان هر کدام از بازیگران منطقه‌ای و یا قدرت‌های فرامنطقه‌‌ای به فراخور وزن و جایگاه و همچنین به تناسب منافع و ملاحظات خود در این بحران مداخله، نقش‌آفرینی و یا حداقل اعلام موضع نموده‌اند. این مقاله درصدد است تا با بررسی راهبرد سیاسی امنیتی کنشگران منطقه ای و فرامنطقه ای در قبال بحران سوریه دلایل و عوامل موثر بر این سیاستها را شناسایی نموده و راهبردها و تاکتیک‌های اتخاذ شده توسط این بازیگران را مطالعه نماید. برای بررسی این موضوع سه نظریه سازه انگاری، مکتب کپنهاگ و رئالیسم تدافعی به عنوان چارچوب نظری مورد توجه قرار گرفته و برای آزمون فرضیه از روش تبیینی- تحلیلی بهره برده و با استفاده از ابزار فیش برداری، اسناد و منابع کتابخانه‌ای و اینترنتی و مکتوبات موجود این فرضیه به اثبات رسیده که با توجه به وجود سه نوع از منافع اعم از موازی، متقابل و متداخل، الگوی رفتاری بازیگران دخیل در بحران سوریه، نشان دهنده سه سطح همکاری، رقابت و تقابل در صحنه سیاسی و میدانی سوریه است و هر یک از طرفهای درگیر می کوشند تا با فزون سازی قدرت و نفوذ خود ضمن حفظ و ارتقاء منافع ملی خود و کنترل و تحدید نفوذ و حضور طرف مقابل، دست برتر را داشته باشد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        814 - Hows and Whys of Reuter’s Agreement: From Contraction to Cancellation
        Abbasali Rahbar Hassan Sadeghian-e Kumar Olia Farzad Nemati
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        815 - Iran's Regional Role and Russia-US Rivalry in West Asia
        Ali Eskandari Jahangir Karami
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        816 - Syrian Crisis: An Analysis of Political and Security Strategies of Involved Actors
        Ehsan Taghizadeh Salari Mehdi Zakerian Amiri Davood Hermidas Bavand Kayhan Barzegar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        817 - The Role of Space in Cooperation and Competition Between Great Powers
        Maryam Dorri Vernosfaderani Ardeshir Sanaie Alireza Soltani Kabak Khabiri
        Space has increasingly shaped the discourse of international relations in the 21st century. Space has always been an attractive area for cooperation and competition between governments and especially great powers. Space is a relatively new and developing scene in the in More
        Space has increasingly shaped the discourse of international relations in the 21st century. Space has always been an attractive area for cooperation and competition between governments and especially great powers. Space is a relatively new and developing scene in the international system. The launch of Sputnik not only created the space race, but also accelerated the arms race and intensified the Cold War between the two rival superpowers. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union dominated space activities. At the same time as the competition that has formed in space, there are sometimes collaborations, the International Space Station is one of the projects that brings together space countries and is seen as a symbol of cooperation between governments in space. However, there is still a sense of competition for supremacy in space even in the presence of such cooperation among all governments, whether those who are superior in terms of space technology or those who have less technological ability. The main question in this article is what role does space play in cooperation and competition between great powers? The hypothesis is that the great powers were always competing and seeking superiority in space from the beginning, and based on the theory of neo-realism, they cooperate with each other in space only to secure their interests and protect their space assets. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        818 - Identifying and prioritizing factors affecting visionary leadership style
        elham berenji alireza ghasemizad pari mashayekh hamidreza motamed
        Since a specific model for identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting visionary leadership style in petrochemical industry managers has not been developed yet, in this research, an attempt is made to provide a model to identify factors affecting the visionary le More
        Since a specific model for identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting visionary leadership style in petrochemical industry managers has not been developed yet, in this research, an attempt is made to provide a model to identify factors affecting the visionary leadership of petrochemical managers. The statistical population of this research was sources related to managers, especially petrochemical managers. The reliability of the results was estimated to be 0.95 using the Holstein method. In this article, the themes and patterns of managers have been compiled using thematic analysis. The theme analysis process was done manually and also using Nvivo software. The results of the research showed that the factors affecting visionary leadership can be summarized in two themes strategic leadership and capability-building. The theme of strategic leadership itself has an organizing theme and seven basic themes collective progress (team orientation, nurturing others and setting the stage), charismatic (self-management and credibility), and strategic thinking (active strategy and visionary). The enabling theme also has two organizing themes and four basic themes, result-oriented, resource optimizer, intra-functional knowledge and extra-functional knowledge. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        819 - Determining and Prioritizing the Factors Affecting Visionary Leadership and Model Validation Based on the Lived Experiences of Petrochemical Managers
        الهام برنجی علیرضا قاسمی زاد پری مشایخ حمیدرضا معتمد
        This study aimed to determine and prioritize the factors affecting visionary leadership and model validation based on the Marun and Amirkabir petrochemical complex managers' experiences. The study's statistical population consisted of managers and senior petrochemical e More
        This study aimed to determine and prioritize the factors affecting visionary leadership and model validation based on the Marun and Amirkabir petrochemical complex managers' experiences. The study's statistical population consisted of managers and senior petrochemical experts, of which 200 were selected as a sample group. The research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of faculty members and management experts, and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the degree of reliability. The results of exploratory factor analysis ultimately lead to the identification of factors affecting visionary leadership based on the managers&rsquo; lived experiences of the Marun and Amirkabir petrochemical complex in the form of a conceptual model of visionary leadership style. The model includes production challenges, inflexibility, technical and political management, authoritarianism, employees&rsquo; personality differences, input and output of the organization, lack of intra-organizational integration, human relations management, vision presentation, supervision, and management of human resources. The confirmatory factor analysis of the visionary leadership model showed that the visionary leadership style model and the affecting factors in Marun and Amirkabir petrochemical complex could be fitted and applied. It was indicated that these data are reliable, and the obtained model has sufficient validity. The ranking results also showed that the most influential factors on visionary leadership are human resource management, authoritarianism, and lack of integration. Other factors are in the following ranks of importance, including supervision, human relations management, production challenges, technical and political management, employees&rsquo; personality differences, the entry and exit factors of production, inflexibility, and vision presentation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        820 - Designing a qualitative model for Succession development in the in Cultural Organizations in Iran
        Reiyhane Siri Alireza Samet Abbasali Ghayoumi Babak Rezaei
        The aim of this study was to design a qualitative model for Succession development in the in Cultural Organizations in Iran. The statistical sample in the qualitative section included all university experts and experts in the field of cultural identity, which was equal More
        The aim of this study was to design a qualitative model for Succession development in the in Cultural Organizations in Iran. The statistical sample in the qualitative section included all university experts and experts in the field of cultural identity, which was equal to 18 people. The research instrument consisted of researcher-made coding sheets whose validity was confirmed by Delphi group members and its reliability was calculated by P-Scott criterion of 0.95. Findings showed that the factors related to the Succession development in the in Cultural Organizations in Iran were identified in the form of 41 categories and 621 concept codes. And pivotal: Succession (5 categories), Organizational culture enhancement (8 categories), Cultural Organization (6 categories), Managers Competencies enhancement (4 categories) ), empowerment of Staff (6 categories) and Cultural Management Evolution (12 categories). In general, it can be concluded that using the findings of the study, it is possible to formulate comprehensive and diverse programs of Succession development in the in Cultural Organizations in Iran in "macro", "medium" and "operational" strategies to Succession development in the in Cultural Organizations in Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        821 - the effect of short time skill training on the behavioral Competencies of kindergarten teachers in Minoudasht
        mehdi jafaryan
        This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of short time skill training on the behavioral Competencies of kindergarten teachers in Minoudasht. The research method used in this study is descriptive and correlational in terms of its applied purpose, qu More
        This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of short time skill training on the behavioral Competencies of kindergarten teachers in Minoudasht. The research method used in this study is descriptive and correlational in terms of its applied purpose, quantitative in terms of data type, and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research includes all kindergarten teachers who participated in short time skill training courses in Minoudasht in 2022, and the number of trained teachers was about 132 people. Due to the limited statistical population, the entire population was used for the sample size, and then using a researcher-made questionnaire in three dimensions and 21 items based on a five-point Likert scale, and extracted items were questioned. In the descriptive statistics section, the description of the data is presented in two sections, background variables and main variables, and in the inferential statistics section, non-parametric Pearson correlation test, T test and regression were used to check the hypotheses. According to the research data, it can be said that short time skill training (perceptual skills, human skills and technical skills) has a positive and significant effect on the behavioral Competencies of kindergarten teachers in Minoudasht Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        822 - -
        سیدمحمد موسوی محمد حسین پور یداله مهر علیزاده
        Faculty members, as one of the most important human resources of any university, have an important role in the field of entrepreneurship and can act more effectively in playing this role when they have the necessary competencies for it. The purpose of this article is to More
        Faculty members, as one of the most important human resources of any university, have an important role in the field of entrepreneurship and can act more effectively in playing this role when they have the necessary competencies for it. The purpose of this article is to provide a model of competency of faculty members with an entrepreneurial approach and using the three-pronged and six-sigma model. The research method in this study is mixed according to the research propositions and in terms of the type of application and the way of data collection; It has been descriptive and survey. This research has two exploratory sections including; Identifying the pattern of professional competencies as well as extracting the most important components affecting it and providing a conceptual framework. The effective components of the professional competencies of the faculty members were collected and analyzed by Delphi method and from the professional point of view of 10 specialists in the field of educational sciences; Then, in the quantitative part, the obtained model was fitted on the studied faculty members by structural equation modeling. The results of the research showed that the competencies of faculty members can be classified into six dimensions: educational, research, organizational, ethical, personal and professional competencies and 44 sub-competencies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        823 - Factor Analysis of Effective Factors in Creating a Competency Model for Principals for Entrepreneurial Schools
        Marzieh Jamei Yadaleh Mehr Alizadeh Nasrollah Qashqaeizadeh
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the effective factors in creating a competency model for principals for entrepreneurial schools. Its statistical population included school principals. The sample size was selected with Sample power 320 software. From the methodo More
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the effective factors in creating a competency model for principals for entrepreneurial schools. Its statistical population included school principals. The sample size was selected with Sample power 320 software. From the methodological point of view, the method used is quantitative, which has been done using two approaches of factor analysis. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed and validated by the researcher based on the collective opinion of experts in the field and was selected. To obtain the validity of this questionnaire, in addition to content validity, the validity of the structure was obtained using the first stage confirmatory factor analysis. To determine the reliability of different sections, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which was 0.86, which indicates the appropriateness of the research tool. SPSS23 and Smart PLS 2 software were used for statistical analysis of data. In order to identify the effective factors in creating a competency model for principals for entrepreneurial schools, type R factor analysis was used. The research results indicate that the fitted model of the research includes 13 components and factors (mission, vision, values, goals, communication network, organizational culture, personality traits, technical skills, human skills, perceptual skills, specialized competencies, Behavioral competencies (performance management) are effective in creating a model of principal competence for entrepreneurial schools. Also, the overall GOF index of the model fit was 0.534. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        824 - -
        سیدمحمد موسوی محمد حسین پور یداله مهر علیزاده
        Faculty members, as one of the most important human resources of any university, have an important role in the field of entrepreneurship and can act more effectively in playing this role when they have the necessary competencies for it. The purpose of this article is to More
        Faculty members, as one of the most important human resources of any university, have an important role in the field of entrepreneurship and can act more effectively in playing this role when they have the necessary competencies for it. The purpose of this article is to provide a model of competency of faculty members with an entrepreneurial approach and using the three-pronged and six-sigma model. The research method in this study is mixed according to the research propositions and in terms of the type of application and the way of data collection; It has been descriptive and survey. This research has two exploratory sections including; Identifying the pattern of professional competencies as well as extracting the most important components affecting it and providing a conceptual framework. The effective components of the professional competencies of the faculty members were collected and analyzed by Delphi method and from the professional point of view of 10 specialists in the field of educational sciences; Then, in the quantitative part, the obtained model was fitted on the studied faculty members by structural equation modeling. The results of the research showed that the competencies of faculty members can be classified into six dimensions: educational, research, organizational, ethical, personal and professional competencies and 44 sub-competencies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        825 - Using human resources on the basis of competence with emphasis on the progressive views of Imam Ali (AS (
        Tahereh Hasoumi Soghra Afkaneh Abbas Shakouri Sheldehi Sadaf Akhtari
        Human resources is one of the most invaluable assets and assets that are the pillars of an organization and its development is one of the programs and concerns of any organization; identifying, attracting, employing and benefiting from human resources in all organizatio More
        Human resources is one of the most invaluable assets and assets that are the pillars of an organization and its development is one of the programs and concerns of any organization; identifying, attracting, employing and benefiting from human resources in all organizations is complex. Is the most functional process that managers always strive to achieve with all available capacities; This research aims to understand the use of human resources based on competence, which has been done from the perspective of Imam Ali (AS), is applied and has been mixed with the type of research; The statistical population of this study included 30 education and university experts who were aware of the method, manners and managerial effects of Imam Ali (AS); The researcher-made research tool includes 63 indicators that by performing its validity and validity and through data analysis (T test) and the findings of this study showed that Imam Ali (AS) 's progressive views on the competencies of human resources in two categories of human values And the values of excellence can be an approach in the modern age for all organizations, including education and universities; An approach that highlights the issue of human beings and people more than ever in the local community and organization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        826 - Comparative study of nitrophenol removal from Karoon Petrochemical by electro-fenton and electro-persulfate process
        Aref Shokri
        In this study, the degradation of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous environments was studied by Electro Fenton and Electro Persulphate in electrochemical batch reactor equipped with four iron electrodes and a direct power source. The results showed that the removal of 4-nitrophe More
        In this study, the degradation of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous environments was studied by Electro Fenton and Electro Persulphate in electrochemical batch reactor equipped with four iron electrodes and a direct power source. The results showed that the removal of 4-nitrophenole in Electro-Persulphate and electro Fentone were 99.2% and 94% at optimum operation condition including operational pH at 3, the initial concentration of 4-nitrophenol at 100 mg / l, hydrogen peroxide and persulphate at 0.5 mM, with the density of 0.1 A/dm2&nbsp; and 60 min of reaction. The research results showed that the processes of electro-persulfate and electro-fenton had the same elimination efficiency in acidic media for 4-nitrophenol removal and, in general the combination of electrochemical with persulfate and hydrogen peroxide for electrical production of iron and activation of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide had more ability compared to separate use. The&nbsp; removal percent of COD in real wastewater samples with the initial COD of 5000 mg/l were 82 and 86% in ElectroFenton and Electro-persulfate processes, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        827 - Limitation or Extension of Competition Law from the Point of the View of Imamiah Jurisprudence (Case Study of Lazarar, Yad, Taslit, Jurisprudential Rulest and the institution of Hesbah)
        Adel Ebrahimpoor Asanjan alireza naseri
        Competition is one the important matters in nowadays economics which its effects on countries economy is at high importance. According to Iranian constitution and priority of Islamic rules and jurisprudence to other legal sources in any fields, analysis on compliance or More
        Competition is one the important matters in nowadays economics which its effects on countries economy is at high importance. According to Iranian constitution and priority of Islamic rules and jurisprudence to other legal sources in any fields, analysis on compliance or noncompliance of Islamic rules with competition Acts and regulations is at great importance, since its sequences on country economy has determinative role. Some of Islamic rule such as &ldquo;la zrar&rdquo; seems to be in compliance with competition and others such as &ldquo;yad&rdquo; doesn&rsquo;t have this feature. The other issue should be mentioned in this article is scope of government interference in economy and its analysis according to Islamic rules and jurisprudence based on pros and cons opinions through descriptive-analytical method. It is concluded that the concepts and issues related to competition rights can be seen in the original Islamic resource more frequently than within the framework of laws and regulations of Islamic Republic of Iran Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        828 - Estimating the demand function of production inputs in the petrochemical industry
        Roghayeh Marefati Narciss Amin Rashti were Azadeh Mehrabian Roya Seyfipour
        The aim of the current research is to obtain the demand function of production inputs in the petrochemical industry. In order to test the relationship between the variables, the information of the time period 2015-2018 has been used. The statistical population of this r More
        The aim of the current research is to obtain the demand function of production inputs in the petrochemical industry. In order to test the relationship between the variables, the information of the time period 2015-2018 has been used. The statistical population of this research is the companies that produce petrochemical products. The results of this research showed that the relationship between the share of raw material production factors in the total cost paid to production factors and the relative price of labor, raw materials and raw materials and products is positive and its relationship With the relative price of machines. and energy is negative. The results of substitution elasticities also show that capital with labor, raw materials with labor and capital with energy are alternative inputs, capital with raw materials, raw materials with energy are complementary inputs. In the estimated cross elasticities, see It was found that the price elasticity of raw materials is higher than other inputs in terms of absolute value, in other words, the demand for raw materials is more sensitive to price changes than other inputs. The inputs of capital, labor and energy are in the next ranks in this field. Also, the absolute value of the numerical value of the price elasticities of all inputs is less than one, and therefore it can be said that the demand for all inputs is inelastic. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        829 - The Effect of Competitiveness Index on mobilization of financial resources in Selected Bourses
        mahdi Jafari Abolfazl Shahabadi Vahid omidi,
        The efficiency and performance of the stock market in mobilization of financial resources because of the impact on the amount and quality of investment has great importance in the economy. Although competitiveness is a set of institutions, policies and factors that can More
        The efficiency and performance of the stock market in mobilization of financial resources because of the impact on the amount and quality of investment has great importance in the economy. Although competitiveness is a set of institutions, policies and factors that can create a high return on production factors, including capital by maintaining and deepening in business, industry and the country. Therefore, competitiveness is one of the determinants of the returns of stock companies and, consequently, the mobilization of financial resources in the stock market. For this purpose, the present study examines the effects of competitive components on mobilization of financial resources in members of World Federation of Exchanges with using panel data and Generalized Method of Moments(GMM) data from 2007 to 2019.The results of the research show that innovation-driven factors (INV), efficiency-driven factors (EFF) and basically-based factors (BAS) have a positive and significant effect on investment flow of the stock market financial resources. Also, liquidity of the stock market and real interest rate have a positive and significant effect on investment flow of the stock market financial resources. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        830 - Developing a Model of Ethical Competencies of the Faculty Members of Physical Education Schools with a Combined Design Approach
        محمد رضا مجدالدین علیرضا زارع
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a model of moral competencies of faculty members of physical education schools. The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative More
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a model of moral competencies of faculty members of physical education schools. The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative case study and potential participants included 17 faculty members of physical education schools. The sampling approach was purposeful and the sampling method was key experts. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The research tools of the interview were semi-structured and the content analysis in this section, two comprehensive themes of internal and external moral competence and four themes of organizational factors and environmental factors (internal) and organizational and environmental factors (external) and ninety-eight basic themes about competencies The ethics of the faculty members of the Faculty of Physical Education of Iran was discovered. In the quantitative part, the research method was descriptive-survey and the statistical population studied is all faculty members of the faculties and groups of physical education and sports sciences of the national faculties. According to the latest statistics, there are 38 educational centers with a statistical population of 369, the number of which was calculated based on Cochran's formula of 189 people. The tool used in the quantitative section was a researcher-made scale based on a network of thematic sections. Quantitative analysis was performed by confirmatory factor analysis to determine the validity of the model. The results of the quantitative section using first- and second-order factor analysis showed that the model of moral competence of faculty members of physical education schools has structural validity. Also, environmental and organizational factors (internal and external) have a significant impact on the pattern of moral competence of faculty members of physical education schools. Therefore, due to the necessity of the model of moral competencies of the faculty members of physical education schools in Iran, it is recommended that issues related to environmental and organizational factors (internal and external) be considered by the authorities.&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        831 - Compilation of hosting strategies for World Armies Sports Competitions (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran
        HAMID OMIDI , Farideh Ashraf Ganjouei, Esmaili, Mohammad Reza
        The purpose of this study was to Compilation of hosting strategies for World Armies Sports Competitions (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was qualitative. This research is descriptive and is in the field of strategic studies. The statistical po More
        The purpose of this study was to Compilation of hosting strategies for World Armies Sports Competitions (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was qualitative. This research is descriptive and is in the field of strategic studies. The statistical population of the study included all individuals active in physical training of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and active specialists in physical training of AJA, as well as athletes and coaches who had a history of participating in seismic competitions. The statistical sample was purposefully selected from the community and continued until the theoretical saturation of the interview (12 open interviews). The tools used in this study were interviews and discussions with elites, library studies. To achieve the objectives of the research using the Delphi method, a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of hosting and hosting World Army competitions in Iran was prepared and finalized in three stages with the opinion of experts. The results of this study showed that the strategic position of the country in hosting seismic competitions was in a so or competitive situation. Also, 9 general strategies in the field of seismic hosting in the country were developed by the Strategic Research Council. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        832 - Explaining the factors affecting the quality of hosting international military competitions (SIZM) based on the oral history approach
        Hooman Ordookhani farshad Tojari Zinat Nikaeen
        Considering the increasing importance of international military competitions (SISM) at the global level, the need to improve the quality of hosting in these competitions is felt more and more. This research aims to explain the factors affecting the quality of hosting in More
        Considering the increasing importance of international military competitions (SISM) at the global level, the need to improve the quality of hosting in these competitions is felt more and more. This research aims to explain the factors affecting the quality of hosting international military competitions by using the oral history approach and the descriptive-analytical research method. Based on the findings of the research, the responses of the statistical community of the research were focused on five components, which include security, location and accommodation conditions, socio-cultural conditions, political conditions and finally the opening and closing conditions of the games. Based on the answers of experts; Iran's conditions and performance in order to improve the security of all players and spectators have been evaluated as very favorable. In addition, the opening and closing conditions, as well as the accommodation of the athletes, and all the basic indicators in the location of the temporary residences of the players, were given due attention. However, one of the main restrictions on Iran's hosting conditions in Sizm competitions based on the response of the statistical community is the socio-cultural and political conditions governing the country, which are mentioned in detail at the end of the research. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        833 - Designing an interpretive structural model (ISM) of branding in business (Case of study: Petrochemical Industries of Iran)
        hamed anvaripour Farshid Namamian fakhredin marofinaghdehi Farhad Vafayi
        Today, with the expansion of globalization, increasing competition, the entry of various domestic and foreign companies, diverse products and advances in technology, maintaining customer satisfaction and loyalty has become difficult. One of the characteristics of succes More
        Today, with the expansion of globalization, increasing competition, the entry of various domestic and foreign companies, diverse products and advances in technology, maintaining customer satisfaction and loyalty has become difficult. One of the characteristics of successful companies today is competitiveness. The main purpose of this study is structural-interpretive modeling of brand competitiveness in the petrochemical industry. This research is a qualitative-quantitative exploratory mixed research. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research includes faculty members and experts in the field of industrial management, marketing and branding, professors familiar with the subject of research and managers and deputies with experience in petrochemical companies in the country using 16 snowball sampling method were chosen. In a small part, the statistical population includes personnel (managers, deputies and experts) of the marketing and sales department of the country's petrochemical companies. For sampling, due to the small size of the statistical population and the irreversibility of the questionnaires, the whole number has been used and the whole population has been considered as a sample in a small part (N = 255). The research tool in the qualitative part of the interview is semi-structured and in the quantitative part is a researcher-made questionnaire. For data analysis in the qualitative part, fuzzy Delphi theme and technique analysis has been used and in the quantitative part, ISM technique has been used for data analysis. In the qualitative part of the research, a total of 14 variables were identified as factors affecting the competitiveness of the brand. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        834 - .The role of firm size on the relationship between transaction costs and the competitiveness of auditing firms.
        fatemeh sarraf
        Auditor competition is a very important issue and to understand the nature of competition, it is necessary for auditors' competitive position to be properly measured. Increased competition in the auditing market, on the one hand, the increase of private auditing firms i More
        Auditor competition is a very important issue and to understand the nature of competition, it is necessary for auditors' competitive position to be properly measured. Increased competition in the auditing market, on the one hand, the increase of private auditing firms in this market, and on the other hand, the importance of the issue of fees for the mentioned auditing firms, research on auditing fees is important.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of transaction costs on the competitiveness of auditing firms with a moderating role of firm size. For this purpose, two hypotheses were compiled and data related to 67 member companies of the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2008 and 2018 were examined. The research was an applied research and multivariate regression method and data panel model (year / company) were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that transaction costs have a significant and positive effect on the competitiveness of auditing firms and company size has a moderating role on the relationship between transaction costs and competitiveness of auditing firms. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        835 - The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Financial and Non-Financial Performance; Structural equation modeling approach
        Mohammad Reza Radfar Mansoureh Aligholi
        This research was done with the aim of explaining the effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Financial and Non-Financial Performance. The research method is based on the objective, applied, and in terms of the method of doing the work, descriptive survey. The statisti More
        This research was done with the aim of explaining the effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Financial and Non-Financial Performance. The research method is based on the objective, applied, and in terms of the method of doing the work, descriptive survey. The statistical population of the present study includes employees and managers of small and medium-sized manufacturing businesses in Tehran, and a sample of 277 people was selected using the available sampling method and Cochran formula, and the data collection tool of this research is a questionnaire which validity and reliability have been confirmed. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and the results indicate the positive effect of all dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation including innovation, risk-taking, proactiveness, Competitive aggressiveness and Autonomy on financial performance and non-financial performance. Finally, since the effect of all aspects of Entrepreneurial Orientation on financial and non-financial performance was confirmed, it can be concluded that Entrepreneurial Orientation has an effect on financial and non-financial performance in small and medium-sized manufacturing businesses in Tehran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        836 - Study of Relationship between Environment, Marketing Strategy and Performance in Food Industries
        Seyaed HamidrezaRezaei Nikoo Nader Gharibnavaz
        This study aimed to assess relationship between environment, marketing strategy andperformance at business level in food industries. Thus, the method of this survey is a descriptiveone that follows a practical objective. This research contains 2 main assumptions and 9su More
        This study aimed to assess relationship between environment, marketing strategy andperformance at business level in food industries. Thus, the method of this survey is a descriptiveone that follows a practical objective. This research contains 2 main assumptions and 9subsidiary assumptions. The target subjects of this research are managers, sales supervisors andsales professionals in the food industry. According to Cochran formula the sample size is 384.Questionnaire was used to collect data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used as normality testand Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis wasdone by LISREL software. After analyzing the data, all hypotheses were accepted. According tothe result, attractiveness of the market, competitive position and aggressiveness, defensivenessand differentiation strategies had the most impact on performance Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        837 - توانایی‌ کنش‌های گفتاری و چالش‌های زبان‌آموزان پیشرفته ایرانی: مطالعه ای آمیخته درباره تفاوت های جنسیتی در عملکردهای کنش‌های گفتاری متنوع
        Roohollah Maleki Ali Malmir Rajab Esfandiari
        10.30495/ttlt.2023.705512
        بررسی‌کردن کنش‌های گفتاری و چالش‌های آموزش و یادگیری آن، هسته اصلی تحقیق حاضر را تشکیل داد. به منظور دست‌یابی به اهداف این پژوهش، تعداد 196 زبان آموز پیشرفته و 10 مدرس زبان پیشرفته ایرانی در این مطالعه‌ی تلفیقی و همزمان شرکت کردند. نتایج مطالعه کیفی نشان داد که، در کل، More
        بررسی‌کردن کنش‌های گفتاری و چالش‌های آموزش و یادگیری آن، هسته اصلی تحقیق حاضر را تشکیل داد. به منظور دست‌یابی به اهداف این پژوهش، تعداد 196 زبان آموز پیشرفته و 10 مدرس زبان پیشرفته ایرانی در این مطالعه‌ی تلفیقی و همزمان شرکت کردند. نتایج مطالعه کیفی نشان داد که، در کل، سطح فعلی دانش کنش‌های گفتاری زبان‌آموزان پیشرفته ایرانی رضایت‌کننده نیست. درواقع، زبان‌آموزان پیشرفته ایرانی در زمینه فعالیت‌های کنش‌های گفتاری دریافتی، تولیدی-بدون تعاملی و سپس زبانی-گفتارشناسی، تسلط بیشتری نسبت به فعالیت‌های گفتارشناسی زبانی-اجتماعی دارند. به‌علاوه، در این تحقیق فاکتور جنسیت بی‌تاثیر یافت شد. همچنین، یافته‌های بخش کیفی، پنج چالش مهم در امر آموزش و یادگیری کنش‌های گفتاری را شناسایی کرد: مطلب درسی نامناسب، سنجش و اندازه گیری گفتارشناسی نادرست، معلمان ضعیف از منظر گفتارشناسی، بافت آموزشی نامناسب، و زمان و تلاش ناکافی. درنهایت، نتایج بخش کیفی و کمی این تحقیق، مورد بحث قرار گرفته و همدیگر را تصدیق و تکمیل نمودند. با توجه به این نتایج، تحقیق حاضر برای مدرسان زبان، ناظران آموزشی، مدیران مؤسسات زبان، تهیه کنندگان مطالب درسی، و طراحان برنامه ریزی درسی، کاربردهایی آموزشی ارائه می دهد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        838 - سنجش تشخیصی توانش تعاملی در ازمون های صحبت کردن دو به دو: بررسی دفت ارزیابی زبان اموزان ایرانی
        Masoome Azmoode Sis Abad Gholamreza Kiany Gholam-Reza Abbasian
        10.30495/ttlt.2022.1953892.2087
        سنجش توانش تعاملی، به عنوان یک ساختار چند جانبه چالش های زیادی را برای معلمان و مدیران ایجاد می کند. این تحقیق مختلط بر اساس سنجش تشخیصی از طریق مشارک ذینفعان سنجش سعی در فراهم کردن اطلاعاتی در مورد نقاط ضعف و قوت زبان آموزان درزیر مهارت های توانش تعاملی زبان آموزان دار More
        سنجش توانش تعاملی، به عنوان یک ساختار چند جانبه چالش های زیادی را برای معلمان و مدیران ایجاد می کند. این تحقیق مختلط بر اساس سنجش تشخیصی از طریق مشارک ذینفعان سنجش سعی در فراهم کردن اطلاعاتی در مورد نقاط ضعف و قوت زبان آموزان درزیر مهارت های توانش تعاملی زبان آموزان دارد.این تحقیق ابتدا به بررسی تاثیرسنجش تشخیصی به دو روش خود ارزیابی و همتا ارزیابی بر روی توانش تعاملی زبان آموزان پرداخته است، سپس میزان دقت سنجش شخیصی زیر مهارت های توانش تعاملی افراد در ازمون های صحبت کردن دو به دو بررسی شده است. دیدگاه زبان آموزان در مورد به کارگیری سنجش تشخیصی نیز به صورت کیفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. به این منظور60 دانشجوی رشته مترجمی زبان انگلیسی در این تحقیق شرکت داشته اند. طی دوره 12 هفته ای میزان دقت ارزیابی سنجش تشخیصی زبان آموزان در دو گروه خود ارزیابی و همتا ارزیابی با سنجش معلم به عنوان معیار مقایسه و بررسی شده است. تحلیل داده ها به دوروش T-Test وMANOVAنشان داد در حالی که دو گروه خود ارزیابی و همتا ارزیابی پیشرفت چشمگیری در توانش تعاملی داشته اند، تفاوت معناداری بین دستاورد دو گروه در تقویت توانش تعاملی در ازمون های صحبت کردن دو به دووجود نداشته، به علاوه تفاوت معناداری بین میزان دقت سنجش تشخیصی دو گروه در مقایسه با سنجش معلم طی ترم ایجاد نشده بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که زبان آموزان دیدگاه مساعدی نسبت به بکارگیری سنجش تشخیصی داشته اند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        839 - تاثیر آموزش کاملا فراگیر در مقابل آموزش ارتباطی مرسوم بر مهارت بیان زبان آموزان مبتلا به اختلال بیانی زبان
        Mojgan Khaki Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Sajad Shafiee
        10.30495/ttlt.2023.1992982.2372
        بر اساس اصول تئوری شناختی یادگیری چندرسانه ای، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر آموزش کاملاً فراگیر (FIT) در مقابل آموزش زبان ارتباطی مرسوم بر توانایی های بیان زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی با تشخیص اختلال زبان بیانی بود. ELD). با انتخاب هدفمند 36 زبان آموز انگلیسی زبان پیش More
        بر اساس اصول تئوری شناختی یادگیری چندرسانه ای، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر آموزش کاملاً فراگیر (FIT) در مقابل آموزش زبان ارتباطی مرسوم بر توانایی های بیان زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی با تشخیص اختلال زبان بیانی بود. ELD). با انتخاب هدفمند 36 زبان آموز انگلیسی زبان پیش از متوسط ایرانی که دارای سطوح خفیف تا متوسط ELD بودند، از طرح چهار گروهی شبه سلیمان استفاده کردیم و آنها را به دو گروه آزمایش و دو گروه کنترل تقسیم کردیم. مداخله شامل بیست جلسه هفتاد دقیقه ای و شامل هشتاد تمرین گفتاری ریز یادگیری بود که در VR توسط FIT توسعه داده شد. به شرکت کنندگان در گروه کنترل بر اساس آموزش زبان ارتباطی (CLT) که رویکردی برای آموزش زبان است، آموزش داده شد. هر دو آزمون OQPT و آزمون موفقیت فردی وکسلر (WIAT-III) در روش های پیش آزمون و پس آزمون این مطالعه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که افرادی که مطابق با FIT آموزش دیده بودند، از نظر توانایی های بیان بهتر از همکاران خود که تحت CLT قرار گرفته بودند، عمل کردند. این مهارت‌ها شامل واژگان بیانی، روانی کلام شفاهی و تکرار جملات بود. TEFL، آموزش درمانی، گفتار درمانی شناختی، و فناوری آموزشی، همگی ممکن است از این نتایج سود ببرند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        840 - On the Effect of Task-based language Teaching on the Pragmatic Competence (Illocutionary Force) of the Iranian Male and Female Students
        Iraj Noroozi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        841 - پیشرفت تعامل ای هویت حرفه ای و توانش معلمان زبان انگلیسی از طریق مشارکت در بسترهای گفتگوی الکترونیکی
        Masoumeh Ghamoushi Zohre Mohamadi Zenouzagh
        10.30495/ttlt.2020.679017
        این تحقیق یک تحقیق ترکیبی است که تاثیر&nbsp; گفتگوی مشارکتی در بسترهای گفتگوی الکترونیکی را بر روی تعامل،&nbsp; هویت حرفه ای&nbsp; و پیشرفت توانش معلمان&nbsp; زبان انگلیسی در ایران به هنگام مشارکت در این گفتگوها بررسی کرده است. بدین منظور،&nbsp; پنج معلم زبان انگلیسی در More
        این تحقیق یک تحقیق ترکیبی است که تاثیر&nbsp; گفتگوی مشارکتی در بسترهای گفتگوی الکترونیکی را بر روی تعامل،&nbsp; هویت حرفه ای&nbsp; و پیشرفت توانش معلمان&nbsp; زبان انگلیسی در ایران به هنگام مشارکت در این گفتگوها بررسی کرده است. بدین منظور،&nbsp; پنج معلم زبان انگلیسی در یازده جلسه گفتگوی برخط&nbsp; شرکت کردند. پیش از شرکت در این گفتگوها میزان تعامل و هویت حرفه ای ای آنها توسط دو پرسشنامه بررسی شد.&nbsp; برای بررسی تاثیر گفتگوی مشلرکتی الکترونیکی ، مقیاس چندبعدی&nbsp; تعامل معلمان و پرسشنامه ی هویت حرفه ای معلمان دو بار در مرحله پیش آزمون و پس آزمون توزیع و اجرا شد.&nbsp; نتایج آزمون ویلکاکسون نشان داد که میزان تعامل معلمان و هویت حرفه ای آنها از پیش آزمون تا پس آزمون تغییر چشمگیری داشته است. محتوای گفتگوی شرکت کنندگان در تالارهای گفتگوی الکترونیکی&nbsp; به وسیله نرم افزار انویوو آنالیز شد&nbsp; که بدین ترتیب چند مجموعه و زیر مجموعه به طور استنتاجی به دست آمد. مجموعه های اصلی شامل توانش تکنولوﮊی ، &nbsp;توانش نقادانه، توانش شخصی&nbsp; و توانش بالینی بودند. این چهار توانش اصلی شامل زیرمجموعه هایی بودند که نشان دهنده پیشرفت&nbsp; حرفه ای معلمان بود.&nbsp; در نتیجه این بررسی کاربردهایی هم برای کارشناسان امور آموزشی پیشنهاد شده است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        842 - Diagnostic Assessment of Interactional Competence in Paired Speaking Tests: Investigating Rating Accuracy of Iranian EFL Learners
        Masoome Azmoode Sis Abad Gholam-Reza Kiyani Gholam-Reza Abbasian
        10.30495/ttlt.2024.709364
        Assessment of interactional competence (IC) as a multi-componential construct poses several challenges for both teachers and administrators. Having a diagnostic assessment perspective through stakeholders&rsquo; involvement, this mixed methods study attempts to provide More
        Assessment of interactional competence (IC) as a multi-componential construct poses several challenges for both teachers and administrators. Having a diagnostic assessment perspective through stakeholders&rsquo; involvement, this mixed methods study attempts to provide information about students&rsquo; strengths and weaknesses in IC. The paper first explored the distinctive effects of diagnostic self- and peer-assessments on the development of Iranian EFL learners&rsquo; IC; it then examined the accuracy of the learners&rsquo; diagnostic assessment of IC in paired speaking tests. The learners&rsquo; perception toward the application of diagnostic assessment was also investigated qualitatively. To this end, 60 students majoring in English translation at Islamic Azad University participated in this study. Taking the instructor&rsquo;s ratings as the criterion, over the course of 12 weeks, the accuracy of the learners&rsquo; diagnostic self- and peer- assessments was investigated. Data analysis, using T-test and MANOVA, confirmed that while the two groups of diagnostic self- and peer- assessments had considerable improvement in IC, there was not any significant difference between the two groups&rsquo; gain. In addition, no statistically significant difference was found between the accuracy of diagnostic self-, peer &ndash; assessment and those of instructor- assessment throughout the course. Furthermore, the results showed that the participants held favorable perception toward the application of diagnostic assessment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        843 - The Effect of Task Repetition on Pragmatic Awareness of Iranian EFL Learners
        Abdollah Baradaran Fatemeh Hashemifar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        844 - رویکردی مبتنی بر مهارت برای ارزیابی عملکرد ترجمه دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی
        Alireza Bonyadi
        10.30495/ttlt.2020.673889
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        845 - Promoting Translation Sub-Competences and Identifying the Ranking of Influence among Them
        Kambiz Mahmoodzadeh Farzaneh Farahzad Ehsan Esmaili
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        846 - A Brief Review: The Meeting Point of Language Learning and Translation
        Ahmad Mohseni Adnan Satariyan
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        847 - The Effect of the Translation Technologies on the Critical Thinking of the Students of the Translation Studies
        Forouzan Dehbashi Sharif Fatemeh Salehi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        848 - وضعیت مدرسان زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه از دیدگاه آنها با توجه به مدل صلاحیت حرفه ای
        شیوا مرزوقی حسین احمدی حمید رضا خلجی
        10.30495/ttlt.2021.682811
        این مطالعه با کمک روش ترکیبی ، با بررسی یک مدل ، صلاحیت های حرفه ای مورد نیاز مدرسان زبان انگلیسی بعنوان زبان خارجه &nbsp;را مورد بررسی قرار داده است. برای تحقق &nbsp;این اهداف ، نظریه گراندد تئوری (داده بنیاد) برای بررسی گفته ها، تجربیات و دغدغه های مدرسان متخصص و آگاه More
        این مطالعه با کمک روش ترکیبی ، با بررسی یک مدل ، صلاحیت های حرفه ای مورد نیاز مدرسان زبان انگلیسی بعنوان زبان خارجه &nbsp;را مورد بررسی قرار داده است. برای تحقق &nbsp;این اهداف ، نظریه گراندد تئوری (داده بنیاد) برای بررسی گفته ها، تجربیات و دغدغه های مدرسان متخصص و آگاه در حیطه تدریس زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه اتخاذ گردید . بنابراین مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته با ۲۱ نفر از متخصصان این امر که با نمونه گیری هدفمند گلوله برفی انتخاب شده بودند انجام شد&nbsp; .به منظور تایید نتایج به دست آمده از مرحله کیفی و &nbsp;بررسی وضعیت ابعاد صلاحیت های حرفه ای در میان مدرسان زبان انگلیسی بعنوان زبان خارجه ،&nbsp; در مرحله کمی یک پرسشنامه ۱۰۳ سوالی براساس کد های استخراج شده از مصاحبه ها توسط محققین تدوین گردید و پس از اجراء آزمایشی، بر روی ۳۸۲ مدرس زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه که در دبیرستان ها و موسسات زبان انگلیسی در شهرهای مختلف ایران تدریس می کنند، اجرا گردید. &nbsp;وضعیت سه بعد کشف شده در مرحله کیفی &nbsp;در میان مدرسان زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه در مرحله کمی مطلوب نبود. در همین حال ، تجزیه و تحلیل عاملی در مورد ابعاد &nbsp;صلاحیت های حرفه ای&nbsp; در میان مدرسان زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه ، سه عامل را با توجه به اولویت مشخص نمود: الف) صلاحیت نگرشی، &nbsp;ب) صلاحیت مدیریتی و ج) صلاحیت زبانی. محققان به این نتیجه رسیدند که صلاحیت نگرشی به عنوان بیشترین ارزش در میان &nbsp;سه بعد توسط مدرسان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه در نظر گرفته می شود و صلاحیت زبانی نیز &nbsp;زبانی دارای کمترین اولویت &nbsp;است که این واقعیت را توجیه می کند که علیرغم اشتیاق و علاقه به تدریس ، این مدرسان فاقد صلاحیت زبانی کافی بوده و همچنین تمایل به بهبود آن ندارند. &nbsp;بر این اساس ، محققان برخی شیوه ها را برای توسعه صلاحیت حرفه ای مدرسان زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه پیشنهاد کردند و تأکید کردند که همه ابعاد ضروری است و مدرسان زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه باید ترکیبی متعادل از آنها را داشته باشند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        849 - تاثیر دانش منظور شناسی بر ترجمه لطیفه در کلاس ترجمه زبان انگلیسی
        Aliasghar Kargar Rahman Sahragard
        10.30495/ttlt.2022.692159
        تحقیق حاضر به بررسی تاثیر آگاهی از اطلاعات فرا منظور شناسی در سطح تئوری بر کیفیت ترجمه لطیفه های انگلیسی به فارسی در میان دانشجویان رشته ترجمه زبان انگلیسی پرداخته است. بدین منظور، تعداد 50دانشجوی سال سوم ترجمه در دو کلاس ترجمه شفاهی به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش و ش More
        تحقیق حاضر به بررسی تاثیر آگاهی از اطلاعات فرا منظور شناسی در سطح تئوری بر کیفیت ترجمه لطیفه های انگلیسی به فارسی در میان دانشجویان رشته ترجمه زبان انگلیسی پرداخته است. بدین منظور، تعداد 50دانشجوی سال سوم ترجمه در دو کلاس ترجمه شفاهی به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش و شاهد تقسیم شدند. گروه آزمایش اطلاعاتی را درمورد کاربرد اصول مکالمه گرایس در ارتباط با نظریه تناقض-رفع تناقض در لطیفه آموختند. مطابق این نظریه ها، آنها یاد گرفتند که ایجاد تناقض در ساختار لطیفه ممکن است از تخطی اصول مکالمه ای گرایس ناشی شود. برای این که محصول نهایی ترجمه قابل قبول تر باشد، نظریه عمومی لطیفه گفتاری نیز به طور مختصر و قابل فهمی بازگو شد. از طرف دیگر، گروه شاهد به برنامه معمول کلاسی خود در ترجمه شفاهی ادامه دادند. هر دو گروه در پیش و پس آزمون های ترجمه لطیفه شرکت کردند. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری با استفاده از آزمون های تی مستقل حاکی از تفاوت معنادار در میانگین نمرات و کیفیت ترجمه بود. با این وجود، دانشجویان گروه آزمایش نتوانسته بودند به درستی اصولی را که در لطیفه ها نقض شده بود تشخیص دهند. از آنجایی که یافته های این تحقیق موید تاثیر آموزش نظریات یاد شده بر کیفیت ترجمه بود، می توانند در برنامه تربیت مترجم قرار گیرند.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        850 - دانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی، تماس بین فرهنگی و ویژگی های شخصیتی زبان آموزان: مدل معادلات ساختاری
        Behrouz Sarbakhshian Mahnaz Saeidi Touran Ahour
        10.30495/ttlt.2022.690738
        &nbsp;زبان آموزان به طور مداوم از مهارت های صلاحیت ارتباطی بین فرهنگی ی ویژگی های شخصیتی مختلف و تماس های بین فرهنگی (IC) هستند. این مطالعه سعی در بررسی روابط بین ویژگی های شخصیتی فراگیران، IC و ICC داشت. برای این منظور، محققین سه پرسشنامه خودگزارشی Big Five Inventory ( More
        &nbsp;زبان آموزان به طور مداوم از مهارت های صلاحیت ارتباطی بین فرهنگی ی ویژگی های شخصیتی مختلف و تماس های بین فرهنگی (IC) هستند. این مطالعه سعی در بررسی روابط بین ویژگی های شخصیتی فراگیران، IC و ICC داشت. برای این منظور، محققین سه پرسشنامه خودگزارشی Big Five Inventory (BFI)، IC و ICC را در بین 200 زبان آموز انگلیسی مرد و زن ایرانی از آموزشگاه های مختلف زبان در تبریز، ایران اجرا کردند. مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) رابطه بین متغیرها را از طریق نرم افزار SmartPLS3 اندازه گیری کرد. نتایج نشان داد که بین برونگرایی، باز بودن و توافق پذیری با IC مستقیم و غیرمستقیم رابطه مثبت وجود دارد. روابط آنها با ICC نیز معنادار و مثبت بود. علاوه بر این، رابطه بین IC مستقیم و IC غیر مستقیم با ICC به طور معنی‌داری مثبت بود. با این حال، رابطه بین روان رنجوری و IC مستقیم، IC غیر مستقیم و ICC به طور معنی داری منفی بود. علاوه بر این، اگرچه رابطه بین وظیفه‌شناسی و IC مستقیم و غیرمستقیم مثبت بود، اما رابطه آن با ICC غیرمعنی‌دار بود. این مطالعه همچنین مفهوم مسیرهای استخراج شده برای ELT را روشن می کند و پیشنهاداتی برای مطالعات آینده ارائه می دهد.&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        851 - تاثیر آموزش کاملا فراگیر در مقابل آموزش ارتباطی مرسوم بر مهارت بیان زبان آموزان مبتلا به اختلال بیانی زبان
        Mojgan Khaki Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Sajad Shafiee
        10.30495/ttlt.2024.709394
        بر اساس اصول تئوری شناختی یادگیری چندرسانه ای، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر آموزش کاملاً فراگیر (FIT) در مقابل آموزش زبان ارتباطی مرسوم بر توانایی های بیان زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی با تشخیص اختلال زبان بیانی بود. ELD). با انتخاب هدفمند 36 زبان آموز انگلیسی زبان پیش More
        بر اساس اصول تئوری شناختی یادگیری چندرسانه ای، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر آموزش کاملاً فراگیر (FIT) در مقابل آموزش زبان ارتباطی مرسوم بر توانایی های بیان زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی با تشخیص اختلال زبان بیانی بود. ELD). با انتخاب هدفمند 36 زبان آموز انگلیسی زبان پیش از متوسط ایرانی که دارای سطوح خفیف تا متوسط ELD بودند، از طرح چهار گروهی شبه سلیمان استفاده کردیم و آنها را به دو گروه آزمایش و دو گروه کنترل تقسیم کردیم. مداخله شامل بیست جلسه هفتاد دقیقه ای و شامل هشتاد تمرین گفتاری ریز یادگیری بود که در VR توسط FIT توسعه داده شد. به شرکت کنندگان در گروه کنترل بر اساس آموزش زبان ارتباطی (CLT) که رویکردی برای آموزش زبان است، آموزش داده شد. هر دو آزمون OQPT و آزمون موفقیت فردی وکسلر (WIAT-III) در روش های پیش آزمون و پس آزمون این مطالعه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که افرادی که مطابق با FIT آموزش دیده بودند، از نظر توانایی های بیان بهتر از همکاران خود که تحت CLT قرار گرفته بودند، عمل کردند. این مهارت‌ها شامل واژگان بیانی، روانی کلام شفاهی و تکرار جملات بود. TEFL، آموزش درمانی، گفتار درمانی شناختی، و فناوری آموزشی، همگی ممکن است از این نتایج سود ببرند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        852 - نشانه های آزادی در مجموعه داستان « مترجم دردها » و داستان کوتاه « این خانه مقدس » آثاری از جومپا لاهیری
        Atefeh Lieaghat Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Mojgan Yarahmadi
        10.30495/ttlt.2022.692161
        در این تحقیق قصد داریم دو داستان کوتاه از مجموعه داستان &laquo; مترجم دردها &raquo; (1999) از آثار جومپا لاهیری را از منظر فیلیپ پتیت مورد نقد و بررسی قرار دهیم. لاهیری د ر آثارش زندگی مهاجرانی رابه تصویر می کشد که سعی دارند در کشورهای دیگر آزادیهای گمشده شان را حفظ نما More
        در این تحقیق قصد داریم دو داستان کوتاه از مجموعه داستان &laquo; مترجم دردها &raquo; (1999) از آثار جومپا لاهیری را از منظر فیلیپ پتیت مورد نقد و بررسی قرار دهیم. لاهیری د ر آثارش زندگی مهاجرانی رابه تصویر می کشد که سعی دارند در کشورهای دیگر آزادیهای گمشده شان را حفظ نمایند. در این مبحث مفهوم آزادی برگرفته از نظریه فیلیپ نوئل پتیت می باشد. پتیت معتقد است که آزادی به معنای پدیده &nbsp;ضد قدرت, زداینده هر گونه بردگی و بندگی بوده و ما را به سمت کمال رهنمون می سازد. به باور این صاحب نظر هر فردی بر اساس اراده و اختیار خود آزاد است تا هر عمل یا کاری را انجام دهد و هیچ فرد دیگری نمی تواند در مقام ارباب یا رئیس در امور شخصی او دخالت کند. پتیت علاوه بر این موضوع، ضد &nbsp;قدرت را درمعنای عدم سیطره مطرح کرده است. درهمین ارتباط مقاله حاضر درصدد است به این موضوع بپردازد که چگونه شخصیت های این دو داستان بر اساس اعتقادات و خواسته های خود، مفهوم آزادی به معنای قدرت ستیزی را ابراز می کنند. این نظریه برای شخصیت های دو داستان &nbsp;کوتاه لاهیری تحت عنوان &laquo; مترجم دردها &raquo; و &laquo; این خانه مقدس &raquo; بکار برده شده است. نکته دیگر اینکه در اینجا می خواهیم به دلایلی بپردازیم که بر اساس آنها شخصیت های دو داستان تلاش می کنند در شرایط مختلفی به دنبال آزادی باشند.در این تحقیق با تمرکز بر شخصیت های اصلی دو داستان نشان می دهیم چگونه شخصیت هایی نظیر خانم داس و تویینکل سعی می کنند بر اساس دیدگاه و عقاید خود انسان هایی آزاد باشند. خانم داس کوشش می کند با بیان اسرار خویش خود را از قید بندگی و اسارت رها کندو تویینکل هم با نگهداری و حفظ اشیا مورد علاقه خویش ,سعی دارد تمامی تعصبات فرهنگی خود را کنار بگذارد و به آزادی برسد. بر این اساس پژوهش پیش رو سعی بر ان دارد تا &nbsp;نحوه شکل گیری نظریه آزادی پتیت &nbsp;را حول محور این داستان ها نشان دهد.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        853 - Baluchi Language, Competence, Productivity
        اسماعیل نرماشیری
        &nbsp; Baluchi language, Like Persian language, is an affixing and Synthetic language. These characteristics bring about its productivity. Due to regional conditions as well as linguistic change Balochi language is productive and expansive. The present article consid More
        &nbsp; Baluchi language, Like Persian language, is an affixing and Synthetic language. These characteristics bring about its productivity. Due to regional conditions as well as linguistic change Balochi language is productive and expansive. The present article considers these issues with respect to informants and speech community of Balochi language. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        854 - The Images of the Fight between the Dragon and Simorgh on Persian Carpets: A Study Based on Myths and Literary Texts
        Zahrā Asgari Farideh Davoodi Moqadam
        The designs on Persian carpets include symbolic narratives, which have been beautifully depicted on the carpets by inspiration from the national myths. The fight between the dragon and Simorgh is one of these designs that are displayed in the form of "gereft-o-gir" (lit More
        The designs on Persian carpets include symbolic narratives, which have been beautifully depicted on the carpets by inspiration from the national myths. The fight between the dragon and Simorgh is one of these designs that are displayed in the form of "gereft-o-gir" (literally &ldquo;captured and pinned,&rdquo;). Each of these two myths has symbolic reflections; they refer to symbols of Ahura and Ahreman, good and evil, earth and heaven, life and death, and soul. The present article examines Iranian native myths by considering factors such as repetition, frequency, and originality. The findings of the research show the fight between the dragon and Simorgh which refers to the concepts of good and evil and the fight of Ahura and Ahreman. Also, the ritualistic approach is involved in the formation of this fight that in which the snake and the dragon (as the symbols of Ahreman) are in conflict with the Simorgh (as the symbol of Ahura). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        855 - The Influence of Age and Gender on the Development of Strategic Arithmetic Competency in Iranian Children
        Mohtaram Nemat Tavousi Ali Akbar Saif
        A random sample of 192 male and female elementary school students, grades 1 &ndash; 3, were chosen to study the development of problem solving strategies using the Test of Individual Differences in Children&rsquo;s Addition Strategy Choices. The results of the study wer More
        A random sample of 192 male and female elementary school students, grades 1 &ndash; 3, were chosen to study the development of problem solving strategies using the Test of Individual Differences in Children&rsquo;s Addition Strategy Choices. The results of the study were consistent with the basic assumption of Adaptive Strategy Choice Model (ASCM) and revealed that Iranian children also used multiple strategies to solve simple addition problems. As children became older and acquired more experience in problem solving, they discovered new strategies, the accuracy and speed with which each strategy was executed increased. In addition, retrieved answers to problems from long- term memory came to be used more and the relative frequencies of the use of backup strategies varied. No significant differences were found between boys and girls in speed, accuracy and strategy use. Although the results indicate that the pattern of strategic development in Iranian children is similar to the pattern of children in other countries, the results also reveal that Iranian children differed considerably in the distribution of strategy choices Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        856 - Perfectionism and Competitive Anxiety in Athletes
        Mohammad Ali Besharat Seyedeh Asma Hoseini
        n order to explain different aspects of competitive anxiety including cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence as related to dimensions of perfectionism including striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) and negative reaction to imperfection (nega More
        n order to explain different aspects of competitive anxiety including cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence as related to dimensions of perfectionism including striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) and negative reaction to imperfection (negative perfectionism), 173 volunteer athletes (115 males, 58 females) from different Iranian sport federations participated in the current study and completed the Competitive Perfectionism Scale (Besharat, 2009a) and the Multidimensional Competitive Anxiety Questionnaire (Besharat, 2009b). The results revealed that 1) striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) was negatively associated with cognitive and somatic anxiety, and positively associated with self-confidence, 2) negative reaction to imperfection (negative perfectionism) was positively associated with cognitive and somatic anxiety and negatively associated with self-confidence, and 3) dimensions of perfectionism can predict changes related to athletes' competitive anxiety. Moreover, striving for perfection decreased competitive anxiety and increased self-confidence through reinforcing personal feelings of competence, control and management of competitive conditions and concentration while performing sport skills and techniques. Conversely, negative reaction to imperfection, increased competitive anxiety and decreased self-confidence by weakening personal feelings of competence, control and management of competitive conditions and disturbing concentration while performing sport skills and techniques Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        857 - The Effectiveness of Teaching Cognitive Strategy Skills on Perceived Competence Dimensions in Students
        Eslam Bahadormotlagh Yousefali Attari Gholam Bahadormotlagh
        The effects of cognitive strategy skills on dimensions of perceived competence (cognitive, physical and social) among elementary school students was studied. 50 male fifth-grade students selected by cluster sampling method and divided into one group of experimental and More
        The effects of cognitive strategy skills on dimensions of perceived competence (cognitive, physical and social) among elementary school students was studied. 50 male fifth-grade students selected by cluster sampling method and divided into one group of experimental and one control group (n=25). Both groups completed the Perceived Competence Scale (Harter, 1982). The research design was pretest-posttest with control group. The experimental group received 10 sessions (35 minutes each) of training cognitive strategy skills (Maleki, 2005). Covariance analysis indicated the effectiveness of cognitive strategy training in modifying dimensions of perceived competence (cognitive, physical and social). The results also posited the effectiveness of training cognitive strategy skills after a 30 day follow-up. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        858 - Tyler,s model of psychosocial competence:a comparison of iranian and lebanese students
        Oumaima Mohsen Olleik Maria A. Vafaie Kazem Rassoulzadeh Tabatabai
        In order to assess differences in intercorrelation coefficients among the three components of proactive coping, external locus of control, and attitude towards the world 172 Iranian students (50 male, 122 female) and 146 Lebanese students (66 male, 80 female) responded More
        In order to assess differences in intercorrelation coefficients among the three components of proactive coping, external locus of control, and attitude towards the world 172 Iranian students (50 male, 122 female) and 146 Lebanese students (66 male, 80 female) responded to the Psychosocial Competence Scale (Tyler, 1978), Rotter &rsquo;s Internal and External Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1966) and Rotter Trust Scale (1967). Findings revealed that in the Lebanese sample, with the rise in external locus of control and a more positive attitude towards the world, proactive coping decreased whereas in the Iranian sample higher external locus of control was coupled with lower proactive coping. The relationship between external locus of control and attitude towards the world was insignificant in both groups but this coefficient was significantly larger for the Iranian group. Differences in social and political structures of the two countries are discussed as the main reason behind these findings. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        859 - Rejection and organization justice
        Mahin Tavakoli Warren Thorngate
        Content analysis of semi-structured       adults about losing an important organizational competition examined how three types of social justice : procedural, distributive, and interactional, affect the experience of rejection. All participants reacted More
        Content analysis of semi-structured       adults about losing an important organizational competition examined how three types of social justice : procedural, distributive, and interactional, affect the experience of rejection. All participants reacted to losing with feeling of sandness, anger, frustration, and a tendency to criticize the decision &ndash;       participants also withdrew from subsequent competitions. These negative feelings motivated all respondents engage in social comparison with the winner, and use the comparison to judge whether the decision &ndash; making process was fair. Social comparisons that led to a judgment of being unfairly treated, or that showed the winner to be less qualified, intensified the respondents&rsquo; negative feelings towards the judges and retarded recovery from negative feeling and thoughts associated with the rejection or loss. To cope with these negative feelings, participants adopted various psychological and behavior strategies such as finding meaning or benefit in the rejection or loss, and trying other competitions. Persistent negative feelings were related to receiving impolite, disrespectful, or insufficient feedback about competition results. Managerial implications are discussed. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        860 - The Role of Identity Dimensions in Self-Esteem and Psychological Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood
        Neda Falsafi Mohtaram Nemat Tavousi
        The present study aimed to investigate the&nbsp; role of&nbsp; identity dimensions in the prediction of self-esteem and psychological well-being. Five hundred and fifty four (270 females, 284 males) students were selected from Islamic Azad University of Tehran using mul More
        The present study aimed to investigate the&nbsp; role of&nbsp; identity dimensions in the prediction of self-esteem and psychological well-being. Five hundred and fifty four (270 females, 284 males) students were selected from Islamic Azad University of Tehran using multistage random sampling. The participants completed the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (Luyckx &amp; et al., 2008), the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (O''Brien &amp; Epstein, 1988), and the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff, 1989).The result indicated that a) commitment making and identification with commitment positively correlated with global self-esteem, competence, lovability and psychological well-being, b) ruminative exploration negatively correlated with global self-esteem, competence and lovability, c) exploration in breadth positively correlated with global self-esteem, competence and psychological well-being, and d) exploration in depth positively correlated with competence and psychological well-being. The results of simultaneous multiple regression indicated that identity dimensions accounted for 34% variances of global self-esteem, 21%&nbsp; variances of competence, 13% variances of lovability, and 18% variances of psychological well-being. The findings emphasize the necessity of investigating identity process in emerging adulthood. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        861 - Physical and Chemical Properties of Ships Ballast Waters and the Sea Water around Khark Petrochemical Terminals, Persian Gulf
        adel tangestani B. Amraee G. Delbar
        Ballast waters are one the most important sources of pollution in continental areas. Khark Island is among sensitive areas according to International Maritime Organizations (IMO). Shipping activities have emotional impact on marine waters around Kharg Petrochemical term More
        Ballast waters are one the most important sources of pollution in continental areas. Khark Island is among sensitive areas according to International Maritime Organizations (IMO). Shipping activities have emotional impact on marine waters around Kharg Petrochemical terminals. In this study, ballast water and sea water samples around Khark Petrochemical terminals were seasonally analyzed in 2015. Temperature, pH, DO, salinity, EC, TDS, TSS, chloride, total hardness, sulphate, silicon and phosphate were measured in Kharg Petrochemical laboratory. In water, chloride ion was observed in the range of 19100 to 24300 mg / l and sulfate ions in the range of 2100 to 3340 mg / l. Phosphate ions were not detected in any of the ballast water samples and the waters around the island of Kharg. In the waters around Khark Island chloride ions at concentrations of 2100 to 23217 mg/l and sulfate ions in the range of 2370 to 3100 mg/l were observed. The results indicated that, availability of anions and cations in the ballast waters changed the balance of physical and chemical properties. This may cause stress and may affect marine life in the region. According to this study, water changing characteristics are not identified as an acute danger in the ecosystem. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        862 - Assessment of total petroleum hydrocarbons in Persian Gulf ´s water and sediment, Bahregan, costal area
        E. Hatami S. M. T. Sadatipour B. Shahabi
        This research has been carried out on the effect of the sewage of Bahregan oil industries, to evaluate it&rsquo;s&nbsp; effecting the marine environment which is in the proxy of the site. Bahregan oil industries are located in the coastal area of Bushehr with latitudina More
        This research has been carried out on the effect of the sewage of Bahregan oil industries, to evaluate it&rsquo;s&nbsp; effecting the marine environment which is in the proxy of the site. Bahregan oil industries are located in the coastal area of Bushehr with latitudinal of 29&deg; 50' and longitudinal of 50&deg; 17'. From this site 235.000 barrels of oil are exported daily. Therefore our first assumption was that there should have pollution effect in the area. In this research we zoomed on TPH pollution in the water and sediments of area which is in proxy of Bahregan oil industries. For this aim we selected 13 sampling stations in offshore and 3 stations in shore. To analyze TPH in water and sediments of the area the 3 inshore stations were selected from the channel of which area collecting Bahregan surface water and leads that to marine environment. All the samples were analyzed based on MOOPAM(1999) methodology. Using FT-IR, analyses were done with the help of SPSS. From the data we noticed that there is a high position correlation between TPH concentration in water and sediments of the area. We can conclude that the source of TPH are the same in water and sediment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        863 - Cloning and over expression of alpha-amylase gene isolated from Bacillus licheniformis and determination of biochemical characterizations of this recombinant enzyme
        Ashraf Kariminik Kobra Saeedi
        Background &amp; Objectives: &alpha;-amylase, is an endoamylase to hydrolyses amylase, amylopectin and glycogen by randomly cleavage of internal alpha 1, 4 linkages. Genus Bacillus is one of the most common microbial sources of &alpha;-amylase production. The aim of the More
        Background &amp; Objectives: &alpha;-amylase, is an endoamylase to hydrolyses amylase, amylopectin and glycogen by randomly cleavage of internal alpha 1, 4 linkages. Genus Bacillus is one of the most common microbial sources of &alpha;-amylase production. The aim of the present study is identification, overexpression and activity analysis of Bacillus licheniformis &alpha;-amylase (amyS). Materials &amp; Methods: A polymerase chain reaction was used to identify and isolate &alpha;-amylase gene in Bacillus sp. The fragments were introduced into expression vector pET-26 (+). After sequencing, the recombinant vectors were introduced into E. coli BL21 (DE3) for expression. The recombinant enzyme were purified using amicon filter and dialysis bags.&nbsp;&alpha;-amylase activity was measured using di-nitro salicylic acid technique. Results: Based on the results, the &alpha;-amylase gene was over-expressed in an expression system beyond the native host (Bacillus sp.). Based on the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, the molecular weight of this enzyme was predicted 54 KDa. The &alpha;-amylase showed an enzyme activity about 4.77 U/ml. Conclusion: These results indicated a high expression of this enzyme in an expression system beyond the host, which was due to existence of a strong promoter used in this study, T7promoter. As a result, employment of this system in an industrial scale is recommended due to the secretion of the target enzyme, a proper folding of the enzyme and maintenance of its activity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        864 - Optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate production with novel strain bacillus cereus separated from petrochemical waste‌water
        khosro Issazadeh Saba Amiri Kojuri zoheir Heshmatipour Mirsasan Mirpour Saeid Zarrabi
        Background &amp; Objectives: Polyhydroxybutyrate is a biopolymer Produced by bacteria. Also, with having chemical and physical characteristics similar with artificial plastics are completely biodegradable and compatible with life-environment. This study has been done wi More
        Background &amp; Objectives: Polyhydroxybutyrate is a biopolymer Produced by bacteria. Also, with having chemical and physical characteristics similar with artificial plastics are completely biodegradable and compatible with life-environment. This study has been done with the purpose of separating and knowing one local strain with the ability of high-production for industrial purposes.Materials &amp; Methods: In the present analytical research, the sampling from petrochemical waste‌water has been done. The existence of polyhydroxybutyrate in separations has been studied with Sudan black staining. One separation of bacillus was chosen to increase the production of polyhydroxybutyrate. This separation was distinguished with biochemical methods and determining 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The final confirmation of Polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis was done through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance. To increase more production of polyhydroxybutyrate, the effect of different factors including carbone, nitrogen, pH and temperature were assessed. Results: As a whole, eight bacterial isolation producing polyhydroxybutyrate were separated that among them the one novel strain of bacillus cereus was chosen as better separation. The best conditions to increase more production of polyhydroxybutyrate, was the application and use of glucose as carbon source, ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source, 7 pH and 30&deg;C temperature.Conclusion: Valuable data on optimized conditions for PHB production has been obtained through the present research that can be used at industrial level for PHB production, so it can be called a quick appearing alternation for petroleum based on synthetic plastic. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        865 - Cloning and expression of UreB-Omp18 recombinant protein from Iranian H. pylori strain
        hassan seyyedhamzeh safar farajnia Mohammad Kargar Farshid Kafilzadeh Behzad baradaran
        10.30495/jmw.2022.1934280.1988
        Background &amp; Objectives: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is accepted of chronic gastritis. Among the diagnostic methods, serological tests are widely available and relatively sensitive to detect&nbsp;H. pylori infection. However, the low specificity limits More
        Background &amp; Objectives: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is accepted of chronic gastritis. Among the diagnostic methods, serological tests are widely available and relatively sensitive to detect&nbsp;H. pylori infection. However, the low specificity limits its application. The present study was aimed for designing, cloning and expression of UreB - Omp18 protein from Iranian H. pylori&nbsp; strain as a promising diagnostic candidate with high specificity.Materials &amp; Methods: After extraction of genomic DNA from focal Helicobacter pylori strain, ureB and omp18 genes were amplified by primers designed for these genes by PCR reaction and cloned into pET-22b expression vector after enzymatic cleavage. The expression of the resulting recombinant protein was induced by IPTG and purified with high purity by affinity chromatography. The antigenic properties of the purified recombinant protein were confirmed by Western blotting.Results: In this study, two ureB and omp18 gene fragments were amplified by PCR as 597 and 479 bp fragments, respectively, and cloned as a hybrid fragment in the pET-22b vector. The expression of the recombinant protein in E. coli BL21 (DE3) appeared as a fragment of about 60 kDa on SDS-PAGE and was purified by Ni-NTA column. Western blot results of purified chimeric antigen with sera of H. pylori infected patients showed the antigenic properties of the recombinant protein.Conclusion: In the present study, for the first time, the recombinant UreB-Omp18 protein was produced from the native strain of Helicobacter pylori, which can be a suitable candidate for designing a Helicobacter pylori diagnostic kit in the region.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        866 - Cloning and expression of H gene of PPRV in baculovirus expression system
        Mehdi Taheri Asl majid moghbeli Mohammad Kargar mohsen lotfi Farshid Kafilzadeh
        10.30495/jmw.2022.1934002.1985
        Background and Objectives: Small ruminant plague is one of the most economically important pathogens in sheep and goats caused by morbilli viruses. Protein H is one of the major proteins for immunity against PPRV. The aim of the present study was to clone and express th More
        Background and Objectives: Small ruminant plague is one of the most economically important pathogens in sheep and goats caused by morbilli viruses. Protein H is one of the major proteins for immunity against PPRV. The aim of the present study was to clone and express the H gene of this virus by the baculovirus expression system.Materials and Methods: H gene was amplified by RT-PCR and specific primers and then cloned into pFastBac Dual plasmid. The recombinant vector with the gene was transferred to the DH10Bac host cell. By transfection Sf9 cell with recombinant vector, its expression and&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; characteristics were evaluated by SDS-PAGE, western blotting and Bradford methods.Results: The H gene was amplified using specific primers from the PPR virus genome and the&nbsp;&nbsp; specific band was obtained. Cloning of the H gene on the pFastBac Dual vector and baculovirus genome was proved with PCR and enzymatic digestion. By transfection the recombinant vector into Sf9 cells and performing sequential passages, the recombinant protein was shown to be completely pure and specific using SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and Bradford methods. The&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; expression level of this gene was obtained 218 &micro;g/ml.Conclusion: Considering the production of an appropriate amount of recombinant H protein, this protein can be a suitable candidate for the production of recombinant vaccine against PPRV.&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        867 - Design of an internal control (IC) for molecular diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
        Mohammad Hassan Shahhosseini Maryam Ghahri Elham Moslemi
        Background &amp; Objectives: Tuberculosis is the second reason of deaths caused by known infectious agents. Although molecular approaches, such as PCR, are suitable techniques for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), these techniques suffer of variable results More
        Background &amp; Objectives: Tuberculosis is the second reason of deaths caused by known infectious agents. Although molecular approaches, such as PCR, are suitable techniques for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), these techniques suffer of variable results in different laboratory conditions. This study aimed to design, manufacture and apply an internal PCR control used for detection of MTB. Materials &amp; Methods: To produce special MTB internal control, first individual PCR test primers was optimized for molecular detection of MTB, and then their sensitivity and specificity were measured. The composite primer for IC-MTB was also designed, replicated and colonized. The amplified IC-MTB was ligated to pTZ57R plasmid and was transformed into E. coli JM107. The minimum IC number in each PCR reaction was studied using dilution and PCR response spectrum with IC.&nbsp; Results: The size of MTB diagnostic products with individual primers and IC-MTB were was 245 bp and 660 bp, respectively, which is a suitable difference in the size aspect. Minimum IC number was identified 1000 for each reaction. Minimum and maximum sensitivity PCR test by IC for MTB DNA was determined 10 and 10 million bacteria, respectively. No unwanted products were observed in characteristic tests by different agents. Conclusion: Using an internal control as an inside control system we could detect the errors in MTB molecular diagnosis test. In fact, IC amplification is representative of correct procedure in amplification and detection steps. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        868 - Evaluation the Antifungal Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Petroselinum crispum, Acimum basilicum, Anethum graveolens, Mentha viridis on Aspergillus parasiticus
        Fatemeh Noorbakhsh Sassan Rezaie Marjan Arab
        Background and objective: In this study, the antifungal effects of the extracted oil of Petroselinum crispum, Acimum basilicum, Anethum graveolens, Mentha viridis on Aspergilus parasiticus ATCC 15517 was evaluated. Also, the chemical compositions of the vegetables were More
        Background and objective: In this study, the antifungal effects of the extracted oil of Petroselinum crispum, Acimum basilicum, Anethum graveolens, Mentha viridis on Aspergilus parasiticus ATCC 15517 was evaluated. Also, the chemical compositions of the vegetables were determined. &nbsp;Materials and methods: The essential oils were obtained using hydrodestillation of&nbsp; dried plant material. Their compositions and Minimum inhibitory concenteration (MIC) were determined by GC-MS and serial dilution method, respectively. Results: The main component of the essential oils was detected as follow: Mentha viridis: Benzen bromophenoxy-methyl dimethyl, Acimum basilicum: Ethyldecaborane, Anethum graveolens:Decarbadecaborane- dimethyl and Petroselinum crispum: Methyl anthracene. Minimum Inhibitory concenteration of the essential oils determined by serial dilution method. MIC for Mentha viridis, Anethum graveolens, Acimum basilicum, Petroselinum crispum were 1.5,1.5,3 and 4 &micro;l/ml, respectively. The antifungal power of assayed essential oils was different, depending on their concentration. This effect in Mentha viridis and Anethum graveolens was identical and stronger than two others. &nbsp;Conclusion: These results indicate that the mentioned essential oils had great antifungal activities and could be used as preservatives and fungicides in food in order to preventing of food pollution. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        869 - A comparative study of repressive measures against economic competition in Iranian and European Union criminal law
        Rana Nadali Jaloukhani Mohsen Shekarchizade Faramarz Atrian
        10.30495/alr.2022.1952512.2293
        It reveals the need to reactive appropriate legal measures, the violation of competition law and committing the criminal phenomenon of disturbing economic competition. Guiding the process of verdict and implementing of these measures, requires the establishment of legal More
        It reveals the need to reactive appropriate legal measures, the violation of competition law and committing the criminal phenomenon of disturbing economic competition. Guiding the process of verdict and implementing of these measures, requires the establishment of legal institutions, that in the European Union, it has been subjected to a system of multiplicity of complaints and follows the principle of unity in Iranian competition law. the application of criminal repression, as the last solution in the chain of legal measures, is exclusively within the jurisdiction of the competent national courts in both systems of criminal policy, despite this difference, its role in Iran's legislative criminal policy has been more prominent than the European Union and has created challenges. However, it has not been ignored the attention of both criminal policy systems to the necessity of a Variety of reactionary measures to the alleged criminal phenomenon and it has caused anticipate mechanisms based on non-criminal repression and also restorative measures, however, recent measures are still recent and require further support in both criminal policy systems. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        870 - The scope of party's obligation in reaching result in renegotiation in international petroleum contracts
        ahmadreza asaadinejad abdolhosein shiravi Mehdi Montazer Kourosh jafarpour
        10.30495/alr.2023.1958464.2362
        Field and Aims: In long-term oil and gas contracts, in order to avoid the disruption of the contractual balance during the long-term implementation of the contract, the condition of renegotiation is foreseen so that by re-negotiating the conditions and how to implement More
        Field and Aims: In long-term oil and gas contracts, in order to avoid the disruption of the contractual balance during the long-term implementation of the contract, the condition of renegotiation is foreseen so that by re-negotiating the conditions and how to implement the contract, the disturbed balance will return to the contract. Although the concept of renegotiation, its structure and dimensions have been examined by other researchers, the question has not been answered that whether the inclusion of a renegotiation clause in oil contracts means obliging the parties to reach an agreement? To put it better, renegotiation is usually a commitment to the means or a commitment to the result?Method: This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way.Findings and Conclusions: The inclusion of renegotiation should not be considered merely a formal and formal act, because the purpose of including such a condition is to restore balance to the contract without the need to refer to the judicial system, so if reaching an agreement is not an obligation for the parties to the contract, basically The inclusion of such a condition lacks binding power and simply becomes a time-consuming and futile act, especially when the parties insist on their positions. The results of the studies of this article show that renegotiation is usually a commitment to the result, and the parties should reach an agreement regarding the dispute between them by resorting to such a condition and by observing the good faith of the contract. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        871 - The Influence of Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations on the competition indices in Iran’s Economy (1979-2013)
        وحید منافی انور فرهاد خداداد کاشی جهانگیر بیابانی فاطمه پاسبان
        Abstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growt More
        Abstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growth, as compared with other countries , its money will be strengthened. Growth of each economic factors such as gross domestic product and partial sale and employment result in demand increasing for that foreign currency and consequently its strengthening.On other hand, some policies can increase the international competition power for one country in clued micro economics and macro economics.The purpose of this research would be considering the change real exchange rate and its effects on the competition indices in Iran&rsquo;s economy during the period of 1979-2013 The equations are estimated by VAR test and using eviews6. Estimation results show that oil incomes and budget deficits had negative effects on real exchange rate, and GDP and liquidity had positive effects on real exchange rate. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        872 - Designing a Model for Explaining Competitive Tejarat Bank
        سیامک جعفری نرگس دل افروز کامبیز شاهرودی yalda rahmati
        10.30495/fed.2022.691500
        AbstractThe purpose of writing the current research is to represent a model to measure competitive strength in Tejarat bank. Data gathering &lrm;tools are interview and questionnaire. Statistical society includes two different parts of Tejarat Bank experts (10 ones) and More
        AbstractThe purpose of writing the current research is to represent a model to measure competitive strength in Tejarat bank. Data gathering &lrm;tools are interview and questionnaire. Statistical society includes two different parts of Tejarat Bank experts (10 ones) and experts &lrm;along with 1750 managers in different levels of the bank from which 316 ones were selected by Cochran sampling formula. First of &lrm;all, preliminary mdel was extracted interviewing experts. Continuously applying structural equation model in LISREL software &lrm;environment the extracted model was tested and finally final definitive model of sompetitive strength in includes internal resource &lrm;&lrm;(contains financial. Technological, managerial and marketing), market intelligence (contains intelligence making and responsibility) &lrm;and onlie relationship marketing (online exchange quality, online content quality and e-service quality) was gained. &lrm; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        873 - The Merging and the efficiency of banking industry in Iran
        Hamid Shahrestani Soghra Ghobadi
        The main goal of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the efficiency of banking industry in Iran. Towards this ends, two methods namely, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) have been employed to investigate the issue in deta More
        The main goal of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the efficiency of banking industry in Iran. Towards this ends, two methods namely, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) have been employed to investigate the issue in detail. The data needed for this study covers the period of 1002 to 1002 and are compiled from balance sheets of commercial banks, specialized banks and also from private banks. The results obtained by the application of DEA method indicate that in terms of economic, allocation, and technical consideration, the average efficiency of banking sectors has been in the order of 265, 775 and 715, respectively. In the SFA method, the overall average efficiency of banking system is estimated to be around %45. the results of our model and its coefficient estimates indicate that the efficiency of banking industry is inversely related to the size of the banks, its overall assets and concentration index while factors such as number of bank branches, its skilled and educated labor force, loan to asset ratio, ratio of credit risk to asset, and e-banking index have a positive impact on efficiency index of banking industry. Promotion of efficiency in the banking sectors can be ensured only when the non viable banks are taking over by acquisition or merging practices Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        874 - Studying the Possibility of Replacing Petrochemical Products with Natural Gas in Public Transport Sector (In case of the taxis of the city of Tehran )
        Marjan Damankeshideh Emelia Akhlaghi
        The rapid increase in petrol consumption in years, as well as the current restrictions regarding meeting the increasing demand for petrol with production or via import, has made executive officials, including the Ministry of Oil, warn about the current trend. They have More
        The rapid increase in petrol consumption in years, as well as the current restrictions regarding meeting the increasing demand for petrol with production or via import, has made executive officials, including the Ministry of Oil, warn about the current trend. They have announced that if the current situation goes on, we will be faced with a crisis. Meeting such a demand is not possible both technically and financially, and we will soon encounter a dead lock situation while the increasing import of petrol is a burden to the annual budget. The availability of rich resources of natural gas in the country as an alternative to petrol to be used in public transport has made this issue one of the priorities of the energy sector. The were five scenarios assumed for the plan and the plan was studied in terms of whether or not implementing the plan would be economically beneficial in either of those scenarios. The current study analyzed the scenario in which the modification the taxis of Tehran(into running on natural gas) has been taken into consideration. Model results were analyzed according to the main scenario and the results showed that replacing natural gas with petrochemical products in the public transport is considerably beneficial, and that such a plan is economically justifiable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        875 - واکنش شرکت‌های فعال بورسی به تغییرات پولی و ارزی ( مطالعه موردی صنعت پتروشیمی)
        بیژن باصری غلامرضا عباسی محمدرضا مرکباتی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        876 - Developing Green Banking Model Based on Innovation Management Components for Sustainable Competitive Advantage
        فاطمه حجاران رضا رادفر علی دیواندری داوود فدایی
        10.30495/fed.2022.691510
        Abstract By promoting a sustainable environment and investing in social responsibility,the banking industry can provide sustainable development and benefit from it. The purpose of this study is to provide a green banking model based on innovation management to gain sus More
        Abstract By promoting a sustainable environment and investing in social responsibility,the banking industry can provide sustainable development and benefit from it. The purpose of this study is to provide a green banking model based on innovation management to gain sustainable competitive advantage in this industry. In this research, based on the effective components of&nbsp; the Green Banking Model (Hajjaran et al.,1397),a green banking model was presented and six standard questionnaires were used to assess the fit of the model and confirm the five-dimensional hypothesis of the research.Using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. The analyzes were performed on the data obtained from 310 questionnaires by a random sample from senior managers, middle managers and employees of the innovation,information technology sector of the selected banking industry. After implementing the model, the results show that increasing the component of innovation management will increase the amount of sustainable competitive advantage. Increasing the variable of innovation management as well as increasing green banking has increased the competitive advantage of sustainability. Also, increasing the green bank rules and regulations by increasing the green bank variable has increased the competitive advantage of the bank. Increasing the amount of Green Bank component and mediating senior management's environmental concerns maximizes sustainable competitive advantage and increasing innovation management and increasing environmental concerns of senior management will increase the sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        877 - Designing an investment policy model for competitiveness in the steel industry with a comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling approach
        S. Mohsen Abbasian Hossini Mahmood Modiri Kiamars Fathi Hafshjani S. Mahboubeh Jafari
        10.30495/fed.2023.700138
        Abstract One of the factors that can affect the improvement of competitive advantage in the steel industry is the explanation of effective policies to accelerate the attraction of investment. This research has been done with a mixed approach of qualitative and quantita More
        Abstract One of the factors that can affect the improvement of competitive advantage in the steel industry is the explanation of effective policies to accelerate the attraction of investment. This research has been done with a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative part, the investment policy factors were extracted by content analysis method and selected by the expert panel of experts by fuzzy Delphi method. In the quantitative part, the model was formed with a comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling approach. Data were obtained in the qualitative part using semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part through the pairwise comparison questionnaire. The research population consisted of experts including senior managers of the steel industry and 20 people were selected by purposive non-probabilistic sampling method and snowball technique. The results of the qualitative section showed that the factors of investment policy for competitiveness are in 14 categories, which based on the findings of comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling, the factors of "government rules and regulations", "establishment of standards in industry", "competitive strategy" "Industry", "industry financial structure", and "investment policy" can increase a higher level of competitive advantage for the steel industry, which highlights the importance of macro policies. On the other hand, investment policies for "knowledge management", "research and development", "marketing capabilities", and "risk management" are subject to macro-factors of investment policies that lead to competitive advantage. To be. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        878 - Interpretive structural modeling of brand performance with an approach to improve financial performance in industrial markets with a focus on the petrochemical industry
        Shahram Eshragh Narges Del Afroz Kambiz Shahroodi Yalda Rahmati
        10.30495/fed.2024.709380
        Abstract Purpose: Today, heavy competition in the petrochemical industry among countries requires that attention to the brand issue be given priority, especially companies related to the petrochemical industry in Iran due to the sanctions issues, can move by creating a More
        Abstract Purpose: Today, heavy competition in the petrochemical industry among countries requires that attention to the brand issue be given priority, especially companies related to the petrochemical industry in Iran due to the sanctions issues, can move by creating a strong industrial brand to protect their customers. In the present research, the design of the brand performance model in the petrochemical industry was discussed. Method: The research was conducted in a mixed method. The statistical population of the research included sales and marketing experts of 7 petrochemical companies, and 7 experts from these companies and 238 sales and marketing experts were considered as members of the statistical sample. By conducting interviews with brand experts in the petrochemical industry, as well as library studies, concepts and basic components of brand performance were identified. Among the 28 components identified from library studies, 11 components were identified in the expert analysis as components of the brand performance model, which were the basis of the analysis. Findings: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that among the 11 components mentioned, only 7 components significantly explain the performance of the brand. These 7 components are: sales efficiency, innovation in response, modeling, brand-oriented organizational capital, organizational competitive strategies, product quality, production and sales volume. Also, the results showed that the performance of the brand in the petrochemical industry is not in a favorable state in terms of innovation in customer response and production and sales volume. Conclusion: One of the consequences of improving the performance of the brand in this industry, according to the research model, can be mentioned the improvement of the quality level of the products, meeting the market expectations, increasing the commitment and loyalty of customers, favorable financial performance and the development and prosperity of the industry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        879 - A Comparative Study of Iran and South Korea's Policy on Automotive Industry
        Seyed Esmaeil Hosseinigoli Ahmad Saei
        Abstract: The automotive industry in Iran and South Korea began simultaneously at a particular time, but the achievements of the two countries are not comparable in this area. Korea was able to make a huge contribution to the global market, but Iran failed to achieve i More
        Abstract: The automotive industry in Iran and South Korea began simultaneously at a particular time, but the achievements of the two countries are not comparable in this area. Korea was able to make a huge contribution to the global market, but Iran failed to achieve its goals. In this article, we plan to examine the paths that the two countries have taken and examine the barriers to the success of the first and the causes of the success of the latter. For this purpose, we must look at the nature of the political system and, consequently, the economics of the political system and the policies of the two countries. Since the beginning of industrialization, especially in the automotive sector, Iran has always had a limited access system (consistent with Douglas North.) And rarely provided a platform for private sector entry into economic activity and the formation of competition. But South Korea, although initially had a limited access system, gradually shifted from fragile access to the base and then to the mature, and eventually became open access to the political system. The government of Korea, with the right solutions, could provide the necessary space to form a strong private sector in this field and compete Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        880 - Comparative Study on America and Policies Relating to Energy Security in Southern Caucasia
        Seyednurollah Mirashrafi Davoud Kiyani Ali Shirkhani
        AbstractNew geopolitics competition between the United States and Russia in order to control and reach energy resources and transfer lines are controversial in southern Caucasia. In recent years, in the field of the competition, the United States and Russia have been ma More
        AbstractNew geopolitics competition between the United States and Russia in order to control and reach energy resources and transfer lines are controversial in southern Caucasia. In recent years, in the field of the competition, the United States and Russia have been main actors of geopolitics play, oil play, and pipe line play or great play. Russia, as the earliest power to access the region oil transfer to the world market, has emphasized on its role and importance, placing traditional and monopolistic energy transfer to Europe in the center of its plans. The US, on the other hand, with the idea of predominating energy reserves and maintaining the security of pipe lines, follows the strategy of multiple pipe lines, while pivoting on the elimination of Russia from Southern Caucasia. With all this in mind, in this article, we are trying to research the two countries&rsquo; different policies in Southern Caucasia.Key words: Southern Caucasia, interaction of America and Russia policies, security of energy, transfer of energy, competition of the America and Russia Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        881 - New Cold War Rivalry between World Powers in Cyberspace
        Mohammadreza Mayeli Mohammadsaeid Bahmani
        Abstract If a few years ago, the Cold War arms competition between the great powers of the West and East, was the first concern of rulers and peoples of the world, but nowadays, cyber warfare and cyber arms competition, and not at all sides of the globe, the world has More
        Abstract If a few years ago, the Cold War arms competition between the great powers of the West and East, was the first concern of rulers and peoples of the world, but nowadays, cyber warfare and cyber arms competition, and not at all sides of the globe, the world has become a strategic issue. You can use the tools in this space and know that they will be used against you. For example, you use exactly the same tools that you can use to spy on you and you realize that this issue was not the main victim of your own. In this space, you can be sure that someone does not follow you and it may be harsh to use against you and your goals. Concepts of power and war, after a period of literature accumulated during the Cold War years of the last century and the beginning of the new millennium became paradigm of security - cultural - political areas. The Internet is considered to be the largest ever human-system design, engineering and implementation. This system is a vast network of millions of computers that have multiple users and multiple goals but ultimately a global network, and the unit is connected to the global scale and find the media and its role in stimulating social movements that quickly cuts across borders in and the social ills is not negligible. The importance of the internet for the world has doubled in cyber space. This paper attempts to analyze new cold war rivalry between world powers in cyberspace. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        882 - Mental Integration of Political Elites inside Government and Forming Stability in Political System
        Reza Jalali Mehdi Gholami
        Abstract A historical studies show the key role of elites in cultural, economic and social changes of the society. Attention of the most advanced countries is based on country elite&rsquo;s especially political elites of the ruler class who have a major role in the proc More
        Abstract A historical studies show the key role of elites in cultural, economic and social changes of the society. Attention of the most advanced countries is based on country elite&rsquo;s especially political elites of the ruler class who have a major role in the process of country decision-making and development. Then, this will shape in the shadow of stability in the society. In reality, political stability is an observer of the balance of nation demands from one side, and state function from other side. Other analyzers believe to the structural point of view which means the importance of political system. In their views, the system could give a direction to the political elites. Hence, this group is concentrating on the mental integration of political elites in terms of political stability. One of the major factors of stability in the political system is political elite&rsquo;s consensus of opinions inside the government. This paper is attempting to analyze and compare these views about mental integration of political elites inside government and forming stability in political system Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        883 - Investigation of Chilling Effects on Characteristics of Seed Germination, Vigor and Seedling Growth of Nepeta spp. Species
        Marzieh Asgari Mohsen Nasiri Ali Ashrafe Jafari Leila Flah Hoseini
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        884 - Fighting methods in the field of political competitions of the Islamic Republic of Iran (case study: the period of reformists and fundamentalists)
        علی جان مرادی جو
        &nbsp;Social forces are one of the most important ways to influence the process of political competition. Among the social forces, reformists and fundamentalists manage this influence through organizing these forces and by influencing the institutionalization of politic More
        &nbsp;Social forces are one of the most important ways to influence the process of political competition. Among the social forces, reformists and fundamentalists manage this influence through organizing these forces and by influencing the institutionalization of political participation through political parties and institutions and on the other hand, managing the activities of political organizations plays a role in the qualitative growth of political participation. They play a role. This process will eventually lead to political competition in the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article has been written with the aim of explaining the central slogan and methods of struggle in the field of political contests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In terms of methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study that has been used to collect information from library and documentary methods. In total, the results of the research show that the most important methods of reformists in political competitions are to use the press, to get the support of artists, writers, intellectuals and experts, to use the movements of women, students and youth, and the most important methods of fundamentalists in political competitions are to rely on mandatory votes. Use of religious boards and national media and white beard method to reach consensus. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        885 - Designing an Integrated Development Model to Evaluate the Marketing Capabilities Criteria in Tejarat Bank: Explain the Resource-Based View
        Sayed Mehdi Ahmadi Afshar abbas heidari mina jamshidi
        As the competitive environment becomes more complex and unpredictable, banks rely on using superior approaches and developing their competencies and capabilities in the face of uncertainty to create a competitive advantage and achieve business goals. From a resource-bas More
        As the competitive environment becomes more complex and unpredictable, banks rely on using superior approaches and developing their competencies and capabilities in the face of uncertainty to create a competitive advantage and achieve business goals. From a resource-based perspective, identifying a competitive position depends on identifying the sources of competitiveness to create a sustainable competitive advantage in the long run. The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the marketing capability indicators that have the greatest impact on the competitive advantage of Tejarat Bank. Based on the resource-based view, the marketing capabilitiy criteria were comprehensively identified through documentary study and with the help of fuzzy Delphi method and the opinion of 15 experts. In order to structure the relationships between the marketing capabilities criteria, Interpretive Structural Modeling was used and by developing an integrated model to measure the effectiveness of the.The results showed that &ldquo;external communications&rdquo; and &ldquo;analysis and formulation of the strategy&rdquo; crieria are important and vital criteria that are considered as the basis of marketing capability structure and have the effectiveness. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        886 - The Impact of International Entrepreneurship Orientation on International Performance Considering The Mediating Role of Network Capability’ Competitive Strategy And International Market Orientation.(Case of Study National Iranian Oil Company)
        Amin Dastpak Mostafa Mobaleghi
        The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of international entrepreneurship orientation on international performance, considering the role of mediating network capability, competitive strategy and international market orientation. The present study is of a pra More
        The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of international entrepreneurship orientation on international performance, considering the role of mediating network capability, competitive strategy and international market orientation. The present study is of a practical nature and because of the fact that it analyzes the status quo, the method used in this research is analytical-survey. The surveyed community is Iran's oil and gas company managers and staff, with 460 employees. According to the limited number of employees, 210 people were randomly selected from Cochran formula and a questionnaire was distributed among these people. For collecting data on theoretical foundations and extracting factors and indicators, library and internet resources including books, articles, and case studies were used. In inferential statistics, the indicators were first determined and extracted according to the dimensions. After checking the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the data were normalized using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Then, using the Structural Equation Modeling Test and Lisrel software, we analyzed the hypotheses. Based on the results, all assumptions were accepted. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        887 - Competitiveness and Business environment
        mohmmad kamalipour reza zeynalzadeh
        Competitiveness level in world countries is one of significant factors, which considers many of macro and microeconomic variables. This index plays a vital role in survival of every country and it is considered as a tool for achieving favorable economic growth and susta More
        Competitiveness level in world countries is one of significant factors, which considers many of macro and microeconomic variables. This index plays a vital role in survival of every country and it is considered as a tool for achieving favorable economic growth and sustainable development in any country.Hence, it is essential to study factors creating the proper field for competition between economic agents in order to make companies' activity more competitive in the industry and markets. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine effect of competitiveness on the business environment in selected Islamic countries. In this research, effect of basic requirement indicators, efficiency rise, innovation, government's consumption expenditure, liquidity and exchange rate changes were examined on business environment of 16 Islamic countries during 2000-2017. Panel data method with fixed effects was used to estimate the model. Statistical information associated with collected data were analyzed using Eviews10 Software. Research results showed that basic requirement indicators, efficiency and innovation rise had positive and significant effect on the business environment. recommended to government to provide essential infrastructures and improve the macroeconomic environment and other relevant indicators in order to have a competitive market. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        888 - The Evaluation of Market Competition in Iranian Banking System (Panzar and Rosse Approach)
        Hossein Sharifinia Hooshang Momeni Vesalian Alireza Daghighiasli Marjan Damankeshideh Majid Feshari
        &nbsp; The evaluation of market competition is one of the main issues in the industrial and monetary economics. So, the main objective of this article is to estimate the banking market structure in private and governmental banks during the period of 2006-2017. For achie More
        &nbsp; The evaluation of market competition is one of the main issues in the industrial and monetary economics. So, the main objective of this article is to estimate the banking market structure in private and governmental banks during the period of 2006-2017. For achieving this purpose, at the first step we computed the banking sector's market competition by Panzar-Rosse approach. In the second step we evaluated the impact of market competition on total revenue of banks by using dynamic panel data regression with generalized method of moment approach. The results of model estimation indicated that the market competition in thesae banks has been estimated over the 0.59. Henve, the market structure is similar to incomplete competition. Moreover, the lag of total revenue and equity return have positive and wage rate has negative impact on total revenue of banks during the period of study. Keywords: Market Competition, Banking System, Private and Government Owened Bank's. Panzar and Rosse Approach Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        889 - The Effect of Adaptation, Communication and Cooperation on Commitment and Trust and Their Role in Export Performance
        Sahba Banparvar zohreh mousavi kashi
        The main purpose of this study is to investigate effect of adaptation, communication and cooperation on commitment and trust and their role on export performance by considering the moderating role of inefficient competition. This study is categorized as applied and desc More
        The main purpose of this study is to investigate effect of adaptation, communication and cooperation on commitment and trust and their role on export performance by considering the moderating role of inefficient competition. This study is categorized as applied and descriptive. The statistical population was consisted of 600 managers and experts of companies exporting petroleum and petrochemical products in Tehran. According to the Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated to 234 people and for sampling, the available sampling method was used. Data collection was done by a questionnaire of Hasaballah et al. (2019), Li &amp; Zhang (2007) and Boso et al. (2019). The content validity of questionnaire was confirmed using Delphi model and expert's opinion and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) in Amos software. Findings showed that Adaptation, communication and cooperation have a positive and significant effect on trust and commitment in companies exporting petroleum and petrochemical products. Also, commitment and trust have a positive and significant effect on the export performance of these companies. In addition, the moderating role of inefficient competition in the relationship between trust and commitment to export performance was confirmed Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        890 - Analyzing the factors affecting the organizational culture in the country's petrochemical industries
        amirreza alizadeh majd mahboubeh Porgoo arefeh davoodi
        Organizational culture in the oil industry and especially in the petrochemical industry often becomes an issue among employees in the face of culture in achieving job satisfaction. The important issue is that the way such a situation is managed can turn it into an oppor More
        Organizational culture in the oil industry and especially in the petrochemical industry often becomes an issue among employees in the face of culture in achieving job satisfaction. The important issue is that the way such a situation is managed can turn it into an opportunity or a threat in the "organizational culture"of the petrochemical industry.Therefore, based on the conducted investigations, it was determined that the qualitative improvement of organizational culture in the oil and petrochemical industries has a paradigm model.The current research is based on a qualitative approach. The SIP model has been used in the qualitative approach, and the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview that was conducted with 17 experts and specialists using the snowball sampling method. The analysis of data was conducted in three stages and the qualitative model of the research was extracted from the mental patterns and opinions of people. The results showed that the oil industry needs a continuous and more conscious approach to create an organizational culture in order to organize its short-term, medium-term and long-term plans and prepare itself to face the market full of evolution and competition,and the probability of success and the coefficient of sustainability in increase the marke. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        891 - Investigating the role of marketing, innovation and R & D capabilities in creating the competitive advantage of a new product: the food industry
        Ebrahim Roushanghias reza sepahvand abdolkhalegh chenarestan olya ali pirzad
        In today's competitive world , organizations face many changes , so that these changes can affect the company's activities and performance . This study examines the relationship between organizational capabilities , competitive advantage and customer-based performance . More
        In today's competitive world , organizations face many changes , so that these changes can affect the company's activities and performance . This study examines the relationship between organizational capabilities , competitive advantage and customer-based performance . To collect data , 180 questionnaires were randomly distributed among managers of Mashhad food companies , of which 155 questionnaires were identified as suitable for analysis . In this study , the normality test , Pearson correlation and path analysis were used to determine the relationship between the research variables . The results showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational capabilities and competitive advantage . The research findings also show that there is a significant relationship between the components of competitive advantage and customer-based performance . The results indicate that organizational capabilities can be considered as a source of competitive advantage in the food industry and improve the company's performance . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        892 - Interpretive structural computational model (ISM) for identifying and classifying internal marketing management indicators
        Mohammadreza Dorrani Farshid Namamian
        The present study is aimed at identifying environmental and effective factors, internal strengths and weaknesses of the organization in order to implement the performance and ability of internal marketing on organizational and professional consequences in the Digital De More
        The present study is aimed at identifying environmental and effective factors, internal strengths and weaknesses of the organization in order to implement the performance and ability of internal marketing on organizational and professional consequences in the Digital Development Industries (Private Joint Stock Company). In this regard, descriptive-survey approaches and structural-interpretive model have been used to determine the organizational marketing management strategy, due to which environmental factors involved in the organization including material motivational factors, intangible motivational factors, environmental factors, appropriate tools and equipment, knowledge. And the expertise of personnel and managers, support and optimization, vision and organizational foresight have been identified. These factors have been prepared as input to the ISM model in the form of structural self-interaction matrices, achievements, and have been used to estimate the influence-dependency power diagram. The modeling results show that the material motivation factor has the most important effect on prioritization over other identified factors Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        893 - Determining the effective components of achieving sustainable competitive advantage through business intelligence
        Hosseainali Rezaeimanesh Ali Rezaeian Alireza Amirkabiri Hamid reza fartokzadeh
        The purpose of this study is to determine the components of achieving sustainable competitive advantage through business intelligence. The method of this research is qualitative and the method of data collection is through library studies and interviews among business i More
        The purpose of this study is to determine the components of achieving sustainable competitive advantage through business intelligence. The method of this research is qualitative and the method of data collection is through library studies and interviews among business intelligence experts and interview data collection tools are semi-structured and exploratory. The sampling method was purposeful and selected from 14 experts, experts and managers related to the research topic in Tehran Oil Refining Company. Fuzzy clustering method has been used for data analysis. In this paper, the factors and components affecting the achievement of sustainable competitive advantage through business intelligence in the form of a conceptual model of research have been developed. The most important limitation in identifying as many variables as can help in the formation of competitive advantage with respect to business intelligence is the inadequacy of studies conducted in the formation of competitive advantage with respect to business intelligenc Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        894 - Investigating the effect of organizational capabilities on competitive performance with the mediating role of organizational agility
        elnaz allaf jafari Alireza Rousta Aََhmad Royaei
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of organizational capabilities on organizational performance with the mediating role of organizational agility. The current research is descriptive-survey in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. The More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of organizational capabilities on organizational performance with the mediating role of organizational agility. The current research is descriptive-survey in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research was 200 employees and managers of Kavirmotor, and 128 people were selected using the Morgan-Karjesi table with a simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis was done with structural equation model and Smart Pls3 software. The results showed that the organizational capabilities have a significant effect on the organization's agility. Organizational agility has a significant impact on competitive performance. Also, organizational capabilities have a significant effect on competitive performance with the mediating role of organizational agility. Dynamic capability does not affect competitive performance. Therefore, the strengthening of organizational capabilities can accelerate the level of reactivity and flexibility of the organization to various developments and lead to the improvement of competitive performance. Also, using new marketing tools and better use of operational elements and giving importance to the skills and knowledge of different departments of the organization can be effective in organizational agility and consequently in improving performance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        895 - Analysis of the effect of environmental components on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry
        Meysam Saniefar Seyed Reza Salehiamiri Mehdi Elyasi Mehran Mokhtari Bayekolaie Seyed Abdollah Sajadijaghargh
        the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of environmental components on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistic More
        the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of environmental components on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study was small and medium business managers in the petrochemical industry. Questionnaires of this research were distributed among 39 managers in this field. The validity of pre-distribution research tools by professors and experts in the field of validation management as well as convergent validity has been calculated using the confirmatory factor analysis model and its reliability has been calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SMART PLS software using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Findings showed that environmental components have significant and positive effects on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. The findings also showed that the components of political / legal environment, economic environment, cultural / social environment and technological environment have a significant impact on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        896 - Optimization of petrol demand through pricing system and improving the efficiency of car engine (in the framework of autoregressive model with distribution intervals and error correction model in the period 1988 to 2016)
        Mohammad Reza Shahbazi Amir Hossein JanMohammadi Mahdi Sadeghi Shahdani,
        petrol consumption in Iran has an average annual growth of 2.8 percent during the years 1988 - 2016.A good understanding of effective factors on petrol consumption in the short - term and long term can pave the way for the adoption of appropriate policies in this area. More
        petrol consumption in Iran has an average annual growth of 2.8 percent during the years 1988 - 2016.A good understanding of effective factors on petrol consumption in the short - term and long term can pave the way for the adoption of appropriate policies in this area. Promoting performance and modification of consumption patterns is essential to respond to an increasing demand for gasoline consumption, which has been emphasized in the overall policies of the resistance economy.In this paper, the effect of variables of real petrol price, average real household income and car engine efficiency in the form of an econometric model using time series modeling in Iran during the period 1988-2016 has been studied.The model is estimated using the autoregressive model with distributed intervals and the error correction model. The results show that among the variables used, petrol consumption is inversely related to the actual price of gasoline and the efficiency of motor vehicles, and is also directly related to the average real household income. According to the results, the effect of 1% improvement in car engine efficiency in reducing fuel consumption is 17 times more than 1% increase in real petrol price in reducing fuel consumption. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        897 - Presenting the model of B2B content marketing in line with the firm's competitiveness objectives
        Shahrzad Yaghtin Hossein Safarzadeh Mehdi Karimi zand
        Over recent years, business-to-business (B2B) firms have been growingly using digital content marketing to strengthen their relationships with customers. However, most companies disregard the importance of aligning the content marketing strategy with their competitivene More
        Over recent years, business-to-business (B2B) firms have been growingly using digital content marketing to strengthen their relationships with customers. However, most companies disregard the importance of aligning the content marketing strategy with their competitiveness goals. Furthermore, no previous research has been performed to provide a comprehensive framework to implement content marketing in line with the firm&rsquo;s competitiveness objectives. Hence, this research aims to theoretically contribute to content marketing literature by presenting a conceptual model for planning B2B digital content marketing strategy in line with the firm&rsquo;s competitiveness goals. For this, a conceptual review was conducted. In light of our findings from this review, effective factors for implementing successful B2B content marketing were identified. Then, the main pillars of B2B content marketing in line with the firms&rsquo; competitiveness goals were extracted. Next, the conceptual model of the research was presented. Finally, the relationships between identified variables of the model were tested using the Partial Least Squares method in Smart PLS. Based on our findings, we argue that in order to implement effective digital content marketing in B2B contexts, it is essential to deploy an integrated approach that considers customers&rsquo; needs as well as the competitiveness goals of the firm. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        898 - Risk Identification and Analysis Based on the Integrated Approach of PMBOK and RFMEA in Petrochemical Industry Projects
        Masoud Najmi Hasan Mehrmanesh Nosratollah Shadnoush
        Nowadays, as projects become more complex, uncertainty in the implementation of projects also increases. Project risk includes threats to project goals. Risk management is one of the main parts of strategic management of any project and includes processes through which More
        Nowadays, as projects become more complex, uncertainty in the implementation of projects also increases. Project risk includes threats to project goals. Risk management is one of the main parts of strategic management of any project and includes processes through which risks related to activities can be identified methodically. The main purpose of this study is to identify and analyze risk, using the integrated approach of PMBOK and RFMEA methods in petrochemical industry projects. The statistical population consists of employer, contract management, engineering consultant, and contractors of the Kermanshah petrochemical industries company. Of whom 10 were selected for the qualitative part and 248 were selected for the quantitative part (regression analysis). Questionnaires were handed to the selected population. 220 of which, were filled out and returned acceptably. As a result, a total of 22 risks were identified as critical risks (with RPN of 1) and the role of management, organizational, and environmental factors in risk management was investigated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        899 - Provide a model of strategic marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the banking industry based on the foundation data approach
        Vahid javaheri abbas heydari Bahram Kheiri
        The present study aims to provide a model of strategic marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the banking industry based on the foundation data approach. The research method is qualitative and based on data theory of the foundation. Semi-structured int More
        The present study aims to provide a model of strategic marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the banking industry based on the foundation data approach. The research method is qualitative and based on data theory of the foundation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. Sampling was theoretical sampling method and was done using targeted (judgmental) techniques. According to the systematic model of data foundation theory, 15 people were selected for the statistical community of experts and managers with experience in the banking industry. The findings of this study indicate that for the successful implementation of a strategic marketing model based on competitive advantage Develop a positive understanding of marketing more in the field of competitive advantage activities. They can also provide a better picture of their services by emphasizing strategic marketing capabilities in order to pay attention to competitive patterns and take steps to develop a competitive advantage. In addition, this study warns managers about the need to pay attention to strategic marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the banking industry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        900 - Conceptual framework of export marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage
        mahboubeh derakhshandeh kamel kamali masoureh aligholi
        Inadequate export performance of Iranian companies has always been one of the concerns of business managers. In this regard, the present study aims to develop a conceptual framework of export marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the food industry. Th More
        Inadequate export performance of Iranian companies has always been one of the concerns of business managers. In this regard, the present study aims to develop a conceptual framework of export marketing capabilities based on competitive advantage in the food industry. This study is an applied goal in terms of implementation method in the form of a descriptive-survey research with a cross-sectional approach. The statistical population includes the senior managers, deputies and supervisors of the top 10 export companies of 191 people, of which a sample of 130 people was selected using the Cochran's formula. In this study, a questionnaire including 7 dimensions and 36 questions was used to collect information to test the hypotheses. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using content validity method and convergent validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability. To test the hypotheses, the partial least squares technique and Smart PLS software were used. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that marketing capabilities have a positive and significant effect on product innovation, distribution channels . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        901 - A strategy for performance enhancement of Iranian knowledge-based companies
        Kazem Mohammaddoost Hamid Reza Saeednia Ahmad Rahchamani
        The early models of economic growth were mostly based on hardware factors of production such as physical capital, but in the new models of growth, other soft factors such as capital of knowledge are located in front of leading organizations. Knowledge-based companies co More
        The early models of economic growth were mostly based on hardware factors of production such as physical capital, but in the new models of growth, other soft factors such as capital of knowledge are located in front of leading organizations. Knowledge-based companies consider knowledge and technology as an integral part of their core assets and they use the process of creating, distributing and applying knowledge to advance their business This research is a mixed method and includes both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative part of the research, while studying the documents, theoretical literature review, conducting library studies and interviewing experts and owners of knowledge-based companies in Iran, has been used from capabilities of MAXQDA 2020 software and then grounded theory (GT) method to encode the interviews is designed and presented special model Market orientation for such companies. In quantitative part, the capability of SPSS software to analyze descriptive statistics and Smart PLS3 software has been used for analyze inferential data, test of research hypotheses, and determine the validity and fitness of the conceptual model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        902 - Identifying factors affecting the development of international markets with a combined approach (case study: petrochemical products)
        Mostafa Ahmadzadeh Abdullah Naami Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi
        The purpose of this research is to identify the factors influencing the development of international markets of petrochemical products. In order to achieve this goal, using a mix method research approach, the factors influencing the international markets of petrochemica More
        The purpose of this research is to identify the factors influencing the development of international markets of petrochemical products. In order to achieve this goal, using a mix method research approach, the factors influencing the international markets of petrochemical products were identified. First, the research method was qualitative and grounded theory. For this purpose, 20 experts of the petrochemical industry were interviewed and 106 concepts were identified, which were placed in 21 categories and 6 dimensions. The 9 factors identified as causal conditions are: price factors, influential groups, ability of the export manager, geographical factors, host company conditions, competitive conditions, production factors, product conditions and strategy and company status. In addition, 5 macroeconomic factors, government policies, export laws, industry-related factors and export macro challenges were extracted as background conditions. In the quantitative part, the obtained model was validated using Lisrel software with a sample of 212. The results showed that all nine factors have a positive effect on the result of the financial performance obtained in the research model. Also, 8 causal factors showed a positive effect on the outcome of the brand image. But the role of the host country was not confirmed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        903 - Analysis of the relationship between intellectual capital and competitive power factors(changes in ROA and company sales)
        Mahdi Goodarzi Aliakbar Chaharmahali Ehsan Rahmaninia Hashem Nikoomaram محسن امینی خوزانی
        The intellectual capital role on success of companies emphasizes addressing the issue of intellectual capital. Also, disclosure of this type of capital is important since it can affect the decisions of investors and financiers and subsequently the optimal allocation of More
        The intellectual capital role on success of companies emphasizes addressing the issue of intellectual capital. Also, disclosure of this type of capital is important since it can affect the decisions of investors and financiers and subsequently the optimal allocation of resources, which leads to competitive advantage creation for companies. Furthermore, involvement of some factors affect the relationship between intellectual capital and companies' competitiveness. The purpose of this research is explaining some of these factors&rsquo; role and importance including strategic management accounting and political connections in process of influencing intellectual capital on asset returns and sales from the dimensions of companies' competitiveness. Findings have shown that in addition to the existence of a significant positive relationship between intellectual capital and asset returns and sales from the dimensions of competitive power, strategic management accounting also has an increasing moderating role in the relationship between intellectual capital and these dimensions of competitive power. Also, the political connections has a moderating role in the positive relationship between intellectual capital and sales dimension of competitiveness. The Results of this research emphasize the importance of two factors of strategic management accounting and political connections and their control in the relationship between intellectual capital and companies&rsquo; competitiveness. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        904 - Designing and Validating the Structural Model of Factors Affecting Risk Appetite Based on the Grounded Theory Paradigm
        Milad Nikkhah Mehdi Beshkooh Hossein kazemi
        10.30495/faar.2023.1995491.3728
        The present study aims to design and validate a structural model for factors affecting risk appetite in accepted banks in the stock exchange based on the grounded theory paradigm. In this regard, the research data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 1 More
        The present study aims to design and validate a structural model for factors affecting risk appetite in accepted banks in the stock exchange based on the grounded theory paradigm. In this regard, the research data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts in the field of accounting. The experts were selected using snowball sampling (in the first step) and theoretical sampling (in the second step). The collected data were analyzed and resulted in 100 concepts and 13 categories reaching theoretical saturation. The qualitative findings of this research, according to the elements of the Strauss and Corbin&#039;s grounded theory paradigm (1990), revealed that causal conditions include organizational factors and organizational maturity. Contextual conditions encompass the expansion and extension of communications. Intervening conditions involve risk management status, improvement of risk appetite framework, appropriate risk approaches, relevant risks in the bank, laws and regulations, and supervisory expectations. The central phenomenon or core concept includes risk strategy supervision and feedback, and action/interaction strategies consist of managerial methods. Consequences involve organizational growth and sustainability. Two assessment methods were used to validate the constructed model and research findings: communicative assessment and discriminative (diagnostic) assessment. For reliability assessment, repeatability and transferability were employed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        905 - Firm Risk Management and Firm Performance by the Role of Competitive Advantage and Financial Literacy
        Zohreh Arefmanesh Zohreh Arefmanesh Hamed Shokohi
        10.30495/faar.2022.693670
        AbstractImportant changes in business environment and acceleration of technological change have made the business environment very complex and uncertain. Risk management is one of the solutions for companies to deal with uncertainty in the business environment, which ha More
        AbstractImportant changes in business environment and acceleration of technological change have made the business environment very complex and uncertain. Risk management is one of the solutions for companies to deal with uncertainty in the business environment, which has an effective role in maintaining and improving efficiency and effectiveness and, consequently, improving company performance. In addition, risk management is an important factor in controlling costs and diversification product and, consequently, achieving competitive advantage that leads to better performance. However, presence of financially educated managers (financial literacy of managers) in the risk management process facilitates achieving competitive advantage and better performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between enterprise risk management and company performance with mediating role of competitive advantage and moderating role of financial literacy in manufacturing firms of Yazd industrial town. Data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results of 220 completed questionnaires show that the relationship between competitive advantage and company performance is not statistically significant, but risk management has a positive and significant relationship with competitive advantage and company performance. Also, the relationship between financial literacy and competitive advantage is positive and significant. The mediating role of competitive advantage in the relationship between risk management and company performance is not confirmed, but the moderating role of financial literacy in the relationship between risk management and competitive advantage is accepted. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        906 - The Relationship between the Product Market Competition and Information Asymmetry; Structural Equation Modeling Approach
        اکبر کنعانی رضوان حجازی مهرداد قنبری بابک جمشیدی نوید
        Since competition in the product market is one of the factors influencing the decisions of managers and investors, it is therefore considered as an important component in the reduction of information asymmetry in terms of insiders and outsiders decision making.The purpo More
        Since competition in the product market is one of the factors influencing the decisions of managers and investors, it is therefore considered as an important component in the reduction of information asymmetry in terms of insiders and outsiders decision making.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competition in product market on information asymmetry.The statistical population of this research is the companies accepted in the TSE &nbsp;by using structural equation modeling approach. In order to measure the level of competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and to measure the information asymmetry, Bid-Ask criteria and firm size, earning forecast error and growth opportunities was used. After assuring the ability to measure the information asymmetry variable by the indicated indicators as well as the appropriate fit for the measurement and structural model of the research, the results indicate that the level of competition in the product market has a significant effect on the information asymmetry. In other words, with increasing competition in the product market, information asymmetry decreases. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        907 - The Effect of Passive Institutional Ownership Focus, CEO Tenure and Product Market Competition on the Relationship between Distracted Passive Institutional Investors and Firms Transparency
        Ali Badiee Nezhad Afsaneh Tavangar
        10.30495/faar.2022.693676
        AbstractDisclosure of information plays a key role in the correct and informed decisions of various user groups, especially investors, but economic units without external pressures and legal and professional requirements, are reluctant to disclose sufficient information More
        AbstractDisclosure of information plays a key role in the correct and informed decisions of various user groups, especially investors, but economic units without external pressures and legal and professional requirements, are reluctant to disclose sufficient information because disclosure of information is costly(Pourheidari, and.Foroughi, 2019).This study examines the effect of distracted passive institutional shareholders on firm transparency by considering the level of concentration of passive institutional ownership, product market competition and the tenure of the CEO.In this study, using data from 150 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, the issue was investigated.To test the research hypotheses, multivariate regression models were used with panel data method and fixed effects approach.The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that distracted passive institutional investors has negative and significant effect on the firm transparency and despite the fact that the ownership concentration of passive institutional investors in both levels of concentration more than 5% and concentration more than 15% have aposotive and significant Have a posotive and significant effect on firm transparency, but distrated institutional investors only in companies with a level of passive institutional ownership concentration of more than 15%, has a negative and significant effect on companies' with information transparency.Also, based on the results of testing research hypotheses, Distractedpassive institutional investors in companies with new CEOs has a posotive and significant effect on the firmstransparency,However, in companies with competitive product market level, it does not have a significant effect on companies' firm transparency. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        908 - Strong Shareholder Rights, Internal Capital Allocation Efficiency, and the Moderating Role of Market Competition and External Financing Needs
        Fereshteh Feizabadi
        10.30495/faar.2023.707974
        Abstract Nowdays, the capital market in developing countries is considered as a tool to increase investment and economic growth. Since efficiency is the main and most The purpose of this study was to Investigate strong shareholder rights on the internal capital allocat More
        Abstract Nowdays, the capital market in developing countries is considered as a tool to increase investment and economic growth. Since efficiency is the main and most The purpose of this study was to Investigate strong shareholder rights on the internal capital allocation efficiency, the role of competition and external financing in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.The spatial domain of this research was the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange . In this research, the rights of the strong shareholders of the independent variable and the efficiency of internal capital allocation&nbsp; of the dependent variable were considered..In the data section of the study, data were collected from sample companies by referring to financial statements, explanatory notes and stock exchange monthly.Based on systematic elimination method, 100 companies were selected as statistical sample.Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe and summarize the data collected.In order to analyze the data, pre-tests of variance homogeneity, F-Lemer test, Hausman test, and Dicky-Fuller &nbsp;test and then multivariate regression test were used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (EViews&nbsp; software).The results showed that strong shareholder rights significantly increase the internal capital allocation efficiency.However, the moderating effect of market competition and external financing needs is not found to be significant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        909 - Optimal Location of Surge Arresters in Distribution Network Considering Reliability and Technical and Economic Factors to Reduce Costs using ICA Algorithm
        Mehrdad Ahmadi Kamarposhti AbasAli Hejri
        10.30495/ijsee.2021.681962
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        910 - Solving Economic Dispatch in Competitive Power Market Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
        Hossein Lotfi Ali Dadpour Mahdi Samadi
        IJSEE-1705-1054
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        911 - Efficient Data Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms for Cloud Computing Application
        Hamid Malmir Fardad Farokhi Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        912 - Liqidity risk management in open market operations with GlueVaR criteria
        Rasoul khoshbin Farzin Rezaei Mohammad Ali Rastegarsorkheh
        Due to the prevalence of granting interbank credit for collateral in order to start open market operations (OMO) in Iran and the need for more liquidity risk management in banks, in this study to manage liquidity risk in interbank payment systems, from the statistical c More
        Due to the prevalence of granting interbank credit for collateral in order to start open market operations (OMO) in Iran and the need for more liquidity risk management in banks, in this study to manage liquidity risk in interbank payment systems, from the statistical community Daily Data of New Payment Systems in the Banking Industry and Statistical Sample of the Time Series The sum of the daily data balances of the payment systems of an Iranian bank from 01/01/94 to 05/31/1398 has been used. Then, according to the data structure and the fact that the time series were not the sums of the normal payment systems, the GlueVaR criterion was used, which was introduced to eliminate the shortcomings of the two CVaR and VaR criteria and is a linear combination of them. Accordingly, the Liquidity Risk appetite chart has been reported with six different scenarios so that banks can store the cash flow of liquid assets in proportion to their attitude. The results show using the GlueVaR criterion to manage liquidity risk, due to the use of two different levels of confidence and two metrics of risk and expected loss, has the necessary flexibility for different attitudes towards liquidity risk. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        913 - Stock portfolio optimization using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) under Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR)
        Arezou Karimi sara goodarzi dahrizi
        The choice of stock portfolio is a special issue in the field of investment. Given the wide range of options in the stock market, one of the major concerns of investment groups is the optimal allocation of assets. Therefore, most of these collections use portfolio selec More
        The choice of stock portfolio is a special issue in the field of investment. Given the wide range of options in the stock market, one of the major concerns of investment groups is the optimal allocation of assets. Therefore, most of these collections use portfolio selection models. The conditional value at Risk, which is one of the models of portfolio selection, follows the Quadratic Programming. Given that Quadratic Programming requires extensive computations, the use of metaheuristic algorithms in solving these problems increases the speed and accuracy of computations. The aim of this study is to minimize the Conditional Value at Risk by using two algorithms of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. Therefore, using 800 days of data from 12 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2/5/92 to 1/28/98, portfolio has been formed, and the weight of each stock in the optimal portfolio and the risk and return of the portfolio has been calculated using MATLAB2018 software. Then, using SPSS software, the average difference between risk and return of the two algorithms was tested.The results showed that the risk and return of the two algorithms were not statistically significant,. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        914 - Design and Explain Stock Market Liquidity Model of Product Market Competition Based on Adaptive Econometric Model and Fuzzy Logic Approach
        hassan Heydari Sultan Abadi hossein panahian
        One of the risks associated with a company's stock is liquidity. Stock with high liquidity are attractive to shareholders and investors and increase demand. Stock liquidity is one of the most effective measures of market efficiency, especially in terms of information an More
        One of the risks associated with a company's stock is liquidity. Stock with high liquidity are attractive to shareholders and investors and increase demand. Stock liquidity is one of the most effective measures of market efficiency, especially in terms of information and is widely used in examining the factors affecting the supply of useful information. in this study, we designed and explained the stock liquidity model with respect to the product competition component. To select the sample, all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2019 are surveyed. not eligible were removed. Ten main variables affecting liquidity based on previous research were entered into the research model and the hypotheses were tested using regression model. Then, stock liquidity model was introduced through teaching and learning in Fuzzy neural network, which is an analytical-mathematical research method. The prediction obtained from fuzzy neural network is very accurate due to the comprehensive search method and the final model is confirmed with adjusted coefficient of determination of 77%. According to the results, liquidity depends on five influential factors including stock return, firm size, investment opportunity, Herfindahl Hirschman index and Lerner index Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        915 - Risk modeling of financing structure according to probabilistic decision theory through ANP
        Hamidreza Iravani Hamidreza Kordlouie Freydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Narges Yazdanian
        Different types of risks threaten financial and credit institutions. Therefore, managers of organizations must identify and manage the existing risks. The risk that directly affects the profitability of financial and credit institutions is called financial risk. Financi More
        Different types of risks threaten financial and credit institutions. Therefore, managers of organizations must identify and manage the existing risks. The risk that directly affects the profitability of financial and credit institutions is called financial risk. Financial risks include: balance sheet structure risks, income and profitability structure, capital adequacy, credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk and exchange rate risk. Banking industry is one of the most sifnificant and critical section of economics which faces many sorts of risk. Financial structur risk is the most threating one that in case of non centrolling will lead to bankruptcy . the purpose of study is modeling risk in compaliance with finance structure in money market based of probabilistic decition theory. The populational of the research is experts and bank fanciancial statements after reviewing the literature all the aspects of risks and also financial ratios are being identifined. After gathering data ANP techinques are being app;ied . resuls show that the srquence of risks are, market , credit, liquidity, capital. The significance of risks are as follow: credit, capital, liquidity, income disturbution, market and systematic. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        916 - Multi-Asset Portfolio Optimization based on Conditional Value at Risk using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
        Somayeh Mousavi Abbasali Jafari-Nodoushan Marzieh Kazemi-Rashnani Mahsa Mohammadtaheri
        Multi-asset portfolio management and optimization have always been of interest to investors. Due to the inflation in Iran market, different performance of the asset classes in different market conditions and the ability to earn more profit along with less risk by divers More
        Multi-asset portfolio management and optimization have always been of interest to investors. Due to the inflation in Iran market, different performance of the asset classes in different market conditions and the ability to earn more profit along with less risk by diversifying the types of assets, it seems necessary to select a portfolio consisting of stocks, foreign currency and commodities. In this paper, assets of the above categories, including Emami coins, American dollar, and 11 sector indices, are considered in the portfolio composition. Due to the importance of the risk measure in multi-asset portfolio optimization, a model with conditional value at risk, the historical simulation approach has been extended and its efficiency has been compared with the mean-variance model. The models have been solved using the artificial bee colony and imperialist competitive algorithms. The daily asset prices in the period 2013 to 2020 have been used to evaluate the models in Iran market. Results show that the mean-conditional value at risk model performs better than the mean-variance in the training and testing periods. Furthermore, optimized portfolios with the artificial bee colony algorithm could outperform the imperialist competitive algorithm based on the Sharpe ratio, conditional Sharpe ratio, and return on risk. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        917 - Place Marketing through Urban Entrepreneurship Approach (Case Study: Rasht Historic Cultural Axiom)
        Vahid Feizkhah Behzad Malekpour Asl
        10.30495/jsps.2023.1984446.1044
        In the age of globalization and information and due to the emergence of a networked society, cities today are known as the main place of production and consumption in the world. Hence, there is a wide competition for financial and human capital among the cities of the w More
        In the age of globalization and information and due to the emergence of a networked society, cities today are known as the main place of production and consumption in the world. Hence, there is a wide competition for financial and human capital among the cities of the world. Due to this, new and innovative concepts such as "place marketing" and "place branding" have been proposed to use the maximum capacity of the place to attract fluid capital. This study seeks to study the theory of place marketing with an urban entrepreneurship approach by studying theoretical texts and global experiences, and by presenting a theoretical model using the "structural equation modeling" method to achieve location marketing with an entrepreneurial approach. A city in the city of Rasht and the study of its spatial requirements in the selected study sample, ie, "Historical and cultural axis of Rasht Municipality" with emphasis on the theory of agglomeration, to explain how to achieve place marketing through an urban entrepreneurship approach. The results showed that based on Pearson correlation, the concepts of promoting place brand to attract capital, private sector participation in entrepreneurship, creativity capital, place knowledge-dependency and vitality of local economy have the highest correlation with dependent variable, ie place marketing through urban entrepreneurship approach at level 0.05. The reliability test of the proposed model was evaluated by two methods. The factor load of each index was above 0.5 which was significant at the level of 0.50 and confirmed the reliability of the model and Cronbach's alpha test for the variables which obtained 0.7 numbers which confirm the reliability of the model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        918 - Antecedents and Consequences of Internal Audit Effectiveness and Internal Audit Quality
        Hamidreza Ganji seyed rasoul hosayni marzie roozban sara mohamad zadeh niayesh nami fard tehrani
        10.30495/jdaa.2023.699870
        &nbsp;AbstractThe Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) Of Iran has considered the mission of the internal audit to provide independent and impartial assurance and consulting services, in order to add value and improve operations. and, in 2013, all listed firms to More
        &nbsp;AbstractThe Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) Of Iran has considered the mission of the internal audit to provide independent and impartial assurance and consulting services, in order to add value and improve operations. and, in 2013, all listed firms to the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and over-the-counter (IFB) has required to form internal audit. The purpose of research is to investigate the impact of effectiveness of internal audit on the quality of internal audit in companies listed in TSE. For this purpose, 12 hypotheses were developed. It is worth mentioning that the "effectiveness of internal audit" variable was classified into three sections including "competence, independence, realism" and "consequences" into three sections including "management support, support and acceptance of the auditor and interdepartmental coordination of internal auditors". It is also worth mentioning that collecting information regarding the "quality of internal audit" variable. due to insufficient disclosure of information, requires to each firms, either the manager or one of the employees of the internal audit or of the committee members was asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of 32 internal audit quality criteria in 2021. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling using SmartPLS software. Findings show that the records and results of internal audit effectiveness have a positive and significant effect on the quality of internal audit. This study contributes to agency theory by highlighting factors related to internal audit effectiveness and quality audit outcomes to protect the best interests of managers while fulfilling corporate governance requirements. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        919 - Presenting the model of professional competencies of the teachers of the University of Applied Sciences
        مجتبی معظمی نورالدین کاظمی اسماعیل کاووسی نازنین بنی اسدی
        10.30495/mlseo.2021.683875
        This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, the qualitative method of content analysis (deductive) has been used to collect information. The statistical population in thi More
        This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, the qualitative method of content analysis (deductive) has been used to collect information. The statistical population in this stage is about 80 sources in the field of professional competencies of university lecturers, which have been purposefully selected. In this study, 28 experts and faculty members of Tehran universities (full time and tuition) in the fields of educational management and higher education as a statistical sample using targeted snowball sampling method to determine the validity of the qualitative stage. were considered. At the end of the first stage, the qualitative model of professional competencies of the teachers of the University of Applied Sciences in nine dimensions of specialized knowledge competencies, teaching competencies, professional competencies competencies, professional skills competencies, professional attitude competencies, social competencies, cultural competencies, organizational knowledge competencies and communication competencies شد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        920 - Factor Analysis of Effective Factors in Creating a Competency Model for Principals for Entrepreneurial Schools
        Marzieh Jamei Yadollah Mehralizadeh Nasrollah Ghashghaeizadeh Mohammad Hosseinpour
        10.30495/mlseo.2022.696969
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the effective factors in creating a competency model for principals for entrepreneurial schools. Its statistical population included school principals. The sample size was selected with Sample power 320 software. From the methodo More
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the effective factors in creating a competency model for principals for entrepreneurial schools. Its statistical population included school principals. The sample size was selected with Sample power 320 software. From the methodological point of view, the method used is quantitative, which has been done using two approaches of factor analysis. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed and validated by the researcher based on the collective opinion of experts in the field and was selected. To obtain the validity of this questionnaire, in addition to content validity, the validity of the structure was obtained using the first stage confirmatory factor analysis. To determine the reliability of different sections, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which was 0.86, which indicates the appropriateness of the research tool. SPSS23 and Smart PLS 2 software were used for statistical analysis of data. In order to identify the effective factors in creating a competency model for principals for entrepreneurial schools, type R factor analysis was used. The research results indicate that the fitted model of the research includes 13 components and factors (mission, vision, values, goals, communication network, organizational culture, personality traits, technical skills, human skills, perceptual skills, specialized competencies, Behavioral competencies (performance management) are effective in creating a model of principal competence for entrepreneurial schools. Also, the overall GOF index of the model fit was 0.534. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        921 - Identifying the Indicators of Competency for Managers of Islamic Azad University of Khuzestan Province with the Approach of Virtual Education
        Hadi Kazeruni Shamiri, saeid moradi jamal salimi asfandyar doshmanziari Batool Faghih Aram
        10.30495/mlseo.2022.692916
        This research was conducted with the aim of designing and presenting a model of competency for managers of the Islamic Azad University of Khuzestan province with the approach of virtual education. The research method of this study is a mixed research. The statistical po More
        This research was conducted with the aim of designing and presenting a model of competency for managers of the Islamic Azad University of Khuzestan province with the approach of virtual education. The research method of this study is a mixed research. The statistical population studied in the qualitative part of the research was based on grounded theory. The statistical population of all the experts who have at least 5 years of managerial experience, experts in the field of meritocracy, and have experience and publications, 30 people were selected as a sample using the purposeful snowball sampling method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and in the 30th interview, the data reached theoretical saturation and the interviews were stopped.The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that the competency components of the Islamic Azad University of Khuzestan led to the identification of 186 items, 12 components and 4 dimensions. Expert-knowledge competencies (educational competencies, research competencies, scientific competencies, skill competencies), communicative competencies (individual competencies, organizational competencies, social competencies), Structural-professional competency (technological competencies, intellectual competencies, personality competencies) moral-value competencies (doctrinal competencies, spiritual competencies "religious and cultural"). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        922 - Concepts and categories of a competent leader model in rural and nomadic multi-grade schools of the Ministry of Education of Iran
        noormohammad soltani mohammadreza rabieemondajin mohammad hakak mina Jamshidi Avanki
        10.30495/mlseo.2022.692216
        The present study was conducted to design a suitable model for the competencies of educational leaders of rural and nomadic primary schools of the Ministry of Education of Iran. This research is based on the purpose of developmental and applied research and in terms of More
        The present study was conducted to design a suitable model for the competencies of educational leaders of rural and nomadic primary schools of the Ministry of Education of Iran. This research is based on the purpose of developmental and applied research and in terms of nature and methodology is one of the combined research that has been done in two stages: qualitative and quantitative. In the first stage, qualitative research based on data theory and using a purposeful approach and applying saturation criteria, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 participants for a total of 1044 minutes and the data theory theory method was used to analyze the interviews. Is. A total of 684 open source or primary code was extracted. From a total of open source, 112 basic concepts were extracted. In the next stage, the basic concepts were classified into 22 coherent categories according to the aspects of similarity and semantic difference. In the second stage, quantitative research by preparing a researcher-made questionnaire includes 112 specialized questions with a five-point Likert scale. These questions are classified into 22 sub-structures and 6 main structures. With high validity and reliability. Cronbach's alpha of all variables was greater than 0.7. The final questionnaire with a sample of 311 people was distributed among the educational leaders of rural and nomadic schools. Raw data obtained from the statistical population have been analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques of SPSS and Smart PLS software and the conceptual model of the research has been finalized. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        923 - Multiobjective Imperialist Competitive Evolutionary Algorithm for Solving Nonlinear Constrained Programming Problems
        chunan liu
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        924 - USING PG ELEMENTS FOR SOLVING FREDHOLM INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
        Majid Karami
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        925 - DYNAMIC COMPLEXITY OF A THREE SPECIES COMPETITIVE FOOD CHAIN MODEL WITH INTER AND INTRA SPECIFIC COMPETITIONS
        N. Ali Santabrata Chakravarty
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        926 - Providing a model for identifying and attracting primary school principals in Tehran
        B. Moradi B. Moradi , A. Khorshidi , A. Khorshidi , L. Abassi Servak , L. Abassi Servak
        AbstractThe Purpose of this study was to provide a model for identifying and attracting primary school principals in Tehran. If an organization does not have a program for attracting and employing trained human resources in line with the current business requirements, t More
        AbstractThe Purpose of this study was to provide a model for identifying and attracting primary school principals in Tehran. If an organization does not have a program for attracting and employing trained human resources in line with the current business requirements, the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization's human resources programs and policies will suffer irreparable damage. In order to achieve the first two goals, the researcher has used the qualitative method and to achieve the third goal, he has used the quantitative survey method. Therefore, this research is in the category of mixed research. The sample of the qualitative section included 30 specialists, education experts and university professors in Tehran who were selected via purposive sampling. In the quantitative part of the sample using Morgan and Krejcie&rsquo;s Table, 134 individuals were estimated who were randomly selected and evaluated using a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of the qualitative part were analyzed using the coding process, which finally included 200 indicators, 17 components and four dimensions of managerial competence, social competence, individual competence and final absorption. The findings of the quantitative section confirmed the qualitative findings. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        927 - Structured analysis of competency management on organizational agility in educational systems (review article)
        parisa asghari Mohammad Salehi , Kiumars Niazazari
        Today's world is the world of organizations and human power, as the most valuable organization-oriented resource, has been the focus of organizational approaches and activities. Human resources can act for the organization as an efficient and continuous force in a compe More
        Today's world is the world of organizations and human power, as the most valuable organization-oriented resource, has been the focus of organizational approaches and activities. Human resources can act for the organization as an efficient and continuous force in a competitive advantage. To realize organizational goals, efficient people should be in control. Additionally, organizational agility is the ability of the organization to survive and progress in an environment with continuous and unpredictable changes. Therefore, in order to achieve organizational agility, organizations, including universities, need people who have the necessary ability, knowledge and management skills. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of structural analysis of competence management on organizational agility in educational systems. It is a review study that is done through searching in databases of Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier and Eric between 2000 and 2022. The articles have been searched based on keywords of review, competence management and organizational agility. The results showed that competency management can influence organizational agility. Therefore, by using the competency management approach, educational systems can be directed towards agility. The findings suggest that authorities of educational systems prioritize competence management in all matters so that they can improve their organizations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        928 - Designing an Integrated Development Model for Assessing Coaching Competency Indicators in Educational Centers Using Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach (Case Study: Units and Centers of Islamic Azad University of West Azarbaijan Province)
        Soror Heydari Aghjivan Kolsom Kianniya
        Coaching as a method of management development and a strategy for improving performance has been growing recently among managers of organizations. One of the most important research needs in this field is to identify factors affecting the success of coaching, in a pract More
        Coaching as a method of management development and a strategy for improving performance has been growing recently among managers of organizations. One of the most important research needs in this field is to identify factors affecting the success of coaching, in a practical and evaluable model in order to commit to manpower by using coaching skills and achieve individual and organizational performance. However, there is no research or literature on which of the factors of coaching competencies contributes the most to the improvement of individual and organizational performance for these organizations, especially academic centers. In the present study, in order to respond to this challenge, comprehensively and systematically identify all the criteria that are effective in the field of coaching competencies through documentary study and with the help of Fuzzy Delphi method and the opinion of 10 experts and using the approach Interpretive Structural Modeling was used to regulate and direct the complexity of the relationships between criteria and by developing an integrated model for the effectiveness of criteria. The results showed that the criteria of Supporting Ethical Values and Confidence in the Potential Abilities of Individuals have the highest effectiveness among the criteria of coaching competencies in the units of Islamic Azad University of West Azarbaijan Province. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        929 - Presenting an entrepreneurship curriculum model to promote and acquire students' entrepreneurial skills (Research sample: Secondary secondary schools in Alborz province)
        Efat Aslani Reza Vala Fatah Nazem
        The purpose of this study is to present an entrepreneurship curriculum model to promote and acquire entrepreneurial skills of students (case study of secondary schools in Alborz province). The present study was applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantita More
        The purpose of this study is to present an entrepreneurship curriculum model to promote and acquire entrepreneurial skills of students (case study of secondary schools in Alborz province). The present study was applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of method. The population in the qualitative section, included experts in the field of entrepreneurship in Alborz province in the academic year 2016-2017 out of whom 14 people were selected via purposive sampling. The population of the quantitative section also included all secondary school teachers in the planning and entrepreneurship course of Alborz province in the same academic year (n= 266). Based on Morgan and Georgian&rsquo;s table 154 people were selected by simple random sampling. The research tool was semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative part in the quantitative part. MAXQDA18 was used to analyze the qualitative data and structural equation modeling with Smart Pls3 was used in the quantitative part. The results showed that there are 56 sub-themes and 5 main themes for the entrepreneurship curriculum. The results of exploratory factor analysis also showed that the first factor, ie creation of entrepreneurial knowledge explains 6.54 of the total variance, the second factor (entrepreneurial attitude) 7.65%, the third factor (entrepreneurial skills) 12.76% and the fourth factor (entrepreneurial ability) 14.65% explained the total variance of entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        930 - Exploring Dimensions and Components of Teachers' Research Competencies from the Perspective of International and Domestic Experts: A Qualitative Research
        Somayeh Toolabifard Toolabifard nader barzegar , Saeed Alizadeh
        The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the dimensions and components of teachers' research competencies from the perspective of international and domestic experts. The research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data collectio More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the dimensions and components of teachers' research competencies from the perspective of international and domestic experts. The research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data collection procedure. The statistical population in the domestic part of the study included the opinions and views of experts and specialists in valid written and printed documents such as books and articles, as well as experts, professors, specialists in the field of educational sciences and senior directors of education up to theoretical saturation which comprised of 17 individuals. In the international section, the population consisted of opinions and views of experts and specialists whose views were extracted from valid written and printed documents such as books and articles. Research samples in both domestic and international sections were purposefully selected. Data collection tools in the domestic part were semi-structured interviews and note-taking forms and in the international part, note-taking forms were utilized. Open, axial and selective coding has also been used to analyze the data. Based on the research results, teachers' research competencies were classified into 15 general components by domestic and international experts Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        931 - Comparison of Academic Motivation, Social Competence and Academic Identity of Children of Single-parent Families and Nuclear Families
        raheleh shukuhi leyla bizhanikashkak fatemeh khazaeipool
        The purpose of this study was to compare academic motivation, social competence and academic identity of children of single-parent families and nuclear families. Using purposive sampling method, this cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 children of single-parent More
        The purpose of this study was to compare academic motivation, social competence and academic identity of children of single-parent families and nuclear families. Using purposive sampling method, this cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 children of single-parent families and 50 children of nuclear families who were homogeneous in terms of their age. The study made use of the inventory of school motivation (ISM) (McInerney &amp; Sinclair, 1992), adolescent multidimensional social competence questionnaire (AMSC-Q) (G&oacute;mez-Ortiz &amp; et al., 2017) and academic identity status questionnaire (AISQ) (Wass &amp; Isaacson, 2008). In this study, Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for data analysis. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there is a difference between academic motivation, social competence and academic identity among children of single-parent families and nuclear families. In this way, the children of single-parent families have lower scores in academic motivation, social competence and academic identity (achievement) than the children of nuclear families. The results also show that children of single-parent families have higher scores in academic identity (moratorium, diffusion and foreclose) than children of nuclear families. These results have important implications for family structure for their children's academic functions. Accordingly, educational psychologists and educational counselors can benefit from the results of the present study to improve the educational problems of single-parent children. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        932 - An Investigation into the Effect of Competitive and Organizational Intelligence on Management of Mental Capital in Education Office of Mazandaran Province
        Ezatollah Taghvai Vahid Falalh , Rezai Yousefi Saeedabad
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competitive intelligence and organizational intelligence on intellectual capital management in educational Office of Mazandaran province. In terms of purpose, the study applied and in terms of data collection me More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competitive intelligence and organizational intelligence on intellectual capital management in educational Office of Mazandaran province. In terms of purpose, the study applied and in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of 2785 managers and deputies of departments and districts of education and school principals of Mazandaran province from among whom 336 individuals were selected as the sample using random cluster sampling based on Cochran's formula. A researcher-made questionnaire of competitive intelligence, organizational intelligence and intellectual capital management was used to collect the data. The face and content validity of the instrument were confirmed by experts and the reliability of the instruments was secured by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling in Lisrel and SPSS software programs. The results of structural equation test showed that competitive intelligence with an impact factor of 0.76 and organizational intelligence with an impact factor of 0.63 have a direct and significant effect on intellectual capital management. The model also had a good fit. As a result, competitive intelligence and organizational intelligence are among the factors that can be considered in order to develop intellectual capital management in the education system. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        933 - Influence of seeding rate and reduced doses of haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide on weed control, yield and component yield of mung bean
        abdolraheem shakibapoor Saeed Saeedipour
        Crop-weed competition has a profound effect on the seed yield of mung bean. We evaluated the effects of both the seed rate and weeding regime on the weed infestation and crop performance of mung bean. Two factors via seed rate (15, 25 or 35 kg ha-1) and different doses More
        Crop-weed competition has a profound effect on the seed yield of mung bean. We evaluated the effects of both the seed rate and weeding regime on the weed infestation and crop performance of mung bean. Two factors via seed rate (15, 25 or 35 kg ha-1) and different doses of haloxyfop-R-methyl (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 L ha-1) were included in the experiment. The experiment was implemented in a split-plot design accommodating seed rate in the main plot and doses of herbicide in the subplot with four replications. Mean data from the experiment showed that weed density and weed dry weight were significantly affected by seed rate: these two variables decreased with the increase in the seed rate (p&lt;0.01). The seed rate significantly influenced plant height, number of pod per plant, biological yield and seed yield. Different variables that included: Plant height, number of pod per plant, 1000 seed weight, harvest index and seed yield were significantly influenced by variations of herbicide doses. Seed yield was significantly improved in dose of 1.2 L ha-1. Overall, the interaction effect of seed rate and herbicide doses was not significant in respect to the plant characteristics except harvest index and seed yield. Nevertheless, a seed rate of 35 kg ha-1, coupled with volume of 0.8 L ha-1, illustrated the best seed yield. Therefore, crop competition can be explored as an effective alternative weed management strategy and achieving optimal yield of bean Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        934 - Yield and productivity indices of common bean and sunflower intercropping in different planting ratios
        محمد قلی‌پور Peyman Sharifi
        Intercropping beside of increasing of yield than sole crops, enhance heterogeneity and biodiversity in agroecosystems. To evaluate yield and productivity indices of Guilan lanrace bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropping, a field e More
        Intercropping beside of increasing of yield than sole crops, enhance heterogeneity and biodiversity in agroecosystems. To evaluate yield and productivity indices of Guilan lanrace bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropping, a field experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014-15 growing season, at Somea-Sara, Iran. The planting ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (bean: sunflower) using replacement method. Intercropping had significant effect on pods per plant and seed yield of bean, and it had significant on plant height, head diameter, heads per plant, 100 seed weight, seeds per head and grain yield of sunflower. The land equivalent ratio (LER) were less than one in 75:25 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) intercropping ratios, while it was equal to 1.15 in 25:75 bean-sunflower intercropping ratio, which indicates the intercropping cultivation of beans-sunflower had the highest efficiency by 15%. Sunflower in the planting ratios of 25:75 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) had the highest relative crowding coefficient (RCC), therefore it was a dominant crop and bean had the least RCC and was a reccesive crop. The competitive ratio value (CR) of bean was less than one, which this means that bean was less competitive than sunflower in the intercropping system. It is concluded that sunflower and bean intercropping system have a substantial advantage compared to sole cropping systems and the intercroping ratios of 25:75 (bean-sunflower) was as superior planting ratio. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        935 - Effect of Planting Patterns on Grain Yield and Morphological Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in the Competition with Weeds
        zahra Jouzayan Alireza Yadavi Mohsen Movahedi Dehnavi Eisa Maghsoudi
        To investigate the effect of planting patterns on morphological characteristics of soybean (cv. Villiam) in the competition with weeds, an experiment was carried out in summer of 2010 at the field of Agriculture Research Station of Yasouj University. In this study a spl More
        To investigate the effect of planting patterns on morphological characteristics of soybean (cv. Villiam) in the competition with weeds, an experiment was carried out in summer of 2010 at the field of Agriculture Research Station of Yasouj University. In this study a split factorial was used based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The main factors were (weedy and weed control) and subplots were row spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm) and soybean plant density (40, 50 and 60 plants m -2). The results showed that plant density and row spacing of soybean had significant effects on plant height, leaf area index, stem diameter and grain yield of soybean. With increasing of density and reduction of row spacing, increased grain yield of soybean, so that among the density different treatments the highest grain yield (240.6 gr m-2) was obtained from density of 60 plants m-2 and among the treatments of row spacing different the most grain yield (236.8 gr m-2) was obtained from 30 cm row spacing. Weed morphological characteristics (Lambsquarters and Amaranthus) was significantly affect by the plant density and row spacing of soybean, so that increasing of plant density and reduction of row spacing led to reduction of 22.7 and 29.8 percent dry weight of Amaranthus of weeds, respectively. The results, totally showed that changes in soybean planting patterns (plant spacing and row spacing) via effects on plant competitive ability against weed can be used as an cultural and non-chemical method for weed control. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        936 - Evaluation of competitive ability and yield of some bean cultivars in weed interference
        Ahmad Mehraban
        In order to study effect of competitive ability in some of the cultivars bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in weed interference, an experiment was conducted at a field in Karaj during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Experiment was conducted as factorial bases on randomized co More
        In order to study effect of competitive ability in some of the cultivars bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in weed interference, an experiment was conducted at a field in Karaj during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Experiment was conducted as factorial bases on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental treatments include weeding and no weeding of weeds and five cultivars of bean (Naz, Goli, Sayyad, Derakhshan and Akhtar). Analysis of variance showed that the effect of weed control and cultivars on most of the traits was significant. But, the effect of year and weed control &times; Cultivar interaction was not significant. Naz cultivar had the lowest weed density and biomass density (17 plant per m-2 and 92 g m-2, respectively). Also, the highest grain yield (261.81 and 230.58 g m-2) were obtained at weeding treatment and Naz cultivar, respectively. Also, the results indicated that Naz cultivar had highest competitive index (1.52) and Akhtar cultivar had the lowest (0.83). Grain yield loss in weeding and non-weeding condition at Naz, Goli, Sayyad, Derakhshan and Akhtar cultivars was 30.25, 32.91, 37.36, 38/50 and 38.78 %, respectively. Generally, evaluation of different traits showed indeterminate and runner cultivars (Naz and Goli) showed higher competitive ability compared to determinate and erect cultivars (Akhtar and Derakhshan). So, pay attention to condition of this study, Naz cultivar is suggested for same environments. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        937 - Evaluation of economic yield and productivity indices in row intercropping of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) and alyssum (Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.)
        Mohammad Hassan Hatefi Farajian Alireza Koocheki Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati
        In order to study the effect of row intercropping patterns of lettuce and alyssum economic yield and productivity indices, a field experiment was conducted as a completely randomized blocks design with three replications during growing in 2014-2015 at Agricultural Resea More
        In order to study the effect of row intercropping patterns of lettuce and alyssum economic yield and productivity indices, a field experiment was conducted as a completely randomized blocks design with three replications during growing in 2014-2015 at Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Treatment included 1 row of lettuce + 1 row alyssum (1:1), 2 rows lettuce + 2 rows alyssum (2:2), 3 rows lettuce + 3 rows alyssum (3:3) and their monoculture. The results showed that the effect of row intercropping patterns of lettuce and alyssum was significant on fresh weight of both crops. The highest fresh weight of lettuce and alyssum was observed in monoculture with 36200 and 5909.2 kg per hectare, respectively. The highest total land equivalent ratio (1.04) was obtained from 2:2 treatment, indicating 4% yield advantage of intercropping and represents a more efficient use of land in this cropping pattern compared to the monoculture of two crops. The highest competition index was achieved from 3:3 treatment (2.96). In addition, the highest system productivity index was obtained in row intercropping pattern 2:2 with 35466.5. Therefore, it seems that the row intercropping pattern of 2:2 was higher in land equivalent ratio and as well as system productivity index compared to other row intercropping patterns to obtain the highest yield and income than monoculture. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        938 - The effect of nitrogen application on the competitiveness of corn at different densities of Johnson grass (Sorghum halapense)
        A. Keivanlo mohammad Armin
        In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen application on corn competitive ability with Johnson grass (Sorghum halapense) at different densities, An experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement based on completely randomized block design with three replications More
        In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen application on corn competitive ability with Johnson grass (Sorghum halapense) at different densities, An experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement based on completely randomized block design with three replications at researcher greenhouse of Islamic Azad university, Sabzevar Branch in 2015. Factors were: Nitrogen Levels (recommended (90 Kg.ha-1 of N) and recommended+50%(135 Kg.ha-1 of N)) and Johnson grass density (0, 1, 2 and 3 plants. Pot-1(0, 15, 30 and 45 plants. m-2, Respectively). Corn and Johnson grass were planted in pot with 30 cm diameter containing approximately 10 kg soil. Corn density was five plants per pot. Analysis variance result showed that chlorophyll index, stem dry weight, root diameter, root volume, root dry matter and root/shoot ratio affected by nitrogen levels. Increasing nitrogen amount increased these characteristics. Increasing Johnson grass density decreased chlorophyll index (7.89%), stem dry weight (16.48%), root diameter (21.31%), root area (22.18%), root volume(22.99%) and plant height (1.1%). Other corn root trait was not affected by Johnson grass density. Overall. Nitrogen application increased competition ability of corn with johnson grass, whereas increasing of Johnson grass density had negative impact on corn root morphological. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        939 - The effect of different phosphorous fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) under with and without pigweed (Amaranths retroflexus)
        سیروس منصوری فر مسعود کرکه آبادی A. Fallah
        In this research grain yield and yield components of corn were examined under competition with pigweed on P in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments included planting methods: pure corn, corn /pigweed int More
        In this research grain yield and yield components of corn were examined under competition with pigweed on P in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments included planting methods: pure corn, corn /pigweed intercropping and pure pigweed; and P amount in five levels: 0 (as control), 80, 160, 240 and 320 kg ha-1 as triple superphosphate resource. The results showed that P fertilization as 320 kg ha-1 increased grain number in ear (41.6%), thousand grain weight (19.2%), grain yield (33.4%) and biological yield (31.8%) of corn, as well as, plant height (27.0%) and dry weight (34.3%) of pigweed in pure culture. However, thousand grain weight of corn in the last P level (320 kg ha-1) and plant height and dry weight of pigweed in last two levels of P (240 and 320 kg ha-1) in intercropping were reduced. Intercropping of pigweed had negative effect on yield and yield components of corn, especially in lower P levels; while there is no significant effect in highest P level. This means that P had positive effect on competitiveness of corn against pigweed. Overall, for achieving to greater competition ability of corn against weeds such as pigweed and lower cost, 240 kg ha-1 P fertilizer can be recommended for future investigations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        940 - Investigation of dry matter partitioning amount between different organs in faba (Vicia faba L.)
        Ali Baghban Amin Ali Rahemi Karizaki Ali Nakhzari Moghadam Abbs Biabani Ali Mansouri Rad
        Quantitative information regarding biomass partitioning in faba (Vicia faba L.) is limited. The purpose of this study was to obtain the values of the distribution coefficients of dry matter between different parts of faba plant under different sowing dates and densities More
        Quantitative information regarding biomass partitioning in faba (Vicia faba L.) is limited. The purpose of this study was to obtain the values of the distribution coefficients of dry matter between different parts of faba plant under different sowing dates and densities conditions. This experiment was conducted in Gonbad Kavoos during 2012-2013 in rainfed conditions. Experimental design was a factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were combinations of sowing dates (27 November 2012, 14 December 2012 and 7 January 2013) and four plant densities (8, 12, 16 and 20 plants m-2). Dry weight of the separation of different organs and phenological stages were measured between emergence and maturity. A linear relation was found for biomass partitioning between leaves and stems before podding stage (R3). Ratio of dry matter distribution among leaf and stem on 27November 2012, 14 December 2012 and 7 January 2013 were 62:37, 60:39 and 54:40, respectively. Dry matter that was dedicated to stem more than leaf. On the other hand competition between of plants had not significant effect on dry matter distribution. Dispersion between data was more after podding stage than before it, which is probably due to translocation of dry mater. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        941 - Effect of chemicals and biological Potassium fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three corn Hybrids Under Drought Stress
        mohamad sadegh Azadi Alireza shokuhfar Mani Mojadam shahram lak mojtaba alavifazel
        Among stresses, drought stress has high impact on limitation of maize (Zea mays L.) production. potash management under water limitation condition is an important factor to obtain high grain yield of maize. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of chemical an More
        Among stresses, drought stress has high impact on limitation of maize (Zea mays L.) production. potash management under water limitation condition is an important factor to obtain high grain yield of maize. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of chemical and biological potash fertilizers and drought stress quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn varieties in 2014 and 2015 in Dehloran, Iran. The experiment was conducted as split split plots in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments included drought stress (normal irrigation, cutting irrigation at 12 leaf stage and at tassel emergence) as main factor, potassium sulfate application in three levels (100% potassium sulfate, 70% potassium sulfate fertilizer with 30% fertile-2 fertilizer, and 50% potassium sulfate fertilizer with 50% fertile-2 fertilizer) as sub plots and three corn hybrids (AS71, NS640 and CORDONA) as sub sub plots. The results of showed that the combined application of potassium chemical and chemical fertilizer with modulating effects Drought stress increased the characteristics of corn. The AS71 hybrid, the most tolerant and hybrid NS640, were the most sensitive hybrid to drought stress. The highest plant height, grain yield and biological yield, total chlorophyll (a + b), seed protein and seed iron content were obtained under application conditions of 50% potassium sulfate fertilizer with 50% fertile-2 fertilizer. The application of this fertilizer recommended in Dehloran region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        942 - The effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on some morphological and physiological traits of Petroselinum crispum
        lamia Vojodi Mehrabani
        In order to study the effects of different levels (control, 5 and 10 ton/ha) of organic fertilizers vermicompost and poultrary mannur and different levels of chemical fertilizer (KNO3 and CaNO3) (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on nitrate accumulation and some growth and physiolog More
        In order to study the effects of different levels (control, 5 and 10 ton/ha) of organic fertilizers vermicompost and poultrary mannur and different levels of chemical fertilizer (KNO3 and CaNO3) (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on nitrate accumulation and some growth and physiological characteristics of Petroselinum crispum, an experiment was conducted as Factorial based on Completely Randomized Block Design with three replication. The results showed that total nitrogen content in plant was influenced by interaction effects of experimental treatments and the highest amounts of nitrogen contents were recorded at vermicompost10 ton/ha &times; KNO3 100kg/ha and poultrary mannur10 ton/ha &times; KNO3 100kg/ha. Different levels of chemical and organic fertilizer had positive effects on total chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid and flavonoid content. The highest amounts of aerial part dry weights were recorded at 5 and 10 ton/ha of vermicompost fertilizer. Poultrary mannur 5 and 10 ton/ha were increased total soluble solid, phenolic and nitrate content in plants compared to control treatment. Also the highest amounts of total soluble solid content and nitrate content were recorded at KNO3 50 and 100kg/ha. 50 and 100 kg/ha KNO3 and CaNO3 was increased total phenolic content in plant. Organic fertilizers had positive effects on K and Ca content. KNO3 100kg/ha improved K content and CaNO3 50 and 100kg/ha increased Ca content in plant. Dueto the positive effects of organic fertilizers in vegetable growth and less harmful environmental effects, it seems that integrated use of organicand chemical fertilizers had positive effects on sustainable and healthy vegetable production. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        943 - Investigation the different barley (Hordeum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) growth characteristics intercropping under nitrogen fertilizer at barley flowering stage
        Shahnaz Toreifi Asfandiar Fateh Amir Aynehband
        In order to study the competition ability and production potential of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) intercropping under nitrogen fertilizer in barley flowering stage a field experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Agricultu More
        In order to study the competition ability and production potential of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum) intercropping under nitrogen fertilizer in barley flowering stage a field experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz at 2015-2016 growing season. Experimental design was randomized complete block as a factorial arrangement with three replications. The first factor was 8 planting patterns includes barley sole cropping, fenugreek sole cropping, fenugreek-barley intercropping ratios includes 2:1, 2:2, 3:1, 1:3, as replacement series, 100% barley+20% fenugreek as additive series and mixed intercropping. The second factor was two nitrogen fertilizer application includes control (no nitrogen fertilizer) and 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer. The results of showed the highest total dry matter at barley flowering stage (1345.1 gr/m2) was obtained at 3:1 barley-fenugreek intercropping and the lowest one (482.6 gr/m2) was recorded at fenugreek sole cropping without nitrogen fertilizer. Also the results revealed that all intercropping treatments had the highest dry matter than sole cropping that it showed the intercropping had superiority than sole cropping. The highest Land Equivalent Ratio (LER=1.5) was obtained at 3:1 barley-fenugreek intercropping. So that it is concluded that at barley flowering stage the best treatment was 3:1barley-fenugreek intercropping with 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        944 - Long term trend analysis of changes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) water use efficiency in the southern, southwest and central regions of Iran
        Leila Jafari Farzin Abdollahi Sara Asadi
        In order to improve water utilization management the trends of changes in crop water requirement (CWR), yield, cultivation area and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato in some regions of Iran evaluated in a 23-year long term (1990-2013) by measuring evapotranspiration More
        In order to improve water utilization management the trends of changes in crop water requirement (CWR), yield, cultivation area and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato in some regions of Iran evaluated in a 23-year long term (1990-2013) by measuring evapotranspiration (ET) and crop coefficient (Kc). Highest (1137 mm) and lowest (642 mm) CWR of tomato observed in Yazd and Shahrekord cities respectively. Unlike Dezful and Shiraz, this characteristic has a significant increasing trend with a slope of 5.6 mm per year in Fasa. Furthermore, unlike Fasa, tomato yield in Ahvaz, Bandar Abbas, Shahrekord and Yazd has a significant increasing trend. The maximum (49.5 ton/ha) and minimum (19.4 ton/ha) tomato yield and also the maximum (5.6 Kg/m3) and minimum (2.4 Kg/m3) WUE was observed in Fasa and Kerman, respectively. However, the highest reduction (0.1 kg/m3) and highest increase (0.07 kg/m3) in WUE per year was obtained in Ahvaz and Fasa respectively. The results of this study showed that the WUE has a linear relationship with tomato yield. So that the water consumption per 100 kilograms of tomatoes yields per unit of area increased 0.1 kg/m3. While there was no logical relationship between WUE and CWR. By drawing the boundary-line, which represents potential yield against the CWR, high fluctuation of tomato yield in a steady interval of water requirement was estimated. Overall, the lack of a relationship between the WUE and CWR in the range of 600 to 1000 mm was due to yield gap caused by malpractice in the farms. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        945 - Response of soybean (Glycine max) to physalis (Physalis alkekengi) competition
        Faezeh Zaefarian Elham Ghodrati Mohammad Rezvani
        In order to assess the competitive ability of soybean with P. alkekengi, a test was conducted at sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. This research was carried out in two greenhouse and field condition. The treatments consisted of five planting r More
        In order to assess the competitive ability of soybean with P. alkekengi, a test was conducted at sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. This research was carried out in two greenhouse and field condition. The treatments consisted of five planting ratios of soybean and P. alkekengi including: 25:75 (soybean - weed), 50:50 (soybean - weed), 75:25 (soybean - weed) and pure (100% soybean and weed species). According to the results the maximum yield of soybean in pot (39.60 g plant-1) and field conditions the maximum yield of soybean (141.44 g m-2) were obtained in weed-free conditions (soybean monoculture) and increasing soybean density reduce P. alkekengi biomass than the monoculture of this weeds. In pot and field conditions, the highest pod number per plant (171.66 and 201, respectively) and 100- seed weight (18.45 and 17.85 g, respectively) were observed in pure soybean (weed-free) cultivation. Also soybean tolerance to different densities of P. alkekengi showed that soybean can tolerate low density (25 percent) of P. alkekengi. Also study the competitiveness index (CI) showed that soybean at low density of physalis was higher and inhibit the weed biomass increment. The results showed that soybeans had a higher tolerance index and competitiveness index than the P. alkekengi. In general, increasing the density of P. alkekengi reduced the yield and yield components of soybeans in both potted and field conditions. In general, soybeans in low densities of P. alkekengi had a higher competitive ability than this species and inhibit the increase of weed biomass. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        946 - Comparison of two mycorrhizal species in improving the absorption of nutrients and beneficial indicators of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) intercropping
        Tahmine Salahi Alireza Yadavi Hamidreza Balouchi Amin Salehi Mohammad Hamidian
        This study was used in order to diversify agricultural system by using fenugreek in mixed cultivation with linseed with the aim of determining the effect of mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis on the plant elements and the effect on intercropping indices. The farm factorial ex More
        This study was used in order to diversify agricultural system by using fenugreek in mixed cultivation with linseed with the aim of determining the effect of mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis on the plant elements and the effect on intercropping indices. The farm factorial experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications and 15 treatments in Yasouj University in 2016. The experimental factors include the bio-fertilizer in three levels (control, the use of mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae and the use of mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis) and cultivation ratios at 5 levels (pure cultivation of oilseed and fenugreek and mixed cultivation of linseed and fenugreek with ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:2). The results showed that the application of mycorrhiza along with mixed cultivation improved the absorption of macro and micro elements, so that the highest concentration of iron, nitrogen and potassium in oilseeds leaves was seen in the ratio of 1:1 mixed culture along with mycorrhiza fertilizer. Also, mycorrhizal fungus F. mosseae together with 1:1 mixed culture brought the most nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus of fenugreek leaves. The interaction of mixed cropping and mycorrhizal fertilizer was not significant on any of the indicators of the usefulness of mixed cropping; but the use of mycorrhizal fertilizers increased the amount of actual lost yield and the ratio of the total land. In general, the use of mycorrhizal fertilizer, in addition to improving the absorption of elements, made the mixed cultivation of flax and fenugreek superior to their single crop. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        947 - Growth and competitiveness of wheat against C3 and C4 plant in CO2 enrichment and drought condition
        farahnaz momtazi hamidreza miri
        Prediction climatic models show that atmospheric CO2 concentration will be increase and this has considerable effect on plant growth and their interaction. In addition to this CO2 changes water availability will affect plant growth and development. A greenhouse experime More
        Prediction climatic models show that atmospheric CO2 concentration will be increase and this has considerable effect on plant growth and their interaction. In addition to this CO2 changes water availability will affect plant growth and development. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in Arsanjan Islamic Azad University in 2012 in order to evaluate effect of drought and CO2 elevation on growth and competitiveness of wheat against C3 and C4 crops and weeds. Wheat, sunflower, wild oat and lumbsquarters as C3 crops and weeds and corn, millet, redroot pigweed and wild johnsongrass as C4 crops and weed were subjected to two CO2 concentrations (400 and 700 ppm) and two irrigation treatments (control and drought). The results showed that by increasing CO2 concentration total dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and leaf area of wheat increased significantly, but CO2 elevation had no significant effects on C4 plants. CO2 elevation increased dry weight of wheat by 30.7%. Drought stress reduced dry weight of wheat by 25.3%, but, under high CO2 condition there was no reduction in dry weight of wheat. This means that high CO2 reduced harmful effect of drought on C3 and C4 plants. The results also showed that by increasing CO2 competitive ability of wheat increasing against C4 plants. This change the competitive interaction of C3 and C4 crops and weeds at different CO2 and drought condition. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        948 - مطالعه پارامترهای خون شناسی سیاه ماهی (Capoeta capoeta gracilis) رودخانه تالار قائم شهر، مازندران
        فاطمه یوسف زاده شعبانعلی نظامی حسین خارا
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        949 - Benefiting from Knowledge Management in Agricultural Development of Iran: A Case Study of Pistachio
        Eldar Mohammadzadeh Seddigh Zahra Abazari Najla Hariri
        10.22034/jon.2021.1923512.1108
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        950 - Determination of the Impact of Supply Chain Integration Aspects on Competitive Capabilities
        hesam Vaghfi Ali Fayaz mohamad mahdi ghomian
        This study investigates the effect of dimensions of integrated supply chain on competitive capabilities. Integrated supply chain is the degree to which the manufacturer collaborates with his supply chain partners strategically and manages processes inside and outside th More
        This study investigates the effect of dimensions of integrated supply chain on competitive capabilities. Integrated supply chain is the degree to which the manufacturer collaborates with his supply chain partners strategically and manages processes inside and outside the organization to achieve the effective and efficient flows of products and services, information, money and decisions to provide the greatest value for the customer in a collaborative way. This study investigates the relationship between the dimensions of integrated supply chain and competitive capabilities. To achieve this goal, the relationship between the dimensions of integrated supply chain (internal integration and external integration) and competitive capabilities (cost, quality, delivery, product innovation) is investigated using a conceptual model. The tools to collect data in this study include the researcher-made questionnaire and statistical sample include 44 managers from industry and Mines companies and organizations in Khorasan Razavi and the respondents were 42 male (95%) and 2 female (5%). The results of testing hypotheses show that in overall, internal and external integrations have significant and indirect impact on competitive capabilities at 0.71 and 0.19 respectively. In other words, the results show that internal integration is a prerequisite for external integration. The study also shows that internal integration and external integration have a positive impact on improving the competitive capabilities of the company. It should be noted that the internal integrity also improves competitive capabilities through external integration. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        951 - Vertical leaf area and dry matter distribution in potato canopy in response to weed competition
        M. R. Haj seyed hadi Gh. Noormohamadi M. Nasiri Mahalati H. Rahimi E. Zand
        To study the competitive effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) on potato, an additive experiment was conducted in the spring of 2004 and 2005 in split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with 4 replicat More
        To study the competitive effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) on potato, an additive experiment was conducted in the spring of 2004 and 2005 in split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Seed Potato Production Station of RAN in Firouzkooh. Treatments were included 2 weed species in main plots (Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album), weed density in sub plots (2, 4 and 8 plants per meter of row) and relative time of weed emergence in sub-sub plots (8 and 4 days prior to potato and the same time with potato emergence in 2004 and the same time with potato, 2 and 4 weeks after potato in 2005). Results showed increasing weed density resulted in reduction in potato LAI, but leaf area distribution in canopy layers was not affected and maximum LAD was recorded in second layer (20-40 cm) in all treatments. In 2004, redroot pigweed in 2, 4 and 8 plants per meter of row put 29, 42.1 and 44.6 percent of LAI above the potato canopy, respectively. These amounts for lambsquarter were 30.6, 38 and 43 percent. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        952 - Effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) competition on some physiological traits and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
        B. Mirshekari
        In order to evaluation of the effect of redroot pigweed density and interference time on some physiological traits of sunflower two factorial experiments were performed with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 p More
        In order to evaluation of the effect of redroot pigweed density and interference time on some physiological traits of sunflower two factorial experiments were performed with sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar), redroot pigweed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants/m2) and relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower, 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) during 2005-2006. Results revealed that in three sunflower cultivars, at high densities and early interference times of redroot pigweed leaf area index decreased, significantly. In Azarghol, reduction amount of leaf area per plant in emerging of 41.7 weeds/m2 was 12%, compared with control. In Allstar, weed density was more effective than interference time, while, in Azarghol and Hysun interference time was more effective than weed density with a view to effect on leaf area duration. Azarghol could tolerate 41.7 and 8.3 weeds/m2 from 30 and 15 days after sunflower emergence later, respectively, without reduction on yield. While intensity of inter-specific competition between redroot pigweed and sunflower in Allstar was higher than Azarghol and Hysun. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        953 - Evaluation of integrated weed management of corn (Zea mays L.) in Qazvin province
        Amrhoseien Shirani Rad Raheleh Rostami Fariba Meighani Eskandar Zand
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to determine best density of silo corn (zeamays L) for good competition with weeds and attainment of acceptable economical yield, an experiment was conducted during 2009 as second cultivation in research farm of Takestan. The experiment was c More
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to determine best density of silo corn (zeamays L) for good competition with weeds and attainment of acceptable economical yield, an experiment was conducted during 2009 as second cultivation in research farm of Takestan. The experiment was carried out as RCBD in factorial with four replications. Treatments were included density factor (recommended density, 25 and 50% more than recommended one) and weed management (two time weeding, without weeding, nicosolforon herbicide in 2-4 leaved of corn, 1 time cultivation in 20 cm height ,two times cultivation in 35 cm of corn). Results showed that corn density and weed management had no significant effect on plant height, diameter of corn with hide, the number of row in corn, the number of seed in row, the number of seed in corn, the grain yield and the weight of 1000 seeds. Corn recommended density together no weeding caused the most diameter of stem, the number of seed in row, the number of seed in corn and corn density 50% more than&nbsp; recommended cause the most biological yield. The density of corn had a significant effect on density and dry weight of Amaranthus blit oides two months after treatments, while weed management had significantly effect in 1% probability level on density and the weeds dry weight in all sampling steps. Corn density by 50% more than recommended caused mostcontro of density and dry weight of Amaranthus blit oides and most decrease in the density and dry weight of Chenopodium album... The most control of dry weight of Amaranthus blit oides and Chenopodium album and most decrease density in Chenopodium album in all samplings most control of density of Amaranthus blitoides in last sampling in response to the treatments, two times weeding and one and two times cultivation was obtained. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        954 - The Ameliorating Effect of Poultry Manure and Its Biochar on Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Remediation at Two Times of Cultivation
        Maryam Barati Sedigheh Safarzadeh Dariush Mowla Fereshteh Bakhtiari Amirhossein Najafian Fateh Tavakoli
        10.22034/jchr.2020.1900546.1136
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        955 - Kinetic Study of Free Radicals Scavenging by Saffron Petal Extracts
        T. Ardalan P. Ardalan M. M. Heravi
        10.22034/jchr.2018.544010
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        956 - Removal of Ortho-Toluidine from Industrial Wastewater by UV/TiO2 Process
        Aref Shokri Kazem Mahanpoor
        10.22034/jchr.2016.544149
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        957 - Biochemical and Physical Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils in Tehran
        Mehrdad Cheraghi Soheil Sobhanardakani Bahareh Lorestani Hajar Merrikhpour Hassan ParviziMosaed
        10.22034/jchr.2015.544108
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        958 - A Simple Procedure to Evaluate Competitiveness of Toxigenic and Atoxigenic Isolates of Aspergillus flavus in Solid and Liquid Media
        Mohammad Moradi Seyed Reza Fani Rosa Dargahi Mehdi Mohammadi Moghadam Abdolhamid Sherafati
        10.22034/jchr.2017.544171
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        959 - Evaluation the Growth Potential of Artichoke (Synara scolymus L.) and Milk thistle (Sylibum marianum L.) in Petroleum-contaminated Soil
        Sahar Zamani Azim Ghasemnezhad Soheila Ebrahimi Mehran Fathi
        10.22034/jchr.2018.544198
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        960 - Assessment Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils to Petroleum Compounds and Role of Chemical Fertilizers in the Decomposition Process
        H. Parvizi Mosaed S. Sobhan Ardakani M. Cheraghi
        10.22034/jchr.2018.544020
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        961 - Occurrence of Organochlorines Contaminants in Coastal Fish from Sepetiba Bay: Levels and Human Health Repercussions
        A. Pacheco Ferreira
        10.22034/jchr.2018.544040
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        962 - Plasmonic Nanosilver Synthesis Using Sonneratia apetala Fruit Extract and Their Catalytic Activity in Organic Dye Degradation
        Muhammad Shamim Al Mamun Md. Israil Hossain Jannatul Naime Palash Dhar
        10.22034/jchr.2020.1904366.1155
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        963 - Growth and Micronutrient Uptake of Oat Plant (Avena sativa) in Oil Contaminated Soils as Affected by Poultry Manure and Biochar
        Maryam Barati Sedigheh Shirazi
        10.22034/jchr.2022.1954970.1528
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        964 - Biochemical, Molecular and Ecological characterization of Petroleum Biodegradable Bacteria in Misan Province/Iraq
        Hiba N. Dhaegheem Salih H. Jazza Zahid S. Aziz
        10.22034/jchr.2021.686884
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        965 - Investigating the relationship between green management and economic performance, environmental performance and social performance (a study of companies active in the petrochemical industry)
        reza jalalianlarki Belqis Bavarsad saber alizadeh
        10.30495/afi.2022.1943475.1056
        Green management as a modern management method in the organization by creating a proper policy environment, recommends control and use of green technologies on the inputs and outputs of the organization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship betwe More
        Green management as a modern management method in the organization by creating a proper policy environment, recommends control and use of green technologies on the inputs and outputs of the organization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between green management and economic performance, environmental performance and social performance. Because the petrochemical industry creates a very dangerous type of pollution due to its feed and product, which seriously harms human health and environmental health, the research method is analytical survey. The statistical population of the study includes 16 petrochemical companies in Khuzestan province. Using Cochran's formula, 190 managers, supervisors and employees were selected by stratified sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data, the reliability of which was assessed by Cronbach's alpha method and the combined method and its validity was evaluated by the mean variance extracted. The results obtained using structural analysis method showed that green management has a significant positive relationship with economic performance, environmental performance and social performance and the intensity of the relationship between green management and environmental performance is more than the other two dimensions of sustainable performance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        966 - The Impact of Personality Characteristics on Risk Perception of stock exchange Investors; Analyzing the Risk Intermediation Role
        ahmad nategh golestan Naser Zeinabi
        10.30495/afi.2022.1946843.1073
        The present study aimed to investigate the effect of personality traits on risk perception with regard to the mediating role of risk appetite among investors in the Mashhad Stock Exchange. Because the perception of risk and willingness to risk and the type of risk expos More
        The present study aimed to investigate the effect of personality traits on risk perception with regard to the mediating role of risk appetite among investors in the Mashhad Stock Exchange. Because the perception of risk and willingness to risk and the type of risk exposure in different people are affected by the personality traits of different people, In this study, 5 hypotheses have been designed that by referring to 54 brokerages located in Mashhad, the number of community members was estimated at 411 people. Based on this Cochran's formula and the relations between them, the sample size of 117 people was determined. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that only the characteristics of extroversion and personality openness of individuals through their willingness to risk affect their risk perception and the characteristics of neuroticism, conscientiousness and adaptation of individuals through willingness. Their risk does not affect their perception of risk. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        967 - Examining the effect of product market competition on capital structure adjustment speed considering the moderating role of CEO extroversion
        Mahdi Filsaraei
        10.30495/afi.2023.1984892.1218
        Objective: This research aims to examine the relationship between market competition, CEO extraversion, and the speed of capital structure adjustment in the capital market.Research Methodology: This study is applied in terms of its objective, quantitative in terms of da More
        Objective: This research aims to examine the relationship between market competition, CEO extraversion, and the speed of capital structure adjustment in the capital market.Research Methodology: This study is applied in terms of its objective, quantitative in terms of data, deductive in terms of logic, and descriptive-correlational in terms of execution. The preferred method for gathering evidence is post-event. Relationships between variables have been examined using correlation and multiple regression models with a panel data approach. The study employs data from 143 publicly traded companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2012 to 2021. Company data is analyzed and processed using the R software, and multiple regression is used to estimate the research model.Findings: Data analysis results, using multiple regression with a panel data approach at an expected error level of five percent, reveal a significant relationship between market competition and the speed of capital structure adjustment. Furthermore, CEO extraversion strengthens the relationship between market competition and the speed of capital structure adjustment.Originality/Scientific Contribution: The findings of this research not only contribute to the literature on capital structure adjustment speed and market competition but also assist all stakeholders and users in assessing companies' attention to the impact of market competition and capital structure adjustment speed using the theories of limited liability and opportunistic behavior. Additionally, this relationship is analyzed and dissected based on the personality type of the CEO (extraversion). No previous domestic studies have investigated the effect of CEO extraversion on the speed of capital structure adjustment. Therefore, this research is innovative within the country. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        968 - Investigating the efficiency internal capital markets of business groups in allocating resources and performance; the effect of ownership-control wedge and product Market competition
        Faramarz Karami Taleghani Mohammad Reza Vatanparast Javad Rezazadeh Keyhan Azadi Hir
        10.30495/afi.2023.1983050.1207
        Purpose: The common feature of the theoretical approaches adopted to study business groups is the presence of internal capital markets in these groups. The accounting literature shows that the efficiency of these markets in allocating resources and performance can be af More
        Purpose: The common feature of the theoretical approaches adopted to study business groups is the presence of internal capital markets in these groups. The accounting literature shows that the efficiency of these markets in allocating resources and performance can be affected by self-interested motives resulting from the agency problem. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the ownership-control wedge on the efficiency of internal capital markets of business groups in resource allocation and performance with regard to product market competition.Methodology: This descriptive-correlation research has been done from the perspective of practical purpose and using the post-event approach. . In order to achieve the goal of the research, the data of 18 business groups whose parent companies are listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange or OTC were collected during the years 2015 to 2022 and the study hypotheses were tested using multiple regression with panel data.Findings: the findings of the study show that the ownership-control wedge has a negative and significant effect on the efficiency of resource allocation and the efficiency of the internal capital markets of business groups. Also, the findings only show that the relationship between the ownership-control wedge and the efficiency of the internal capital markets of business groups weakens with the increase in product market competition. However, there was no evidence of the effect of product market competition on the relationship between ownership-control wedge and resource allocation efficiency.Originality / Value: It is important to pay attention to the internal capital markets of business groups as a potential mechanism to facilitate the efficient allocation of resources and achieve strategic advantages. Therefore, by knowing more about the phenomenon of ownership-control gap and its effect on the efficiency of internal capital markets of business groups in the allocation of resources and performance, basic steps can be taken to achieve strategic benefits (such as the development of the domestic economy). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        969 - Investigation of Bioactivity Properties of Nanocomposite NHA/ Diopside Densified by Two Steps Sintered to Use in Medical Applications
        نسرین رفیعی Ebrahim Karamian
        In this study, to achieve the appropriate composite of natural apatite-diopside with desired bioactivity properties, the various compounds containing 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.% diopside were prepared and compressed under the two-steps sintering heat treatment. Then the mech More
        In this study, to achieve the appropriate composite of natural apatite-diopside with desired bioactivity properties, the various compounds containing 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.% diopside were prepared and compressed under the two-steps sintering heat treatment. Then the mechanical strength, density and bioactivity of the samples were evaluated. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were used in order to samples' characterization. Results showed that the sample with 20 wt.% diopside had the highest strength (63 MPa), and the SEM images and EDS spectrum confirmed that the apatite diposits is formed on the surface of this sample after 28 days immersion in simulated body solution (SBF). Ion measurment showed the decrease in concentration of Ca ions from 100 to 93 ppm and P ions from 31 to 28 ppm which indicates the formation of apatite on the sample. By considering the obtained results, the composite sample containing 20 wt.% diopside and 80 wt.% natural hydroxyapatite as a ceramic nanobiocomposite with desirable mechanical properties along with appropriate bioactivity could be introduced for medical purposes such as orthopedic. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        970 - Comparison of Cellular and Biochemical Blood Factors in Capoeta capoeta gracilic in Siyahroud and Talar Rivers in Mazandaran Province
        فاطمه یوسف زاده شعبانعلی نظامی حسین خارا
        Capoeta capoeta gracilisis one of the semicommercial fishes in basin from the Caspian Sea. In present research, in order to compare the Cellular and biochemical parameters of blood serum in different habitats, in during the breeding season this fish, 100 pieces were stu More
        Capoeta capoeta gracilisis one of the semicommercial fishes in basin from the Caspian Sea. In present research, in order to compare the Cellular and biochemical parameters of blood serum in different habitats, in during the breeding season this fish, 100 pieces were studied in Talar and Siyahroud rivers. After blood obtaining in the way on caudal peduncle incision in smaller fish and heart ponxion in larger fish, the amount of some of hematologic parameters Including the total count and subtraction ofWBC, the total count of RBC, Hb, Hct, and globule indexes (MCH, MCHC, MCV) were measured manually and with conventional laboratory methods then non-electrolyte experiments of blood serum including Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglycerides Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Blood urea, Creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP as well non-electrolyte such as Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium were done based on standard and experimental method and meanandstandard error each of the foresaid parameters were determined. The results from statistical analysis showed That the comparison of biochemical parameters of Capoeta capoeta gracilis blood serum between these two rivers, The significant difference was observed in the amount of Triglyceride, Total protein, Globulin, Albumin, Phosphorus, Glucose, ALT, Creatinine, blood urea, Uric acid, Potassium Sodium andCholesterol (Pandlt;0.05). While significant differences were not observed in parameters of Calcium, AST and ALP (Pandgt;0.05). In other hand, that the comparison of cellular blood parameters The significant difference was observed in the number of WBC, RBC, Hct, Hb, MCH, MCV and MCHC between these two rivers(Pandlt;0.05). While in the percent of lymphocytes, eosinophilemonocytes and neutrophilswere not observed significant differences (Pandgt;0.05). According to obtained results perhaps it can be stated that the population of Capoeta capoeta gracilic in different habitats weredistinct from each other and have partly different blood parameter that these differences can be because of different environmental conditions Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        971 - Decreasing Daily Salt Intake by Drinking Water before Thirst Stimulation
        F. Heydarpour S.N. Mousavinasab B. Moradi
        The current recommendations to reduce salt intake from 9 to 12 g/d to 5 to 6 g/d will have a major effect on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease but are not ideal. A minimal increase in the plasma osmolality of 1–2% induces thirst, hypovolemia, hypotension, and an More
        The current recommendations to reduce salt intake from 9 to 12 g/d to 5 to 6 g/d will have a major effect on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease but are not ideal. A minimal increase in the plasma osmolality of 1–2% induces thirst, hypovolemia, hypotension, and angiotensin II are the most known of thirst stimuli. Some of stimuli for thirst and salt appetite are common; hence, following stimulation of thirst, an increase in salt appetite occurred. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of water deprivation in Ramadan on daily salt intake in fasting people. 30 male fasting students were selected for the experiment and their 24 hours urinary sodium excretion was measured during one day of Shaban and Ramadan. An increase and decrease more than 15% in 24 hours urine sodium was considered as remarkable changes. 5 specimens were eradicated from the study due to previous recommendation about 24-h creatinine excretion. Changes in 24 hours urine sodium during Ramadan in comparison with Shaban were unremarkable in 7 subjects. Remarkable decrease and increase were observed in 10 and 8 subjects respectively. Similar to the effect of fasting on weight, blood pressure, and appetite, fasting has a double effect on salt consumption. As during fasting, other parameters affected fasted salt appetite, so the pure effect of thirst on salt appetite were covered by other parameters. Over and above, it can be mentioned if individuals consumes water more than usual before thirst stimulation and the intervals between drinking water is reduced, it will lead to salt appetite suppression. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        972 - Effect of Exercise at Morning in Comparison with Evening on Response of Spexin and Leptin to Eight Weeks of Endurance Training in Obese Women
        Mohammad Karimi Mozhgan Baghaei-Barzabadi
        10.22034/ascij.2023.1985540.1490
        Disturbance in regulation of energy balance in obesity involves several mechanisms, many of which are still not well understood. Circadian rhythms are followed by hormonal fluctuations, especially hormones involved in appetite. The aim of this research was to study the More
        Disturbance in regulation of energy balance in obesity involves several mechanisms, many of which are still not well understood. Circadian rhythms are followed by hormonal fluctuations, especially hormones involved in appetite. The aim of this research was to study the effect of eight weeks of endurance training in the morning compared to the evening on the levels of spexin and leptin in obese women. In this semi-experimental study, 30 obese female volunteers with an average age of 35.3 &plusmn; 4.4 years and a body mass index of 31.7 &plusmn; 1.2 kg/m2 were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 10) including; Control, morning training and evening training groups. The protocol of endurance training was carried out for eight weeks, three sessions per week and with an intensity of 60 to 75% of the maximum heart rate. 48 hours before and after the intervention of endurance training, blood sampling was done under conditions of 10 hours of overnight fasting. Spexin and leptin values were evaluated by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance test at a significance level of p&lt;0.05. The results showed that exercise intervention in the morning and evening led to a significant decrease in leptin values (p=0.02) and a significant increase in spexin values (p=0.03). In comparison between morning and evening training, changes in leptin (p=0.01) and spexin (p=0.01) were higher in the evening session. Based on the findings of this study, it seems that endurance training with moderate intensity in a period of eight-week may have positive effects on the hormones of spexin and leptin in the matter of appetite. Evening training has better effects than morning training. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        973 - Comparison of the Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training at Morning and Evening on Asprosin, Leptin, Insulin Resistance and Appetite Index in Non-athlete Obese Men
        bahman Zadeh-Hendijani sedigheh Hoseinpour Delavar mohammad karimi mehran ghahramani
        10.22034/ascij.2023.1999845.1558
        Satiety-hunger signals regulate rhythmic clocks in peripheral tissues through the availability of many macronutrients in the circulation. The aim of this research was to study the effect of eight weeks of endurance training in the morning and the evening on serum levels More
        Satiety-hunger signals regulate rhythmic clocks in peripheral tissues through the availability of many macronutrients in the circulation. The aim of this research was to study the effect of eight weeks of endurance training in the morning and the evening on serum levels of asprosin, leptin, insulin, insulin resistance and appetite index in non-athlete obese men. In this semi-experimental study, 36 non-athletic obese young men with an average age of 25.4 ± 3.3 years, weight 98.3 ± 7.7 kg, and body mass index 31.8±1.2 kg/m2 were selected as subjects in a targeted and available manner. Subjects were randomly divided into three equal groups including; Control, morning training and evening training. The endurance training protocol was implemented for eight weeks, three sessions per week and with an intensity of 60 to 75% of the maximum heart rate. Before and after the training period, blood sampling was done at 10 hours of overnight fasting state. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and at a significance level of p < 0.05. Eight weeks of endurance training led to a significant decrease in asprosin (p = 0.0001), leptin (p = 0.02), insulin (p = 0.0001), glucose (p = 0.0001), insulin resistance (p = 0.0001) and appetite index (p = 0.001). Tukey’s post hoc test indicated that, compared to the control group, evening training has a greater and more significant effect on all the mentioned variables. It seems that endurance training in morning and evening can have positive effects on asprosin, leptin, insulin resistance and appetite index. However, training in the evening seems to have more positive effects on these factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        974 - Convergence of Legendre and Chebyshev multiwavelets in Petrov-Galerkin method for solving Fredholm integro-differential equations of high orders
        Saeed Akhavan
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        975 - The Strategy Creation - De-Strategization Paradox: Examining the Basic Duality Using Phronetic Iterative Qualitative Method
        Nima Eskandarinia
        In recent years, the topic of strategic management has become one of the most challenging topics among both researchers and top managers. While some scholars have supported various strategic management approaches, other scholars have challenged and criticized these appr More
        In recent years, the topic of strategic management has become one of the most challenging topics among both researchers and top managers. While some scholars have supported various strategic management approaches, other scholars have challenged and criticized these approaches. In addition, there is a plurality of opinions among the scholars who have opposed strategic management. Despite the fundamental criticisms they have made on the nature of strategic management, they have not been able to find an alternative solution for the strategic management process. Therefore, the CEOs of the companies have faced a dilemma, whether they should follow the strategic management process or not, and if the answer is negative, then how should they achieve success and gain competitive advantage. The purpose of this research is to present the theory of de-strategization to answer these questions. In order to carry out this research, Phronetic iterative qualitative method has been used. The research sample includes fifteen companies in the private sector located in Tehran and its suburbs, which were selected purposefully. Based on the findings of this research, the adoption of de-strategizing policy is more effective than creating strategy. Strategy-creating policy will lead to systematic cognitive bias under the title of blind spot of competitive disadvantage and will cause the formation of four paradoxes including strategic management knowledge, effort-result, adherence to strategy-abandoning strategy, and job stress. But de-strategization does not mean inaction, so it is necessary to pay attention to the four recommendations mentioned in this article. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        976 - Designing an Optimal Combination of General and Specialized Competencies of IT Managers (Case study: Bank Mellat)
        masoud saeidpanah seyed mehdi alvani seyed zabiholah hashemi
        Today, organizations are faced with a huge volume of general and specialized competencies for selecting and appointing managers of their various fields of work from existing candidates, and the elimination of a model from the optimal combination of these competencies is More
        Today, organizations are faced with a huge volume of general and specialized competencies for selecting and appointing managers of their various fields of work from existing candidates, and the elimination of a model from the optimal combination of these competencies is evident in the process of selecting and appointing managers. The purpose of this study is to design a model of optimal combination of competencies of IT managers to achieve meritocracy, meritocracy and justice in Bank Mellat as one of the most important economic poles and vital infrastructure of the country This research is descriptive and applied one and from a typological point of view is among the mixed studies (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative approach, using the theme analysis of the results of semi-structured interviews with the community of senior IT managers of the bank, the most important competencies were extracted, categorized and approved by experts. In the quantitative part of the research, after weighting and classification of collecting data by the questionnaire, using a mathematical model, an optimal and ranked combination of the most important specialized and general competencies for use in the selection, appointment, the succession of IT managers in four areas of information technology management (Deputy CEO of the Bank in the field of Information Technology, Director of Information Technology, Head of the General Directorate of Information Technology and Deputy Director General of Information Technology) is presented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        977 - Technology Strategic Planning Model in Petrochemical Industry Using the Network Analysis Process (Case Study: Iranian Petrochemical Industry)
        Yaghoub Rashnavadi Mohammad Ali Rouhollahi
        Nowadays increasing importance role of technology in economic performance improvement and business success is known by managers; therefore, in order to create sustainable competitive advantage in modern management studies technology investment is required. In This regar More
        Nowadays increasing importance role of technology in economic performance improvement and business success is known by managers; therefore, in order to create sustainable competitive advantage in modern management studies technology investment is required. In This regard, technology planning is essential to ensure the right choices and key technology development. The purpose of this study is to practice a technology strategic planning framework in order to invest in technology with overall objectives and strategies. For this purpose, analytical network process (ANP) and sensitivity analysis have been used. Previous studies applied analytical hierarchy process. Since this method is not suitable for study of mutual relations between criteria and alternatives, we used analytical network process instead. Through this process, objectives, strategies and technology alternatives find meaningful relation with ; their role were identified by sensitivity analysis, and finally scenarios for decision making were created. The proposed model is implemented in Iran petrochemical industry and as a result, improvement, development , localization of technology , process of Olefin and Paraffin production, Polymer Nano composites , Polymer membranes and Membranous and Hybrid bioreactors, Polyethylene terephthalate , Methanol synthesis and acetic acid synthesis catalysts were identified as petrochemical industry technology priorities. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        978 - The Effect of Production Strategies on Competitive Priorities and Exports of Special Tactical Vehicle Products
        Hamed Khanzadeh Seyed Morteza Madani Ali Nopour Holari
        Production strategy is one of the most important types of applied strategy that plays a role in shaping the necessary competencies for competition among organizations. In this research, according to the background of the research and interviews with the experts of the s More
        Production strategy is one of the most important types of applied strategy that plays a role in shaping the necessary competencies for competition among organizations. In this research, according to the background of the research and interviews with the experts of the special tactical vehicle industry, the competitive priorities and strategic measures of production in the mentioned industry were identified and the conceptual model of the research was formed. Then by finding the strategic production actions that has been affected by competitive priorities, we discussed their effects on export performance. Analysis of research data was done using inferential statistics such as correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions; First, by using Kendall's correlation coefficient, the relationship of each of the four competitive priorities of quality, flexibility, cost reduction, and delivery capability was investigated with each of the twenty-seven selected strategic measures and significant relationships were identified. Then we analyzed the effect of the mentioned actions that has been affected by competitive priorities on the performance related to priorities in order to know its extent. On the other hand, we answered the question that to what extent, the mentioned combination of measures can improve the export performance of the studied units. The results showed that the specified set of measures can improve performance by 74.6% of quality, 9.2% of cost reduction, 61.1% of flexibility and 49.9% of delivery capability. Also, the set of strategic production measures can affect profitability by 44.5% at most. So, it can be concluded that other factors such as marketing, effective and appropriate communication, etc. are also effective on profitability. At the end, the limitations of the research were mentioned and suggestions for future research were presented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        979 - The Model of Competitive Performance Improvement Emphasizing the Theory of Dynamic Capabilities in Iran's Oil and Gas Industries
        seyedreza rahnamaytohidi Houshang Taghizadeh Soleyman Iranzadeh
        .... According to the dynamic capabilities theory, adopting and pursuing appropriate strategies in the form of coherent and intertwined meta-processes can lead to the creation and promotion of key and distinctive capabilities of the organization. Therefore, one of the More
        .... According to the dynamic capabilities theory, adopting and pursuing appropriate strategies in the form of coherent and intertwined meta-processes can lead to the creation and promotion of key and distinctive capabilities of the organization. Therefore, one of the necessities of promoting competitive performance is to adopt and pursue appropriate strategies in order to improve and enhance the dynamic capabilities of the organization. The purpose of this study was to present a model of competitive performance in the field of international markets with emphasizing theory of dynamic capacity in Iran's oil and gas industry. This research is a fundamental and in terms of method, is a combination of qualitative and quantitative that utilized in two phases. In first phase, systematic review and extraction of the content model were performed with the help of scientometric and text mining tools. In the second phase, 27 themes and in 7 categories, in the form of a questionnaire and after checking validity and reliability among the subsidiaries experts of the oil and gas industry is distributed. After data collection, the research model was evaluated through the statistical approach of confirmatory factor analysis using SmartPLS software. The findings of the second phase indicate the confirmation by experts as effective factors in promoting competitive performance with emphasis on the theory of organizational dynamic capacity in Iran's oil and gas industry. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        980 - Identification and Analysis of Influencing Key Factors On Strategic Thinking as a Core Competency in Organization
        roxana kashani gholamabas shekari
        Strategic thinking plays a very important role in continuity, survival and progress in today's changing and dynamic environment. Strategic thinking is also a tool that helps managers to create a new opportunity. The role of managers in the process of strategic planning More
        Strategic thinking plays a very important role in continuity, survival and progress in today's changing and dynamic environment. Strategic thinking is also a tool that helps managers to create a new opportunity. The role of managers in the process of strategic planning and decision-making depends on their thinking way, and the strategic planning frameworks only provide questions that are based on the methodology of managers and their thinking in decision making. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the key factors affecting on strategic thinking as a core competency in the organization. In this research, firstly based on literature review, 23 key factors (competencies) of strategic thinking were determined, then a questionnaire distributed to professors and experts in relevant field and their views on the key factors or adding other key factors, have questioned which ultimately 8 key factor were identified. After identifying final key factors, their effects and interrelationships questioned form professors and experts through another questionnaire. At the end, using an integrated method including Grey system theory and DEMATEL technique, the data analyzing was accomplished. The results show that the level of effectiveness, impressionability and interaction of factors and grouping them is on cause and effect factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        981 - Identifying the Mental Model of Competence of Strategic Managers (Case Study: Khorasan Razavi Welfare Organization)
        kazem nasirpour moslem cherabin ahmad akbari davoud kaveh
        The purpose of this study is to identify the mental pattern of competence of strategic managers of the welfare organization. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method and exploratory (mixed) in terms of analyzed data. Since th More
        The purpose of this study is to identify the mental pattern of competence of strategic managers of the welfare organization. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method and exploratory (mixed) in terms of analyzed data. Since the aim is to identify the mental patterns of experts in relation to competence, the Q method has been used in the qualitative part. Participants in the quality section were 15 experts and professors of management schools, managers and senior deputies of the Welfare Organization of Khorasan Razavi Province of Khorasan Razavi Province who were selected by purposive sampling. The participants completing the Q tables are 12 prominent professors of management in the universities of Khorasan Razavi province who were provided with the mentioned tables. In this study, long-term conflict has been used for credibility in the qualitative part. Formal validity was used to assess the validity of data collection tools in a small part and the researcher has confirmed the Q options to professors and experts. Reliability of the research tool Cronbach's alpha method is used, which shows the high reliability of Q expressions and their sorting results in Q diagrams. The results showed that the highest consensus on factor one (strategic competencies) was 14.779 and the lowest consensus on the fourth factor (leadership competencies) was 13.638. It should be noted that individual competencies rank second in the category of views and organizational competencies rank third.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        982 - Presentation of Strategies for Changing Organizational Culture Based on the Framework of Competitive Values and Cultural Dynamics in IRIB
        Keivan Mozafari Esmaeil Kavousy akbar etebaryan
        &nbsp;Organizational culture is one of the tools for measuring the function of organizations. Moreover, organizational decisions taken by a shift in organizational culture affects the functions of the organization and increases its effectiveness.&nbsp;The current resear More
        &nbsp;Organizational culture is one of the tools for measuring the function of organizations. Moreover, organizational decisions taken by a shift in organizational culture affects the functions of the organization and increases its effectiveness.&nbsp;The current research aims at identifying the desired organizational culture in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (I.R.I.B) to provide strategies for cultural change. The research method is mixed.&nbsp;Evaluation indicators, components, aspects of organizational culture, and field threats and opportunities were identified by interviewing the media correspondents.&nbsp;Then these indicators were integrated with a tool for measuring organizational culture to identify the status of I.R.I.B.&rsquo;s organizational culture in line with competitive values, levels of cultural dynamism and the six organizational features, in both existing and desirable situations. Subsequently&nbsp;strengths and weaknesses have been extracted.&nbsp;The statistical population of the research includes news, TV broadcast and planning fields.&nbsp;The research findings show that the dominant discourse in the current status of organizational culture in I.R.I.B. is hierarchical and cultural convergence is not observed in the levels of cultural dynamism and the six organizational features. While in a desirable situation, the emphasis should be placed on the characteristics of both progressive culture and market culture.&nbsp;&nbsp;Meanwhile, by using SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) techniques, strategies in the areas of &ldquo;structure and planning&rdquo;, &ldquo;content and message&rdquo;, &ldquo;infrastructure and technical&rdquo;, cyber space and human resources have been planned and suggested. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        983 - Designing and Explaining the Content and Strategic Elements of the Strategic Thinking Competency Model (Case Study: the National Iranian Gas Company)
        mirzahasan hosseini Mohammad Mahmoodi Meymand Mohammad Taghi Amini nima rahmani
        Strategic thinking studies have been developed over the past two decades mainly in two branches of psychology and management. Late researchers have proposed a hybrid approach that has led to the development of an organizational competency. To this end, the purpose of th More
        Strategic thinking studies have been developed over the past two decades mainly in two branches of psychology and management. Late researchers have proposed a hybrid approach that has led to the development of an organizational competency. To this end, the purpose of this study was to develop a process model of strategic thinking as an organizational competency and in terms of two dimensions of content and strategy for managers of Gas Company, as its content and strategic elements, based on environmental requirements and the underlying factors. This research was carried out within the framework of a qualitative approach that was explained through the Grounded Theory and coding of the meta-synthesis of elements and components of the competence of strategic thinking. To this end, data was collected using a targeted sampling method and semi-structured interviews with experts as well as a snapshot of documents. Then, concepts and effective categories were extracted through theoretical coding with a systematic approach, as well as meta-synthesis questionnaires. Consequently, a general proposition that expresses the conceptual and generalized relationships between the components of the model of competence of strategic thinking is presented. The findings showed that the content dimension (central category) of strategic thinking, which was named as insight, includes five divergent ways of thinking that aim to produce creative and effective strategic options. And thinking strategies, which include six convergent and goal-oriented ways of thinking, select effective strategic options with an analytical approach. Also, the content dimension of strategic thinking (insight) is necessary in response to environmental requirements and through thinking strategies, develops organizational capabilities in accordance with environmental requirements. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        984 - Explaining a Model Based on Providing a Model of Indicators of Competencies and Skills of Media Managers
        maryam vasheghani farahani aliakbar farhangi mohammadreza rasouli
        Media is one of the powerful tools of development and media management achieves how to achieve this goal. In this research, the model of competency indicators and skills of media managers has been studied. This research is applied and is mixed in terms of research metho More
        Media is one of the powerful tools of development and media management achieves how to achieve this goal. In this research, the model of competency indicators and skills of media managers has been studied. This research is applied and is mixed in terms of research method. In the qualitative part, the data approach of the foundation has been used. And in a small part of statistics Descriptive and inferential statistics have been used. The statistical population of this research was in the qualitative part of managers and experts in the field of media who were selected by snowball and purposeful method. The interview with the participants continued until the theoretical saturation reached and this important point was obtained in interview 12. Qualitative data analysis of the research consists of three stages of coding (open, axial and selective) using the powerful software MAXQDA2018. Cochran's formula was estimated at 298 people. Structural equation modeling using PLS3 software has been used to analyze the data in a quantitative part. The research results have shown that the capabilities of media managers include four categories of capabilities: macro level, micro level, organizational level and individual level Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        985 - Designing and Validating a Model for Integrating Customer Knowledge Management and Customer Relationship Management with a Competitive Advantage Approach in the Iranian Banking Industry
        Saba Heydari Fariz TaheriKia Niloofar Imankhan
        Integrating customer knowledge management and customer relationship management may be considered as one of the most important fields of competitive advantage in the third millennium, which is an opportunity to use knowledge-based and customer-oriented manpower, with max More
        Integrating customer knowledge management and customer relationship management may be considered as one of the most important fields of competitive advantage in the third millennium, which is an opportunity to use knowledge-based and customer-oriented manpower, with maximum effectiveness in business and value creation for the customer. The study is applied in terms of purpose and a survey description in terms of data collection. The statistical population in number of 1235, which a statistical sample of 293 people has been extracted according to the Morgan sample size determination table. Sampling method is convenience sampling and a questionnaire was used to collect data. In this research, model equations and analyzes have been done by using structural equation modeling through Smart PLS software. The results showed that casual conditions (response of the bank to the external environment, implement international standards and bank social responsibility), contextual conditions (change the approach of the bank's senior management and liberalize and deregulate the government) and intervening conditions (bank empowerment culture and dynamic competition) have a positive and significant impact on integrating customer knowledge management and customer relationship management. Among the proposed strategies integrated marketing, development of technology and modern banking services and strategic alliance have a positive and significant impact on integrating customer knowledge management and customer relationship management but delta model doesn&rsquo;t have a significant impact. Customer knowledge management and customer relationship management has a positive and significant impact on gaining a competitive advantage for the bank, increasing customer satisfaction and strengthening banking services in society. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        986 - A Survey on the Influence of Museum Experience on Intercultural Competence with Structural Equation Approach (Case Study for Iranian and Afghan students))
        leila kalantari hassanali pourmand Reza Afhami
        Achieving social acceptance and respect for cultural diversity, requires recognition and awareness of attitudes and behavioral discrepancies among individuals in multicultural societies. The university atmosphere, as an important educational center that attracts persons More
        Achieving social acceptance and respect for cultural diversity, requires recognition and awareness of attitudes and behavioral discrepancies among individuals in multicultural societies. The university atmosphere, as an important educational center that attracts persons with different intellectual and cultural background, plays a significant role in presenting such awareness to the students. Furthermore, given the change in function and outlook of museums in recent century and their focus on social, educational issues, and public interest and needs, the impact of museums on raising such awareness is substantial. This article aims to evaluate the impact of museum experience on intercultural competence of Iranian-Afghan students in academic atmosphere. The conceptual framework is designed based on Deardorff Intercultural Competence Model. This developmental survey was done using questionnaire and holding an exhibition in form of museum experience among Iranian-Afghan students in Kharazmi University. Structural Equation Modeling was applied to analyze the data. Our findings show that raising awareness through museum experience has a considerable impact on intercultural competence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        987 - Investigating the Interconnection of Intercultural Competence With the Approach of Structural Equations
        vali mohammad darini ehsan namdar joyami
        &nbsp; Increasing the interaction between native and non-native students and from two Shiite and Sunni groups ... and from regions and other countries provided a new opportunity for Iranian students studying at Sistan and Baluchestan University to participate in interna More
        &nbsp; Increasing the interaction between native and non-native students and from two Shiite and Sunni groups ... and from regions and other countries provided a new opportunity for Iranian students studying at Sistan and Baluchestan University to participate in international and national communication and intercultural communication. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between intercultural competency and intercultural competence among students of Sistan and Baluchestan University. The present research is aimed at the field of applied research and is a correlation type field study. The statistical population of this research is the students of Sistan and Baluchestan University with a population of 18,000. The cluster and random sampling method is simple. The sample size is 376 according to Morgan's table. In this research, a general hypothesis and three partial hypotheses have been developed. In the main hypothesis of the relationship between intercultural competence and sub-hypothesis, the relationship between intercultural interaction with intercultural competency dimensions (intercultural knowledge - intercultural skills - intercultural motivation) has been investigated. All of the questions have been confirmed and have a meaningful relationship have shown that their magnitude is, for the main hypothesis and sub-assumptions, respectively: 0.41, 0.34, 0.41, and 0.36. The findings suggest that if a person has intercultural knowledge and skills and intercultural motivation and can have proper behavior and speech with other cultures without a theoretical and practical conflict, one can say that the person has intercultural competence. To the contrary, the greater the intercultural competence among students, the intercultural interaction of different religions and different cities at the university can be observed, and students of different cultural backgrounds will interact. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        988 - Model of Cultural Competencies of Human Resources from the Point of View of Islam (with an Emphasis on Alavi and Razavi Cultures)
        ehsan namdar jovami seyed aghil roshan noormohamad yaghobi badraldin yazdani
        In the spiritual teachings of Shiism in Islam, the infallibles in the status of perfect human beings have been a model for the believers and are the source of evangelism and guidance of seekers of eternal divine truths in Islamic culture. This article seeks a model of c More
        In the spiritual teachings of Shiism in Islam, the infallibles in the status of perfect human beings have been a model for the believers and are the source of evangelism and guidance of seekers of eternal divine truths in Islamic culture. This article seeks a model of cultural competencies in the life and culture of the infallibles, especially Alavi and Razavi culture in dealing with other people in cultural relations, so that by better understanding cultural competencies, this model for believers seeking knowledge and truth to the extent Use their power and capacity. According to the purpose of the research, the research question is: What is the model (dimensions and components) of cultural competencies from the perspective of Islam (Quran and Infallibles) with emphasis on Alawite and Razavi culture? In this regard, and to answer this question, qualitative content analysis method was used using thematic analysis method using the Delphi technique to confirm its validity and reliability. After careful study of texts (scientific documents and verses and narrations), the resulting concepts were extracted and a code was assigned to each. Then, similar concepts were identified and by combining them, sub-themes were compiled. Finally, it was approved by a group of experts and technicians in three stages, and the final model was extracted and approved. Findings of research in two main themes include: the first theme, respect and recognition of mutual culture while adhering to their own culture and the second theme is appropriate treatment of reciprocal culture and each of the main themes has several sub-themes that are presented in the research findings They have been talked about in detail. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        989 - Effect of weed competition on yield, yield components maize cultivar Early 704 (the second culture) in Lorestan Kuhdasht
        Amin Adinehvand Masoud Rafeiee Manouchehr Sayah far
        In order to effect of weeds relative time of emergence on single cross 704 Corn (Zea mays) yield was studied in different density levels of the mentioned weed. The experimental design was split plot based on Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with three replicatio More
        In order to effect of weeds relative time of emergence on single cross 704 Corn (Zea mays) yield was studied in different density levels of the mentioned weed. The experimental design was split plot based on Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in 2012 was carried out in Koohdasht, Lurestan. The emergence time was considered in 3 levels of E1, E2 and E3 (emergence of the weed 14 days earlier, 7 days earlier and simultaneously with corn, respectively) as main plots and density of weed in 6 levels of D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 plants per m2, respectively)as subplots. The height, laef area index (LAI) of corn decreased with earlier emergence time and increasing the density of the Weeds. Also, earlier emergence time of weeds at high densities lead to the reduction in yield component (ear length, diameter and weight, number of seed row in ear, number of seed in row and thousand seed weight). The results showed that a decreasing in grain and biological yield of Corn, as the emergence time of Corn delayed in comparison with the emergence time of weeds. The maximum reduction in grain and biological yield of Corn was observed in 14 days earlier emergence of weeds compared to Corn in high density of this weed (20 plants per m2) with 100 and 99 percent respectively, as Corn plants were put in canopies of weeds plants. Totally, based on the results of this research it can be stated that as the number of the earlier emergence days of weeds compared to the Corn increase, the competitive potential of the Corn reduces and an intense decrease is being observed in its yield. Though, the increase in density of the weed resulted in grain and biological yield reduction, there was no difference between the process of reduction in high densities of weed.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        990 - Fault Identification using end-to-end data by imperialist competitive algorithm
        Farhad Rad Seyed Reza Hosseinpour Hamid Parvin
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        991 - Petroleum Tax Regime in Iran
        Nader Mirzadeh Koohshahi Tahmineh Rahmani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        992 - The Casual Relationship of Strategic Alliance, Human Resource Flexibility and Sources of Organizational Conflict with Competitive Advantages in the Sport Industry Products
        bahman shahriary abbas khodayari ali zaree
        AbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for causal relationship of strategic alliance, human resource flexibility, and sources of organizational conflict with competitive advantages in the industry of sports production. The method of More
        AbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for causal relationship of strategic alliance, human resource flexibility, and sources of organizational conflict with competitive advantages in the industry of sports production. The method of this study was descriptive causal, which was conducted by survey method. Participants in this study included 306 owners, managers, marketing managers, and sales managers of sports production units in Tehran city. For data collection, four questionnaires were used to get the specific data which were the Strategic Alliance (r=0.88), Competitive Advantage (r=0.88), Organizational Conflict Resources (r=0.89), and Human Resource Flexibility (r=0.86). After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, these questionnaires were distributed among the participants. In addition, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that strategic alliance significantly has a direct effect on the two components of human resource flexibility (0.27) and sources of organizational conflict (0.34). Moreover, organizational conflict resources significantly have a negative effect on human resource flexibility (-0.47). Furthermore, human resource flexibility has the greatest impact on competitive advantage (0.62). This coefficient is the sum of the indirect effects of strategic alliance and sources of organizational conflict, as well as the direct effect of human resource flexibility on competitive advantage. The following conclusion can be drawn from the present study that the management of the different companies of sports production enters the trade unions with full confidence, to take into account the issues within the organization, such as cost-effectiveness and time, which create a competitive advantage. Consequently, they can turn a competitive advantage from an impermanence competitive advantage to sustainable competitive advantage.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        993 - Prioritizing the Economical Strategies of Sporting Companies by Using the AHP-TOPSIS Integration Method
        ahmad torkfar
        This research aimed to identify and prioritize the strategies of sports production companies in the direction of economic development of sports using AHP-TOPSIS integration method (case study: Jame Jam Sports Company). The research method was survey. In order to identif More
        This research aimed to identify and prioritize the strategies of sports production companies in the direction of economic development of sports using AHP-TOPSIS integration method (case study: Jame Jam Sports Company). The research method was survey. In order to identify the strategies of Jame Jam Sports Company, the theoretical saturation method and identifying the experts of the studied company by snowball method were used to identify the strategies. In order to analyze the research data, AHP and TOPSIS methods were used SUPER DECISION software and BT TopSis SoLver software. According to the results of the research, it was found that the most important strategies of Jame Jam Sports Company included the strategy of merging with other companies, the strategy of vertical integration upwards and the strategy of heterogeneous diversity. Therefore, the company needs to integrate with other companies in order to create a stronger structure through the development and improvement of its capabilities. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        994 - Presentation of Iran' Competency Sport Coaching Paradigm Model Based on Grounded Theory
        Alireza Zamani Nukaabadi shahram aroufzad Rasool Nazari ahmadreza movahedi
        The purpose of this study was presentation of Iran' Competency Sport coaching that was done using a systematic design of grounded theory. Participants in the present study were sports coaches and athletes in various disciplines and context, twenty of whom were selected More
        The purpose of this study was presentation of Iran' Competency Sport coaching that was done using a systematic design of grounded theory. Participants in the present study were sports coaches and athletes in various disciplines and context, twenty of whom were selected by theoretical sampling for in-depth interviews, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data. 450 code with fifteen categories and 60 concepts in the form of six categories of paradigm model including phenomena included sport coaching competency, causal conditions in the form of four categories of coaching knowledge, coaching skills, coaching characteristics and coaching philosophy, context in form of five categories including training management, competition management, social relationship, social behavior and role play, consequences in form two categories included sport consequences and social consequences, environment conditions in form two categories included variety in sport environment and variety in athletes, and strategies in form of one category included pursuit of development and excellence identified. What is evident in sports coaching is the favorable output of athletes, both technically and socially. The result of a sports coach's competence is the trust of the players and the managers and the fans in that coach, and the higher the coach's competency is perceived, the more his trust and athletes' satisfaction increases. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        995 - Effect of Proactive Personality on Job Proactive Behavior of Physical Education Experts of Education Departments with the Mediating Role of Sense of Competence
        hadi taghizadeh akram esfahani niya saeed ghorbani
        AbstractThe purpose of present research was to study the effect of proactive personality on job proactive behavior of physical education experts of education departments with the mediating role of sense of competence. The research method is a descriptive survey. The pop More
        AbstractThe purpose of present research was to study the effect of proactive personality on job proactive behavior of physical education experts of education departments with the mediating role of sense of competence. The research method is a descriptive survey. The population of study consisted of all physical education experts of the Iranian Education Departments (1141 persons), which according to Cochran formula, 288 participants were selected as sample size by the stratified random sampling method. To gather the research data, questionnaires of Proactive Personality of Bharati et al (2018), Sense of Competence in Job of Van den Broeck et al (2010) and Job Proactive Behavior of Parker et al (2008) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used for data analysis. The results of the study indicated that the proactive personality has a positive and significant effect on the physical education experts&rsquo; sense of competence in job. Also, the effect of proactive personality on physical education experts&rsquo; job proactive behavior was positive and significant. Another part of the research results showed that the effect of sense of competence in job on job proactive behavior is positive and significant. Finally, the results indicated that the effect of proactive personalty on job proactive behavior of physical education experts with the mediating role of sense of competence in job is positive and significant. Based on the results of the research, it could be concluded that proactive personalty can have positive job outcomes such as sense of competence in job and job proactive behavior in physical education experts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        996 - Evaluation of Some Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes Yield and Yield Components and Competitive Index with Weeds
        Maryam Motagi Shahpar Mehrshad Barari Eskandar Zand Seyed Mohsen Seyedi Afshar Azadbakht
        In order to study the competitiveness of bean genotypes with weeds, a field experiment was carried out at Agricultural research station of the faculty of agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam during 2010 growing season. The experimental design was a split plot based on RCB More
        In order to study the competitiveness of bean genotypes with weeds, a field experiment was carried out at Agricultural research station of the faculty of agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam during 2010 growing season. The experimental design was a split plot based on RCBD with four replications. Treatments consisted of two weed levels (with and without weeds) assigned in main plot and eight bean genotypes (Goli, Sayad, Akhtar, Derakhshan, Khomein, KS21193, KS21191 and G14088) placed in sub-plot. The results of analysis of variance showed that both factors weed presence and genotypes had a significant effect on number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, seed 100 weight, grain yield and biological yield. However, the interaction of two factors were not significant for grain yield, biological yield, and seed 100 weight. Maximum grain yield (309.09 and 354.77 g/m2, respectively) achieved in non-weed treatment and KS21191genotype. The results also indicated that Khomein genotype had highest competitive index (1.42) and Akhtar had the lowest (0.71). Based on the results indeterminate and runner genotypes showed higher competitive ability compared to determinate and erect genotypes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        997 - Russia's ethics for the Syrian civil war and the US response
        fatemeh sadat maloomi afshin zargar
        The Syrian civil war, which has been the most important crisis in the Middle East over the past seven years, has turned the region into a rivalry and rivalry between regional and trans-national powers. The geographic extent of the conflict, the high volume of damage, th More
        The Syrian civil war, which has been the most important crisis in the Middle East over the past seven years, has turned the region into a rivalry and rivalry between regional and trans-national powers. The geographic extent of the conflict, the high volume of damage, the occurrence of extreme violence and the direct and indirect presence The numerous international actors on the scene of operational battles have made the crisis one of the most unique examples of the past decade. The nature of international phenomena has shown that great powers in a multilateral structure, along with co-operation and competition, seek to stabilize the power equivalence in the international environment. Russia has been the main actor in Syria in recent years and has been the strongest player among foreign actors in Syria, but on the other side of the United States, with multiple instruments under the pretext of confronting ISIL's threat and preventing Iran from penetrating Syria in this crisis-affected country. Has played a role that has not been in line with the interests of Russia. In this way, there is a clear and secret opposition between Russia and the United States in Syria. In this article, we examine this contradiction. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        998 - The Process of Iran's Membership in the World Trade Organisation from the Perspective of International Competition Law
        Rahmat Hajimineh Taher Haidar Zadeh
        Joining the World Trade Organization opens up a competitive market to Iranian producers through which they can market their capabilities. As a country that is not a member of the World Trade Organization, which is responsible for the free trade and full mobility of good More
        Joining the World Trade Organization opens up a competitive market to Iranian producers through which they can market their capabilities. As a country that is not a member of the World Trade Organization, which is responsible for the free trade and full mobility of goods and services worldwide, it will not be able to compete in global markets. International competition law is also cited as one of the essentials and factors contributing to the success of free market economies. If there is healthy competition among production and distribution actors, economic efficiency will rise and public welfare will increase and violations of international competition law will have adverse effects on economic efficiency. Therefore, legal systems are designed to counteract anti-competitive practices and to compensate for them by designing legal mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to examine Iran's WTO membership process from the perspective of international competition law. This study raises the question: what are the challenges in terms of Iran's international competition rights to join the World Trade Organisation? Descriptive-analytically evaluates the hypothesis that from the perspective of Iran's international competition for membership in the World Trade Organisation, there must be a great deal of effort in reforming laws and regulations, industrial and economic infrastructure, global quality production, business environment, banking system and Customs and privatisation. The findings of the study also prove this. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        999 - New middle class capitals in the field of political competitions of the Islamic Republic of Iran (case of study: period of reforms and fundamentalism)
        alijan moradi jo
        10.30495/psq.2023.1985069.2199
        The upcoming article seeks to investigate the role of the influential capitals of the new middle class in the political competitions of the Islamic Republic of Iran; In this regard, while examining Bourdieu's practical theory, explaining the types of capital and the com More
        The upcoming article seeks to investigate the role of the influential capitals of the new middle class in the political competitions of the Islamic Republic of Iran; In this regard, while examining Bourdieu's practical theory, explaining the types of capital and the compatibility of this theory with the political environment of Iran, the author has addressed the role of new middle class capitals in the political contests of the period known as reformism and fundamentalism. In terms of methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study that has been used to collect information from library and documentary methods. What economic, social, political, cultural and symbolic capitals did the new middle class use in the political contests of the Islamic Republic of Iran and how did they exploit these capitals? It constitutes the most important question of the present research. In sum, the results of the research show that the most important influential capitals of the new middle class are intellectuals, students, civil and non-governmental organizations, celebrities, national bourgeoisie, strategic agencies, prestigious groups, the press, and political parties and organizations that compete with the traditional middle class in They used them during national elections. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1000 - The role of Yemen's internal developments in the regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in 2010-2020
        narjes arabshahi behnaz azhdari
        The continuous and stable competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East region has a long history,and according to internal,regional and international tensions and issues,the rules of their behavior and performance are different from each other.The politi More
        The continuous and stable competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East region has a long history,and according to internal,regional and international tensions and issues,the rules of their behavior and performance are different from each other.The political approach emanating from this competition has been less based on cooperation,more based on confrontation and sometimes conflict. Yemen&#039;s internal developments after the Arab Spring, and Saudi Arabia&#039;s role as a godfather to this country due to Yemen&#039;s strategic location, caused Saudi Arabia to adopt a hostile policy.Accusing Iran of supporting Yemen&#039;s Ansarullah turned this crisis-stricken country into a field of competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia. This research seeks to answer the question, what role does Yemen&#039;s internal developments play in the regional political competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia?The hypothesis of the research in response to the question is that the internal developments in Yemen have caused the direction of the aggressive foreign policy of Saudi Arabia towards Iran.The purpose of the research is to investigate the role of the Houthis in the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia, and the method of data collection is the use of library and internet documents. The findings of the research show that Saudi Arabia has made a systematic change in its foreign policy under the title of &quot;Salman Doctrine&quot; due to the challenges facing the region.The competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the field of Yemen is analyzed in the framework of Barry Buzan&#039;s regional security theory as a theoretical framework. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1001 - Explanation of Obstacles to the Realization of Silk from the Perspective of the Convergence Theory
        Ghasem Torabi Raziye Saneie
        China&rsquo;s one belt one road (OBOR) initiative unveiled by President Xi Jinping in 2013, aims to restore the country&rsquo;s old land and sea trade routes and to boost economic connectivity between Asia, Europe and Africa. It covers 65 countries and six economic corr More
        China&rsquo;s one belt one road (OBOR) initiative unveiled by President Xi Jinping in 2013, aims to restore the country&rsquo;s old land and sea trade routes and to boost economic connectivity between Asia, Europe and Africa. It covers 65 countries and six economic corridors accounting for two thirds of the world&rsquo;s population and one third of the world&rsquo;s GDP. In this paper the authors look at the opportunities it offers and some of the challenges for investors China&rsquo;s one belt one road.&nbsp; In this sense, we focused on domestic constraints, tensions in China's neighbourhood, and great power rivalries. Finally, we tried to offer several suggestions regarding the improvement of China&rsquo;s initiative. The suggestions concern the initiative&rsquo;s planning and implementation, the means to improve its bilateral relations with neighbours and great powers, in order to be perceived as a responsible power on the international arena. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1002 - Paradox of Development Models in Russia; Three Decade of Research and Their Approaches
        Jahangir Karami
        &nbsp; Development complication has been changed to one of vitally problem for Russian intellectual society form 18th century which caused to make some believing that has been roots of lot great changes up to know and have still made to involve the country's political e More
        &nbsp; Development complication has been changed to one of vitally problem for Russian intellectual society form 18th century which caused to make some believing that has been roots of lot great changes up to know and have still made to involve the country's political executive climate. That&rsquo;s in which model can help Russia to goal as one of developed country? Which linage can be finding with traditions, validity and Russia conditions?&nbsp; And which output has along for government, people and society. Those questions are most important questions be asked from first efforts of believing to achieve developing method in Russia. Main idea of this article says that developing methods has almost been from Europeans country during three decade but they have changed to the Russians method normally in practical attitude. The development method as Local form has not been applicable to do in political level based on the Russian intellectuals. In direction of achieving intellect issue in this article, it have been&nbsp; strong studies&nbsp; in great changing of development method&nbsp; in Russia, political &amp;philosophy thinking and practical operations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1003 - Impact of Technology-based Instruction on the Improvement of Iranian EFL Learners' Metaphorical Competence
        Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi
        Metaphors play an important role in language learning. Previous research has shown that Iranian EFL learners often struggle with the use and comprehension of metaphors in English, which can hinder their overall language proficiency. In recent years, technology-based ins More
        Metaphors play an important role in language learning. Previous research has shown that Iranian EFL learners often struggle with the use and comprehension of metaphors in English, which can hinder their overall language proficiency. In recent years, technology-based instruction has gained popularity in language learning, and many studies have investigated its effectiveness in improving learners' language skills. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of technology-based instruction on learners' metaphorical competence. The present study aims to fill this gap by investigating the impact of technology-based instruction on the improvement of Iranian EFL learners' metaphorical competence. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental design was employed, with two groups of participants: an experimental group (n=30) who received technology-based instruction on metaphors, and a control group (n=30) who received traditional instruction. Data were collected using a pre-test and a post-test, which measured participants' metaphorical competence and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests. The results demonstrated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in post-test scores, indicating that technology-based instruction was effective in improving Iranian EFL learners' metaphorical competence. Implications for language teaching and learning are discussed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1004 - The effect of various plant density on the competitiveness of corn with natural population of weeds
        عبدالنور  چعب محمد حسين قرينه
        In order to study the effects of increasing corn plant density on competitive ability of corn with natural weed population in Khuzestan climate, a Randomized Complete Block design with four replications was conducted in the experimental field station at Ramin Agricultu More
        In order to study the effects of increasing corn plant density on competitive ability of corn with natural weed population in Khuzestan climate, a Randomized Complete Block design with four replications was conducted in the experimental field station at Ramin Agricultural and Natural resources, Mollasani university of Ahwaz. Treatments included pure stands of corn at three density ( 40000, 70000 and 100000 plants ha) and weed interference period to v9 and v13 in any of plant density ( 40000, 70000 and 100000 plant ha ). Also another additional treatment was adopted as weed-interference during the growth season with density of 70000 plant ha. Results showed that there was significant difference between the studied characters, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, grain number per ear, and row number per ear, grain number per row and 1000-kernel weight among treatments. The studied characters were severely reduced by increasing the duration of weed interference after corn emergence. In addition, results showed that with corn plant increasing density, corn plants tolerated the presence of weeds until v9 stage with approximately 6-15% in yield loss. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1005 - Determination of Suitability for medicinal functions in Daj rangelands in Bam county
        Mina Alizadeh Reza Bagheri
        Daj region, which is part of Bam city, has high potential in the field of medicinal plants due to its great plant diversity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the suitability for the use of medicinal plants in this field. This research was c More
        Daj region, which is part of Bam city, has high potential in the field of medicinal plants due to its great plant diversity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the suitability for the use of medicinal plants in this field. This research was conducted based on the method of FAO, 1991 (using Arc-GIS 10.4.1 package). In this method, to determine the suitability classes, the use of rangelands for different classes are considered as four good quality classes (S1), medium (S2), poor (S3) and unsatisfactory (N). The restrictive condition method was also used to determine the final model. According to the results, the most limiting environmental factor for harvesting medicinal species is the economic index of production. According to the results of this study The economic index of production is considered as an important limiting factor for competence, especially for the plant types of Fourtonia sp and Cousinia stocki, so that these two communities are considered unsuitable in terms of harvesting medicinal species and also plant types Rhazya stricta and Zygophllum eurypterum have poor competence in this index, according to this modeling, the competence of three plant communities of Amygdalus scoparia- Pistacia atlantica, Artemisia sieberi, Amygdalus scoparia was assessed as moderate which can be utilized by indigenous individuals to have better livelihood. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1006 - Decoding the impact of sustainable customer relationship management on sustainable competitive advantage with the mediating role of perceived relationship quality and moderating role of relational capital
        Sina Tayebi Rasool Rezaei
        Today, achieving sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) is crucial for life insurance service providers. Sustainable customer relationship management (SCRM) strategy and building quality relationships with customers as companies' assets are deemed suitable ways for gro More
        Today, achieving sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) is crucial for life insurance service providers. Sustainable customer relationship management (SCRM) strategy and building quality relationships with customers as companies' assets are deemed suitable ways for growth, advancement, and increasing the value of insurance companies. Based on this premise, this research aims to decode the impact of sustainable customer relationship management (SCRM) on sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) with the mediating role of perceived relationship quality and the moderating role of relational capital in the life insurance industry. This study, due to its practical objective and data collection approach, falls into the category of descriptive-survey research. The statistical population includes representatives, policyholders, and branches of MA insurance company in Tehran. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed, and 368 customers were selected as the study sample. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were conducted using SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS version 3 software. The research findings indicate the significant influence of sustainable CRM on perceived relationship quality and sustainable competitive advantage. Perceived relationship quality positively affects sustainable competitive advantage and acts as a mediator between sustainable CRM and sustainable competitive advantage. Relational capital cannot moderate the effect of sustainable CRM on relationship quality; however, it significantly moderates and enhances the impact of sustainable CRM on sustainable competitive advantage. Additionally, the impact of relationship quality on sustainable competitive advantage in the life insurance industry is moderated and strengthened by relational capital. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1007 - The present study aimed at designing and evaluating the leadership competency model of Islamic Azad University managers - a mixed approach.
        seyedeh fatemeh habibi mojgan amiriyanzadeh abadollah ahmadi reza zarei
        Methods: In the qualitative part, sequential-exploratory method and in a small part, descriptive-survey method have been used. Participants in the qualitative section included 21 academic experts who were purposefully selected using key experts and the method of theoret More
        Methods: In the qualitative part, sequential-exploratory method and in a small part, descriptive-survey method have been used. Participants in the qualitative section included 21 academic experts who were purposefully selected using key experts and the method of theoretical saturation. In the quantitative section of the statistical population in a small stage of this research all faculty and staff of Islamic Azad University of Fars Province 1730 employees and 1760 faculty members. To determine the sample size of the statistical population, cluster random sampling method was used, then 317 people were randomly selected from the clusters and a questionnaire was distributed. Research tool in the qualitative part of exploratory interview and It is also semi-structured and in a small section for evaluating university administrators Islamic Azad Fars Province Leadership Competency Questionnaire obtained in the qualitative phase designed based on themes, have been used. In the qualitative part, the analysis of the interviews was done using the thematic analysis method (basic, organizational and comprehensive themes) and in the quantitative part, for the analysis of the data, the exploratory factor analysis was confirmed. Results: Results of seven leadership competencies including visual competencies with a factor of 0.83, value-ethical competencies with a factor of 0.75, social-emotional competencies with a factor of 0.69, political competencies with a factor of 0.70, competency Technical-specialized factors with a factor of 0.83 and managerial-operational competencies with a factor of 0.77 and four factors affecting the competence of leadership of Azad University managers, including: ethics with a factor of 0.63, motivation with a factor of 0.77, management with a factor of interaction 0.79 and showed a structure with a factor of 0.69. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1008 - Training Needs for managers in Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) based on Competency Model
        somaye sehattalab shahroudi Nader Godini
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1009 - Synthesis research of manager's competency dimensions with emphasis on Islamic management.
        Lida SHeshpari Hossein Momenimahmouei
        The purpose of this study was to investiate the dimensions of competency of managers through research synthesis with emphasis on Islamic management. The study is qualitative and of synthesis research type. Population were comprised of all studies carried out on managers More
        The purpose of this study was to investiate the dimensions of competency of managers through research synthesis with emphasis on Islamic management. The study is qualitative and of synthesis research type. Population were comprised of all studies carried out on managers competency dimensions from databases between 2010 and 2022, totaling 140 articles, that were classified and screened through content analysis, of which 47 articles (8 external sources and 39 internal sources) that met the criteria of the research were selected by purposive sampling as a statistical sample and examined. In order to collect the required information, a checklist made by the researcher was used to report and record the information of the initial researches, which was collected by searching with different keywords related to the purpose of the research. Robert&rsquo;s six-stage model of synthesis research was used to analyze the findings. The validity of the proposed framework was evaluated on the basis of four criteria: credibility, transferability, trustworthiness, and confirmability. The result of the inductive and compositional content analysis of the categories is the extraction of the conceptual framework of the manager's competency dimensions factors around 4 levels: Belief-value, individual, professional (vocational) and managerial. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1010 - Providing and Validating a Competency Model for Principals of Entrepreneurial Schools
        Marzieh Jamei Yadollah Mehralizade Nasrollah Ghashghaeizadeh Mohammad Hosseinpour
        The purpose of this study was to present and validate the competency model for principals of entrepreneurial schools. The method of the present study was integrated (qualitative-quantitative) and applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative part, the participants inc More
        The purpose of this study was to present and validate the competency model for principals of entrepreneurial schools. The method of the present study was integrated (qualitative-quantitative) and applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative part, the participants included some experts and school principals in the field of entrepreneurship. Based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 8 people were selected and interviewed by purposive sampling. In the quantitative part of the research, the respondents included school principals. Sample size was selected with Sample power 320 software. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed based on the qualitative results of the first stage of the research. Based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability was estimated 0.86. To analyze the data in the qualitative part, the coding method was used and in the quantitative part, the structural equation method with the Smart Pls approach was used. Findings showed that causal conditions (vision, goals, mission, and values) have a significant relationship with the competence of entrepreneurial school principals; (T values ​​equal to 0.075, 3.892, 2.153 and 2.888, respectively), background conditions (network communication and organizational culture) affect the competence of school principals (T value equal to 2.114 and 2.628), interventionist conditions (personality traits) affect the competence of entrepreneurial school principals (T value 3.310), background conditions (communication network) And organizational culture) affected strategies (T value equal to 2.805 and 3.048), interventionist conditions (personality traits) affected strategies (T value equal to 7.588), and strategies affected performance management (T value equal to 318/18). Also, the overall GOF index of the fitting model was 0.534. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1011 - Validation of the MOQ-based curriculum management model and its impact on the development of students' professional competencies (case study: Islamic Azad University of Golestan province)
        Elham Shariati Ladan Salemi Vahid Fallah
        This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mock-based curriculum model and validating it in the development of students' professional competencies. The method of the current research is qualitative and quantitative in terms of the purpose of applied r More
        This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mock-based curriculum model and validating it in the development of students' professional competencies. The method of the current research is qualitative and quantitative in terms of the purpose of applied research and in terms of cross-sectional time, which was carried out using a mixed exploratory method. The statistical population of this research includes the students of Golestan Azad University in 1400. Two tools, questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used to collect data. In the mixed method design, the researcher first conceptualizes using qualitative research and then collects and analyzes qualitative data. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha index was used to determine reliability. Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data of the research. In this data analysis plan, axial coding was done in two stages of open coding. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and inferential statistics were used to investigate the research questions with the help of SPSS23 and PLS software. Also, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis has been used to investigate the research questions. The findings of the research showed that the goals, teaching-learning methods and evaluation of the Mock-based curriculum have a significant and significant effect on professional competencies. While the content of the Mock-based curriculum has no significant effect on the students' professional competencies. Mok-based curriculum evaluation has more predictive power for students' professional competencies.Mok-based curriculum evaluation has more predictive power for students' professional competencies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1012 - Present a conceptual model for designing managerial training programs based on managerial competence : Qualitative research
        Hassan Asheghi Mohammad Ghahramani Nadergholi Ghourchian
        &nbsp; In recent decades, the paradigm of development of managers has become an indispensable footing for the sustainable development of organizations, and the strategic development path for managers is education and learning. With such a philosophy of thought, the purp More
        &nbsp; In recent decades, the paradigm of development of managers has become an indispensable footing for the sustainable development of organizations, and the strategic development path for managers is education and learning. With such a philosophy of thought, the purpose of the present research is to provide a conceptual framework for designing a managerial training program in the banking industry with a professionalism approach in management. To achieve this goal, the qualitative research approach and semi-structured interview method have been used. To formulate the research framework, literature and the history of managerial development were studied and emphasized on managerial competencies. Literature review and subject background, framework and interview questions were developed. In the second step, the interviews were executed in the statistical society of the managers of the development co-operation bank by a targeted sampling method. In other words, the study population was bank executives and the sample was 15 of them. The data collection tools were interview forms and analytical method, content analysis.Findings of the research include identifying the elements and design elements of the training program for managers including five groups of managerial factors, namely: 1. Identifying and strengthening intellectual-value competencies, 2. Developing and improving abilities, 3. Improving and developing managerial skills,4- Development of know-how-specialized and 5. Strengthening and promoting interactions and communication capabilities of managers. The results of this study indicate that for training and professional improvement of managers in the field of money and banking, a training program based on five groups of factors should be emphasized on improving and improving knowledge, insight, skills, behavior, experience and characteristics of managers Has been compiled. Key words Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1013 - Expected Competencies of Master degree of curriculum graduates: a qualitative study
        Akbar Hedayat Hassan Maleki Alireza Sadeghi Ismail Sadipour
        Abstract The aim of this study is to identify expected competencies of Master degree of curriculum graduates. To achieve this purpose with qualitative research approach, through targeted sampling (to reach theoretical saturation), 24 people were selected (8 academic spe More
        Abstract The aim of this study is to identify expected competencies of Master degree of curriculum graduates. To achieve this purpose with qualitative research approach, through targeted sampling (to reach theoretical saturation), 24 people were selected (8 academic specialists of curriculum,11 graduates and 5 employers) The data were collected via individual semi-structured interviews. Collected Data through revealed qualitative content analysis were analyzed and coded. The findings of this study showed that expected competencies of Master degree of curriculum graduates are three themes: cognitive competencies (professional knowledge of curriculum, general cognitional competency and general knowledge), skills competencies (professional skills of curriculum and general skills) and attitude competencies (Curriculum attitudinal competencies and general attitudes). The findings&nbsp; of this study could be used in various stages of competency-based curriculum, also offers a comprehensive vision of what should be achieved during the course of studying the of Master degree of curriculum. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1014 - Identifying the Managerial Competencies in Future Universities in order to provide an Appropriate Model for Islamic Azad Universities of Iran
        Badri Shahtalebi badri shahtalebi mohammadhoseini yarmohamadiyan
        The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions of managerial competencies in future universities in order to provide an appropriate model for Islamic Azad Universities of Iran (AUI). The methodological approach taken in this practical study is a mixed method b More
        The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions of managerial competencies in future universities in order to provide an appropriate model for Islamic Azad Universities of Iran (AUI). The methodological approach taken in this practical study is a mixed method based on sequential exploratory strategy. The qualitative phase was done by using thematic analysis based on inductive approach, the statistical population was all articles and theses listed in international databases in the field of managers&rsquo; competencies in future between 2000-2017. A total of 134 samples were chosen by using purposeful criterion-based sampling and with this number, theoretical saturation was achieved. 100 primary themes were found and the content validity checked in two ways of qualitative and quantitative. The reliability was estimated 0.85 by Holistic coefficient. The themes network was drawn up including 3 global Themes, 9 organizing themes and 29 basic themes. In the quantitative phase the statistical population was all 11554 faculty members of the comprehensive universities in AUI in 17 geographical zones in 2016-2017, and then by using Cochran formula, 373 people were chosen via non-random sampling: availability sampling as a sample size. The 100-item researcher-made questionnaire was based on 5-point Likert scale. Face and content validity were confirmed by experts, and construct validity was assessed by using factor analysis and the reliability of questionnaire was estimated by using Cronbach's alpha which were higher than 0.75 that showed high internal correlations between basic themes. In order to analyze the data, the confirmatory factor analysis method and structural equation modeling of covariance axis were used. According to the Chi-square, comparative fit indices, parsimonious fit indices and Hoelter&rsquo;s fit indices the research model was perfect fit. Among them, value creator, excellence-oriented and driver force with factor load of 0.97, 0.94 and 0.92 had the most explanatory effect respectively. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1015 - The relation between conflict management styles (accomodation, avoidance, competitive) with resilience in the first period high school educational managers of Kermanshah in academic year 94-95 (a gender based study)
        Parisa Mohammadi M.J Mahdian
        &nbsp; Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles (compromise,avoidance,competitive) with resilience in educational administrators. The method of the study was implicational and its type was correlational. The s More
        &nbsp; Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles (compromise,avoidance,competitive) with resilience in educational administrators. The method of the study was implicational and its type was correlational. The study sample consisted of 179 first year high school educational managers of Kermanshah (in three districts), who have worked from 2015-2016. The samples of the study were 118 participants who selected through stratified random sampling.In order to collect data, demographic questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Stephen P.Rabinse Conflict Management Style Questionnaire (1991) were used. Data were analysed by SPSS22 software and descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multivariate regression coefficient and independent T-test). The results showed that there was a negative relation between avoidance style of conflict management and resilience of educational managers. On the other hand, there was a positive relationship between compromise and conflict management styles and resilience of educational managers. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1016 - Error Competence and Structural Competence in EFL Context
        Ahmad Yaghoubi
        &nbsp; Abstract This investigation was conducted with the intention of possibly recognizing error competence as a new variable related to advanced learners&rsquo; structural weakness. Error competence as one of the psychological levels of error orientation is the acti More
        &nbsp; Abstract This investigation was conducted with the intention of possibly recognizing error competence as a new variable related to advanced learners&rsquo; structural weakness. Error competence as one of the psychological levels of error orientation is the active knowledge to recover from errors immediately and reduce the error consequences. And error orientation shows how learners cope with and react to their own mistakes and errors.&nbsp; The purpose of the study has been to determine the existence of any meaningful relationship between the error competence and the structural competence of the EFL students. The target population of the research included the English students at Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch. A sample of 200 EFL senior students was selected based on the multistage random sampling. They were administered the two instruments of the research: The Structural Error Competence Questionnaire (SECQ) and the structure section of a standard TOEFL test. The research has been conducted based on a descriptive correlational study in Iran and resulted in the existence of significant correlation between the two variables. The correlation coefficient amounted to 0.228 which was significant and positive at the 0.01 level. In conclusion, this investigation has paved the way to support the idea of having error competence as a strategy which needs training and management. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1017 - The role of gender differences in assessing the organizational competence of Parsian Bank's management levels
        Mehrnaz Afshar Asghar Sharifi Malek Mirhashemi
        The purpose of this study was to design a training system for levels of management of the Parsian Bank Branch Branch based on Competency (CBT). The research method was descriptive-correlational and research was conducted as a survey. The community and the statistical sa More
        The purpose of this study was to design a training system for levels of management of the Parsian Bank Branch Branch based on Competency (CBT). The research method was descriptive-correlational and research was conducted as a survey. The community and the statistical sample of the qualitative section include all the key informants and experts in the field of banking and university that work in the field of education and design of the educational system, which number is equal to 20 people, and in the small section all the heads, deputies and senior members of Parsian Bank Branches Throughout the country, which included 1260 people in 1397, using the Cochran formula, the number of samples was 294. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1018 - Exploration Dimensions of Psychological Empowerment: the Production and Validation of a Scale with a Mixed Method
        mehrdad hajyhasani fatemeh hajy hasani
        Purpose: This study was conducted to Prouduce and Validate empowerment Scale in Male adolescents.Method: The study population consist of&nbsp; adolescents in Sharyar and Ialam Shar (the province of Tehran). The research design was mixed and exploratory. To analyze the d More
        Purpose: This study was conducted to Prouduce and Validate empowerment Scale in Male adolescents.Method: The study population consist of&nbsp; adolescents in Sharyar and Ialam Shar (the province of Tehran). The research design was mixed and exploratory. To analyze the data in qualitative methodused of&nbsp; Reductionism Marshall and Rossman and in quantitative methods to validate the questionnaire was used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Finding: In the first stage 13 respondents reported six different dimensions of psychological empowerment: sense of belonging, self- concept, Sense of competence ,sense of trust, sense of meaning. Secondly responses of 507 people in the survey were analyzed and validity of six factors were approved. Validity was assessed using a scale of psychological empowerment index, the same result was obtained. Relationship between Psychological empowerment and Kobassa hardiness was positive. Conclusion: Although the research has been done about these processes, there is no measure for adolescents' psychological empowerment. Such a measure will give information about the shortcomings inherent in the&nbsp; adolescents psychological empowerment to therapists. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1019 - Prognosis of professional qualifications based on the hard work and self-discipline of employees
        Shokoufeh Nekoukar Ghodsi Ahghar amineh ahmadi
        the aim of this study was to Prognosis of professional qualifications based on the hard work and self-discipline of employees. The research method according to purpose was Practical, The method of data collection was Descriptive correlational, as well as the type of dat More
        the aim of this study was to Prognosis of professional qualifications based on the hard work and self-discipline of employees. The research method according to purpose was Practical, The method of data collection was Descriptive correlational, as well as the type of data was quantitative. The statistical population of this research was all Employees of Sazeh Gostar Saipa Industrial Company in 1396. Using Stage cluster randomization method, according to Cochran formula, 309 people were selected as the sample size. To collect data, we use the Bourich Professional Competency Questionnaire (2015), Self-Regulating Pentrich (2016) and Hardcover Kobasa et al. (2002) questionnaire. After collecting the questionnaires, data describing was done through the mean, standard deviation, by Spss software and data Statistical Inference was carried out through structural equation modeling with the help of Lisrel software. Questionnaires Technical characteristics were assessed including reliability, validity, convergent and divergent validity. Path coefficient and significant coefficients were used to examine the hypotheses. The findings showed that the degree of fit of the proposed model was appropriate to the components of the research, as well as self-regulation and hard work were a good predictor of professional competence. Self-regulation with a coefficient of 0.44 and hard work with a coefficient of 0.71 was affected by professional competence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1020 - Identification of Internal and External Factors Affecting Professional Competence of High School Vice-Presidents of Bushehr Province
        Behroz Ghasmi Ali Akbar Khosravi Hamideh Reshadatjoo Abbas Khorshidi Fattah Nazem
        The purpose of this study is to identify the internal and external factors affecting the professional competence of high school graduates in Bushehr Province. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data type. The statistical popu More
        The purpose of this study is to identify the internal and external factors affecting the professional competence of high school graduates in Bushehr Province. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data type. The statistical population of the study consisted of educational experts and university officials. Among them, 24 people were selected through purposive sampling method and the saturation principle. In this research, semi-structured interview and library method were used to collect data. Interview with experts indicates that the interview was valid, and in order to calculate the reliability, inter-coder reliability method was used, indicating that the interview was valid and reliable. Content analysis was used to analyze the research data. The results showed that the components of individual characteristics, curriculum, management, information technology were among internal factors, and components of healthy society, media, and parenting policies were among the external factors affecting the professional competency of the educational assistants in high schools of Bushehr province. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1021 - Analyzing recruitment factors in talent management to improve the individual performance of employees
        mohamadtaghi mahmodi fardin javanbakht badri shahtalebi
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the recruitment factors in talent management in order to improve the individual performance of Iranian education and training staff through qualitative-quantitative method. After coding and categorizing the first 40 themes, i More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the recruitment factors in talent management in order to improve the individual performance of Iranian education and training staff through qualitative-quantitative method. After coding and categorizing the first 40 themes, its content validity was assessed in two ways, qualitative and quantitative. Using the Holstein coefficient, the reliability of the themes was 0.85. Estimated. In the quantitative phase of the study environment, 5873 individuals were selected using Cochran's formula 369 as the sample size by non-random sampling. Values corresponding to Cronbach's alpha coefficient were reported for themes above 0.75. . In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods were used in quantitative data analysis including frequency distribution tables and graphs, and in the inferential part the confirmatory factor analysis method and covariance-based structural equation modeling approach were used. According to valuation indices, recruitment methods, competency and recruitment channel with factor loadings of .57, .55, .39, .37 had the most explanatory effect in this model, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1022 - Role of competency - based curriculum in employability of graduates from skills based universities (case study: university of applied sciences)
        Maryam Hadizadeh Aliakbar Khosravi Alireza Assareh Reza Norouzzadeh
        The purpose of this study was to investigate key features of competency-based curriculum and the factors influencing employability of graduates at University of Applied Sciences. Data were collected and analyzed through interviews and qualitative descriptive-deductive m More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate key features of competency-based curriculum and the factors influencing employability of graduates at University of Applied Sciences. Data were collected and analyzed through interviews and qualitative descriptive-deductive methods. In terms of the objective, it is applied and in terms of implementation, it is a qualitative and phenomenological study. Population comprised curriculum specialists, 10 of who were selected via purposeful sampling. Validity and reliability were approved by four experts. Results show that provision of appropriate education based on businesses&rsquo; needs, alignment with rapid technological changes, flexibility, assessment of graduates' professional competence before entering labor market, and nurturing creativity and entrepreneurship skills are key features of competency-based curriculum. Familiarizing students with new job skills, implementing real-world apprenticeship and internship programs, and gaining genuine pre-employment experience enhance employability. In contrast, higher number of theoretical hours, old-dated curriculum, restricted real job experience and not sufficient career ready practices are the main reasons for low employability. Strengthening the composition of specialized curriculum committees, implementation of professional qualifications system, alignment of practices with real needs of labor market, continuous and efficient monitoring, establishing connections between the ISCO, ISCED and the Labor Market Information systems are recommended. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1023 - Identifying the dimensions, components and constructive indicators of the professional development model of technical and professional vocational school managers And evaluate it from the point of view of experts and users (Case study, education of Tehran cities)
        alireza kamree fatemeh HamidiFar Abbas khorshidi AmirHossein Mahmudi Mahdi Shariatmadari
        The present study aims to provide this model at the level of directors of technical and vocational colleges. The research has been carried out in an exploratory mixed method with a data-driven approach of self-emergence. The statistical population of the present study i More
        The present study aims to provide this model at the level of directors of technical and vocational colleges. The research has been carried out in an exploratory mixed method with a data-driven approach of self-emergence. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative dimension, all experts in the field of education and in the quantitative dimension, the directors of technical and vocational colleges in the cities of Tehran province (224 people). Sampling method in qualitative dimension is the conscious method of targeted snowball type and in quantitative part is stratified random sampling method. The sample size in the interview with 18 experts reached theoretical saturation and in a quantitative dimension based on Morgan's formula, the number (141) was determined. The assessment tool was semi-structured in the qualitative dimension of the interview formWhich was approved by experts after the completion of open, pivotal and selective coding steps. The validity of the questionnaire was measured in quantitative part through Cronbach's alpha, the total alpha was equal to 0.98. Data analysis in qualitative dimension, with the help of open, axial and selective coding and in the quantitative part in the form of data description and analysis. done. Research Findings: Knowledge, Attitude, Intellectual and Mental Abilities, Managerial Abilities, Functional Management Skills, Interpersonal Skills, Management Excellence and Improvement Skills, Transformational Leadership Skills, Professional and Job Skills, Psychological Characteristics Identified and confirmed cognition and personality as the 10 dimensions of the professional development model with 39 components and 320 indicators. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1024 - The Fine Art of "Repetition" and its role in Ali Nameh
        Zahra Faraj Nezhad Farhang
        Ali Nameh is an epic religious poetry composed by an unknown poet whose pseudonym is Rabi in the fifth century AH, in imitation of Shahnameh Ferdowsi and its subject matter revolves around the virtues and battles of Ali ibn Abi Talib. One feature of epic poetry is empha More
        Ali Nameh is an epic religious poetry composed by an unknown poet whose pseudonym is Rabi in the fifth century AH, in imitation of Shahnameh Ferdowsi and its subject matter revolves around the virtues and battles of Ali ibn Abi Talib. One feature of epic poetry is emphasis upon some images and scenes which tends to incline the atmosphere of the poem more towards epic. This emphasis manifests itself at times by "repetition" of the basic structure of poetry which leads to highlight the imagery. This element of repetition contributes significantly in influencing the reader by the linguistic effect of the work. This research first puts forward the aesthetic aspects of "repetition", then inspects the structural elements of poetry and finally provides examples for each element. The most recurrent element of repetition include word, phoneme, hemistich, sentence, compound words, theme, line, and syllable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1025 - Comparing resiliency, social competence and defense mechanism styles in women with and without ovarian cysts
        Mojghan Sepahmansoor Marziye Modaresi
        The present study aimed to compare the resiliency, social competence and defense mechanism styles in women with and without ovarian cysts is done. For this purpose, in a causative comparative study, 140 women, aged 18 to 38, who were admitted to Kasra hospital in Tehran More
        The present study aimed to compare the resiliency, social competence and defense mechanism styles in women with and without ovarian cysts is done. For this purpose, in a causative comparative study, 140 women, aged 18 to 38, who were admitted to Kasra hospital in Tehran with a diagnosis of ovarian cysts and lack of ovarian cysts, were selected through purposive sampling method and evaluated in terms of resiliency, defense mechanism styles and social competence. The result of multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that there is significant difference between resilience scores in the two groups and that women without ovarian cysts have higher scores than women with ovarian cysts for resiliency. Furthermore, the results determined that among the defense mechanism styles, only for immature defense mechanisms scores there are significant differences between the two groups; women with ovarian cysts use these mechanisms more often than women without ovarian cysts. Additionally, in regards to social support scale, women with ovarian cysts received lower scores that show women without ovarian cysts receive more social support compared to women with ovarian cysts. The results indicate higher prevalence of psychological problems among women with ovarian cysts. It seems that training based on strengthening the resiliency and increasing levels of social competence in women can have preventive values. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1026 - Organizational Competitive Advantage Analysis using SWOT Matrix and Hybrid Approach of Fuzzy-DEMATEL, ANP, and DEA
        Ali Taherinezhad Alireza Alinezhad Saber Gholami Mahsa Abdolvand
        Today, due to the expansion of organizational competition, the growth of technology, and the increasing demand for customers, organizations that gain a competitive advantage over competitors by adopting scientific strategies can survive. There are various approaches to More
        Today, due to the expansion of organizational competition, the growth of technology, and the increasing demand for customers, organizations that gain a competitive advantage over competitors by adopting scientific strategies can survive. There are various approaches to create a competitive advantage in organizations. On the other hand, in the scientific literature of this field, there is no integrated model that can cover the gap between these approaches. The aim of this paper is to present a new hybrid model for determining organizational competition strategies and criteria through decision-making tools. In this research, brands of dairy products listed in Iran were selected as a case study to demonstrate the application of the methodology. First, competitive strategies were determined through the Delphi method and expert judgment based on the SWOT technique. Then, relying on the SWOT technique, appropriate evaluation criteria were extracted through the fuzzy DEMATEL method. In the next step, each brand was considered as a decision-making unit (DMU). In addition, the output of the fuzzy DEMATEL method formed the initial values (inputs-outputs) of data envelopment analysis (DEA). Finally, after determining DEA weights via analytic network process (ANP), the efficiency of DMUs was measured by the Russell DEA model. The results of DEA showed that based on the strategies of the SWOT technique, 38% of the units under investigation are efficient. Also, the lowest efficiency obtained from the units was 82%, which shows that there is no noticeable dispersion in the efficiency values. In other words, it shows that the performance of all brands of dairy products is at a suitable level. The rest of the results and discussion are presented in detail. Analysis shows that the model of this research can be a suitable model for survival in today’s tight organizational competition in the world. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1027 - Effectiveness of training packages of Yang's reasoning on mood instability and perception of social competence in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
        Miad  Sayfi pour Ilnaz Sajadian Mohammad Ali  Nadi
        The present study investigated the effectiveness of of training packages of Yang's reasoning on mood instability and perception of social competence in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, pos More
        The present study investigated the effectiveness of of training packages of Yang's reasoning on mood instability and perception of social competence in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of the research was children aged 8 to 12 years with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who had referred to specialized occupational therapy centers in Isfahan city in the fall of 1400. Among them, 30 children were selected in a purposeful way and randomly placed in two groups of 15 people (experimental and control).The research tools included Shields & Cicchetti's emotion regulation checklist (1998) and Parandin's social competence scale (2015). The experimental group was trained in Yang's reasoning and thinking skills during 8 sessions of 60 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results indicated a significant and stable effect of Yang's reasoning and thinking skills package on mood instability and social competence perception (p<0.001). Therefore, Yang's reasoning and thinking skills package can be used to reduce mood instability and improve the social competence of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1028 - Social responsibility, financial performance, financial sustainability and financial inclusion in banks
        mohamad pourehtesham
        The main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of social responsibility on financial performance, financial sustainability and financial inclusion in banks. Social responsibility is an ethical framework for any person or organization to act sensitively on More
        The main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of social responsibility on financial performance, financial sustainability and financial inclusion in banks. Social responsibility is an ethical framework for any person or organization to act sensitively on social, cultural, economic and environmental issues. Trying to fulfill social responsibility helps individuals, organizations and governments to have a positive role and influence in the sustainable development of a society. In today's world, due to rapid changes in economic, social and cultural factors; increasing economic, social and environmental challenges; increase in populism; And reducing the level of trust and credibility of individuals and organizations, the issue of social responsibility has been taken into consideration. This research was conducted for a period of 5 years from 1395 to 1399. Sample information of the studied companies after checking the availability of their information by collecting with the help of Excel software and classifying with the help of software Eviose were analyzed. The results of the research showed that there is a negative relationship between social responsibility and financial performance and financial sustainability, and this relationship is significant. But there is a positive relationship between social responsibility and financial inclusion, and this relationship is significant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1029 - Civil Liability of Owner of Conventional and Non-Conventional Pets in Iranian Law and Islamic Jurisprudence
        Mohammad Sadegh Hafezi Ghahestani شکرالله نیکوند عبدالعلی محمدی جوزانی
        According to their instinct, pets have a relative will, and for this reason, they may cause damages to individuals or their properties, for which the owner of the pet is responsible for compensation. In the laws of some countries, the responsibility of pets is the respo More
        According to their instinct, pets have a relative will, and for this reason, they may cause damages to individuals or their properties, for which the owner of the pet is responsible for compensation. In the laws of some countries, the responsibility of pets is the responsibility of the owner, and the owner is a person, including the owner, possessor, and keeper, who is tasked with care and control of the pet's actions. However, except in the mandatory insurance law, the word "owner" is not mentioned in our legal texts and the responsibility caused by pets does not have a separate title and is stated scatteredly in various laws. In addition to this, there is no specific division in Iranian law indicating the difference between pets according to whether the pet is conventional or non-conventional with the place of keeping and, consequently, the extent of the owner's civil responsibility and the basis governing it. However, it seems necessary to investigate the various regulations of the country with the help of the verses of Quran, words narrated by the Innocents (PBUH), and valuable references of jurisprudence due to the increase in the willingness of people to keep pets, especially unconventional pets that are not compatible with the place of keeping based on characteristics such as inappropriate sound or the possibility of serious injury, and cause damages in some cases. Therefore, while paying attention to the division of pets and paying a special attention to the regulations that have been given less attention, to the legal aspects of this responsibility from a new perspective in the present paper, the responsibility of the pet boarding house or the responsibility of keeping pets in apartments is addressed while referring to new legal issues including the owner's responsibility against the damages caused to the pet so that the way is paved for the amendment and completion of the provisions related to the responsibility arising from the ownership of pets in the Iranian law. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        1030 - Cu@KF/Clinoptilolite NPs Promoted Removing Cefixime as Antibiotic and 4-nitrophenole as Pollutant from Aqueous Environment
        Rasool  Paidar Gagik Badalians Gholikandi Abolghasem Alighardashi Yousef dadban shahamat Hadi Rahimzadeh Barzaki
        In this work, Cu@KF/Clinoptilolite NPs was synthesized using Petasites hybridus rhizome water extract as a simple and efficient green procedure. The obtained catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM analysis. The average particle size diameter of the Cu@ More
        In this work, Cu@KF/Clinoptilolite NPs was synthesized using Petasites hybridus rhizome water extract as a simple and efficient green procedure. The obtained catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM analysis. The average particle size diameter of the Cu@KF/Clinoptilolite nanoparticles was approximately 30 nm. The adsorption properties of Cu@KF/Clinoptilolite NPs for the removal of cefixime and 4-NP (4-nitrophenol) from aqueous environment were investigated. Using Petasits hybridus leaves water extract, high performance Cu@KF/Clinoptilolite nanoparticles were created in this study. They were then used in numerous reactions to demonstrate the reusability of the nanocatalyst and serve as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of cefixime (CFX). Also, the catalytic activity of the green synthesized Cu/KF/CP NPs was evaluated in the reduction of organicpollutants such as 4-NP in water at mild conditions. The results indicated that the biosynthesized NCs have very high and effective catalytic activity for organic pollutants within a short time. Some benefits of this process are the quick reaction time, high product yields, and simplicity of catalyst and product separation. Manuscript profile

Sanad

Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]