The Role of Teachersʼ Professional Competencies in Predicting Mathematical Achievement of Students in Rregular and Special Schools
Subject Areas : Educational PsychologyHossein Motahhari Nejad 1 , Fardad Fatehi Chenar 2
1 - استادیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آموزش ریاضی/دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سیرجان
Keywords: Academic Achievement, mathematics, Professional Competencies, regular and special schools,
Abstract :
The aim of this research was to determine the role of teachersʼ professional competencies predicting mathematical achievement of students in regular and special schools. To this end, a sample consisting of 363 boy students of high schools in Rafsanjan (210 from regular schools and 153 from special schools) were selected. To measure the academic achievement of the students, their math scores were used and to determine the professional competencies of math teachers, a questionnaire was used. After exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire, three factors including competencies of cognitive, affective and skill were identified. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the fundamental factors were found to be 0.88, 0.87 and 0.83, respectively. The results of the convergent and discriminant validities showed that the questionnaire had sufficiently good validity. Then, math teachers’ professional competencies from the students' point of view were prioritized. The results showed that between competencies of cognitive, affective and skill of math teachers and mathematical achievement of the students there was a positive relationship and that its amount in special schools was more than regular schools. It was found that skill competencies of teachers in regular schools and affective competencies of teachers in special schools can be predictors of the studentsʼ mathematical achievement. Finally, the importances of professional competencies in the process of training, attraction and performance appraisal of math teachers were emphasized.
انصاری، حجت‌الله (1375). بررسی تأثیر جو روانی اجتماعی کلاس در پیشرفت تحصیلی، مجلهروانشناسیوعلوم تربیتیدانشگاهتهران، 4(1)، 68-54.
بازرگان، عباس؛ دادرس، محمد و یوسفی‌افراشته، مجید (1393). ﺳﺎﺧﺖ، اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﯾﺎﺑﯽ و رواﯾﯽﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺑﺰار ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن. فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامهریزی در آموزش عالی، 20(2)، 97-73.
حاتمی، حسین (1383). طراحی یک مدل ارزشیابی عملکرد معلمان دوره ابتدایی. رساله دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات.
خوشبخت، فریبا و لطیفیان، مرتضی (1390). بررسی رابطه بین ویژگیهای معلم، تدریس معلم و عملکرد ریاضی دانش‌آموزان. روانشناسی معاصر، 2(6)، 97-85.
دانش‌پژوه، زهرا و فرزاد، ولی‌اله (1385). ارزشیابی مهارت های حرفه‌ای معلمان دوره ابتدایی. فصلنامۀ نوآوری‌هایآموزشی، 5(4)، 23-11.
طاهری، مرتضی؛ عارفی، محبوبه؛ پرداختچی، محمدحسن و قهرمانی، محمد (1392). کاوش فرآیند توسعه حرفه‌ای معلمان در مراکز تربیت معلم: نظریه داده بنیاد. فصلنامه نوآوری‌های آموزشی، 12(1)، 176-149.
عبداللهی، بیژن؛ دادجوی توکلی، عطیه و یوسلیانی، غلامعلی (1393). شناسایی و اعتبار سنجی شایستگی‌های حرفه‌ای معلمان اثر بخش. فصلنامه نوآوری‌های آموزشی، 13(1)، 24-7.
کریمی، عبدالعظیم (1384). بررسی نتایج مطالعه بین المللی پیشرفت سواد خواندن پرلز 2001، فصلنامهتعلیموتربیت، 21(1)، 88-39.
کیامنش، علیرضا (1377). مقایسهعملکردریاضیدانش‌آموزانسالسومراهنماییدردومطالعه بین‌المللیو بررسیمحتوایآموزشریاضیدربرنامه‌هایدرسی. سومین کنفرانس آموزش ریاضی ایران، کرمان.
گیج، ان، ال. (1379). مبانیعلمیهنرتدریس. ترجمه محمود مهرمحمدی. تهران: انتشارات مدرسه.
ملکی، حسن (1388). صلاحیت‌های حرفه معلمی. تهران: انتشارات مدرسه.
نادری، محمد (1390). بررسی و مقایسه مهارت های حرفه ای معلمان دروس علوم پایه و علوم انسانی دوره راهنمایی شهرستان بهشهر به منظور ارائه روش‌های ارتقای کیفی این مهارت‌ها. فصلنامةتحقیقاتمدیریتآموزشی، 2(6). 96-75.
نجفی‌زند، جعفر (1370). نگرشمعلماننسبتبهموقعیتآموزشی (روابطمعلم-شاگردی) و میزانموفقیتآنانازنظردانش‌آموزانومدیران. رساله دکتری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران.
نیکنامی، مصطفی و کریمی، فریبا (1388). صلاحیت‌های حرفه‌ای معلمان آموزش عمومی و ارائة چارچوب ادراکی مناسب. دانشوپژوهشدرعلومتربیتی برنامه‌ریزیدرسی، 1(23)، 22-1.
وکیلی‌هریس، شهرام؛ حجازی، الهه و اژه‌ای، جواد (1388). رابطه ویژگی‌ها و کارآمدی معلم با پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان. روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، 39(3)،171-189.
Abdollahi, B., Dadjooye Tavakkoli, A., & Youseliani, G. (2014). Identification and validation of effective teachers’ professional competencies. Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovations, 13(1), 7-24 [In Persian].
Anderson, L. W. (2004). Increasing teacher effectiveness (2nd Ed.). Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning.
Andreassen, R., & Braten, I. (2011). Implementation and effects of explicit reading comprehension instruction in fifth grade classrooms. Learning and Instruction, 21(4), 520-537.
Ansari, H. (1996). The effect of psycho-social classroom climate on students' academic achievement. Journal of Psychology and Education, 4(1), 54-68. [In Persian]
Avalos, B. (2005). Learning to teach in the knowledge society: The case of Chile, in Juan Manuel Moreno. Learning to teach in the knowledge society,final report, World Bank, 220-256.
Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28(2), 117-148.
Bazargan, A., Dadras, M., & Yousefi Afrashteh, M. (2014). Construction and Validation of an Instrument to Measure the Quality of Academic Services to Students. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 20 (2), 73-97 [In Persian].
Bernthal, P., Colteryahn, K., Davis, P., Naughton, J., Rothwell, W. J., & Wellins, R. (2004). ASTD competency study: Mapping the future. Alexandria, VA: ASTD Press.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The competent manager: A model for effective performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Carneiro, R. (2015). Learning: The Treasure within - Prospects for Education in the 21st Century. European Journal of Education, 50(1), 101-112.
Danesh Pazhouh, Z., & Farzad, V. (2006). Evaluation of professional skills of elementary school teachers. Quarterly Journal of Educational innovations, 5(4), 11-23 [In Persian].
Delors, J. (2013). The treasure within: Learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together and learning to be. What is the value of that treasure 15 years after its publication? International Review of Education, 59, 319-330.
Dozza, L., & Cavrini, G. (2012). Perceptions of competence: how parents view teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 4055-5050.
Dubois, D. D., Rothwell, W. J., Stern, D. J., & Kemp, L. K. (2004). Competency-based human resource management. Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black Publishing.
Elliott, B. L. S. (2010). Effective teacher characteristics: A two nation causal comparative study (Doctoral dissertation), Walden University.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation modeling with unobserved variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Fung, D., Kutnick, P., Mok, I., Leung, F., Lee, B. P., Mai, Y. Y., & Tyler, M. T. (2017). Relationships between teachers’ background, their subject knowledge and pedagogic efficacy, and pupil achievement in primary school mathematics in Hong Kong: An indicative study. International Journal of Educational Research, 81, 119-130.
Gage, N. L. (2001). The scientific basis of the art of teaching. [M. Mehrmohammadi, Trans.]. Tehran: School Publishing. [In Persian]
Hatami, H. (2004). Design a model for performance evaluation of primary schools’ teachers (Doctoral dissertation), Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
Heffernan, M. M., & Flood, P. C. (2000). An Exploration of the Relationships between the Adoption of Managerial Competencies, Organizational Characteristics, Human Resource Sophistication and Performance in Irish Organizations. Journal of European Industrial Training, 24(2/3/4), 128-136.
Huntly, H. (2008). Teachers Work: Beginning Teachers Conceptions of Competence. The Australian Educational Researcher, 35(1), 125-145.
Kaiser, G., Blomeke, S., Konig, J., Busse, A., Döhrmann, M., & Hoth, J. (2017). Professional competencies of (prospective) mathematics teachers—cognitive versus situated approaches. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 94(2), 161-182.
Karimi, A. (2005). The findings of PIRLS 2001 studyon reading literacy in Iran. Journal of Education, 21(1), 39-88 [In Persian].
Khoshbakht, F., & Latifian, M. (2011). The relationship between teachers’ characteristics, teachers’ teaching and students’ math performance. Contemporary Psychology, 2(6), 85-97 [In Persian].
Kiamanesh, A. (1999). Comparing the performance of third-year students in two international studies and studying the content of math education in the curriculum. Third International Conference on Mathematics Education. Iran: Kerman [In Persian].
Koster, B., Mieke, B., Fred, K., & Theo, W. (2005). Quality requirements for teacher educators. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(2), 158-161.
Le Deist, F. D., & Winterton, J. (2005). What Is Competence? Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27-46.
Lui, A. M., & Bonner, S. B. (2016). Pre-service and in-service teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and instructional planning in primary school mathematics. Teaching and Teacher Education, 56, 1-13.
Maleki, H. (2010). Professional qualifications of teachers. Tehran: School Publishing [In Persian].
Naderi, E., Hajizad, M., Shariatmadari, A., & Seif Naraqhi, M. (2011). Investigation and Comparison of Teachers of Basic and Human Sciences Regarding Their Professional Skills in Order to Propose Methods for Promoting the Quality of These Skills. Educational Administration Research Quarterly, 2(6), 75-96 [In Persian].
Najafi Zand, J. (1992). Teachers' attitudes towards teaching positions (teacher-student relations) and their success from studentsʼ and managersʼ perspectives (Doctoral dissertation), Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
Nicoleta, S. (2011). How can technology improve math learning process? Procedia Social- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 11, 170-174.
Nijveldt, M., Mieke, B., Douwe, B., Nico, V., & Theo, W. (2005). Assessing the interpersonal competence of beginning teachers: The quality of the judgment process, International Journal of Educational Research, 43, 89-102.
Niknami, M., & Karimi, F. (2009). A Study of the Professional Competencies of General Education Teachers: an Appropriate Conceptual Framework. Research in Curriculum Planning, 1 (23), 1-22 [In Persian].
Pajares, F. (2002). Overview of Social Cognitive Theory and of Self-Efficacy. Retrieved from http://www.emory.edu/EDUCATION/mfp/eff.html.
Pangeni, K. P. (2014). Factors determining educational quality: Student mathematics achievement in Nepal. International Journal of Educational Development, 34, 30-41.
Peacock, A., & Rawson, W.B. (1999(. The potential contribution of UK trainee teachers to professional development in South African primary schools. Journal of the Southern African Association for Research in Mathematics and Science Education, 3 (1), 50–60.
Rawnsley, D., & Fisher, D. L. (1998). Learning environments in mathematics classrooms and their associations with students’ attitudes and learning. Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education Conference, Adelaide, Australia.
Stronge, J. H. (2002). Qualities of effective teachers. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics. New York: Happer Collins College.
Taheri, M., Arefi, M., Pardakhtchi, M. H., & Ghahramani, M. (2013). Exploring the process of professional development of teachers in teacher training centers: A grounded theory. Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovations, 12(1), 149-176 [In Persian].
UNESCO. (2005). Education for all, global monitoring report, the quality imperative. UNESCO, Paris.
UNESCO. (2008). ICT Competency Standards for Teachers Competency Standards Module. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/en/competency-standard-teachers.
United States Office of Personnel Management (2002). Assessment Decision Guide. Retrieved from http://www.opm.gov.
Vakili Herris, Sh., Hejazi, A., & Ejei, J. (2009). The relationship between teachers’ characteristics and efficacy with studentsʼ academic achievement. Journal of Psychology and Education, 39(3), 171-189 [In Persian].
Weatherly, L. A. (2005). Competency Models Series Part I: Competency Models – an Overview. Society for Human Resource Management. Retrieved from http://shrm.org.
_||_Abdollahi, B., Dadjooye Tavakkoli, A., & Youseliani, G. (2014). Identification and validation of effective teachers’ professional competencies. Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovations, 13(1), 7-24 [In Persian].
Anderson, L. W. (2004). Increasing teacher effectiveness (2nd Ed.). Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning.
Andreassen, R., & Braten, I. (2011). Implementation and effects of explicit reading comprehension instruction in fifth grade classrooms. Learning and Instruction, 21(4), 520-537.
Ansari, H. (1996). The effect of psycho-social classroom climate on students' academic achievement. Journal of Psychology and Education, 4(1), 54-68. [In Persian]
Avalos, B. (2005). Learning to teach in the knowledge society: The case of Chile, in Juan Manuel Moreno. Learning to teach in the knowledge society,final report, World Bank, 220-256.
Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28(2), 117-148.
Bazargan, A., Dadras, M., & Yousefi Afrashteh, M. (2014). Construction and Validation of an Instrument to Measure the Quality of Academic Services to Students. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 20 (2), 73-97 [In Persian].
Bernthal, P., Colteryahn, K., Davis, P., Naughton, J., Rothwell, W. J., & Wellins, R. (2004). ASTD competency study: Mapping the future. Alexandria, VA: ASTD Press.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The competent manager: A model for effective performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Carneiro, R. (2015). Learning: The Treasure within - Prospects for Education in the 21st Century. European Journal of Education, 50(1), 101-112.
Danesh Pazhouh, Z., & Farzad, V. (2006). Evaluation of professional skills of elementary school teachers. Quarterly Journal of Educational innovations, 5(4), 11-23 [In Persian].
Delors, J. (2013). The treasure within: Learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together and learning to be. What is the value of that treasure 15 years after its publication? International Review of Education, 59, 319-330.
Dozza, L., & Cavrini, G. (2012). Perceptions of competence: how parents view teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 4055-5050.
Dubois, D. D., Rothwell, W. J., Stern, D. J., & Kemp, L. K. (2004). Competency-based human resource management. Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black Publishing.
Elliott, B. L. S. (2010). Effective teacher characteristics: A two nation causal comparative study (Doctoral dissertation), Walden University.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation modeling with unobserved variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Fung, D., Kutnick, P., Mok, I., Leung, F., Lee, B. P., Mai, Y. Y., & Tyler, M. T. (2017). Relationships between teachers’ background, their subject knowledge and pedagogic efficacy, and pupil achievement in primary school mathematics in Hong Kong: An indicative study. International Journal of Educational Research, 81, 119-130.
Gage, N. L. (2001). The scientific basis of the art of teaching. [M. Mehrmohammadi, Trans.]. Tehran: School Publishing. [In Persian]
Hatami, H. (2004). Design a model for performance evaluation of primary schools’ teachers (Doctoral dissertation), Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
Heffernan, M. M., & Flood, P. C. (2000). An Exploration of the Relationships between the Adoption of Managerial Competencies, Organizational Characteristics, Human Resource Sophistication and Performance in Irish Organizations. Journal of European Industrial Training, 24(2/3/4), 128-136.
Huntly, H. (2008). Teachers Work: Beginning Teachers Conceptions of Competence. The Australian Educational Researcher, 35(1), 125-145.
Kaiser, G., Blomeke, S., Konig, J., Busse, A., Döhrmann, M., & Hoth, J. (2017). Professional competencies of (prospective) mathematics teachers—cognitive versus situated approaches. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 94(2), 161-182.
Karimi, A. (2005). The findings of PIRLS 2001 studyon reading literacy in Iran. Journal of Education, 21(1), 39-88 [In Persian].
Khoshbakht, F., & Latifian, M. (2011). The relationship between teachers’ characteristics, teachers’ teaching and students’ math performance. Contemporary Psychology, 2(6), 85-97 [In Persian].
Kiamanesh, A. (1999). Comparing the performance of third-year students in two international studies and studying the content of math education in the curriculum. Third International Conference on Mathematics Education. Iran: Kerman [In Persian].
Koster, B., Mieke, B., Fred, K., & Theo, W. (2005). Quality requirements for teacher educators. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(2), 158-161.
Le Deist, F. D., & Winterton, J. (2005). What Is Competence? Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27-46.
Lui, A. M., & Bonner, S. B. (2016). Pre-service and in-service teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and instructional planning in primary school mathematics. Teaching and Teacher Education, 56, 1-13.
Maleki, H. (2010). Professional qualifications of teachers. Tehran: School Publishing [In Persian].
Naderi, E., Hajizad, M., Shariatmadari, A., & Seif Naraqhi, M. (2011). Investigation and Comparison of Teachers of Basic and Human Sciences Regarding Their Professional Skills in Order to Propose Methods for Promoting the Quality of These Skills. Educational Administration Research Quarterly, 2(6), 75-96 [In Persian].
Najafi Zand, J. (1992). Teachers' attitudes towards teaching positions (teacher-student relations) and their success from studentsʼ and managersʼ perspectives (Doctoral dissertation), Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
Nicoleta, S. (2011). How can technology improve math learning process? Procedia Social- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 11, 170-174.
Nijveldt, M., Mieke, B., Douwe, B., Nico, V., & Theo, W. (2005). Assessing the interpersonal competence of beginning teachers: The quality of the judgment process, International Journal of Educational Research, 43, 89-102.
Niknami, M., & Karimi, F. (2009). A Study of the Professional Competencies of General Education Teachers: an Appropriate Conceptual Framework. Research in Curriculum Planning, 1 (23), 1-22 [In Persian].
Pajares, F. (2002). Overview of Social Cognitive Theory and of Self-Efficacy. Retrieved from http://www.emory.edu/EDUCATION/mfp/eff.html.
Pangeni, K. P. (2014). Factors determining educational quality: Student mathematics achievement in Nepal. International Journal of Educational Development, 34, 30-41.
Peacock, A., & Rawson, W.B. (1999(. The potential contribution of UK trainee teachers to professional development in South African primary schools. Journal of the Southern African Association for Research in Mathematics and Science Education, 3 (1), 50–60.
Rawnsley, D., & Fisher, D. L. (1998). Learning environments in mathematics classrooms and their associations with students’ attitudes and learning. Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education Conference, Adelaide, Australia.
Stronge, J. H. (2002). Qualities of effective teachers. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics. New York: Happer Collins College.
Taheri, M., Arefi, M., Pardakhtchi, M. H., & Ghahramani, M. (2013). Exploring the process of professional development of teachers in teacher training centers: A grounded theory. Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovations, 12(1), 149-176 [In Persian].
UNESCO. (2005). Education for all, global monitoring report, the quality imperative. UNESCO, Paris.
UNESCO. (2008). ICT Competency Standards for Teachers Competency Standards Module. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/en/competency-standard-teachers.
United States Office of Personnel Management (2002). Assessment Decision Guide. Retrieved from http://www.opm.gov.
Vakili Herris, Sh., Hejazi, A., & Ejei, J. (2009). The relationship between teachers’ characteristics and efficacy with studentsʼ academic achievement. Journal of Psychology and Education, 39(3), 171-189 [In Persian].
Weatherly, L. A. (2005). Competency Models Series Part I: Competency Models – an Overview. Society for Human Resource Management. Retrieved from http://shrm.org.
