Identify the professional competences of elementary teachers in bilingual areas
Subject Areas : Research in Curriculum Planningroghaye shokrollahi 1 , Marzieh Dehghani 2 , Mohammad Javadipoor 3 , Keyvan Salehi 4 , Ali Nouri 5
1 - PhD Student of curriculum Development, Department of Curriculum Studies University of Tehran.Tehran.Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Educational Methods and Curriculum. Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology , University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Associate Professor, , Department of Educational Methods and Curriculum. Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Methods and Curriculum. Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology , University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
5 - Associate professor of the Department of Educational Studies Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
Keywords: Bilingual areas, Professional competence, Elementary Teachers, Documentary Method,
Abstract :
The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and with the aim of identifying the professional competencies of primary school teachers in bilingual areas. For this purpose, using the documentary method and taking into account the criteria of document quality, 70 published documents related to the professional competence of teachers and bilingualism, including 63 foreign documents and 7 internal documents, in the period 20-20000 2000 from among the written Persian sources. And English was purposefully chosen. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data. In order to confirm the accuracy of the data, regarding the validity of the study, the research method was used by the members of the research and trial (data, sources and methods). Data analysis resulted in identification (75 basic themes, 7 first level organizing themes and 14 second level organizing themes and 1 comprehensive theme). The results showed that teachers' professional competence is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of the education system and especially improving the level and depth of learning of bilingual students. Therefore, it is suggested that the educational system, by prioritizing the linguistic and cultural needs of bilingual students, provide the necessary ground for selecting and cultivating the basic competencies of teachers in these areas, and as a result, move intelligently to move towards efficiency and productivity. Organize and improve the quality of bilingual students' learning
منابع
AliAhmed,D.(2019). Rabindranath Tagore: An Analysis of Indian Educational & Contribution of Indian Education. International Journal of Humanities & Social Science. Volume- VII, Issue-III.
Adnan,A.,Suwandi,Snurkamto,t., Setiawn,B. (2019). Teacher Competence in Authentic and Integrative Assessment in Indonesian Language Learning. International Journal of Instruction 12(1):701-716.
Arabi,A., Soltani,A,Asmi,K.(2017). Explain the characteristics of optimal evaluation of language curriculum in elementary school. Journal of Measurement & Educational Evaluation Studies.Vol. 7, No. 17, Spring 2017.
Boroditsky,L.(2011). How Language Shapes Thought. Scientific American .304(2):62-5DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican0211-62
Baker, C. (2011). Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism (5th ed.). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Banks, J. & Banks, C. M. (2013). Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives (8thEd.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
Beltrán,c.(2013). Challenges of Bilingualism in Higher Education: The Experience of the Languages Department at the Universidad Central in Bogotá, Colombia. Gist Education and Learning Research Journal. ISSN 1692-5777. No. 7, november 2013. pp. 245-258.
Becerra-Lubies,R., Fones,A.(2016). The Needs of Educators in Intercultural and Bilingual Preschools in Chile: A Case Study. International Journal of Multicultural Education. Vol. 18, No. 2.
Bialystok, E., Peets, K. F., & Moreno, S. (2014). Producing bilinguals through immersion education: Development of metalinguistic awareness. Applied Psycholinguistics, 35(1), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716412000288
Coderre, L. (2012). Exploring the cognitive effects of bilingualism: neuroimaging investigations of lexical processing, executive control, and the bilingual advantage. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
Ehteshami, T. & Mousavi, S.Gh. (2009). Compare the academic achievement of students in bilingual areas of the province monolingual students. Research training a special issue of bilingualism, No. 119, pp. 9-5.[Persian]
Frommeyer,L., Aymans,S., Bargmann,A., Kauffeld,S., Herrmann,Ch.(2017). Introducing competency models as a tool for holistic competency development in learning factories: Challenges, example and future application. Procedia Manufacturing 9 ( 2017 ) 307 – 314. 7th Conference on Learning Factories, CLF 2017.
García, O. (2009). Bilingual education in the 21st century: A global perspective. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Garcia, O., & Baker, C. (1995). Policy and practice in bilingual education: A reader extending the foundations. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Grosjean, F. (2010). Bilingual: Life and reality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Guerrero,D., Lachance,J.(2018). The National Dual Language Education Teacher Preparation Standards. Dual Language Education of New Mexico.
Grin,F.(2016).The Economics of Language Education. Language Policy and Political Issues in Education. pp 1-12.
Grim, F. (2010). L1 in the L2 classroom at the secondary and college levels: A comparison of functions and use by teachers. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7 (2), pp. 193–209.
Hoominfar, E. (2014). Challenges of multilingual education. Unpublished MA thesis. The Graduate College of Bowling Green State University, Ohio.
Havas Beigi,F., Sadeghi,A.(2019). Conceptualization Process of Multicultural Education from the Perspective of Teachers of Iranian Ethnoses: Grounded Theory. Journal of Curriculum Research Iranian Curriculum Studies Association.Volume 9, Number 1, Consecutive 17, Spring and Summer 2019. .[Persian]
Hameedy, M ., Rezapasand, T, & Alizadeh, Z. (2006). Reading and writing skills among non-speaking Persian students in Iran: an evaluation of the instructional language policy and methods, APERA Conference. Hong Kong.
Haddadian-Moghaddam, E. and Meylaerts, R. (2015) What about translation? Beyond ‘Persianization’ as the language policy in iran. Iranian Studies 48 (6), 851–870;
doi:10.1080/00210862.2014.913437.
Irizarry, J.G. (2011). The Latinization of U.S. schools: Successful teaching and learning in shifting cultural contexts. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishing.
Kaya, Y. (2015). The Opinions of Primary School, Turkish Language and Social Science Teachers regarding Education in the Mother Tongue (Kurdish). Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 2(2): 33-46.
Kaya, Y. (2015). The Opinions of Primary School, Turkish Language and Social Science Teachers regarding Education in the Mother Tongue (Kurdish). Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 2(2): 33-46.
Khadivi, A., & Kalantari, R,. (2010). Bilingualism in Iran: Challenges, perspectives and solutions. Research institute for education. 13(4). Tabriz applied educational research. Electronic Journal for English as a second language education in Iran.
Klimova, B. F. (2014). Detecting the development of language skills in current English language teaching in the Czech Republic. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 158: 85-92.
Kalan,A.(2018). Who is afraid of multilingual education? Conversations with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, Jim Cummins, Ajit Mohanty and Stephen Bahry about the Iranian context and beyond. Bristol; Buffalo: Multilingual Matters.
Kharkhurin, A. (2007). The Role of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural experiences in bilinguals’ divergent thinking. In Albertazzi, L. & Kecskes, I (eds).Cognitive aspects of bilingualism. (pp. 175-213). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5935-3
Larson,C.(2018). Bilingual Teachers' Experiences: Being English Learners, Becoming Teachers, and Bilingual Education. Dissertations and Theses. Paper 4412.
Lobanova, N. N., Kosarev, V. V. & Kryuchatov, A. P. (1997). Professional competence of the teacher. St. Petersburg: Institute of adult education of Russian Academy of education.
Lukin,A.(2012). Hasan's semantic networks as a tool in discourse analysis. In J. Knox (Ed.), To boldly proceed: papers from the 39th International Systemic Functional Congress (pp. 141-146). Sydney: Organising Committee of the 39th International Systemic Functional Congress.
Marian, V., Chabal, S., Bartolotti, J., Bradley, K., & Hernández, A. (2014). Differential recruitment of executive control regions during phonological competition in monolinguals and bilinguals. Journal of Brain and Language, 139, 108-117.
Musanti,S.(2017). A Novice Bilingual Teacher’s Journey: Teacher’s Noticing as a Pathway to Negotiate Contradictory Teaching Discourses. International Journal of Multicultural Education. Vol. 19, No. 2.
Moll, L.C. & Arnott-Hopffer, E. (2005). Sociocultural competence in teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 56 (3), 242-247.
Mir Hosseini, F. (2016). Designing a model of professional competence of physical education teachers. Unpublished dissertation of Kharazmi University.
Nieto, S. and Bode, P. (2008) Affirming Diversity: The Sociopolitical Context of Multicultural Education, 5th edn. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Nieto, S. )2002). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education. New York: Longman.
Orelus,P.(2010). Rethinking Literacy development of Bilingual Students With special Need:Challenges ,Struggles and Growth. International Journal of Special Education. Vol.25.No 2010.
Ozfidan,B., Toprak,M.(2019). Cultural Awareness on A Bilingual Education: A Mixed Method Study. Multicultural Learning and Teaching. 2019; 20170019
Ozfidan,B.(2017). A Literature-Based Approach on International Perspectives of Bilingual Education. Journal of Educational Issues. 2017, Vol. 3, No. 2.
Poza-Vilches,F López-Alcarria .A., Mazuecos-Ciarra,N.(2019). A Professional Competences’ Diagnosis in Education for Sustainability: A Case Study from the Standpoint of the Education Guidance Service (EGS) in the Spanish Context.www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
Puasa,K.,Asrifan,A.,Chen,Y.(2017).Classroom Talk in the Bilingual Class Interaction. Research in Pedagogy, Vol. 7, Issue 1 (2017), pp. 106-121.
Pai, Y., Adler, S., & Shadiow, L. (2006). Cultural foundations of education (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson/Merrill/Prentice Hall.
Richards, J. C. , Rodgers,T. (2007). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching,Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Rodriguez,D.(2014). A Conceptual Framework of Bilingual SpecialEducation Teacher Programs. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism.
Surin,A., Russell,R., Davidson,K.(2019). An Investigation of Teacher Practices for the Instruction of French as a Third Language among Spanish-Speaking Students. Journal of Education and Practice.
Sclafani,Ch.(2017). Strategies for Educators of Bilingual Students: A Critical Review of Literature. International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies. Vol. 5 No. 2; April 2017.
Selvi, k. (2010).Teacher`s Competence. Cultural interntional of philosophy of culuter and Axiology, 7(5),100-120
Skjaervo, P.O. (2012) Iranian languages and scripts. In Encyclopædia Iranica. See http:// www.iranicaonline.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/articles/iranvi-iranian-lang uages-and-scripts.
Titone, R. (2013). Psychological aspects of multilingual education. International Review of Education. 24(3). 283-293.
UNESCO. (2003). National reports on the development of education. Retrieved from http: // www.ibe.unesco.org/ international; / ICE/ natap/ Iran
Wardoyo,C., Herdiani,A., & Sulikah,A.(2016). Teacher Professionalism: Analysis of Professionalism Phases. International Education Studies; Vol. 10, No. 4; 2017. Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education.
Wahyuddin,W.(2016). The Relationship between of Teacher Competence, Emotional Intelligence and Teacher Performance Madrasah Tsanawiyah at District of Serang Banten. Higher Education Studies; Vol. 6, No. 1; 2016. Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education.
Zakiova,K.(2016). The Structure of Primary School Teachers’ Professional Competence. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 2016, 11(6), 1167-1173.
Xhemaili, M. (2013). The advantages and disadvantages of mother tongue in teaching and learning English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classes. Anglisticum Journal (IJLLIS), 2 (3), 191-195.
Identify the professional competency of primary school teachers in bilingual areas
The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and with the aim of identifying the professional competencies of primary school teachers in bilingual areas. For this purpose, using the documentary method and taking into account the criteria of document quality, 70 published documents related to the professional competence of teachers and bilingualism, including 63 foreign documents and 7 internal documents, in the period 20-20000 2000 from among the written Persian sources. And English was purposefully chosen. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data. In order to confirm the accuracy of the data, regarding the validity of the study, the research method was used by the members of the research and trial (data, sources and methods). Data analysis resulted in identification (75 basic themes, 7 first level organizing themes and 14 second level organizing themes and 1 comprehensive theme). The results showed that teachers' professional competence is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of the education system and especially improving the level and depth of learning of bilingual students. Therefore, it is suggested that the educational system, by prioritizing the linguistic and cultural needs of bilingual students, provide the necessary ground for selecting and cultivating the basic competencies of teachers in these areas, and as a result, move intelligently to move towards efficiency and productivity. Organize and improve the quality of bilingual students' learning.
Keywords: Vocational Competence, Primary Teachers, Bilingual Students, Documentary Method
_||_