Yield and productivity indices of common bean and sunflower intercropping in different planting ratios

Subject Areas : Journal of Plant Ecophysiology

محمد قلی‌پور ¹ , Peyman Sharifi ²

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رشت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، رشت، ایران
2 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رشت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، رشت، ایران

Received: 2016-05-29 Accepted : 2016-07-20 Published : 2018-08-23

Keywords: competition, land equivalent ratio, Competitive ratio, Relative Crowding Coefficient,

Abstract :

Intercropping beside of increasing of yield than sole crops, enhance heterogeneity and biodiversity in agroecosystems. To evaluate yield and productivity indices of Guilan lanrace bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropping, a field experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014-15 growing season, at Somea-Sara, Iran. The planting ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (bean: sunflower) using replacement method. Intercropping had significant effect on pods per plant and seed yield of bean, and it had significant on plant height, head diameter, heads per plant, 100 seed weight, seeds per head and grain yield of sunflower. The land equivalent ratio (LER) were less than one in 75:25 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) intercropping ratios, while it was equal to 1.15 in 25:75 bean-sunflower intercropping ratio, which indicates the intercropping cultivation of beans-sunflower had the highest efficiency by 15%. Sunflower in the planting ratios of 25:75 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) had the highest relative crowding coefficient (RCC), therefore it was a dominant crop and bean had the least RCC and was a reccesive crop. The competitive ratio value (CR) of bean was less than one, which this means that bean was less competitive than sunflower in the intercropping system. It is concluded that sunflower and bean intercropping system have a substantial advantage compared to sole cropping systems and the intercroping ratios of 25:75 (bean-sunflower) was as superior planting ratio.

References:

حسینی، م.ب، د. مظاهری، م.ر. جهانسوز و ب.یزدی صمدی. 1382. تأثیر مقادیر مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارزن علوفه ای و لوبیا چشم بلبلی در کشت مخلوط. مجله پژوهش و سازندگی. 59: 60-68.

رضائی چیانه، ا.،  س. خرم‌دل و پ. قره‌چالی. 1394. ارزیابی اثر کشت مخلوط تأخیری آفتابگردان و باقلا بر عملکرد و کارایی استفاده از زمین. مجله به‌زراعی کشاورزی. 17(1):183-196.

سرلک، ش. و م. آقاعلیخانی. 1388. اثر تراکم بوته و نسبت اختلاط بر عملکرد کشت مخلوط ذرت شیرین (Zea mays L. var Saccharata) و ماش سبز (Vigna radiate). مجله علوم زراعی ایران، 11(4): 367-380.

مظاهری، د. 1373. زراعت مخلوط. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی، دانشگاه تهران.

نصراله‌زاده اصل، ع.، ع. چاوشقلی، ا. ولیزادگان، ر. ولیلو و و. نصراله‌زاده. 1391. ارزیابی کشت مخلوط آفتابگردان و لوبیا چیتی به روش افزایشی. نشریه دانش کشاورزی و تولید پایدار. 22(2):79-90.

Alexander, M.W., C.F. Genter. 1962. Production of corn and soybean in alternate pairs of rows. Agron. J. 54: 233-234.

Banik, B., A. Midya, B.K. Sarkar and S.S. Ghose. 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive series experiment: Advantages and weed smothering. Europ. J. Agron. 24: 325-332.

Baumann, D.T., L. Bastians, I. Gaudian, H.H. Vanlar and M.J. Kroff. 2002. Analysing crop yield and plant quality in a intercropping system using an ecophysiological model for interplant competition. Agric. Sys. 13: 173 – 203.

Biederbeck, V.O. and O.T. Bouman. 1994. Water use by annual green manure legumes in dryland cropping systems. Agron. J. 86: 543–549.

Dhima, K.V., A.A. Lithourgidis, I.B. Vasilakoglou, C.A. Dordas. 2007. Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crops Res. 100: 249-256.

Elobu, P., J.R. Ocan, J. Olinga and W.O. Anyanga. 2013. Intercropping sunflower with beans, groundnuts, maize and sorghum in Uganda. Afric. Crop Sci. Conf. Proc. 11:73 –77.

Fuentea, E.B., S.A. Suárez, A.E. Lenardis and S.L. Poggio. 2014. Intercropping sunflower and soybean in intensive farming systems: Evaluating yield advantage and effect on weed and insect assemblages. NJAS - Wageningen J. Life Sci. 71: 47–52.

Gomes, A.H.S., L.H.G. Chaves and H.O.C. Guerr. 2015. Drip irrigated sunflower intercropping. Americ. J. Plant Sci. 6: 1816-1821.

Ibrar, R., S. Ahmad and A. Malik. 2002. Sunflower summer legumes intercropping systems under rainfed conditions: yield and yield components. Pakistan J. Agric. Res. 17: 231-236.

Kandel, H.J., A.A. Schneiter, B.L. Johnson. 1997. Intercropping legumes into sunflower at different growth stages. Crop Sci. 37: 1532–1537.

Kandhro, M.N., S.D. Tunio, H.R. Memon and M.A. Ansari. 2007. Growth and yield of sunflower under influence of mungbean intercropping. Pakistan J. Agric. Res.  23: 9-13.

Khan, M., R. Khan, A. Wahab and A. Rashid. 2005. Yield and yield components of wheat as influenced by intercropping of chickpea, lentil and rapeseed in different proportions. Pak. J. Sci. 42(3-4): 1-3.

Kushwaha, B.L. and R. De. 1987. Studies of resource use and yield of mustard and chickpea grown in intercropping systems. J. Agric. Sci. 108: 487-495.

Morales, R.E.J., E.J.A. Escalante, C.L. Sosa and H.V.H. Volke. 2009. Biomass, yield and land equivalent ratio of Helianthus annus L in sole crop and intercropped with Phaseolus vulgaris L. in high valleys of Mexico. Tropic. Subtrop. Agr. Ecos. 10: 431 – 439.

Njoku, S.C., C.O. Muoneke, D.A. Okpara and F.M.O. Agbo. 2007. Effect of intercropping varieties of sweet potato and okra in an ultisol of southeastern Nigeria. Afric. J. Biotech. 6: 1650-1654.

Olowea, V.I.O. and O.A. Adebimpeb 2009. Intercropping sunflower with soyabeans enhances total crop productivity. Biol. Agric. Horti. 26: 365-377.

Olowe, V.I.O., J.A. Ajayi and A.S. Ogunbayo. 2006. Potential of intercropping soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the transition zone of south west Nigeria. Tropic. Agric. Res. Exten. 9: 91–96.

Sahoo, S.K., D.S. Kumar and C.R. Reddy. 2003. Productivity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) bases intercropping systems under irrigated conditions. J. Oilseed. Res. 20: 284- 286.

Saudy, H.S. and I.M. Elmetwally. 2009. Weed management under different patterns of sunflower – soybean intercropping. J. Central Europ. Agric. 10:41-52.

Schultz, B., C. Philips, P. Rosset, J.H. Vandermeer. 1982. An experiment in intercropping cucumbers and in southern Michigan, U.S.A. Sci. Hort .18: 1-8.

Singh, J.K. 2007. Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Intercropping to different row ratios and nitrogen levels under rainfed conditions of temperate Kashmir. Indian J. Agron. 52: 36-39.

Ujjinaiah, U.S., B.G. Rajashekar, N. Venugopal and K. Seenappa. 1991. Sunflower pigeon pea intercropping. J. Oil seed Res. 8 : 72 - 80.

Vandermeer, J. 1989. The ecology of intercropping. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989. 237 pp. 

Willey, R.W. and M.R. Rao. 1980. A competitive ratio for quantifying competition between intercrops. Exp. Agric. 16 (2): 117–125.

Willey, R.W. 1990. Resource use in intercropping systems. Agric. Water Manag. 17: 215–231.

Yilmaz, F., M. Atak and M.N. Erayman. 2008. Identification of advantages of maize-legume intercropping over solitary cropping through competition indices in the east mediterranean region. Turkish J. Agric. For. 32: 111-119.