land equivalent ratio

Open Access Article

1 - Effects of nitrogen levels and intercropping ratios on yield of intercropping of corn and sunflower in Khouzestan conditions
nader moosavian

To study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design More

To study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangements keeping different nitrogen rates, (50, 100 and 150 kg from urea resource) as main plots and various rates of intercropping corn-sunflower as sub plots with three replications. The intercropping treatments were S1 (100% sunflower), S2 (25% corn plus 75% sunflower), S3 (50% corn plus 50% sunflower), S4 (75% corn plus 25% sunflower) and S5 (100% corn). The results of the study indicated that seed yield of sunflower and grain yield of corn, total yield of sunflower and corn, 1000-seed weight and oil percentage of sunflower were significant. But 1000-grain weight and the grain number per pod wasn’t significant. The highest grain yield observed in N2S1 and N3S5 for sunflower and corn, was respectively (462 and 1319 per gr.m-2). In intercropping got the highest and the lowest seed yield of sunflower to pure stand and in S3, and at corn got to pure stand and in S4, respectively. An increase in nitrogen proportion raised the land equivalent ratio (LER). The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio for grain yield were observed in hybrid levels of S4 and S3, respectively. The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER) were relevant to N1S2 and N3S4 (1.85 and 1.08, respectively). In addition, the highest and the lowest relative crowding coefficient (K) were relevant to N3S4 and N3S2 (0.2 and 7.2, respectively). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Evaluation of yield, yield components and indices advantage of intercropping of Populus euramericana with Allium sativum in Karaj conditions
Fatemeh Ahmadloo Saeedeh Eskandari

10.30495/sarj.2023.1989647.1145

Garlic medicinal plant (Allium sativum) was planted between the rows of poplar (Populus euramericana 92/40) which were planted in March 2017 at a distance of 3 × 4 m, in late autumn of 2017. The statistical design of this research was Randomized Complete Block Des More

Garlic medicinal plant (Allium sativum) was planted between the rows of poplar (Populus euramericana 92/40) which were planted in March 2017 at a distance of 3 × 4 m, in late autumn of 2017. The statistical design of this research was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 treatments including (garlic with poplar, pure poplar culture and pure garlic culture),. Garlic cultivation was done in five rows with a length of 21 m and 50 cm between rows in three blocks in November 2017. During each growing season, poplar seedlings and garlic were irrigated once a week. The height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of the poplar trees were measured at the end of each growing season for four years, and then the increment in growth of height, diameter and stem volume (m3/ha/y) were calculated and evaluated using the T-Test. Economic evaluation of each of the pure and intercropped cultivations was done based on the indices of land equality ratio (LER), relative value total (RVT) and index advantage (IA). In 2019 and 2020, there is a statistically significant difference in the characteristics of increment at DBH and height in pure and intercropped cultivations, which is the highest in intercropped poplar culture. In 2020, the highest and lowest biological yields of garlic were obtained in pure cultivation with 8791.67 kg ha-1 and in intercropped cultivation with 2408.33 kg ha-1, respectively. In all the studied years, LER is greater than one and among 1.61 to 2.76, and in general its three-year average obtained 2.28. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Planting Patterns on Dry Matter Production and Growth Physiological Indices in Intercropping Maize and Sunflower
Seyed Nader Mosavian Seyed Alireza Seyed Mohammadi

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Open Access Article

4 - Response of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) to Type and Amount of Organic Fertilizer Applications in Intercropping with Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Alaleh Mottaghian Hemmatollah Pirdashti Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar Bahareh Motaghian

To investigate the effect of organic fertilizer applications on yield and competition indices of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in different combinations of intercropping with sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), an experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized comp More

To investigate the effect of organic fertilizer applications on yield and competition indices of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in different combinations of intercropping with sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), an experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2011. The main plots were six fertilizer treatments consisted of 20 and 40 Mg ha-1 of vermicompost and sewage sludge plus 50% recommended chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer alone (100 kg ha-1 of urea, triple super phosphate and potassium sulfate) and control (no fertilizer application). Subplots were different planting ratios (sole cropping of basil and sesame, 75% + 25%, 50% + 50 %, 25% + 75% of basil+sesame). In this experiment, the 25% basil+75% sesame and 50% basil + 50%sesame under40 Mg. ha-1 of enriched sewage sludge application had the highest economical yield (up to 3097.47 kg ha-1) with a land equivalent ratio (up to 1.24). According to the aggressivity coefficient estimates of two plant species basil incombination of 25% basil + 75% sesame and sesame in 50% basil + 50% sesame and 75% basil + 25% sesame under organic fertilizer application would be dominant species competitave in ranges of 0.12 to 0.30 and 0.11 to 0.57, respectively.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Evaluation of Potato and Pinto bean Intercropping
A. Nasrollahzadeh-Asl A. Dabbag - Mohammadi nassab S. Zehtab - Salmasi M. Mogaddam A. Javanshir

To evaluate beneficial effect of intercropping based on replacement and additive methods to sustainable agriculture, two experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Tabriz in 2005 and 2006, to study the effect of intercropping potato More

To evaluate beneficial effect of intercropping based on replacement and additive methods to sustainable agriculture, two experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Tabriz in 2005 and 2006, to study the effect of intercropping potato and pinto bean by using these two methods. The experiments carried out using randomized complete block design with three replications and 16 treatments. The treatments, consisted of: eight treatments of replacement intercropping with 2:1 and 3:1 proportions of potato and pinto bean (with densities of 4.7 and 5.3 plants m-2 for potato and 45 and 55 plants m-2 for pinto bean), four treatments of additive intercropping (with densities of 4.7 and 5.3 plants m-2  for potato and 5.3 and 10.6 plants m-2 for pinto bean), two sole croppings of potato (4.7 and 5.3 plants m-2) and two sole croppings of pinto bean (45 and 55 plants m-2). Maximum tuber yield per plant, tuber yield of potato per unit area, tuber size, mean tuber weight, number of leaves and branches per plant were obtained from replacement intercropping treatments. Maximum grain yield of pinto bean per unit area was obtained from the replacement intercropping treatments; Maximum grain yield per plant, number of pods per plant, number of leaves and branches, plant height, dates of emergence, flowering, poding and ripening were obtained from the additive intercropping treatments. To evaluate the beneficial effect of intercropping, land equivalent ratio (LER) was more than one, and the maximum amounts for two years (1.25 and 1.27, respectively) belonged to replacement intercropping of 1:2 treatment (66% potato with 5.3 plants per m2 + 34%pinto bean with 55 plants per m2). This treatment, therefore, can be recommended to be the best intercropping pattern for sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Effect of Different Types and Amounts of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Canola (Brassica napus L. Hayola50) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. Local white) Yield and Yield Components and Land Equality Ratio in Intercropping at Fasa Region
Samad Rezayat Mohammad Rahim Owji Farhad Mohajeri Mehdi Madandousd

10.30495/JCEP.2022.1917067.1741

In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on maintaining the stability and fertility of agricultural production systems. One of the ways to increase stability is to create diversity through the use of multi-culture systems. In order to investigate the yield More

In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on maintaining the stability and fertility of agricultural production systems. One of the ways to increase stability is to create diversity through the use of multi-culture systems. In order to investigate the yield of Canola and Chickpeas in different cultivation ratios with different types and amounts of nitrogen fertilizer in Fasa region, an experiment was performed on 2018-2019 as factorial in complete randomized block design with three replications in the research farm of Dastjeh, Fasa region. Factors included the ratio of planting peas and canola in 5 levels: 0-100, 25-75, 50-50, 75-25 and 100-0, respectively, pea-canola and type and the amount of nitrogen fertilizers at 6 levels including urea 140 kg.ha-1 urea 120 kg ha-1, urea 100 kg ha-1, ammonium sulfate 140 kg.ha-1, ammonium sulfate 120 kg.ha-1, sulfate Ammonium 100 kg.ha1. The results showed that different planting ratios had a significant effect on canola and pea yield. Increasing the ratio of chickpeas in mixed with canola and rapeseed in mixed with chickpea cultivation significantly reduced their yield compared to their net cultivation. The highest yield of canola and chickpeas with 2240.1 kg.ha-1 and 2155.75 kg.ha-1 in net cultivation of canola and chickpeas and the lowest yield of rapeseed and chickpeas with the average of 1548.06 and 1187.3 kg.ha-1, respectively, were obtained in Planting ratios of 25-75 and 75-25 (canola-chickpeas). Comparing ammonium sulfate and urea to increase canola yield, the results showed that ammonium sulfate increased canola yield more than urea. The ratio of land equivalent ratio (LER) in all mixed planting ratios under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer increased compared to a single cropping (LER> 1). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Ecophysiological Investigation of Intercropping of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) under the Influence of Biofertilizers
auob amiri Mahmood Ramrodi Mohammad Galavi Masoud Rafiee

10.30495/jcep.2021.679979

To study the management of different systems of maize (Zea mays) and cow pea (Vigna unguiculata) intercropping affected by biofertilizers in alley cropping, a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design was conducted in 2016 in Aleshtar city, Lore More

To study the management of different systems of maize (Zea mays) and cow pea (Vigna unguiculata) intercropping affected by biofertilizers in alley cropping, a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design was conducted in 2016 in Aleshtar city, Lorestan province. The main factor consisted of plant cropping ratios: single cropping of maize (M1), 75% maize + 25% vigna (M2), 50% maize + 50% vigna (M3), 25% maize + 75% vigna (M4), and single cropping of vigna (M5) and the second factor of different combination of biofertilizer consumptions: seed inoculation with 100 g.ha-1 azetobacteria and azospirilum (B1), seed inoculation with 200 g.ha-1 azetobacteria and azospirilum (B2) and without seed inoculation (B3). Results showed that the maize and cowpea yields and their components were influenced by crops and biofertilizer ratios significantly. Highest maize and vigna yields (11350 and 3250 kg.ha-1 respectively) were obtained by 75% maize + 25% vigna treatment. The highest yields of maize and vigna (11850 kg and 3450 kg.ha-1 respectively) were obtained by seed inoculation with 200 g.ha-1 bacteria. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) with an average of 1.55 was observed with cropping ratio of 75% maize + 25% vigna. This indicates the usefulness of intercropping compared with single croppings of these two plants. It can be concluded that the best treatment in this study was 75% maize+ 25% vigna intercropping and seed inoculation with 200 g.ha-1 bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Evaluation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Intercropping
Bijan Kahraryan Farhad Farahvash Soleyman Mohammadi Bahram Mirshekari Varahram Rashidi

To study the effect of barley-vetch intercropping on their yields and yield components, a two-year field experiment was conducted during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Miandoab. Factors consisted of 9 mixed tr More

To study the effect of barley-vetch intercropping on their yields and yield components, a two-year field experiment was conducted during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Miandoab. Factors consisted of 9 mixed treatments: with densities of 250 vetch plants + 300 barley plants, 250 vetch plants + 500 barley plants, 250 vetch plants + 700 barley plants, 450 vetch plants + 300 barley plants, 450 vetch plants + 500 barley plants, 450 vetch plants + 700 barley plants, 650 vetch plants + 300 barley plants, 650 vetch plants + 500 barley and 650 vetch plants + 700 barley plants per square meter and sole cropping of barley (350 plants per m2) and  vetch (250 plants per m2). Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Result of combine analysis showed that there were significant differences among the patterns of planting treatments. The highest number of spikes per square meter (97.88), thousand kernel weight (47.28 g) and biological yield (7.63 t.ha-1) and seed yield (4.36 t.ha-1) were observed in sole cropping of barley. Also, the highest number of plants (379.25), biological yield (63.67 t.ha-1) and seed yield (1.94 t.ha-1) in vetch were belonged to sole cropping of vetch. In this study the highest land equivalent ratio (LER), based on seed yield (1.20) and biological yield (1.48), belonged to 250 vetch + 500 barley plants treatment, which indicate the usefulness of this intercropping treatment, as compared to the sole cropping of these two plant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Effects of Mixed and Row Intercropping on Yield and Quality Traits of Alfalfa and Three Grass Species in Rainfed Areas of Northern Khorasan, Iran
Ali Akbar Ameri Ali Ashraf Jafari

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Open Access Article

10 - Yield and productivity indices of common bean and sunflower intercropping in different planting ratios
محمد قلی‌پور Peyman Sharifi

Intercropping beside of increasing of yield than sole crops, enhance heterogeneity and biodiversity in agroecosystems. To evaluate yield and productivity indices of Guilan lanrace bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropping, a field e More

Intercropping beside of increasing of yield than sole crops, enhance heterogeneity and biodiversity in agroecosystems. To evaluate yield and productivity indices of Guilan lanrace bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropping, a field experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014-15 growing season, at Somea-Sara, Iran. The planting ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (bean: sunflower) using replacement method. Intercropping had significant effect on pods per plant and seed yield of bean, and it had significant on plant height, head diameter, heads per plant, 100 seed weight, seeds per head and grain yield of sunflower. The land equivalent ratio (LER) were less than one in 75:25 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) intercropping ratios, while it was equal to 1.15 in 25:75 bean-sunflower intercropping ratio, which indicates the intercropping cultivation of beans-sunflower had the highest efficiency by 15%. Sunflower in the planting ratios of 25:75 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) had the highest relative crowding coefficient (RCC), therefore it was a dominant crop and bean had the least RCC and was a reccesive crop. The competitive ratio value (CR) of bean was less than one, which this means that bean was less competitive than sunflower in the intercropping system. It is concluded that sunflower and bean intercropping system have a substantial advantage compared to sole cropping systems and the intercroping ratios of 25:75 (bean-sunflower) was as superior planting ratio. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Evaluation of economic yield and productivity indices in row intercropping of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) and alyssum (Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.)
Mohammad Hassan Hatefi Farajian Alireza Koocheki Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati

In order to study the effect of row intercropping patterns of lettuce and alyssum economic yield and productivity indices, a field experiment was conducted as a completely randomized blocks design with three replications during growing in 2014-2015 at Agricultural Resea More

In order to study the effect of row intercropping patterns of lettuce and alyssum economic yield and productivity indices, a field experiment was conducted as a completely randomized blocks design with three replications during growing in 2014-2015 at Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Treatment included 1 row of lettuce + 1 row alyssum (1:1), 2 rows lettuce + 2 rows alyssum (2:2), 3 rows lettuce + 3 rows alyssum (3:3) and their monoculture. The results showed that the effect of row intercropping patterns of lettuce and alyssum was significant on fresh weight of both crops. The highest fresh weight of lettuce and alyssum was observed in monoculture with 36200 and 5909.2 kg per hectare, respectively. The highest total land equivalent ratio (1.04) was obtained from 2:2 treatment, indicating 4% yield advantage of intercropping and represents a more efficient use of land in this cropping pattern compared to the monoculture of two crops. The highest competition index was achieved from 3:3 treatment (2.96). In addition, the highest system productivity index was obtained in row intercropping pattern 2:2 with 35466.5. Therefore, it seems that the row intercropping pattern of 2:2 was higher in land equivalent ratio and as well as system productivity index compared to other row intercropping patterns to obtain the highest yield and income than monoculture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Response of yield and yield components of wheat, barley and triticale to intercropping with legumes under weed interference
Leila Soleimanpour Ruhollah Naderi Ehsan Bijanzadeh Ali Behpoori Yahya Emam

In order to investigate the response of cereals to intercropping with legume in weed competition conditions, a field experiment was performed in 2014-2015 in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University. Treatments included 10 monoculture More

In order to investigate the response of cereals to intercropping with legume in weed competition conditions, a field experiment was performed in 2014-2015 in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University. Treatments included 10 monoculture (wheat, barley, triticale, pea and bean with and without weeds) and 6 intercropping (wheat + chickpea, wheat + faba bean, barley + chickpea, barley + faba bean, triticale + chickpea and triticale + faba bean with Weeds) which laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that grain yield, biological yield and harvest index in most intercropping treatments was similar to those in weedy monoculture and even in some cases similar to those in weed-free monoculture treatments which it shows that intercropping had a higher efficiency. For instance, grain yield in barley+ chickpea intercropping (6241 kg ha-1) and barley+ faba bean (5333 kg ha-1) was not significantly different from weedy barley monoculture (7313 kg ha-1) and weed-free barley monoculture (7621 kg h-1). Partial LER of cereals, in intercropping treatments except wheat+faba bean (0.39) based on weedy monocultures, was greater than 0.5 and also except intercropping of triticale + chickpea (0.31) and wheat + faba bean (0.41) based on weed-free monocultures was more than 0.5. Barley had a greatest grain and biological yield over all the treatments which it was because of its superior competitive ability against weeds. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Effect of cutting off irrigation on yield and advantage indices of barley intercropped with legumes
seyedhesam Niksirat Ehsan Bizhanzadeh Ali Behpouri

Cereals with legume intercropping as one of the ways to increase yield per unit area are recommended. To investigate the effect of cutting off irrigation on yield, yield component and advantageous indices of barley intercropped with legumes, a field experiment was condu More

Cereals with legume intercropping as one of the ways to increase yield per unit area are recommended. To investigate the effect of cutting off irrigation on yield, yield component and advantageous indices of barley intercropped with legumes, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replicates at College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University during 2014 growing season. Treatments were included two levels of irrigation regimes as main plot (full irrigation and cutting off irrigation at milk development stage) and cropping treatments consisted of monoculture of Nimroz tow-rowed barley, Zehak six-rowed barley, pea and faba bean and intercropping of Nimroz + pea, Nimroz + faba bean, Zehak + pea and Zehak + faba bean) with a ratio of 1:1 as sub plot. Results showed that under cutting off irrigation number of seeds/spike, harvest index, biological yield and grain yield of barley cultivars decreased 12.5%, 23.6%, 4.3% and 20%, respectively. Under cutting of irrigation at milk development stage, the highest grain yield was obtained in monocropping of Zehak (3470 kg/ha) and Nimroz (3300 kg/ha). In both of the irrigation regimes, Zehak and Nimroz barley cultivars intercropped with faba bean had higher relative value total (RVT) compared to monoculture. In addition, Zehak barley cultivar due to higher grain yield, LER and RVT was better option in intercropping with legumes compared to Nimroz cultivar, under water stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Comparison of two mycorrhizal species in improving the absorption of nutrients and beneficial indicators of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) intercropping
Tahmine Salahi Alireza Yadavi Hamidreza Balouchi Amin Salehi Mohammad Hamidian

This study was used in order to diversify agricultural system by using fenugreek in mixed cultivation with linseed with the aim of determining the effect of mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis on the plant elements and the effect on intercropping indices. The farm factorial ex More

This study was used in order to diversify agricultural system by using fenugreek in mixed cultivation with linseed with the aim of determining the effect of mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis on the plant elements and the effect on intercropping indices. The farm factorial experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications and 15 treatments in Yasouj University in 2016. The experimental factors include the bio-fertilizer in three levels (control, the use of mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae and the use of mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis) and cultivation ratios at 5 levels (pure cultivation of oilseed and fenugreek and mixed cultivation of linseed and fenugreek with ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:2). The results showed that the application of mycorrhiza along with mixed cultivation improved the absorption of macro and micro elements, so that the highest concentration of iron, nitrogen and potassium in oilseeds leaves was seen in the ratio of 1:1 mixed culture along with mycorrhiza fertilizer. Also, mycorrhizal fungus F. mosseae together with 1:1 mixed culture brought the most nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus of fenugreek leaves. The interaction of mixed cropping and mycorrhizal fertilizer was not significant on any of the indicators of the usefulness of mixed cropping; but the use of mycorrhizal fertilizers increased the amount of actual lost yield and the ratio of the total land. In general, the use of mycorrhizal fertilizer, in addition to improving the absorption of elements, made the mixed cultivation of flax and fenugreek superior to their single crop. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Effects of intercropping of maize with beans, the dry matter production and quality of forage
Mohsen Dargahi ali Reza Souhani Darban

AbstractIntercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with More

AbstractIntercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with two kinds of beans the Sunrise (Phaseolusvulgaris) and Cowpea Mashhad cultivars (Vigna unguiculata) The amount of dry matter forage production and quality testing in a randomized complete block design with split plot with five treatments and three replications during 2009-2010 in the field of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Intercropping in terms of the percentage ratios are 00: 100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100: 00, respectively. The study characteristics included , forage fresh and dry weight, leaf area produced by plants, land equivalent ratio (LER), protein and fiber yield of forage. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER), in all intercropping treatments that represent more than a single ship intercropping advantage. Dry matter yield in intercropping system more than monoculture corn. Legumes in intercropping reduced leaf area But leaf area increased corn planting ratio of 75:25. Intercropping with cowpea compared with common beans effect on increased forage protein content than the monoculture system. Crude fiber content, in intercropping to monoculture corn, which increases the palatability of forage was reduced. The results showed that intercropping with cowpea good way to feed a high quality and quantity. Considering the forage yield and forage quality best planting ratio was as 75:25. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) was obtained in this treatment. Manuscript profile

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16 - Effects of fertilizer source on Macro and Micro-nutrients concentration under intercropping ratios of fennel and Sainfoin
Habibollah Yousefyan Ghahfarokhi Mohammad Ali Esmaeili Abdolrazagh Danesh Shahraki Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlu

In order to investigate the effects of fertilizer sources and intercropping ratio on elements concentration in forage of fennel and sainfoin plants, a split plot experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at Shahrekord Universit More

In order to investigate the effects of fertilizer sources and intercropping ratio on elements concentration in forage of fennel and sainfoin plants, a split plot experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at Shahrekord University research farm during the 2015 and 2016. Five fertilizer sources (manure fertilizer 100%, chemical 25%+ manure 75%, chemical 50%+ manure 50%, chemical 75%+ manure 25%, chemical fertilizer 100%), and sole cropping of fennel (F), and sole cropping of sainfoin (S), and three intercropping ratio (include fennel 75%+ sainfoin25%, fennel 50%+ sainfoin 50% and fennel 25%+ sainfoin 75%) were also considered. The results showed that the highest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and iron, manganese and copper concentrations were related to the chemical fertilizer in both fennel and sainfoin plants. The highest potassium concentration of fennel in both years was related to chemical fertilizer with 31.4 mg g-1 in 25% fennel + 75% of sainfoin, and increased by15% in the first year and 10% in the second year as compared to 100% manure fertilizer treatment. Also, the highest nitrogen concentration of sainfoin in the first and second years was related to the monocropping of sainfoin under chemical fertilizer with 38.5 and 39.9 mg g-1, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the chemical fertilizer alone or the combination of manure with chemical fertilizer due to the gradual mineralization of the elements, access to and more of the elements required by the plant in monocropping and intercropping can be play an important role in the absorption and nutrition concentration of plant and increase yield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Effects of inter-cropping of maize with beans, the dry matter production and quality of forage
M. Dargahi A. Souhani Darban

     Intercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize More

     Intercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with two kinds of beans the Sunrise (Phaseolusvulgaris) and Cowpea Mashhad cultivars (Vigna unguiculata) The amount of dry matter forage production and quality testing in a randomized complete block design with split plot with five treatments and three replications during 2009-2010 in the field of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Intercropping in terms of the percentage ratios are 00: 100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100: 00, respectively. The study characteristics included , forage fresh and dry weight, leaf area produced by plants, land equivalent ratio (LER), protein and fiber yield of forage. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER), in all intercropping treatments that represent more than a single ship intercropping advantage. Dry matter yield in intercropping system more than monoculture corn. Legumes in intercropping reduced leaf area But leaf area increased corn planting ratio of 75:25. Intercropping with cowpea compared with common beans effect on increased forage protein content than the monoculture system. Crude fiber content, in intercropping to monoculture corn, which increases the palatability of forage was reduced. The results showed that intercropping with cowpea good way to feed a high quality and quantity. Considering the forage yield and forage quality best planting ratio was as 75:25. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) was obtained in this treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Yield and evaluation indices in maize-lentil intercropping system
R. Siyami B. Mirshekari

In order to evaluate the intercropping indices of maize and lentil, a factorial experiment was conducted during 2012 in Agricultural Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Iran, based on randomized complete block design in 3 replicates. Studied factors were More

In order to evaluate the intercropping indices of maize and lentil, a factorial experiment was conducted during 2012 in Agricultural Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Iran, based on randomized complete block design in 3 replicates. Studied factors were planting dates of lentil: 26th April, 6th May , and 16th May and density rates of lentil: 12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50% and 100% of optimum density. The results showed that Land Equivalent Ratio in all intercropped treatments except of planting date of 6th May with 12.5% optimum density was greater than 1. The maximum Relative Value Total (1.42) was obtained from first planting date with 12.5% of lentil density. Considering the importance of Relative Value Total of the product as a economic index in evaluating the intercrop, it is clear that first date of lentil planting (26th April) with 12.5% optimum density intercropped with maize was most advantageous over other mixed treatments. Manuscript profile

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19 - Effects of intercropping of maize with beans, the dry matter production and quality of forage
M. Dargahi A. Souhani Darban

Intercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with two kind More

Intercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with two kinds of beans the Sunrise (Phaseolusvulgaris) and Cowpea Mashhad cultivars (Vigna unguiculata) The amount of dry matter forage production and quality testing in a randomized complete block design with split plot with five treatments and three replications during 2009-2010 in the field of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Intercropping in terms of the percentage ratios are 00: 100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100: 00, respectively. The study characteristics included , forage fresh and dry weight, leaf area produced by plants, land equivalent ratio (LER), protein and fiber yield of forage. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER), in all intercropping treatments that represent more than a single ship intercropping advantage. Dry matter yield in intercropping system more than monoculture corn. Legumes in intercropping reduced leaf area But leaf area increased corn planting ratio of 75:25. Intercropping with cowpea compared with common beans effect on increased forage protein content than the monoculture system. Crude fiber content, in intercropping to monoculture corn, which increases the palatability of forage was reduced. The results showed that intercropping with cowpea good way to feed a high quality and quantity. Considering the forage yield and forage quality best planting ratio was as 75:25. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) was obtained in this treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Maize- Peanut Intercropping Under Inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum
Siavash Pourjani Hashem Aminpanah mohammadnaghi safarzade vishekaei

Intercropping and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve sustainability of agro-ecosystems. To evaluate the effect of Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) inoculation on productivity of a peanut /maize intercropping system, a two-year study was design as a random More

Intercropping and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve sustainability of agro-ecosystems. To evaluate the effect of Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) inoculation on productivity of a peanut /maize intercropping system, a two-year study was design as a randomized complete block in a factorial arrangement with three replicates at Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Guilan province. Factors were Azotobacter inoculation [control (non-inoculated) and inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum) and intercropping pattern (Sole cropping of peanut and maize, additive intercropping pattern at three levels (100% peanut + 100% maize, 100% peanut + 50% maize, and 50% peanut + 100% maize), and replacement intercropping pattern at three levels (50% peanut + 50% maize, 67% peanut +33% maize, and 33% peanut + 67% maize). Results showed that gain yields of maize and peanut were significantly affected by Azotobacter inoculation and intercropping pattern. Inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum significantly increased grain yields of peanut and maize by 10% and 16%, respectively. Maximum and minimum of land equivalent ratio (LER) were observed at 100% peanut + 50% maize and 50% peanut + 50% maize, respectively and inoculated intercropped plots with Azotobacter chroococcum had 12-16% grater LER that non-inoculated ones. Regards to impossibility of mechanical weed control by machines in additive intercropping patterns, to obtain the highest productivity in maize/peanut intercropping system, intercropping pattern of 100% peanut + 50% maize along with Azotobacter application will be suitable in fields with low weed density. Otherwise, based on LER and grain yield of peanut, the intercropping pattern of 67% peanut + 33% maize along with Azotobacter application will be suitable. Manuscript profile

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