Investigating the Interconnection of Intercultural Competence With the Approach of Structural Equations
Subject Areas : INTERCULTURAL STUDIES QUARTERLY
vali mohammad darini
1
,
ehsan namdar joyami
2
1 - ....
2 - ...
Keywords: knowledge, motivation, Skills, Intercultural Competence, Intercultural Interaction,
Abstract :
Increasing the interaction between native and non-native students and from two Shiite and Sunni groups ... and from regions and other countries provided a new opportunity for Iranian students studying at Sistan and Baluchestan University to participate in international and national communication and intercultural communication. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between intercultural competency and intercultural competence among students of Sistan and Baluchestan University. The present research is aimed at the field of applied research and is a correlation type field study. The statistical population of this research is the students of Sistan and Baluchestan University with a population of 18,000. The cluster and random sampling method is simple. The sample size is 376 according to Morgan's table. In this research, a general hypothesis and three partial hypotheses have been developed. In the main hypothesis of the relationship between intercultural competence and sub-hypothesis, the relationship between intercultural interaction with intercultural competency dimensions (intercultural knowledge - intercultural skills - intercultural motivation) has been investigated. All of the questions have been confirmed and have a meaningful relationship have shown that their magnitude is, for the main hypothesis and sub-assumptions, respectively: 0.41, 0.34, 0.41, and 0.36. The findings suggest that if a person has intercultural knowledge and skills and intercultural motivation and can have proper behavior and speech with other cultures without a theoretical and practical conflict, one can say that the person has intercultural competence. To the contrary, the greater the intercultural competence among students, the intercultural interaction of different religions and different cities at the university can be observed, and students of different cultural backgrounds will interact.
Allport, W. G (1954), The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.Amir, Y (1969), Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations. Psychological Bulletin, 71, 319–341.
Amir, Y (1976), The role of intergroup contact in change of prejudice and ethnic relations. In P. A. Katz (Ed), Towards the elimination of racism (pp.245–308). New York: Pergamon.
Arasaratnam, L. A (2015), Research in intercultural communication: reviewing the past decade. Journal of International & Intercultural Communication,8(4), 290–310.
Arasaratnam, L. A (2016), Intercultural competence. In J. Nussbaum (Ed.), Oxford research encyclopedia of communication (pp. 1–23).
Arasaratnam, L. A, & Doerfel, M. L (2005), Intercultural communication competence: identifying key components from multicultural perspectives.International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(2), 137–163.
Bennett, J. M (2013), Intercultural competence: vital perspectives for diversity and inclusion. In B. M. Ferdman, & B. R. Deane (Eds), Diversity at work: thepractice of inclusion (pp. 155–176).
Bramel, D (2004), The strange career of the contact hypothesis. In Y. T. Lee, C. McAuley, F. Moghaddam, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The psychology of ethnic andcultural conflict (pp. 49–67).
Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.Campbell, N (2012), Promoting intercultural contact on campus: a project to connect and engage international and host students? Journal of Studies inInternational Education, 16(3), 205–227.
Csizér, K, Kormos, J (2008), The relationship of intercultural contact and language learning motivation among Hungarian students of English andGerman. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 29(1), 30–48.
Deardorff, D. K (2006), Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies inInternational Education, 10(3), 241–266.
Deardorff, D. K (2015), Intercultural competence: mapping the future research agenda. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 48, 3–5.
Desforges, D. M., Lord, C. G, Ramsey, S. L, Mason, J. A, Van Leeuwen, M. D, West, S. C, et al (1991), Effects of structured cooperative contact on changingnegative attitudes toward stigmatized groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 531–544.
Dixon, J, Durrheim, K, & Tredoux, C (2005), Beyond the optimal contact strategy: a reality check for the Contact Hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(1),697–711.
Dörnyei, Z, Csizér, K (2005), The effects of intercultural contact and tourism on language attitudes and language learning motivation. Journal ofLanguage and Social Psychology, 24(4), 327–357.
Dovidio, J. F, Gaertner, S. L, & Kawakami, K (2003), Intergroup contact: the past, present, and the future. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 6(1), 5–21.
Dunne, C (2009), Host students’ perspectives of intercultural contact in an Irish university. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(2), 222–239.
Dunne, C (2013), Exploring motivations for intercultural contact among host country university students: an Irish case study. International Journal ofIntercultural Relations, 37(5), 567–578.
Elola, I, Oskoz, A (2008), Blogging: fostering intercultural competence development in foreign language and study abroad contexts. Foreign LanguageAnnals, 41(3), 454–477.
Gaertner, S. L, Mann, J. A, Dovidio, J. F., Murrell, A. J, Pomare, M (1990), How does cooperation reduce intergroup bias? Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 59(4), 692–704.
Halualani, R. T (2008), How do multicultural university students define and make sense of intercultural contact? A qualitative study. International Journalof Intercultural Relations, 32(1), 1–16.
Halualani, R. T, Chitgopekar, A., Morrison, J. H. T. A, & Dodge, P. S. W. (2004). Who’s interacting? And what are they talking about?—intercultural contactand interaction among multicultural university students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28(5), 353–372.
Hammer, M. R (2015), The Developmental paradigm for intercultural competence research. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 48, 12–13.
Harrison, N (2012), Investigating the impact of personality and early life experiences on intercultural interaction in internationalised universities.International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(2), 224–237.
Huang, Y. Y (2012), The impact of intergroup contact on intercultural communicative competence. Nanning, China: Guangxi University [Unpublished masterthesis].
Jackson, J (2006), Ethnographic preparation for short-term study and residence in the target culture. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(1),77–98.
Kormos, J, Csizér, K (2007), An interview study of inter-cultural contact and its role in language learning in a foreign language environment. System,35(2), 241–258.
Kormos, J, Csizér, K, Iwaniec, J (2014), A mixed-method study of language-learning motivation and intercultural contact of international students.Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 35(2), 151–166.
Li, Y (2009), The effects of Film and audio-visual teaching on intercultural competence. Movie Review, 10, 65–66.
Liaw, M. L, Johnson, R. J (2001), E-mail writing as a cross-cultural learning experience. System, 29(2), 235–251.
Liu, S (2012), Rethinking intercultural competence: global and local nexus. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 7(3), 269–275.
Mak, A. S, Brown, P. M, Wadey, D (2014), Contact and attitudes toward international students in Australia: intergroup anxiety and interculturalcommunication emotions as mediators. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(3), 491–504.
Matera, C, Stefanile, C, Brown, R (2012), Host culture adoption or intercultural contact? Comparing different acculturation conceptualizations andtheir effects on host members’ attitudes towards immigrants. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(4), 459–471.
Mo, H. W (2008), On film cultural and intercultural awareness. Film Literature, 14, 145–146.
O’Dowd, R (2007), Online intercultural exchange: an introduction for foreign language teachers. ELT Journal, 95(1), 167–169.
Oxford: Pergamon, Connolly, D (2000), What now for the contact hypothesis? Towards a new research agenda. Race, Ethnicity & Education, 3(2), 169–193.
Pettigrew, T. F (1986), The intergroup contact hypothesis reconsidered. In M. Hewstone, & R. Brown (Eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters (169–195). London: Basil Blackwell.
Pettigrew, T. F (2008), Future directions for intergroup contact theory and research. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(3), 182–199.
Pettigrew, T. F, Tropp, L. R (2000), Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? In S. Oskamp (Ed), Reducing prejudice and discrimination (93–115). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Pettigrew, T. F, Tropp, L. R (2011), When groups meet: the dynamics of intergroup contact. New York: Psychology Press.
Sandage, S. J, Jankowski, P. J (2013), Spirituality, social justice, and intercultural competence: mediator effects for differentiation of self. InternationalJournal of Intercultural Relations, 37 (3), 366–374.
Smith, C. B (1994), Back and to the future: the intergroup contact hypothesis revisited. Sociological Inquiry, 64(4), 438–455.
Stephan, W. G (1987), The contact hypothesis in intergroup relations. In C. Hendrick (Ed), Review of personality and social psychology (13–40).
Vezzali, L, Crisp, R. J, Stathi, S, Giovannini, D (2015), Imagined intergroup contact facilitates intercultural communication for college students onacademic exchange programs. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 18(1), 66–75.
Wang, T. J (2010), Qualitative research on Chinese college students’ intercultural contact on campus. Shanghai, China: Shanghai International StudiesUniversity [Unpublished dissertation].
Yashima, T (2010), The effects of international volunteer work experiences on intercultural competence of Japanese youth. International Journal ofIntercultural Relations, 34(3), 268–282.
Zhang, K. Z, Cheung, C. M, Lee, M. K (2012), Online service switching behavior: the case of blog service providers. Journal of Electronic CommerceResearch, 13(3), 184–197.
