Vertical leaf area and dry matter distribution in potato canopy in response to weed competition

Subject Areas : New Finding in Agriculture

M. R.  Haj seyed hadi ¹ (Islamic Azad University, Roodehen, Iran)
Gh.  Noormohamadi ² (Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Campus,Tehran,Iran)
M.  Nasiri Mahalati ³ (Ferdousi University, Mashhad, Iran)
H.  Rahimi ⁴ (Tehran University, Iran)
E.  Zand ⁵ (Associate Professor of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran. Iran)

Received: 2015-12-08 Accepted : 2015-12-08 Published : 2007-08-23

Keywords: competition, Canopy, Potato, Redroot Pigweed, leaf area, lambsquarter,

Abstract :

To study the competitive effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) on potato, an additive experiment was conducted in the spring of 2004 and 2005 in split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Seed Potato Production Station of RAN in Firouzkooh. Treatments were included 2 weed species in main plots (Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album), weed density in sub plots (2, 4 and 8 plants per meter of row) and relative time of weed emergence in sub-sub plots (8 and 4 days prior to potato and the same time with potato emergence in 2004 and the same time with potato, 2 and 4 weeks after potato in 2005). Results showed increasing weed density resulted in reduction in potato LAI, but leaf area distribution in canopy layers was not affected and maximum LAD was recorded in second layer (20-40 cm) in all treatments. In 2004, redroot pigweed in 2, 4 and 8 plants per meter of row put 29, 42.1 and 44.6 percent of LAI above the potato canopy, respectively. These amounts for lambsquarter were 30.6, 38 and 43 percent.

References:

1- آقا بیگی، م. 1382. بررسی جنبه های مختلف اکوفیزیولوژیک رقابت سلمه تره با ذرت. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد زراعت. دانشگاه مازندران.

2- ایزدی دربندی، ا. 1381. مطالعه و بررسی اثرات رقابتی سوروف و تاج خروس بر عملکرد و خصوصیات فیزیومورفولوژیک لوبیا. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد شناسایی و مبارزه با علف های هرز. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

3- بی نام. 1382. وضعیت تولید سیب زمینی در کشور. دفتر سبزی و صیفی معاونت زراعت، وزارت جهاد کشاورزی.

4- خواجه پور، م. 1383. گیاهان صنعتی. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان. 564 صفحه.

5- رادوسویچ، اس.، هولت، جی. و گرزا، ک. 1383. اکولوژی علف های هرز: کاربردهای مدیریتی. ترجمه اسکندر زند، حمید رحیمیان، علیرضا کوچکی، جواد خلقانی، کریم موسوی و کاظم رمضانی. دانتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد. صفحه558.

6- زند، ا.، کوچکی، ع. و نصیری محلاتی، م. 1382. تغییر ساختار کانوپی در برخی ارقام گندم اصلاح شده ایرانی. مجله دانش کشاورزی، جلد 13، شماره 4، صفحه 13 تا 26.

7- نطقی طاهری، ح. 1375. بررسی رقابت علف های هرز با سیب زمینی. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد زراعت. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

 

8- Acock, B., Charles-Edwards, D. A., Fitter, D.J., Hand, D. W., Ludwig, L. j., Wilson, J. W. and Withers, A. C. 1978. The contribution of leaves from different levels within a tomato crop to canopy net photosynthesis: An experimental examination of two canopy models. J. Exp. Bot. 29, 815-827.

9- Alessi, J., Power, J. F. and Zimerman, D. C. 1977. Sunflower yield and water use as influenced by planting date, population and row spacing. Agron. J. 69, 465-469.

10- Anderson, R. N. 1968. Germination and establishment of weeds for experimental purposes. Weed scienceSociety of America Handbook.

11- Beltrano, J. and Caldiz, O. 1993. Effect of Johnsongrass (Sorghum Halepense) densities on potato. YieldAbst. 20, 3.

12- Duncan, C. M. and Zimdahl, R. L. 1991. Competition ability of wild oats (Avena fatua) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Weed Sci. 39, 558-563.

13- Gallo, K. P., Daughtry, G. S. T. and Wiegand, G. L. 1993. Errors in measuring absorbed radiation and computing crop radiation use efficiency. Agron. J. 85, 1222-1228.

14- Ghosheh, H. Z., Holshouser, D. L. and Chandler, J. M. 1996. Influence of density of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) interference in field corn. Weed Sci. 44, 879-883.

15- Golquhoun, J., Stoltenberg, D. E., Binning, L. K. and Boerboom, C. M. 2001. Phenology of common lambsquarters growth parameters. Weed Sci. 49, 177-183.

16- Haramoto, E. R. and E. R. Gallandt. 2005. Brassica cover cropping: II. Effects on growth and interference of green bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthuscretroflexus). Weed Sci. 53, 702-708.

17- Haverkort, A. J., Uenk, D., Veroude, H. and Van de Waart, M. 1991. Relationships between ground cover, intercepted solar radiation, leaf area index and infrared reflectance of potato crop. Potato Res. 34, 113-121.

18- Hock, S. M., S. Z. Knezevic. and A. R. Martin. 2006. Soybean row spacing and weed emergence time influence weed competitiveness and competitive indices. Weed Sci. 54, 38-46.

19- Johnson, I. R. and Thornley, J. H. M. 1984. A model of instantaneous and daily canopy photosynthesis. J.Theoret. Biol. 107, 531-545.

20- Karlen, D.L. and Camp, C. R. 1985. Row spacing, plant population and water management effects on corn in the Atlantic coastal plain. Agron. J. 77, 393-398.

21- Kempenaar, C. and Schnieders, B. J. 1995. A model to obtain fast and uniform emergence of weeds for field experiments. Weed Res. 35, 385-390.

22- Knezevic, S. A., Weise, S. F. and Swanton, C. J. 1995. Comparision of empirical models cdepicting density of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and relative leaf area as predictors of cyield loss in maize. Weed Res. 32, 207-214.

23- Knezevic, S. Z., S. F. Weise. and  C. J. Swanton. 1994. Interference of redroot pigweed c(Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in corn (Zea mays L.). Weed Sci. 42, 568–573.

24- Kropff, M. J., Vossen, F. J. H., Spitters, C. J. T.  and De Groot, W. 1984. Competition between population of Echiochloa crus-galli (L.). Netherlands J. Agric. Sci. 32, 324-327.

25- Kroppf, M. J. and  Spitters, C. J. T. 1992. An eco-physiological model for interspecific ccompetition, applied to the influence of Chenopodium album L. on sugar beet. I. Model cdescription and parameterization. Weed Res. 32, 437-450.

26-Leuning, R., Cromer, R. N. and Rance, S. 1991. Spatial distribution of foliar nitrogen and cphosphorous in crowns of Eucalyptus grandis. Oecologia. 88, 504-510.

27- Lindquist, J. L., D. A. Mortensen, S. A. Clay., R. Schmenk., J. J. Kells., K. Howatt. and  oP.Westra. 1996. Stability of corn –velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) interference relationships. Weed Sci. 44, 309-313.

28- Lotz, L. A. P., Kropff, M. J., Wallinga, J., Bos, H.J. and Groeneveld, R. M. W. 1994.Techniques to estimate relative leaf area and cover of weeds in crops for yield loss cprediction. Weed Res. 34, 167-176.

29- Love, S. L., Eberlein, C. V., Stark, J. C. and  Bohl, W. H. 1995. Cultivar and seed piece spacing effects on potato competitiveness with weeds. American Potato Journal. 72, 194-213. MacGowan, M., Taylor, H. M., and Willinghm, J. 1991. Influence of row spacing on growth, light and water use by sorghum. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 116, 329-339.

30- Massinga, R. A., R. S. Currie., M. J. Horak. and  J. Boyer. 2001. Interference of palmer amaranth in corn. Weed Sci. 49, 202-208.

31- Nassiri Mahallati, M. 1998. Modelling interactions in grass-clover mixtures. Ph.D thesis. Wageningen Agricultural University.ccc

32- Nelson, D. C. and Thoreson, M. C. 1981. Competition between potatoes and weeds.oWeed Sci. 29, 672-677.

33- Norman, J. M. 1978. Modeling the complete crop canopy. p. 248 277. In : B.J. Barfield and Cerber, J.F. (Eds.). Modification of the aerial environment of crops. ASAE. St. Joseph. MI.

34- Parvez, A.Q., Gardner, F. P. and Boote, K. J. 1989. Determinate and indeterminate type soybean cultivar responses to pattern, density and planting date. Crop Sci. 29, 150-157.

35- Pattey, E. P., Rochette, P., Desjardins, R. L. and  Dube, P. A. 1991. Estimation of the net CO2 assimilation rate of a maize canopy from leaf chamber measurements. Agric. Forest. Meteorol. 55, 37-57.

36- Perera, K. K., Ayres, P. G. and  Gunasena, H. P. M. 1992. Root growth and the relative importance of root and shoot competition in interaction between rice (Oryza sativa) and Echinochloa crus-galli. Weed Res. 32, 67-76.

37- Peterson, D. E. and  Nalewaja, J. D. 1992. Green foxtail (Setaria viridis) competition with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Tech. 6, 291-296.

38- Seavers, G. P. and  K. J, Wright. 1999. Crop canopy development and structure influence weed suppression. Weed Res. 39, 319-328.

39- Sivakumar, M. V. K. and  Virmani, S. M. 1984. Crop productivity in relation to interception of photosynthetically active radiation. Agric. Forest. Meteorol. 31, 131-241.

40- Swanton, C. J., B. D. Booth. and  S. D. Murphy. 2003. Weed ecology in natural and agricultural systems. CAB International Publishing. 320 pp.

41- Tollenaar, M. 1991. The physiological basis of the genetic improvement of maize hybrids in Ontario from 1959 to 1988. Crop Sci. 31, 119-124.

42- Van Acker, R. C., C. J. Swanton. and  S. F. weise. 1993. The critical period of weed control in soybean. Weed Sci. 41, 194-200.

43- Van der Zaag, D. E. 1992. Potatoes and their cultivations in the Netherlands. NIVAA, the Netherlands.

44- Vangessel, M. and  Renner, K. A. 1990. Redroot pigweed and barnyardgrass interference in potato. Weed Sci. 38, 338-343.

45- Wiles, L. J. and  G. G. Wilkerson. 1991. Modeling competition for light between soybean and broad leaf weeds. Agric. Syst. 35, 37–51.

46- Zanin, G., Berti, A. and  Toniolo, L. 1993. Estimation of economic thresholds for weed ccontrol in winter weed. Weed Res. 33, 459-467