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Open Access Article
1 - Providing a model of sustainability factors based on economic, social and environmental fields Sports complexes in Tehran
Amir Izadkhah Seyed Mostafa Tayebisani Bahram Gadimi Mehrdad NavabakhshIn order to meet people's demands for sports and comply with sustainability laws, sports complexes should try to improve their organization's sustainability performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of sustainability factors based on economic a MoreIn order to meet people's demands for sports and comply with sustainability laws, sports complexes should try to improve their organization's sustainability performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of sustainability factors based on economic and social areas of sports complexes. This research is descriptive-survey and retrospective. The statistical population of sports complexes in the northeast of Tehran city with 48 sports complexes, 5 people from each complex and a total of 240 questionnaires were completed. The 2014 Lean Sustainable Supply Chain Management Standard Questionnaire was used. The Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS) method was used to examine the relationships between the variables. The results showed that the economic dimension of supply chain dimensions has the greatest impact on the variable of operational performance of sports complexes in Tehran. The coefficient of economic impact on the environment is 0.89 and the coefficient of economic impact on the social dimension is 0.77. In fact, the economic field is the most important field in the sustainability of sports complexes. Therefore, sustainability leads to the improvement of economic performance and to some extent environmental performance, it can be suggested Managers should pay more attention to the economic dimension to discuss the sustainability of their organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the relationship between multicultural management and sports in schools
Atefeh khodabakhshi Zynalabedin Fallah Amir Montazeri Taher BahlekehAbstract: The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between the multicultural management model and sports in schools, which was done in a quantitative and mixed method. The statistical population of the quantitative part of the study inclu MoreAbstract: The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between the multicultural management model and sports in schools, which was done in a quantitative and mixed method. The statistical population of the quantitative part of the study included all the physical education teachers of the country (N=34000). The statistical sample in this study was considered to be 380 people according to the Karjesi and Morgan table, and the sampling was done using the random cluster method. The data needed to identify the components and analyze the measurement model were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, after obtaining validity (face, content and structure) and validation. Cronbach's alpha method (α=0.91) was used to calculate the reliability of the instrument, and exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was done using SPSS and Lisrel software. Examining and testing the structural equation model of the research showed that the general indicators of fit are in a suitable and favorable condition. So, the antecedent variable of multicultural management has a positive and significant effect on the variable of multicultural management process. Also, the multicultural management process variable has a positive and significant effect on the multicultural management results variable. In addition, the indirect effect of the antecedent variable of multicultural management on the outcome variable of multicultural management was significant, and in the meantime, the variable of multicultural management process played a mediating role. Therefore, the administrators and senior managers and decision-makers of the Ministry of Education should have a special look at multicultural schools and by strengthening and equipping these schools in a fair manner, they should create empathy in the country and prevent suspicions of ethnic discrimination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Accessibility, mobility and transportation criteria in locating tourist-accommodation centers (case study: finding the location of a hotel in Shiraz using the ANP method)
koorosh Bolvaryzadeh Dashtestani Amineh AndjomshoaaIn the realm of architectural design for hotels, it is not only imperative to consider the aesthetics and layout, but also to carefully choose the most fitting location for its intended purpose. In metropolitan areas, hotels are typically constructed in affluent distric MoreIn the realm of architectural design for hotels, it is not only imperative to consider the aesthetics and layout, but also to carefully choose the most fitting location for its intended purpose. In metropolitan areas, hotels are typically constructed in affluent districts or the heart of the city, yet have received minimal scrutiny from researchers regarding their placement. Various factors come into play when determining the optimal site for a hotel, including but not limited to transportation, geographical features, legal and socio-cultural aspects, psychology, building density, regional expansion, cost, and population. These factors are collectively known as location criteria, with each criterion having one or more subsets that are subjected to ANP analysis. The ANP approach is an invaluable tool in identifying the most suitable location for a hotel. Within this piece, one location is selected from three options based on displacement, transportation, and accessibility criteria. The potential of each site is initially evaluated, and images of the areas are created via Photoshop software. Subsequently, the SuperDecision program is leveraged, using the ANP methodology for scoring, selection, and presenting outcomes in various tables and super matrices. Ultimately, the optimal site for a hotel is identified in Shiraz, which ranks among the most populous cities in Iran. This chosen site is situated on Modares Blvd. and boasts several key advantages, which include proximity to the city center, post office, major shopping malls, airport, metro and city bus stations, banks, natural history museum, passenger terminals, Shiraz University of Technology, and various health and treatment centers. As a suggestion, it would be worthwhile to delve further into other location criteria, such as geographical features and operational management, among other key factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The crisis of the spread of Contagious diseases and the role of national aviation in its containment
Mehdi AliyariThe international community was for more than three years embroiled in a health-biological catastrophe caused by Cuvid-19 disease, which has probably spread due to the inherent speed of air transport and has seriously endangered the health of the world's people and unpr MoreThe international community was for more than three years embroiled in a health-biological catastrophe caused by Cuvid-19 disease, which has probably spread due to the inherent speed of air transport and has seriously endangered the health of the world's people and unprecedently reduce or stopped all activities, including air transport activates around the world and sent many people into the jaws of death. Undoubtedly, civil aviation has long been recognized as the fastest means of transportation and commercial transfer within and beyond national borders and it has often been used as a means of appeasing people, especially in providing relief to communities in distress, whether natural disasters, famines, diseases, or wars. In other words, air transport has played two opposite roles in this type of crisis in the last two decades in two different directions: First - to accelerate the transmission of epidemic and pandemic diseases; Second, to play a positive role in managing and controlling disease due to having a previous plan for the readiness and sustainability of global aviation in a critical situation. This paper seeks to explain the above duplicate with analytical and descriptive view with library and field method in the context of international aviation law. it seems civil aviation effects on control and outbreak of Contagious diseases Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Behavioral modeling of human error reduction in the country's air transport industry
Ebrahim Moradi Mohammad Atai Mehdi KheirandishThe present study was conducted with the aim of behavioral modeling to reduce human error in the country's air transportation industry. This study, in terms of the purpose of an applied-developmental research, from the point of view of the method and time frame of data MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of behavioral modeling to reduce human error in the country's air transportation industry. This study, in terms of the purpose of an applied-developmental research, from the point of view of the method and time frame of data collection, is a cross-sectional survey research that was conducted with a mixed approach. The community of participants of the qualitative part includes the managers of the country's air transportation industry, 11 of whom were selected in a targeted manner until reaching theoretical saturation. The statistical population is a small part of the experts and activists of the country's air transportation industry, and the sample size was estimated by Cochran's formula of 366. Quantitative sampling was done by cluster-random method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire, which was validated by construct validity, convergent validity and divergent validity methods. Using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability, the reliability of the questionnaire was also checked. The value of convergent validity for all constructs was above 0.5 and Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were estimated to be above 0.7 for all constructs, so validity and reliability were evaluated as favorable.-.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Determining the relationship between organizational climate and organizational silence through perceived social support in the employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of Fars
nasibala ghashtasebi omid safariObjective: The purpose of this research is the relationship between the organizational climate and employees' silence through the social support perceived by the employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. Methods: This research is applied and descriptive MoreObjective: The purpose of this research is the relationship between the organizational climate and employees' silence through the social support perceived by the employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. Methods: This research is applied and descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research was 114 employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars, of which 92 people were selected as a sample using the total number sampling method. The data collection tools were standard organizational climate questionnaires by Hoppin and Croft (1963), organizational silence by van Dyne et al. (2003) and perceived social support by Zimmet et al. (1988). Descriptive statistics methods were used to describe the data, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, linear regression, and structural equations were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the research showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between organizational climate and perceived social support and employee silence, and there was a positive and significant relationship between organizational climates and perceived social support. Also, the relationship between organizational climate and employee silence through perceived social support was not significant. Conclusions: So we conclude that whit welcoming managers, criticisms and opinions of employees and encouraging them to express their differences of opinion on issue, organization can be effective in reducing organizational silence and creating an appropriate organizational atmosphere. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Determining the relationship between Strategic thinking with organizational prestige through political behaviors in the staff of Fars General Directorate of Sports and Youth
esmat shojaeyain omid safariObjective: The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between strategic thinking and organizational prestige through political behaviors in the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Fars. Methods: This research was applied and MoreObjective: The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between strategic thinking and organizational prestige through political behaviors in the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Fars. Methods: This research was applied and descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research was all the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Fars in the number of 114 people, of which 93 people cooperated with the researcher as a sample and using the total number sampling method. Data collection tools were standard organizational prestige questionnaires. Sarmad et al. (2013), Goldman's strategic thinking (2005) and Dobrin's (1978) political behaviors. Descriptive statistics methods were used to describe the data, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, regression, and structural equations were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the research showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between strategic thinking and organizational prestige, and the results of the research showed that the relationship between strategic thinking and organizational prestige through the subjects' political behaviors was not significant (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: Therefore, it is better to pay more attention to strategic thinking and political behaviors in order to increase the credibility and status of the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Meta-analysis of customer communication relationships with the satisfaction of users of sports facilities
kazem mehri mehrdad Rahimain alireza taherpourNowadays, in order to stay competitive and survive, organizations must have a correct and accurate knowledge of their external environment, especially customers, who are the main pillar of the external environment, in order to understand their needs and wants. customers MoreNowadays, in order to stay competitive and survive, organizations must have a correct and accurate knowledge of their external environment, especially customers, who are the main pillar of the external environment, in order to understand their needs and wants. customers in order to provide better service and bring more satisfaction and In the end, they take a step towards long-term preservation. This need has caused a change in the approach of organizations and new concepts in the field of customer management and marketing have been introduced by passing the traditional form. The gradual entry of our country into the world trade arena, the advancement of the privatization policy, the increase of customers and the subsequent increase of their expectations and expectations have increased the competition in such a way that the survival of organizations depends on the creation and increase of advantages. It will be competitive. The aim of this research was to investigate the meta-analysis of customer relations with the satisfaction of users of sports facilities, in order to reach this goal and complete the subject literature and theoretical foundations, related information from the field method and the library method such as reading books, articles, magazines, and research projects. Hashi and Internet information banks were collected. The statistical population included all the researches reported in the field of investigating the relationship with the customer and the satisfaction of the users of sports facilities from 1390 to 1402. From among the statistical population, 20 studies that met the criteria for entering the meta-analysis were selected as research samples through the census method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Transmission Technology Model with Futuristic Approach in Rail Transport Industry (Case Study: High Speed Train)
hojjat ashouri S. Mohammad Seyed Hosseini Reza RadfarNowadays, placing Iran on the international corridors route has made the loss of Iranian roads and the emergence of environmental issues and the issue of energy, development of transportation and futures research in it. The purpose of this research is to identify effect MoreNowadays, placing Iran on the international corridors route has made the loss of Iranian roads and the emergence of environmental issues and the issue of energy, development of transportation and futures research in it. The purpose of this research is to identify effective factors and provide a fast-moving technology transfer model with a futuristic approach. Data collection has been done through library studies and field studies. After 73 of these indicators were extracted, 54 main indicators were selected by the experts in the field of transportation of rail transport technology. According to these indices, the research questionnaire was designed and distributed. Finally, after completing the questionnaire by 37 experts in the field of technology transfer, the data collected using structural equations and PLS Smart software were analyzed and the research model was fitted and the number of 49 indicators in 3 factors and 8 dimensions for the model Designed accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Futures investment and financing of rail transportation industry (machinery and equipment)
Mohammad Reza Fathi Mohammad Hassan Maleki Hossein MoghaddamTransportation industry is considered as one of the most important elements of national economy and because of possessing basically role, has abundant effects on proces MoreTransportation industry is considered as one of the most important elements of national economy and because of possessing basically role, has abundant effects on process of economic growth of the country. Thus, without existence of transportation network, installations and lateral equipment and desired fleet, imagination of growth and general development of country sounds impossible. in this research with applying two methods of futures study including structural analysis and scenario planning at first proceed to identifying and analyzing key effective factors and then futures scenarios of investing and financing in railway transportation industry (machinery and equipment sector) will be wrote. First data of this research are gathered with using interview with managers and experts of railway industry, literature review and review antecedent researches and analyzed in the form of expert questionnaire and using Mic-mac software. among 40 effective factors, 16 important factors are identified and with analyzing Mic-mac software, eventually 3 effective key factors including economic sanctions, inflation and monetary and financial policies specified. These factors used as basically foundations in writing scenarios. Set of probable conditions of these factors specified by experts and then 7 uncertain conditions considered for them and entered to Scenario wizard software. with analysis of Scenario wizard software, 5 scenarios with high consistency presented and then with regard to experts viewpoints, 2 effective key factors including economic sanctions and monetary and financial policies that have high uncertainty and high importance, identified as pivots of writing future scenarios and then 4 scenarios for future of investing and financing in railway transportation industry presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Providing mathematical model to select suppliers of production in the supply chain with the approach bee algorithm
tajaddin eram Nasser fegh-hi farahmand Yaghoub Alavi MatinSelecting suitable suppliers and assigning orders to them, is one of the most important strategic supply chain management activities. In this research, a mathematical model for choosing the supplier in the supply chain in the framework of the operational research method MoreSelecting suitable suppliers and assigning orders to them, is one of the most important strategic supply chain management activities. In this research, a mathematical model for choosing the supplier in the supply chain in the framework of the operational research methods in dairy production units in the city of maku was proposed. The model was designed as Linear programming with assumptions such as supplying a variety of milk products with the same requirements, such as quality, timely delivery, obligations and envirmental require mental for all suppliers. This model includes parameters such as milk purchase cost, transportation cost, milk purchase, milk suppliers, production capacity, and minimum required milk. The objectives of this research include minimizing the cost of supplying milk, supplying the minimum required milk and selecting suitable suppliers of milk. the research method, mathematical descriptive, is applied in terms of purpose, Information gathering tools, such as documentation tools, interviews with experts and production managers were used in relation to production, to determine the sample size were selected by cluster sampling method and random sampling method. Due to complexity of the problem solving, the meta-heuristic bee algorithm approach using MATLAB software was solved. The results obtained from the findings showed that with the bee algorithm, the suitable supplier of milk was selected in the supply chain, so that the cost of milk supply minimized and the minimum material required was estimated by the suppliers. It is Conclude that the suggested bee algorithm is an acceptable performance in a suitable time period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The effect of outsourcing places and equipment's of Youth and Sports on organizational agility and staff empowerment in 1404 outlook (with a structural modeling approach)
Abbas Bagheri reza saboonchi hamid foroghipourBackground: outsourcing is among the economic development device aiming to transfer non-strategic activities to other organizations. Aim: The aim was to review the effect of outsourcing venues and equipment's on organizational agility and staff empowerment in the Minist MoreBackground: outsourcing is among the economic development device aiming to transfer non-strategic activities to other organizations. Aim: The aim was to review the effect of outsourcing venues and equipment's on organizational agility and staff empowerment in the Ministry of Youth and Sports. Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlational with an approach of structural equation modeling. The sampling method random sampling and the data collection device were outsourcing questionnaire (researcher made), and organizational agility (Sharifi and Zhang, 1999), and in empowerment (Spritzer, 1997) with the final coefficients of 0/81, 0/87 and 0/91 accordingly. The statistician sample was 202 managers, experts and staff in staff section in the Ministry of Youth and Sports according to Morgan table. Findings: The outsourcing questionnaire divergent, convergent, and differential narration was done by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Pierson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling were used because of the normal data distribution. The rate of outsourcing efficiency related to organizational agility of 0/343 and in relation to staff empowerment of 0/625 was obtained. The intensity of outsourcing effect on organizational agility and staff empowerment was calculated 0/54 and 0/87 accordingly in structural equation analysis. Conclusion: The Ministry of Youth and sports managers can improve organizational performance in accordance using outsourcing and reduce concerns related to stadium construction, repair, and management along with reducing staff costs by assignment of equipment and administration of stadiums and Improve development in its activity field in accordance to the 44 article of constitution bases on 1404 outlook. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating the Impacts of Organizing Processes Changes on Strategic Foresight Implementation Framework in Sport Industry
Ali Hemmati Afif Mahdi Nikooye Mohammadmahdi Mozaffari einollah keshavarz turkImplementing organizing activities with foresightfulness decisions is critical for competitive success due to uncertainty in environment of sport organizations. So strategic foresight has been developed in order to create and achieve sustained competitive advantage. App MoreImplementing organizing activities with foresightfulness decisions is critical for competitive success due to uncertainty in environment of sport organizations. So strategic foresight has been developed in order to create and achieve sustained competitive advantage. Applying and implementing strategic foresight by middle managers is important because of their responsibilities and authorization in managing, controlling and organizing of the organizations. This article aim is to identify factors influence on dissipation of strategic foresight implementation based on changes in organizing processes. In other word, considering organizing processes role in implementation of strategic foresight, this research investigates the effects of organizing processes and its related associated routines on strategic foresight implementation. Therefore, factors that have influence on successful or unsuccessful implementation of strategic foresight in sport organizations, should be identified. The article aim is to identify influence of organizing processes and their associated routines (rhetoric of legitimation, Instrumental rationality, suppression of creative freedom, and the formulation of solutions in search of problems) on successful strategic foresight implementation with using partial least square (PLS) software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - designing organizational resiliency pattern a private sports club
Bahman Valinejad Farideh Ashrafganjouei Mohamadreza EsmailiThe private sector can play an effective role in the development of public sport, championship and goals such as job creation and increased productivity of sports facilities and equipment. One of the areas that the private sector has come into contact with is the sports MoreThe private sector can play an effective role in the development of public sport, championship and goals such as job creation and increased productivity of sports facilities and equipment. One of the areas that the private sector has come into contact with is the sports club, which is the root and core of sports development, and is referred to as the main infrastructure of the sports club industry.The purpose of this study was to design a model of organizational resiliency of a private sports club with a mixed approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of scientific and executive experts in the field of sport management. The sampling method in this section was purposive sampling. The data collection was a semi-structured interview.n the coding of the research with characteristic markers- Organizational resilience in this study was subject to three loci of situational awareness, key vulnerability management, adaptability, and 15 primary codes. Supervision and evaluation, lack of resilience culture among club members and its 16 codes Highlights of resilience facilitators included the five mission-oriented policies and goals of the organization, morale and education, linking individual and collective interests in the organization, social capital, receiving support from government agencies, and 17 basic codes have been. The indicators of resilience strategies in this study included five sources of support for top level managers, continuous improvement, long-term and strategic vision, training and knowledge development programs, networking and integration of knowledge, and 17 basic codes that each schematic model of each factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Forecasting the development of the public transport system in Qom with the Interactive Impact Analysis
azra ostovari ahmad GhasemiBackground: Qom is the eighth city of the country in terms of population and the second largest city in the country after Mashhad The centrality of admitting religious scholars and geographers As the north-south-east highway to the west, Transportation has become a majo MoreBackground: Qom is the eighth city of the country in terms of population and the second largest city in the country after Mashhad The centrality of admitting religious scholars and geographers As the north-south-east highway to the west, Transportation has become a major issue in the city.Target: Forecasting the development of the public transport system in Qom with the Interactive Impact Analysis.Method: With the logic of morphological analysis, a number of dimensions and indicators were identified as factors in the development of public transportation. By using the scenario wizard software, consistent scenarios from the combination of different indicators according to the experts of the transport deputies of Qom.Results: First consecutive scenario with compatibility level 46 as the most adapted scenario, including intersection design, resident population (welfare of citizens), safety (removal of accidental points), personal transportation management, the role of traffic police and the correct use of traffic lights and Driving was selected to manage traffic in Qom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Explaining the Consequential Factors of Branding Pattern in the Freight Road Transport Industry with a Futuristic Studies Approach
Parviz Turani Qazvini asghar moshabaki esfahani Hamidreza Saeed Nia Ali BadizadehDespite the great importance of branding on the growth and development of businesses in the national economy, and its development implications for various industries in the present and future, the statistical data indicate the low efficiency of the road transport indust MoreDespite the great importance of branding on the growth and development of businesses in the national economy, and its development implications for various industries in the present and future, the statistical data indicate the low efficiency of the road transport industry of this huge scientific capacity, commensurate with the capabilities. The aim of the present study is to explain the consequential factors of the branding model in the freight transportation industry in Iran for future research. This research has an exploratory-applied nature; With interpretive-structural paradigm; a mixed approach of qualitative data-based methods and quantitative method of structural equations is a futuristic approach to the analysis of processes; Using Max QD software and a small phase of structural equations using LISREL software, its statistical population is a combination of elites and experts in the field of freight transport, business management science and the science of the future of research. They were identified and selected by snowball method. Based on the findings of this study, the most important outcome factors of the branding model of businesses in the freight transport industry are: increasing innovation, providing added value, reducing complexity, compensating for price pressure, reducing road traffic, reducing risk, return on investment, increasing satisfaction Customers, differentiation, quantitative and qualitative growth of services, standardization of services, reduction of fuel consumption and, consequently, recognizing these factors and paying attention to them, help managers in strategic planning for the growth and development of businesses related to the freight transport industry and favorable future. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Design of a Mathematical Model for Production and Delivery Planning in the Supply Chain Systems.
M. Aryanejad M. ModiriThe 1980s witnessed the establishment of many new production strategies, including Just-in-timemanufacturing, Lean manufacturing, Kanban systems, and Total quality management. (TQM)These strategies have been applied by many companies to improve system management, enhanc MoreThe 1980s witnessed the establishment of many new production strategies, including Just-in-timemanufacturing, Lean manufacturing, Kanban systems, and Total quality management. (TQM)These strategies have been applied by many companies to improve system management, enhance productand process quality, and reduce operating and inventory costs, in order to better compete in differentmarkets.Recently, however, the strategies have focused more on improving supply chain management to achievethese goals. Many of the advances in supply chain management can be analyzed with the aid of a computer.Computer – aided decision - support tools play a very important role in assisting and supporting decisionmakers managing a complex supply chain system.This dissertation develops a computer - aided decision - support tool: an integer linear optimization modelof a deterministic multi - item, multi - stage, multi - period, capacitated, with deterministic demandgeneralized network supply chain system. The model uses a kanban control system to plan and allocateproduction and delivery throughout the supply chain - The main objective of the model is to minimize thecost of Kanban injection, the cost of finished goods inventory, and the cost of work - in - process inventoryin the system. Practical problems of supply chain systems with associated optimal production and deliveryallocation are also presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Magnetic behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole nanocomposite
Afarin Bahrami Kasra Behzad -
Open Access Article
19 - Abnormal electronic transport in disordered four-terminal graphene nanodevice
Amirhossein Ahmadkhan Kordbacheh Azadeh Jafari Mehdi Afshar Arjmand -
Open Access Article
20 - Investigation of structural and electronic transport properties of graphene and graphane using maximally localized Wannier functions
Mansoureh Pashangpour Vahid Ghaffari -
Open Access Article
21 - Recombination phenomenon in polyethylene under space charge dynamics and its effects on the external current evolution
Imed Boukhris Amal Gargouri Ezzeddine Belgaroui Ali Kallel -
Open Access Article
22 - The effect of structural defects on the electron transport of MoS2 nanoribbons based on density functional theory
Farahnaz Zakerian Morteza Fathipour Rahim Faez Ghafar Darvish -
Open Access Article
23 - Temperature dependence of resistivity of RFeAsO compounds
S. Mukherjee Papri Dasgupta Asok Poddar Chandan Mazumdar -
Open Access Article
24 - Calculation of current density for graphene superlattice in a constant electric field
Farhad Sattari -
Open Access Article
25 - Ripple transport and neoclassical diffusion in IR-T1 tokamak
M. Hosseininejad M. Ghoranneviss M. K. Salem -
Open Access Article
26 - Estimation of photo-degradation of dielectrics surrounding the narrow channel due to PD activity
Alireza A. Ganjovi -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating the effect of geometrical asymmetry on conductance and TMR ratio in the ZnO rock salt-based MTJ: a DFT study
Masoud Ansarino -
Open Access Article
28 - Sports Result Prediction Based on Machine Learning and Computational Intelligence Approaches: A Survey
Milad Keshtkar Langaroudi Mohammadreza Yamaghani -
Open Access Article
29 - Development of sports development guides Abadan Oil Refining Company
Reza Baledi Hossein AkbariYazdi Shiva AzadfadaObjective: The purpose of this study was to compile the guidelines for sports development of Abadan Oil Refining Company with a multi-criteria decision-making approach that has been done by applied-analytical method. Methods: The present research is applied in terms of MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to compile the guidelines for sports development of Abadan Oil Refining Company with a multi-criteria decision-making approach that has been done by applied-analytical method. Methods: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect information of mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the present study included athletes, club managers, as well as academic experts in the field of strategic management in sports. The statistical sample of this study also included the Strategic Council, which was selected from the above community in a targeted manner and their number was 17 people. Findings: A questionnaire was also used to rank the identified strategies in accordance with the hierarchical analysis method. Partnership strategy with free zone in developing and strengthening the city's sports infrastructure with a total weight of 0.163 and strategy for developing the education system and upgrading all human resources (managers, experts, technical staff and athletes) with a total weight of 0.146 are the most important development strategies the sport is Abadan Oil Refining Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - بررسی مدل ها و ارائه مدل مناسب سیاستگذاری اخلاقی درسازمان های ورزشی ایران
Meysam Eyvazi Alireza Amirkabiri Faride Haghshenas kashani Mohammad Reza Rabiee MandjinEthics in sports is one of the most important issues. In terms of the impact of sports on society and its impact on society, the need to pay attention to ethics and ethical policy in sports is very important. In the present study, first the policy models are examined an MoreEthics in sports is one of the most important issues. In terms of the impact of sports on society and its impact on society, the need to pay attention to ethics and ethical policy in sports is very important. In the present study, first the policy models are examined and then 19 sports managers and professors (Consisting of PhD professors, world and Asian champions, national team coaches, top-level sports directors and sports book authors) who have been interviewed as an expert group. Selected, information gathered through interviews Then, coding and analysis were performed and using the content analysis method, the model was presented and finally, using a questionnaire with a probable sample of 385 people, using both SPSS and SmartPLS software, the presented model was tested. Findings show that, in the form of ethical policy-making in sports, formulation of policy strategies with a value of 0.738, targeted interactions with a value of 0.734, ethnic diversity and synergistic potentials with a value of 0.707, knowledge mobilization And information with a value of 0.707, content of ethical policy with a value of 0.706, sports ethical applied centers with a value of 0.688, are effective and play an important role, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Identifying the Indexes and Components of Organizational Resilience in Private Sport Clubs
Bahman Valinejad Farideashraf Ganjouei Mohammadreza EsmaeiliBackground: Organizational resilience means that organizations survive in crises, tolerate well and improve their performance. Purpose: This study aims to identify the indexes and components of organizational resilience in private sport clubs. Methodology: The research MoreBackground: Organizational resilience means that organizations survive in crises, tolerate well and improve their performance. Purpose: This study aims to identify the indexes and components of organizational resilience in private sport clubs. Methodology: The research community includes scientific and executive experts in the field of sport management who were familiar with the topics related to private sport clubs. To collecting samples by snow ball sampling method. Semi-structured interview is used for collecting data. Thus in this qualitative study, theme analysis method is used, the components and indexes of organizational resilience were identified by analyzing the data resulted from the interview texts with 17 scientific and executive experts. Results: According to the results, organizational resilience component includes three indexes of situational awareness, key vulnerability management, adaptability with 15 primary codes; barriers to resilience includes 16 primary codes, resilience facilitator component includes 5 indexes and 17 primary codes, and finally resilience strategy component includes 5 indexes with 17 primary codes. Conclusion: For developing organizational resilience in sport clubs through policy making and setting proper structures and providing satisfactory environments and contexts, organizational resilience bases in sport clubs are identified and performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A Study of Sports Policy in Iran Based on Pierre Müller's Multiple Decision-Making Model
javad giahshenas bon bazari ahmad saee sadegh zibakalammofrad hamidreza malekmohamadiIn the course of sports general policy-making, the presence of parallel institutions as well as multiple sources of decision-making to deal with different diminutions of sports including professional and public sports has resulted in waste of the country's material and MoreIn the course of sports general policy-making, the presence of parallel institutions as well as multiple sources of decision-making to deal with different diminutions of sports including professional and public sports has resulted in waste of the country's material and spiritual resources as well as forces and talents. Therefore, assuming the problem in the Iranian sports policy-making and focusing on the multiple sources of decision-making, the present paper is seeking to concentrate on the biggest problem of decision-making procedure of the country’s sport’s system in national, regional and international levels as well as the present conflict in the conceptual system which affects the constriction of sports policy. In the course of sports general policy-making, the presence of parallel institutions as well as multiple sources of decision-making to deal with different diminutions of sports including professional and public sports has resulted in waste of the country's material and spiritual resources as well as forces and talents. Therefore, assuming the problem in the Iranian sports policy-making and focusing on the multiple sources of decision-making, the present paper is seeking to concentrate on the biggest problem of decision-making procedure of the country’s sport’s system in national, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Developing Strategies for the Development of Elder’s Sports in Iran in the Horizon of 20 Years
Sabihe hamdami khotbesara Ali Asghar Doroudian Zara sadat moshir estekhareh Ahad Rezayan GhayehbashiBackground: Population growth, especially in developing countries and increasing life expectancy and life expectancy, has caused the phenomenon of aging societies and one of the issues that affect the lives of the elderly is exercise, which playsan important rolein the MoreBackground: Population growth, especially in developing countries and increasing life expectancy and life expectancy, has caused the phenomenon of aging societies and one of the issues that affect the lives of the elderly is exercise, which playsan important rolein the physicaland mentalhealth of the elderly has it. Objective:The purposeof this study is to identify factors affecting the elder’s sports in Iran and classificationthem in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and environmental threats, as well as providing practical strategiesfor thedevelopmentof elder’s sportsin Iran. Methods:The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect information of mixed type(qualitative and quantitative).The statistical population of this study includes experts related to elder’s sports in Iran.Among these people, 20 people were selected as a research sample in the qualitative section.The sampling method is non-random. Data collection toolsarequestionnaires and interviews with experts.For statistical analysis, Delphi technique andSWOTanalysis matrix were used. Findings:The findings show that with the formation of theSWOTmatrix,40practical strategies for the development of elder’s sports in Iran were presented.Finally, amongthe strategiespresented,10strategies were selected as thebest strategies by experts. Conclusion: According to the results thelocation of the elder’s sports in Iran in the internal andexternal square matrix located in defensivebox. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Strategies for Developing Sports Entrepreneurship Opportunities at The Macro Level
Taghi ashouri Morteza dosti Seyed Mohamad Hosein Razavi Abolhasan HoseiniBackground: In general, studies in the field of entrepreneurship show the strategies of entrepreneurial activities mainly by focusing on the category of opportunity and competitive advantage. For this reason, the dominant thinking in the entrepreneurial literature is en MoreBackground: In general, studies in the field of entrepreneurship show the strategies of entrepreneurial activities mainly by focusing on the category of opportunity and competitive advantage. For this reason, the dominant thinking in the entrepreneurial literature is entrepreneurial opportunity and the essence of strategic entrepreneurship is entrepreneurial opportunities it show. investigating approach for the development of sports entrepreneurship opportunities in a macro level. Methodology: The present study is a mixed method with semi-structured interviews to reach theoretical saturation and consensus in the qualitative section: 40 academic experts in entrepreneurship and sports management participated with purposive theoretical sampling. In the quantitative section: 164 sports entrepreneurs and postgraduate students of sports management were selected by random sampling. The research tools were semi-structured interviews and researcher-made interviews to determine the categories and model fit. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares method with the analysis of variance-based statistical software "Smart PLS (3). Results: The model at the macro level: with 5 categories (economic, social, legal, political and cultural), respectively, were identified and ranked and the relationship between categories with the macro level structure is positive and significant (T ≤ 2.58) and the model (GOF = 0.727) was evaluated as strong. Conclusion: Based on the interview conducted in the qualitative section, strategies for developing entrepreneurial opportunities with a macro-level approach have been reported in five categories: economic, social, legal, political and cultural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Effect of Organizational Factors and Personal Factors Tend To Leave The Sport (Case Study: Tehran Province Committee of The Women's Swimming)
Shahrnaz Varnous Hajieh Rajabi FarjadThe aim of this study was to Organizational factors and personal factors tend to leave the sport veterans, from the perspective of the women's swimming team are. This research method is descriptive - survey is applied. A survey, managers, technicians and staff of the Bo MoreThe aim of this study was to Organizational factors and personal factors tend to leave the sport veterans, from the perspective of the women's swimming team are. This research method is descriptive - survey is applied. A survey, managers, technicians and staff of the Board Mrs. swimming Tehran province using stratified random sampling A total of 132 samples were obtained Data gathering tool was a researcher-made After the preparation of teachers and experts were swimming and they confirmed its validity. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the index of 0/87 respectively. Information collected through the questionnaire using descriptive and inferential statistics (t-tests one variable, paired t-test) were analyzed. This finding represents a Rights of their advantages, job security, working conditions, nature of work-related stress, family responsibilities, age and education in sustainability elders Higher than average levels of The working conditions of all agents and Then the salary and benefits, education, tenure, age, family responsibilities and the tensions arising from the nature of the work, sustain the elders of the sports business. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Providing a model for developing organizational entrepreneurship based on knowledge management in sports organizations
محسن شیرمحمدزاده Ali Ebadi babajanIntroduction: Sports organizations have a high capacity to apply entrepreneurship and knowledge management due to the large number gers of sports and youth departments of East Azarbaijan province. The selection of the statistical sample was by using the purposeful sampl MoreIntroduction: Sports organizations have a high capacity to apply entrepreneurship and knowledge management due to the large number gers of sports and youth departments of East Azarbaijan province. The selection of the statistical sample was by using the purposeful sampling method with the snowball approach, and the selection of the statistical sample continued until conducting interviews with 17 people, and the researcher reached theoretical saturation, and by conducting a new interview, no new information was obtained. In the current research, data analysis was done according to the theory of data base with the approach of Strauss and Corbin. The collected data were coded. MAXQDA software was used to classify the extracted codes. Findings: The results of the research in the form of five components of causal factors (factors related to knowledge management including applying knowledge, preserving knowledge, transforming and transferring knowledge and acquiring and creating knowledge), background factors (legal-political, social-cultural factors, individual and structural abilities and characteristics) ), intervening factors (factors related to human resources, including employee motivation and the ability and individual characteristics of employees, and factors related to organizational culture, including creativity and innovation, management beliefs and organizational communication (formal communication and informal communication), Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The role of mass media in improving awareness of civil liability sports
MohammadHossein Mirsoleymani Edris Ghaderpour Masoud Naderian Saeed YariThe main purpose of the present Article is to investigate the role of mass media in improving the awareness of civil liability in sport.The Article in terms of purpose is applied and according to the method of data collection is descriptive-analytic and correlation type MoreThe main purpose of the present Article is to investigate the role of mass media in improving the awareness of civil liability in sport.The Article in terms of purpose is applied and according to the method of data collection is descriptive-analytic and correlation type.The statistical population includes Headquarters of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, officials of the NationalOlympicCommittee and heads of sports federations(90),as well as a number of professors in the field of sports law(15), and Sampling method was also the whole number.And87people participated in this study.The Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed with emphasis on the opinions of managers and legal and media experts.The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by7Specialists and the reliability of the questionnaire was0.81using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmed.The data analysis method was also performed using the structural equation model in PLS software, and Friedman test was used to rank the most important media.The results show that the impact of mass media such as audio,visual, print and Internet on the promotion of awareness of the Civil Liability of athletes, coaches, managers, judges and audiences has a positive and significant effect, and these four media can make up75% of the changes in awareness to provide Civil Liability sports. In addition, the results of the ranking also showed that Internet media (websites and social networks) then the media (TV), print media (newspapers, books, etc.) And audio media (radio) were the most important in promoting awareness of Civil Liability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - A Qualitative Approach to Modeling the Effectiveness of Sport Brand Placement in the Media
Mehrshad Nasimi Nasrollah Mohammadi Mohammad Ali Nasimi Saeed AmirnejadThe age we live in is the age of electronics and communication, the age of the emergence of different media in human life. Using the media to introduce sports products to audiences is very effective. The use of sports brand placement in the media and its use in recent y MoreThe age we live in is the age of electronics and communication, the age of the emergence of different media in human life. Using the media to introduce sports products to audiences is very effective. The use of sports brand placement in the media and its use in recent years has become one of the most widely used techniques for sport product advertising. The purpose of this study was to design an effective model of sport brand placement in the media using the data base method. In order to carry out the research, a qualitative research approach based on the data base method and semi-structured interviews were used by sports brand experts in the media. The sample size consisted of 12 individuals with theoretical and judgmental sampling logic and up to theoretical saturation. The coding of the data was done using Max Kyoda software. The research findings show the effectiveness of sports brand placement in the media with 10 factors and 50 components including: attitude to film, audience capture, audience position, advertising, dominance of brand placement, product integration with the program, demographic characteristics, personality relationship The sports program is explained by the product, the economic benefits and the sports script. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Analysis of Motivational Components of Sports Program Viewers Through Online Digital Media
Masomeh Babaie Mobarakeh Mehdi kohandel Abas khodayari Mahvash Noorbakhsh Ali ZareiThe purpose of the present study was to analyze the factors motivation for viewing sports programs through digital media online. The research method was exploratory mix. The statistical population of this study was all students of Payam-e-Noor University of Tehran with MoreThe purpose of the present study was to analyze the factors motivation for viewing sports programs through digital media online. The research method was exploratory mix. The statistical population of this study was all students of Payam-e-Noor University of Tehran with a total of 22000 students. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Expert and content analysis were used for face and content validity and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. Structural equation modeling was performed using partial least squares method using Smart PLS software. Factors and factor loading were identified and extracted using orthogonal rotational factor analysis using SPSS 20 software at the significant level of 0.05 and two-way. After identifying the motivational variables, viewers of 8 sports hidden motivation variables were evaluated. The findings of the eight components of the motivation of viewers of sports programs through online digital media showed that the constructs of excitement , entertainment and recreation, sports information, sports information updating, relaxation, social interactions, emancipation respectively. Everyday life is the last element of companionship. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in addition to focusing on content production, sports programmers should produce programs that can be watched from anywhere, anytime and with various online means. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Evaluation of selected sports television programs in Iran based on program branding framework
Hossein Zare Vahid Shojaei Mohammad Hami Bahare Soleymani TapesariThe purpose of this study was to evaluate selected sports television programs in Iran based on the program branding framework.In this evaluation study, which was applied and based on comparing different dimensions of selected television sports programs with the indicato MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate selected sports television programs in Iran based on the program branding framework.In this evaluation study, which was applied and based on comparing different dimensions of selected television sports programs with the indicators of branding of television programs, 164 individuals consisting of media experts as well as sports managers responded voluntarily to a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 39 questions.Findings from the descriptive data categorized showed that most of the selected television programs (75%) had a mixed approach to their activity.There is a significant difference between program of Varzesh va Mardom and with programs such as 90, Football E Bartar and Kavosh in terms of the impact of media branding, but the difference between other television sports programs is not significant, although differences between averages are evident.The results from the Friedman test showed that there is a significant difference between the preference of the selected sports television programs based on the media branding model. By explaining that the the program 90, Football E Bartar, Kavosh, Video Check, Sport 2, Dayere Ye Talaei, Volleybal +, and Varzesh va Mardom had the highest brand value respectively.The overall conclusion of this study is that in the branding process of television sports programs, different components such as program approach and vision, program quality, management factors, and contextual factors must be considered, as the lack of attention to each these factors and their subsets of subsets simply cause serious damage to the program. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Role of Transportation Media in Development of National Tourism Industry
Akbar Nasrollahi Farzaneh Sharifi Mohammad Reza HaghighiTourism phenomenon as a social phenomenon is one of the world industries that improve the situations for finding jobs. The tourism industry is considered the biggest and most renowned in the world. Many countries have this dynamic industry as the main source of income, MoreTourism phenomenon as a social phenomenon is one of the world industries that improve the situations for finding jobs. The tourism industry is considered the biggest and most renowned in the world. Many countries have this dynamic industry as the main source of income, employment, private sector development and infrastructure development. The tourism industry today is so important in economic and social development that economists also call that the invisible export. From the industrial age to the information age that is the golden age of the information societies we are faced with change. Given the huge potential of tourism and numerous technical facilities, technical and human resources are abundant in Iran and opportunities resulting from this wave of change in information technology changes our tourism. In this article the role of all domestic media that are highly specialized in the field of transport are focused on the development of the tourism industry is examined and given the relatively small population that had the media, the results of lack of visual appeal and characteristics of active media outlets suggest that the result shows the audience of the media and the impact on the audience that cause less tourism in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Developing the use of active transportation modes inside cities: Identification and compilation of fundamental indicators
Abolfazl DehghanmongabadiThe concept of sustainable development has emerged in the transportation sector as a key approach to providing a serious balance between social fairness, economic development, and environmental protection. In recent years, the concept of sustainable transportation has b MoreThe concept of sustainable development has emerged in the transportation sector as a key approach to providing a serious balance between social fairness, economic development, and environmental protection. In recent years, the concept of sustainable transportation has become a leading research topic around the world. The application of sustainability actions in the transportation sector would help ameliorate its issues. Unfortunately, the current urban transportation systems have raised serious concerns and posed a widespread threat to urban sustainability, social justice, economic life, and environmental survival. Hence, the transportation sector needs fundamental changes in policy, planning, and design of its systems around the world to be able to develop the concept of sustainability in this sector. Over the past four decades, using active and sustainable transportation modes has been encouraged and this approach is defined as one of the major sustainability movements that have taken place in many countries and is titled as Active Transportation Movement. Approving the use of active modes of transportation has emerged as one of the particular movements focused on encouraging travel related to walking, cycling, and the use of public transportation systems. Accordingly, this paper provides a narrative literature review to clarify the main indicators related to the social and built environment aspects that must be considered by planners and policymakers in the way of promoting the use of active modes of transportation inside urban societies. Therefore, in this research, the meta-analysis method was used to systematically analyze 75 research published by journals indexed in the SCI and SSCI categories in the Web of Science (WOS). Besides, selected articles have been published from 2018 to 2023. Finally, fundamental indicators have been presented in four Physical, Social-Cultural, Intelligentization, Education and Policymaking categories. The effects of indicators related to the built environment are more quantitative and measurable than indicators related to the social-cultural aspect. This study highlights that attention to social-cultural characteristics is of utmost importance in the process of promoting the use of active modes of transportation. Regardless of the challenges, indicators related to the social aspect can give policy-makers very comprehensive knowledge of the social characteristics of communities where a project is to be applied. The infrastructures related to intelligentization, play an undeniable role in the future of sustainable transportation around the world. Raising the level of citizens' awareness of the benefits of using active transportation systems and its direct effects on the health of the body, mind, spirit and the environment is one of the necessary solutions that must be implemented at different levels of society throughout various educational methods. Furthermore, the use of correct policies that can be adopted positively and negatively complements all efforts in the direction of developing the use of active transportation systems among citizens. In the end, this investigation highlights that in the decision-making process for any project which is meant to encourage people to use active modes of transportation, consideration of indicators and paying attention to current and expected transportation requirements are very important to reach an ideal future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Role of road widenings in designing of mass public transportation systems in Mashhad
Houman Shadabmehr Mohamad Rahim Rahnama Mohhamad Ajza Shokouhi Ezatollah MafiToday, transport planning is one of the important aspects of urban planning. In this regard, enhancement of the public transport systems and guiding the urban travels towards these systems has found a crucial role in traffic improvement, preventing capital waste and rea MoreToday, transport planning is one of the important aspects of urban planning. In this regard, enhancement of the public transport systems and guiding the urban travels towards these systems has found a crucial role in traffic improvement, preventing capital waste and reaching to the sustainable cities. In Mashhad, two systems, namely Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) are defined as the main public transport systems. This research has down with the aim of effect explain of city detailed design texture streets downtown road widening on the process of public transport route designing. It should be noted that the mean of widening is not the rampant road widening but it is just road widening according to approved urban detailed designs. Theoretical foundations of research is theory of urban sustainability. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Research data is obtained from data bank of Mashhad transportation comprehensive studies by documentary study. The most part of zoning in the city of Mashhad mean divided the city to 253 traffic zones has used in order to increase the accuracy of study. The routes of the main public transport lines have re-designed using ant colony algorithm. The algorithm objective function includes variables of population, employment and the surface of trip attractive land uses and the main limitation have been defined as width of streets in two case, present situation and widening streets. So, two reform options of mass public transport systems have been produced. Then, the access index has been measured based on Hansen relation in case of two mentioned alternatives. The research hypothesis testing showed that the access index in case of alternative which achieved road widening is significantly higher than the other alternative. The research results explain importance of city detailed design road widening in view point of improving main public transport routes and increase their efficiency. According to traffic problems of central business districts of mega cities and the consequences of this include air pollution and etc. it is necessary to adopt policies to deal with these problems. One of these policies is transferring trips from private cars to public transportation which requires efficient, reliable transportation. Based on previous studies, the most important performance indicator for public transportation systems is the level of access to such systems. Increasing the level of access to the main public transportation network which will be achieved in the event of implementation of the expected road widening in the city center's detailed plan can increase the use of public transport and consequently use less than personal vehicles. So, though, on the basics of planning sustainable cities, road widening is not a good way to overcome traffic problems but such modifications appear to be necessary in the minimum amount that would allow the design and implementation of a convenient and efficient public transport network. The result of this study proved the above hypothesis. This results reveal the importance of adherence to the results of urban detailed studies, including the development of urban road networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Conceptual Model of Improving the Quality of the Environment in Urban Centers with Emphasizing on Policy of Transportation Demand Management
Mansoureh Fouladi Hamid Majedi Hosein Zabihi Zahra Sadat Saeideh ZarabadiNowadays in Tehran, one of the most important factors that have reduced the environmental quality of the cities historical, cultural, and tourism centers has been the growing number of private cars in the whole city. Especially in the historic city center, where has led MoreNowadays in Tehran, one of the most important factors that have reduced the environmental quality of the cities historical, cultural, and tourism centers has been the growing number of private cars in the whole city. Especially in the historic city center, where has led to increasing problems such as traffic jams and environmental pollution, which reduces the vitality and decrease the quality of the environment in the region and ultimately led to a reduction in tourist attraction to this valuable historical area (which has registered more than 177 valuable cultural-historical heritage as world heritage). Has been hence, the organs affiliated with the city's municipal administration have been implementing various traffic policies in this area to reduce their dependence on personal vehicles. In this research, using the exploratory mixed methods research method, five general dimensions for the environmental quality. Using the confirmatory factor analysis method (CFA analysis method), the effect of the policy was identified Traffic (including two punitive policies: car traffic restrictions, parking, and park management, and two incentive policies: pedestrian development and public transport development) on improving the quality of the five dimensions of transport, socio-cultural, infrastructure-Physical, Environmental and Economic center of Tehran Historical Center. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and 378 people were selected based on the Cochran formula. The questionnaire was distributed in the 12th district of Tehran (according to the historical Tehran (Tehran Safavid). The analysis of the questionnaire was done using Lisrel software. The results showed that it was vital to study five environmental qualities, then transport dimension had the most impact, and the socio-cultural dimension had the least one on the traffic policies applied in the study area. The results also indicate that the development of pedestrian development policy and public transportation development has the most effect on the quality of the public space in the historical center of Tehran. Finally, with the use of two winning traffic policies (pedestrian development policy and public transport development), suggestions have been made to improve vitality and the quality (especially in terms of environmental and socio-cultural dimensions) of the study area is given. The results of the present article are vital because of obtaining through quantitative-qualitative, exploratory research methods, field techniques and libraries, analysis of relevant conceptual models, and the instrumental use of a new social marketing approach in issues related to urban communities. Actually, many of the urban problems and the choice of travel behavioral patterns in Iran are based on the beliefs and unfavorable attitudes of citizens towards the environment around their life and city. Changing these behaviors can provide the grounds for solving traffic problems and reducing intra-city car-based travel, and consequently the realization of improving the environmental quality of urban spaces. As a result, to achieve better success in the proposal and executing the plan and for having metropolitan centers with more vitality, the use of citizen participation policy through the application of social marketing techniques, in implementing the transport demand management policies, confirmed as an optimal alternative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Development Process of Theories Related to Intercity Transportation
Khashayar Kashani Jou Seyed Majid Mofidi ShemiraniTransportation has always been one of the most significant aspects on the urban structure. particularly since the last century after introduction of motor vehicles and population increase, transportation is turned to one of the most critical struggles in the contemporar MoreTransportation has always been one of the most significant aspects on the urban structure. particularly since the last century after introduction of motor vehicles and population increase, transportation is turned to one of the most critical struggles in the contemporary urban life. Also, theoretical approaches to intercity transportation had diverse course of action in different periods. The purpose of this research is to study the course of development theories that are related to the intercity transportation through documentary research. based on existing similarities, different theories have been classified in three periods; from beginning of urbanization until 1910, 1920 to 1970 and after 1980. In the first period, the main theories on development of transportation networks are focused on, in the second, the relation between walking and riding movements and developing of motor vehicles roads is paid attention to, while in the last period, transit oriented development and sustainable transportation are investigated. The results demonstrate that; the main changed attitude is emerged from automobile oriented transportation towards transit networks and developing of the adjacent districts in the last century, and at present the emphasis is on the effect of transportation on quality increase of urban areas and developing pedestrian oriented spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The Role of Road Widenings in Designing of Mass Public Transportation Systems in Mashhad
Houman Shadabmehr mohammad rahim rahnama Mohhamad Ajza Shokouhi Ezatollah MafiToday, transport planning is one of the important aspects of urban planning. In this regard, enhancement of the publictransport systems and guiding the urban travels towards these systems has found a crucial role in traffic improvement,preventing capital waste and reach MoreToday, transport planning is one of the important aspects of urban planning. In this regard, enhancement of the publictransport systems and guiding the urban travels towards these systems has found a crucial role in traffic improvement,preventing capital waste and reaching to the sustainable cities. In Mashhad, two systems, namely Light Rail Transit(LRT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) are defined as the main public transport systems. This research has down withthe aim of effect explain of city detailed design texture streets downtown road widening on the process of publictransport route designing. It should be noted that the mean of widening is not the rampant road widening but it is justroad widening according to approved urban detailed designs. Theoretical foundations of research is theory of urbansustainability. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Research data is obtained from data bank of Mashhadtransportation comprehensive studies by documentary study. The most part of zoning in the city of Mashhad meandivided the city to 253 traffic zones has used in order to increase the accuracy of study. The routes of the main publictransport lines have re-designed using ant colony algorithm. The algorithm objective function includes variables ofpopulation, employment and the surface of trip attractive land uses and the main limitation have been defined aswidth of streets in two case, present situation and widening streets. So, two reform options of mass public transportsystems have been produced. Then, the access index has been measured based on Hansen relation in case of twomentioned alternatives. The research hypothesis testing showed that the access index in case of alternative whichachieved road widening is significantly higher than the other alternative. The research results explain importanceof city detailed design road widening in view point of improving main public transport routes and increase theirefficiency. According to traffic problems of central business districts of mega cities and the consequences of thisinclude air pollution and etc. it is necessary to adopt policies to deal with these problems. One of these policies istransferring trips from private cars to public transportation which requires efficient, reliable transportation. Based onprevious studies, the most important performance indicator for public transportation systems is the level of accessto such systems. Increasing the level of access to the main public transportation network which will be achieved inthe event of implementation of the expected road widening in the city center's detailed plan can increase the use ofpublic transport and consequently use less than personal vehicles. So, though, on the basics of planning sustainablecities, road widening is not a good way to overcome traffic problems but such modifications appear to be necessary inthe minimum amount that would allow the design and implementation of a convenient and efficient public transportnetwork. The result of this study proved the above hypothesis. This results reveal the importance of adherence to theresults of urban detailed studies, including the development of urban road networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Developing a Predictive Model for Metro Trip Satisfaction Level
Mostafa Abbaszadegan Razieh Rezazadeh Maryam Mohammadi Sajad Alipour Eshliki Tehran with over 10,000,000 populations has an inadequate transportation system. One of the solutions to Tehran transportation system’s problem is development of sustainable urban transportation systems such as an underground rail system called metro. More Tehran with over 10,000,000 populations has an inadequate transportation system. One of the solutions to Tehran transportation system’s problem is development of sustainable urban transportation systems such as an underground rail system called metro. Tehran is benefiting of such a system since few years ago and now several lines with many stations are under construction. Despite its partial completion metro is already is accepted as a satisfactory mode of transportation in Tehran. Although some of the effective factors on trip satisfaction is related to speed, scheduling, safety and so forth, in this article a model is proposed in which the trip satisfaction as one of the sustainable urban transportation indices is studied against users' personal characteristics, and investigates the affective independent parameters. Therefore the research hypothesis is to examine the effects of users' personal characteristics on metro trip satisfaction. The aim of this article is to develop an optimum model to predict the metro trip satisfaction level through personal characteristics. Data is gathered through questionnaire survey. Two metro stations in vicinity of two universities of "Sharif" and "Iran Science and Technology" were selected for comparative purposes. 160 questionnaires were distributed equally within the neighborhoods in vicinity of the two metro stations. Also 240 questionnaires were distributed among metro passengers at the stations. Two major dependent variables were measures, "metro trip satisfaction level" and "metro trip satisfaction level in comparison with other transportation means". The independent variables are gender, age, education, occupation, place of work, distance from metro station and finally the reason for using metro. The results show that two variables of "distance from metro station" and "place of work have correlations with both dependent variables. Also "education level has a very high correlation with "metro trip satisfaction level". Considering the type of the data, for nominal data (gender and occupation), chi square, and for rank order data (age groups and education level), Gamma statistics were used for correlation study. The statistical analysis shows that the distance from metro station, place of work, and age are important and affecting the metro trip satisfaction level. While these statistics show the existence of relationship between variables, it does not provide a predictive model for behavior, which is of high importance for planning and design of urban environments. A regression analysis is need to build a predictive model, however due to variation in data which includes nominal as well as ordinal a rank-order regression model is used. This analysis shows that there is a much higher potential for selecting metro as a transportation mode for lower educated users than for higher educated ones. Also it shows that an increase in age would contribute to possibility of using metro as a satisfying means of transportation. Also the analysis shows that the lower distance to metro stations, would increase trip satisfaction level with metro. There are planning implications for these results including that in proximity to metro stations, job locations must concentrate, while sport and cultural facilities with younger users could be located further away. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Planning for Urmia City toward Reducing Consequences of Urmia Lake’s Drying
Elgar Kamjou Hassanali LaghaiNearly most of the cities in developing countries are somehow suffering from environmental problems. While such cities are confronting rapid population growth and urban sprawl, environmental disasters like air and water pollution, drying lakes, droughts, etc. are challe MoreNearly most of the cities in developing countries are somehow suffering from environmental problems. While such cities are confronting rapid population growth and urban sprawl, environmental disasters like air and water pollution, drying lakes, droughts, etc. are challenging the future of these cities. Urmia city in Northwest of Iran, located near an invaluable natural park (Urmia Lake) is not an exception. The problem is that Urmia Lake in recent years is experiencing a rapid process of drying, mainly because of infrastructure development in it, dams on rivers, drought and inefficient water resources management. It is obvious that Urmia City which has been relied on the lake throughout its history currently is environmentally in danger, especially because of salty dusts dispersion. So Urmia lakes crises made Urmia city as one of the risky centers. In addition, deteriorating environmental conditions at inside and proximate area of the city increases vulnerability of it. This research is seeking for planning strategies to overcome this issue and decrease its consequences. But past experiences show that decreasing these consequences are not possible only by planning strategies and design in cities. For this purpose, a deeper approach is needed; an approach that considers all aspects of city and environment and the people living in it. One of the new approaches in urban planning to improve the interaction between urban and environment, is Eco-City approach. Basis of Eco-city is development and rehabilitation in a manner of consistent with the nature and culture. Eco-city seeks for strategies to overcome environmental crises through cultural ideas. Thus, this approach focuses on human environmental structure (city) and his lifestyle. In order to construct an analytical framework for the research, the Idea of Eco-city was based on two main concepts; 1) Urban Living System, and 2) efficient transportation. To investigate the Urmia City relating documents were researched and some field studies were done. Through these studies, environmental, historical and cultural spots in all over Urmia city were listed. Afterward, to identify the nodes out of spots, a questionnaire was used and some data bases were explored. In this case (Eco-city of Urmia) Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for data analysis. Results shows that, Urmia city has physical, cultural and environmental potentials for making changes in resident’s life style toward better coordinate with nature. At the end, relying on this potentials strategic plan to improve environment in Urmia has been provided. This plan mainly includes improving the ecological network in the city and linkages between green areas and water streams, reinforcing the link between cultural and environmental nodes and population centers, planning an efficient public transportation system according to identified network. This research concludes that in order to better plan the cities to overcome environmental problems, it is necessary to integrate the nature and culture of the cities. It is a need to ease people’s participation and help them to plan their cities themselves. In this way there is more hope that cities can resist in front of ecological disasters and environmental crises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Investigation and comparison of anthropometric indices, dietary habits, knowledge, attitude, and practice of sports club’s members of sports supplements consumption in five regions of Tehran
Azadeh Jalilian Fard Abolghassem Djazayery Ariyo Movahedi Seyyed Ali Keshavarz -
Open Access Article
50 - desingning streming model in sports media: a foundational data model
golnaz rezaei reza saboonchi majid soleymaniThe aim of the current research was to design a streaming model in sports media with a foundational data approach.The research method was qualitative and of the foundation data type with the approach of Strauss and Corbin.The statistical population included media specia MoreThe aim of the current research was to design a streaming model in sports media with a foundational data approach.The research method was qualitative and of the foundation data type with the approach of Strauss and Corbin.The statistical population included media specialists with university teaching experience or sports and media activists, sports promotion specialists in the media and familiar with it, sports experts and officials, sports program makers, policy makers and sports consultants of the Broadcasting Organization. In this research, based on the theoretical saturation index, 16 people were selected as a sample. The measurement tool was an open interview and was analyzed with Maxqda software Based on the data analysis, 86 primary concepts(open codes),19 central codes and 5 selective codes of causal factors (management factors, organization of flow, human factors), contextual factors (scientific infrastructure, necessary platforms) in streaming, facilities and technical equipment),intervening factors (cultural factors, internal organizational factors, environmental factors), strategic factors (specialization, effective educational factors, news aspects, determining important priorities in sports streaming, And the consequences (institutionalization of sports, expression of complete news in the field of sports streaming, investigation of desired news in the field of sports, development and stimulation of awareness about news in the field of sports, empowerment in media consumption in the field of sports streaming) were identified. In the end, it can be said that the framework can improve the situation of the society's media channels to the sports media and that the acceptance of the sports media will increase in all areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Identifying and enhancing the distinctive consumption patterns of women in the sports goods industry
zahra barzegaryazdi nima majedi mehdi naderi nasabThe purpose of the current research was to identify and expand the effective factors on women's consumption patterns in the field of sports goods. The research method was mixed in terms of data collection, which was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population o MoreThe purpose of the current research was to identify and expand the effective factors on women's consumption patterns in the field of sports goods. The research method was mixed in terms of data collection, which was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population of the research included experts and specialists in the fields of management, marketing and sports management, doctoral students in the field of sports marketing and women who are provided with sports services. A sufficient number of statistical samples were selected in the qualitative part based on theoretical saturation (16 people and 28 documents) and in the quantitative part they were selected using the available targeted method (360 people). Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test (0.91) and composite reliability. Qualitative part analysis was done with Maxqda software, and quantitative part analysis was done with Smart PLS3 structural equation model software. The findings of the research showed that the conceptual framework of the current research included five parts of environmental factors, consumption prerequisites, society values and norms, demographic characteristics of reference groups, and improving the consumption of sports goods. Also, the values and norms have been examined from the two perspectives of society's values and consumption culture. In the quantitative part, it was found that most of the paths of relationships between the research components (except for the path of environmental factors -> improvement of consumption of sports goods) as well as the items with each of their factors are greater than 1.96 and significant, this significance indicates the correct prediction of the relationships. It is a research model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Identifying national strategies that have an impact on the development of environmental culture in sports organizations
Seyed Farzad Mirhosseini Seyyed Mustafa Tayibi Thani حیدر لطفی افسانه روحانیThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of environmental culture development in sports organizations. The research method is descriptive-analytical and considered applied research. The Delphi method was used in the qualitative research to identify the fa MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of environmental culture development in sports organizations. The research method is descriptive-analytical and considered applied research. The Delphi method was used in the qualitative research to identify the factors affecting the development of environmental culture in organizations and to develop a questionnaire for the quantitative section. In the quantitative section, the results of the Delphi method were used to design a questionnaire to examine the level of development and implementation of environmental culture in the statistical population. The qualitative statistical population included all environmental culture specialists in organizational settings, where 20 people from 6 organizations were selected using snowball sampling. In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of employees of sports organizations, professors, and PhD and Master's students in sports management at the Islamic Azad University. Based on random sampling and the Kargar-Jessy and Morgan table, 297 people out of the statistical population (1300 people) were selected as the study sample. The research findings in the qualitative section identified 43 effective variables in the development of organizational environmental culture, which in exploratory factor analysis were classified into six main factors, explaining 65.34% of the total variance. The results also showed that all of these factors are effective in the development of environmental culture. Finally, suggestions were made for further development of these factors in the direction of environmental culture development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Designing a model of restrictions on engaging in leisure activities with an emphasis on physical activity
farzam farzan حسن کشاورزThe current research was conducted with the aim of determining the indicators of leisure time limitations with an emphasis on physical activity and presenting a desirable qualitative model. The research method is qualitative. The study population of this research was ma MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of determining the indicators of leisure time limitations with an emphasis on physical activity and presenting a desirable qualitative model. The research method is qualitative. The study population of this research was made up of the staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the heads of sports federations related to public sports. The snowball sampling method continued until theoretical saturation (17 interviews) was reached. The qualitative data analysis process was carried out based on Strauss and Corbin's systematic model in three stages: primary coding, central coding and selective coding. At the end of the three stages of coding, the layers of the final research model were presented individually and schematically, and finally, the final research model was presented by combining these layers. Based on the results, 100 concepts (codes) were extracted from the interviews, which were included in the subset of 21 components and finally formed the sub-branches of the foundation's data model with the Strauss and Corbin approach. The results showed that the model is influenced by various factors. Therefore, when the mechanism of the effect of these factors is correctly identified and diagnosed, we can witness the reduction of restrictions on active sports leisure activities and the increase of participation in active sports leisure activities and the facilitation of negotiations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Developing an Interpretive Structural Model for the Development of Women's Volleyball in Iran With Qualitative and Qualitative Analysis Approach
Maryam Sarmast Mohammad pourkiani Jamshid SayarnejadWomen's volleyball has many shortcomings compared to international standards. The purpose of this study was making an interpretive structural model for the development of women's volleyball in Iran. The mixed method was used, including interviews and Charms approach wer MoreWomen's volleyball has many shortcomings compared to international standards. The purpose of this study was making an interpretive structural model for the development of women's volleyball in Iran. The mixed method was used, including interviews and Charms approach were used in the qualitative part, and interpretive structural analysis was used in the quantitative part. The participants included sports management experts, faculty members and volleyball experts. For semi-structured interviews, it was tried to use both people with academic education (members of the faculty of sports management, sociology, economics and educational sciences) and people with management experience in sports organizations and volleyball coaches and athletes. With the snowball sampling, 15 people in different areas were selected for interview. Coding was done using the Charms three-stage method and finally 7 selective components on the development of women's volleyball were identified which include removing organizational barriers, empowering human resources, environmental and hardware development, removing social barriers, development cultural, formulation of development strategies and sustainable development of women's volleyball. According to the findings, it can be said that the development of women's volleyball is more dependent on the implementation and implementation of extensive research projects, the adoption of equality policies in the allocation of funds and the employment of female managers, as well as basic training at the educational levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigating the safety management of sports venues in sports events in Zanjan schools
parisa karimi Mehriye Panahi sajad hosseiniThe purpose of this article is to investigate the safety management of sports venues in sports events in schools of Zanjan province in 1401. This article is one of the applied researches in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data processing metho MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the safety management of sports venues in sports events in schools of Zanjan province in 1401. This article is one of the applied researches in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data processing methods. The field method is to use a questionnaire. that the statistical population of Zanjan province's physical training schools; Their number is 750 male and female students. The community studied in this research are girls, whose number is 340. In order to determine the sample based on simple classification sampling and using Morgan's table, 181 people (girls) were selected as a sample. In order to analyze the data, Friedman's rank test and correlation coefficient were used using spss software version 18. Findings: Data reliability was reported based on Cronbach's alpha 0912. The normality of the data was confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Friedman's test was significant at the 0.01 level (P<0.01). The dimension of management with the highest rank 1, health with rank 2, legal and ethical requirements with rank 3, design with rank 4, respectively, showed the highest average rating of the effect on the safety of sports facilities. The results of correlation analysis: safety and security with health had the highest correlation of 0.933, then the ethical and legal requirements of design and management with safety were 0.814/0.863 and 0.684 respectively. Conclusion In order to have great heroes, we must pay special attention to design, hygiene, ethical and legal requirements and proper management. By creating a hosting position, it made a positive step in raising the healthy culture of competition and hospitality, and the facilities and content of the subsequent events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Evaluation of the level of familiarity with sports law among physical education teachers in the west of Fars province
ahmad torkrar rahim shirazinejad saeedeh zabihi seyd gholamreza shojaee kambiz ayoubzadehThe current research was designed and implemented with the aim of the level of familiarity with sports law among physical education teachers in the west of Fars province. In terms of its practical purpose and in terms of the descriptive data collection method, this rese MoreThe current research was designed and implemented with the aim of the level of familiarity with sports law among physical education teachers in the west of Fars province. In terms of its practical purpose and in terms of the descriptive data collection method, this research is of the type of analytical studies, the data collection of which was carried out in the field. The statistical population of the qualitative section included all the elites who are aware of the research topic, and based on the purposeful sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation, 14 people were selected as the research sample; And in the quantitative part, the statistical population of the research includes all physical education teachers in the west of Fars province, whose number is 320 according to the obtained statistics, which was determined based on Morgan's sample size table and the random selection of 175 people as the research sample. The tool for collecting the present research is a researcher-made questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha statistical methods were used to calculate reliability coefficients and Smironov's Klomogrov for normality of data, exploratory factor analysis, correlation coefficient and one-group t-test to test hypotheses. Statistical operations were performed using spss software version 26. The results of the research showed that among the 39 components identified, four factors: standards of equipment and places (0.689), responsibilities of the manager and administration expertise (0.701), rules and regulations (0.598) and education (0.756) with the components of familiarity with sports law among teachers There is a significant relationship with physical education. As a result, it can be said that if teachers and trainers perform their duties normally, they will not have any responsibility for accidents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The relationship between Social Capital and Intellectual Capital with Sports Participation in Girl Students
omid safari gholamreza safari mahnaz shojaiyanSocial capital and Intellectual Capital are considered as one of the environmental determinants of the level of social cohesion and community health. Exercise has been considered by many scholars and researchers as one of the social concepts and with regard to its speci MoreSocial capital and Intellectual Capital are considered as one of the environmental determinants of the level of social cohesion and community health. Exercise has been considered by many scholars and researchers as one of the social concepts and with regard to its specific functions in different fields. The purpose of this study was to the relationship between Social Capital and Intellectual Capital with Sports Participation in Girl Students of Mamasani City (Secondary and Secondary Schools), in the academic year of 2017-2018. The nature of this research is descriptive survey research. Data collection was based on library and field studies. The data collection tool included the standard sports participation questionnaire Parsamher and Etal (2011), standard Intellectual Capital Bontis(2002) and the standard social capital questionnaire Nahapit and Ghasal (1998). The statistical population of the study consisted of all Boy high school students (first and second high school students) in Mamasani city, which is about 3491 Boy. Among them, 341 samples were randomly selected. The results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and Intellectual Capital with sport participation among high school Girl students in Mamasani. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigating the Relationship between Internal Organizational Factors and Political Behavior, Emphasizing the Moderating Role of Political Skill in the Ministry of Sports and Federations
robab mokhtariThe purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between internal organizational factors and political behavior, emphasizing the moderating role of political skill in the Ministry of Sports and Federations, and presenting a model. The research population was MoreThe purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between internal organizational factors and political behavior, emphasizing the moderating role of political skill in the Ministry of Sports and Federations, and presenting a model. The research population was the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and federations, from which 705 people (433 men, 272 women) were selected by stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was used to measure the studied variables. The evaluation of the proposed model was done through structural equation modeling (SEM) and using SPSS and PLS software. The findings showed that the proposed model has a good fit with the data. The theoretical explanation of the final model showed that internal organizational factors create perceptions of politics in the organization, which provide the foundations for the formation of political behavior, and political skill plays a moderating role in the relationship between internal organizational factors and political behavior. they do According to the findings of the research on the effect of internal organizational factors on political behavior, political skill was not confirmed on political behavior. According to the obtained results, it is better for the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the federations to pay special attention to the variables of internal organizational factors, perceptions of politics, and political skills in order to create effective political behaviors in improving the organization's efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigating the development of sports tourism based on indigenous and local sports in Semnan province
elahe damavandi sahar Taheri Hashjin Hossein Poursoltani ZarandiPurpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the development of sports tourism based on indigenous and local sports in Semnan province.Research method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type. The statistical population MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the development of sports tourism based on indigenous and local sports in Semnan province.Research method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type. The statistical population was all the sports experts of the Ministry of Sports and the selected youths, the heads of the selected sports teams, sports management professors and experts in the field of sports tourism, experts of the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization and an unknown number. The non-random sampling method was available. The statistical sample size was considered to be 384 people using Cochran's formula and alpha 0.05. Data collection was done with a researcher-made questionnaire that included 4 components and 25 items, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. For data analysis, Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to check the normality of data distribution, prioritization of variables using Friedman test and confirmatory factor analysis of variables using structural equation modeling.For data analysis, structural equation modeling was used by partial least squares method with the help of SPSS and PLS Smart statistical software.Findings: The validity analysis of model divergence, the square root of variance of optimal structures, social factor, infrastructural factor, cultural factor, managerial factor, was calculated and to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, the value of Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability are above 0.7 and two criteria (coefficient Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability coefficient) were used.Conclusion: The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between the priorities of factors affecting the tourism development of Semnan province. Based on this, the priority of factors affecting the tourism development of Semnan province included management factor (2.86), cultural factor (2.78), infrastructural factor (2.77) and social factor (1.60). The research model was appropriate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The effect of customer participation in product design on business performance (case study: Majid brand sports products)
Khalil Deris Narges Ebrahimi Soheila Zarinjoy alvarObjectivesThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of customer participation in product design on business performance in Majid brand sports products. MethodologyThe present research method is a combination of library and survey method. In terms of prac MoreObjectivesThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of customer participation in product design on business performance in Majid brand sports products. MethodologyThe present research method is a combination of library and survey method. In terms of practical purpose, it is cross-sectional in terms of time, quantitative in terms of nature and strategy, and survey in terms of implementation process. The statistical population of this research includes the customers of Majid brand sports products, and because of their unlimited number, a simple random sampling method was used and the number of sample members was 384. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The normality of the research variables was checked with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, and descriptive statistics methods were used to describe the data, and inferential statistics and structural equation modeling were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings indicate the confirmation of the main hypothesis and five sub-hypotheses proposed in this research, and the values obtained from the critical ratio for all hypotheses are greater than the value of 2.58, which shows that the hypotheses are significant at the 1% error level.ConclusionsThe results showed customer participation in product design through components such as; Generous participation, fair participation, truthful participation, trusting participation, and aspirational participation affect business performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Consequences of the development of exercise therapy: an approach towards community health promotion
Zahra Rouhani Hassan Fahim Devin mohamadreza Ismailzadeh KandahariThe purpose of this research is to determine the consequences of the development of exercise therapy in order to improve community health. This qualitative study conducted using the Foundation's data method and using in-depth interviews with elites and experts in the fi MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the consequences of the development of exercise therapy in order to improve community health. This qualitative study conducted using the Foundation's data method and using in-depth interviews with elites and experts in the field. The interviews were continued in a purposeful manner and snowball until the theoretical saturation was reached. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the foundation data method and through three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The findings were categorized to infrastructural, cultural, social, political, economic and health development; and in health development category, included individual and community health, items were decrease in mortality, pain elimination, diseases reduction, getting fit, improving the level of physical health, increasing the level of mobility and activity, gaining a feeling of happiness, strengthening vitality, modulating energy and excitement, staying away from everyday life and improving the level of mental health, increasing the age of death, reducing referring to hospitals, improving the level of vitality and social growth, increasing life expectancy, reducing stress and anxiety were identified. Based on the findings of the research, the development of exercise therapy can be very effective and helpful in individual and community health improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Investigating the effect of paying attention to the digital space on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of brand interest and willingness to buy
Soheila Zarinjoy alvar Donya BaviPurpose: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of paying attention to the digital space on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of interest in the brand and willingness to buy (case study of Araz sports products). Methodology: In MorePurpose: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of paying attention to the digital space on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of interest in the brand and willingness to buy (case study of Araz sports products). Methodology: In terms of the purpose of this research, it is an applied research, and in terms of the method of data collection, it is a survey research and in terms of time, and since the researcher investigates the effect of the independent variable on the dependent, therefore this The nature of the research is causal-descriptive research. The data collection method is also field. The population of this research includes the consumers of Araz brand sports products in Abadan city, and due to the unlimited population, we used Cochran's formula to calculate the number of sample members. Based on this, the number of the examined sample was 384 people (questionnaire) and we used the online distribution of the Kim (2020) questionnaire to collect data. For the reliability of the questionnaire, we used Cronbach's alpha coefficient and for its validity, we used the analytical factor verification method. The results of the research hypotheses have been tested using Lisrel software. Findings: The results showed that paying attention to the digital space has an effect on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of brand interest and willingness to buy. Also, sports brands, including Iranian brands, need to install digital devices in stores to create a digital space to speed up the decision-making process of consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Identifying and prioritizing the functions of the generation gap in the development of public sports in the country using the TOPSIS model
Amir MahianJaghargh shahryar Kharazian Ehsan Asadollahi meysam rezaeiThe purpose of the current research was to identify and prioritize the functions of the generation gap in the development of public sports in the country using the TOPSIS model. This research was applied in terms of purpose, which was done in a mixed way. The statistica MoreThe purpose of the current research was to identify and prioritize the functions of the generation gap in the development of public sports in the country using the TOPSIS model. This research was applied in terms of purpose, which was done in a mixed way. The statistical population included professors of sports science and sports management, experts in the field of public sports, experts in the field of sociology and sociology of sports, and sports managers of organizations in charge of sports such as municipalities, the Federation of Public and Recreational Sports, and the Federation of Student Sports, which with 14 People were interviewed and 384 questionnaires were distributed and collected in the quantitative section. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part was thematic analysis and in the quantitative part structural equation modeling and TOPSIS model. The findings show that the functions of the generational gap in public sports are placed in two main themes (generational and sports functions) and 6 sub-themes, and the results of the research model show that the conceptual model of the research has a good fit. Finally, the findings of the TOPSIS model showed that generational changes are the first priority among the functions of the intergenerational gap in public sports, followed by cultural changes and sports changes. Communication was also the last priority of the respondents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Identify and analyze the factors affecting the institutionalization of sport culture in children and adolescents
omid safari gholamreza safari mohamad niknam sogra azadifar fatemeh ghafariThe present study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the institutionalization of the culture of exercise in children and adolescents from the viewpoint of physical education teachers in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. The method of this descriptive survey MoreThe present study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the institutionalization of the culture of exercise in children and adolescents from the viewpoint of physical education teachers in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. The method of this descriptive survey is survey. The population of this study is about 480 students of all physical education colleges in the province. A sample of 200 physical education teachers from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad was considered. Based on the results of Pearson correlation coefficient test, there is a meaningful relationship between the factors of family, social and cultural factors on the institutionalization of exercise culture in children and adolescents because the level of significance is 03%. That hypothesis is approved with 97% confidence. Also, family activities and peer groups affect the institutionalization of culture of sport in children and adolescents from the teachers' point of view of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. The activities of governmental institutions (sports organizations, schools and media) on the institutionalization of culture of sport in children and adolescents have affected teachers from the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The joint activities of the public and private sectors on the institutionalization of the culture of exercise in children and adolescents are influential from teachers' point of view of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. Facilitating activities on the institutionalization of sport culture in children and adolescents in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad there is a positive and significant effect. Therefore, it is appropriate to identify the factors affecting the institutionalization of sports culture and to emphasize these factors in order to promote children's sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigating the role of attitude and co-creation in the effect of dimensions of customer experience records on the intention to repurchase from an online store (case study: sports products)
Donya Bavi Gholamreza Kenar kordiObjectivesMethodologyFindingConclusionsObjectivesMethodologyFindingConclusions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Examining the reasons for the weakness of professional ethics in the communication of the football federation at the international level
mozafar yektayar mostafa mostafapour mozhgan khodamoradpour meysam allahmoradiThere are many problems in sports communication at the international level for the sports federations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the reasons for which should be considered in the lack of proper communication between the federations and the Asian and global authori MoreThere are many problems in sports communication at the international level for the sports federations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the reasons for which should be considered in the lack of proper communication between the federations and the Asian and global authorities. In this research, the investigation of the reasons for the weakness of professional ethics in the communication of the football federation at the international level has been put on the agenda, and for this purpose, the analysis of the international relations of the football federation has been done. Undoubtedly, managerial weaknesses are one of the most important factors in not having a seat in the international football federation, especially the Asian Football Confederation. In this research, which was conducted in the form of a fuzzy Delphi, the opinion of the officials and experts of the football federation was analyzed in the field of strategies for obtaining seats. In general, it was found that communication with prominent people in international football, proper relations with the Asian Confederation and getting national and club hosting are the right ways to gain and maintain a powerful seat in the Asian Football Confederation.. . . .. . . . . . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Analysis of factors affecting the acceptance of smart technologies in the sportswear industry (case study: sports equipment stores in Tehran)
keyvan MolanorouziThe present research was conThe present research was con Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Identifying the drivers of the development of professional sports in Iraq
mohammed obays carnvl almamoori ghasem rahimi sereshbaderani ali atiyah dakheel nazari rasoolThis research was conducted with the aim of identifying the drivers of the development of professional sports in Iraq. According to the nature of the subject and research objectives, the current research is qualitative and based on the theory derived from the data. To c MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of identifying the drivers of the development of professional sports in Iraq. According to the nature of the subject and research objectives, the current research is qualitative and based on the theory derived from the data. To collect research data, 25 in-depth and semi-structured interviews with experts and managers of Iraqi sports organizations were used. The participants in the research were selected by purposeful and theoretical sampling. Analysis of the data from the interviews emerged during three stages of open, central and selective coding. Based on the results of core coding and common concepts between open codes, 10 cores are named as support for professional athletes, training facilities and training equipment, training and promotion of coaching, national and international competitions, scientific research and innovation, media and culture, financial support, The approach of integrating development policy, participants in sports and cultivating talents and elitism was identified in the matter of identifying the drivers of the development of professional sports in Iraq; Therefore, it is suggested; By institutionalizing the process of meritocracy and stability of management in attracting, employing and retaining professional sports managers, especially in clubs, focusing on empowering managers, especially in the women's sector, by improving strategic thinking and systemic attitude in the development of professional sports in Iraq. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Obstacles facing women in holding the post of head of sports federations of Iran
jamal shayegan FARIBA MOHAMMADIAN zahra nobakht ramazaniThis research was done with the aim of identifying the obstacles faced by women in holding the post of president of Iranian sports federations. In terms of the method of data collection, the current research was a mixed and applied type of research. The statistical popu MoreThis research was done with the aim of identifying the obstacles faced by women in holding the post of president of Iranian sports federations. In terms of the method of data collection, the current research was a mixed and applied type of research. The statistical population included all female managers of the Ministry of Sports, the National Olympic Committee, sports federations, and female transnational champions (214 people), who were identified by interviewing 32 experts using the theoretical saturation method of existing challenges. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part of the Max Kiuda method and the interpretive structural qualitative model. The results of the research showed that the challenges faced by women in holding the post of president of sports federations of Iran, the lack of promotion of women in the job position due to organizational stereotypes and prejudices and the state of the power structure and male political roles in the body of sports and government have been mentioned the most. And women are considered to be more involved in the organizational factor and the succession factors, economic, family, cultural, personal, political, attitudinal and finally social factors have been identified as the next challenges respectively. According to the results of the research, organizational obstacles and succession are involved in holding the position of president for women, women should believe in their abilities and show sensitivity to their issues and try to raise their demands in sports organizations for holding managerial positions through law and logic. and follow up Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Identifying the themes of coaching health-oriented sports (Case study: corrective exercises coaches)
Arezoo Mansoori Alireza Azmani Nukaabadi Saied RostamiCorrective exercises coaches are responsible for providing exercise and health related services to a wide variety of client groups. The current research was carried out with the aim of identifying the themes of coaching corrective movements using the phenomenological ap MoreCorrective exercises coaches are responsible for providing exercise and health related services to a wide variety of client groups. The current research was carried out with the aim of identifying the themes of coaching corrective movements using the phenomenological approach. The research community were experts and trainers of corrective movements. The participants were selected in a purposeful and snowball way. Eleven interviews were conducted, theoretical saturation was achieved in the ninth interview, but two more interviews were also conducted. The data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Three overarching themes including intra-individual, inter-individual and environmental were determined. The intra-individual theme included coach's characteristics (personal, psychological, moral), coaching knowledge (sports science, exercise and health science, practical) and the desire to grow and excel (continuous learning, internship, having a research spirit). The interpersonal theme included social relations (with athletes, families and colleagues), coaching skills (technical-educational, human-communication, perceptive-leadership) and management (planning, organizing and evaluating). The environmental theme included training situation (increasing physical capabilities, improving physical condition, improving mental health), role playing (model, specialization, consultant) and environmental conditions (students, sports goal, sports environment). In order to be able to fulfill their mission in the development of community health, the trainers of corrective movements should pay attention to the interpersonal and environmental components of coaching in this field in addition to the individual components and improve themselves so that they can provide more effective services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Identifying and validating effective strategies on the governance system in veterans' sports
mohmmad ali baigi tayebeh zargar bahram ghadimi akbar afarinesh khakiThe purpose of the current research was to identify and validate the effective strategies on the governance system in veterans' sports. The research method was mixed in terms of data collection, which was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population in the quali MoreThe purpose of the current research was to identify and validate the effective strategies on the governance system in veterans' sports. The research method was mixed in terms of data collection, which was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population in the qualitative part were experts in sports management, sports sociology, coaches and veteran athletes, and sports managers of the Federation of Veterans and Disabled. Field of study and having scientific publications related to the subject, having managerial positions and executive experience in the field of sports management and experts in the field of sports were among the selection indicators of the initial list of experts. The sampling method was used as non-probability sampling, with targeted selection and with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size in this research was equal to 16 people based on the theoretical saturation index, also in the quantitative part, the directors of the federation and sports boards, the employees of the federation experts and the athletes of the federation were veterans, which were equal to 360 people. The research tool included semi-structured interviews and a structured researcher questionnaire, which was designed according to the codes extracted in the qualitative part. Qualitative part analysis was done with Maxqda software, and quantitative part analysis was done with AMOS structural equation model software. The results related to effective strategies on the governance system in veterans' sports have been shown, which include 4 concepts and 24 final codes that have been identified and approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Effects of Brand Equity on Perceived Value and the Repurchase Intention in Majid Brand Sports Goods Customers
Mahboub Sheikhalizadeh Parisa AnguriObjectives: Brand as the most valuable intangible asset of any company has a vital role in its success and efficient communication with customers because of its excellent benefits. So the creation and maintenance of appropriate situati MoreObjectives: Brand as the most valuable intangible asset of any company has a vital role in its success and efficient communication with customers because of its excellent benefits. So the creation and maintenance of appropriate situations in customers’ minds to affect their decision-making and purchase intention is one of the companies’ goals and priorities. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of brand equity on perceived value and the repurchase intention among Majid Brand sports goods customers in Tabriz City. Methodology: The current study, due to the nature and content of the work is descriptive - survey type. 366 of Majid Sports goods customers voluntarily filled out the Yoo and Donthu brand equity questionnaire (2001), the Eggert and Ulaga perceived value questionnaire (2000), and the Park et al (2008) repurchase intention questionnaire. for data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The results showed that brand equity has a significant positive effect on perceived value (β = 0.86, t=11.01), and the repurchase intention (β = 0.66, t=6.37) among customers of Majid Sport goods. In conclusion, the results showed that the theoretical model is supported by obtained sample data and so, the specified model has a good fit (RMSEA = 0.047 and χ2/df = 1.75) with this research data. Conclusions: It can be said that the manufacturers of sports products can increase the intention to repay due to prioritization of the brand and the creation of brand awareness and self-confidence in customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The establishment of sports rights federation is the necessity of today's sports community
mohammadreza akhgar mohammad Nikravan Keivan Shabani moghadam Ezzatullah Shah mansuriReview:Considering the expansion and professionalization of sports activities as well as the access of the country's sports to international arenas and the legal imperialism of the CAC Court, which has accelerated all aspects of sports; It is necessary to protect the ri MoreReview:Considering the expansion and professionalization of sports activities as well as the access of the country's sports to international arenas and the legal imperialism of the CAC Court, which has accelerated all aspects of sports; It is necessary to protect the rights of the sports family at the national and international levels; As the Medical Federation provides medical services to athletes; An independent federation can support athletes by providing legal services in the field of sports activities inside and outside the country.Due to the legal problems surrounding the country's sports, which unfortunately oftenlead to the condemnation of individuals, teams and sports federations at the international level, and generally lead to excessive costs on athletes, coaches, managers and sports federations, and this is a threat. It has become a great sport for the country and its media coverage and fringes have provided the ground for despair and hopelessness among athletes and managers.It seems that this important thing will be achieved with the establishment of the Sports Law Federation; The Legal Federation will definitely plan and implement international sports laws and general laws of the country to identify crimes and violations and then provide preventive solutions such as holding training courses, explaining the rules, preventing violations, corruption in sports, etc. to develop a scientific culture in management Crime prevention and accident reduction.As the results of the present study introduce this important "necessity of establishing a sports law federation" as an effective and efficient institution is a necessity of today's sports community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The effect of open innovation on brand authenticity of football clubs through the mediation of brand image
amir derakhshan mehdi kohandel Hossein Abdulmalek said namat khalifehThe purpose of this study was the effect of open innovation and social media marketing on brand authenticity of football clubs with the mediation of value creation and brand image. Descriptive-correlation research method was applied research and was done using structura MoreThe purpose of this study was the effect of open innovation and social media marketing on brand authenticity of football clubs with the mediation of value creation and brand image. Descriptive-correlation research method was applied research and was done using structural equation method. The statistical population consisted of fans of football clubs in the active leagues of the country. In order to collect the necessary information from the open innovation questionnaires of Peter et al. the social network marketing questionnaire of Kim et al. (2017), the brand authenticity questionnaire. Kadiro (2010) Zinodin et al.'s value creation questionnaire (2012) (α=0.89) and Ulrich's mental image questionnaire (2009) were used. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 428 questionnaires were analyzed. In order to analyze the data, descriptive methods and structural equation models and post hoc analyzes were used using Spss and Lisrel software. The findings showed that the model of the impact of open innovation and social media marketing on the brand authenticity of football clubs with the mediation of value creation and brand mental image has a good fit and is meaningful. As a result, it can be said that open innovation and social media marketing have a significant effect on the originality of the brand of football clubs and can contribute to the value creation and mental image of the brand, and therefore it is necessary for football clubs to pay attention to maintaining their unique and distinct identity from other clubs. and formulate an executive plan for this purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Identifying the components and indicators of entrepreneurship development through sports in technical and vocational universities of the country
Ali Hasanzadeh Mohamad Porranjbar Mohamad Porranjbar Mohsen Manochehri NegadThe purpose of this study is Analysis of entrepreneurship development indicators of physical education students of technical and vocational universities. The present research is exploratory research in nature and hybrid in terms of approach. In the qualitative part of t MoreThe purpose of this study is Analysis of entrepreneurship development indicators of physical education students of technical and vocational universities. The present research is exploratory research in nature and hybrid in terms of approach. In the qualitative part of the research, using the Delphi method, 30 opinions of experts, managers, experts and experts in the field of entrepreneurship, organizational experts and sports managers, who deal with this matter, have been used, and finally led to the extraction and identification of variables. The variables have been identified using the Delphi method, and finally the model has been validated using smart.pls software. Based on the research literature and expert opinions of experts, a total of 55 factors have been identified. The fuzzy Delphi approach was used to screen the indicators and identify the final indicators, and 48 indicators were extracted in the first round, 44 indicators in the second round and 39 indicators in the third round. The identified factors are identified in four dimensions, managerial dimension, business dimension, specialized dimension and environmental dimension, which are in the order of first to fourth ranks. Utilizing entrepreneurial capacities in sports at the Technical and Vocational University can solve many problems, including the unemployment of physical education graduates of this university. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Analysis of factors affecting the improvement of the competitive power of sports production companies
amirreza shirvani Hassan Fahim Devin Hossein Peymanizad Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh GhandehariCompetitiveness is one of the key success indicators of manufacturing companies. The purpose of the current research was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the improvement of the competitive power of sports product manufacturing companies. The current researc MoreCompetitiveness is one of the key success indicators of manufacturing companies. The purpose of the current research was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the improvement of the competitive power of sports product manufacturing companies. The current research was applied research in terms of purpose, mixed type in terms of data search, and exploratory in terms of data analysis method. The statistical population of the research was professors of sports management, owners of companies producing sports products, experts in the field of export and import of sports products, specialists in the field of sports marketing and managers of companies producing sports products. First, the identification of internal and external strategic indicators effective on improving the competitive power of the country's sports product manufacturing companies was done using the data theory of the foundation and Glazer's approach, and in the next step, the factors were prioritized using the Dimtel-Fuzzy method. The sampling method was purposeful in both qualitative and quantitative sections. The findings of the research showed that the effective factors on improving the competitive power of sports production companies were placed in two categories of internal and external indicators. Also, the findings of the Dmitel Fazi test showed that, in order of priority, 5 concepts of legal and protective factors, structure and management, market control, supply and design, and commercial and international issues as effective factors and 4 concepts of customer and consumer factors, marketing, Product improvement and service improvement were classified as effective factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Identify the behavioral factors involving in increasing students’ participation in recreational sport activities at the university Islamic Azad
Hadi AbdollahifarFinding the appropriate solutions for attracting students in active participating in recreational sports and to ensure their health needs a good command in knowing the effective factors in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors invo MoreFinding the appropriate solutions for attracting students in active participating in recreational sports and to ensure their health needs a good command in knowing the effective factors in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors involving in increasing students’ participation in recreational sport activities at the university. This research has an applied orientation and is a mixed research as it is qualitative, exploratory and quantitative, survey research.The statistical population of the qualitative section consisted of managers and faculty members related to the research subject, 22 of whom were selected by purposive quota sampling method. The statistical population of the quantitative section was the educational managers of the Azad University units including 381 persons. According to the condition of sufficient sample size for factor analysis, 200 were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection method is the quantitative section, Libraries and semi – structured interviewed based on saturation in data collection, and at the quantitative stage a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was performed to confirm the questionnaire by experts. Delphi method was used for qualitative analysis of research variables and factorial analysis and confirmatory factorial analysis then the goodness of fit indices and Freedman was used in SPSS and LISREL soft wares. The results depicted that behavioral factors influencing students' participation in university leisure activities can be classified into three structural, interactive (interpersonal) and individual components. These results can help the officials formulate sports university strategies and policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Designing the outsourcing model of marketing activities of sports clubs
Morad Heidari Mohammad Nikravan Yadollah Abbaszadeh Sohron Hojjatollah Taheri RouzbahaniToday, outsourcing is known as one of the effective strategies in the business world. The purpose of this research is to design the outsourcing model of marketing activities of sports clubs. The research community in the qualitative section includes 23 experts in the fi MoreToday, outsourcing is known as one of the effective strategies in the business world. The purpose of this research is to design the outsourcing model of marketing activities of sports clubs. The research community in the qualitative section includes 23 experts in the field of sports marketing who were selected by the theoretical saturation method. Through semi-structured interviews with public administration and sports management experts, the researcher identified the components and designed the outsourcing model of marketing activities of sports clubs using qualitative analysis and Delphi methods. 175 people were selected as a statistical sample by using the sample size table of Karjesi and Morgan. In its qualitative part, a comprehensive model was designed for outsourcing the marketing activities of sports clubs. In the quantitative part, the relationship between the elements and components of the present model was subjected to a quantitative test with the structural equation modeling method and Smart PLS software. Based on the findings of this research, the outsourcing of sports club marketing activities, in order of importance, included marketing speed, management control, key capability control, preliminary planning, environmental effects, marketing enhancement, club performance, service quality enhancement, cost reduction, and strategic analysis. . The results of the research can be considered for planning and providing solutions related to the marketing activities of sports clubs in connection with outsourcing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Ranking of Iranian provinces to improve road safety by using of AHP
P. Zamani hossein mehriziEvery year, many people are killed and wounded due to traffic accidents on the roads of Iran and lot of families suffer from physical, mental and financial problems. Today, the problem of traffic accidents has become an important issue in Iran but all provinces are not MoreEvery year, many people are killed and wounded due to traffic accidents on the roads of Iran and lot of families suffer from physical, mental and financial problems. Today, the problem of traffic accidents has become an important issue in Iran but all provinces are not same condition in this issue. Transport authorities and experts tend to know position of each state based on different criteria. They should know that which province has the good condition and which one are in the worst position because for more exact planning, this issue has some influences on their decisions. In this paper, provinces based on various criteria, equipment related to intelligent transportation systems, are ranked. This method indicates that the numbers of dead and injured are not appropriate criteria for ranking of states and different criteria must be considered. This priority is performed by using of Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP). Based on the obtained results, the most important indicators for assessing Iranian provinces to improve road safety are a number of relief bases, type of damage, intelligent transportation equipment and road traffic rate. Extracting the results was done using Expert Choice software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Bi-objective mathematical modeling for a green last-mile transportation network with an automated parcel locker
Amir-Hossein Zahedi-Anaraki Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Ramin SadeghianThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a more integrated and specialized approach to address the challenging issues known as the "Last-Mile Transportation" and to provide a conceptual-mathematical framework for making a synergy and integration between theoretical con MoreThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a more integrated and specialized approach to address the challenging issues known as the "Last-Mile Transportation" and to provide a conceptual-mathematical framework for making a synergy and integration between theoretical concepts and classic urban logistics optimization issues. This is a two-echelon routing-location network consisting of an urban distributor (or warehouse), customers and potential locations to install two types of facilities (automated parcel locker and micro-distributor). After ordering based on their desirability, customers are able to receive their product at the door or at 24-hour parcel locker. A modified Bender decomposition algorithm is used to solve the proposed model, which is amplified by the strategy of rounding of master problem’s variables and local search. To prove the efficiency, we compared the properties obtained from the proposed algorithm with the results obtained from the epsilon-constraint method in the Python software environment, the CPLEX library and ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio and the results confirms the absolute dominance of this method in large-sized instances. The results of the sensitivity analysis of the role of automated parcel lockers on the network’s cost and produced pollution indicate the efficiency and validity of the proposed model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Determining the efficiency, satisfaction and productivity of the public transportation system using data envelopment analysis and its applied study on Mashhad bus lines
Maliheh Shahkooeei Farzad Rezai Balf Mohsen Rabbani Mehdi Fallah JelodarThe trend of population growth and development of cities in recent decades has led to the use of vehicles, both private and public. Meanwhile, public transportation has attracted a lot of attention due to its economic viability. Therefore, urban planning officials and m MoreThe trend of population growth and development of cities in recent decades has led to the use of vehicles, both private and public. Meanwhile, public transportation has attracted a lot of attention due to its economic viability. Therefore, urban planning officials and municipalities try to solve problems such as; Environmental pollution, heavy traffic congestion, insecurity on some roads, severe accidents on some roads and excessive consumption of fuel suitable for vehicles (including oil - diesel and gasoline) are to consider appropriate measures. Data envelopment analysis with appropriate mathematical solutions can be an accurate and comprehensive tool to investigate such situations, so that managers can use it to make the best decision and remove existing barriers. Our goal in this article is to determine the efficiency, satisfaction and productivity (productivity in efficiency, productivity in satisfaction) of public vehicles, specifically 10 bus lines in Mashhad, so that their productivity in three consecutive years 91, 92 and 93 has been evaluated and the ratio of productivity in satisfaction to productivity in efficiency of each line has been calculated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Optimizing the Partner Selection Problem and Scheduling the Collaborative Transportation
nazanin Ghasemy Ali Husseinzadeh Kashan Seyed Esmaeel NajafiIn today’s competitive business, companies are continuously looking for new ways to reduce their costs and improve their products’ quality. A company needs various resources to stay in the market and it can be challenging to provide these resources for small MoreIn today’s competitive business, companies are continuously looking for new ways to reduce their costs and improve their products’ quality. A company needs various resources to stay in the market and it can be challenging to provide these resources for small and medium-sized companies. Therefore, companies share their capacities with each other to achieve their common goals. This sharing can be done under the title of a virtual enterprise. A virtual enterprise is an economic alliance in which several companies share their capabilities to provide specific products and services. Virtual company’ advantages over the traditional companies include flexible structure and quick response to the market. VE should provide the situation for manufacturing products and services at a lower cost and higher quality with less risk and shorter lead times. So, partner selection has become a vital task for companies. The success of a virtual company is dependent on the selection of partners.In this study, a new partner selection model is presented with a VE concept integrated with collaborative transportation. The proposed model is presented in deterministic state. A numerical example is analyzed to investigate model behavior, and the results are presented and discussed. Finally, the sensitivity of the objective function is analyzed by some parameters and the results show that by increasing two parameters, the maximum number of sub-projects carried out by a partner and the transportation capacity, the total costs either decrease or remain unchanged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Lagrangian Relaxation Method for the Step fixed-charge Transportation Problem
A. Mahmoodirad S. Niroomand M. Sanei A. SajedinejadIn this paper, a step fixed charge transportation problem is developed where the products are sent from the sources to the destinations in existence of both unit and step fixed-charges. The proposed model determines the amount of products in the existing routes with the MoreIn this paper, a step fixed charge transportation problem is developed where the products are sent from the sources to the destinations in existence of both unit and step fixed-charges. The proposed model determines the amount of products in the existing routes with the aim of minimizing the total cost (sum of unit and step fixed-charges) to satisfy the demand of each customer. As the problem is NP-hard, a moderate sized instance of this problem becomes intractable for general-purpose solvers. In order to overcome this difficulty, a Lagrangian relaxation approach is proposed. The computational experiments show that the Lagrangian relaxation algorithm isable to solve large sized problems with optimality gap compared togeneral-purpose solvers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Fully Fuzzy Transportation Problem
A. Khoshnava M.R. MozaffariTransportation problem is a linear programming which considers minimum cost for shipping a product from some origins to other destinations such as from factories to warehouse, or from a warehouse to supermarkets. To solve this problem simplex algorithmis utilized. In re MoreTransportation problem is a linear programming which considers minimum cost for shipping a product from some origins to other destinations such as from factories to warehouse, or from a warehouse to supermarkets. To solve this problem simplex algorithmis utilized. In real projects costs and the value of supply and demands are fuzzy numbers and it is expected that optimal solutions for determining the value of commodities transported from a source to a destination be obtained as a fuzzy. So the first idea is to present the in the full fuzzy condition and then an algorithmwhich is of importance for solving such a problem. In this article, a new algorithm is suggested for solving fully fuzzy transportation problem. This algorithm transforms the fully fuzzy transportation problem into a triple-objective problem and then it utilizes a weighted method for solving multi-objective problems and solves the new problem using simplex transportation method. At the end, the suggested method is utilized for the real data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - "A comparative approach to the foundations of criminalization of doping in England's, German's and France's criminal law;(A step towards the criminalization of doping in Iranian's c
hamidreza heydarpour masoud hemmatDoping is the most unprofessional and unethical behavior in professional sport. In addition to the ethical and technical aspects, this phenomenon also has important legal aspects. In recent years, following the increase in cases of doping, the tendency to criminalize it MoreDoping is the most unprofessional and unethical behavior in professional sport. In addition to the ethical and technical aspects, this phenomenon also has important legal aspects. In recent years, following the increase in cases of doping, the tendency to criminalize it has clearly formed among some criminal policymakers, and some countries have explicitly criminalized doping and punishing it, but despite some other countries have not taken action in this regard. A clear example of the first countries is England, Germany and France, and an obvious example of the second category countries is Iran. The claim of this article is that by using the experience of criminal law systems in England, Germany and France, it is possible to take steps towards the criminalization of doping in Iran's criminal law and in this way, between the approach of Iran's criminal law system and the view of the system. The mentioned legal issues created more alignment. The main hypothesis of the current research is that the criminalization of doping in Iran's criminal law has a significant effect in reducing it. In order to further investigate these categories, in this research, while studying the concept of doping and the basics of its criminalization in the criminal law of England, Germany and France, the challenges facing the process of its criminalization in the criminal law of Iran have been examined. The current type of research is fundamental, its approach is descriptive-analytical, its method is library study, and the tool for collecting information is survey. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The civil responsibility of the manager or managers of sports facilities towards the spectators
Soheil Ravagh Ardebilii Ahmad Yousefi SadeghlooThe incidents that occurred in Iran's sports venues in recent years caused significant financial and life losses to the spectators. Spectators enter these places with the mindset that their safety and security during the match is guaranteed. In this article, while exami MoreThe incidents that occurred in Iran's sports venues in recent years caused significant financial and life losses to the spectators. Spectators enter these places with the mindset that their safety and security during the match is guaranteed. In this article, while examining the responsibilities of the manager or managers of sports venues as a part of those responsible for organizing sports competitions towards the spectators, it is examined from the legal aspect by considering the non-contractual responsibilities derived from the laws of Islamic punishment and civil responsibility. However, it seems that the formulation of special rules or regulations with the conditions of holding each match is vital and necessary to reduce the loss of life or money caused by the negligence of the manager or managers of sports venues towards the spectators. In particular, the current civil law of Iran approved in 1339 is appropriate to the present time, where the progress and techniques at that moment and with those new laws are not changing, changing and shaping. In order to compile this article, reports, expert documents and legal or judicial medicine that the scope and limits of negligence of the manager or managers of sports venues that the result has become in relation to the audience due to the personality of the events or the future of damaging the collective conscience or preserving Is. The general order of the society was not in the conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The effects of the breach of the domestic and international road transportation s contract of goods by carrier.
علی GharibehAccording to commercial code and CMR convention, the domestic and internationalcarrier of goods by road is liable for making any destruction, loss or defect of goodsand damages because of delay in carrying goods to the named destination. However,they are silent concerni MoreAccording to commercial code and CMR convention, the domestic and internationalcarrier of goods by road is liable for making any destruction, loss or defect of goodsand damages because of delay in carrying goods to the named destination. However,they are silent concerning the liability of the carrier if he refuses carrying the goodsor delivering them .Considering the general principls of law governing contracts, itseems that the carriers may be also liable when they refuse to carry or deliver thegoods. The legal effects of the carrier,s liability are not the same in all circumstancesand a distinction should be made for various types of liability. In case of loss, waste,defect and delay in delivery,the carrier has the responsibility of paying the price ascompensation and in relation to refusal of carrying or not delivering the goods,thecarrier will be bound to do so as it is a binding contract. Nevertheless, in some casesthe carrier does not have liability regarding the consequences. When the carrier mayenjoy the right of revocation of carriage contract and he/she, by application of thisright, refuses carrying the goods, the carrier can not be bound to perform theobligation as his own responsibility. This is also true in case of no responsibilityclause, the existence of defect in the goods ,hazards resulting from the nature ofgoods interference by a third party,s action, the error of the transmitter of goods,damage due to erroneous instruction of the sender or receiver of the goods andoccurrence of force majeures where the carrier is not bound to pay compensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Offering a Human Resources Model for Training in the Ministry of Sports and Youth
GhanbarAli Delfan Azari Ferdos Yadegari Fattah Nazem -
Open Access Article
89 - The Effect of the Perceived Value of Hosting Sports Events on the Desire to Travel: a Conceptual Model
Mohammad Ali Berangi, Ehsaneh Nejad Mohammad Nameghi -
Open Access Article
90 - An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model for the E-Repurchasing of Sports Match Tickets
J. Khazaei Pool R. Verij Kazemi M. Amani J. Kia Lashaki -
Open Access Article
91 - The Relationship between Servant Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Employees at Valiasr Academic Complex, Islamic Azad University-Central Tehran Branch
E. Nobari K. Mohamadkhani A. Mohammad Davoudi -
Open Access Article
92 - Developing an Inter-agency Factor Model Effective on Attracting Sponsors in Championship Sports
hadi bagheri bagher morsal ali fahiminejad The purpose of this paper was to develop a model of effective inter-organizational factors for attracting sponsors in championship sport in North Khorasan province. The statistical population consisted of all sports heads, sponsors managers, athletes and coaches, More The purpose of this paper was to develop a model of effective inter-organizational factors for attracting sponsors in championship sport in North Khorasan province. The statistical population consisted of all sports heads, sponsors managers, athletes and coaches, managers of sports organizations with 150 individuals who were selected as sample and completed a five-point Liker questionnaire using qualitative analysis results. They came and answered. Its face and content validity by experts and the reliability of the qualitative data by Delphi method and the reliability of quantitative data in a baseline study among 30 sport managers and sponsors using Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis using SPSS 23 and SPSS 3 software. Results were analyzed in two parts: structural model and model utility. The results were analyzed in two parts: structural model and model utility. The findings of the study showed that the experimental data collected in this study support the existing theoretical model and the relevant factors were able to predict a good percentage of the main variable behavior. Investigation of factor path coefficient showed that management factor with beta coefficient of 0.358 and information system factor with beta coefficient of 0.126 had the highest and least importance respectively in predicting main variable behavior or attracting sponsors in championship sport. Overall, it is recommended to use theoretical research model to attract sponsors in provincial championship sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Explaining the role of organizational citizenship behavior on customer based brand equity
Mohammad Mahmoudi Maymand Ata HarandiThe organizational citizenship behavior, as the optional & intentional behaviors of employees, have considerable effect on the individual and organizational performance, placing the employees in a situation to perform some assignments beyond their occupational descr MoreThe organizational citizenship behavior, as the optional & intentional behaviors of employees, have considerable effect on the individual and organizational performance, placing the employees in a situation to perform some assignments beyond their occupational description and functions, one the one part the brand making topic as well as brand management have various fans nowadays in marketing world to the extend that making a popular powerful brand in the market is the goal of may organizations. The effects of expressing organizational citizenship behavior on the brand value and its dimensions as well, from the point of view of the customers in innovation model are reviewed in the current article. The data required for this research haven been collected by "Padideh Shandiz Chain Restaurants" guild union employees polling in connection with organizational citizenship behavior and on the customers' available nonrandom sampling basis in brand value section and in the form of a questionnaire. Podskoff and his colleagues questionnaire was used for evaluation of citizenship behavior, and the researcher questionnaire, designed based on Kim, Tang, Hawley and Aker studies, was used for evaluation of the brand value. This research is applicatory with surveying nature, structural equations method and Pls software are used for data analysis. The concluded results express that all the dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviors have a positive meaningful effect on the brand value from the point of view of the customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - An Analysis of Factors Affecting to Sport Marketing Attitudes in Sport Boards Managers of Markazi Province
mohsen esmaeili shamsoddin rezaei Tahmasb ShirvaniNowadays achieving financial and supportive resources is one of the main concerns of sport boards, which requires proper performance in marketing scope. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the attitude of sport boards' managers towards marketing as MoreNowadays achieving financial and supportive resources is one of the main concerns of sport boards, which requires proper performance in marketing scope. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the attitude of sport boards' managers towards marketing as a preface to carry out operational activities. The statistical population of the study was consist of all board of directors of sport boards of Markazi province as well as managers and staffs who works as experts at Markazi Sports and Youth organization and it's sub branches. Total numbers of population were considered as samples and 104 researcher-made questionnaires were analyzed. The questionnaire was containing of 47 questions. The reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha (0.94) and university professors and experts confirmed the validity. To analyze data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov Smirnov test, T single-group, Friedman, exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations) were used by 22nd version of and Smart Plus software. The results identified eight factors that were named in accordance with the nature of the research as follow: performance assess, pricing, competitiveness, program and goal, human resources, market attitude (environment), marketing strategy, customer orienting. The results showed that the mean of all factors was higher than average. The overall measurement results of the model, such as the Goodness Fitness Index (GOD), were indicative of the suitability of the proposed model. It is recommended to directors of Sport boards to pay special attention to these factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The relationship between relationship commitment and conflict resolution with the satisfaction of sporting goods customers
Yuosef rostampoor Jafar bargi moghaddam Hussein SharafiThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between relationship commitment and conflict resolution with customer satisfaction of sporting goods. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and is a descriptive-correlative research in ter MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between relationship commitment and conflict resolution with customer satisfaction of sporting goods. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and is a descriptive-correlative research in terms of its nature. The statistical population consisted of all people who were referred to sporting goods stores to buy them. Sample size was selected based on estimated precautionary measures of 345 people. To collect data, relationship commitment questionnaire and dispute resolution questionnaire (0/76) with commitment reliability coefficient (0/76), conflict resolution (0/84), and residual customer satisfaction (2011) with coefficient of reliability of 0,87 were used. Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by qualified professors. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Cronbach's alpha, Kolmogorov Simonov, one-sample t-test, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA. All analyzes were performed at P The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between relationship commitment and conflict resolution with the satisfaction of sporting goods customers, and the status of relationship commitment and elimination of conflict from the viewpoint of the customers of sporting goods is undesirable. Also, demographic results showed that the satisfaction of individuals over 47 years of age and above the commitment and resolution of conflicts by sellers is lower than other ages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Measuring Model of Consumer’s Moral Emotions in Sport Marketing: A Scale Development
Jasem ManouchehriPurpose: Despite the various violations of athletes, researchers paid a few attentions to the negative effects of these violations on consumer’s responses. The main purpose of this research was to present a model for measuring the level of consumer’s moral e MorePurpose: Despite the various violations of athletes, researchers paid a few attentions to the negative effects of these violations on consumer’s responses. The main purpose of this research was to present a model for measuring the level of consumer’s moral emotions in facing with doping scandal by endorser celebrity athletes. Methodology: The present research was conducted by an exploratory mixed methodology. Logical induction was utilized for analyzing qualitative data collected from 18 interviews (9 men and 9 women), in addition, 224 sport sciences students of Iranian universities filled out the quantitative questionnaires to run confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the measuring model. Findings: The results from CFA and its goodness and badness indexes revealed standard amount of the indexes. Moreover, results showed that the extent of Average Variance Extracted (AVE) for contempt, anger and disgust was higher than 0.5 which revealed Convergent Validity of the named variables. Additionally, the extent of Average Variance Extracted (AVE) for all variables was bigger than the square of their pairwise relationships which also revealed Discriminant Validity. All variables reliabilities were higher than 0.7 which indicated Composite Reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Model Impact of Sports Exhibition Factors on Commercial Success Strategies of Sport Products
HamidReza Nikoabadi Rasool Nazari Elham MoshkelgoshaThe purpose of this study was to analyze the achievements of sport exhibitions from the standpoint of exhibitors and customers and to present strategies for commercial success of sporting products. The method of this study is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of MoreThe purpose of this study was to analyze the achievements of sport exhibitions from the standpoint of exhibitors and customers and to present strategies for commercial success of sporting products. The method of this study is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of research type, a descriptive survey is carried out. The statistical population of this study includes sales and marketing managers and exhibitors of sporting goods companies participating in Isfahan Sport Exhibitions. 320 exhibitors were selected by judgmental sampling. A final total of 310 exhibitors completed the questionnaires. Data were collected using questionnaire of Alipour et al (2017) Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.86. Data analysis using structural equation modeling with Smart PLS and SPSS software. The results of this research showed that “staff training” was considered as the most important parameters influencing the exhibition-based processes. In addition, it was found that the ongoing processes on the exhibition site have significantly positive effects on the selling and no selling objectives of the firms. At the end, this research has proposed suitable solutions on how to effectively and optimally use the affective factors on those processes and its effectiveness on achieving sports products exhibition goals in the business. Given the impact of information gathering on post-exhibition sports processes, it is suggested that corporate and organization officials categorize this information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Presenting the Brand Leverage Model for Iranian Professional Football Clubs Approach: Grounded Theory
Narges bonakdarchyan rasool nazari Bastanifar, Eman Bastanifar, EmanThe purpose of this study was to present a brand leverage model for Iranian professional soccer clubs with a financing approach. This research has a qualitative approach and the data theory approach has been used as a research method. The sampling method was theoretical MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a brand leverage model for Iranian professional soccer clubs with a financing approach. This research has a qualitative approach and the data theory approach has been used as a research method. The sampling method was theoretical; the method of sampling was theoretical; sampling continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. The research tool was in-depth exploratory interviews. The data by continuous comparison method over three steps matching methods, peer review, and pilot interviews. Open, axial and selective coding was used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the coding process in the six dimensions of paradigm model includes: causal including brand, central categories of brand leverage with sustainable financing approach, strategies such as managerial development, contextual features such as Training mechanisms, intervening conditions such as legal and legal factors and consequences, including: Sustainable financing were identified. Generally speaking, we need strategies such as managerial development and infrastructure to leverage the brand, so it is suggested to promote and enhance the knowledge, attitude, behavior, role of HRM and professional club management. To be more specialized Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Providing a Conceptual Model for Sporting Events in Iran
Reyhaneh Naghshzan Khajouie Mehdi Salimi Rasool NazariThe purpose of the present study was to provide a Conceptual Model for Sporting Events in Iran. The research methodology was performed in terms of quality, process strategy and the objective was applied. The statistical population was selected to consist of human commun MoreThe purpose of the present study was to provide a Conceptual Model for Sporting Events in Iran. The research methodology was performed in terms of quality, process strategy and the objective was applied. The statistical population was selected to consist of human community 1. Senior sport managers and experts in sport management and sport tourism, and 2. University professors in sport management and marketing. The statistical sample was sampled and questioned in a number of capability-based theoretical saturated content (23 and 61 documents). Based on theoretical saturation and you will be considered. Research tools included systematic library study and the exploratory interview structure. The validity of tools using qualitative narrative methods was evaluated at a desirable level. The method of conceptual coding and frameworks were used for analyze the data according Corbin and Strauss approach. The conceptual framework for sporting events in Iran includes eight general areas: event characteristics, event brand capability, event branding, event marketing, event innovation, event brand performance, event competitive advantage and event brand value. The conceptual model derived from the code framework was mapped as a process system from event attribute and event brand capability to event brand value. The framework presented in this research provides an understanding of the dimensions of the event brand based on its relation to a set of event activities. Based on this framework, it can provide an objective assessment of the level of management activities at each sporting event and provide scientific information on the appropriate actions that sports organizations must take to branding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Developing a Comprehensive Model of Marketing of Recreational Sports: A Technology-Based Approach
javad fesanghari Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hossini Marjan Saffari Hashem KozechianIntroduction: Nowadays, technology is turning into one of the most important factors leading to international competition in the sports industry. Currently, the sports industry is increasingly in need of technology in all its fields to facilitate proper performance.Meth MoreIntroduction: Nowadays, technology is turning into one of the most important factors leading to international competition in the sports industry. Currently, the sports industry is increasingly in need of technology in all its fields to facilitate proper performance.Methods: The present study is aimed to Developing a Comprehensive Model of Marketing of Recreational Sports, a Technology-Based Approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using a qualitative method. The content analysis method was used in order to analyze the data (Brown and Clark, 2006).Results: The findings showed that the marketing activities of Technology-Based Recreational Sports can be divided into nine stages based on different dimensions of marketing: market-orientation, market measurement, market-study, market-making, market-search, market-holding, market-warming, market-touring and market-handling ,and according to the activities required in each dimension, provided the basis for the development of Technology-Based recreational sports in the country.Conclusion: According to the results of this research, the marketing path of developing Technology-Based recreational sports begins with market-orientation. This theme acts as a prerequisite for the other two dimensions of marketing of Technology-Based recreational sports, namely market-study and market measurement, and if we pay attention to these three dimensions, we enter the market-making stage, which itself acts as a prerequisite for other dimensions of market-search, market-holding and market-warming. According to the results of this study, if we can successfully pass these steps, we can benefit from the development of Technology-Based recreational sports in the field of market-touring and market-handling and enter international market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Influential variables on changing consumer attitudes based on cognitive dissonance approach
fatemeh ashouri Naser Azad Abdullah naami mahmoud modiriAccording to the theory of incoherence, a person's cognitions (such as thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs) may be coherent, incoherent, or irrelevant. Reducing inconsistency is done by adding, subtracting or replacing cognitions. Accordingly, it is possible to use the cap MoreAccording to the theory of incoherence, a person's cognitions (such as thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs) may be coherent, incoherent, or irrelevant. Reducing inconsistency is done by adding, subtracting or replacing cognitions. Accordingly, it is possible to use the capacity of rail transportation by using appropriate strategies to reduce cognitive inconsistency and also change the attitude of consumers, and even this issue can increase the capacity of this industry. There are several reductions that are evaluated in this study according to the attitudes of consumers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a model to change consumer attitudes with emphasis on the theory of cognitive inconsistency. Used among the statistical community of the rail transport industry. In qualitative research, by performing the theme coding method, the theoretical model was reached and then the effective variables were calculated through Dematel method and fuzzy ANP. It is a variable of consumer attitude. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Affecting the Development of Transportation, Customs and Transit Cooperation between Iran and Other Countries
Behzad Jafari fereydoun omidi Ghasem Rekabdar The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize factors affecting the development of Iran's transportation, customs and transit cooperation with other countries. This research is a mixed research method. The qualitative part of the research includes i More The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize factors affecting the development of Iran's transportation, customs and transit cooperation with other countries. This research is a mixed research method. The qualitative part of the research includes interviews with experts, so the intended statistical population was formed by experts familiar with the subject of the research. At first, the results of the qualitative part of the interview were coded with the data method of Foundation, Strauss and Corbin, and then the factors affecting the development of Iran's transport, customs and transit cooperation with other countries were identified and ranked. A closed questionnaire was used. The statistical population includes 12 experts in the qualitative section and 127 experts and customs managers in the quantitative section. Cronbach's alpha method was used for the reliability of the quantitative part of the questionnaire. In the next stage and step of the research, using the axial coding method and with analysis in the data theory of the foundation, the relationship between the classes produced in the open coding stage and the relationship of other classes with the central class are established in 6 headings, which are: 1. Conditions Ali, 2. central phenomenon, 3. strategies and measures, 4. intervening conditions, 5. contextual conditions, 6. consequences were obtained based on the paradigm model (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). Before that, considering these 6 classes and their relationship with each other, and with the opinion of professors and experts, the main and subcategories were identified from all the obtained indicators, and their priority and ranking were determined. In the quantitative part, the data analysis method including t-test and using structural equations has been determined and analyzed by SPSS and SmartPLS software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Explaining the Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Customer Based Brand Equity
M. Mahmoudi Maymand A. HarandiThe organizational citizenship behavior, as the optional & intentional behaviors of employees, have considerable effect on the individual and organizational performance, placing the employees in a situation to perform some assignments beyond their occupational descr MoreThe organizational citizenship behavior, as the optional & intentional behaviors of employees, have considerable effect on the individual and organizational performance, placing the employees in a situation to perform some assignments beyond their occupational description and functions, one the one part the brand making topic as well as brand management have various fans nowadays in marketing world to the extend that making a popular powerful brand in the market is the goal of may organizations. The effects of expressing organizational citizenship behavior on the brand value and its dimensions as well, from the point of view of the customers in innovation model are reviewed in the current article. The data required for this research haven been collected by "Padideh Shandiz Chain Restaurants" guild union employees polling in connection with organizational citizenship behavior and on the customers' available nonrandom sampling basis in brand value section and in the form of a questionnaire. Podskoff and his colleagues questionnaire was used for evaluation of citizenship behavior, and the researcher questionnaire, designed based on Kim, Tang, Hawley and Aker studies, was used for evaluation of the brand value. This research is applicatory with surveying nature, structural equations method and Pls software are used for data analysis. The concluded results express that all the dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviors have a positive meaningful effect on the brand value from the point of view of the customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Simulating Cd transport in undisturbed soil columns using FADE model
Samira Morsali Hossein Babazadeh Shahram Shahmohammadi Hossein SedghiAccurate expression of the solute transport in porous media is critical for evaluating and remediating pollutants in soils and aquifers. An important aspect of the transport of solutes and pollutants is the use of appropriate models to describe their transport behavior. MoreAccurate expression of the solute transport in porous media is critical for evaluating and remediating pollutants in soils and aquifers. An important aspect of the transport of solutes and pollutants is the use of appropriate models to describe their transport behavior. In this study, the concentration of the heavy metal cadmium in the column of undisturbed loamy soil was measured using the miscible displacement experiment. This experiment was repeated in three initial concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg/L). Then, Cd metal transport was simulated by fractional advection-dispersion equation (FADE). The breakthrough curves obtained from the simulation of FADE and the results of the experiments were fitted and the effect of C0 on its performance was investigated. The order of fractional differentiation (α), dispersion coefficient (D) and retardation factor (R) in all three initial concentrations were estimated and compared using the inverse modeling. The results showed that the FADE model simulates cadmium transport well with r2=0.98 and RMSE=0.05. The comparison of BTSs fitted by the FADE model and the observed laboratory data also confirms this issue. The order of fractional differentiation (α) obtained by the FADE model for Cd was almost the same and equal to 1.7, which indicated the anomalous and non-Fickian transport of cadmium metal in loamy soil columns. It seems that the lack of effect of C0 on α, which is the main parameter of the FADE model, has caused the performance of FADE to have no special trend with the changes of C0 and can be ignored. The hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient in the transport of Cd was increased by increasing C0 and its process is non-linear and unpredictable and the relationship between R and initial concentration is inverse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Studying the role of sport channel programs in the promotion of sport culture among the housewives as the members of 5th district of Tehran Capital
Azar Gholizadeh Sepideh seyyed salehiIntroduction and Aim: The category of sport culture is specified through dividing the culture in to the exponential components. Meanwhile one of the societal sections which are in the prominent need of sport functions can be identified as the housewives. Various researc MoreIntroduction and Aim: The category of sport culture is specified through dividing the culture in to the exponential components. Meanwhile one of the societal sections which are in the prominent need of sport functions can be identified as the housewives. Various researches accomplished in this specified area, emphasize on the positive effect of media and especially the T. V channels on the alteration of people’s attitudes and behaviours towards the sport. The T. V sport channel program which has newly been established, is giving out specified on-Line services to different class of audiences in the society. The present research was accomplished with the objective of investigating the role of sport channel programs in the promotion of sport culture among the housewives as the members of 5th district of Tehran capital. Method: The research method is called descriptive- measurement and the statistical universe includes 1841 total houseviwes as the members of private clubs situated in the 5Th district of Tehran capital of whom 317 individuals were selected as the statistical sample by applying class-random procedure with the utilization of cocheran sample volume formula. The research instrument was a research-made questionnaire including two parts. Findings:The research data was analyzed in the two Levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including one- variable t- test, Fridman test and multi-solutions variance analysis. Findings of the research indicate that the role of sport channel programs in the promotion of sport culture of the housewives was less than medium level by the mean value of 2.91 and the change of their attitudes by the mean value of 2.60. Mean while, the promotion rate of cultural values in housewives ’sport programs was computed as the medium Level by the mean value of 2.98; the promotion rate of religious values by the mean value of 2.97; the promotion rate of cultural norms by the mean value of 3.03; the rate of women’s contribution in sport activities by the mean value of 2.99 at the whole. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, there was no meaning ful difference between the role of sport channel programs and promotion of housewives sport culture due to the sex, age, number of children, education, the rate of watching sport channel programs, employment, the rate of leisure time positions, sport, financial expenses, permanent continuous membership, and administration of sport exercises according to T. V sport programs. Mean while, there was a significant difference between the role of sport channel programs in promotion of sport culture of housewives, due to their marital status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The cultural position of sport channel programs by the focus on Globalization process
Fatemeh Azizabadi Farahani Reza DastaniIntroduction and Aim: Sports and related phenomena are considered among the realms in which the media plays a significant role for their reflections towards audiences. Media is regarded as the substantial grounding factor for the Globalization process and it is recogniz MoreIntroduction and Aim: Sports and related phenomena are considered among the realms in which the media plays a significant role for their reflections towards audiences. Media is regarded as the substantial grounding factor for the Globalization process and it is recognized as the main element for Tran’s fering the culture into the society. Therefore, recognition and identification of the performance of sport programs in the realm of culture due to the category of Globalization is primarily necessary. Purpose of the study the objective of present research is to scrutinize the cultural status of sport channel programs with the emphasis on Globalization from the viewpoint of experts and sport programmers. Method: This research is applicable due to its related objective; it is descriptive, due to the pertinent strategy; it is measurement-based, due to the implementation procedure. Meanwhile, the required data and information are collected by quantitative case study procedure. Statistical universe of the research includes the total experts and authorities regarded as the managers, custodians and sport channel programmers whom are selected by purposeful sampling method. The sample volume consists of 118 managers, programmers and experts. Findings: The research data was analysed in the two levels of descriptive statistics by computing statistical indices such as the mean value and standard deviation in the forms of pertinent schedules and inferential statistics by applying kelmogrov-smirnov test, independent t- test and one- sample t-test. This procedure was implemented by applying spss 19 software with the significance level of p 0.05. Conclusions: Findings of the present research indicate that there is a meaningful difference between the observed status and expected position in the cultural grounds of sport channel programs, due to the displaying status of sport fields, selecting status of sport tournament, vestment and make-up positions, the status of convention, Identity positions, the status of women’s sports and the leisure time in sport programs. Meanwhile, there is a significant difference between the viewpoints of experts and programmers, due to the selecting status of sport tournament, the status of convention, Identity positions. The status of women’s sports and cultural position of sport programs. Whereas, there is no meaningful difference between the viewpoints of experts and programmers due to the displaying status of sport fields, vestment and make- up positions, and the leisure time in sport programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Electronic transport in Si and Au monoatomic chains considering strongly correlation effect, a first principle study
Mansoureh Pashangpour Vahid Ghaffari -
Open Access Article
108 - Sociological study of the role of gender cultural beliefs in women's sports scouting
Soheila Abdi Nemat Abad bahram ghadimi Shahla hojjat Masoumeh shojaei zahra Alipor-darvishiThe study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealin MoreThe study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealing with a variety of factors, including gender-based cultural beliefs. It seems that women's sports in most societies are more marginalized, and therefore the gender and norms associated with it can be effective in the process of scouting. This study examines the role of gender cultural beliefs in women's sports scores. The methodology of research is based on a qualitative approach that the researcher has studied through the depth of interviews.This study has been used to study the subject using qualitative analysis derived from non-constructed interviews. And among three groups of coaches and executives, professors and experts and female athlete of the hero. In the sample selection, a sampling method has been used for multi-objective purposeful sampling. The researcher has considered 30 samples to be sufficient for theoretical saturation.Finally, the reform of gender stereotyped attitudes in society, the correction of the gender reflection of women's women's sports championship and the need to rethink their gender culture is one of its key findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Analysis of Social Interest in Group and Individual Sports: Case Study of Mazandaran Province Students
farnaz fakhri ali vafaei moqadam Mohsen Hadi Tahan mohammad zoleikanivarious governments are trying to increase the participation of people in sports activities, one of their main strategies is to attract school students to sport. The purpose of this article is to analyze how to interest students in sport based on their social dimension, Morevarious governments are trying to increase the participation of people in sports activities, one of their main strategies is to attract school students to sport. The purpose of this article is to analyze how to interest students in sport based on their social dimension, which is discussed in two separate groups and groups. The method of this research is descriptive and comparative. The statistical population of the study consisted of male and female students studying in the second grade secondary education of Sari district 2. Data collection was based on a researcher-made questionnaire that a group of psychology and physical education professors confirmed its validity. Also, its reliability was estimated to be α = 82. Anova's test used for data analyses that the Research findings show that Anova's test did not show any difference between social interest and individual and group sports. There was no difference between male and female sexes, but girls had little interest in sports than boys. According to research findings, by creating a more open and competitive sport space, social and sports interest can be established. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The causes of Iranian violence and deviations of sport with a futuristic approach (Case study: Football)
farshad jafarvandnou مهرداد نوابخش اکبر آفرینش خاکیThis social phenomenon has become an important part of live community activity today, but what is highlighted in this article is the tensions that exist between fans of different teams together or even in the field before, during and after exciting sports competitions. MoreThis social phenomenon has become an important part of live community activity today, but what is highlighted in this article is the tensions that exist between fans of different teams together or even in the field before, during and after exciting sports competitions. It occurs by players and sometimes causes bitter events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of sport violence and deviations in Iran using a futures research approach. In this research, using a mixed approach, factors are identified. Based on the interviews, effective factors have been identified which are: organizational factors, institutional factors, environmental factors and individual factors. According to the results, it can be stated that all questions related to variables have significant correlation coefficients with the present variables. The research model is confirmed by significant and fitting indices. According to the results, it can be concluded that organizational factors, institutional factors, environmental factors and individual factors affecting the causes of sport violence and deviations in the Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University. Science and Research Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The effect of institutional trust on the performance of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth
mahyar ghochvand majid solimani azadeh سثغی شمهدثتشیThe purpose of present research was to determine the effect of institutional trust on performance of the staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth. The research for the purpose was practical and from the strategy was correlation based on structural equation model which w MoreThe purpose of present research was to determine the effect of institutional trust on performance of the staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth. The research for the purpose was practical and from the strategy was correlation based on structural equation model which was implemented by field method. The statistical population of the research included all of employees in the ministry of Sport and Youth (N=901), that using Krejcie and Morgan sampling table 279 which was randomly selected as statistical sample. In this research, Institutional Trust (Aloonen, 2008), Employee Performance (Zarei Robat, 2014) .questionnaires were used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated through Cronbach's alpha 0.88, 0.78, respectively. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and structural equations in SPSS and AMOS software.The results of the study showed that institutional trust directly affects the performance of employees at the rate of 0.35. The results of the study showed that institutional trust directly affects the performance of employees, therefore, based on the research results, it is offered that experts of the sport and youth ministry can help maintain and improve employees by improving communication and collaboration between employees and managers and improving team performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Structural model of sports-based leisure time impact on social self-efficacy in students with the role of spiritual intelligence interfaces
farnaz fakhri mohsen hadi tahan Seyed Hossein Alavi Azim Salahi KojourThe purpose of this study is to influence sport-based leisure on social self-efficacy with the role of spiritual intelligence interfaces in students. This research is applied in terms of application, and in terms of solidarity strategy based on the pattern of the struct MoreThe purpose of this study is to influence sport-based leisure on social self-efficacy with the role of spiritual intelligence interfaces in students. This research is applied in terms of application, and in terms of solidarity strategy based on the pattern of the structural equation, which is implemented in a field method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of high school students in Mazandaran province of 789 people, 267 stratified random samplings using Karechti and Morgan sampling table. In this research, self-efficacy questionnaires (1989) and Raddand leisure questionnaire (2006), and King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (2008) used data collection questionnaires. Validity of the questionnaires was also measured through formal validity and confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability of the questionnaires through Cronbach's alpha was 0.898 and 0.797 and 0.902 in the data analysis of Kolmogorov Smironi tests and structural equations were used in SPSS and AMOS software. The findings showed that exercise-based leisure had a positive effect on social self-efficacy. This effect was also positive with the role of spiritual intelligence interfaces. The results of the research indicate that with increasing leisure time with exercise and physical activity and promoting spiritual intelligence students Their social also increased and vice versa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The role of sporting events and the deployment of international caravans in the social and cultural development of communities (Case study of Iran)
nasrallah sajjadi Amin Dehghan Ghahfarkhi maryam BayatThe purpose of this research was to study the "challenges of Iranian delegations’ to international sports events and Social and cultural development of communities ". The research is of descriptive-applied type which was done qualitatively and quantitatively. The MoreThe purpose of this research was to study the "challenges of Iranian delegations’ to international sports events and Social and cultural development of communities ". The research is of descriptive-applied type which was done qualitatively and quantitatively. The statistical population at quantitative section also included 120 chef de missions, administrative staff and managers of national teams participating in international sporting events, presidents and secretaries general of the National Olympic Committee using Cochran's first formula. The sample size of the required quantitative fraction was estimated to be 92 people selected by simple random sampling. In the qualitative part, using the grounded theory method, all the challenges were counted and then in the quantitative part, these challenges were tested. Then, to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire (41 questions) (5-item Likert scale items) was validated by Cronbach's alpha (94%) content validity (expert testing)At the end, the data were analyzed by one-sample t-test and Friedman statistical tests with SPSS V.26 statistical software. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the chef de missions of Iranian delegations participating in international sporting events faced: "before the games" with challenges The most important of which is the selection of a qualified leadership team; In "during the games" with 14 challenges, the most important of which is the presence of the Zionist athletes in the tournament table and the possibility of facing them, and "after the games" with 6 challenges, the most important of which is creating an inappropriate atmosphere by the media. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Study of social contexts affecting participation in public sports among female students using the data theory strategy of foundation (Case study of female students of Islamic Azad University the of Kerman )
kamal javanmard ali reza sanatkhahIn the present study, an attempt has been made to gain a broader understanding of , contexts and social processes affecting participation in public sports among female students. The statistical population includes all students of Kerman Azad University in 1400. There ar MoreIn the present study, an attempt has been made to gain a broader understanding of , contexts and social processes affecting participation in public sports among female students. The statistical population includes all students of Kerman Azad University in 1400. There are 31 female students studying in this university. Targeted sampling method is available. Semi-structured interviews have been used as data collection tools. Data according to procedure Based on the background theory, they have been analyzed in three stages of open, selective and selective (pivotal) coding. After analyzing the research findings, categories of economic crisis and life concerns / encouragement and social support /social capital / sport-based cultural capital / Awareness of the usefulness of sports as the most important causal condition, personal management of the body / Cultural expectations / Personality perception on the body and sports infrastructure as the most important intervening conditions, lifestyle and sports-oriented healthy communication as the most important underlying conditions, creating appropriate sports infrastructure / creating environmental security / creating sports motivation in officials and interaction between physicians And the sports community as an action-interaction and control of violence in the community has been identified as the most important consequence of participation in public sports.Conclusion: Women's participation in sports and public sports activities is formed under the influence of cultural and social context in society. According to the results of the study, if this context can motivate women to participate in sports activities, it can reduce the level of violence. Unbridled reduce in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Economic infrastructure and its role in economic development of Iran
farzaneh aalizad farzaneh khalili farid asgarii Infrastructure in any country is in fact the basic foundation of the society of that country and notpaying attention to them creates irreparable consequences in the country and damage in one sector can affectother economic sectors as well. Therefore, it is vital t More Infrastructure in any country is in fact the basic foundation of the society of that country and notpaying attention to them creates irreparable consequences in the country and damage in one sector can affectother economic sectors as well. Therefore, it is vital to achieve a productive economy that relies on efficiencyand innovation, and to achieve continuous growth in national income and increase the per capita wealth ofsociety in the current period and the transition from a single-product economy. For this purpose, the data ofIran during the period 1978 to 2020 and the vector error correction model have been used. The variables usedinclude value added of agriculture, industry and services, as well as investment in energy, transportation andcommunications infrastructure at a fixed price in 2011. The results showed that there was a significantrelationship between energy infrastructure, transportation and communications with the development ofagriculture, industry and services, so that the development of transportation infrastructure has the greatestimpact on the development of agriculture, energy infrastructure development. The greatest impact on thedevelopment of the industrial sector and the development of transport infrastructure has the greatest impact onthe development of the service sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Examining obstacles and solutions for the development of public sports in the Corona and postCorona eras in Lorestan province
houshang garavand Nouredin Alahdadi Hassan Jafari Saeideh Sabzian The aim of the current research was to examining obstacles and solutions for the development ofpublic sports in the Corona and post-Corona eras in Lorestan province. This research is applied to the purposeof applied research, from the viewpoint of exploratory data More The aim of the current research was to examining obstacles and solutions for the development ofpublic sports in the Corona and post-Corona eras in Lorestan province. This research is applied to the purposeof applied research, from the viewpoint of exploratory data and from the research methodology to data type ofthe foundation and cross-sectional survey. In the qualitative section of sports activists, they were considered as aresearch community. Using a targeted snowball method by conducting 9 interviews, the researcher hasidentified that the information gathered has reached saturation point. The statistical population of the researchin the quantitative section was composed of 100 people by all sports activists. Based on simple randomsampling, 80 people are selected. Qualitative data analysis showed that point of view of the interviewees in 13components, barriers to public sports in 16 components, solutions for the development of public sports in the eraof Corona in 23 components, obstacles to the development of public sports in normal or post-corona conditionsin 15 components and The solutions for the development of public sports under normal conditions werecategorized into 19 components. In the quantitative part, the data obtained using Friedman's test showed thatthe most important effects of Corona on sports are "closure of sports clubs and venues"; The most importantobstacles to the development of public sports are "the closure of recreational centers, swimming pools andpublic centers"; The most important solutions for the development of public sports "Promotion of public sports". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The Effect of Institutional Trust on the Performance of the Staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth
Mahyar Gouchvand Majid Soleimani Azadeh Seyed AalinezhadThe purpose of present research was to determine the effect of institutional trust on performance of the staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth. The research for the purpose was practical and from the strategy was correlation based on structural equation model which w MoreThe purpose of present research was to determine the effect of institutional trust on performance of the staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth. The research for the purpose was practical and from the strategy was correlation based on structural equation model which was implemented by field method. The statistical population of the research included all of employees in the ministry of Sport and Youth (N=901), that using Krejcie and Morgan sampling table 279 which was randomly selected as statistical sample. In this research, Institutional Trust (Aloonen, 2008), Employee Performance (Zarei Robat, 2014) .questionnaires were used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated through Cronbach's alpha 0.88, 0.78, respectively. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and structural equations in SPSS and AMOS software. The results of the study showed that institutional trust directly affects the performance of employees at the rate of 0.35. The results of the study showed that institutional trust directly affects the performance of employees, therefore, based on the research results, it is offered that experts of the sport and youth ministry can help maintain and improve employees by improving communication and collaboration between employees and managers and improving team performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Empowering Mechanism of Human Resources in Sport Organizations’ Management
Nasroallah Poorafkari Asgar Ghanbari -
Open Access Article
119 - The Evaluation of Effective Factors of Tourism Development Consequent of National Sport Events from the Sport Authorities’ Point of View
Hossein Bayat Mirhassan SeyedAmeri Eskandar Hosseinpour Farough Fathi Kejal -
Open Access Article
120 - Analysis of the relationship between the social dimension of urban transport and social development in Tehran
Sedigeh Nazari Soroush FathiToday, urban transportation and its effects and consequences, in addition to the physical and environmental spheres, are problematic in the social and cultural spheres, as it has more complex dimensions in the metropolitan cities of developing countries. Thus, consideri MoreToday, urban transportation and its effects and consequences, in addition to the physical and environmental spheres, are problematic in the social and cultural spheres, as it has more complex dimensions in the metropolitan cities of developing countries. Thus, considering that Tehran city as the largest metropolis faces a population density and massive volume of transportation and transportation inside and outside the city, and also the technical and infrastructural aspect has been dramatically increased in recent years, but still the consequences and transport implications in environmental and health areas, is one of the most important issues in Tehran. Given the importance of this matter, the central issue of the present study is whether the social dimension of urban transport and the strengthening of this dimension has an impact on social development. In this regard, the argument is that strengthening the social dimension of urban transport as social capital, leads to the formation of social development in the city. In order to study and analyze this issue using the documentary and library research method and using the theoretical analysis tool and its analysis, we try to investigate the concepts of social dimensions of urban transportation and social development, the role of social dimension of urban transportation in social capital and, consequently, the formation of social development based on theoretical implications. The findings of the study show that in a broad conceptual dimension, social development, namely, the improvement of the human condition, which strengthen social security indicators, social participation, education and culture, and social identity, in order to reduce the social damage to urban transportation spaces action and it leads to the creation of social capital and the final product of this process is the formation of social development in the city, and as a result, social capital as a social dimension of urban transport plays an important role in the social development of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Investigating the Relationship between Knowledge Management and Organizational Health (Case of Study: Department of Sports and Youth and Sports Departments of Hormozgan Province)
Mehdi Savadi Serajeddin Mohebi -
Open Access Article
122 - A Sociological Study of the Role of Gender Cultural Beliefs in Finding Women's Sports Talent
Soheila Abdi Ne'matabad Bahmram Gadimi Shahla Hojjat Masoumeh Shojaie Zahra Alipour DarvishiThe study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealin MoreThe study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealing with a variety of factors, including gender-based cultural beliefs. It seems that women's sports in most societies are more marginalized, and therefore the gender and norms associated with it can be effective in the process of scouting. This study examines the role of gender cultural beliefs in women's sports scores. The methodology of research is based on a qualitative approach that the researcher has studied through the depth of interviews. This study has been used to study the subject using qualitative analysis derived from non-constructed interviews. And among three groups of coaches and executives, professors and experts and female athlete of the hero. In the sample selection, a sampling method has been used for multi-objective purposeful sampling. The researcher has considered 30 samples to be sufficient for theoretical saturation. Finally, the reform of gender stereotyped attitudes in society, the correction of the gender reflection of women's women's sports championship and the need to rethink their gender culture is one of its key findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Analysis of sports tourism in the framework of SWOT method in Tehran
bahram ghadimiThe tourism industry in Iran has very high capacities for growth and development. The purpose of this study was to analyze sports tourism in the framework of SWOT method in Tehran.Methodology: This research was analyzed in three levels: descriptive, explanatory and mult MoreThe tourism industry in Iran has very high capacities for growth and development. The purpose of this study was to analyze sports tourism in the framework of SWOT method in Tehran.Methodology: This research was analyzed in three levels: descriptive, explanatory and multivariate analysis with appropriate techniques. In order to answer the research questions, binomial non-parametric statistics (proportion test) and Friedman's test were used, and SWOT model was used to formulate the strategic planning of sports tourism in Tehran province.Findings: A significant difference was observed between the priorities of weaknesses (df=28, significance level p=0.001, and chi-square value=327.009). There is a significant difference between the priorities of strengths (df = 19 and significance level p = 0.001 and chi-square value = 43.432). There is a significant difference between the priorities of threats (df = 22 and significance level p = 0.001 and chi-square value = 149.012).Discussion and conclusion: The results showed that the strengths of sports tourism in Tehran include: the existence of a suitable transportation system, access to welfare services, recreation and facilities at reasonable prices, the ability to participate in national sports leagues, favorable water centers (sea , lake, river and swimming pools) is desirable and... Also, the main opportunities include: publishing the principles of Islamic philosophy and Iranian religion through the development of tourism, the existence of a field for organizing sports festivals, creating a platform for close communication with neighboring cities and countries, etc. They make smooth and also some components receive a positive and favorable effect from the development of sports tourism. This impact is mainly outside the realm of sports and sports tourism, and in order to plan for the development of this industry, all weaknesses and strengths, threats and opportunities must be carefully examined. In the part related to the weaknesses of sports tourism, the findings of this study showed that the lack of transparency and availability of income statistics from this industry, the weakness of mass media and the press in the development of this industry, bureaucratic administrative rules for accepting and attracting tourists, Absence of sports medicine service centers and... respectively are considered as important and effective variables that the sports tourism industry in the city of Tehran is either lacking in the mentioned variables or is not very effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Effect of municipal performance on quality of life (Case study: 6 Tehran Municipality staff)
سیدخلیل سیدعلی پور رضا اسدی احمدآبادResearch in order to identify the impact of performance on the quality of life of the citizens of the municipality of Tehran has been studied in six. The descriptive results shown council performance status (independent variable) with an average of 2.44 at a rate of 49 MoreResearch in order to identify the impact of performance on the quality of life of the citizens of the municipality of Tehran has been studied in six. The descriptive results shown council performance status (independent variable) with an average of 2.44 at a rate of 49 percent and its components, the respondents, the quality of citizens' lives better the municipalities in the study area. The results were analyzed using Pearson correlation shown between the municipality and the quality of life of citizens as much as 19 percent, and the impact of municipal performance components include social - cultural council on quality of life citizens at a rate of 18%, the transport and traffic in Tehran and the quality of life of citizens by 15 percent, the Tehran Municipality's technical performance and development and quality of life of citizens as much as 17 percent, but significantly between Tehran municipal services and quality of life of citizens No significant relationship was observed. In general we can say that although the performance of the municipality and its components on the quality of life of citizens in the 6th district of Tehran were effective, but the weak sense.e. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Investigating the Effects of Climate Change and Global Warming on Sports Infrastructure and Events (Case study: Ski)
Seyed Mostafa Tayebi Sani sharareh norouzi Ali Fahiminejad Bagher MorsalThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects and consequences of climate change and global warming on the infrastructure of skiing in the coming years. This research is of descriptive-analytical type, which has been done through modeling and using Matlab software MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects and consequences of climate change and global warming on the infrastructure of skiing in the coming years. This research is of descriptive-analytical type, which has been done through modeling and using Matlab software, in order to evaluate the possibility of holding sports in 28 active and widely used ski sites in 2030 and 2050. The scenarios examined were reliable snow level in the lower range and above 1500 meters above sea level. The results suggest that with the current trend, The effects of climate change on winter tourism may be even more severe in countries such as Germany and Austria due to the lower altitude of their ski resorts. In Austria, the current snow line will rise by 200 to 300 meters in the next 30 to 50 years with climate change. If the snow level rises from 1,200 to 1,500 meters, the number of standard ski slopes will be reduced. Also, if the level reaches more than 1,500 meters, the number of ski resorts in the Alps will be reduced to 63%, and only 44% of the ski areas can be called reliable snow Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Designing a Customer Loyalty Model in the Hotel Industry with a Sports Tourism Planning Approach (Case Study of Hotels in Mazandaran Province)
Ali Jersarai Morteza Dosti Pasha Seyed Hossein Alavi Farshad amamiThe purpose of this study is to design a customer loyalty model in the hotel industry with a sports tourism planning approach in Mazandaran province. The research method in this qualitative research is inductive in the field of paradigm and is derived from a semi-struct MoreThe purpose of this study is to design a customer loyalty model in the hotel industry with a sports tourism planning approach in Mazandaran province. The research method in this qualitative research is inductive in the field of paradigm and is derived from a semi-structured interview. The statistical population includes all university professors in the field of sports and sports management who have studied in this field. Sampling was performed using theoretical method and purposeful judgment method and was followed until theoretical saturation was reached, which includes a total of 38 experts. The results of the quality section showed that customer loyalty in the hotel industry includes 48 concepts and 5 dimensions (hospitality, service, product quality, facilities, trust) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Strategic planning for sports tourism development in Lorestan province With an emphasis on quantitative models and qualitative
somayeh teymouri abdalamir majdamThe role of sport tourism as a new source of employment, income, tax receipts were further confirmed by numerous studies. The aim of this study is strategic planning to develop sports tourism is Lorestan province . The study was descriptive - documentary and field-based MoreThe role of sport tourism as a new source of employment, income, tax receipts were further confirmed by numerous studies. The aim of this study is strategic planning to develop sports tourism is Lorestan province . The study was descriptive - documentary and field-based analysis using SWOT strategic model and the next step proposed strategies using quantitative matrix (QSPM) is. Results The results show invasive strategy (SO) in first priority with a score of 3/42 and competitive strategy (ST) in the second priority with a score of 2/63 sports tourism were identified as the most important strategies that can be concluded that the there should be more opportunities in this field strengths and utilizes the strengths of the opportunities available to her advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Assessing the level of satisfaction of sports tourists with the quality of facilities of Azadi Sports Complex in Tehran
bahram ghadimiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the level of satisfaction of sports tourists with the quality of tourism facilities (sports, accommodation and recreation) of Azadi Sports Complex in Tehran. The statistical population of the study consisted of all spectators MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the level of satisfaction of sports tourists with the quality of tourism facilities (sports, accommodation and recreation) of Azadi Sports Complex in Tehran. The statistical population of the study consisted of all spectators participating in the football match between Esteghlal and Persepolis teams in 1397 in Azadi Sports Complex in Tehran. The statistical sample of the study was 250 people who were selected in the sports complex and made a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. They answered in a simple random way. The descriptive research method is of correlation type that was done in the field and correlation coefficient. Pearson was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between research variables and the level of satisfaction of sports tourists. Health and sports facilities had the highest score and public facilities had the lowest level of satisfaction. It is suggested that in order to increase the level of satisfaction of sports tourists, the quality of public facilities and welfare should be considered more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Socio-physical components affecting sports tourism in urban areas, studied in Tehran
bahram ghadimiAim: The purpose of this article is to investigate the background and social factors affecting urban tourism.Method: In terms of implementation method, it is descriptive, survey type, and in terms of practical purpose. First, by studying and examining the theoretical fo MoreAim: The purpose of this article is to investigate the background and social factors affecting urban tourism.Method: In terms of implementation method, it is descriptive, survey type, and in terms of practical purpose. First, by studying and examining the theoretical foundations in the desired area and through semi-structured interviews and important, practical and influential factors, a questionnaire was developed using the Delphi method. The method of data collection in this research was field type and based on the structural model with Amos software. The participants in the first stage were 82 senior managers (specialists) and in the second stage 479 sports tourists of Tehran province. To identify the dimensions of sports tourism, to identify the dimensions of market segmentation based on the tourism approach and to identify the underlying dimensions based on the tourism approach in Tehran (as partial objectives), the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis was used.Findings: The number of three dimensions, physical, social and contextual, and 156 items were obtained. The results of the Kolmogorov Smirnov test are given. The significance value of This test for all variables is more than 0.05. Correlation between social dimensions (components) with sports tourism structure is significant for all dimensions . The degree of correlation is significant and strong for all dimensions and has been obtained from at least 0.64 for facilities and services to 0.9 for tourist attractions.Discussion and conclusion: Sports and sports activities are considered as an important thing to attract tourists. Sports tourism provides the possibility of optimal use of natural and sports attractions to attract sports tourists and thus increase the income from tourism. Conducting further research is developed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Presenting a model for establishing a customer relationship management system in Iranian sports clubs using GIS
Alireza Pashaei khamne Farshad Emami seydemad hosseini akram KhajepourThe purpose of this study is to design a model for establishing a customer relationship management system in Iranian sports clubs. This descriptive-analytical applied research is a part of combined research. The statistical population of this study consisted of 15 manag MoreThe purpose of this study is to design a model for establishing a customer relationship management system in Iranian sports clubs. This descriptive-analytical applied research is a part of combined research. The statistical population of this study consisted of 15 managers in the qualitative stage of the managers of sports clubs in the country's metropolises in a purposeful manner and in the quantitative part the coaches of sports clubs, of whom 357 were using the available sampling method as a statistical sample. were chosen. To analyze the data in the qualitative part, three stages of open, axial and selective coding using Max Kyoda software and GIS software, in a small part of the structural equation model using Smart PLS software were used. In the background conditions section of Tehran, Isfahan, Mashhad clubs, in the intervention conditions section of Tehran, Tabriz, Urmia, Mashhad and Shiraz dormitories, and in the causal conditions section of Isfahan, Mashhad, Tehran clubs, the conditions were more favorable than other clubs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The Impact Assessment of Cultural, Sport and Art Spaces in Improving Citizens Quality of Life; Case Study: District 18 of Tehran
Morteza Heydari Jamileh Tavakolinia Batoul Majidi Khamenequality of life is derived from the common experience of residents regarding their environment and its ability to respond to the citizens' needs. In this study, the impacts of cultural, sports, and art spaces of Tehran's district 18 as one of the elements affecting the Morequality of life is derived from the common experience of residents regarding their environment and its ability to respond to the citizens' needs. In this study, the impacts of cultural, sports, and art spaces of Tehran's district 18 as one of the elements affecting the improvement of the quality of life for citizens were investigated using a subjective approach. The statistical population of this study was determined as 385 subjects using Cochran's formula. At first and for analyzing, testing, and deduction of hypothesis, the questionnaires for district 18 residents were segregated from other referrers, then Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test with test value of 3, independent t-test and Friedman test were used for analyzing them. According to the results of one-sample t-test with test value of 3 and independent t-test, it was determined that cultural, sports, and art spaces of district 18 have affected quality of life differently by providing various regional and transregional functions. The results of Friedman test showed that each cultural, sports, and art center of district 18 had different impacts on life quality of regional and transregional citizens such that “Paradis Tamasha Cinema” and “Shahidan Esmaeili Sports Complex” had the highest and lowest impact respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Review of rules and standards for designing sports stadiums (Case study: Karaj city)
Anahita GhorbaniToday, in order to maintain health and physical and mental growth, giving importance to sports and physical spaces and sports places are among the most important uses in the city, which play a key role in improving the quality of life and increasing the desired living s MoreToday, in order to maintain health and physical and mental growth, giving importance to sports and physical spaces and sports places are among the most important uses in the city, which play a key role in improving the quality of life and increasing the desired living standards. Citizens are designing a stadium in line with this goal as an indoor space while instilling a sense of open and free environment for players and spectators. The stadium is actually a place, or rather a place to "watch an event"Therefore, the design of the stadium space will be closely related to the words "watching" and "happening". Designing stadiums strategically with the observance of design principles and criteria can not only have a direct and constructive effect on its hosts in terms of psychological dimension, but it also attracts more spectators, requires a very good source of income and ultimately as an added value. It is considered unique in sports affairs..According to the types of basic, theoretical, applied and scientific research, the present research is of the applied type. The research method in the present research is of the research-analytical method, which ultimately leads to design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Identification and analysis of key factors of transportation-based development with emphasis on the metropolitan structure of Tabriz
Arezou Karimi Rahnama Mahsa Faramrzi Asli Siroos Jamali Dariush SattarzadehIncreasing population and car growth, rapid and industrial development of big cities, formation of new and suburban cities around big cities due to not following a suitable model and standard of urban, and regional development, has added to the problems and complexities MoreIncreasing population and car growth, rapid and industrial development of big cities, formation of new and suburban cities around big cities due to not following a suitable model and standard of urban, and regional development, has added to the problems and complexities of life in these cities . And the combination of these factors has drawn the attention of urban thinkers to the presentation of a new idea of development based on transportation-oriented development, the basic principles of which have been based on the development of public transportation and the mixing of uses. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify the key variables of transportation-based development of the extract derived from the foundation data method, based on which to identify the most effective and influential variables involved in this development. Accordingly, 10 key influential factors include comprehensive transportation studies, culture of using public transport, increasing land value, mixing land uses and stations, increasing household income, increasing employment and services, private sector cooperation, and Government and local people, space-driven car design, type and function of corridors and stations, transportation demand management 15 very influential key elements including spatial unity and balance of uses, comprehensive transportation studies, public safety, culture of using public transport, increasing the value of land, eco-based and humane design of places, non-motorized transportation, Transportation demand management, public and open spaces and recreation that have the most role in the future of TOD development in the city of Tabriz were selected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Zoning of sports tourism in Sabzevar County with emphasis on climatic indicators
Seyed Mahdi Azim Seyed Mostafa Tayebi Sani Bagher Morsal Ali FahiminejadThe purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate times for sports tourism in Sabzevar city based on thermal climate. For this purpose, two quantitative indices of Olgyay and effective temperature (ET) were used. For this purpose, statistical data related to tem MoreThe purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate times for sports tourism in Sabzevar city based on thermal climate. For this purpose, two quantitative indices of Olgyay and effective temperature (ET) were used. For this purpose, statistical data related to temperature and relative humidity of the study area over a period of 25 years was evaluated. The results showed that according to the Olgyay index, the months of May, June, July and September are in the zone of thermal comfort and are the best times for sports tourism. Also, July is not a good time for outdoor tourism due to high temperatures and November, December, January, February and March due to high cold. The minimum average relative humidity was set at 34%, which is not outside the standard range of the Oleg index. The natural attractions of Sabzevar county and natural spaces that have the possibility of sports tourism are classified into 3 main areas and 3 zones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - An analysis of the evolution of the population hierarchy system with an emphasis on the position of the middle cities under study in East Azarbaijan province
Ali Taghipour Mohammadrezq rezaiThe term development has been widely used after the Second World War. This phenomenon is a valuable, multidimensional and complex category, which is the most important discussion of countries, especially developing countries, as a process. Development is a comprehensive MoreThe term development has been widely used after the Second World War. This phenomenon is a valuable, multidimensional and complex category, which is the most important discussion of countries, especially developing countries, as a process. Development is a comprehensive process of economic, social, cultural and political activities, the goal of which is to continuously improve the life of the entire population, and fair distribution of resources is one of its main pillars. The main goal of this article is an analysis of the evolution of the population hierarchy system. The research is of applied type and the required data were collected from the results of the last official population and housing census of the country in 2015. The western half or the semi-developed area of the province includes a north-south axis from Jolfa, Marand, Tabriz, Azarshahr to Malkan, which is adjacent to national and interregional communication networks and suitable infrastructure networks. The establishment of large industries, small and medium industrial workshops, agricultural and garden areas, large villages, densely populated cities, industrial livestock farms and commercial activities are among the characteristics of this area. The eastern half of the province, which has always been deprived due to the natural and mountainous features of the region and the inability to connect with other neighboring provinces. Although in some cases the possibility of development in them has been more than other regions of the province. The establishment of a large part of sparsely populated and scattered villages with the dominant economy of herding and traditional animal husbandry, rainfed agriculture and the establishment of sparsely populated cities are the main features of the eastern half of the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Survey of Frost and Sliding in Sanandaj and Hamadan by Using Climatic conditions Matrix
حسین Mohammadi پیمان MahmoudiClimatic factor and atmospheric phenomenas are the most effective factors ontransportation safety, and frost is most dangerous between them. It was used climaticconditions Matrix for temporal and spatial study frost phenomenas on Sanandaj-Hamadan Road. In this regard, i MoreClimatic factor and atmospheric phenomenas are the most effective factors ontransportation safety, and frost is most dangerous between them. It was used climaticconditions Matrix for temporal and spatial study frost phenomenas on Sanandaj-Hamadan Road. In this regard, it was collected and analyzed 3 temperature,precipitation and relative humidity daily data parameter of Sanandaj, Hamadan andGhorveh Synoptic Stations.Based on climatic conditions, N5 Atmospheric Situation and N6 are dangerouscondition for vehicle and transportation safety with concentrating Janiuary (9 days),Febrvary (5 days) and December (4 days) on Sanandaj- Hamadan Road. The start ofregional frost is late of September and March is ended, but hazardous frost for roadsafety is December. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Metropolitan Urban Transport Planning and its Affect on Sustainable Urban Development
مهرداد Navabakhsh مجید KafashiOne of most complex problems in urban planning in the late twentieth century wasconfronting the ever increasing metropolitan traffic , which has hindered the process ofdevelopment.In different urban planning, the internal traffic control network has asignificant affact MoreOne of most complex problems in urban planning in the late twentieth century wasconfronting the ever increasing metropolitan traffic , which has hindered the process ofdevelopment.In different urban planning, the internal traffic control network has asignificant affact in urban expansion.These network not only manage civilian andmotor traffic but they are partly responsible for metropolitan progress.The intra -citytraffic network, which is responsible for intra - city road side construction ,encourages a linear growth of development, whereas the inter –city traffic networksencourages development in the area around junctions.Achieving a high standard standara of living in a city is directly influenced by itsdwellers.Strategic research has suggested that by the year 2020 urban stability will be obtainedthrough technology in urban transportation when the correct correlation is foundbetween urban transportation systems and economic growth.This paper will provide a world -wide historical overview of the birth of themetropolis focusing on the introducation of automobiles between the 1950' s to the sand beyond. The paper will also attempt to introduce the major concerns ’1980 eachdecade regarding metropolitan transportation so that a framework of interventions ofword -wide metropolitan traffic can be concluded.Morever using guidelines of urbanplanning and considering the theories of sustainable urban development, Tehran spublic transportation system and its affect on urban development will be discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Sustainable City with Emphasizing on Urban Transport Management and Traffic Reduction Strategies with a Glance at Tehran Metropolis
Asghar Nazarian Mohammad taqi masoomi Rasoul maleki NezamabadEvery week world urban areas gain another one million people. nowadays cities asthe settlements of over fifty percent of world's populations face many challenges likeair pollutions, noises, traffic congestions, stresses and so on. this trend threat bothhuman´s lif MoreEvery week world urban areas gain another one million people. nowadays cities asthe settlements of over fifty percent of world's populations face many challenges likeair pollutions, noises, traffic congestions, stresses and so on. this trend threat bothhuman´s life quality and environment quality. ideal city for citizen´s life is sustainablecity in which improvement in the quality of human life is achieved in harmony withimproving and maintaining the health of ecological systems. In this city life isdesirable and increased quality of life, less conflicts, more effective economy, socialprogress and … are main advantages of these cities. There are many Barriers forCreating Sustainable Cities and one more important of them is weak urban transportsystems and traffic congestion. Traffic congestion in cities has social, economic andecological effects. On the other hand these three factors (social, economy and ecology)are the pillars of sustainable development. therefore inadequate management of urbantransport systems so existence of traffic congestion in cities is an important barrier ofcreating sustainable city. access to sustainable city requires a shift towards sustainableurban transport. sustainable transport is a term used to describe those modes oftransport which are not primarily associated with the use of non-renewable energyresources for the transport of individuals without causing a deterioration in the qualityof urban life. Nowadays Tehran as the biggest city and Capital of our country hasmany problems and barriers to be a sustainable city . high increasing in population,centralization, uncontrolled development, Air pollution, traffic congestion, accidentsand so on are some of these problems. Air pollution is the most importantenvironmental problem of Tehran which is caused mainly by motor vehicles. Motorvehicles produce 60-80% of pollution in this city. low price of fuel, low quality ofgasoline, large number of old cars, very high price of vehicles, Tehran's geographicposition, high dependency on private passenger car, improperly enforced driving andtraffic rules and finally lack of harmonious management are the most important factorsthat caused non-sustainable transport system is used in the city and as a result Tehran is an unsuitable place for living . in order to avoid this unsuitable situation changing ofTehran to a sustainable city it is necessary to support comprehensive models ofsustainable transport that are suitable with special conditions of our country andTehran city. one of these models is mooted in this study and there is no doubt aboutthat it is impossible to achieve urban sustainability in Tehran without attention inspecial consideration associated with our country . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Analysing spatial justice of transportation and relationship at geography of boundry provinces (case study: north Khorasan province)
Hassan Esmaeilzadeh Azam Kaffash Samira Heidary Jaber Rooy delSince public civil services structure the form and the skeletal, social and spatial essence of thecity, the present research aims to investigate the distribution of public civil services based onspatial justice in North Khorasan Province as a case study. In order to ana MoreSince public civil services structure the form and the skeletal, social and spatial essence of thecity, the present research aims to investigate the distribution of public civil services based onspatial justice in North Khorasan Province as a case study. In order to analyze the distributionof the indexes of transportation, 8 sub-indexes from transportation, warehouse andcommunication have been applied. The current research is practical and its method isdescriptive-analytical. To analyze them, safe descaling method; to weight them, Shannonentropy index; and to rank the cities, VIKOR Model have been applied. The results show thattransportation services and VIKOR Model for communication have not been distributedequally throughout the province; so that, Bojnord has the highest and Maneh and Samalqanhave the lowest possible level of access to the distributed services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Evaluation of accidents and sefety of road transportation with method of climatic hazards in karaj- chalous road
Reza Borna Hossein Mohammadi Mohammad Rez SarvatiDifferent factors affect on road transportation safety, one of them is theenvironmental hazards, among the environmental hazards affecting on the roadtransportation safety, it can be mentioned about the avalanche, rain, snow, frost andfog phenomena. In this research, in MoreDifferent factors affect on road transportation safety, one of them is theenvironmental hazards, among the environmental hazards affecting on the roadtransportation safety, it can be mentioned about the avalanche, rain, snow, frost andfog phenomena. In this research, in addition to evaluating the relation between each ofenvironmental hazards as well as road transportation safety in the KARAJCHALOUSroute, it was took an action for providing the accident hazard probableplans in each environmental diffirent manners using the observed information and datain the are view. According to the obtained results, there are the most hazard probableduring the raining from the kilometer 95 to 145, while being the frost phenomenonfrom the kilometer 35 to 85, during the snowing from the km 45 to 85 as well asduring the fog from km 96 to 130 and during falling avalanches from km 56 to 70 ofthe KARAJ- CHALOUS route being shown in the plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Cities, The World Greenhouse
زهره FaniCities are contaminator with over consumption. Because of this situation, they aresubjected to many ecologic dangers and pressures. Therefore they distinct as unevenand unequal places; This process far away them from sustainable eco-city. This papersearch and study sust MoreCities are contaminator with over consumption. Because of this situation, they aresubjected to many ecologic dangers and pressures. Therefore they distinct as unevenand unequal places; This process far away them from sustainable eco-city. This papersearch and study sustainable eco-cities; the ways of structural reforms in the diseasedcities for instance; Limits of physical growth, Demanding Health, Transport and size –shape of cities, Food, Water and Waste.The World Bank was pronouncing that sustainable urban development and ecocityhave conditions as follow:-The livable;-The efficient local management;-Be able to competition;-The prosperity from bank credits;. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Provide the Effect of Social Networks on Creating Sports Businesses in Metrocity
seyed maryam naghib hoseini seyed emad hoseini farshad emamiThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing social networks on the creation of sports businesses and providing a paradigm model.The present study was based on the purpose of the type of fundamental research and was conducted according to explorator MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing social networks on the creation of sports businesses and providing a paradigm model.The present study was based on the purpose of the type of fundamental research and was conducted according to exploratory information and using the foundation theory method. The data collection tool was a deep semi-structured interview. The statistical population includes experts, professors, managers, business owners, entrepreneurs, and sports consultants, and the targeted sampling method with snowball technique. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and the final pattern was extracted.The final model of the total causal conditions (24 concepts and 2 categories), substrates and fields (37 concepts and 3 categories), strategies (21 concepts and 4 categories), intervention (11 concepts and 2 categories), and implications (13 the concept and 2 categories of social networks are formed on creating sports businesses. The Kappa Cohen method was used to measure reliability and quality control. The coefficient of kappa is calculated equal to 776/0, which is at a valid agreement level. In order to establish and set up business in sports, providing infrastructure and appropriate social networking conditions can be an effective way to mobilize business space in the country's sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment of Pollutants in Sports Floors
sahar razzazan bagher morsal Ali Fahiminezhad hooman bahmanpourIntroduction and Objective: Nowadays, environmental quality is considered as one of the important parameters in the management of sports spaces. The presence of environmental pollutants can affect the health and efficiency of athletes.The aim of the research is to measu MoreIntroduction and Objective: Nowadays, environmental quality is considered as one of the important parameters in the management of sports spaces. The presence of environmental pollutants can affect the health and efficiency of athletes.The aim of the research is to measure the elements and toxic compounds in the granular flooring used in the sports facilities of Shahrood city.Method: This research is applied and laboratory method.Heavy elements, monomer, free hydrocarbon and phenolic compounds were measured.To measure the pollutants, ICP-OES model Vista Pro and visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometer model 1240 mini were used.The experiments were repeated three times.Time-weighted average (OEL-TWA) was used to determine the exposure limit.Results: Free isoprene with 3400 ppm and then dioctyl phthalate with 3280 ppm included the highest amount of compounds.The highest amount of the element belonged to the heavy metal tin with 125,000 ppm and copper with 75,280 ppm, respectively.The results showed that there is a big difference between the standard and the permissible limit of pollutants with the numbers obtained from the tests.2 pollutants arsenic and chromium with "confirmed human carcinogenicity" were identified in the structure of polyurethane flooring.Silica was also identified as "pollutants suspected of carcinogenicity in humans".Lead was also identified as a "confirmed animal carcinogen of unknown relevance to humans" and 12 were assessed as "not classifiable as a human carcinogen".Conclusion: Some of the elements and compounds in the structure of sports flooring have a range higher than the standards and permissible limits of exposure, which can affect the health of users and, on the other hand, have the possibility of harming the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Prioritizing factors affecting the establishment and application of green architecture standards in the sports structure of Iran
ali rezaei Ali Fahiminezhad bagher morsal hooman bahmanpourThe purpose of this research is to prioritize the factors and components affecting the use of green architecture in the sports structure of Iran. The type of research is descriptive which was done through a survey. The statistical sample was 185 people and included expe MoreThe purpose of this research is to prioritize the factors and components affecting the use of green architecture in the sports structure of Iran. The type of research is descriptive which was done through a survey. The statistical sample was 185 people and included expert experts in architecture, energy and management of sports venues and spaces. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire designed based on the green building certification (LEED, 2016). The method of scoring this tool was based on a five-point Likert scale. In order to analyze statistical data, inferential statistics methods were used. Confirmatory factor analysis using Lisrel software was used to check the construct validity of the measuring instrument, and Friedman's ranking test was used to prioritize the research items with the help of SPSS software. It showed that a total of 7 components and 23 items are considered as effective factors. From the point of view of the experts, the component "optimal technology" with a factor of (0.915) has the most importance, and the component "analysis and site selection" with a factor of (0.707) has the least importance in terms of factors affecting green architecture in Iran's sports structure. They assigned themselves. Since the adjusted goodness of fit index was 0.9, as a result, the overall fit is also confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Optimal Positioning sports centers using GIS (Case Study: Miyandoaab)
Faramarz Ghorbani Mehdi Gaghobi Yaghoub Moradi Somaeh GhorbaniOne of the main problems occur in cities, lack of proper sports centers and the location was not optimal location, That works like social injustice in the city, access to inappropriate and improper user of each other's influence has been followed. Failure to comply with MoreOne of the main problems occur in cities, lack of proper sports centers and the location was not optimal location, That works like social injustice in the city, access to inappropriate and improper user of each other's influence has been followed. Failure to comply with the principles of urbanism or the inability to implement the principles, consultants non-utilization of powerful tools for the analysis of environmental and social issues, economic and legal factors in this field is important. The purpose of this paper is to locate optimal fitness centers using a geographic information system. A case has been done on the surface Miyandoaab. Methods applied research and descriptive - analytical. The study is Miyandoaab all sports centers ,Who recognize the necessity of locating the correct and principled decision-making centers in GIS and using fuzzy logic to determine the optimum A.H.P and sports centers have been. The findings suggest that sports spaces in urban correct principles, not location And regarding the proximity of incompatible citizens is faced with serious limitations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Design and Fitting the Model for Managing Startup Businesses in Sports with a Smart City Approach
vahid rahimi seyed emad hoseini nasrollah mohamadiThe purpose of this study was to present a model of startup business management in sports. Therefore, this research is based on the purpose of basic research and has been done in terms of collecting exploratory information using the foundation data theory method. The st MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model of startup business management in sports. Therefore, this research is based on the purpose of basic research and has been done in terms of collecting exploratory information using the foundation data theory method. The statistical population included experts, professors, managers, business owners, entrepreneurs, and sports consultants in the sports industry and targeted sampling method with snowball techniques. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and the final pattern was extracted. The final model of the total conditions of causal (28 concepts and 2 categories), axial (33 concepts and 2 categories), substrates and fields (21 concepts and 2 categories), strategies (20 concepts and 2 categories), intervention (4 concepts and 1 category), and implications (17 concepts and 2 categories) manage business startup businesses in sport. The Kappa Cohen method was used to measure reliability and quality control. The kappa coefficient was calculated to equal to 0.789, which is located at a valid agreement level. According to the final pattern of research, the role of resources in business maturation is complex and is a function of how effective and effective use in the market ecosystem and company share. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Dimensions of Port Cities and Its Role in Urban Management (Case Study: Khuzestan Port Cities)
Mohammad Tavakkoli Babak Ziyae Kamal sakhdariPort cities are seen as an important link in the country's logistics chain. So that the national economy and foreign trade of the country is completely dependent on the functioning of the country's trading ports. The main purpose of this study was to identify and priori MorePort cities are seen as an important link in the country's logistics chain. So that the national economy and foreign trade of the country is completely dependent on the functioning of the country's trading ports. The main purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize effective dimensions of entrepreneurship ecosystem in Iranian port cities (a case study of Khuzestan port cities). This research is a qualitative research and the method is the case study and how to collect semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts. The statistical population is maritime transport industry experts and purposeful sampling method. The method of analyzing the data from the interviews was coded the result of this coding was done in eight dimensions and 84 indicators. Experts' validity and reliability of documenting the whole process were documented by several researchers. In the end, prioritizing the effective dimensions in the entrepreneurship ecosystem of ports was done using a hierarchical analysis process based on pairwise comparisons technique. The results showed that the most effective dimensions in the entrepreneurship ecosystem of Iran's port cities are: policy, finance, markets, stakeholders, human capital, support, natural capital and culture, all of which coincide with the systematic approach to all dimensions promote balanced and sustainable entrepreneurship development in port cities management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Prioritization of Sport Development Strategies in Shahrood City with Reverse Logistics Approach
meysam ghanbariyan Ali Fahiminezhad bagher morsal Mahdi GodarziIntroduction and purpose: Gradually, organizations and institutions for the purpose of holding sports events, as well as companies producing sports products, with the limitation of legal boundaries, will not have much choice to use reverse logistics processes in their a MoreIntroduction and purpose: Gradually, organizations and institutions for the purpose of holding sports events, as well as companies producing sports products, with the limitation of legal boundaries, will not have much choice to use reverse logistics processes in their activities. The aim of the research is to provide optimal strategies for the development of reverse logistics of sports in Shahrood city. Method: it was of mixed exploratory type; First, the effective factors on the development of reverse logistics in Shahrood sports were determined from the method of qualitative content analysis and conducting interviews with experts. 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire was compiled from the extracted components; By distributing among the statistical samples (127 people), data was collected and categories were prioritized. To determine the formal and content validity, the said questionnaire was distributed again among 11 professors and experts, and suitable suggestions were included in the final questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine reliability and its value was more than 0.70 for each variable, and the questionnaire had the necessary reliability. Findings: It showed that among the identified strategies, "politicization in Shahrood sports based on environmental goals" should be given the highest priority. Conclusion: It is suggested that systems be designed for easy return of products to the origin and be easily available to customers; Sports products should be introduced transparently to build trust; and provide the highest quality sports products and services to be effective in the development of sports activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - A Consideration of relationship between perceived effectiveness of coaches and customers’ satisfaction in Municipality`s Sports Complexes in Tehran
Tayebeh zargar Razieh SafaeiBackground & Objective: There is no doubt that, today, the success of any organization depends directly on customers’ satisfaction of organization. Any successful organization wishes to provide services that will lead to customer satisfaction. The companies an MoreBackground & Objective: There is no doubt that, today, the success of any organization depends directly on customers’ satisfaction of organization. Any successful organization wishes to provide services that will lead to customer satisfaction. The companies and institutions cannot ignore their important goals such as competitive advantage or profit making. The customer satisfaction brings about many advantages for companies. The higher levels of customer satisfaction lead to customer loyalty. In fact, the customer service is the oldest and yet most recent issue for each institution.Methodology: This was correlational and applied study which was carried out as a field study.Findings: Due to the significance of F test, it was concluded that the regression model –i-e- a combination of independent variables and dependent variable- was a good model and the independent variables could explain the changes in dependent variable. The bivariate simple linear regression results in table 3 showed that the quality improvement, would predict the customer satisfaction in Tehran Municipality's Sports Complexes.Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that the quality improvement would predict the customer satisfaction in Tehran Municipality's Sports Complexes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Evaluation the Sustainability of Urban transportation Network through Analytical Network Process (ANP)(Case Study: District 21- Tehran)
Hanyeh Tavakoli Hamid SaberiIntroduction and Goals: Sustainable transportation is comprised of an integrated set of dynamic and continuous policies and guidelines, including economical, social and environmental goals which involve fair distribution and effective use of resources in order for next MoreIntroduction and Goals: Sustainable transportation is comprised of an integrated set of dynamic and continuous policies and guidelines, including economical, social and environmental goals which involve fair distribution and effective use of resources in order for next generations and also society’s transportation requirements to be met. The effects resulted from these sections will determine the method of orientation towards this goal. Till now, no common definition has been provided for sustainability. However, both sustainable development in general, and specifically sustainable transportation are seeking to find a balance between environmental, social and economical qualities, in provision of transportation facilities. Accordingly, sustainable transportation is an approach that “Reflects socio-environmental costs”. Method: This descriptive- analytical research is based on documentary-library studies. Through ANP (analytical network process), we have tried to consider all aspects in data analysis, including internal and external relationships between the elements constituting decision network, such as all alternatives, criteria and sub-criteria; so that, a conceptual model of ANP could be developed after classification of data. Findings: ANP model including numerous clusters and alternatives has been developed via Super Decision software and the results from examinations made in the software were analyzed. Eventually, some of the results are referred to in this research, due to high volume of the outputs. Results: The results show that, in evaluation of sustainability of urban transportation network in district 21 of Tehran as a case study, following levels of priority have been obtained in respect of regions: 1- Region two, 251371/0; 2- Region one, 616064/ and 3- Region three, 132565/0. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Comparative Comparison of Factors Affecting the Willingness and Participation of Donors in the Urban Uses Sector (Case Study: Development of Sports Facilities in Golestan and Tehran provinces)
Esmaeil Deldadeh Mehraban Zynalabedin Fallah Taher Bahlakeh Asra AskariIntroduction and Purpose: The important role of financial supporters and financial supporters in helping to develop different sectors of countries is quite obvious, and donors have found a special place in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify and priori MoreIntroduction and Purpose: The important role of financial supporters and financial supporters in helping to develop different sectors of countries is quite obvious, and donors have found a special place in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the will and participation of this group of individuals in the development of sports venues and promote related per capita. For this purpose, the components identified in the two provinces of Golestan and Tehran was compared and comparatively comparable. Method: The present study is a type of applied research and a descriptive-surrounding data collection. Key points were used to identify effective factors based on the foundation's data strategy and coding. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section of the research included experts and specialists in the field of sports management. The FAHP technique was used to weight and prioritize components. Findings: A total of 112 initial codes were extracted from a total of 16 interviews, which were reduced to 13 subs -categories during the coding process, and finally 6 main categories were extracted on the basis of secondary open codes. In Golestan province, the "economic factors" category of 0.54884 had the highest importance and the "development" of 0.05222 had the lowest priority. On the other hand, the results for Tehran province showed that the category of "economic factors" weighing 0.72314 has the highest degree of importance and the "trusting" category of 0.06652 has the lowest priority. The important point is that in all two provinces that have the highest weight, the "economic conditions" are "economic conditions". Conclusion: In order to expand the qualitative and qualitative expansion of the charity culture in the community and to use the benefits and capabilities of the charity and encourage them to meet the sports needs of the community in different regions of the country, as well as guide and organize the charity's financial and specialized assistance, it is necessary to make a definite mechanism, Predict and adopt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Providing a Participatory Management Model for the Quality of Inter-City Transportation Systems
کاوه جوانی اردشیر سیاح مفضلیExtensive change in recent decades occurred in urban issues, has made responsible organizations face new practical approaches that have been definite outcome of transformations in their relative position. Understanding this important system and recognizing that urban tr MoreExtensive change in recent decades occurred in urban issues, has made responsible organizations face new practical approaches that have been definite outcome of transformations in their relative position. Understanding this important system and recognizing that urban transportation and traffic (in Tehran), like a live and dynamic organization, does not have a rooted environmental ecological and cultural model, we are providing a professional model to improve this system based on scientific methodology. This model is called « Participatory Management Model for the Quality of Inter-City Transportation Systems » and its structures are formed as a result of eight major factors within eight systems. The most important feature of these factors is the «quality and responding to citizens» is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Evaluation of safety indicators in sports uses located in urban parks (Case study: District 4 of Tehran Municipality)
Mahyasadat Farazandeh Mehr seyed mostafa tayebisani Susan Sahami ali fahimiIntroduction and purpose of the research: Compliance with safety considerations is considered as one of the most important principles of managing sports venues and spaces. The purpose of this research is to evaluate sports safety indicators in urban parks in Tehran.Rese MoreIntroduction and purpose of the research: Compliance with safety considerations is considered as one of the most important principles of managing sports venues and spaces. The purpose of this research is to evaluate sports safety indicators in urban parks in Tehran.Research Method: The present research is of the type of applied research and in terms of the method of data collection, it is descriptive-survey. Five parks were selected as study sites. Eduard & Nikolay (2014) adjusted assessment checklist was used to determine the safety status in the sports spaces of the studied parks. In order to ensure the accuracy of the evaluation, 8 experts and safety experts participated as a Delphi panel. Finally, 25 indicators were considered for evaluation. The average score is declared as the final result.Research Findings: In total, the index "possibility of presence of ambulance and rescue equipment in the sports field" has the highest rank with an average score of 3.4. On the other hand, the lowest average score in the total number of parks was assigned to 2 indicators "the presence of a fire alarm system in the sports arena" and "the presence of a permanent paramedic or a resident doctor" with a score of 1. Lavizan Park ranked first with an average score of 2.6, followed by Yas Park with an average score of 2.28. Police, Sepah and Sahel parks were ranked third to fifth with an average score of 2.27, 2.01 and 1.87 respectively.Conclusion: The parks of District 4 of Tehran municipality do not have a favorable sports safety status and it is necessary for the urban administration of Tehran and especially the studied area to pay special attention to improving the safety level in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Analysis increase effective building density on transportationnetwork of urban old textures Tabriz city
هوشنگ سرور امید مبارکی صدیقه امیریIntroduction and Aim: The analysis and study urban old texture is for important subject urban planning. One of problem nowadays in this texture was propound urban transportation. In reality urban transportation planning is propound with title effective facto MoreIntroduction and Aim: The analysis and study urban old texture is for important subject urban planning. One of problem nowadays in this texture was propound urban transportation. In reality urban transportation planning is propound with title effective factor of guidance urban development and forming with environment and advance of quality and desired urban life. Purpose research is analysis increase effective building density on transportation network of urban old textures Tabriz city. Method research: The approaches methods in this research is survey, documental and kind is application. For analysis data’s to use of GIS software. finding: The great bulk of frequentation to be accomplished in Tabriz city to pass for city center or finishing and this is with reason building density kinds of financial, commercial, educational and tourism in district.Therefore access weakness and unsuitable structure urban transportation network. and also is effective use spatial location and building density more than in urban old textures, inexpressive in public transportation network, un regular going back and forth pedestrian passerby and transport means and existent many traffic knots in increase of traffic urban old textures. Results: Therefore is proposal for improvement urban transportation system urban old texture in Tabriz city not existent method unless equilibrium middle three factor population, services and transportation planning with land use planning and perfect those with density changes. Therefore is clouding with improvement transportation management, increasing efficiency busing system and improvement pedestrian and bicycle network in cities to find an with suitability transportation in framework concentrated city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Performance Evaluation of Sport Association Board of Isfahan Province through DEA and a Championship Approach
K. Rezania F. Mokhatab Rafiei H. Shirouyehzad -
Open Access Article
156 - An assay on the los1 gene in Ascomycota
A. Azizi, V. Khalaj, M. Bayat,Ascomycota contains the most numerous groups of fungi and playing important roles in most of ecosystems. Diverse aspects of their activities, ascomycetes are known as fascinating subjects of biological studies, including exploration of new strategies for alteration of f MoreAscomycota contains the most numerous groups of fungi and playing important roles in most of ecosystems. Diverse aspects of their activities, ascomycetes are known as fascinating subjects of biological studies, including exploration of new strategies for alteration of fungal lifespan. The gene los1, directly involving in nucleus-cytoplasm tRNA trafficking, plays a critical role in fungal growth rate, as well as its drug resistance. Here, we investigated an upstream region of the gene los1; among 10 species belong to Ascomycota. Furthermore, its homologue was knocked out from Aspergillus fumigatus, and its subsequent influences on any changes in expression of some related genes and drug resistance were evaluated. Our results suggest that in Ascomycota, the upstream region of los1 contains recognition sites for transcription factors SFP1 and FKH1. There is also a low probability that the transcription factor YAP6 binds to the upstream region of this gene. Besides, its deletion may lead to increase of fungal lifespan, as well as its resistance to bleomycin, while it presents more sensitivity to cycloheximide. The results of this study can be used in more targeted and intelligent selection of fungal antibiotics. In addition, information about the role of los1 gene in the growth and lifespan of ascomycetes, as well as their drug resistance and sensitivity, can be used in the design and manufacture of industrial strains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Effect of layered sandy soil configuration on dispersion coefficient of nonreactive contaminant
روژین نگهدار Behrouz MehdinejadianiIn this research, the transport process of a non-reactive contaminant through layered sandy soils and dispersion coefficient behavior in different configurations of these soils were investigated. Tracer tests included pollution and leaching experiments conducted in a sa MoreIn this research, the transport process of a non-reactive contaminant through layered sandy soils and dispersion coefficient behavior in different configurations of these soils were investigated. Tracer tests included pollution and leaching experiments conducted in a sandbox with dimensions of 130 cm×10 cm×60 cm. Three types of homogeneous sandy soils (coarse, medium and fine) as a control and six types of layered sandy soils were studied.The results showed that in the homogeneous sandy soils, the dispersion coefficient increased with increasing particle size of sand. For example, the dispersion coefficients of the coarse sandy soil in the pollution and leaching experiments were 8.46 and 7.91 orders of magnitude larger than the dispersion coefficients of the fine sandy soil, respectively. In the layered sandy soils, the type of configuration and the order of layers at each configuration influenced dispersion coefficient. In the pollution and leaching experiments, the least values of dispersion coefficients were equal to 12.50 cm2/min and 17.16 cm2/min, respectively, which were observed in the perpendicular configuration with stratification of coarse-medium-fine. However, the most values of dispersion coefficients in the pollution and leaching experiments were equal to 32.56 cm2/min and 37.31 cm2/min, respectively, which were obtained in the parallel configuration with stratification of coarse-fine- medium (from bottom to top). The dispersion coefficients of the layered sandy soils differed significantly from those of the homogeneous sandy soils. The transport process in the layered sandy soils, compared to the homogeneous sandy soils, had a more deviation from Fickian transport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Experimental Investigation and Evaluation Results of Numerical Simulation and Analytical Solution of classical ADE for conservative solutes
alireza emadi yaghoub azhdan jafar chabokpour Rasoul daneshfarazThe longitudinal dispersion coefficient from the perspective of public safety and human health, is one of the important parameters for predicting and characterizing the transport of pollution in rivers and shallow waters. This paper aimed at investigating the efficiency MoreThe longitudinal dispersion coefficient from the perspective of public safety and human health, is one of the important parameters for predicting and characterizing the transport of pollution in rivers and shallow waters. This paper aimed at investigating the efficiency of the classical advection- dispersion Equation for predicting transport of pollution in a gravel bed rivers. Some tracer experiments were done in a flume with longitudinal slopes of (S= 0.001, 0.007) and five discharges include of (7.5, 11.5, 15.5, 20.5, 25.5) lit/sec. Simulated (OTIS) and analytical breakthrough curves were compared with observed data. The results of this study indicated that advection- dispersion equation in prediction of tailing edge of breakthrough curve has less accuracy. So it not be used in rivers with storage area but it is very helpful to estimate initial value of longitudinal dispersion coefficient. The calculated dispersion coefficient increased with augmentation distance from the injection site. The domain of estimated dispersion coefficient for the tracer test of this research is between (0.0073- 0.18) m2/sec. the results of calculating travel time parameters from experimental BT curves showed an exponential relationship between them and the distance from the injection site. Finally, using a geometric, hydraulic, and tracer test data and applying a Buckinghamۥ π theorem a new equation was developed to predict the longitudinal dispersion coefficient. The relative error and normalized root mean square error for the proposed equation were calculated respectively 24% and 1.37. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Evaluating Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Bromide Transport in Forest and Rangeland Soils on a Laboratory-Scale
Nima Golabizadeh MOHAMMADREZA DALAIAN Shahram Shahmohammadi Kalalagh Maryam Hajrasouli Siamak SaediBackground and Aim: to better management of solute transport in porous media, it is essential to recognize their transport behavior using appropriate models. In this research, convection-dispersion equation (CDE) and mobile-immobile model (MIM), as physical equilibrium MoreBackground and Aim: to better management of solute transport in porous media, it is essential to recognize their transport behavior using appropriate models. In this research, convection-dispersion equation (CDE) and mobile-immobile model (MIM), as physical equilibrium and non-equilibrium models, respectively, were used to simulate the bromide transport through saturated and unsaturated forest soil, with clay loam texture, and rangeland soil, with sandy loam texture, columns (diameter of 6 and height of 10 cm).Method: to obtain the BTCs, the PVC soil columns with a height of 10 and a diameter of 6 cm were prepared. The breakthrough experiment was carried out in near saturation and saturated condition under a water head of -1 and 3 cm, respectively. The soil columns were saturated from the bottom with a Ca(NO3)2 solution of 0.01 molar as the background solution. At near saturation, the CaBr2 solution with a concentration of 0.01 M equal to a pore volume was injected into the saturated columns of the background solution through the infiltration disk. A Mariotte bottle was used to establish a constant water head. After CaBr2 injection started, the effluents with a volume of 0.1 pore volume were collected at different times, and their bromide concentrations were determined using a pH-meter equipped with a bromide selector electrode. After the complete injection of CaBr2, the steady-state saturated flow of the background solution was re-established. The experiment continued until the bromide concentration in the effluent were almost zero. The measured concentrations, by dividing by the initial concentration, were converted to relative concentrations (C/Co). Then the BTCs was plotted as C/Co versus time or the number of pore volumes.Results: The values of mass transfer coefficient (ω<100) and mobile water fraction (β<1) as an indicator for determining the equilibrium and non-equilibrium indicated that bromide transport behavior within these columns was anomalous or non-Fickian transport. Hence, the non-equilibrium or the mobile-immobile model (MIM) is suitable and more efficient than the Fickian-based CDE model. The fitted breakthrough curves (BTCs) and the higher determination coefficient (R2) and the lower root mean square error (RMSE) values of the MIM model compared to those of the CDE confirmed the effectiveness of the MIM model in simulating bromide transport in the forest and rangeland soil columns.Conclusion: Better fit of measured and estimated breakthrough curves of bromide with non-equilibrium model compared to CDE equilibrium model, especially in the tail of breakthrough curves indicates more accuracy and the should be added efficiency of the non-equilibrium model. Given that the samples were replaced in the columns as disturbed, it can be said that heterogeneity conditions were established in the columns experiments. According to Huang et al. (2005) and Berkowitz et al. (2008), heterogeneity could be one of the reasons to justify the better performance of non-equilibrium models in the present study. The high efficiency of the non-equilibrium model compared to the equilibrium model in this controlled laboratory research cannot be a reliable judgment in evaluating these models. Accurate judgment will depend on conducting research and experiments in real and field conditions, taking into account more effective parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Modeling total sediment load in rivers using artificial neural networks
Amin Falamaki Mahnaz Eskandari Abdolhossein Baghlani Seyed Ahmad AhmadiEstimating total sediment load in rivers is an important and practical issue for water resources planning and management. The sediment concentration can be calculated by both direct and indirect measurements, but direct methods are usually costly and time-consuming. Fur MoreEstimating total sediment load in rivers is an important and practical issue for water resources planning and management. The sediment concentration can be calculated by both direct and indirect measurements, but direct methods are usually costly and time-consuming. Further, total sediment load can be determined by several sediment load transport models. These equations, however, are applicable in certain circumstances, and in most cases the outcomes do not agree with each other and with measured data. The objective of this study was to propose a method based on artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict total sediment load concentration. Consequently, two ANNs including multilayer perceptrone (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) with 200 data were used for the modeling purposes. For training and testing the ANN models, 75 and 25 percent of data were used, respectively. The input variables were designated to be average flow velocity, average depth, water surface slope, canal width and median particle diameter of sediment, while the models output was total sediment load concentration. The input variables were included to the models step wisely and the results were evaluated to find out the most suitable ANN models. The predicted values were then compared with five known sediment load transport equations. The conducted statistical analyses indicated that ANNs models in particular MLP can provide better prediction for total sediment load with correlation coefficient of 0.96. It was further concluded that to enhance the accuracy of ANN model, training of the network should be accomplished using both hydrological and sediment data. The Ackers and White equation was very overestimating the total sediment load, while all other equations were underestimating. Based on the results obtained in this study, the ANN-based models provide better concurrence with the observed data, particularly MLP network which can reasonably well predict the peak point of total sediment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Survey of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of athletes related to sports drinks and electrolytes in hydration status
M. Asafari M. Hozoori Z. SheikhiZadehIntroduction: Replacement of fluids excreted during exercise play an important role in in the success of athletes. However, according to the studies, knowledge and attitude about fluid intake are insufficient, and sometimes this lack of awareness leads to death. Therefo MoreIntroduction: Replacement of fluids excreted during exercise play an important role in in the success of athletes. However, according to the studies, knowledge and attitude about fluid intake are insufficient, and sometimes this lack of awareness leads to death. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and behavior of athletes about sport drinks.Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 18 sports clubs in Qom were randomly selected and 272 researcher-made questionnaires were distributed among the athletes. The questionnaire contained demographic questions and also included 14 questions about knowledge, 9 questions about attitude and 7 questions about practice. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined by assessment experts and Cronbach's alpha (N=24, α=0.83). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test.Results: In this study, 48% of the people know thirst is the best index for drinking water during exercise and 63% were unaware of the positive effects of sugary drinks on athletic performance. The number of athletes that preferred water to other beverages was 75% and about 70% had no attitude about adding carbohydrates. Also, age and education did not have correlations with level of awareness.Conclusion: The findings of this study show that athletes had incorrect attitude about fluid intake and it has caused dangerous consequences such as death. Therefore, education and training for athletes and their coaches to increase their sport activity with respect to nutritional awareness is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - The Effect of 6 Weeks Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Aerobic Endurance, Peak power, Minimum Power, Average Power and Fatigue Index in Football Players
ایمان Mohseni عباسعلی GaeiniIntroduction: Appropriate nutrition is an essential prerequisite for effective improvement of athletic performance, conditioning and recovery from fatigue after exercise, and avoidance of injury. Nutritional supplements containing carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and MoreIntroduction: Appropriate nutrition is an essential prerequisite for effective improvement of athletic performance, conditioning and recovery from fatigue after exercise, and avoidance of injury. Nutritional supplements containing carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals have been widely used in various sporting fields to provide a boost to the recommended daily allowance. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring, lipid-soluble compound that has been marketed for use by endurance athletes as an ergogenic aid. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of coQ10 dietary supplementation on athletics’ physiological factors such as: aerobic power, peak power, min power, average power and fatigue index. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, we studied 20men football players (age30±2.22, weight 72.85±8.64kg, height175.75±6.04cm, BMI23.50±1.90). Double-blind, placebo controlled method was employed. Players were divided randomly into two groups, oral CoQ10 group (DG) and placebo group (PG). Players in both groups performed RAST and Cooper test both before and after giving 100mg per day CoQ10 or placebo for 6 weeks to determine physiological factors such as aerobic power, peak power, min power, average power and fatigue index. We used paired t test and independent t test to analyze the data. Independent t test were performed and p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: DG group demonstrated improvements in aerobic endurance over the course of the study and there was significant difference (P=0.016) between the two groups. Supplementation with CoQ10 has no measurable effect on peak power (P=0.933), min power (P=0.258), average power (P=0.625) and fatigue index (P=0.569). Conclusion: Oral CoQ10 has measurable effect on aerobic endurance. The result of this study showed that at the end of the six week there was no difference between the two groups concerning peak power, min power, average power, and fatigue index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Assessing the Impact of Intelligent Transportation Systems on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions: A Case Study of the Karaj-Chalous Corridor in Iran
Mohammad Reza Samavi Mostafa Panahi Zahra Abedi Majid AhmadianBackground and Objective: The current research is an applied research in terms of classification based on the purpose. The purpose of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a specific field. Materials and Methodology: Also, the current research is a descri MoreBackground and Objective: The current research is an applied research in terms of classification based on the purpose. The purpose of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a specific field. Materials and Methodology: Also, the current research is a descriptive-correlation research in terms of method and nature. The statistical population of this research is the cars that traveled during eight busy days of September, from 1 am to 24 pm, in Karaj Chalus axis in 2018 during the study period, and no other specific sampling was done. All calculations and analyzes were done using Excel and 10Eviews software. Findings: The results showed that the use of the intelligent transportation system leads to a reduction in travel time on the Karaj-Chalos corridor and consequently reduced gas emissions. carbon dioxide (CO2). Discussion and Conclusion: The findings showed that the use of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) in the 8 days of the study has led to a reduction of 2521 tons of carbon dioxide emissions in the Karaj-Chalos axis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Estimation of Air Pollution Caused by Public Transport Yazd City
Zahra Nasrollahi Haniye poushdouzbashiBackground and Objective: Today, urban sprawl and the desire for urbanization have increased the need for people to use transportation, and therefore, the existence of a safe, efficient and economical public transportation system, with the least bio-destructive effects, MoreBackground and Objective: Today, urban sprawl and the desire for urbanization have increased the need for people to use transportation, and therefore, the existence of a safe, efficient and economical public transportation system, with the least bio-destructive effects, is a necessary step towards sustainable development. It seams the urban transport is one of the main areas of economic development; an issue that emphasizes the need for proper planning in the field of urban transportation. Therefore, this article has been compiled with the aim of investigating air pollution caused by public transport in Yazd city and estimating the pollution caused by them in this route. Method: The data required for this study were collected by refer to relevant organizations and also field visit of the drivers, then for estimation and analysis software Excel were used. Findings: The results show that the traffic of public transport in the city of Yazd cause annual emissions of 306 tons of particulate matter, 730 tons of Hydrocarbons, 1,424 tons of carbon monoxide, 68,934 tons of carbon dioxide, 389 tons of sulfur dioxide and 4 tons of sulfur trioxide and 666 tons monoxide is nitrogen. Discussion and Conclusion: Rail transport is recommended as appropriate and practical way to improve the traffic situation in the city of Yazd, high efficiency velocity and efficiency of private vehicles and the costs and reduction of pollution is the benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Study Views of Climbing Sport Tourists of Ilam City Residents in Order to Develop Tourism with Emphasis on the Safety of Tourists (Case study: mountainous area of Gachan)
javad alibeygi behrouz sepidnamehBackground and Objective: In this study, the views of mountaineering sports tourists living in the city of Ilam in the mountainous region of Gachan in order to plan for the development of tourism with emphasis on the security of tourists have been studied. Method: The MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, the views of mountaineering sports tourists living in the city of Ilam in the mountainous region of Gachan in order to plan for the development of tourism with emphasis on the security of tourists have been studied. Method: The research is an applied research, the methods of data collection is descriptive and analytic, the methods of data analysis is conducted both descriptive and inferential statistics (T & Friedman test).The Statistical Society is consisted of climbing sport tourists of Gachan mountainous area that has been obtained 77 tourists with the use of available sampling or random method. Findings: Based on the findings, Men (66 percent) accounted for the highest percentage of respondents and the largest age group of respondents is between the ages of "25 to 44 year". Tourists often have a bachelor's degree level (37.7 percent) and Diploma (22.1 percent). The origin location of the most Mountaineer tourists is the city of Ilam. Employees (8/33 percent) have formed the highest number of respondents. Most tourists (4/84 percent) access to the area Gachan with private vehicle.Tourists visit the area often "with family" (9/51 percent) and "with friends" (1.22 percent). Often of tourists are agreeing to pay 5,000 rials to 15,000 rials in the right input. Tourists have been reported the main motivations and reasons for choosing the region "tourism, sport and health". Disscousion and Conclusion: Also, hypothesis test results indicate that in general, level of insecurity in Gachan area for tourists is higher than average which can have a negative effect on tourism and sports tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Investigating the Effect of Noise on Temporal Prediction of Grouneater Flow and Contaminant Transport in Porous Media using Artificial Intelligence Models
Shahram Mousavi Vahid Nourani Mohammad Taghi AlamiBackground and Objective: Uncertainties of the field parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and dispersion coefficient, unknown boundary conditions and the noise of the measured data are among the main limiting factors in the groundwater flow and contaminant transpor MoreBackground and Objective: Uncertainties of the field parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and dispersion coefficient, unknown boundary conditions and the noise of the measured data are among the main limiting factors in the groundwater flow and contaminant transport (GFCT) modeling. Method: Miandoab plain was investigated as a case study for simulating groundwater level (GL) and chloride concentration (CC). This paper presents an artificial intelligence-meshless model for temporal GFCT modeling. In this study, time series of groundwater level (GL) and chloride concentration (CC) observed at different piezometers of Miyandoab plain (in Iran) were firstly de-noised by the wavelet-based data de-noising approach. Then, the effect of noisy and de-noised data on the performance of artificial intelligence model was compared. For this end, time series of GL and CC observed in 14 different piezometers were trained and verified via artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models to predict the GL and CC at one month ahead. Findings: The results showed that the threshold-based wavelet de-noising approach can enhance the performance of the modeling up to 25%. Reliability of ANFIS model is more than ANN model in both calibration and verification stages duo to the efficiency of fuzzy concept to overcome the uncertainties of the phenomenon. Discussion and Conclusion: Waveletde-noising approach as a data preprocessing method enhances the performance of the artificial intelligence model in temporal modeling of GFCT. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Design of a Sports Park in Hamedan by Applying of Development Urban Social Vitality Approach
Bahareh Khorram Nasim Sahraei Nejad mohsen kafiBackground and Objective: Sustainable social development in any society definitely depends on having happy and vibrant citizens, which unfortunately today, due to various social, cultural and political issues on the one hand and the reduction of social interactions of c MoreBackground and Objective: Sustainable social development in any society definitely depends on having happy and vibrant citizens, which unfortunately today, due to various social, cultural and political issues on the one hand and the reduction of social interactions of citizens and the lack of suitable context for activities. Public in urban spaces On the other hand, we witness several problems, including the reduction of the phenomenon of social vitality in cities, which is one of the main concerns of urban planners and urban management systems. The city of Hamedan is no exception to this rule and is mainly exposed to social harms due to the lack of suitable spaces and facilities for social interactions. The purpose of this study is to bring humans closer to nature and urban green spaces and increase social vitality through urban park design. Material and Methodology: This research is qualitative in terms of data and applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method of research and has been collected through library studies and field research. A questionnaire for measuring participants' opinions is also a questionnaire. In May 2018, 383 people living in the city of Hamedan were randomly collected through which the type of attitude and the need for citizens to develop social vitality and public sports through the design of a sports park was assessed. Findings: One of the main findings of this research is in fact emphasizing the direct impact of the existence and design of a sports park and the development and promotion of public sports in Hamadan on increasing urban social vitality. This study show that due to the shortage of available facilities for citizens in this region for public sport activities, design of sport parks, in addition to increasing the urban visual qualities and also various social interactions in urban areas, can help the development and promotion of public sports culture, upgrading public mental and emotional comfort as well as increasing urban social vitality. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to design the desired sports park based on standard principles and criteria and with the aim of promoting the culture of public sports and increasing social vitality in urban spaces, and in this regard, the cooperation of various media and related institutions and finally architects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - The effect of human resource management and green supply chain on the sustainable performance of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization with the mediating role of organizational sustainability
Davar Khaksar boldaji, majid soleymani , adel afkarBackground and Objective: The aim of the research was to determine the effect of green human resource management and green supply chain on the sustainable performance of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization with the mediating role of organizational sustainability.Materi MoreBackground and Objective: The aim of the research was to determine the effect of green human resource management and green supply chain on the sustainable performance of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization with the mediating role of organizational sustainability.Material and Methodology: descriptive research is correlational and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population was formed by the employees of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization (2610 people) and the statistical sample was considered to be 335 people based on Morgan's table and available. The questionnaires of human resource management by Zayed et al. (2018), Sabze supply chain by Zayed et al. (2018), organizational sustainability by Karkulian et al. (2016), sustainable performance by Zayed et al. (2018) were used. Structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach was used to analyze the data, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to check the validity of the questionnaire. SPSS software version 24 and Smart Pls software version 3 were used for the statistical analysis of this research.Findings: The results of the research showed that green human resource management has a significant positive effect on the organizational sustainability of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization. The green supply chain has a significant positive effect on the sustainable performance and organizational sustainability of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization. Organizational sustainability has a significant positive effect on the sustainable performance of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization. Organizational sustainability has a significant mediating role as a result of green human resource management and green supply chain on the sustainable performance of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this research can be used and applied in order to improve the sustainable performance of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization in the field of environmental factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Sustainable urban development with an emphasis on pedestrian movement in Asia
Malihe Ahmadi Farah HabibThe Industrial Revolution in the 19th century (A.D.) was one of the turning points in thehistory of mankind, which brought about many changes and evolutions in all aspects of human life. The invention of automobile had a strong and undeniable effect on different aspects MoreThe Industrial Revolution in the 19th century (A.D.) was one of the turning points in thehistory of mankind, which brought about many changes and evolutions in all aspects of human life. The invention of automobile had a strong and undeniable effect on different aspects of life. Theincrease in transportation speed in urban regions changed the cities drastically and influenced all cityfunctions. In addition, the increase in transportation systems in cities not only leads to unrecoverable energy consumption, but also pollutes the environment and threatens the people living in urban areas.Moreover, the considerable young population in Asian cities is another point justifying the necessityof the present study. The increasing growth of the population in cities and the vast number of vehicles as well asthe increase in the share of roads in the texture of the cities have all brought about a variety ofproblems for the modern cities, which should be solved by devising new and effective policies.Attention to humans as the most important factor in the formation of cities and to their basic needssuch as movement and health, and enhancement of their social life are the main objectives of thisstudy. To this end, issues such as transportation in Asian cities with an emphasis on the role ofwalking in cities were studied and new solutions were presented for the improvement of sidewalks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - An Environmental Pattern for Sustainable Urban Transportation Planning Using a Dynamics System Model
Mahdi Ostadi Jafari Amir Abbas RassafiAcceptance of a worldwide sustainable development strategy result is the need to design the relevant comprehensive measures. Furthermore، the inevitable complication in economical، social and environmental interactions and their effects on the society needs efficient ur MoreAcceptance of a worldwide sustainable development strategy result is the need to design the relevant comprehensive measures. Furthermore، the inevitable complication in economical، social and environmental interactions and their effects on the society needs efficient urban system models. The current study، utilizing a dynamics system model، presents an approach to simulate cause and effect relationships between transportation and those parts of the society that usually considered in sustainable development studies. A management scheme for Mashhad is suggested to improve environmental indicators by evaluating the forecasted 15 scenarios during the years 2009 to 2029. In this evaluation، increasing cost of energy contents and limitation for single occupancy vehicles، have the most environmental effects as well as the ability to minimize the growth of environmental measures during 20 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Comparison of Fractal Geometry and Kriging Methods to Estimate the Effect of Length Scale on Dispersivity of Reactive Elements in Soil
Yasser Hosseini Behrouz Mehdi nejadianiBackground and Objectives: Hydrodynamic dispersion rate of solutes in soil is considered as the major parameter for pollution and solutes transport in soil, which is related to pollutant transport distance. As fractal geometry theory and geostatistical theory are capabl MoreBackground and Objectives: Hydrodynamic dispersion rate of solutes in soil is considered as the major parameter for pollution and solutes transport in soil, which is related to pollutant transport distance. As fractal geometry theory and geostatistical theory are capable of explaining and predicting the distance-related phenomena, this research used fractal geometry and geostatistics method for determining dispersivity. Methods: Solutes transport experiment was carried out at 16 points of soil vertical column with a diameter of 10 centimeters and a length of 1 meter and BTCs were extracted at the depth of 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 54, 48, 60, 66, 72, 78, 90, 84, 96 centimeters from the model bottom. CDE equation was then fitted with the BTCs with respect to the fractal assumptions on dispersivity coefficients. Findings: With respect to phosphorus absorption experiments in soil, phosphorus adsorption isotherm had the best fitting at 4, 12, 25, 50, 70 mg/l of phosphorus concentrations. The results showed that both methods are capable of predicting changes and increase of dispersivity coefficient in soil column after performing a mean-comparison test. However, fractal geometry method estimated values at a higher accuracy. Discussion and Conclusion: Result showed that, dispersivity along the sample followed the exponential relation. The regression coefficients of the fractal and geostatistical models in predicting dispersivity values were 0.97 and 0.84, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - The Study of Sustainable Development of Transportation in Iran Using a Multi-Criteria Analysis
Amir Abbas Rassafi Shima ZarabadipourIt is now evident that uncontrolled growth and development will have negative consequences. Sustainable development is indeed a solution to this problem. It is a multi-faceted approach, which extensively involves many aspects of human life. Transportation -- as a vital MoreIt is now evident that uncontrolled growth and development will have negative consequences. Sustainable development is indeed a solution to this problem. It is a multi-faceted approach, which extensively involves many aspects of human life. Transportation -- as a vital part of todays life -- that strongly interacts with all other key dimensions of societies appears in many sustainability-related studies. In a viewpoint, sustainable transportation is considered to include three main dimensions, namely economy, environment and social aspects. In this viewpoint, sustainable transportation is achieved by establishing balance and concordance among these dimensions. In this study, the interaction between transportation and the tripartite dimensions is analyzed. Sustainable development is qualitative in nature, and many studies have been conducted to quantify it. However, few studies have been done in this field at a national level. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze sustainable transportation more quantitatively and at a national level. To this end, relevant indicators for Iran are introduced, and then using a multi-criteria approach -- the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) --, sustainable transportation policies are assessed and ranked Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Examining the Mutual Effect between Urban Transportation (Subway, B.R.T) and Urban Density by GIS based on Land and Housing Indicators (Case study: Tehran, region 8)
Hadi Ashnaei Aliraza Gharagozlu Alireza Vafaee nejadBackground and purpose: Scattering the urban diverse applications and their compression intensity in level and height (density) are the determinant how to meet the citizens' needs, because, for using the urban facilities they are inevitable to move toward these applicat MoreBackground and purpose: Scattering the urban diverse applications and their compression intensity in level and height (density) are the determinant how to meet the citizens' needs, because, for using the urban facilities they are inevitable to move toward these applications. Subway and B.R.T are two mass public transportation systems with less traffic interference which transfer people within the territory of a city and also impose more expenses to city than other transportation systems, for practicing their infrastructures. Since more intensity of applications leads to more effective transportation systems, in contrary, and more efficient transportation system leads to more residential and activities growth around this system, thus, these two entities must be studied, designed and exercised coordinated. Methods: Due to the existence of both transportation systems in Tehran, Tehran pars, region 8, this case study was done there, also, for more precise identification of the relation between public transportation system (subway and B.R.T.) and density of various applications and by virtue of its location's nature, geographical information system and Arc GIS software were used. 153 urban blocks were analyzed statistically in this area by OLS in ARC GIS by the significance level of 0.05. In this analysis, each dependent variable, difference during implementation of the system and difference between eligible and inaccessible blocks to the system, the method is used in this study (Diff-Diff). Findings: The result shows the increase in annual rate of residential density, number of floors and population density under the impact of subway, includes 0.05%, 0.072 floor and 0.001 person per square meter, respectively, also it shows the increase on the number of floors indicator by -0.05 floor within the area of BRT stations. Discassion and Conclusion: Relation between subway and urban density is significant but relation between B.R.T and urban density is not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Landuse Environmental location for Optimization of Urban Transportation Using GIS
Mehrdad Hadipour Morteza NaderiBackground and Objective: Environmental balance between transportation and urban landuse components of planning is very important, because they have great impact on each other. As transportation is one of the most important infrastructures of a city, its location-alloca MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental balance between transportation and urban landuse components of planning is very important, because they have great impact on each other. As transportation is one of the most important infrastructures of a city, its location-allocation is important for urban planning.Overall objective of this study is "Development of a GIS approach to plan appropriate locations for main urban landuses in the transportation network. Arak (a developing city in Iran) has been chosen as the case study. Method: This research includes the design and development of a model in the GIS environment with a view to introducing the development areas of Arak city for optimal urban use of urban areas with the aim of increasing the efficiency of urban transport and reducing environmental impacts. The research methodology has focused on the calculation and mapping of fuel consumption, air and noise pollution in the urban transportation network and the proper deployment of users. Findings: The results indicate the efficiency of the designed model for the proper location of the transportation network and urban utilities. Obtained maps show there are a lot of non-suitable zones for most of urban landuses. The results focus on the approaches such as road type change and location changes of the landuses locations to reduce environmental hazards. Discursion and Counclusion: This research has successfully managed development of a scientific approach for current and future model development. This approach can be employed in landuses and transportation network development. Suitability assessment can be done at both the local and national structure plan levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Effects of physic-chemical characteristics of municipal waste on the estimation of collecting vehicles using WAGS software Case study municipality No.22, Tehran
Abdoreza Karbasi Sayed Masoud Monavari Ghasemali Omrani Leila ZaheriUncontrolled urban developments on one hand and changes in the pattern of consumption on the other hand has faced human kind with unexpected environmental pollution and undoubtedly waste production is amongst the very significant sources of environmental pollution which MoreUncontrolled urban developments on one hand and changes in the pattern of consumption on the other hand has faced human kind with unexpected environmental pollution and undoubtedly waste production is amongst the very significant sources of environmental pollution which is created by human kind. Therefore, modern solid waste management is necessary to overcome the created problem. Such management should carefully consider various aspects of waste generation, storage, collection, transport, recycle and final disposal. Among these, one should admit that the higher cost of waste management belongs to transport of wastes. This includes both collections from residential areas, their transportation to transfer stations and finally transport to the landfill. In the present investigation, municipality No.22 of Tehran city is selected to examine cost of transport using WAGS software. The results show that the highest percentages of total transport cost is allocated to the wages of personal (almost 74%). The other components such as vehicles, repairs, full and others have a share of 16, 6, 3 and 1% of the total cost of collection and transporting of solid wastes. The overall expenditures of waste collection are about 44140 million Rails which indicates the need for additional investment equal to 36470 million Rails to the year 2020. At present the cost of collection and transportation of wastes to the transfer station is about 75 Rials/Kg. This amount encompasses all personal, vehicles, fuel and other associated costs. It is estimated that above mentioned cost increase from 75 to 81 Rials/Kg in the year 2020. At present each family has to pay 85640 Rials/year as a cost of collection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Study of land use and urban development effects on rapid mass transportation system
Mohsen Aghdas Vatankhah Fereydoun GharibA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies MoreA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies and usually rails. The role of such systems and their effect on urban planning and residential areas development are important because often they do not have the limitations of other modes of transportation; therefore, they minimize the time of travelling from the city’s main administrative and trade centers to major residential areas. And this factor has mutual effects on travel demands on the one hand and urban development on the other hand. This article is part of a more comprehensive study and only investigates the effects of various land uses and urban design role in decreasing or increasing transportation demands and the three important factors affecting such demands. Theses factors are spatial organization, density zoning, and urban design and its effects on transportation demands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Investigating Environmental Management of Municipal Waste Transport in Yazd City Using WAGS Software
Naeimeh Hekmatnia Abdulreza Karbassi Seyyed Ehsan Hatef Seyyed Iman HatefIntroduction: Uncontrolled urban development on one hand and changes in the pattern of consumption on the other hand has faced human with unexpected environmental pollution .Un-doubtfully waste production is among the very significant sources of environmental pollution MoreIntroduction: Uncontrolled urban development on one hand and changes in the pattern of consumption on the other hand has faced human with unexpected environmental pollution .Un-doubtfully waste production is among the very significant sources of environmental pollution which is created by man. Therefore, modern solid waste management is necessary to overcome the created problem. Such management should carefully consider various aspects of waste generation, storage, collection, transportation, recovery, recycling and final disposal. Among these costs the highest costs of waste management belongs to transportation. This includes both collections from residential areas and transporting to transfer stations and finally transporting to the landfill. Methods: In the present investigation, municipality Yazd city is selected to examine cost of transporting using the WAGS software. Result and discussion: The results show that the highest percentages of total transportation cost is allocated to the wages of personnel (almost 51%). The other components such as vehicles, repairs, full and others have a share of 39, 4, 2 and 1% of the total cost of collection and transportation of solid wastes. Conclusion:The overall expenditures of waste collection is about 176700 million Rails that is indicative of need for additional investment equal to 151497 million Rails to the year 2022.At present the cost of collection and transportation of wastes to the transfer station is about 260 Rails/Kg. This amount encompasses all personnel, vehicle, fuel and other associated costs. It is estimated that above mentioned cost will increase from 260 to 210 Rails/Kg in the year 2022.At present each family has to pay 67570 Rails/year as a cost of collection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Strategic factors affecting investment in the freight industry
Parviz Turani Qazvini Asghar Moshabaki Hamidreza Saeed Nia Ali BadizadehDespite the high importance of the impact of the freight road transport industry on the development of the country's economy, statistical data indicate a low level of large public and private sector investment in this industry in proportion to the unique capacities and MoreDespite the high importance of the impact of the freight road transport industry on the development of the country's economy, statistical data indicate a low level of large public and private sector investment in this industry in proportion to the unique capacities and geostrategic position of Iran. Therefore, the study is going to identify the strategic factors affecting macro-investment in the road freight industry in Iran. This research is of exploratory-applied nature, interpretive-structural paradigm and mixed approach (quality-commercial). Data collection sources in the qualitative phase of articles are upstream documents, interviews and in the quantitative phase are questionnaires; method of data analysis in the qualitative data phase of the article is data-based and systematic using Max QD software and in the quantitative phase is structural equations using LISREL software. Elites and experts in the field of Commodity road transport were identified and selected by snowball method. According to the findings of this study, the most important strategies in the Commodity road transport industry are:1. Improve business climate;2. Do market research;3. Smart making;4. Improving Behavioral Patterns;5. Use of modern technology and equipment;6. Infrastructure development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Developing a Sport Clubs Financing Model with a Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP)
majid mokhlesi hoz sorkhi Rahmat Alizadeh seyed ali nabavi chashmi bardia behniaThe growing tendency of the community to exercise and the need to consume sporting goods and services has made the sports industry experience a significant income-generating trend and play a significant role in the economy of any country Therefore, developing a model fo MoreThe growing tendency of the community to exercise and the need to consume sporting goods and services has made the sports industry experience a significant income-generating trend and play a significant role in the economy of any country Therefore, developing a model for financing sports clubs in Iran is very important. As a result, this study seeks to provide a model for funding sports clubs through an analysis hierarchical process. In this study, six criteria are media (including 6 sub-criteria), tournament revenues (including 6 sub-criteria), business revenues (including 12 sub-criteria), financial support and state aid (including 5 sub-criteria), infrastructure (including 5 sub-criteria). The monetary and financial markets (including 5 sub-criteria) have been selected for the final analysis by reviewing the research literature. The results showed that among the overall criteria for the pattern of financing a sports club, the media criterion with a weight of 0.33 was the most important. In other words, media revenues are considered the most important criterion in the finance model. The results also showed that the monetary and financial markets are of the lowest importance of the overall criteria of the financing model. In addition, the results showed that among the criteria mentioned above, having a dedicated stadium and membership fee and forming a fan club were the least important with a significance level of 0.43 and 0.02, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Designing a balanced development model for the freight transport industry based on strategic capital management
Parviz Turani Qazvini Asghar Moshabaki Hamidreza Saeed Nia Ali BadizadehFor a long time now, the development of capital, the growth of economic growth, the development of economic relations and exchanges, and in a general definition, the production of wealth for countries, has been of great importance. Despite the high importance of the imp MoreFor a long time now, the development of capital, the growth of economic growth, the development of economic relations and exchanges, and in a general definition, the production of wealth for countries, has been of great importance. Despite the high importance of the impact of the freight transport industry in the development of the country's economy, statistical data indicate the low development of this industry in proportion to existing capacities and geostrategic position of Iran's territory, therefore, the main issue of the present study. "Designing a model for the development of the road freight transport industry is based on the strategic management of capital." This research has an exploratory-applied nature; With interpretive-structural paradigm; The approach combined with the qualitative methods of data is the basis and the quantitative method is structural equations. Max QD software and in a small phase structural equations using LISREL software.The statistical population of this study was the elites and experts in the field of road freight transport, which was identified and selected by the snowball method and continued until the theoretical saturation of this process. Based on the findings of this study, the dimensions of the model are: knowledge and research; Promoting behavioral patterns; Improving business environment processes; Process intelligence; Use of modern technology and equipment; Infrastructure development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Financial Institutes for Financing Infrastructure Transport Projects through Capital Market of Iran
Mohammad Hashem Botshekan Fereshteh Rahimi AlmasiThe objective of this research is to study the necessary financial institutions for financing the infrastructure transport projects in Iran through the capital market. This study uses a mixed method. To prepare a primary framework, a systematic review was done and sever MoreThe objective of this research is to study the necessary financial institutions for financing the infrastructure transport projects in Iran through the capital market. This study uses a mixed method. To prepare a primary framework, a systematic review was done and several half-structured interviews were undertaken with experts. To approve the primary framework, a survey of expert was done in a way that in the fields of roads, capital market and university, 42 questionnaires were filled, 28 interviews were carried out and 9 group meetings were held. Subsequently, the qualitative and quantitative results were compared and concluded according to the triangulation method. According to the experts consensus: undertaking some of securities charges, provision of emergency loans, guarantee syndication with banks, act as a reinsurer, support the formation of protection and indemnity association for the transportation industry, and issuance of insurance securities were proposed to be done by the Transport Development Fund. Furthermore doing the asset management of the Transport Development Fund by an expert institution and the development of Project infrastructure funds were emphasized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - مطالعه ای در مورد راه حل های تحلیلی معادله دیفرانسیل با مشتقات جزئی
راضیه قاسمی مقدم سعید عباسبندی محسن رستمی مال خلیفهدر مقاله حاضر، با در نظر گرفتن مشتق تعمیمیافته هاکوهارا، جوابهای موجی سفری فازی را برای معادله حملونقل خطی فازی و معادله موج فازی به دست میآوریم. فرمولهای دالامبر برای معادله موج فازی با در نظر گرفتن نوعی gh- مشتقپذیری جواب، حاصل میگردد. همچنین، وجود و یکتایی این Moreدر مقاله حاضر، با در نظر گرفتن مشتق تعمیمیافته هاکوهارا، جوابهای موجی سفری فازی را برای معادله حملونقل خطی فازی و معادله موج فازی به دست میآوریم. فرمولهای دالامبر برای معادله موج فازی با در نظر گرفتن نوعی gh- مشتقپذیری جواب، حاصل میگردد. همچنین، وجود و یکتایی این جوابها و پایداری معادله موج نشان دادهشده است. بعلاوه، چندین مثال جهت توضیح تکنیک حل میگردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - On approximation of the fully fuzzy fixed charge transportation problem
A. Mahmoodirad H. Hassasi‎ G. Tohidi M. Sanei -
Open Access Article
184 - Evaluating the effective variables and presenting the special value model of the green brand from the point of view of sports tourists on the island of Kish
Ali Bagheri Farshad Tojari Ali ZareBackground and Objective: The green brand is an environmental label that shows that the product is somehow related to environmental protection and sustainable business practices and adheres to two basic principles in its development goals, environmental protection and s MoreBackground and Objective: The green brand is an environmental label that shows that the product is somehow related to environmental protection and sustainable business practices and adheres to two basic principles in its development goals, environmental protection and sustainable business. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the formation of the green brand for sports tourism in Kish Island. Material and Methodology: This research is a kind of descriptive-analytical research, of an applied type. The statistical population is 550 people and the statistical sample is 225 people using Morgan's table, which is available to the questions of two standard questionnaires of brand value and tourism destination (Mahmoudi, 2015 and Dastjardi, 2015) answered. Structural equations and LISREL8 software were used to investigate the relationships between research variables. Findings: The results of factor loadings and path coefficients and significant coefficients showed that the destination brand awareness component has the ability to predict sports tourism in Kish tourism destination. The destination brand image component has the ability to predict sports tourism in Kish tourism destination. The perceived quality component of the destination brand has the ability to predict sports tourism in the tourist destination of Kish. The component of the perceived value of the destination brand has the ability to predict sports tourism in the tourist destination of Kish. All components of Sabz brand equity can predict sports tourism in Kish tourism destination. (Chi-Square=9126.43, df=923, P-value=0.00000, RMSEA=0.060) Discussion and Conclusion: From the point of view of sports tourists, Kish Island has a high potential for green branding, and this indicates that the management and planning of sports tourism development in this island should take steps to strengthen the variables discussed in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Identifying and ranking factors influencing the sustainable development of environmental culture in sports
elham kaviani Nasrin choobkar vali naseriBackground & Objective: The very important role of sports and its symbols can be used to promote environmental awareness, improve daily functions and activities of millions of people. Sports and the environment are closely related to each other and sports are mentio MoreBackground & Objective: The very important role of sports and its symbols can be used to promote environmental awareness, improve daily functions and activities of millions of people. Sports and the environment are closely related to each other and sports are mentioned as a tool to achieve the principles of sustainable development. The aim of the research was to provide a model of factors influencing the development of environmental culture in sports in Kermanshah province. Material and Methodology: The statistical community included 10 sports management professors and experts familiar with the subject in the qualitative section and all the athletes of Kermanshah province in the quantitative section. In the qualitative part, the purposeful sampling method was used, and the sample of the quantitative part was selected using Morgan's table of 384 people. From the questionnaire created by the researcher by studying the theoretical foundations, semi-guided interviews with sports management professors and experts in an exploratory process and using the exploratory factor analysis method, 28 items in the form of six educational, research, structural, managerial, cultural, and research factors. And provincial solutions were classified. Findings: The results of the research showed that the current questionnaire is a suitable tool for measuring the development of environmental culture in sports in Kermanshah province. Also, the final model of the research showed that the structural factors had the first priority from the respondents' point of view and the provincial solutions had the last priority. Discussion and Conclusion: It is concluded that the research model and the priority of its factors for policy making in the field of environmental culture development in sports should be taken into consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Assess the Ecological Potential of the Mianeh City to Develop Sport Tourism Activities by Using of GIS
Meysam Noori Khan Yourdi Mahdi Bashiri Hamid GanjaeainBackground and Purpose: Today, the importance of the sport tourism industry, and especially the nature of tourism, has reached the level that has become the world's largest service industry, and millions of sports tourisms are moving around and traveling around the glob MoreBackground and Purpose: Today, the importance of the sport tourism industry, and especially the nature of tourism, has reached the level that has become the world's largest service industry, and millions of sports tourisms are moving around and traveling around the globe every year, with various motivations. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological potential of the Mianeh city to develop sport tourism activities by using of GIS. Material and Methodology: The data layers needed in the city range were collected, and the layers related to superior areas for sport tourism were identified and created. For this purpose, factors required to develop each of the following sports named climbing and caving, naturopathy, water sports, winter sports, hunting and fishing, hiking and ecotourism were identified first. Then, in accordance to the same factors, the superior areas for developing each of the sport activities were recognized. Finally, after modulation and combination of data layers, final plan was developed for the superior areas for sport ecotourism in Mianeh city. Results: Checking the different data layers of Mianeh city showed that this study showed that this city has a high potential for sport tourism development in climbing and camping, naturopathy, water sports, winter sports, hunting and fishing, hiking and ecotourism athletic fields. Discussion and Conclusion: The custodians of the tourism and sports, can help to develop sport tourism of Mianeh, with new politics and short term or long-term planning by putting these opportunities under consideration Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Environmental impact assessment guideline for rail way transportation projects
Majid Abbaspour Abdoreza Karbassi Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavatjou Mohsen Saeedi Fateme ZahedIn the recent years, different countries have approved some short time, medium time and long time plans to achieve development in all sectors such as transportation sector. These plans are determined by expert groups in each sector according to quality and quantity inde MoreIn the recent years, different countries have approved some short time, medium time and long time plans to achieve development in all sectors such as transportation sector. These plans are determined by expert groups in each sector according to quality and quantity indexes and these are utilized as country's development document. Generally, some of the plans and strategies have special importance for transportation ministry such as rail way transportation development, road network development, renovation of transportation fleet and comprehensive study plan of country transportation. As regards that any development has environmental impact, therefore environmental impact assessment (EIA) of each plan specially transportation one that is the target of this study, is necessary due to prevention of harmful effects and presenting mitigation plans for environment. This study has been done to conduct administrative and consultants of rail way plans, so determination of all actions in construction and operational phases is necessary. Also it is very important to determine main parameters about physical, biological and socio-economical environment. According to all of above implementations the impacts of rail ways project on different environment involving air, water, sound, soil, plant and animal will be determined and in next step mitigation plans and environmental monitoring program will be prepared. Finally environmental impact assessment guideline is developed for consultants and administrative involving 12 subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Environmental impact assessment guideline for rail way transportation projects
Majid Abbaspour Abdoreza Karbassi Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavatjou Mohsen Saeedi Fateme ZahedIn the recent years, different countries haveapproved some short time, medium time and longtime plans to achieve development in all sectorssuch as transportation sector. These plans aredetermined by expert groups in each sectoraccording to quality and quantity indexes a MoreIn the recent years, different countries haveapproved some short time, medium time and longtime plans to achieve development in all sectorssuch as transportation sector. These plans aredetermined by expert groups in each sectoraccording to quality and quantity indexes and theseare utilized as country’s development document.Generally, some of the plans and strategies havespecial importance for transportation ministry suchas rail way transportation development, roadnetwork development, renovation of transportationfleet and comprehensive study plan of countrytransportation. As regards that any developmenthas environmental impact, therefore environmentalimpact assessment (EIA) of each plan speciallytransportation one that is the target of this study,is necessary due to prevention of harmful effectsand presenting mitigation plans for environment.This study has been done to conduct administrativeand consultants of rail way plans, so determinationof all actions in construction and operationalphases is necessary. Also it is very important todetermine main parameters about physical,biological and socio-economical environment.According to all of above implementations theimpacts of rail ways project on different environmentinvolving air, water, sound, soil, plant and animalwill be determined and in next step mitigationplans and environmental monitoring program willbe prepared. Finally environmental impact assessmentguideline is developed for consultants andadministrative involving 12 subjects.impacts of rail ways project on differentenvironment involving air, water, sound, soil,plant and animal will be determined and innext step mitigation plans and environmentalmonitoring program will be prepared. Finallyenvironmental impact assessment guideline isdeveloped for consultants and administrativeinvolving 12 subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Improving citizen's health and well-being through urban landscape design
Mohammad Bagheri Hamid Reza AzematiCurrent urbanization and settlement trends have adverse psycho-physical impact on the safety, health and well-being of the city dwellers. Crime, lack of community, lack of physical activity and dependence on motorized transportation serve as examples of urban ills. Sust MoreCurrent urbanization and settlement trends have adverse psycho-physical impact on the safety, health and well-being of the city dwellers. Crime, lack of community, lack of physical activity and dependence on motorized transportation serve as examples of urban ills. Sustainable design strategies in urban neighborhoods and open spaces can have significant contribution to human physical health and psychological well-being. The sustainable urban design agenda and design criteria such as green and quality open spaces, pedestrian areas, creating dense neighborhoods with mix land uses and infill development projects in derelict and lost spaces, decreasing dependence on motorized transport with public services such as community schools and developing local public transport are of the main strategies that can addressed the various health and well-being contributions of different urban habitats Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Improving citizen's health and well-being through urban landscape design
Mohammad Bagheri Hamid Reza AzematiCurrent urbanization and settlement trends haveadverse psycho-physical impact on the safety,health and well-being of the city dwellers. Crime,lack of community, lack of physical activity anddependence on motorized transportation serve asexamples of urban ills. Sustainab MoreCurrent urbanization and settlement trends haveadverse psycho-physical impact on the safety,health and well-being of the city dwellers. Crime,lack of community, lack of physical activity anddependence on motorized transportation serve asexamples of urban ills. Sustainable design strategiesin urban neighborhoods and open spaces can havesignificant contribution to human physical healthand psychological well-being. The sustainable urbandesign agenda and design criteria such as green andquality open spaces, pedestrian areas, creating denseneighborhoods with mix land uses and infilldevelopment projects in derelict and lost spaces,decreasing dependence on motorized transportwith public services such as community schoolsand developing local public transport are of themain strategies that can addressed the varioushealth and well-being contributions of differenturban habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Meta-Synthesis of Factors and Barriers Influencing the Participation of Iranian Students in Sports Activities
fahimeh rivandi مهوش نوربخش مهدی کهندل پریوش نوربخشThe existence of a large volume of studies on the participation of students in sports activities, with somewhat ambiguous and contradictory results, has posed challenges in planning and policymaking in this field. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate and consolidate MoreThe existence of a large volume of studies on the participation of students in sports activities, with somewhat ambiguous and contradictory results, has posed challenges in planning and policymaking in this field. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate and consolidate the findings of previous research. This present study aims to go meta-synthesis of factors and barriers influencing the participation of students in sports activities. The research methodology employed is a systematic review that aims to synthesize qualitative studies. The statistical population of this study consists of qualitative studies (articles and theses) published between the years 2006 and 2021, which were accessible as full-text in the databases and university libraries. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were reviewed. In this study, a designed checklist was used for data collection. To ensure quality control, the validity and reliability of the extraction codes were assessed, and the validity of the codes was evaluated using the Glynn’s agreement coefficient. For the analysis of the research findings, the topic synthesis method and the MAXQDA software were utilized. The findings indicate that in explaining the factors and barriers influencing student participation in sports, three general environmental factors and barriers can be identified: general environmental factors and barriers, operational environmental factors and barriers, and internal environmental factors and barriers. Among these, the environmental factors and barriers are considered the most significant variables in predicting student participation in sports activities. Based on these results, it is necessary to focus on environmental factors and barriers when explaining student sports participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - A Scientific Research on Quranic Appellation of Ship
Seyyed Heidar Shirazi Hassan AbynOne of the Theism ways is to know the sea and its depending in transportation industry. The most important discussed issues in the present article are criticizing and studying the frequency of naming various names of the ship (more than 30 times) with their different ap MoreOne of the Theism ways is to know the sea and its depending in transportation industry. The most important discussed issues in the present article are criticizing and studying the frequency of naming various names of the ship (more than 30 times) with their different applications such as commercial, passenger and multipurpose ships. Another goal is to survey the reason of swearing Allah to floating ships. Some ships which are smaller are applied only for sailing or transporting passengers. Giant ships which float by the wind or canvas, create a beautiful image of their hugeness in Holy Quran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Variations in the transcription of wheat aquaporins in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
مریم اسدالهی علیرضا ایرانبخش رحیم احمدوند ایرج مهرگان مصطفی عبادیAquaporins exist in almost all living organisms and play a role in regulating various physiological phenomena. Aquaporins (AQP) are not only water channels but also multifunctional membrane proteins. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycor MoreAquaporins exist in almost all living organisms and play a role in regulating various physiological phenomena. Aquaporins (AQP) are not only water channels but also multifunctional membrane proteins. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on the expressions of some aquaporin genes in wheat plants. The expression of several aquaporins, including PIP2-6, PIP2-1, PIP2-5, PIP1-3, NIP1-3, and NIP1-4 in response to the symbiosis of wheat roots with Glomus mosseae fungus was evaluated by real-time PCR method. Mycorrhizal symbiosis down-regulated the expression of PIP2-6 and PIP2-1 genes. In response to the mycorrhizal symbiosis, the expression of PIP2-5 and PIP1-3 genes also showed a similar down-regulation trend compared with the control. In contrary, mycorrhizal symbiosis up-regulated the expression of NIP1-3 and NIP1-4 genes in response to the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Statistical analysis also showed that there is a significant correlation between the expressions of the genes evaluated. There was a significant positive correlation between NIP1-3 and NIP1-4 genes, while they displayed a significant negative correlation with other target genes. There was a significant positive correlation between PIP2-6, PIP2-1, PIP2-5, and PIP1-3 genes. These results indicate that the effect of mycorrhiza can vary depending on the type of mycorrhiza. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Political Sociology of Sport: The impact of sports and professional athletes on political life
Mehdi Mohammadi aziz abadi Seyed samad BeheshtyThe purpose of the present study is to show how the impact of professional sport as a supporter of the ubiquitous political functions available to social forces affects the different levels of today's political life. In other words, what areas of world politics today ar MoreThe purpose of the present study is to show how the impact of professional sport as a supporter of the ubiquitous political functions available to social forces affects the different levels of today's political life. In other words, what areas of world politics today are most affected by sports and athletes. The research method is descriptive-analytical using library and internet resources. The hypothesis under study is that with the modernization of sport, this new phenomenon has influential political capabilities including identity politics, nationalism, reducing or increasing conflicts and gaps in society, controlling political and social affairs, propaganda tools, political participation, electoral incentives, Promote ideology and so on, And it plays many roles in some of the most important areas of community politics. The results of the article showed that sport is considered as a new and influential political-social tool on the political scene of societies and social forces have been able to gain considerable political empowerment with this phenomenon in the past. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - A Study of the Soft Power Role of Sport Diplomacy in the Success of the Foreign Policy Objectives of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammad BidgoliThe purpose of the present research is to study the soft power role of sport diplomacy in the success of the foreign policy objectives in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research relies on the hypothesis that sport diplomacy improves foreign policy strategies and obje MoreThe purpose of the present research is to study the soft power role of sport diplomacy in the success of the foreign policy objectives in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research relies on the hypothesis that sport diplomacy improves foreign policy strategies and objectives of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results indicate that constructive cooperation between executive organizations in the country and using the potential of international sport by them can improve the existing situation and as a result we would be optimist to the betterment of Iran’s sport diplomacy. Islamic Republic of Iran due to having the potential capacity of sport can form its athletic diplomacy and apply it as an efficient means to improve international decency, Islamic Republic of Iran’s soft power, collaboration in regional peace and security, positive impact, attraction of public thoughts, removal of disputes, and international peace in the world. It is recommended that sport management takes place in a strategic field. It means that a 16 to 20-year-old plan and policy be compiled to be as a practical guide for the senior sport managers in the country. Therefore, personal taste and individualism would be avoided in the sport management and the country would be guided toward excellent purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The study of improving the warning system of the Covid-19 virus by using the sociological capacities of sports
Mohammad Hassan Ghazli Leila Jamshidian Mehrzad Moghdasi MoghdasiObjective: The purpose of this research was to study the improvement of the Covid-19 virus warning system by using sports capacities. Methodology: The current research method was mixed. The statistical population of this research included all experts in the field of spo MoreObjective: The purpose of this research was to study the improvement of the Covid-19 virus warning system by using sports capacities. Methodology: The current research method was mixed. The statistical population of this research included all experts in the field of sports from different groups, including physical education professors, managers of sports clubs, sports managers, athletes, trainers and managers of sports sites. The data collection tool included semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to check the data of the present research, the sign test and structural equations were used. Results: The results of this research showed that the factors affecting the improvement of the Covid-19 warning system by using sports capacities include 4 general factors, including factors related to sports organizations, factors related to sports clubs, factors related to sports sites and factors related to It is for athletes and coaches. The results showed that the status of the warning system in sports in the field of sports organizations and sports clubs was unfavorable from the point of view of the research samples. The results also showed that the status of the warning system in sports in the field of sports sites and athletes and coaches was favorable. Conclusion: Among the factors identified, the factors related to sports organizations are the most important factors to improve the warning system regarding the Covid-19 virus by using sports capacities. Keywords: notification, warning, Covid-19, sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Investigation of the Covid-19 virus warning system using sports capacities
Mohammad Hassan Ghazli Leila Jamshidian Mehrzad Moghdasi MoghdasiThe aim of this study was to investigate the warning system of Covid -19 virus using exercise capacity. The present research method was mixed. The statistical population of the present study included all sports experts from different groups, including professors of phys MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the warning system of Covid -19 virus using exercise capacity. The present research method was mixed. The statistical population of the present study included all sports experts from different groups, including professors of physical education, managers of sports clubs, sports managers, athletes, coaches and managers of sports sites. The data collection tools included semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. Structural tests and structural equations were used to evaluate the data of the present study. The results of the present study showed that the factors affecting the improvement of the Covid -19 virus warning system by using sports capacities include 4 general factors including factors related to sports organizations, factors related to sports clubs, factors related to sports sites and Factors related to athletes and coaches. The results showed that the state of the alert system in sports in the sports organizations and sports clubs had an unfavorable situation from the perspective of research samples. The results also showed that the state of the sports alert system in the field of sports sites and athletes and coaches had a favorable situation. The results of the present study showed that among the identified factors, the factors related to sports organizations are the most important factor in improving the alert system for Covid -19 virus using sports capacities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of Start-up Businesses in the Country with a Sports Tourism Approach
seyed emad hoseini maryam naghib hoseini farshad emamiThe purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the competitiveness of start-up businesses related to sports tourism in the country. The type of research is applied, was done through a mixed method and a survey. The Delphi panel was used to confirm MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the competitiveness of start-up businesses related to sports tourism in the country. The type of research is applied, was done through a mixed method and a survey. The Delphi panel was used to confirm the list of components, as well as experts in the field of sports business to prioritize them. The fuzzy hierarchical analysis method was used to weigh the components and inferential statistics methods were used to analyze the statistical data. The results showed that a total of 5 components and 13 items are considered effective factors. From the point of view of the experts, the component of "optimal technology" with a weight of 0.78754 has the highest degree of importance, followed by the component of "social popularity" with a weight of 0.69094 and "dynamic economy" with a weight of 0.66889. At the end, two components "service quality" and "structural and administrative" are located with weights of 0.63022 and 0.59443, respectively. Also, 13 items were identified, which were: "Internet network and infrastructure", "Tourism market update and competition", "Government incentives and support", "Financing chain", "Administrative licenses", "Marketing requirements", "Compatibility with current needs", "Popularity of social networks and virtual space", "accepting society", "cost savings", "user satisfaction", "unique services" and "avoiding time wastage". Since Kendall's coefficient of agreement was 0.798, the overall fit is also confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Presenting the Particular Value Model of the Green Brand from the Point of View of Sports Tourists on the Island of Kish
Ali Bagheri Farshad Tojari Ali ZareThe purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the formation of the green brand in sports tourism in Kish Island. Two standard questionnaires on a 5-point Likert scale have been used. The statistical population of this research is 550 sports touris MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the formation of the green brand in sports tourism in Kish Island. Two standard questionnaires on a 5-point Likert scale have been used. The statistical population of this research is 550 sports tourists who traveled to the target destination to participate in a training camp, an event, or a sports competition, and the statistical sample of the research was determined by the available method according to the Morgan Table of 225 people. Content validity was used for validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for reliability. The component of awareness of the destination brand can predict sports tourism in the tourist destination of Kish (t=7.34). The brand image component of the destination has the ability to predict sports tourism in the tourist destination (t = 8.12). The perceived quality component of the destination brand can predict sports tourism in the tourist destination of Kish (t = 8.23). The component of the perceived value of the destination brand can predict sports tourism in the tourist destination (t = 8.35). All the components of Green Brand Equity (GBBE) can predict sports tourism in the tourist destination of Kish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Assessment of Sport Tourists' Satisfaction with the Quality of Facilities of Tehran Azadi Sport Complex
seyed mostafa moaven afshari Mohammad Taheri Hossseinabadi Afsaneh. Rohany -
Open Access Article
201 - The role of infrastructures on sport tourists development in Mazandaran province
Ismaeil Zabihi -
Open Access Article
202 - Designing the Green Tourism Supply Chain Management Model in the Sport Industry
Ali Eslaminejad Seyed Mostafa Taybi Sani Bagher Morsal -
Open Access Article
203 - Shahrood sport tourism planning using SWOT technique with emphasis on natural attractions
Seyed Mostafa Tayebi Sani Hooman Bahmanpour Seyed Hamed Mirkazemi Afsaneh Rohany -
Open Access Article
204 - Sport tourism marketing with emphasis on cultural factors
Esmaeil Zabihi Masoud Jorabloo -
Open Access Article
205 - Safety and environmental risk assessment of the mountain sport and resorts of Tehran with an emphasis on the sustainable tourism carrying capacity and the provision of management approaches
Baranoosh Nikbin Bahram Ghadimi -
Open Access Article
206 - Validation of the Health Innovation Questionnaire in Sport Clubs
Fatemeh Mehrabi Mitra Ayazi Ali Asghar DoroudianThe purpose of the present study is to validate the health innovation questionnaire in sport clubs. This research is practical in terms of purpose and the data were collected using a field method. The statistical population consists of the customers of gyms that had inn MoreThe purpose of the present study is to validate the health innovation questionnaire in sport clubs. This research is practical in terms of purpose and the data were collected using a field method. The statistical population consists of the customers of gyms that had innovation. The sampling method was purposive based on the innovation used by the gyms. The measurement tool was a questionnaire by Yoshida et al. (2013) that involved 18 questions. The microscales included innovation in sport performance, innovation in environmental beauty, innovation in equipment, innovation in online services, innovation in the brand communication, and innovation of program faithfulness. Face and concept validity of the questionnaire after translation was approved by the expert professors. To indigenize the questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis was used and standardization of the scales was also explored using conceptual validity and reliability. The results showed that all the applied factors could be good determinators of the concept of innovation in sport clubs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - An Analysis of the Foundations of Health and Exercise from the View of Islam and Sport Rights
Hossein AndalibThe purpose of the present study is to review foundations of health and exercise from the view of Islam and sport rights. The research relies on the hypothesis that in Islam, physical and spiritual-mental health are emphasized. Iran’s law has also paid attention t MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review foundations of health and exercise from the view of Islam and sport rights. The research relies on the hypothesis that in Islam, physical and spiritual-mental health are emphasized. Iran’s law has also paid attention to the subject of physical and spiritual health. Moreover, international documents such as the 1st statement of article 55 of the United Nations Chart, Constitution of the World Health Organization, the first statement of article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the 1st statement of article 12 of the International Covenant of Economic, Cultural, and Social Rights all emphasize on the right to health. The research method was descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the advantage of the Islamic view in terms of the right to health is that it pays attention to spiritual, moral, and mental health as well. In fact, Islam has obligations and guidelines for both spiritual and physical health which demand requirements in the jurisprudential literature of 5-commands. Furthermore, since religious rules involve the issue of health, they bring about some obligations for real and legal entities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - A Study of Sarāy-e Mahallat's Utility Indexes from the View of Citizens in Tehran (A Case Study of District 18)
Sara Kazemi Mohsen Karami Shamsi RahmaniThe purpose of the present study is to review the condition of Sarāy-e Mahallat's utility indexes from the view of citizens in Tehran. The research statistical sample consisted of all 101 male and 117 female participants in the gyms of Mahallat. The research method was MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the condition of Sarāy-e Mahallat's utility indexes from the view of citizens in Tehran. The research statistical sample consisted of all 101 male and 117 female participants in the gyms of Mahallat. The research method was descriptive and its purpose was practical. The measurement instrument was a research-made questionnaire distributed among the statistical population after receiving the expert comments about its validity. After collection, its reliability was reported to be (–r 0.89.9) by Cronbach's alpha test. The research results showed that the citizens rated the sport equipment's safety to be weak. They had more expectations of the gym halls, equipment's safety and variation, expert coaches, and sport groups. Furthermore, the population under study evaluated the total satisfaction of Sarāy-e Mahallat to be less than average and it decreases as more participants join the gyms. No significant difference was observed between men and women in this regard. The most important obstacles and limitations for the participation in Sarāy-e Mahallat include the participants' lack of time and the fact that all classes were not active there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - A Comparison Between the Effect of Playing Games and Doing Aerobics on Some Body Composition Indices of the Obese Female Students
Mehdi Bostani Zeinab AlipourThe purpose of the present study is the comparative review of the effect of two exercising plans on some body composition indices of the obese female girls in Ahwaz. To this aim, 45 obese students in district 1 of the education administration of Ahwaz were purposefully MoreThe purpose of the present study is the comparative review of the effect of two exercising plans on some body composition indices of the obese female girls in Ahwaz. To this aim, 45 obese students in district 1 of the education administration of Ahwaz were purposefully chosen and then they were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 15 girls. In order to control the participants’ dietary plan, the nutrition remembrance questionnaire was used. Body composition indices including body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage in both pre-test and post-test stages were measured and registered. For inside group comparison, dependent t-test was used and for the comparison of the 3 groups, the variance analysis (ANOVA) as well as Tuckey’s Post Hoc in the significant level of 0.05 were used. The results showed that doing 8 weeks of aerobics and playing games both significantly reduced the BMI and body fat percentage but only playing games could significantly reduce the WHR (P<0.05). According to the results of the present research, it is recommended that in order to control children obesity, in addition to organized exercises, sport activities in the form of playing be used as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - A Study of the Effect of Organizational Silence on Organizational Performance with the Intervention Effect of Physical Education Teachers' Happiness at Work
Mohammadbagher Forghani Ozrudi Jamile Ranjbar Naeimeh KhakestarianThe purpose of the present study is to review the impact of organizational silence on organizational performance with the intervention effect of physical education teachers' happiness at work. The nature of research is practical and its method is analytical survey. The MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the impact of organizational silence on organizational performance with the intervention effect of physical education teachers' happiness at work. The nature of research is practical and its method is analytical survey. The research population consists of all 1593 physical education teachers in Mazandaran, among whom 364 teachers were randomly chosen according to the Morgan table. For data collection, a questionnaire was used and the statistical analysis of data was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), SPSS23 and Amos. The results showed that organizational silence has a significantly negative effect on the organizational performance of physical education teachers. Moreover, happiness at work has a significantly positive effect on the organizational performance of physical education teachers. In the correlation between organizational silence and organizational performance, happiness at work can be an effective intervention and improve organizational performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - A Study of the Challenges of Health and Sport in the Country (A Case Study: Samā Junior Colleges)
hamid seifiThe purpose of the present article is to study challenges of health and sport in the country emphasizing on Samā junior colleges. The method of study is descriptive survey and it is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research consists of al MoreThe purpose of the present article is to study challenges of health and sport in the country emphasizing on Samā junior colleges. The method of study is descriptive survey and it is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research consists of all 7000 students of Samā junior colleges in district 5 of Iran which are under the supervision of Islamic Azad University and Samā organization. Using the Morgan table, the statistical sample of the research was calculated to be 364. The data collection instrument was a research-made questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was measured to be 0.92, using Cronbach’s alpha. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Friedman test were used. The results showed that some of the most important challenges and obstacles in the way of students’ participation in physical activities during their leisure time include lack of transportation services for their commuting, monotony of extracurricular sport activities, their severe exhaustion, not considering their interests, and inappropriate time schedule of the sport clubs in their dormitories and universities. Moreover, as one of the incentives to encourage students to physical activity during their free time, we can refer to allocating free sport equipment for them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - The Effect of Job Enrichment on the Glass Rock of Female Workers in the Ministry of Sport and Youth with the Intervention of Psychological Empowerment
Vali Naseri Plangerd Ahdye Sadeghi KalaniThe purpose of the present study is to review the effect of job enrichment on the glass rock with the intervention of female empowerment. This research is descriptive-correlational which has been conducted through a survey method. Statistical population of the research MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the effect of job enrichment on the glass rock with the intervention of female empowerment. This research is descriptive-correlational which has been conducted through a survey method. Statistical population of the research involved all the women working in the ministry of sport and youth, among whom 280 staff members were chosen as the research sample. For data collection, three standardized questionnaires including Glass Rock questionnaire by Nasiri & et al., Hackman and Oldham's job enrichment questionnaire, and finally, Spritzer's questionnaire of staff psychological empowerment were used to investigate the intervention variable. The results showed that job empowerment in women makes the glass rock collapse. Coefficient factors of job empowerment by female empowerment and female empowerment by glass rock was 0.23 and -0.21 respectively. Moreover, determination coefficient factors showed that two variables if job enrichment and empowerment predict almost 0.38 of the changes of the glass rock collapse. Therefore, for optimal effectiveness in organizations, obstacles of women's improvement should be moderated and empowerment strategies should be executed in the organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Predicting organizational procrastination based on employee empowerment in sports and youth departments
Mohammad saeid Kiani Leila Nazari Leila ShahbazpourThe aim of this research was to predict procrastination based on empowerment among the employees of sports and youth departments in Kermanshah province. The statistical population included all employees of sports and youth departments of Kermanshah province (400 people) MoreThe aim of this research was to predict procrastination based on empowerment among the employees of sports and youth departments in Kermanshah province. The statistical population included all employees of sports and youth departments of Kermanshah province (400 people), among whom 123 people were randomly selected based on Morgan's table. Badie et al.'s procrastination questionnaire (2011) and Marquardt's employee empowerment questionnaire (2018) were used to collect the data required for the research. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were also used for comparison between groups, Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used to examine the relationship between variables, and standard regression test was used to predict procrastination based on ability at a significant level (p≤0.05). Based on the results of the research, the average score related to procrastination was significantly lower than the hypothetical average value and the average score related to empowerment was significantly higher than the hypothetical average value. The difference in the scores of empowerment, procrastination and its sub-scales, taking into account the gender, marital status and age of the employees, was not significant (p≤0.05). There was a significant negative relationship between empowerment, procrastination and its subscales (p=0.001). Also, the results showed that part of the employees' procrastination can be predicted based on their empowerment. The results showed that the amount of procrastination decreases with the increase of ability. The findings show that the employees of sports and youth departments avoid procrastination in their behavior in a relatively appropriate manner and are in a good and appropriate situation in terms of empowerment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The Correlation of Sport Motives, Relationship Quality, and Sport Consumption Intention of the Fans of Football Teams
Kazem Razefatahi Hosein MoktariThe purpose of the present study is to review sport motives, relationship quality, and sport consumption intention of the fans of football teams. In this regard, 384 of football fans who had a full cognition about football league and popular teams were chosen. Their ans MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review sport motives, relationship quality, and sport consumption intention of the fans of football teams. In this regard, 384 of football fans who had a full cognition about football league and popular teams were chosen. Their answers were collected through a questionnaire and the correlations between variables were analyzed using structural equations in the software space of Smart-PLS. The results showed that emotional, cognitive, and behavioral motivations of football fans are effective on their relationship quality which is per se effective on their sport consumption intention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - The Correlation between Organizational Learning and Organizational Entrepreneurship through Work Engagement among Workers in the Administration of Sport and Youth in Fars Province
Omid SafariThe purpose of the present study is to review the correlation between organizational learning and organizational entrepreneurship through work engagement among workers in the administration of sport and youth in Fars province. The statistical population under study cons MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the correlation between organizational learning and organizational entrepreneurship through work engagement among workers in the administration of sport and youth in Fars province. The statistical population under study consisted of 114 workers in the administration of sport and youth in Fars province among whom 90 members were chosen as the sample of study by total sampling. In terms of nature and purpose, this research was practical. For data collection, three questionnaires including Margaret Hill's Organizational Entrepreneurship (2013), Neefe's Organizational Learning (2001), and Schaufeli & Salanova's Work Engagement (2001) were used. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of the questionnaires was calculated to be 0.926, 0.873, and 0.851 respectively which were all confirmed. The research method was practical, descriptive, and correlational. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, regression analysis, structural equations, and some software like SPSS and PLS. The results of Pearson's correlation showed that there is a significantly positive relation between organizational learning, work engagement, organizational entrepreneurship, and their components. Besides, the results of regression analysis revealed that learning culture form among organizational learning components and energy from among work engagement components have the highest power to predict organizational entrepreneurship. Furthermore, learning culture form among organizational learning components has the highest power to predict work engagement. Finally, the interdisciplinary role of work engagement in the relationship between organizational learning and entrepreneurship was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - The Impact of Using social media on the Social Identity and Job Performance of Employees in the Sport Organization of Tehran Municipality
Alireza Zand GhilamReza Faraji Alireza Taati KovarimThe purpose of the present study is to review the effect of using social media on the social identity and job performance of employees in the sport organization of Tehran municipality. This is a descriptive-correlational study which was conducted as field research by qu MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the effect of using social media on the social identity and job performance of employees in the sport organization of Tehran municipality. This is a descriptive-correlational study which was conducted as field research by questionnaires. According to the obtained information, there are 1360 employees in the sport organization of Tehran municipality in 2021. Based on the Morgan Table, 302 members were chosen as the research sample. For data collection, Jahānbāni’s questionnaire (2018), Richard Jenkins’ social identity survey (2008), and job performance questionnaire designed by Kumpz et al. were used. Descriptive statistics was used to classify raw scores, design frequency distribution tables and measure dispersion indexes such as average, standard deviation, and frequency. The results showed that using social media is effective on the social identity and job performance of employees in the sport organization of Tehran municipality. Thus, it is recommended to create a special database and register the employees’ requests with the purpose of understanding their needs and expectations in social networking. Besides, it is suggested to have dialogue with the employees through practical programs in social media in order to improve their performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - General Efficiency Based on the Personality Type of Wrestling Coaches: with an Emphasis on Social Anxiety Intervention
Mohammad Hadi Babaei OliaiiGeneral efficiency is considered as the common belief of a group about its potentials to organize and conduct required measures to achieve a desired improvement. The purpose of the present research is to study general efficiency based on the personality type of wrestlin MoreGeneral efficiency is considered as the common belief of a group about its potentials to organize and conduct required measures to achieve a desired improvement. The purpose of the present research is to study general efficiency based on the personality type of wrestling coaches emphasizing on social anxiety intervention. In terms of purpose, this research is practical and it has a correlational-descriptive approach. The statistical population consisted of all 510 wrestling coaches in Tehran among whom 220 members were chosen by random sampling. Data collection tool involved Lina Jerabek's Social Anxiety Scale (1996), Neo's Personality Five Factor Model, and Shere's General Self-Efficiency Scale. For data analysis, regression and correlation tests as well as SPSS (version 22) were used. The research results showed that general efficiency is predictable based on social anxiety and personality type of wrestling coaches. Therefore, general efficiency can probably be effective in making social relations with the purpose of success among wrestling coaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - The Relationship between the Creativity and Power of the Staff in the Administration of Sport and Youth in the Province of Qom
Mohammad Izanloo Faride Ashraf ganjavi Mohammad AlimardaniThe purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between the creativity and power of the staff in the administration of sport and youth in the province of Qom. Statistical population of the research consisted of all 82 staff members in the administratio MoreThe purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between the creativity and power of the staff in the administration of sport and youth in the province of Qom. Statistical population of the research consisted of all 82 staff members in the administration of sport and youth in the province of Qom. Total population sampling was used so all the employees in the administration were chosen as the statistical population of the research. The measur1ement tools included some standard questionnaires including Rendsip’s creativity questionnaire (1979) and Spritzer empowerment questionnaire (1995). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the experts and their reliability was also approved with reference to the studies mentioned in the methodology section. The creativity questionnaire consisted of 50 questions and the empowerment questionnaire contained 12 questions and 4 scales of meaningfulness, competency, freedom of choice, and effectiveness. For the analysis of the data, the descriptive and inferential statistics were used: standard deviation average for descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman correlation test, and Pearson correlation tests (0.05) for inferential statistics. For data analysis, SPSS.20 software was used and the results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between creativity and empowerment features of the staff members of the administration of sport and youth (r: 0.24 p: 0.05). Also, a positive and significant correlation was observed between their creativity and competency (r: 0.23 p: 0.05). However, there is no relation between creativity and the scales of meaningfulness (r: 0.21 p: 0.09), freedom of choice (r: 0.21 p: 0.08), and effectiveness (r: 0.14 p: 0.24). It seems that the managers by paying attention to the power and competency of the staff members, can foster their creativity and pave the ground for the development and betterment of the workplace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - A Study of Effective Factors on the Establishment of Knowledge Management in Iran's Rowing Federation
Nematolah Nemati Arad Soleymanpour Tahereh BagherpoorThe purpose of the present study is to review effective factors on the establishment of knowledge management in Iran's Rowing Federation. Using a mixed approach as well as meta-synthesis methods and interpretive structural modeling, the present research deals with the a MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review effective factors on the establishment of knowledge management in Iran's Rowing Federation. Using a mixed approach as well as meta-synthesis methods and interpretive structural modeling, the present research deals with the assessment of the maturity condition and designing an optimal model for knowledge management establishment in the Rowing Federation of Iran. In this research, Sandelowski and Barroso's 7-stage method (2007) was used. The criteria of knowledge management establishment were extracted from selected articles and considered as codes. Accordingly, 53 codes in the framework of 8 general and 3 fundamental concepts were recognized which were regarded as the basis for other sections of the research. Meta-synthesis results led to the recognition of 98 sub-criteria (codes), 14 criteria, and 3 main aspects in knowledge management establishment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - A Strategic Analysis of Hosting the International Military Sports Council (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Hamid Omidi Farideh Ashrafganjouei Mohammad Reza EsmailiThe purpose of the present study is the strategic analysis of hosting the International Military Sports Council (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is qualitative and descriptive and it is considered as a strategic study. The statistical populati MoreThe purpose of the present study is the strategic analysis of hosting the International Military Sports Council (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is qualitative and descriptive and it is considered as a strategic study. The statistical population consisted of all those who were active in the field of physical education in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Military, active experts in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Army (AJA) as well as athletes and coaches who had attended in the CISM games. The research sample was chosen purposefully and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation. The research instrument consisted of interviews, exchanging views with the elites, and library study. In order to achieve the research objectives, a list of strength and weakness points as well as chances and threats for hosting and holding the World’s Military Games in Iran was made using Delphi method and then it was finalized by the expert advice of the scholars. The research results showed that the strategic status of our country in terms of hosting the CISM games is SO or competitive. It indicates that hosting the CISM in Iran has some strength points in terms of internal factors and also some chances in terms of external factors which should be considered in setting the guidelines. The strategic status of the armed forces sports to host the CISM is seemingly without any weakness or restriction; however, it actually has some drawbacks which can be turned into strength points in case of suitable and comprehensive planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - A Study of Efficient and Inefficient Olympic Federations Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Mohammad AlimardaniThe purpose of the present research is to study efficient and inefficient Olympic federations using data envelopment analysis. This study is descriptive and retrospective and its data have been collected using field research. The statistical population consisted of 25 O MoreThe purpose of the present research is to study efficient and inefficient Olympic federations using data envelopment analysis. This study is descriptive and retrospective and its data have been collected using field research. The statistical population consisted of 25 Olympic federations in the country and due to limited population, total sampling was used in the research. The data related to these federations in 1395 were collected. In order to determine the efficiency of the federations, data envelopment analysis was used. In data envelopment analysis, the first step is to determine the research input and output. To this aim, indices (strategies) of the federations determined by balanced scorecards were distributed throughout a questionnaire. In order to determine whether the evaluation indices are input or output, Chi-squared test was used and for recognizing unfavorable output factors of inefficient federations, output-centered CCR and BCC methods were used. SPSS and DEA SOLVER software were used for data analysis. The research results showed that with 95% certainty, from among 9 strategies (evaluation indices) in Olympic federations, 4 strategies are input and 5 strategies are output. Moreover, 7 federations in the CCR model and 6 federations in the BCC model were assessed to be inefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Designing a model of factors affecting the purposefulness of subsidies in the country's sport with a combined approach
Mohammad Reza Keshani Ali Fahimeinejad Bagher MorsalThe present study was conducted to design a model of factors affecting the purposefulness of subsidies in sports in the country with a combined approach. In terms of applied purpose, the present study was a research method mixed with consecutive exploratory type and sur MoreThe present study was conducted to design a model of factors affecting the purposefulness of subsidies in sports in the country with a combined approach. In terms of applied purpose, the present study was a research method mixed with consecutive exploratory type and survey collection method. The statistical population in the qualitative sector includes subsidy policy makers in the country, members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and professors familiar with the issue of subsidies in sports. These individuals were purposefully selected as standard criteria for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (15 interviews with 15 people and continued to the point of theoretical saturation). The statistical population of the quantitative part is all the managers of Tehran sports clubs. Tehran has 917 clubs. The data collection tool in the present study was a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the data of the present study, coding in the qualitative part and structural equation method in the quantitative part were used. In the qualitative part of the research, it was found that the categories were extracted in the form of 34 concept codes and 6 main categories. In the quantitative part, it was found that all 6 main categories of research have a good fit, so the research model has a good fit. Considering that participation in sports activities has many positive effects for the general public in all angles, it is recommended that the necessary . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - An Analytical Study of Sports Guidelines in the Police Academy
Payam Shokoohi Dehkordi Afshar Mohebbi Hasan ShabaniThe purpose of the present research is the analytical study of sports guidelines in the Police Academy. This strategic study is regarded as a practical research based on its objectives. Data collection was conducted by a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods t MoreThe purpose of the present research is the analytical study of sports guidelines in the Police Academy. This strategic study is regarded as a practical research based on its objectives. Data collection was conducted by a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods through interviews and questionnaires. The statistical population of the research consisted of 250 executives and athletes in the Police Academy. The results of external and internal matrixes indicate that the Police Academy in the Islamic Republic of Iran is dealing some threats such as media's lack of involvement in sports activities, people's inadequate information about different fields of sports, the private sector's lack of tendency to participate in sports events due to not having TV broadcasting, expensive cost of professional equipment and holding competitions, non-active spare time, inappropriate use of modern technology and science in the assemblies in the provinces, not using the knowledge of experienced coaches due to financial problems, instability of the foreign exchange to buy sports equipment, weakness of developmental and planning system, and not allocating sufficient budget for the students' sport activities at the Academy. Due to its military and enclosed atmosphere and cautious approach to some issues outside of the organization, this university has relative weakness which puts it in a passive condition. Therefore, in order to make better use of the upcoming opportunities and situations, the Police Academy ought to apply an invasive approach to continue its accomplishments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Management Methods of International Sports Events (The Case Study of Olympic Games)
Mohammad saeid KianiThe purpose of the present study is to review management methods of international sports events. The methodological approach of the research is qualitative and it aims to answer the following research question: Which of the trade models in project management is suitable MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review management methods of international sports events. The methodological approach of the research is qualitative and it aims to answer the following research question: Which of the trade models in project management is suitable for such a great and breathtaking event like the Olympic Games? With respect to the conducted studies in the Olympics, project managers face different challenges so the adopted models can integrate different and scattered means of project management. The results showed that complete models of project management benefit management approaches and reinforce the definition and application of strategic programs enhancing techniques in project management control. It is also needed to coordinate a sustainable model in the context of Olympic Games until the successful end of a project. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Developing a Model of Sports Participation during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ali ShokrGoftar Zahra Haji Anzahaie Farideh Ashrafganjouei Seyed Hamid Sajjadi hazaveThe aim of the present research was to develop a sports participation model during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research methodology employed a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The qualitative research population included sports management professors, executives MoreThe aim of the present research was to develop a sports participation model during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research methodology employed a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The qualitative research population included sports management professors, executives, experts, and club managers, selected purposefully. The quantitative research population comprised customers, citizens, athletes, and non-athletes of private sports clubs in the Tehran province, with 384 individuals selected as the sample through accessible sampling. In the qualitative section, grounded theory was used for the paradigm model, while in the quantitative section, structural equations with PLS software version 3 were employed. The research results indicated that the concepts were organized into 17 categories, 76 conceptual codes, and six paradigm models, including enabling conditions, the core concept, contextual factors, interveners, strategies, and consequences. The findings revealed that motivational factors, such as contextual conditions, influence sports participation during the COVID-19 period. In this regard, providing incentives through organizational training and encouragement for employees, municipal incentives, and creating awards for sports participation can serve as motivational factors for various demographics to engage in sports programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - The relationship between organizational bullying and organizational silence with organizational pessimism in the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars
omid safari gholamreza safariThe purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between organizational bullying and organizational silence with organizational pessimism among the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. This research is applied and descriptive an MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between organizational bullying and organizational silence with organizational pessimism among the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. This research is applied and descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research was all the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Fars in the number of 114 people, of which 94 people cooperated with the researcher as a sample and using the total number sampling method. To collect data, the standard questionnaires of Inarsen et al.'s (2009) organizational bullying, Dimitris and Kola's (2008) organizational silence, and Din et al.'s (1998) organizational cynicism were used. Descriptive statistics methods were used to describe the data, and Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between organizational bullying and organizational silence with organizational cynicism, and also organizational bullying and organizational silence have the ability to significantly predict subjects' organizational cynicism. (P ≤ 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Designing a model of knowledge management with the educational performance of sports boards of Alborz province
Hossein Poursoltani zarandiThe purpose of this research was to design a model of knowledge management with educational innovation of sports boards of Alborz province. The research method is descriptive and correlation type, which was implemented in the field. The statistical population of this re MoreThe purpose of this research was to design a model of knowledge management with educational innovation of sports boards of Alborz province. The research method is descriptive and correlation type, which was implemented in the field. The statistical population of this research was formed by officials, experts and lecturers of the coaching and refereeing courses of the training committees of sports boards of Alborz province (N=250) in 1402. Due to the small size of the population, the statistical sample was considered as a total number. In order to collect data, Sharon Lawson's knowledge management questionnaires (2003) and Nemati's educational performance questionnaires (2014) were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive indices and Kolmogorov Smironov statistical tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis and path analysis were used in SPSS and LISREL statistical software. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge management and the components of knowledge creation, knowledge evaluation, knowledge supply, knowledge distribution, knowledge application, and knowledge transfer with educational performance. Also, the knowledge distribution component is qualified to predict educational performance. On the other hand, the analysis of the path of the structural model of the research showed that knowledge management has a positive and significant effect on educational performance (T-Value=8.02, β=0.80). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Engineering Entrepreneurial Agency Compared to Learning Organization for Sport Expansion from the View of Executives of Sport and Youth Administrations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari Province
Mahmood Hematiyan Dehkordi Ali Hematiyan DehkordiThe purpose of the present research is to study commonality and differences between two theories of entrepreneurial agency and learning organization from the view of executives in sport and youth administrations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari province and also review the MoreThe purpose of the present research is to study commonality and differences between two theories of entrepreneurial agency and learning organization from the view of executives in sport and youth administrations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari province and also review the impact of main constructs in the first theory on the completion of the second one. The research statistical population consisted of all executives and deputies in sport and youth administrations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari province. Due to limited statistical population, the sample of study was considered to be equal to the whole population including 50 members. The results showed that constructs of the second practical model and double-loop learning have a significant role on recognition and usage of opportunities. Therefore, they complete the theory of entrepreneurial agency and expand sport activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Identification of Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship in the Sports Industry of Iran
Amenah Nikouei Mohammad Reza EsmailiShazandi Farideh AshrafganjoueiThe aim of the present research was to identify the factors influencing entrepreneurship in the sports industry. The research method employed in this study was qualitative research with a thematic analysis approach. Participants in the research included sports managemen MoreThe aim of the present research was to identify the factors influencing entrepreneurship in the sports industry. The research method employed in this study was qualitative research with a thematic analysis approach. Participants in the research included sports management professors, entrepreneurship professors, and individuals with experience in sports business. The sampling process was purposeful and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data analysis was conducted through coding based on theoretical foundations and semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the field. Validity and reliability of the research were ensured through acceptability, transferability, and confirmability. The results of the conducted interviews indicated that the effective factors in entrepreneurship development in the country's sports industry consisted of 60 codes and 4 main factors, including structural factors, environmental factors, behavioral factors, and technological factors. The research results demonstrated that the perception of young individuals about their active role in the job market plays a significant role in their future employment. Therefore, it is suggested that the expectations of young people regarding their future careers be taken into account. Consequently, the importance of sports employment should be prioritized in the decision-making agenda, and a database related to sports occupations should be designed within the framework of sports programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Study of Iran' sport coach's roles
Alireza Azmani NukaabadiThe current research was carried out with the aim of identifying and introducing the roles of sports coaches using the exploratory phenomenological method and thematic analysis method. The participants, twenty coaches and athletes who met the specific criteria of the re MoreThe current research was carried out with the aim of identifying and introducing the roles of sports coaches using the exploratory phenomenological method and thematic analysis method. The participants, twenty coaches and athletes who met the specific criteria of the research, were purposefully selected for in-depth semi-structured interviews. The research participants included all sports coaches and male and female athletes of the country. These people are active in various fields such as championship sports, general sports, disabled sports, fitness, physical fitness, and adventure sports. To select the statistical sample, the purposeful sample selection method was used using the snowball selection strategy. Participants, twenty sport coaches and athletes whom had specific criteria purposefully for semi- structural interviews selected. In order to analyze the data, the thematic analysis method and theme network method were used and processed descriptively and interpretatively. For analysis data, basic themes identify, consequently drives organizing and semantic themes. Results showed five semantic them included teacher, leader, manager, expert and learner. Teacher theme included six themes of instructor, trainer, assessor, demonstrator, life skills instructor and holistic developer. Leader theme included mentor, model and motivator. Manager theme included planer, organizer, strategist, Disciplinarian, risk and safety manager, manager of funding resource, and responsible of public relation. Theme of expert included conditioner, technical, well-being and talent identifier. Learner theme included student, researcher and reflect. In general, it can be acknowledged, this study show that coaches must prepare themselves to coaching because play variety of roles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Explaining the development strategies of the digital organizational culture in order to reduce the withdrawal behaviors of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth
Ebrahim Safari Nodeh Taher Behlekeh Zaynoalabedin Fallah , Mohamad Ali NodehiThe current research was designed and implemented with the aim of designing a model of the role of digital culture in avoiding withdrawal behaviors of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The current research was mixed in terms of practical purpose, in ter MoreThe current research was designed and implemented with the aim of designing a model of the role of digital culture in avoiding withdrawal behaviors of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The current research was mixed in terms of practical purpose, in terms of descriptive-survey data collection method and based on the research approach. In the qualitative part, the theme analysis method was used, and in the quantitative part, the structural equation modeling method was used. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part includes university professors who are experts in the field of organizational culture, digital culture and organizational behavior in sports organizations, as well as selected managers of sports organizations who have management experience of more than 5 years and have master's and doctorate educations. They were selected by purposeful or theoretical sampling. The criteria for selecting these people was to conduct at least two researches in the aforementioned fields (18 people); and in the quantitative part, the statistical population included all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (901 people). The tools of this research included semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The results of the thematic analysis showed that the digital culture, which includes creating innovation, is an open culture. , digital mentality, agility and flexibility, customer orientation and data-driven decision-making can have an impact on employee withdrawal behaviors, which include team, voluntary, job-related and disciplinary behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - An Analysis of the Effect of Psychological Capital on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Its Components in the Form of Structural Equation Modeling
علی نصراصفهانی نرگس مهدیه نجف آبادیThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior through Amos software. This study is a descriptive-survey research from the population of 249 faculty members from three faculties of the University of MoreThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior through Amos software. This study is a descriptive-survey research from the population of 249 faculty members from three faculties of the University of Isfahan, from whom a sample of 98 persons were selected by cluster random sampling. The sample answered the Organizatioan Citizenship Behavior (Netemeyer et al., 1988) and Psychological Capital (Luthans et al., 2007) Questionnaires. The results of path analysis via Amos software indicated that psychological capital have a direct and significant effect on the organizational citizenship behavior (P < 0.01). Also psychological capital was effective indirectly with the mediation of organizational citizenship bihavior variable on altruism, concientiousness and civic virtue (P < 0.05). But, the effect of psychological capital on sportmanship in the model was not confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Comparison of personality characteristics and personality types of contact and non- contact sport majors
Shirin Khosravi Sayed Abbas HaghayeghThe aim of the present research was the comparison of characteristic and types of personality between the athletes of contact and non- contact sport majors. It was a type of scientific-comparative research and its statistical population consisted of the professional spo MoreThe aim of the present research was the comparison of characteristic and types of personality between the athletes of contact and non- contact sport majors. It was a type of scientific-comparative research and its statistical population consisted of the professional sport activities in 2015. The forenamed samples consisted of 120 persons, including 2 groups 60 member’s athletes of contact and non- contact sport majors, which were opted by the way of accessible sampling technique the research instruments were Big Five Personality Factor Inventory (NEO-PI-R) (Costa & McCrae, 1985), and A/B Personality Type Questionnaire (Friedman & Roseman, 1963), which were completed by the participants. Data was analyzed using independent t-test, and analysis of covariance in SPSS23. The results implied that in personality types of Big Five Personality Factor Inventory (there are a significant difference between the contact/non-contact group’s depressions.) The scores of the contact sport player in depression variable is more than the scores of the non-contact sport player (p=0/020). Furthermore, according to this results there is a significant difference between the contact/ non- contact groups personality types (P=0/039). In personality types the non- contact sport major player’s score is more than the contact sport major players. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Examining the Role of ostracism workplace on work engagement : with mediating emotional intelligence (Case Study: Sports and Youth General Administration staff in Tehran)
abbasali rastgar Mohsen Farhadinejad Eghbal JabariThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ostracism workplace on work engagement by mediating emotional intelligence in the staff of General Administration of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province. The method of research is descriptive-survey. The statist MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ostracism workplace on work engagement by mediating emotional intelligence in the staff of General Administration of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province. The method of research is descriptive-survey. The statistical population includes 180 employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province. Among the statistical population, 120 people were selected based on Cochran's relation with 5% error by simple random sampling method. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. Cronbach's alpha for work engagement is 0/901, ostracism workplace is 0/918 and emotional intelligence is 0/937. To analyze the research data, structural equation modeling using SMART -PLS soft ware was used. The results of the research indicate that the negative effect of ostracism workplace on work engagement with the mediation of emotional intelligence is among the staff of the Department of Sports and Youth of Tehran province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Investigating the English-Specific Needs of the M.A Students of Sports Science in Iran
Sedigheh Vahdat Zohreh Gooniband Shooshtari Niloofar Bina Masoud Nikbakht -
Open Access Article
236 - the Factors Affecting the Export Performance of Sporting Products to Achieve a World Class with an Emphasis on Human Resource Development
Forough Mohammadi Narges Azam nezami Masoumeh Kalateh Mohammad Hossein Razavi Hasan FarsijaniThe purpose of this paper was to level the factors affecting the export performance of sports products to reach the global class with an emphasis on human resource development by employing interpretive-structural modeling. The current research is a mixture of developmen MoreThe purpose of this paper was to level the factors affecting the export performance of sports products to reach the global class with an emphasis on human resource development by employing interpretive-structural modeling. The current research is a mixture of developmental and applied. Based on the Galyzeri approach and deep interview with 15 people (sports marketing, economists, industrial management) in the NVIVO10 software environment, the main factors of the model were identified in the form of 92 open source, 13 selective and 5 theoretical codes, and then using the interpretive- The structure in the MATLAB2014 software Based on the Galyzeri approach and deep interview with 15 people (sports marketing, economists, industrial management) in the NVIVO10 software environment, the main factors of the model were identified in the form of 92 open source, 13 selective and 5 theoretical codes, and then using the interpretive- The structure in the MATLAB2014 software environment is the level and internal relationships between extraction factors and finally classified based on MICMAC analysis of power and dependency. The results showed that model factors are located in 5 levels and motivate people for human resources, trust building, organizational communication, training and human resource skills at the fifth level of the model and have the most impact on human resource development (level four), quality, Innovation, flexibility, cost reduction, time reduction, sales and after-sales services (third level), production and service in the world class (second level), world-class sports industry, and the empowerment of export performance of sports products (Level one) . In MICMAC analysis, human resource development factors (independent variables) that stimulate and motivate other factors. Based on the results of the research, successful and effective sports managers and marketers, by establishing effective communication mechanisms with individuals inside and outside the organization, identifying and educating people, empowering, motivating, and building trust can lead to the development of world-class human resources to the extent of empowerment The export performance of sports products and the boom in the production of Iranian sports goods are provided.by establishing effective communication mechanisms with individuals inside and outside the organization, identifying and educating people, empowering, motivating, and building trust can lead to the development of world-class human resources to the extent of empowerment The export performance of sports products and the boom in the production of Iranian sports goods are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Designing a sociological model for the development of the range of sports tourism in the northwest of the country
farid pourbeirami hir Mehrdad Moharamzade Masoud Imanzadeh Simin Esgandari DastgiriObjective : The purpose o f this research was t o designing a sociological model for the development of the range of sports tourism in the northwest o f the country . Methodology : The research method was descriptive - correlation type. The statistical population o f th MoreObjective : The purpose o f this research was t o designing a sociological model for the development of the range of sports tourism in the northwest o f the country . Methodology : The research method was descriptive - correlation type. The statistical population o f the research was manager s and employees o f touri sm institution s in the northwest o f the country . Estimation of the statistical sample t o a sufficient number based o n each item , 10 people were randomly selected . Therefore , 1 30 peop le were estimated t o have 10 times the number o f variable questions with the highest number o f 1 3 question s in the variable ( building the capacity o f the chain o f sports tourism destinations ) . Ten scientific and executive experts were asked t o evaluate content validity . Then, the combined reliability and validity o f the structure was checked and confirmed in the final stage using PLS software .Results : The result s of the factor analysis o f the construct s o f each o f the nine main variable s showed that all the component s have a significant explanatory role . The path analysis also showed that the relationship s between the nine main variable s i n a sequence from independent variable s t o dependent variable s are positive and significant, and the conceptual model has a good fit .Conclu sion : Based o n the find ing s o f the research, the current developed model can create a tremendou s change i n sport s tourism in the northwest o f the country, and i t is necessary for the interested and relevant official s t o develop physical, ecological, social, and political capacitie s for the development and development o f sport s tourism . and economic and include them in the plan s and provide tourism destination s with main and support ing services f or perfect and enjoyable delivery t o sports tourist s . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Sports Success by using Bayesian Analysis Approach (Case Study: Athletes of the Iranian National Canoe-Polo Team)
Zohre Meshkati Sahar Faeghi Amir Timor Payandeh Najafabadi,Objective: This study aims at investigating the relationship of cultural intelligence in the Iran national team canoe-polo athletes with athletic achievement.Methodology: This study is descriptive- correlation and the subjects are all Iran national team canoe-polo athle MoreObjective: This study aims at investigating the relationship of cultural intelligence in the Iran national team canoe-polo athletes with athletic achievement.Methodology: This study is descriptive- correlation and the subjects are all Iran national team canoe-polo athletes including 22 individuals (8 males and 14 females). The research method consisted of a researcher-made cultural-sports intelligence questionnaire (with four major dimensions of cognitive, Meta-cognitive, motivational and behavioral). The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a 0.94 coefficient of ordinal theta for cultural intelligence. Hypothesis testing was done through the Bayesian Analysis Approach capable of doing structural analysis with a small sample volume by AMOS software.Results: Findings showed that the measurement model of all tracks the cultural intelligence factor and its dimension together with the amount of achievement at the %95 level. There was not a significant difference between cultural intelligence and none of its dimensions in male and female athletes of Iran national team (0.776 ≥ 0.05).Conclusion: According to research findings and cultural intelligence ability to be trained as helping keys in reaching athletic achievement, it is recommended that canoe-polo officials and sports managers try to understand the need, plan and train the athletes so that it will be an act of improving the socio-cultural aspect of this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Sport Sociology
Ahmadreza MovahediSociology of sport is considered as one of the sub-disciplines of sociology. Sport, as a social phenomenon, could be studied in the field of sociology. Sociology of sport aims to discuss the relationship and interaction of people, sport, and physical activity. Athletes MoreSociology of sport is considered as one of the sub-disciplines of sociology. Sport, as a social phenomenon, could be studied in the field of sociology. Sociology of sport aims to discuss the relationship and interaction of people, sport, and physical activity. Athletes who compete or train athlete who competes different sports, and non-athletes who involve themselves in sports and physical activity for health related physical fitness purposes, could be included and studied by the field of sport sociology. Social structures, Social patterns, organizations and socio-cultural groups related to sports fall into the field of sports sociology. There is no doubt that in today's world, sport has both direct and indirect impact on economy and culture of a society. This is why the sport related economy and culture need to be studied by the field of sociology of sport.The origins of sociology of sport date back to the end of the nineteenth century, when the effect of sports competition on groups and society was discussed and examined. Subsequently, sport and games were considered as basic and essential pillars for the creation of culture. The mentioned notion led to the emergence and development of the sociology of sport, so that in 1970, the sociology of sport was considered as an organized field of study, and for the first time, in 1978, the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport was formed with the aim of studying the field. These efforts led to the publication of the "Journal of Sports Sociology".Socialization in sport and through sport is the most important issue in the field of sport sociology. Other topics and areas related to sports sociology include: sports and national identity, globalization and sports competitions, media and professional sports, competitive sports and society, immigration and sports, commercialization of sports, violence and sports, gender and sports, and race (ethnicity) and sports, and sports and drug abuse.Research journals have been developed around the world to study topics related to the field of sports sociology. The most important journals are International Review for the Sociology of Sport (UK, Sage Publications), Sociology of Sport Journal (USA, Human Kinetics Publications), Research in the Sociology of Sport (UK, Emerlad Publications), and Sport in Society (UK, Taylor & Francis Publications).In Iran, research journals of sport sciences have been published, and maximum effort has been made to publish journals in specialized fields of sport sciences including sports physiology, sports injuries, motor behavior, sports management, etc. In the meantime, the need to a research journal that publishes studies related to interdisciplinary topics in sociology, sports and physical activity is quite apparent. The Journal of Strategic Sociological Studies in Sports will address this gap. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - The Analysis match of identity Form and content advertising Sport with Strategic purporsts Islamic-Iranian model of progress
HAMID MOEINFARD Rasool NazariObjective: AObjective: The aim of this study was to analyze the correspondence between the form identity and the content of sports advertisements with the strategic themes of the Iranian-Islamic model of progress.Methodology: The research was descriptive and survey meth MoreObjective: AObjective: The aim of this study was to analyze the correspondence between the form identity and the content of sports advertisements with the strategic themes of the Iranian-Islamic model of progress.Methodology: The research was descriptive and survey method. The statistical population of this study was all sports management and marketing experts working in sports organizations and Isfahan municipality with a statistical population of 150 people. Based on Cohen (2000) formula, the sample size was estimated to be 108 people who were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. In a pilot study based on the method of halving the data using Cronbach's alpha test, the reliability (α = 0.86) was reported. Also, face and content validity was confirmed by ten professors of sports management.Results: results indicate a significant difference between the current situation and the desired situation of matching the form identity, content, strategy of sports advertising with emphasis on the Iranian-Islamic model of progress (p <0.05). Conclusion: The model written by the Iranian elite and emphasized by the Supreme Leader and can be followed by this significant difference between the form, content, identification and strategic approach of sports advertising with the concept of the Iranian-Islamic model of progress and its components (science, life, Thought and spirituality) prevented.Therefore, a suitable ground should be provided for the full recognition of this model by the officials of advertising organizations and its application in all dimensions. At the same time, a suitable platform should be provided for obtaining information and knowledge about the content of propaganda messages in which the concept of being Iranian and being Islamic can be seen. A suitable platform for accurate knowledge of culture and society should be provided so that it can move in a certain direction and direction based on it and have a suitable pattern to provide a platform where more components of advertising are known and information about it is accurate so that it can be used as a criterion for predicting changes. Although some views of the Iranian-Islamic model have been used in sports advertising, but those in charge tend to use attractive international symbols for the audience, so a suitable platform should be provided to better understand the concept of the Iranian-Islamic model of progress to the form and content of sports advertising. It led to the Iranian-Islamic concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - The role of self-management skills in organizational inertia with the mediation of transformational leadership in the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth
Mahdi Ebrahimbysalami Saeid Sedaghati Mohammad Hasan Ferdowsi vali nowzariObjective: The main goal of this research is to determine the role of self-management skills in organizational inertia with the mediation of transformative leadership in the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Methodology: The current research is considered a MoreObjective: The main goal of this research is to determine the role of self-management skills in organizational inertia with the mediation of transformative leadership in the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Methodology: The current research is considered as part of applied research in terms of its purpose, and in terms of strategy, it is a survey (localization). The statistical population of the current research consists of 830 managers and employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The statistical sample of the research includes 265 managers and employees of the target community. The research tools include the transformational leadership style questionnaire of Bass and Olive (2000) with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88, Manz's self-management skills questionnaire (2009) with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82, and Goodkin and Alcorn's organizational inertia questionnaire (2008) with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95. be In addition, in order to determine the normality of the normal distribution of the data, the skewness and kurtosis test, the homogeneity of variances using the Levine test, comparing the averages with the standard average using the one-sample t test, and determining the effect of the research variables on each other, structural equation modeling was used. Results: The results of the research showed that the average of self-management skills, transformational leadership and organizational inertia in the Ministry of Sports and Youth is higher than average. At the same time, self-management skills and transformative leadership have a significant effect on the organizational inertia of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Conclusion: Also, self-management skills have a significant effect on organizational inertia with the mediating role of transformative leadership in the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and according to the indicators and outputs of the model, the said model has a good fit.Objective: The main goal of this research is to determine the role of self-management skills in organizational inertia with the mediation of transformative leadership in the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Methodology: The current research is considered as part of applied research in terms of its purpose, and in terms of strategy, it is a survey (localization). The statistical population of the current research consists of 830 managers and employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The statistical sample of the research includes 265 managers and employees of the target community. The research tools include the transformational leadership style questionnaire of Bass and Olive (2000) with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88, Manz's self-management skills questionnaire (2009) with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82, and Goodkin and Alcorn's organizational inertia questionnaire (2008) with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95. be In addition, in order to determine the normality of the normal distribution of the data, the skewness and kurtosis test, the homogeneity of variances using the Levine test, comparing the averages with the standard average using the one-sample t test, and determining the effect of the research variables on each other, structural equation modeling was used. Results: The results of the research showed that the average of self-management skills, transformational leadership and organizational inertia in the Ministry of Sports and Youth is higher than average. At the same time, self-management skills and transformative leadership have a significant effect on the organizational inertia of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Conclusion: Also, self-management skills have a significant effect on organizational inertia with the mediating role of transformative leadership in the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and according to the indicators and outputs of the model, the said model has a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Compilation of the strategic themes of sport in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces: Geographic sociological approac
elham behzadi seif abab Seyad Ehsan Amirhosseini Ali PirzadCompilation of the strategic themes of the sociological geographic study of sport in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provincesThe purpose of this study was to develop strategic themes for land management in the sports sector of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. The purpo MoreCompilation of the strategic themes of the sociological geographic study of sport in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provincesThe purpose of this study was to develop strategic themes for land management in the sports sector of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. The purpose of this study was to develop strategic themes for land management in the sports sector of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. Research Method The present study is a survey study with a developmental approach in accordance with the critical paradigm, which was conducted in the field. The participants of the research were experts from the province. A total of 205 people were selected through targeted snowball sampling. A combination of qualitative open-ended questionnaire and interview methods and quantitative coefficient and ranking methods were used for data collection and analysis. The research tool was a checklist derived from the landscaping analysis approaches of the sports sector , whose face and content validity was approved by sports management experts. Respondents were asked to list the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of this sport, while using the GIS, the model was presented in a descriptive-analytical method and part of the information obtained in a soft environment. Arc-GIS software was analyzed.The development of the sports sector of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province is in line with the land management approach in the province, which is in accordance with the approach of developing the land management of the sports sector .The general result of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province sports planning studies showed that there is an unbalanced distribution of places and spaces in sports sector in the province, while according to the position matrix and strategic action approach of Kohgiluyeh province sports strategy and Boyer Ahmed is a type of competitive strategy.The general result of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province sports planning studies showed that there is an unbalanced distribution of places and spaces in sports sector in the province, while according to the position matrix and strategic action approach of Kohgiluyeh province sports strategy and Boyer Ahmed is a type of competitive strategy.Keywords: Landscaping, Program, Sports, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Strategic.Keywords: Landscaping, Program, Sports, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Strategic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Explaining the shaping factors of improving the social status of students through sports activities: a case study of medical students
Alireza badri ahmadreza askari amir nadri reza masoodiAbstractObjective: Awareness of the values of physical activity affects the voluntary quality of students' personality and the level of their desire to succeed, and the positive attitude of students towards physical activity is an effective factor in the formation of a MoreAbstractObjective: Awareness of the values of physical activity affects the voluntary quality of students' personality and the level of their desire to succeed, and the positive attitude of students towards physical activity is an effective factor in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, intellectual abilities, and also the important characteristics of the profession. is The purpose of the current research is to explain the factors that shape the improvement of students' social status through sports activities: a case study of medical students.Methodology: The current research is of a mixed type, in terms of the purpose of the developmental-applicative type, the plan of its implementation is sequential-exploratory, and it was carried out in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes the assistant professors of physical education of the universities of medical sciences in the country, professors with books or research in the field of student sports, high-ranking people of the National Federation of University Sports, and for the quantitative part of the research, all students of medical sciences universities throughout Iran as a community were studied. The sampling method in the qualitative part included the purposeful sampling method (deliberate or judgmental), and the sampling was done using the snowball technique until the theoretical saturation was reached; which was obtained after interviewing 19 people. In the quantitative part, cluster random method was used and finally 400 people were selected as a sample. The data collection tool was used in the qualitative part of the semi-structured, in-depth and exploratory interview; The research audit was done with the methods of believability, transferability, reliability and verifiability. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used. However, in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire from the qualitative part of the tool was used. Content validity was measured and confirmed by 10 expert professors in a corrective manner and in accordance with the objectives, and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through Cronbach's alpha. Maxqda, SPSS and Amos software were used for the analysis.Results: The results showed that the codes extracted from the interview in 6 main categories are equal to 191 codes, the causal conditions are equal to 7 components and 27 codes, the central phenomenon is equal to 3 components and 11 extracted codes, the background conditions are equal to With 7 components and 36 extracted codes, intervention conditions are equal to 8 components and 41 extracted codes, strategic conditions are equal to 8 components and 43 codes, and consequential conditions are equal to 5 components and 24 extracted codes. Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the causal factors on the central phenomenon (r=0.84); the central phenomenon on strategic factors (r=0.75); background factors over strategic factors (r=0.29); Interfering factors have a positive and significant effect on strategic factors (r=0.55) and strategic factors on outcome factors (r=0.28) (p≥0.05).Conclusion: The development of university sports can guarantee the health of students and one of the effective factors in the development of sports in the country. Accordingly, the role of universities is important for the development of sports in the country. Identifying the platforms and factors for the development of sports in universities, especially universities of medical sciences, in addition to improving the health of students, improves the social status of students. What seems to be very important and necessary is the formulation of macro goals, policies and implementation strategies of university sports for students of medical sciences universities in a targeted manner and in accordance with the fourth development plan and the comprehensive system of physical education and sports. be the country Finally, by applying this model, we can hope that a tremendous change will be achieved in the field of improving the social status of medical students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Designing a conscious prediction system based on future literacy: social constraints in sport for all
Javad shahvali kohshouri Hadiseh BahramiObjective: Objective: After explaining the relationship between constraints and future research, one of the things that are effective in predicting or even making future in all areas is future literacy. It can be acknowledged that future literacy is a scientific skill t MoreObjective: Objective: After explaining the relationship between constraints and future research, one of the things that are effective in predicting or even making future in all areas is future literacy. It can be acknowledged that future literacy is a scientific skill that develops a better understanding of the predicted assumptions. Future literacy or future is an educational framework that makes it possible to visualize the approaches for the future.Health-centric exercise or sports for all are sports activities that are followed by the vitality of joy and health at the level of different societies. Future or lost literacy is a valuable futures study in sports. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to design a general informed forecasting system based on future literacy, which in this study was specifically tested on public sports.Methodology: This qualitative research, which is exploratory-fundamental in nature, with a focus on social constructivism and using the constructivist approach of the basic theory, presents a short-range theory in conscious forecasting based on future literacy. Research data were collected through purposive sampling using snowball technique and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of futures, research and sports management. The number of participants in the study using the theoretical saturation index reached 14 people.In this study, data were coded and decomposed according to the field theory and with the construction approach. Instead of emphasizing the collection of facts and describing the actions, this approach emphasizes views, values, beliefs, feelings, defaults and ideologies of individuals. At the same time, interviews and receive feedback from interviewees during return to existing texts and documents, initial implications and codes were modified and modified. In this research, in all sampling process, three stages of free, communication and theoretical sampling stages were observed in the basis of the use of the construction approach of data theorem.Results: In this study, a multi-part model consisting of the main components of support processes, main processes, future images, future literacy and approaches was obtained. In this model, it was found that future literacy, which means encoding and decoding future images, can make conscious predictions about the future of public sports by using present-day potentials and existing processes.Conclusion: The arbitrary theory acknowledges that future literacy, which is an accessible skill based on human intrinsic capacity, can be based on current time potentials such as the main processes, such as identifying weak signals, surprises, macro trends, propulsion forces, uncertainties, design Strategic radar, based on environmental scanning and backup processes, such as inter-surface participation, key actor analysis, perspective, planning, entirely, cramps, and reengineering, make upcoming images; The upcoming literacy by decoding or coding these images based on the empowerment loop, which consists of four elements of awareness of the past and present, choosing and participating in the present and discovering in the coming time, provide information for different future.The existing system, beyond the conventional views in futures studies, can be a starting point for modeling informed predictions in sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Presenting the Pattern of Mentoring Behavior of Iranian Sports Managers: As a strategic behavior
Fariba Rafeei Dehkordi Rasool Nazari Parisa NiazyObjective: The purpose of this study is to introduce and present a model of strategic behavior called mentoring behavior of sports managers.Methodology:The present research method has been done using a constructivist approach in the data theory of the Charms Foundation MoreObjective: The purpose of this study is to introduce and present a model of strategic behavior called mentoring behavior of sports managers.Methodology:The present research method has been done using a constructivist approach in the data theory of the Charms Foundation (2006). Data collection and analysis were performed consciously and simultaneously and logical purposeful sampling method with snowball sampling technique was used for in-depth interviews and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation. For this study, 26 interviews were conducted with individuals with experience in the field of sports management individually. Data analysis method was a four-step process of free, centralized, pivotal and theoretically constructive coding.Results :In the initial coding stage of the interviews, about 115 sentences were implemented. About 80 initial codes were identified and marked by the researcher in the first stage. In the next step, the initial codes of the previous step were transformed into 25 basic concepts and 5 categories. In centralized coding, finally, five behavioral characteristics were classified with titles, conformist behavior, perfectionist behavior, self-directed behavior, role-oriented behavior, and effective behavior, so that each of these behaviors includes other concepts.Conclusion:Due to the different types of leadership styles and personality types and due to the presence of knowledge and skills in sports managers, a knot is expected regarding solving problems inside and outside the organization and unique decisions by managers due to masterful behavior. In general, the results showed that mentoring is the relationship between the mentor and the disciple, which is a direct and long-term relationship between an experienced and knowledgeable person and a newcomer in order to nurture the professional and professional development of the disciple. According to the results of the research, the guiding behavior of managers in sports organizations for all levels of management is considered and emphasized. This is especially important for new middle managers and operations managers when they are first hired for such an organizational position. It is also hoped that the managers of other organizations will use the characteristics of mentoring behavior and use the research results to develop human resources and managers. The findings of this study introduce the characteristics and behaviors of mentors in the form of five behaviors including compliance behavior, perfectionist behavior, self-directed behavior, role-oriented behavior and effective behavior. First, masterful behavior emphasizes the need to pay attention to others, preferring the interests of others to one's own interests, which includes empathy, altruism, willingness to serve and forgiveness, humility and friendship. Second, perfectionist behavior, which is based on the individual's enduring desire to set complete and achievable criteria that constructively highlights the behaviors of sports managers that emphasize the concepts of criticism, futurism, spiritual attitude, justice and confidence-building power. Is included. The third behavior is self-directed behavior, which emphasizes the manager-centered behaviors that are related to employees and includes responsibility, positivity, honesty in information and comprehensiveness. Role-oriented behavior that focuses on the need for managers in the career path of employees, which emphasizes role modeling, role mastery, information scaffolding, guidance, desire for the ideal of career advancement, desire for team building. Effective behavior emphasizes behaviors that are used to persuade and influence others, including encouraging curiosity about teach ability, competitiveness, ideation, and communicative attractiveness for influence. Due to the different types of leadership styles and personality types and due to the presence of knowledge and skills in sports managers, a knot is expected to solve problems inside and outside the organization and unique decisions by managers due to the guidance behavior. They open. Overall, the research findings on the proposed model open a new horizon for understanding and drawing the behavioral pattern of managers in a sports organization that can contribute to the development of knowledge retention and organizational memory and the development of knowledge boundaries in organizational behavior. Therefore, achieving the model of managerial behavior of managers opens new doors in the literature of organizational behavior that can be the source of future studies of thinkers and researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - A Comparative Study of Civil Liability for Sporting Accidents (Based on Fault) between Iranian and Common Law
Meghdad Mahmoodi Alami Vahid Shojaei Mohammad Hami Mohammad SanaeiIn private law, it is very important to define the basis of civil liability. As Stark puts it, it is no exaggeration to say that civil liability is the most important thing in private law. In civil liability, it is said that no one should harm another and no harm should MoreIn private law, it is very important to define the basis of civil liability. As Stark puts it, it is no exaggeration to say that civil liability is the most important thing in private law. In civil liability, it is said that no one should harm another and no harm should be left without compensation. The rules of civil liability are so flexible in some cases that they pass by some damages without compensation. In other words, some activities, the most prominent of which are sports activities, on the one hand, cause harms, and on the other hand, have found so much social, spiritual and material value that they force the rules of responsibility to comply with their rights. Civil liability, which demands compensation for all damages, should give up its slogan.Injured consent was initially considered a complete defense in the Commonwealth. Violence and injury are unintended consequences of the increasing spread of sport. An important part of the losses and injuries are related to sports operations (games and sports competitions). This research seeks to examine the responsibility of athletes in sporting events and to determine the circumstances in which a person is held responsible. The role of fault in sports accidents in Iranian and common law is also examined. In common Law when a person does the job carelessly and the result is harm to another according to the law, the offender is responsible for any damage she has caused. Determining the basis of liability and the athlete responsible for injury in sports accidents is an important issue in civil liability. In fact, civil liability seeks to restore the right to the victim and leave no harm without compensation. To identify the person responsible for sports accidents, one must refer to two important features of sports activities, namely, the doctrine of inherent dangers and the doctrine of risk acceptance. The principle of inherent risk and acceptance of risk is also accepted in our law and the ability to cite is considered a criterion of responsibility, but this criterion does not negate the principle of fault and fault is at the heart of this concept of citation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Presenting a grounded theory model of Iranian sports coaching competency
Alireza Zamani NukaabadiIntroduction: Coaching competence has grown from the conceptual model of coaching efficiency and is defined as the evaluation of the coach's ability to influence the learning and performance of athletes, but in a wide range it can be considered as the athletes' percepti MoreIntroduction: Coaching competence has grown from the conceptual model of coaching efficiency and is defined as the evaluation of the coach's ability to influence the learning and performance of athletes, but in a wide range it can be considered as the athletes' perceptions of coaching behavior. The aim of this study was to study the competency of sports coaching with Glaser-based data approach. Methodology: Philosophically, this research is in an interpretative paradigm and of a qualitative research type, in which the exploratory approach and theory formulation model were used. In this research, Glazer's approach (which is an Emerging Design of data-based theory) was used. The population of the study was coaches and athletes who had at least ten years of continuous experience in high levels of sports and physical education and sports science education. The purposeful sampling method was used to select the participants. Participants in the study were twenty coaches and athletes who were active in championship, sport for all, professional, disabled, fitness, and adventure sports, and were purposefully selected. In-depth interviews were used to collect data. According to the stages of the grounded theory research method, the theoretical sampling process continued until the theoretical adequacy was achieved. Theoretical saturation was achieved in the 17th interview, but 3 more interviews were also conducted. Analysis data in three stages of open, theoretical and selective coding, and the causes, Contingent, Context, Condition and Consequence of sports coaching competence were identified. Finding: Causes included coaching knowledge, coaching philosophy, and sports experience. Coaching knowledge included sports science, coaching science, pedagogy knowledge, specialized knowledge of sports and practical knowledge. Coaching philosophy included central values and beliefs, love for coaching and artistic thinking, and sports experiences included sports experiences as athletes, experiences as trainees, and experiences as assistants. Contingent included individual characteristics, strong social relationships, being model, and a desire for growth and excellence that formed the category of individual competence. Conditions included skills, behavior, and role-playing that formed the category of professional competence. Context included managing and recognizing the sports environment, which formed the category of managerial competence. Consequent included sport results and social results. Sport results include Improving the physical components of the players, improving the technical components of the players, identifying and developing the talent of the players, preparing the athletes to participate in sports fields and high victory records. Social results included Education and training of ethical athletes, instilling a good role model in athletes, creating a sense of healthy competition in athletes, instilling motivation to progress and hope in athletes, draining negative emotions in athletes, promoting a desirable lifestyle in athletes, developing the creativity of athletes.Conclusion: Management competence provides the context for coaching competence. Professional competence provides the conditions for coaching competence. Individual competence provides the requirements for coaching competence. Three factors (coaching knowledge, philosophe, sport' experiences) directly and three factors (management, professional and individual' competencies) indirectly affect coaching competency. Based on the findings, it can be stated that various factors are involved in coaching competence and coaching competence is a multifaceted phenomenon. The competence of the coach has a positive relationship with people's passion for sports, and the more competent the coach is, the more motivation and enthusiasm she can provide for the athletes. The result of a sports coach's competence is the trust of the players, managers and fans in that coach, and the higher the level of competence of the coach is perceived, the more trust she/he has. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Identifying the factors affecting the Brand Associations of Iranian Futsal Premier League clubs
Rasoul Tarighi Hossein Ahmadi Maliheh Salehi RostamiObjective: Sport has become increasingly commercial, and sports institutions have become more professional over the years. Thus,Today, brand management is an increasingly important field in marketing management. Brand Associations is the most famous and valuable relatio MoreObjective: Sport has become increasingly commercial, and sports institutions have become more professional over the years. Thus,Today, brand management is an increasingly important field in marketing management. Brand Associations is the most famous and valuable relationship that a customer shares with a brand. Brand Associations reflects the relationship between the customer and the brand. Brand Associationscan strengthen the customer's desire to repurchase and brand loyalty. Considering the emotional and cognitive link of dependence, its consequences can also be categorized. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to Identifying the factors affecting the Brand Associations of Iranian Futsal Premier League clubs (Case study: Sari Sharvand Futsal Club).Methodology: The research method is correlation and is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study included all fans of sari shahrvand futsal team. The sample size is infinite and the sample size is 384 people. To calculate the sample size in this study, the Cochran's formula for unlimited communities has been used. A researcher-made questionnaire was prepared by studying the sources. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by ten professors of sports management and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. The statistical tests of this research were structural equations modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)Results: Findings showed that all research variables including success and fan identity, knowledge, coach, socialization, tradition, product, importance, logo, peer group acceptance, management, nostalgia, stadium, escape from everyday life, stadium atmosphere, education and Training, star player and pride in the place of living have a positive and significant effect on the brand affiliation of Iranian Futsal Premier League clubs (Sari shahrvand Futsal Club), respectively.Conclusion: Due to the fact that league football clubs in the country, with a large number of fans, have a high capacity to generate revenue through activities related to brand management. Because one of the biggest problems of Iranian football clubs is their lack of common income in world football. Clubs in Iran have no income other than a small share of ticket sales and receiving money from shirt sponsors, and their eyes are on the hands of the government and the Ministry of Sports and the supporting capitalists. Therefore, it is suggested to the managers and officials of the Sari Shahvand Futsal Premier League Club that they take the necessary care in using the results of this research to advance the goals of the club. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - The model of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development: social constructionism with the foundation's data approach
marziyeh aboutalebi Rasool NazariIntroduction: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases is one of the first stages of health promotion management in society. An operational strategy for this purpose is exercise and physical activity. Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to present MoreIntroduction: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases is one of the first stages of health promotion management in society. An operational strategy for this purpose is exercise and physical activity. Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to present a model of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development based on social constructionism. Methodology: The present study was conducted qualitatively and with the data theory method of the foundation. Research data was collected through purposeful sampling and snowball method and based on interviews with 21 experts with experience in the field of health-oriented sports. The data were coded and analyzed based on the data-based theory and Cahrmaz's constructivist approach. Findings: 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 core codes were identified. The main factors of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development have been identified, including the main players, education, sustainable physical activity, health promotion management, planning, trainers, sports areas, literacy and sense of sustainability. Conclusion: The main factors identified with 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 central codes were identified. It is suggested that the officials of the organizations review the mission and vision of their organizations with the approach of the management role of promoting health with sports in order to achieve sustainable development. Introduction: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases is one of the first stages of health promotion management in society. An operational strategy for this purpose is exercise and physical activity. Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to present a model of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development based on social constructionism. Methodology: The present study was conducted qualitatively and with the data theory method of the foundation. Research data was collected through purposeful sampling and snowball method and based on interviews with 21 experts with experience in the field of health-oriented sports. The data were coded and analyzed based on the data-based theory and Cahrmaz's constructivist approach. Findings: 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 core codes were identified. The main factors of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development have been identified, including the main players, education, sustainable physical activity, health promotion management, planning, trainers, sports areas, literacy and sense of sustainability. Conclusion: The main factors identified with 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 central codes were identified. It is suggested that the officials of the organizations review the mission and vision of their organizations with the approach of the management role of promoting health with sports in order to achieve sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Presenting a sports entrepreneurship model with a social capital approach based on data foundation theory
Parisa Niazy Fariba Rafeei DehkordiObjective: Entrepreneurship plays a key role in today's competitive, market-based economy. In other words, in a dynamic economy, ideas, products and services are always changing, and in the meantime, it is the entrepreneur who brings a model for coping and adapting to n MoreObjective: Entrepreneurship plays a key role in today's competitive, market-based economy. In other words, in a dynamic economy, ideas, products and services are always changing, and in the meantime, it is the entrepreneur who brings a model for coping and adapting to new conditions. One of the ways to deal with the current changing conditions is the existence of social capital in the entrepreneurial business. The purpose of this study was to present a sports entrepreneurship model with a social capital approach based on data foundation theory.Methodology: The research method in this study was qualitative that using the data theory strategy of Strauss and Carbin Foundation, the views of the interviewees about the components of sports entrepreneurship were analyzed with a social capital approach. Participants in the present study were specialists and experts in sports management, sociology and entrepreneurship. Research sampling was based on theoretical method; Sampling continued until the categories reached theoretical saturation. The number of samples was not determined before the research was conducted and the sampling process continued until some information saturation was obtained; This means that no new information is extracted from the data during the interview. Theoretical saturation was obtained after interviewing 18 people. The tools of the present study were in-depth and exploratory interviews. The validity of the findings was determined by matching methods by members, peer review and pilot interviews. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data.Results: After the interviews, the open, pivotal and selective coding process in the form of 6 dimensions of the paradigm model includes: causal causes such as institutionalizing the culture of entrepreneurship, institutionalizing the culture of teamwork, dynamizing the community economy, central categories such as creating a culture of participation. Creating entrepreneurial thinking in managers, supporting innovative projects and increasing the trust of strategies such as reforming the structure of organizations, entrepreneurship education, equitable distribution of wealth and power. Such as personality traits, social class of individuals, non-competitive environment and consequences such as reducing unemployment, increasing social welfare and improving quality of life were identified.Conclusion: Social capital has a dynamic and self-evolutionary character. Thus, with the help of social capital, entrepreneurs are able to facilitate social relations in business and thus take steps to maintain and strengthen social cohesion and solidarity, and ultimately the development of their business. Based on the paradigm model obtained from the research, it can be acknowledged that entrepreneurs must use strategies to create and develop social capital in their business to be more successful.Keywords: Social Capital, Sports Industry, Entrepreneurship, Foundation Data Theory Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - The role of human resource management on the maintenance of coaches of sports clubs in Isfahan during the covid 19
gholamreza dadkhah mina MostahfeziyanObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of human resource management on the maintenance of coaches in sports clubs in Isfahan during the Covid period. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of human resource management MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of human resource management on the maintenance of coaches in sports clubs in Isfahan during the Covid period. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of human resource management on the maintenance of coaches in sports clubs in Isfahan during the Covid period. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive-correlational descriptive study and in terms of the purpose of its implementation is an application that was conducted as a survey. The statistical population includes all male coaches of sports clubs in Isfahan in the first half of 1400 with a coaching experience of more than 5 years and above, whose number is reported to be 240 people. That (150) people were considered as a statistical sample. To collect the required information, the standard questionnaire of methods of conservation of human resources (2014) was used. Data analysis at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. In the descriptive statistics section, statistical characteristics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used, and in the inferential statistics section, multiple regression tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and analysis of variance tests were used. Results: The results showed that the correlation coefficient between welfare services and retention of coaches is significant. That is, it has an effect between welfare services and the maintenance of coaches (B = -0.362). The results also show that the correlation coefficient between safety and retention of coaches is significant. That is, safety affects the maintenance of coaches (B = 0.437). It also shows that the correlation coefficient between health and maintenance of coaches is significant. That is, health has an effect on the maintenance of coaches (B = 0.482). The results show that the correlation coefficient between the benefits on retention of coaches is significant. That is, the benefits are affected by the retention of coaches (B = 0.409). Conclusion: It is suggested that the process of upgrading safety management be done in order to achieve the maintenance of club coaches in line with their safety policy against Covid 19 virus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Representation of gender dominant discourses in women's sports with a sociological approach
Samaneh Nazari Rahim RamezaniNejad Hamid Reza Goharrostami Mohammad Mahdi RahmatiObjective: Deep analysis of women's issues in sport and especially in the sociology of sport has always been among major scientific approaches and paradigms, and one of the most special discourses in sport is its gender issues. Therefore, the purpose of this research is MoreObjective: Deep analysis of women's issues in sport and especially in the sociology of sport has always been among major scientific approaches and paradigms, and one of the most special discourses in sport is its gender issues. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to represent and analyze gender-dominant discourses in women's sports with a sociological approach.Methodology: The current research was qualitative and used a thematic analysis method. Therefore, 150 valid research articles were analyzed and coded based on conceptual commonality and purposive sampling techniques. The textual data with these samples continued until the researcher reached the theoretical saturation stage. The research data were classified in the form of analysis of the topics related to the discourses. In general, from 11 basic (main) themes, 3 organizing themes and finally a semantic theme were extracted, which draws and analyzes the network of themes related to gender dominant discourses in women's sports. The research validation method was also applied based on the presentation and feedback of the research results to the experts for its final approval.Results: Based on the theme analysis of the research data, three basic themes including the domination of gender norms in sports, media representation of women's sports and gender discrimination in sports were identified, which were able to represent the central theme of gender dominant discourses in women's sports. In a general view, all of the themes extracted at the middle level and the basic concepts at the micro level were all related and there was a close relationship between these categories for drawing gender discourses in women's sports. Based on the network of drawn themes, it can be concluded that the sum of these themes can well represent the semantic theme.Conclusion: Based on three basic themes, the change in the roles, attitudes and beliefs of the society towards women's sports can change the dominance of gender norms in sports; Quantitative and qualitative representation of women's sports in the media and social media to make appropriate objectification of women's participation; And finally, the establishment of gender equality in rights and benefits, resources, education and management can lead to a better understanding of women's sports and, as a result, create policies and strategic plans in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Designing a model of cultural barriers for women's participation in leisure sports activities in sports recreation centers
Mehdi Salimi Leila Moslehi Amir Hossein LabbafPurpose: Leisure is one of the dimensions of social life that if it contradicts the common culture of society, it can become a social problem or dilemma; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of cultural barriers to women's partici MorePurpose: Leisure is one of the dimensions of social life that if it contradicts the common culture of society, it can become a social problem or dilemma; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of cultural barriers to women's participation in leisure sports activities in sports recreation centers.Methodology: The research method in terms of type and data analysis was qualitative with a data theorizing approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of senior managers, officials and faculty members aware of the field of research, which in order to select the sample people, purposeful sampling method based on a theoretical approach was used. The required data were collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding.Results: Based on the obtained results, causal conditions include the existence of non-indigenous culture, patriarchal perspective, weakness in the capital of women's sports culture, lack of social support and motivational barriers; Underlying conditions including economic factors, facility and facility factors and managerial factors and intervening conditions including individual factors and religious tendencies were identified. Strategies were introduced in three areas of needs assessment and policy-making, localization and alignment of relevant bodies, and after presenting the consequences, a paradigm model was presented.Conclusion: Needs assessment and policy-making, alignment of organs to achieve goals and localization of leisure activities have desirable results in order to remove cultural barriers to the presence of women in sports and recreation centers and use the benefits, Will bring. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Presenting paradigmatic model of the characteristics of the Paralympic athlete's aptitude development environment
Sahar Mahmodi Rokhsareh BadamiObjective: When it comes to identifying and developing talent in sports for athletes with disabilities, it is important to note that high-performance sports for people with disabilities are fundamentally different from those of healthy people in terms of discovering and MoreObjective: When it comes to identifying and developing talent in sports for athletes with disabilities, it is important to note that high-performance sports for people with disabilities are fundamentally different from those of healthy people in terms of discovering and developing new talents. Extraordinary performances and success in sports for the disabled and providing an environment for the development of talents such as non-sports for the disabled is simply not possible and the success or failure of sports depends on factors such as: economic, social and human resources in a country. The present study aimed to provide a paradigm model of the characteristics of the talent development environment of Paralympic athletes.Methodology: This research has been done in the framework of a qualitative approach and by applying the data research method of the foundation. Participants in this study were physical education and sports science specialists, Paralympic and world champion athletes and disabled sports coaches who were selected by purposive and theoretical sampling for semi-structured interviews and the interviews continued until the theoretical saturation stage. Data were analyzed simultaneously with data collection using Strauss and Corbin method. The acceptability of the data was confirmed based on 5 criteria.Results: The results show that 15 main categories and 76 subcategories in the form of 6 dimensions of the paradigm model include: 1- Causal causes including 4 categories: individual, cultural, economic and social factors; 2- The main phenomenon includes 1 category: a special approach to cultivating sports talent for the disabled; 3- Strategy includes 2 categories: management system design, process-oriented strategy; 4- Ground characteristics including 3 categories: planning, support, supportive background; 5- The intervener includes 2 categories: infrastructural factors, environmental factors; 6- Outcome includes 3 categories: successful disability, championship, development of sports abilities of the disabled; The paradigm model is the characteristics of the talent development environment of Paralympic athletes.Conclusion: The integration of categories based on the relationships between them around the axis of the talent development environment of paralympic athletes forms a paradigm model reflecting the pattern of managers involved in the talent development environment of Paralympic athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - A Review of Professional Ethics Studies from the Perspective of Sports Sociology
Mehdi Salimi Mahboubeh KhodaparastObjective: Today, sports and its various dimensions are considered as an important topic in various circles and as an efficient tool and a unique phenomenon in order to create a dynamic and lively society and solve many social, cultural and even economic and political c MoreObjective: Today, sports and its various dimensions are considered as an important topic in various circles and as an efficient tool and a unique phenomenon in order to create a dynamic and lively society and solve many social, cultural and even economic and political crises. It has shown its many uses; However, this global phenomenon today faces a serious challenge that cannot be easily overcome, and this challenge is the weakening of the category of ethics and especially professional ethics in all aspects of the great sports community, including athletes, coaches, judges, and spectators. , mass media and managers and employees of sports organizations, which is the concern of many researchers and accounts for a significant part of the research done in the country's publications; Based on this, the current research aims to have a comprehensive review of the most important researches conducted in the field of professional ethics in sports, which have been published in the form of articles in the country's publications. Thus, the aim of the current research is to review the studies of professional ethics from the sociological perspective of sports.methodology: The current research is of a descriptive and review type and examined the articles with the keyword "professional ethics" along with other keywords related to the field of sports such as "football", "sports organizations", "sports", " "Players and Coaches" and "Physical-Training" in their titles and were published in the country's publications database, humanities portal, Noor specialized magazines database and academic Jihad database. In order to increase validity, this process was done separately by two researchers, and then by discussing and exchanging opinions, existing differences were resolved and the final classification was prepared; In this way, the final review was done on more than 70 articles.Results: According to the subject of the articles and based on content logic, the collection of articles identified in three main categories: 1) professional ethics in relation to physical education professors and teachers, 2) professional ethics in relation to sports organizations and 3) professional ethics In relation to athletes and coaches, it was divided, and in order to better understand the research fields, we tried to break each category into smaller categories as much as possible. Accordingly, for each category, three sub-categories were considered, which are: First category: 1. Investigating the components, models and methods of institutionalizing professional ethics among physical education professors and teachers; 2. Examining the role of professional ethics of physical education professors and teachers on their personal and professional characteristics or vice versa and 3. Examining the effect of professional ethics of physical education professors and teachers on the personal and academic characteristics of students. The second category: 1. Presentation and review of professional ethics development models in sports organizations; 2. Examining the obstacles to the creation or development of professional ethics in sports organizations and 3. Examining the issue of professional ethics in relation to managers and employees of sports organizations, and the third category: 1. Obstacles to the development of professional ethics in players and coaches; 2. Designing and presenting professional ethics development models among athletes and coaches and 3. Studying the professional ethics of athletes and coaches in relation to other personal and professional components.Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that due to the relative youth of the literature of professional ethics in sports in comparison with many other sports subjects and areas where the subject of professional ethics has been studied, there is room for defining More research topics are available to deepen previous findings or to understand new dimensions of professional ethics in sports; It also seems that what the field of professional ethics in sports needs in order to grow and improve itself is to move towards conducting research with different, newer and more efficient research methods, in accordance with the level of development of concepts and paying more attention to parts have been less researched so far. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Classification Sport managers through communication skills and cultural intelligence in sports organizations
Zahra Sohrabi Mehrdad MoharamzadeObjective: The purpose of this study was Structural equation modeling of relation between communication skills with cultural intelligence and classifies sport managers in Isfahan Province.Methodology: Descriptive study was conducted through a survey. The study populatio MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was Structural equation modeling of relation between communication skills with cultural intelligence and classifies sport managers in Isfahan Province.Methodology: Descriptive study was conducted through a survey. The study population consisted of Isfahan’s Sport Managers. In this research 550 sport manager’s as a population was considered. 207 As the population was selected from Statistical population. Measuring instrumentsconsisted ofdemographicquestions, BartonG.Thereliability ofcommunication skills(0.81), cultural intelligence questionnairewas (0.88) and reliability of classify sport managers questioner was (0.84). Statisticalmethodsincludedanalysisofbothdescriptive and inferential statisticsusingSPSSsoftwareandsoftwareLISRELand structural equation modelingwas performedto assess therelationshipsbetween variables.Results: The results show that the communication skills and cultural intelligence and classify sport managers, there are significant relationship, the output shows the application of structural equation model is appropriate (RMSEA=0.037 ، GFI=912.، AGFI=0.902).Conclusion: Hence the required proper planning in order to improve their communication skills and cultural intelligence organizations for sports managers in these organizations is effective as ever. Because of the significant aims of the athletic directors, managers tend to imitate and Ambassador Therefore, the authorities have the right people in the suitable strategy for post management have, Because it seems intuitive managers and analysts can better brighter prospects for the exercise of the imagination. The general conclusion of the present study is that the variables of communication skills, cultural intelligence and classification of sports managers showed that the rate of all these variables in sports organizations is moderate. These cases indicate a weakness in communication skills and cultural intelligence of sports managers. In other words, because managers do not have good communication and interpersonal skills, they ignore the role of employees in decisions, do not encourage people to communicate in the organization, do not organize well in line with the goals of the organization and thus Measures have lowered the level of job satisfaction among employees. Since a significant percentage of sports managers tend to imitate managers and ambassadors, it should be noted that officials should adopt appropriate management strategies in order to achieve the optimal level of communication indicators and cultural intelligence in the selection. Suitable people to pay special attention to different levels of management positions, because it seems that with the presence of analytical and intuitive managers, a clearer vision for sports can be imagined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Comparison of the Development Environment of Tennis Players of Different Competitive and social Levels (Iranian and Foreign) in Terms of Training and Social Support
Rokhsareh Badami Shayan Yazdanparast Zohre MeshkatiObjective: Early scholars with an interest in nature's contribution to human performance and development put their focus on the heritability concept, the amount of variation in a given trait between people that can be attributed to genetic variation. Interestingly, like MoreObjective: Early scholars with an interest in nature's contribution to human performance and development put their focus on the heritability concept, the amount of variation in a given trait between people that can be attributed to genetic variation. Interestingly, like the role of nature, the role of environmental effects on human skill development and attainment has long been investigated by psychologists. It is obvious that the environment contains a wide range of variables, including micro-level factors, such as parental support. The aim of the present study was to compare the expertise acquisition process between Iranian and foreign top-ranked and low-ranked tennis players.Methodology: 40 Iranian tennis players (22 top-ranked tennis players and 18 low-ranked tennis players) and 15 foreign tennis players were selected using available and purposive sampling methods. The age of beginning and the amount of tennis exercises, physical fitness exercises and mental fitness exercises as well as the amount of social support were recorded through a retrospective interview method and using Cote, Ericsson, and Lowe's (2005) interview questions. The obtained data were analyzed using independent t-test.Results: The mean age for beginning tennis was significantly lower in Iranian top-ranked tennis players (10.23 years of age) than in Iranian low-ranked tennis players (15 years of age), but no significant difference was observed in the mean age of beginning tennis between Iranian tennis players (11.31 years of age) and foreign tennis players (8.20 years of age). No significant difference was observed between top-ranked and low-ranked Iranian tennis players and Iranian and foreign tennis players in terms of the average hours of performing tennis exercises, bodybuilding exercises, and mental skills training. But the percentage of social support from the parents in the age ranges of (13-15) and (16 years and older) as well as social support from the coach in the age range of (6-12), were higher in foreign tennis players than in Iranian tennis players.Conclusion: The present study provides valuable information about the expertise acquisition process in tennis players as well as a variety of activities which have been effective in acquiring their skillful performance. This information can help officials in educational planning, and can help parents to put their children in a better athletic path. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - The Theory of Sustainable Cultural, Social and Economic Development of Iran's Professional Clubs
Zahra Sohrabi Mehrdad Moharamzade Abas Nghizadeh Baghi Nasrin Azizian KohanPurpose: The current research tries to focus on social constructionism, link it with futurism, and in this process, using the constructivist approach of grounded theory, and present a short-range theory in the construction of possible futures of professional sports. The MorePurpose: The current research tries to focus on social constructionism, link it with futurism, and in this process, using the constructivist approach of grounded theory, and present a short-range theory in the construction of possible futures of professional sports. The growth of professional sports is the beginning of the development of the sports industry.Methodology: The data of this qualitative research, which had an exploratory-fundamental nature, was collected through targeted sampling with the snowball technique and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the field of professional sports. A detailed interpretive understanding and primary, focused, central and theoretical coding determined that professional sports based on the requirements of shaping the future, by overcoming the weight of the past, the pressure of the present and in line with the tension of the future and the choice of proactive behavior in facing the future, can achieve its desired future. Make and set a perspective for it.Results: In this research, macro analysis of future trends, income generation from social media, new formulas for selling players, the existence of many talents in all disciplines in Iran, sustainable talent search by clubs, development of academies and provision of legal measures for broadcasting rights.Conclusion: In a general conclusion, it can be acknowledged that by identifying the surprises and drivers affecting the future of professional sports in Iran, it is possible to identify its various futures with different possibilities. Surprises sometimes bring transformative events such as the invention of a new technology. Sometimes it is possible to be aware of a surprise that is about to happen by tracking weak signs, but this is not always possible. Therefore, it is suggested to privatize the clubs with the presence of the stock market and non-stock market, the implementation of the principles of corporate governance in the club, the establishment of an independent business institution in sports, the creation of income-generating places by the clubs, technology-based transformation in ticket sales, providing online services to fans (buying, The sale of club clothes), the passing of laws to protect the economic rights of sports clubs, the creation of professional television channels in the context of technology, in this way, entering into the discussion of sports tourism with high-profile sports by clubs should be placed on the agenda of the Union of Professional Clubs of Iran. In the field of professional sports, issues such as the status of professional sports rights, the status of professional clubs, the status of professional athletes and the status of professional coaches are addressed. Legally, the legitimacy of professional sports is not explicitly mentioned in any of the existing laws. For this reason, different people with different interpretations of existing laws have commented on the legitimacy or illegitimacy of this sport. The same is the case with the financing of professional sports. Media rights are the most important source of income for professional clubs. The Broadcasting Organization does not consider itself obligated to pay this right in any way. There is no specific and codified law regarding other financial sources. Playing professional sports is to earn money. Therefore, in this type of sport, relationships are more commercial. Business rules and regulations do not apply in some cases in the field of professional sports. Due to this legal gap, special laws should be prepared regarding the legal relations between institutions and individuals in professional sports. One of the reasons for the weakness of professional sports is the lack of a support system for institutions, athletes and coaches. For the development of professional sports, it is necessary for those involved in this type of sports to have sufficient legal and financial support. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Strategic insights based on strategic position and action evalution matrix in Isfahan Resistance cultural and sports club
Naser Shahriary Marzieh Movafagh Fatemeh ShavaliObjective: Strategic vision has a clear view of the position of an organization and by evaluating the position and strategic action despite the vast changes in the surrounding world, strategic vision provides a convincing picture of the future with a convincing plan to MoreObjective: Strategic vision has a clear view of the position of an organization and by evaluating the position and strategic action despite the vast changes in the surrounding world, strategic vision provides a convincing picture of the future with a convincing plan to navigate this image. Conducting this research is a strategic insight based on evaluating the situation and strategic action in Isfahan Resistance Cultural and Sports Club.Methodology: The present study seeks to evaluate the situation and strategic action by following the paradigm of pragmatism with an approach mixed with strategic approach. The samples used in the first part by non-probabilistic and purposeful sampling method were 30 senior and middle managers of Isfahan Resistance Cultural and Sports Club. In order to collect the required information and confirm the indicators of the researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which has been verified by experts, it was analyzed by Delphi method and a theoretical agreement was reached by performing three rounds. In the second part, the High Strategic Research Council consisting of 8 experts, managers and specialists and the research team has been used in a purposeful manner.Findings: The findings showed that the indicators of financial strength and competitive advantage in the domestic dimension and indicators of environmental stability and industry strength in the external dimension were extracted so that 4 indicators of financial strength, 8 indicators of competitive advantage, 8 indicators of environmental stability and 7 indicators The power of industry and services was extracted and the strategies of the resistance cultural and sports club of Isfahan province were shown based on the SPACE matrix in the position of competitive strategy.Conclusion: In the competitive strategy of the organization, strategies such as market development, market penetration, product development, integration and participation are implemented and Isfahan Resistance Cultural and Sports Club should make maximum use of its existing organizational resources and facilities in the first place. To prevent the waste of resources and change their use, and then with the participation of the private sector, donors and related organizations and institutions to develop service delivery and gain a competitive advantage among other clubs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Designing a model for the development of sport for all with emphasis on social marketing dimensions
Soheila Tohidi Mehrdad Moharamzade Masoud Imanzadeh Simin Esgandari DastgiriPurpose: The purpose of this study was to design a model for the development of women's public sports in Ardabil province with emphasis on social market dimensions.Methodology: The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The method of this research was de MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to design a model for the development of women's public sports in Ardabil province with emphasis on social market dimensions.Methodology: The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of women customers of sports clubs in Ardabil province as well as women active in parks and morning sports and open places. The statistical sample was 7 times the number of identified items. The sample was selected by stratified random sampling according to 63 identified items. The number of samples was 441. After distributing the questionnaire, 442 questionnaires were collected in full, of which 430 were complete and analyzed. The research instruments included two questionnaires of public sports development and social marketing. The validity of the instrument was confirmed using the opinion of experts and the reliability of the research was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze the data and the relationships between the variables, Smart PLS 3 software was used.Results: Findings showed that the dimensions of social retrieval were promotion (0.30), effectiveness (0.24), accessibility (0.24), trust (0.22), price (0.21), and product (0.15), respectively. And diversity (0.12) had a significant effect on the development of public sports in Ardabil province.Conclusion: In general, it is suggested that social marketing training courses be held for all those who are somehow related to sports activities. Also, make these communities familiar with the range of women's sports activities and their capabilities. After the authorities become familiar with these factors, they should carry out promotional activities and extensive communication about the benefits of public sports for women through mass media and social networks. Social marketing approaches regarding public sports in the field of women and how to use them to increase the participation of women in public sports were unknown until now, and no research had been done in this regard in the country. Also, the results of data analysis showed that all dimensions of social marketing had suitable factor loadings as well as fit indices with appropriate sizes for fitting the model. According to the surveys conducted in the field of social marketing, all the researches have used the four-point marketing mix as a tool to promote physical activities and sports, but in this research, new dimensions of social marketing have been used for the development of public sports, which managers Executives should apply these items in their program. In past researches, effective factors in the development of public sports and specific methods of social marketing that have been carried out as interventions have been discussed; while considering the concept of marketing in past researches, no comprehensive approach was observed in the field of public sports. According to the results of this research, we should look for approaches to change behavior in the development of public sports, and according to the results of the present study, the social marketing approach is one of the appropriate and effective ways for the development of public sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - An Overview of the Challenges and Perspectives of Women's Sports Participation with a Social Marketing Approach
Elham MoshkelgoshaObjective: The purpose of the research is to examine the challenges and perspectives of women's sports participation.Methodology: In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the status of women's participation in sports activities, its causes and challenges MoreObjective: The purpose of the research is to examine the challenges and perspectives of women's sports participation.Methodology: In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the status of women's participation in sports activities, its causes and challenges by using existing texts and literature, and by providing suitable solutions, an efficient horizon and perspective in order to increase participation as much as possible. Provide women in sports. The research method of this study is based on the nature of the subject of documents, and accordingly, the library technique was used to collect information..Results: The investigations showed that despite the increasing presence of women in social fields, their participation and presence in sports activities is limited. Considering the importance of sports in the personal and social health of women, it seems that the Iranian society has not yet realized the importance and necessity of sports among women and girls. The percentage of women participating in sports activities is lower than that of men in all countries.Conclusion:The nature of using this concept of social marketing is to change behavior, which is the main nature and purpose of marketing in this field. The meaning of individual attitude change is that, according to the conditions, a person finds a positive belief in physical activity and public sports, and further, the attitude towards public sports also becomes positive, which is due to the increase of the individual's information. Further, according to the effects of social norms on the individual, this normative belief is created in people that exercise and physical activity can be placed as a need in people. The positive social consequences that can be achieved by using social recovery strategies, changing behavior towards desirable behaviors that lead to the development of public sports in this research. Considering the pivotal role of sports in the health of women as mothers of society and consequently the health of their children, the issue of women's sports participation should be seriously considered. Social marketing is suggested as an effective approach to reduce barriers and increase facilitators to women's sedentary behavior and improve the quality of individual and social life, which implementation and implementation requires support and capacity building from all responsible institutions. The multiple benefits of sports, improving women's social attitudes and beliefs by focusing on the effectiveness of promotional and educational activities, developing suitable places and spaces for women's public sports, inter-departmental coordination and leading women's public sports are effective measures in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Relationship between brand equity of sports tourism destination and psychological factors of advertising messages (Case study: Mashhad aquatic Waves Land)
Ali Salehi Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hossini Marjan SaffariObjective: Marketing efforts are aimed at influencing consumers ' attitudes. Consumer behavior in sports and events is a process that people choose and use to meet their needs and receive benefits, services, and products associated with sports and sports events. One of MoreObjective: Marketing efforts are aimed at influencing consumers ' attitudes. Consumer behavior in sports and events is a process that people choose and use to meet their needs and receive benefits, services, and products associated with sports and sports events. One of the important fields in sport is the emergence of sports tourism as one of the branches of tourism. In the previous studies, it has been shown that attracting tourists without proper marketing and advertising programs is not possible. In other words, advertising is a tool that will be used with the knowledge of tourist areas to tourists and convince them to travel. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the psychological factors of Advertising messages and the brand equity for Aquatic sports tourism destinations. Methodology: The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study was all users of the Mashhad Aquatic Waves Land which using the available sampling method according to Morgan table 384 were selected as the statistical sample. To collect the data by using the pleasure and arousal sensations questionnaire used in Mehrabian and Russell (1974) and the brand equity questionnaire used in Aaker (1991) this research was done. Their reliability was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the pleasure of 0.611, arousal of 0.644 brand awareness component was 0.772, brand association component 0.877, brand perceived quality component 0.765, and brand loyalty component 0.820. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and simple and multiple linear regression tests using SPSS-25 software.Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the arousal of advertising, with brand equity components (perceived quality and brand association) in sports tourism destinations and between the arousal of advertising, with brand equity components (brand loyalty and brand awareness) in sports tourism destinations does not have a positive and significant relationship. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the pleasures of advertising, with all the components of brand equity (loyalty, perceived quality, brand association, and brand awareness) and sports tourism destinations. Besides, there is a positive significant relationship between perceived pleasure and arousal from advertising messages.Conclusion: As a conclusion selection and manipulation of psychological factors in advertising messages can affect brand equity for aquatic sports tourism destinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Developing a sociological model for institutionalizing public sports among students of Payame Noor University in Kermanshah province
Ali Karimi Hesamaldin AlidoustiObjective: The present research was conducted to develop a sociological model of institutionalizing public sports among the students of Payam Noor University in Kermanshah Province.Methodology: A purpose-based, applied research method was utilized based on a hybrid stra MoreObjective: The present research was conducted to develop a sociological model of institutionalizing public sports among the students of Payam Noor University in Kermanshah Province.Methodology: A purpose-based, applied research method was utilized based on a hybrid strategy and a descriptive-survey implementation method. The statistical population of the research included all the students of Payam Noor University in Kermanshah province (7000 people) who entered the first semester of 2019-2020 which were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling and based on Morgan's table (364 people). The tool used in this research was the researcher-made questionnaire. In this research, the validity of the questionnaires was examined using content validity and based on the opinion of the university scientific experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84. In order to analyze the findings and compile the model, the smart PLS statistical software, structural equation model, and confirmatory factor analysis method were used.Results: The results showed that the role of the family in institutionalizing public sports with an impact factor of 0.40 and a value of 3.95 t, the role of social media in institutionalizing public sports with an impact factor of 0.77 and a value of 15.640 t, and the role of the university in institutionalizing public sports with an impact factor of 0.32 and a value of 3.94 had a positive and meaningful impact.Conclusion: It was found that the role of social media in institutionalizing public sports is more profound than other indicators, and the university's role in this field was weaker than other indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Presenting a paradigm model of sports economy development strategies with sociological approach and ranking of these strategies
Hamid Ahmadi Asma Fekrat Alimohammad AmirtashObjective: With the rapid increase and expansion of works and writings that deal with the sociological approach to sports, the scientific analysis of the mutual impact of sports and society has been relatively established, and the titles in the collection of sports in t MoreObjective: With the rapid increase and expansion of works and writings that deal with the sociological approach to sports, the scientific analysis of the mutual impact of sports and society has been relatively established, and the titles in the collection of sports in the global community are proof of this. Sports in the sense that it is a social phenomenon can be considered a field of sociology. The current research aims to present a paradigmatic model of sports economy development solutions with a sociological approach based on grounded theory.Methodology: The research method is mixed. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes experts in economics, sports management, and business management, and in the quantitative section, it includes graduates with master's degrees and PhDs in economics, sport management, and business management. In the qualitative part, the solutions were identified through in-depth interviews with snowball sampling, and the interviews were stopped after theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, after coding, the findings from the interviews were designed in the form of a Likert scale questionnaire, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked by experts, and 104 questionnaires were distributed among 130 people of the target class and collected. Through the Friedman test, the solutions for the development of the sports economy were ranked.Results: In the qualitative part, after the completion of the interviews, the process of open, central and selective coding in 5 categories of causal conditions such as institutionalism in sports, background factors such as the development of expert staff, intervening factors such as the development of researches and researches, effective strategies such as the entry of clubs into the stock exchange and the resulting consequences such as the expansion of entrepreneurship and job creation were identified. In the quantitative section, the factor of transformation in income generation of clubs was identified as the first rank, and the factor of development of research was recognized as the lowest rank.Conclusion: Based on the paradigm model obtained from this research, sports managers must take advantage of the long-term benefits of sports as a capital good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Compilation of the sports model of citizenship in big cities of Iran: Social development approach
Ahmadreza Kiiani Seyad Ehsan Amirhosseini Mehrzad HameidiObjective: The purpose of this research was to compare and design the development model of citizenship sports in Iran's big cities with an interpretive structural modeling approach. The development of citizenship sports will greatly help to improve the quality of people MoreObjective: The purpose of this research was to compare and design the development model of citizenship sports in Iran's big cities with an interpretive structural modeling approach. The development of citizenship sports will greatly help to improve the quality of people's lives, the development of social relations, people's vitality and people's health. One of the ways to develop citizenship sports is to identify the effective factors and try to provide the basis for the realization of the factors to help increase people's participation in recreational and public sports. The results of the present research showed that there are 16 factors affecting the development of citizen sports in the big cities of Iran. If proper planning is done and deliberate decisions and actions are taken in order to realize these factors, citizen sports will be on the path of development. The authorities' attention and focus on the factors influencing the development of people's participation in physical activities and recreational sports and citizenship will lead to the increase of people's participation in public sports in big cities. But due to the limited abilities and capacities, it seems difficult to focus on all factors at the same time. It is obvious that the effect of the factors is not the same compared to each other. Some factors are highly effective and some are less effective. Factors that are more effective should be prioritized. The stratification of factors using interpretative structural modeling method allows managers to focus on factors that have more guidance and influence and are effective on the creation of other factors for the development of citizenship sports or play a facilitating role. they do. Therefore, leveling and setting priorities in decision-making and action will make the efforts to develop Iran's citizenship sports more quickly. Hence, in order to determine action and decision priorities, 16 identified factors were leveled using interpretive structural modeling technique.Methodology: descriptive and practical in terms of purpose. Data collection was done in the field and in a mixed qualitative and quantitative way. The statistical population consisted of 18 experts in the qualitative section and 70 experts in the quantitative section, including the managers and experts of the Office of Public Sports of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, the officials of the Federation and Board of Public Sports and physical education managers of the municipalities in the big cities of Iran. The data was collected by reviewing documents and experts' opinions and using the Delphi method, a researcher-made questionnaire containing 16 factors for the development of citizenship sports. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sports management professors of the university and its staff with Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.86). In order to structure the factors and design the model, experts' opinions, frequency percentage and interpretive structural modeling technique were used.Results :The results showed that 16 effective factors identified on the development of citizenship sports were placed in 7 levels. The factors of perspective and macro management and comprehensive planning and management were placed at the basic level of the model.Conclusion: In general, it is suggested that attention to citizenship sports should be included in the macro-directions of the government and the authorities should take the necessary measures to design and implement a comprehensive program for the development of citizenship sports. The institutionalization of recreational sports and the continuous development of citizen sports can be considered as an indicator to improve the level of social well-being. In fact, citizen sports have many social benefits, such as psychological benefits, such as enjoying leisure time and improving individual personality, as well as improving people's health and physical fitness, and finally improving the quality of life. The interpretive structural model provides a new insight and understanding of the relationships between factors and variables and shows a clear structure of a complex issue. In fact, by structuring and leveling the variables in interpretive structural modeling, action priorities for managers are determined and solves the concerns of managers in implementing priorities. In this research, by identifying the effective factors on the development of social participation in citizenship sports in the big cities of Iran, it made the managers more aware of the influencing factors and determined the structuring of the factors, the degree of influence and effectiveness of the factors. Based on the research results, comprehensive planning and management is placed at the lowest level of the interpretive structural model. Therefore, it is suggested that the physical training of the municipalities of the big cities take the necessary action regarding the design and implementation of the program and the accurate implementation of the executive calendar in line with the program of the Federation of Public Sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Crisis management in sports events during the corona
Mohammad mehdi Salari Mehdi Talebpour Hojjat HajipoorObjective: The present study was conducted to find out how to manage the crisis in holding sporting events during the Corona pandemic.Methodology: This research is based on Murphy's three-stage model. In Murphy's model, crisis management is examined in three stages: pre MoreObjective: The present study was conducted to find out how to manage the crisis in holding sporting events during the Corona pandemic.Methodology: This research is based on Murphy's three-stage model. In Murphy's model, crisis management is examined in three stages: pre-crisis, syn-crisis and post-crisis. Based on this model, the basic interview questions were compiled and the qualitative data obtained from the interviews were analyzed, and finally, the qualitative data of crisis management in holding sporting events during the Corona were investigated. This framework was designed according to the crisis life cycle and for each of the pre-crisis, syn-crisis and post-crisis stages, the goals, strategies and measures necessary to face the crisis in holding sporting events during the Corona are presented.Results: According to the findings of pre-crisis research, the main goal is prevention, which is achieved through preparedness and empowerment strategies. In the second stage, the main goal of impact management is pursued through two strategies: action / reaction and harm reduction. Finally, in the post-crisis phase, the strategies were marketing recovery, financial management / operational efficiency, and business resilience.Conclusion: The results show that managers and organizers of sporting events must adopt the necessary strategies and measures in order to achieve the goals set for each of the pre-crisis, syn-crisis and post-crisis stages.The results of the present study include measures such as pre-crisis forecasting, learning, participation and adaptation to the new post-crisis system, which are important and necessary in crisis management.Therefore, in the pre-crisis stage, the following measures were identified: designing and creating a crisis management system in sports events, planning to prepare sports businesses in the face of possible crises, creating a dynamic system for predicting possible events and crises in sports events and related businesses, creating integration and coordination between internal and external elements of sporting events and related businesses, establishing a comprehensive information management system for forecasting, planning and managing the effects of sporting events, training manpower and managing sporting events and related businesses as the key to success in crisis management. Capacity building to empower actors at sporting events and related businesses, and defining financing mechanisms for businesses to empower them in the face of potential crises are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Reading the sociological theory of play and sport "Huizinga"
kamal javanmard"Huizinga" and the social genealogy of play and sportAbstract Purpose: "Johan Huizinga" introduces the game as a fundamental element of culture and civilization in the book "Homo ludens". Therefore, the purpose of this article is the social genealogy of games and sports More"Huizinga" and the social genealogy of play and sportAbstract Purpose: "Johan Huizinga" introduces the game as a fundamental element of culture and civilization in the book "Homo ludens". Therefore, the purpose of this article is the social genealogy of games and sports with a sociological approach from the perspective of this sociology of sports, which considers plays to be ahead of culture and civilization. But he has a less optimistic view of sports and considers it a degenerate version of the play.Methodology: Based on the fact that the sociological analysis of the book “Homo ludens” written by Huizinga in 1938 is the focus of this article.Therefore, historical research method and library technique were used.Findings: Huizinga believed that play preceded all social phenomena.Because everything was a play in the beginning and these are the transformed forms of plays that were born in the form of plays. He believes that sports gradually lost its nature as a playe from the 1940s onwards.Conclusion: The book "Homo ludens" is a defensive manifesto to support the play and an indictment against sports. In this book, Huizinga considered play as the key to understanding cultures. By criticizing sports, he believed that modern society has distorted the spirit of plays. As far as signs of a devastating decline in gaming are concerned. He believes that politics and advertisements cast a shadow on sports and entered this arena in a hidden and creeping way And sports have diverted the cheerful spirit of plays and turned into a tool of domination.Johan Huizinga, the historian and sociologist of sport, introduced the game as a building block of human culture in his book Homo ludens, and argued that culture and civilization were essentially transformed forms of play and were born as play. He goes a step further and claims that the game is beyond the game and that everything was at the beginning of the play. To this end, in this article, we first review the biography and application of the ideas of this Dutch author, and then a brief overview of the classic and influential book "Homo ludens", which is a defensive manifest to support the game and a kind of indictment against sports. It was modern, we throw and then we define the play and the characteristics of this cultural phenomenon and with a dynamical cognitive and statistical approach to the analysis of the place of the play in the past eras. An excerpt from this article is devoted to the theory of "magic circle", which puts a temporary break in the world of actors' lives and temporarily fascinates them with a confrontational and imaginational atmosphere, and the end of this article is the sociology of political sport. His not-so-positive view of modern sports and the political structures and functions that have secretly and creepily entered the field of sports and destroyed the spirit of games as a means of domination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Investigate the role of emotional persuasion on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude of sports students (an experimental study)
Elham Khoshbakht Ahmadi Seyed Morteza Azimzadeh Zahra AminiroshanObjective: The aim of this study was to investigating the role of emotional persuasion on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude of sports students (an experimental study).Methodology: The present study is a quasi-experimental and applied research that was conducted MoreObjective: The aim of this study was to investigating the role of emotional persuasion on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude of sports students (an experimental study).Methodology: The present study is a quasi-experimental and applied research that was conducted in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The research population consists of graduate and undergraduate students of sports sciences of Mashhad universities who according to the research protocol, 150 people were randomly selected as a sample. For data collection, the samples (150 people) were first classified into three virtual groups (telegram): positive, negative persuasion and control. An online questionnaire was provided to the samples during the pre-test and post-test. Positive and negative persuasion messages were then sent to the groups for one month.Results: The findings show that positive emotional motivation has a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy and change in attitudes toward entrepreneurship of sports students. Also, negative emotional persuasion had no effect on students' entrepreneurial attitude, but in relation to the self-efficacy variable, it shows a significant effect.Conclusion: If a person is encouraged towards entrepreneurship by various factors, we can hope that his belief and self-efficacy will be strengthened and his attitude towards entrepreneurship will change in a positive direction. Because as the results of research show, a person's emotions can be effective in this direction. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to deal with the fear and the phenomenon of student unemployment, positive incentives be used in the educational environment to see the adjustment of unemployment of this segment of society in the future Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Cultural intelligence as a factor in the success of Iranian sports supervisors: The role of English language proficiency
Leila Mirvahedi Zohre Meshkati Sahar FaeghiObjective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors of English language proficiency as a predictor of cultural intelligence (Earley, Ang. 2003) of Iranian sports supervisors.Methodology: Phenomenological method was used in this study with a qualit MoreObjective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors of English language proficiency as a predictor of cultural intelligence (Earley, Ang. 2003) of Iranian sports supervisors.Methodology: Phenomenological method was used in this study with a qualitative approach (Holloway & Todres, 2003). The research population, 12 male and female sports supervisors who had sent their athletes to international competitions at least once, were selected purposefully and homogeneously. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Classification and coding were done under the supervision of an expert. Findings: The factors of English language proficiency were identified and formulated in the form of three overarching themes "structural", "individual" and "environmental". The overarching theme of "structural factors" was identified the basic themes; holding English language classes for sports supervisors, using translators in the conversations of sports events, getting help from the international relations experts of the federations in facing new cultural situations and themes of the organization; training, communication through a translator and exchange of information. The overarching theme of "individual factors" was formed the basic themes; the use of key words in the language of the host community during conversations, an interest in maintaining communication with foreign counterparts during Sports events in intercultural sports environments, expressing the needs and requests of the team in international spaces through mastering the English language and organizational themes; verbal behavior, communication and purposeful interactions. The overarching theme of "factors Environment" including basic themes; attending sports meetings and events and the need to establish intercultural communication with other sports communities, conducting administrative correspondence with sports institutions in English and announcing rules, approvals and changes of global sports events in English and organizational themes; exchange of cultures, compliance with the rules and knowledge of the rules.Conclusion: Overall, the findings showed that one of the components of cultural intelligence, especially in intercultural situations, is mastery of the English language. Mastering the English language is the main factor for establishing effective communication in intercultural spaces. The current research suggests giving importance to the issue of mastering the English language in order to achieve greater success of Iranian sports supervisors in international arenas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - The effect of psychological capital on organizational performance with emphasis on the mediating role of innovation in information technology in sports organizations in Isfahan
Mohammad Ehsani Elham Moshkelgosha Parisa NiazyObjective: In today's highly competitive business world, the performance of people in the workplace is one of the most important structures for organizations to achieve their goals. On the other hand, organizations should have the ability to react in dynamic environment MoreObjective: In today's highly competitive business world, the performance of people in the workplace is one of the most important structures for organizations to achieve their goals. On the other hand, organizations should have the ability to react in dynamic environments and use appropriate mechanisms to increase the use of opportunities and reduce threats and use their abilities in the best way. Innovation in information technology is a solution that organizations use to deal with these pressures and threats. Because the performance of employees has a fundamental and vital role for organizations to achieve their goals, for this reason, both from a theoretical and practical perspective, understanding the factors that affect organizational performance is considered one of the crucial research paths. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of psychological capital on organizational performance with regard to the mediating effect of innovation in information technology in sports organizations in Isfahan.Methodology: The method of this research was applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive in terms of the type of research that was conducted in the form of a survey. The statistical population of this research includes the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth, the employees of the Physical Education Department of Education, the employees of the Municipal Sports Deputy and the employees of the sports clubs of Isfahan city, of which, using the Morgan table, there are 386 of these people by random sampling method. A class was selected. Data was collected using standard questionnaires. To measure psychological capital, from the standard psychological capital questionnaire of Lutans et al. (2007) in which each of the components of self-efficacy, hope, positivity and resilience were considered. The second questionnaire is also derived from the organizational performance questionnaire of Kaplan and Norton (2003) and this scale has four components (financial, customer, internal processes and growth and learning), also from the information technology innovation questionnaire of Zhu and George (2003). was used Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling with the help of AMOS and SPSS software.Findings: The results of the research show that self-efficacy, positivity and resilience have a significant effect on innovation in information technology in sports organizations. But hope has no significant effect on innovation in information technology of sports organizations. In addition, innovation in information technology has a significant effect on organizational performance in sports organizations. Innovation in information technology mediates the effect of psychological capital on organizational performance, and there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological capital and innovation in information technology.Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, innovation in information technology, which is the innovation in providing electronic services of sports organizations, can improve the organizational performance (in four dimensions, financial, customer, internal processes, and growth and learning) of sports organizations and is one of the important factors. It is considered to be effective on the performance of sports organizations. Therefore, managers and officials of sports organizations should take innovation in information technology seriously and use it as an important competitive advantage among competitors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Sports and social reflections from the perspective of "Marcel Mouss"
Kamal JavanmardObjective: What follows is an overview of the views and ideas of Marcel Mouss, the conqueror of the new land of sports sociology.A land where man is called the product of his body and it is thought that all techniques of the body are the result of the cultural context a MoreObjective: What follows is an overview of the views and ideas of Marcel Mouss, the conqueror of the new land of sports sociology.A land where man is called the product of his body and it is thought that all techniques of the body are the result of the cultural context and the process of socialization, and physical activitys are closely related to culture and social system."Mars Mouss" is the conqueror of a land that heralds the entry of social science into the field of physical activity as well as games and sporting events, thus laying the foundation for the sociology of sport.Methodology: The research method of this study is based on the nature of the subject of documents, and accordingly, the library technique was used to collect information.Results: In this article, first a brief look at the life and works of this French sociologist and then his theoretical application in the field of games and sports is explained and the foundations of his thoughts in the field of emerging science of sports sociology are examined and then the foundation is explained. His ideas about total social realities, including games and sports, are theoretically emphasized by focusing on the article "Techniques crops" and focus on human nature and the nature of physical techniques, as well as human emotions, all of which have a cultural flavor and a common sociological element. He follows the name "habitus", and finally analyzes the games using the" Potlatch" Customs which "Marcel Mouss" borrowed from the natives of the East Coast, and claims that according to this Customs, the primitive tribes have human motivation and purpose.Conclusion: The game is not just about financial gain, but also non-economic goals, including strengthening relationships and promoting social status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - The Formulation of a Model based on Strategic Thinking of Human Resource Management in Iranian Sports
Samane Samimi Rasool Nazari Saeid Tabesh Mohammad Ali NadiObjective: The purpose of the research is to develop a model of intelligence and strategic thinking for the management of human resources in Iranian sports.Methodology: The characteristics of the current research in terms of methodology include the orientation of the re MoreObjective: The purpose of the research is to develop a model of intelligence and strategic thinking for the management of human resources in Iranian sports.Methodology: The characteristics of the current research in terms of methodology include the orientation of the research to the fundamental method; Qualitative research method; philosophy of research, interpretation; The research strategy is based on data theory method and the research approach is based on inductive method and finally the goal of exploratory research. The methods of snowball sampling and theoretical saturation index were used for sampling from the research community who were professors and experts in sports management. Interviews with experts and experts were considered as the starting point of the data collection process of this research. The people to be interviewed included 15 people who were selected in a theoretical manner. By selective coding by integrating the categories discovered from all the interviewees, he identified the main and sub-categories.Results : The results show that 179 initial conceptual propositions were obtained in these codings. According to the results of research among different organizational factors, organizational culture can play a vital role in limiting or persuading; Leaders who play important roles in relation to culture and strategic thinking process. Finally, after analyzing all the categories related to thinking and intelligence, we reached the model. Mobin shows the relationships between the main components and components resulting from the central coding about the thinking and intelligence of human resource management in Iranian sports. The categories extracted from the components formed the paradigm model. The conceptual model in this research shows the intelligence and strategic thinking model of human resource management in Iranian sports, which is based on the findings of this research.Conclusion: Strategic planning alone cannot help managers in advancing their goals. Since strategic planning is based on past information, it will not be effective in the long term and due to the rapid changes in the external environment. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the strategy to guess the future of the business and plan for it. Senior management is not omnipotent in formulating a strategy and other factors are also effective. Formulation of strategy requires full understanding of business elements. Modern strategy leaves us in a dilemma. Strategy responds to needs and frees us from crisis. However, the role of management becomes particularly important when the environment is complex, unstable and ambiguous. May it be this manager who, with his tact, will lead the organization through the mysterious and foggy atmosphere of the crisis and bring it to its destination. The learning organization helps us in planning to promote people's innovation and their ability to deal with unpredictable situations, to promote innovators, people and their ability to deal with unpredictable situations, and educational planning to achieve the above goals. It will not be very difficult, but it needs to be careful. Learning should be a part of the daily schedule of the employees. Suggested that organizations pay more attention to employees through increasing motivation and raising the level of awareness and knowledge of employees in order to increase the information of employees in the field of intelligence and strategic thinking. Also, to differentiate their organizational position from competitors and create superiority over them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Presenting the management model of sports talents of Iranian students based on data foundation theory
Mahsa Mortezaeian Zahra Sadat Mirzazadeh Mohammad Keshtidar Mahdi TalebpourObjective: The purpose of this research was to present a model of sports talent management of Iranian students based on grounded theory.Methodology: In this research, the grounded theory method was utilized to theorize the topic based on a series of data coding steps us MoreObjective: The purpose of this research was to present a model of sports talent management of Iranian students based on grounded theory.Methodology: In this research, the grounded theory method was utilized to theorize the topic based on a series of data coding steps using MAXQDA software, which ultimately resulted in the identification of the final list of key factors to present a model of sports talent management of Iranian students. The participants of this study consisted of sports management professors and experts with rich experiences in the field of sports talent management. The sampling method was purposeful with professors and experts in the field of sports talent management and it was used up until theoretical saturation. Therefore, 16 experts in this field were interviewed.Results: After familiarizing and mastering the data, initial coding was carried out. In the second stage, after refining the initial codes, we came up with 28 concepts. The final categories were counted after categorizing 9 categories, and the way they are used is included in the model. This model considered leadership and management of sports talent, the growth and excellence of human force, the design of the system for monitoring, evaluation, and the provision of space, equipment and technology as causal conditions. An intervening condition in this model was talent motivation management. The model also included two categories of expanding the talent identification discourse and regulating interactions with institutions and families as background conditions. Talent identification, talent cultivation and talent management are also assumed as the main strategies in this model. Finally, as is also assumed in the last section, the result of this model should increase the vitality and hope for the future in students.Conclusion: It is expected that the senior officials of the Ministry of Education would implement a model of sports talent management of students at the country level to provide efficient and effective human resources for the future of the Iran's sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Explaining the components of the sports tourism development model: the sociological landscape approach of Isfahan city
Amir Ali Aghili shahram AroufzadPurpos:Tourism is the biggest industry in the world and sports is also one of the biggest and most important industries in today's world. The aim of this peresent study was Explaining the components of the sports tourism development model: the sociological landscape app MorePurpos:Tourism is the biggest industry in the world and sports is also one of the biggest and most important industries in today's world. The aim of this peresent study was Explaining the components of the sports tourism development model: the sociological landscape approach of Isfahan city.Methodology:The current research is survey type and practical in terms of purpose. The data collection method in this research is field type. The statistical population included sports tourists, sports managers of Isfahan city and sports management professors in the number of 500 people. Delphi technique was used to prepare and compile the questionnaire. The researcher's questionnaire was based on the dimensions of sports tourism. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used in two separate sections to analyze the statistical information of the findings. To investigate the interactive effect of demographic characteristics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to establish a relationship between dependent and independent variables and to present the model (Amos).Results: According to the results, it can be said that every economic activity in the tourism industry, the destinations must have a detailed knowledge of the market they are facing and the audience and products, and has analyzed the tourism market.Counclusion:In general, it should be acknowledged that by focusing on the views and interests of sports tourists and determining the target market for them with appropriate advertising and information about the Isfahan sports tourism market, creating transportation facilities and a suitable transportation system, social stability , improving the health and service situation, creating welfare and accommodation facilities and welcoming tourists and attending stadiums. In order to achieve this issue successfully, it is necessary to combine the perspective of politics, planning, sports management, control and supervisory processes and coherent social learning of Isfahan city, which this active participation can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of sports in the field of tourism and its sustainable development. to create On the other hand, market segmentation is predicted with the assumption that each market is made up of groups or segments with almost different demands and needs. It can be said that tourism marketing is of special importance; Because if marketing is considered a management process, all planning activities, provision of tourism products and attraction of tourists need marketing operations and activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Analyzing Fans' Lived Experience of Challenges of developing Football Fan Culture Study of Foulad Mobarake Sepahan Cultural and Sport Club
Salmann Azarbayejani Saeed Sharifi Ali RashipoorObjective: due to the strategic importance of the physical presence of fans in stadiums and the regulation of sports relations and their place in the development of fan culture, understanding the challenges facing football fans is considered a significant issue that is MoreObjective: due to the strategic importance of the physical presence of fans in stadiums and the regulation of sports relations and their place in the development of fan culture, understanding the challenges facing football fans is considered a significant issue that is independent of the capacities created by the centers. And sports clubs need to be analyzed and read from the perspective of the fans. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to analyze the lived experience of fans of the challenges of developing the culture of football fandom.Methodology: Qualitative research method is a phenomenological type with a descriptive approach and based on the Colaizzi model. The research community was the members of Sepahan Isfahan Sports Club and the cultural managers of the club. Of these, the research sample reached data saturation with 20 people. The purposeful sampling method was dependent on the criteria and heterogeneous. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the data was confirmed through external auditors, in-depth description, returning to the interviewees and two coders.Results: The findings of the research after implementing the information and coding the data in several categories including the re-engineering of the fans' thoughts in the development culture, the increasing trend towards media consumption, instrumental attitude towards the fans, the feminization of sports, the social responsibility of the fans, the cultural-social competence of the fans and Fan businesses were categorized.Conclusion: The development of fan culture requires preparation to face challenges, a major part of which can be done by increasing individual and interpersonal skills by fans; the results of this research will be effective in strengthening and rebuilding the attitudes of the managers and planners of fan centers for the development of fan culture.Paying attention to the upcoming challenges of the fan culture requires sports centers to create the necessary frameworks and standards to attract, educate and promote the fan culture and modify the existing processes in order to support the development of fandom. Based on this, fan centers need to draw a technical and cultural map in order to reach the desired sports position with the aim of continuing the presence of fans through the expansion and development of entrepreneurship and value creation of sports at the community level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Standardization of questionnaires in sports sociological studies
Hossein Poursoltani ZarandiObjective: The purpose of this research was to standardize questionnaires in sports sociological studies.Methodology: The method of conducting this research was descriptive-analytical, and it was tried to investigate various researches and sources in the field of statis MoreObjective: The purpose of this research was to standardize questionnaires in sports sociological studies.Methodology: The method of conducting this research was descriptive-analytical, and it was tried to investigate various researches and sources in the field of statistical methods and to describe and use the desired tests in the field of questionnaires standardization.Results: The results of the investigations show that SPSS, AMOS, R, Lisrel, Stata, EQS and PLS software are used in the factor analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaires. Also, in the process of standardization of questionnaires, the sample size in factor analysis, face and content validity, translation validity, types of reliability, convergent and divergent validity, construct validity and model fit should be determined with the desired methods that are explained in the text of the article. ; It should be considered so that measuring instruments with reliable validity and reliability can be used by researchers in various studies by measuring the norm of questionnaires.Conclusion: By using standardized questionnaires in the field of sports sociology, reliable and credible results can be obtained, and based on that, real operational solutions can be proposed.Objective: The purpose of this research was to standardize questionnaires in sports sociological studies.Methodology: The method of conducting this research was descriptive-analytical, and it was tried to investigate various researches and sources in the field of statistical methods and to describe and use the desired tests in the field of questionnaires standardization.Results: The results of the investigations show that SPSS, AMOS, R, Lisrel, Stata, EQS and PLS software are used in the factor analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaires. Also, in the process of standardization of questionnaires, the sample size in factor analysis, face and content validity, translation validity, types of reliability, convergent and divergent validity, construct validity and model fit should be determined with the desired methods that are explained in the text of the article. ; It should be considered so that measuring instruments with reliable validity and reliability can be used by researchers in various studies by measuring the norm of questionnaires.Conclusion: By using standardized questionnaires in the field of sports sociology, reliable and credible results can be obtained, and based on that, real operational solutions can be proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - The theory of social constructionism of Iraqi professional clubs
Aws Saad Hussein Rasool Nazari Naseer Qassem Khalaf Rezvan Mirsafaei RiziIntroductionConstructivism basically carries the term "make knowledge"; Constructivism is known by focusing on how the individual cognitively participates in the construction of knowledge from the perspective of social construction and acknowledges that knowledge and me MoreIntroductionConstructivism basically carries the term "make knowledge"; Constructivism is known by focusing on how the individual cognitively participates in the construction of knowledge from the perspective of social construction and acknowledges that knowledge and meaning are historically and culturally constructed through social processes and actions. Constructivist theory views knowledge as a construct. Purpose: The current research tries to link it with futurism by focusing on constructivism and in this process, by using the constructivist approach of grounded theory, to present a short-range theory in the construction of possible futures of professional sports. The growth of professional sports is the beginning of the development of the sports industry.MethodologyThis research is a type of qualitative research. In the present research, because we are looking for new concepts, from the point of view of nature, exploratory-fundamental; In terms of approach, inductive; From a paradigm perspective, the interpretive-constructive paradigm; From the perspective of strategy, the data theory of the foundation with a constructivist approach; From the point of view of data collection, field and library; From the point of view of the goal, explanation and modeling, and from the point of view of data collection tools, in-depth interviews and theoretical studies. Grounded theory or foundational data is one of the strategies of the qualitative method that emphasizes the induction or emergence of information from the data, in order to create a theory or model. In grounded theory, data forms the basis of our theory and our analysis of these data produces the concepts we want. Data allows us to learn from the stories of survivors and allows research participants to break the silence. But how researchers observe and present data depends on which version or approach they adopt from the grounded theory method (Charmaz, 2020). In this research, after studying and examining the mentioned challenge, in order to provide a systematic and schematic model of the findings from the coded data, it was tried to use the constructivist approach in the foundational data theory presented by Charmez. , to be used. This plan refers to the view of Charms (2020), which is a kind of philosophical position, between the almost positivist (quantitative) issue of Glaser and Strauss and the issue of postmodern researchers who question the importance of dominant research methods. Constructivist grounded theory leads researchers to focus on what is happening in the research context, reiterates that researchers are part of it, be flexible and follow empirical events.The data of this qualitative research, which had an exploratory-fundamental nature, was collected through targeted sampling with the snowball technique and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the field of professional sports in Iraq. A detailed interpretive understanding and primary, focused, central and theoretical coding determined that professional sports based on the requirements of shaping the future, by overcoming the weight of the past, the pressure of the present and in line with the tension of the future and the choice of proactive behavior in facing the future, can achieve its desired future. Make and set a perspective for it.Results: In this research, macro analysis of future trends, generating income from social media, new formulas for selling players, the existence of many talents in all disciplines in Iraq, sustainable talent search by clubs, development of academies and provision of legal measures for broadcasting rights.ConclusionIn this research, the surprising factors affecting Iraqi professional sports were also identified. The most important surprises affecting professional sports in Iraq include: privatization of public media, privatization of clubs, amendment of laws and copyright law, meritocracy, non-interference of politicians, change of attitude of managers, exclusive networks, sale of players, sale of products and marketing. Among the influential drivers are the drivers of professional sports budget providers, which are considered as one of the basic drivers of professional sports. Currently, the biggest drivers of professional sports goals in Iraq are the government and industries, and part of the armed forces and part of the sector. Private and those who fund professional sports form because this field is the biggest source that helps us to implement any program, especially the strategic plan with it is the issue of budget. Increasing the budget of Iraqi sports is one of the main drivers of professional sports in Iraq. Because the more economical the view of sports, especially professional sports, these sports will definitely win medals and bring Iraq to sustainable income generation and development in professional sports. Another driver identified is the presence of sponsors, which are the biggest drivers of Iraq's professional sports in the form of government sponsors and sometimes private sponsors. According to the findings of the research, one of the drivers identified in professional sports is having strategic and long-term plans in various fields of professional sports. Hence, the programs that are based on winning medals and titles in world arenas and Olympics, etc. Among other drivers in professional sports, we can mention the employment of competent people in management positions. Another driver of professional sports is talent search. If the talent search is done correctly in sports fields and these talents are increased based on a written program and a predetermined scientific plan, it can be effective in the world fields and the Olympics.Therefore, in order to make the state sports smaller and smaller, it is suggested that an independent institution of trade in sports be formed, consisting of the trustees of real private clubs, with the aim of making decisions for economic discussions and providing superior income generation models. The primary goal of this independent institution should be to attract the trustees of state clubs and go towards privatization. In a general conclusion, it can be acknowledged that by identifying the surprises and drivers affecting the future of professional sports in Iraq, it is possible to identify its various futures with different possibilities. Surprises sometimes bring transformative events such as the invention of a new technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Designing a cultural marketing management model with the approach of supporting the production of domestic sports products and goods
jahanbakhsh anbarian mojtaba shahnoushi saeed sharifiAbstract:Objective: The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a cultural marketing management model with the approach of supporting the production of domestic sports products and goods.Methodology: In terms of purpose, the current research is an appli MoreAbstract:Objective: The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a cultural marketing management model with the approach of supporting the production of domestic sports products and goods.Methodology: In terms of purpose, the current research is an applied research type, and in terms of method type, it is considered a mixed research method. The use of qualitative research methods, such as case studies, focus group interviews, theory based on data, action research, etc., only study the non-quantitative aspects of phenomena and alone cannot reveal the reality of phenomena related to management. and fulfill all the objectives of this research. . Therefore, it is necessary to use both qualitative and quantitative research methods to understand the management issues and to understand the reality of the constituent elements of the management organization. Quantitative research considers a part of the target statistical population by using sampling methods and collects the desired information by sending survey forms (online or manual) in the form of questionnaires, etc. The results of the statistical analysis of such data make quantitative research results. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of marketing experts and cultural managers who were semi-structured interviewed based on the information saturation of 15 participants. And in a small part, they were those who are active in the field of production, distribution and sale of cultural products. And based on Cochran's formula and sample size related to the number of variables in structural equation modeling, 250 people were selected as a sample. For data analysis, we used MAX QDA software in the qualitative section and SPSS and smartPLS software in the descriptive and inferential statistics sections. Findings: The findings showed that the factor loading values of all the items are greater than 0.4 and therefore the measurement model is a homogeneous model and the factor loading values are acceptable values. The results of the significance analysis of the t-statistic values showed that the t-statistic values for all items were reported to be greater than 2.58. This means that the relationship between the items with their respective latent variable is accepted at the confidence level of 99%. Model predictive power or shared redundancy is a measure to check the structural model. The purpose of this index is to check the ability of the structural model in forecasting by ignoring method. The most famous and well-known criterion for measuring this ability is the Q2 index, based on this criterion, the model should predict the indicators of the reflective endogenous hidden variable. The values obtained from this test are positive, which indicates the appropriate quality of the structural model. The results showed that the prediction power of the model is strong. Conclusion: The results showed that the strengthening of the private sector, optimal market management, planning and organization of production products in line with the promotion and sale of local cultural goods are the most important effective factors. Also, cultural marketing management strategies in the form of a specialized perspective, understanding the dimensions Cultural marketing, academic attitude to cultural marketing, empowerment, international interactions in order to manage cultural marketing as best as possible have been identified in this research.Keywords: marketing, cultural marketing, supporting national production, sports products and goods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Designing a model of the effect of professional ethics of physical education and sports science teachers on social well-being with the mediating role of media literacy
ali karimi hematallah bastami arsalan Choulaki fahimeh momenifarIntroductionNowadays, sport has found a special place as an effective phenomenon in all societies to the extent that in the field of sociology it is referred to as the most obvious manifestation of social and cultural life and it is effective in the rationalization of s MoreIntroductionNowadays, sport has found a special place as an effective phenomenon in all societies to the extent that in the field of sociology it is referred to as the most obvious manifestation of social and cultural life and it is effective in the rationalization of social life and the development of modern societies. they know. In this regard, education is one of the most important organizations promoting sports and its effects in society, and sports teachers are at the forefront of this organization and are responsible for this serious matter, and as a part of this system, they play a fundamental and key role in reaching They care about this. Today, due to the prosperity of sports and the large presence of media and means of mass communication in sports, it can be acknowledged that the media are the most powerful tools for projecting and spreading ideas and the most efficient tools for people to search and obtain information. On the other hand, due to the fact that sports has been considered as one of the influencing factors on social, economic and even international fields in many countries of the world, hence it can institutionalize and promote a policy such as ethics in this field. provided that, while promoting and introducing sports ethics in the society, especially among physical education and sports science teachers, the obstacles and problems facing the education and development of sports ethics are eliminated, so that it can be used as a strong tool to achieve media literacy. May sustainable social welfare be successful. Therefore, according to the material raised, the main problem of the current research is the question of how to design a model of the effect of professional ethics on social well-being with the mediating role of media literacy among physical education and sports science teachers in Kermanshah province.research method The present research was conducted in terms of purpose, applied, in terms of the type of data search, in terms of the data analysis method, analytical-exploratory, and in terms of field and correlational data collection. The statistical population of the research includes all physical education and sports teachers in Kermanshah province in three levels of education, elementary, middle and high school, with a total number of 1059 people. According to the size of the statistical population, the sampling method was random using Morgan's table. In order to collect the data required for this research, three standard questionnaires were used: professional ethics (Salimi et al., 2016), Keyes' social well-being questionnaire (1998), and Rajabi's media literacy questionnaire (2013). In this research, the face and content validity of the questionnaires was approved by sports management experts, and structural equations were used to examine the relationships between the components of the model and SmartPLS statistical software was used to analyze the datafindings According to the findings of the research, the media literacy variable has the highest average and the professional ethics variable has the lowest average. Also, the average value of the variance extracted for the current variables is higher than 0.5. Therefore, it can be said that the convergent validity of measurement models is favorable. The results of structural equation path analysis showed that professional ethics on media literacy with an impact factor of 0.77 and a critical value of 18.54, professional ethics on social well-being with an impact factor of 0.35 and a critical value of 4.01, and media literacy It has had a positive and significant impact on social well-being with an impact factor of 0.48 and a critical value of 5.14. Based on this, professional ethics has the highest impact on media literacy with an impact factor of 0.77, and professional ethics has the least impact on social well-being with an impact factor of 0.35. According to the output of the software and the Sobel test, which shows the effect of professional ethics on social well-being with the mediating role of media literacy, the research index of these three variables shows t=11.74. According to the output indicators, at a confidence level of more than 90%, the HO hypothesis is rejected, so it is clear that professional ethics has an effect on social well-being with the mediating role of media literacy. This means that with the increase of professional ethics and media literacy, social welfare will also increase. Conclusion Considering the influential role of physical education and sports science teachers in the development of students' cultural and moral values, as well as emphasizing human resources as the most important asset of schools in this impact, examining the performance of school human resources, especially sports and physical education teachers, due to the role Their importance in education and dissemination of science and knowledge as well as education and promotion and development of moral values among students is very important and the important and interesting factors related to them should be studied and investigated more. Therefore, paying attention to the skill of media literacy and social well-being in the development of professional ethics of sports and physical education teachers in schools and the importance and place of their character and behavior, creating a developed system of moral values and promoting and nurturing it among education teachers physical and sports sciences, paying attention to the economic, political and cultural issues of sports teachers in school sports environments and trying to reduce their effects on the moral values of students and using social, religious and legal opportunities in the society outside the school and outstanding It is recommended to develop its effects with the aim of developing moral values in sports, formulating mechanisms for employing sports teachers based on sports skills in student sports teams, and finally strengthening media literacy and social well-being of physical education and sports science teachers. Keywords: Professional ethics, sports teachers, social welfare, media literacy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Sport and socialization: A Neuroscience-Based Perspective
Ahmadreza Movahedi Parisa GhobadiSport and exercise have traditionally been acknowledged for their positive effects on physical health. However, recent attention has focused on their influence on mental health and socialization. This article examines the current scientific evidence regarding the impact MoreSport and exercise have traditionally been acknowledged for their positive effects on physical health. However, recent attention has focused on their influence on mental health and socialization. This article examines the current scientific evidence regarding the impact of exercise on neurotransmitters associated with socialization, including dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, and oxytocin. By exploring the effects of exercise on these neurotransmitters, we explain the mechanisms through which exercise promotes positive emotions, reduced stress, and enhanced social interactions. Additionally, we discuss the role of exercise in improving brain plasticity and its subsequent impact on cognitive function and socialization. Understanding these neurobiological processes can guide the incorporation of exercise into daily routines as an effective strategy for promoting mental well-being and optimizing socialization outcomes.Keywords: neurotransmitters, exercise, sport, socializationSport and exercise have traditionally been associated with physical health benefits, but their impact on mental health and socialization has recently garnered attention. Recent studies have highlighted the positive effects of regular physical activity on mood enhancement, stress reduction, and improved social interactions. These benefits are attributed, in part, to the influence of exercise on neurotransmitters within the brain, which play a crucial role in regulating emotions, motivation, and social bonding. This article aims to review the current scientific evidence regarding the impact of sport and exercise on neurotransmitters associated with socialization, including dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, and oxytocin.1. Dopamine:Dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and reward, is implicated in the enjoyment derived from physical activity. Research suggests that exercise can increase dopamine release in the brain, leading to improved mood and motivation (1). Notably, Landgren et al. (2010) observed higher levels of dopamine receptors in physically active individuals, indicating potential long-term effects on the brain's reward system and promoting positive emotions and behaviors conducive to socialization (2).2. Serotonin:Serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with happiness and well-being, is influenced by exercise. Evidence suggests that exercise can increase serotonin release, thereby reducing stress and anxiety (3). By alleviating negative emotions, exercise facilitates improved social interactions and bonding. Kandola et al. (2019) demonstrated that individuals engaged in regular physical activity exhibited higher levels of serotonin, leading to enhanced mood and reduced anxiety (4). These findings emphasize the role of exercise in fostering positive emotional states favorable to socialization.3. Endorphins:Endorphins, neurotransmitters responsible for excitement and pain relief, are also affected by exercise. Studies indicate that exercise promotes endorphin release, which in turn reduces stress, anxiety, and enhances mood and social bonding (5). Herring et al. (2019) found that individuals who engaged in regular physical activity exhibited higher levels of endorphins, resulting in improved temper and social bonding (6). These findings highlight how exercise-induced endorphin release contributes to positive emotions and social bonding, ultimately facilitating socialization.4. Oxytocin:Oxytocin, both a hormone and neurotransmitter, is closely associated with social bonding and trust. Exercise has been shown to increase oxytocin release in the brain, promoting social bonding and trust (7). This effect enhances positive social interactions and relationships. Heinrichs et al. (2003) indicated that regular physical activity resulted in higher levels of oxytocin, correlating with increased trust and social bonding (8). The findings emphasize the role of exercise in facilitating positive social bonding and trust, fostering an environment conducive to socialization.Brain Plasticity:Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt and change in response to new experiences. Exercise has been found to enhance brain plasticity, leading to improved cognitive function, including social cognition and communication (9). This effect positively impacts social interactions and relationships. Voelcker-Rehage et al. (2010) demonstrated that regular physical activity improved cognitive function and social communication skills (10). These findings underscore the role of exercise in promoting enhanced cognitive function, which ultimately supports improved socialization.Conclusion:Sport and exercise exert positive effects on neurotransmitters variables associated with socialization, including dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, oxytocin, and brain plasticity. The release of these neurotransmitters through exercise enhances mood, reduces stress and anxiety, increases motivation, and facilitates social interactions. Moreover, exercise promotes brain plasticity, improving cognitive function and augmenting social interactions. Consequently, incorporating exercise into daily routines represents an effective method for promoting mental health and enhancing socialization outcomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Presenting the development model of the cultural and social performance of the Iran Sports Federation
Melika Iravani Ghasem Rahimi Mohammad Soltan HoseiniPurpose: The purpose of this research was to provide a model for the development of the cultural and social performance of the Iranian Sports Federation. Methodology: In terms of purpose, application, in terms of time, cross-sectional and in terms of data collection, t MorePurpose: The purpose of this research was to provide a model for the development of the cultural and social performance of the Iranian Sports Federation. Methodology: In terms of purpose, application, in terms of time, cross-sectional and in terms of data collection, the current research is among descriptive-correlational researches. The statistical population of this research was selected as available, and based on the fact that 19 final concepts were identified, the estimation of the analysis method was used to determine the sample size, and the sample size was considered equal to 285 people. It should be noted that 15 samples were considered for each parameter. The researcher-made tool used has 87 questions and was designed based on a 5-point Likert scale. Was. that the formal validity was confirmed by the professors and the construct validity was confirmed by factor analysis and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and diagnostic model were used using SPSS software to check the research model. Findings: The results show that the most important variables, mental, physical and social factors, have an impact on the development of the cultural and social performance of the Iran Sports Federation, the results of the diagnostic analysis model show the significance of the whole function with regard to these variables. Conclusion: Physical education and sports as a source of positive changes during different periods such as childhood, adolescence and puberty can improve the general condition of people and create a lifelong learning process. People participating in sports are at a suitable level in terms of health and well-being, and they have suitable conditions mentally and spiritually.Sports and physical activity, including sports participation, is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Beyond the physical effects, this practice causes positive social and psychological consequences among people. Connecting people with physical activity and sports has positive effects on physical fitness, well-being and health.The development of public sports with a cultural approach can make people in the group and society turn to sports activities, and also on an individual scale, people should have the belief and attitude to participate in public sports activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Interpreting sports in Bourdieu's discourses
Kamal JavanmardIntroduction:This article seeks to analyze sport and its functions in Berdieu's theoretical apparatus. Along with the genealogy of modern sports, he has analyzed the educational, educational, economic, social and political functions of this phenomenon, and it is co MoreIntroduction:This article seeks to analyze sport and its functions in Berdieu's theoretical apparatus. Along with the genealogy of modern sports, he has analyzed the educational, educational, economic, social and political functions of this phenomenon, and it is considered that this phenomenon is a part of the process of political power, soft domination, and new education. Methodology:The research method of this article is historical and the technique of documents and library is used. In this study, Bourdieu's works in the field of sports, which were based on surveys and field findings, were examined. Findings:The findings of this study indicate that Bourdieu considered sports as a social and composite phenomenon that consists of multiple elements. Bourdieu considers sport to be class-oriented and one of the aspects of class separation. Based on this, people do not have absolute freedom in choosing sports, but their choice is limited by their class characteristics. Conclusion:Bourdieu concludes, today the diverse functions of sports have caused this phenomenon to be considered beyond sports. In his opinion, sports are a low-cost tool to entertain and enrich students' free time and a tool in the hands of the ruling class to advertise and legitimize the system. Bourdieu introduced sports in close connection with the field of political power and considered it as a field of competition for power, and it is because of this that sports is a mechanism for the mobilization and symbolic conquest of the masses and a means of domination by governments. He also believed that the spread of modern sports among the strata and mass of European society left a tremendous impact. Modern sports are a low-cost means of entertaining students and enriching their free time and filling their idle hours. According to him, taking care of students with sports will be simple and inexpensive. Therefore, Bourdieu considers modern sports as a part of the new education process and considers the function of this type of sports in day and night schools as an educational function. Economic mechanism in order to monitor and discharge violence and moderate their aggression. On the other hand, according to Bourdieu, sport is a field to compete for power. It is a tool in the hands of the ruling class as a symbolic political mobilization and conquest of the masses, therefore it believes that institutions such as parties, unions and churches compete with each other in attracting young people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Compilation of the educational program of sports lifestyle requirements based on the social characteristics of teenage Football players: an action research study approach
fahimeh sepehri Rokhsare Badami Zohre MeshkatiObjective: Success in adolescent athletes is attributed to physical, technical, and mental attitude. However, the basis of success is factors such as lifestyle, support and various social factors that may have a successful performance. Training and observing lifestyle a MoreObjective: Success in adolescent athletes is attributed to physical, technical, and mental attitude. However, the basis of success is factors such as lifestyle, support and various social factors that may have a successful performance. Training and observing lifestyle as a set of habits, behaviors and tastes for a long time in athletes preserves the possibility of flourishing high performance. But so far, lifestyle does not have a place in the development programs of athletes. On the other hand, one of the important components for establishing successful interpersonal relationships is social skills, which are determined by emotions and human behaviors. It should be noted that one of the elements of socialization in all cultures is the acquisition of social skills, and a person with better social skills can choose and present acceptable behavior in a certain time and situation. The purpose of this research Compilation of the educational program for the requirements of the sports lifestyle based on the social characteristics of the teenage football players in the pre-season has been done qualitatively and according to the needs of the athletes. Methodology: The present study is from the point of view of paradigm, critical, in terms of orientation, practical, in terms of perspective, inductive, in terms of method, qualitative, in terms of research environment, field, in terms of design, action research, in terms of concept, description, Explanation and prediction are from the point of view of tools, observation, interview. The participants of this study were 21 male adolescent athletes in the age range of 13, as well as the coach of this football team. Findings: Using the theme analysis method, the obtained data were analyzed. Finally, the comprehensive categories of sports lifestyle (team cohesion - empathy, communication, social behaviors, moral judgment, reviving the sense of responsibility, social networks, problem solving, management of feelings and emotions) were identified and extracted. Conclusion: In general, the results of this research showed that it is important to pay attention to the identified needs and the duration of the pre-season to change the athletes' lifestyle. Therefore, in accordance with the findings of this research, it is suggested that coaches, psychologists, sports managers pay due attention to environmental, social and individual factors in order to achieve the success and goals of the team in order to prepare the sports lifestyle training program for teenage football players in the pre-seaso. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Identifying Factors affecting Organizational Dynamics with a Social Sociological approach (case study: Ministry of Sports and Youth)
Mohammad Moradi mina Mostahfezian Hamid Ghasemi Hamid ZahediThe sociology of sports is that all phenomena and events cannot be one-sided and one-dimensional, but rather complex and complex that express realities. Concepts and phenomena gain meaning when they are examined as concrete and connected realities in relation to other s MoreThe sociology of sports is that all phenomena and events cannot be one-sided and one-dimensional, but rather complex and complex that express realities. Concepts and phenomena gain meaning when they are examined as concrete and connected realities in relation to other social realities (Brett, 2009). This is despite the fact that social order is one of the most important issues and topics discussed and, accordingly, it is one of the most central areas of sociological knowledge. On the other hand, sports in its group form as one of the most important social activities plays an effective role in the cultural conditions of the society. To meet the changing needs of customers, organizations need to produce and provide new and high-standard products and services in a fast and flexible way. The traditional structures of Taylorism that were used effectively in the past are not suitable in today's dynamic and competitive environment. Many scientists in various fields from all over the world came together to respond to this growing pressure. The basis of the success of these scientists is the need for organizational dynamics (Claretha, 2010). Organizational dynamism is a basic approach to managing environmental uncertainty and is considered as the dynamic ability of the organization to actively respond to the changing competitive environment, which may create a sustainable competitive advantage for the company (Ketkar & Sett, 2010). Research Lehman Wilmbrook and Allen (2018) showed that organizational dynamism has a positive and significant effect on the organizational performance of hospitals, and the more dynamic the organization is, the better it can react to environmental changes. In their research results, Besli et al. (2023) acknowledge that organizational culture is one of the factors influencing organizational dynamics. A review of the background of the research shows that a research that has not been done specifically to examine and identify the factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a sociological approach; Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a social sociological approach and providing solutions to improve the current situation.MethodologyThis research was conducted in a mixed way in terms of practical orientation and in terms of data collection methods. The statistical population in the quantitative section also includes the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, 371 people were selected. According to the nature of the research, data collection in the first part was done using in-depth semi-structured interviews in order to conduct the interview, The reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. The value of alpha coefficient in this research for the used questionnaire was reported as 0.89. The method of data analysis was used in the qualitative section according to the foundation's data theory method. This method emphasizes the use of data analysis steps through open, central and selective coding, and in the quantitative part, using inferential statistics methods including calculating the construct validity of the questionnaire and examining its exploratory factor analysis structure using Spss version 24 software. The calculation and testing of the final model of the research was done with the analysis of structural equations through Imus 24 software.Findings In the continuation of the goodness of fit test, the research model was confirmed. The indices along with the coefficients obtained from the research are mentioned in the table below.Table 1. Fit indices for the research modelModel fit indices AGFI GFI CFI IFI NFI RMR RMSEA CMIN/DFThe amount obtained 0.80>80 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.1< 0.1< 3<Criterion value 0.91 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.067 2.94Based on the index values presented for this model in Table 5, the Kaido index is less than 3 for its degree of freedom, and the fit indices of NFI, CFI, IFI, GFI and AGFI are greater than 0.8, RMSEA and RMR are also smaller than 0.1. that confirmed the fit of the model.ConclusionConsidering the importance of organizational dynamics in the current situation, for the country's sports organizations, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the identification of the influencing factors on the dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth in the form of a model. In this research, 7 influencing factors on organizational dynamics were identified, and their prioritization includes organizational structure, human resources, new management style, organizational policies, organizational culture, competitiveness, and acceptance of change.Based on the results of this research, one should look for approaches to change the socio-cognitive behavior of the employees of sports organizations; Because according to the results of the present study, changing the approach towards dynamic organizations is the only way to deal with continuous environmental changes and crises in sports; Therefore, according to the findings of the current research, it is recommended to the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and their subordinate organizations to use the necessary planning and investment for the development of dynamics in sports organizations based on the identified priorities, in order to deal with the continuous changes in the environment. While responding faster and coordinating with new laws and conditions, achieve the desired goals of the organization with creativity and discovery of innovative processes. Among the limitations of the current research in the qualitative part of the research is the possibility of different interpretations of the phenomenon under investigation, and naturally, the interpretation made of the phenomenon studied in this research is only one of the possible and acceptable interpretations about it. In the quantitative part, the impossibility of controlling environmental factors on statistical samples when answering questions is one of the limitations of the research. Finally, it can be said that the findings of this research clearly pointed to important steps that can lead to the improvement of the existing dynamic situation of the organization with a social sociological approach to reach the desired situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Analytical study of the social and motivational effects of exercise for the elderly in Iran
Lida Moazen Ahmadi Hassan Fahim devin zahra sadat mirzazadeh Hossein PeymanizadAnalyze the social effects of sports for the elderly in IranAbstract Objective: The aim of the current research was to analyze the social effects of sports for the elderly in Iran.Methodology: The current research was applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in t MoreAnalyze the social effects of sports for the elderly in IranAbstract Objective: The aim of the current research was to analyze the social effects of sports for the elderly in Iran.Methodology: The current research was applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of its execution method. The method used in this research is foundational data theory. The statistical population of this research is all sports science professors, sociology professors (due to their knowledge of the social issues of the elderly), psychology professors (due to their knowledge of the psychological issues of the elderly), municipal managers (due to providing more sports services to the elderly and being aware of the need general sports of the elderly) and researchers who have at least two scientific research articles in the field of research. In the current research, the method of combined theoretical sampling was targeted in a non-probabilistic manner until reaching theoretical saturation. For this purpose, 15 people were selected as research samples. In this research, the paradigm coding model was used to analyze the data obtained from grounded theory in the form of a systematic coding process including three open, central and selective stages.Findings: The results of the research showed that the social effects of exercise for the elderly consist of two concepts: prevention of social harms and empowerment and hope for the future. The category of prevention of social damages was formed from the two concepts of development of psychological factors of lifestyle and strengthening of cultural and security issues, which consisted of 10 signs and 3 signs, respectively. The category of empowerment and hope for the future was also formed from the two concepts of improving the level of social life and increasing social capital, which were formed from 11 signs and 8 signs, respectively.Conclusion: In a general conclusion, it should be stated that sports for the elderly should be promoted with the aim of social interactions, improvement and preservation of the individual capacities of the elderly, and as a result, a better adaptation of the elderly to different life conditions will be created.Keywords: Sports, Elderly, Social Effects, Empowerment, Social Injuries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - National pride by improving franchise development in the country's sports industry with fuzzy Delphi approach and structural-interpretive modeling
Reza Mahdian Mohammad Soltan Hosseini Ghasem Rahimi SarshebsderaniFranchising is an innovative business method in which people behave according to quality and improvement (Guo, 2023). Franchise is a new entrepreneurial method in the market (Rosado, 2023). Franchise is a system and business relationship between franchisor and franchise MoreFranchising is an innovative business method in which people behave according to quality and improvement (Guo, 2023). Franchise is a new entrepreneurial method in the market (Rosado, 2023). Franchise is a system and business relationship between franchisor and franchisee under a brand name. In exchange for money, the owner of the brand and business model gives the franchisee the right to use the said brand and business model, including all related trademarks, goods, systems, etc. (Abdul Ghani, 2022). To provide ongoing service and support, franchisors must generate revenue and profit. Franchise franchise guarantees require the franchisor to invest in the success of the franchisee and guarantee the flourishing of the brand. However, fundamentally, franchising is about the franchisor's relationship with its franchisees (Rye, 2021).Compared to other types of business, franchising will be less risky than starting an independent business, because franchisees benefit from the brand recognition and knowledge of their franchisor. This also makes young franchisees successful because they follow exactly the franchisor's instructions (Le Bot, 2022). In contrast, franchisees provide financial capital for the franchise system, knowledge of geographic areas and labor markets, and management of their workforce (Cook, 2021). Although franchising allows franchisees to own, manage, and operate their own businesses without assuming all of the associated risks, franchise growth is becoming more widespread in response to the changing competitive environment because franchise products are more stable and Their quality is known, which leads to national and local trust in the products and services provided (Sun, 2021).MethodologyAccording to the obtained results, it is clear that 10 factors are related to the first level. Creating commercial leverage, increasing production in sports, franchise preliminary training, platform modifiability, platform and legal support, participant attraction structure, workforce participation, sustainable business, strategic policies, and support policies. Also, two factors are on the second level. These two factors include creating financial concentration and creating government policies. The only factor related to the third level is the semiotics of employee experience. The factor of national pride remains in the model, which is related to the fourth level of the modelFindingsAccording to the obtained results, it is clear that 10 factors are related to the first level. Creating commercial leverage, increasing production in sports, franchise preliminary training, platform modifiability, platform and legal support, participant attraction structure, workforce participation, sustainable business, strategic policies, and support policies. Also, two factors are on the second level. These two factors include creating financial concentration and creating government policies. The only factor related to the third level is the semiotics of employee experience. The factor of national pride remains in the model, which is related to the fourth level of the modelConclusionFranchise as a market entry strategy can be an advantage for the state sports of our country and many countries benefit from this system. Therefore, considering that the strategy of expert human resources is an important thing in improving the business of sports products, it is suggested that they pay attention to this matter and help by taking measures to develop better and more marketing strategies. For this purpose, they can get help from management consulting companies in the field of formulation and implementation of various franchise strategies. It is also appropriate for sports businesses to increase the recognition of the abilities, weaknesses and strengths of human resources by formulating appropriate strategies, which will allow sports product businesses to gain a competitive advantage. It is suggested to institutionalize the sale of sports products by adopting policies and determining appropriate structures, as well as providing favorable environments and platforms. It is suggested that by holding educational workshops for sports businesses, they provide business development with a franchise approach. Also, among the limitations of the present research, it can be stated that the data collection coincided with the spread of the corona virus, which caused problems in physical access to the research samples. Also, this research has been done cross-sectionally. Because of this, it makes it difficult to draw conclusions about causality. And the issues related to coordination with the respondents were among the other issues that faced problems and delays in the research implementation process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Recent Challenges and Trends in the Planning and Development of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
Zohreh FotouhiThe use of electric vehicles is expanding as one of the essential solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save gasoline fuel consumption. Therefore, the modern transportation industry in many countries is changing and evolving under the influence of electric ve MoreThe use of electric vehicles is expanding as one of the essential solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save gasoline fuel consumption. Therefore, the modern transportation industry in many countries is changing and evolving under the influence of electric vehicles' economic and environmental benefits. To accelerate the process of this evolution, proper design and development of the charging infrastructure are crucial. In addition, equipping charging stations with renewable energy sources and managing the intermittent nature of the production of these sources can lead to the improvement of environmental goals. The design and development of the charging infrastructure and the increase in electric vehicles bring various challenges to the power and transportation networks. In this regard, it is essential to provide appropriate solutions for various key issues such as congestion management, determining the location and optimal capacity of charging stations, and managing charging demand, considering both networks' requirements. This paper comprehensively discusses the latest achievements and significant developments in this fascinating and rapidly developing research area by introducing the objectives, methods, and data used. By highlighting the existing challenges, we pave the way for revealing research gaps and helping researchers address the problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Effect of the TestPUMP supplementation on serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and high sensitive C reactive protein levels in male fighters
Siamak Rezaei Khoshkzary Reza Nuri -
Open Access Article
289 - Identifying and Prioritizing Investment Risks in Sports Projects
Hossein Dalvand Mohammad Hasan Maleki Hossein Jahangirnia Mojgan Safa -
Open Access Article
290 - Fuzzy Compromise Approach for Solving Interval-Valued Fractional Multi-Objective Multi-Product Solid Transportation Problems
Hamiden Khalifa -
Open Access Article
291 - Providing a Mathematical Model of Selecting a Production Supplier in the Supply Chain with the Approach of Bee Algorithm and Comparison with Genetic Algorithm
Tajaddin Eram Nasser Fegh-hi Farahmand Yaghoub Alavi Matin -
Open Access Article
292 - Designing an Integrated Model of Mathematical Planning and IoT with Emphasis on Cost-Time-Routing Optimization of Intercity Transportation Systems
Shahrzad Babaie Mohammad Seyedhosseini Mohammadreza Motadel -
Open Access Article
293 - The Parameters Affecting the Mathematical Programming Model of the Appropriate Transportation System
Shahrzad Babaie Mohammad Seyedhosseini Mohammadreza Motadel -
Open Access Article
294 - Designing an Optimal Selection Model of Transportation Network in A Multi-level Supply Chain Using Game Theory
mahmood darvish sefat Javad Rezaeian Mohammad Mahdi Pourpasha -
Open Access Article
295 - High-Speed Train Technology Transfer Dynamic System Model
Hojjat Ashouri Seyyed-Mohammad Seyyedhosseini -
Open Access Article
296 - Green Sport Marketing Mix on Sportswear Consumers Purchasing Behavior
Mohammad Khorsandi-Fard Reza Ismaeelzadeh -
Open Access Article
297 - Model Evaluation and Ranking of How to Optimize the Transport of Container Shipping Companies Using TOPSIS Technique
Hamed Shakerian Morteza Rahmanee Nikooei -
Open Access Article
298 - Testing the Conceptual Model on the Causal Relationship of Motivation and Consumption Intention
Habib Mohammadpour Yaghini Farshad Tojari Mohammad-Ali Aslankhani -
Open Access Article
299 - Importance Monopoly and Importance Competition on the Urban Network Infrastructure (Case study: Public transportation lane No.10 and 96 of Mashhad bus system)
Farhad Karimani Mahtab Saeedi Manesh -
Open Access Article
300 - Integration of Rail and Air Transport; Approach to Adjusting the Effects of the Airport on The City Airport on Surrounding Urban Areas (Case Study: Mehrabad International Airport)
Javad kamali Reza kheyroddin -
Open Access Article
301 - Sociological Explanation of Women's Participation Affecting Factors in Public Sports in Gorgan
Mazanin Hosseini Karimabadi Akbar Talebpour Akbar AfarineshkhakiThe aim of this study was to explain the sociology of factors affecting women's participation in public sports in Gorgan. This research was a qualitative in which the Grounded Theory method was used. The statistical population of this study included elite female athlete MoreThe aim of this study was to explain the sociology of factors affecting women's participation in public sports in Gorgan. This research was a qualitative in which the Grounded Theory method was used. The statistical population of this study included elite female athletes, coaches and experts in the field of public sports, specialists and professors of physical education and sports sciences. Using snowball sampling method, 15 individuals were selected as the sample. In order to ensure the reliability of the obtained data, two methods of retest reliability and intercoder reliability were applied. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Based on the analysis, 46 open codes were extracted, which were classified into 5 categories (subcategories): personal barriers, family barriers, facilities and economic barriers, cultural barriers and social barriers. According to the results, it could be concluded that part of the barriers to women's participation in public sports were related to personal factors and the other part was related to environmental and social factors. It is suggested that by increasing women's awareness about the benefits of physical activity and also removing some cultural, environmental and social barriers, the necessary ground for women to participate more in public sports should be provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - and Social support in Sports and Non-sports Women in Ahwaz City
Sahar SafarzadehThe research objective was the comparison of self-efficacy, domination and social support in sports and non-sports women in Ahwaz city. The sample consisted of 200 subjects (100 sports woman, 100 non-sports woman), which were selected by random. For data collecting thre MoreThe research objective was the comparison of self-efficacy, domination and social support in sports and non-sports women in Ahwaz city. The sample consisted of 200 subjects (100 sports woman, 100 non-sports woman), which were selected by random. For data collecting three questionnaires were used: self-efficacy questionnaire (GSE), Domination (F) California questionnaire and Philips Social support Questionnaire. Statistical results were significant on P value less then 0/05 (P<0/05) and showed significant difference between sports and non-sports women on self-efficacy, domination and social support. Therefore the research hypotheses were confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Evaluation Response of Different Genotypes of Sugarcane to Absorb and Transfer of Nutrition Elements Affected Salinity Stress
Faraj Mosavi Alireza Shokuhfar -
Open Access Article
304 - Advance polymeric membrane to CO2 separation
Samaneh Bandehali Abdolreza Moghadassi -
Open Access Article
305 - ارزیابی ذرات و بررسی رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا با استفاده از نرمافزار CCHE2D
محمد رضا فرشادی سعید حاجی علی گل جواد احدیان محمد جواد نصر اصفهانیپدیده رسوب­گذاری در مخازن سدها پدیده­ای پیچیده بوده و عدم اطلاعات از میزان رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد و پیش­بینی روش­های کنترل آن، موجب کاهش عمر مفید سد و اتلاف سرمایه­های عظیم ملی می­گردد. به منظور محاسبه بار رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا از مدل ر Moreپدیده رسوب­گذاری در مخازن سدها پدیده­ای پیچیده بوده و عدم اطلاعات از میزان رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد و پیش­بینی روش­های کنترل آن، موجب کاهش عمر مفید سد و اتلاف سرمایه­های عظیم ملی می­گردد. به منظور محاسبه بار رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا از مدل رایانه ای CCHE2Dکه توانایی انجام محاسبات رسوب را دارد استفاده شده است. برای آماده­سازی مدل، از حجم زیادی اطلاعات شامل مشخصات مقاطع رودخانه در بالادست محل احداث سد، آمار مربوط به دبی روزانه رودخانه، سیلاب­های با دوره بازگشت­های مختلف، دانه­بندی مواد بستر و دیگر اطلاعات مورد لزوم استفاده گردیده است. پس از کالیبره کردن و اجرای نرم افزار، بار رسوب ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا برابر با 89435 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب محاسبه شد و با توجه به نوع حالت بهره­برداری از مخزن و وزن مخصوص انباشته­ها و ضریب تله­اندازی 90 درصد، حجم کل رسوب انباشته شده در مخزن این سد برابر با 241 میلیون مترمکعب خواهد بود که 23/7 درصد حجم کل مخزن سد را پس از 100 سال تشکیل می­دهد. همچنین قسمت اعظم بار رسوبی ورودی به مخزن سد گتوند علیا ذرات سیلت درشت با اندازه 6250/0 - 310/0 میلی­متر و ماسه بسیار ریز با محدوده اندازه 125/0 - 0625/0 میلی­متر را تشکیل می­دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - پایش کیفی پارامترهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و میکروبی در طول کانال انتقال آب تصفیه خانه جنوب شرق
سید محمد مهدی آیتی مهدی اسدی لور رودخانهها بدلیل ورود بخشی از آلایندههای ناشی از فعالیت جوامع انسانی در مقایسه با سایر منابع آب (زیرزمینی) به مقدار بیشتری در معرض ورود آلایندهای ثانویه به منابع آبی محسوب میشوند. بررسی کیفیت کانال انتقال آب تصفیه خانه جنوب شرق به دلیل تامین آب شرب شهرستانهای م More رودخانهها بدلیل ورود بخشی از آلایندههای ناشی از فعالیت جوامع انسانی در مقایسه با سایر منابع آب (زیرزمینی) به مقدار بیشتری در معرض ورود آلایندهای ثانویه به منابع آبی محسوب میشوند. بررسی کیفیت کانال انتقال آب تصفیه خانه جنوب شرق به دلیل تامین آب شرب شهرستانهای ماهشهر، بندر امام و صنایع پتروشیمی اداره کل بنادر و کشتیرانی و سایر مشترکین اداری و تجاری بندر امام از اهمیت ویژهای برخودار است. در این مطالعه به بررسی پارامترهای کیفیت فیزیکوشیمیایی و میکروبی شامل دما(T)، هدایت الکتریکی(EC)، کل جامدات محلول(TDS)، کدورت(TUR)، خاصیت اسیدی یا بازی(pH)، سختی آب(TH)، کلسیم(Ca)، منیزیم(Mg)، کلرور(Cl، کربنات(C03)، بی کربنات(HCO3)، سدیم(Na)، پتاسیم(K)، اکسیژن مورد نیاز شیمیایی(COD)، سولفات (SO4) و کلیفرم مدفوعی درطول کانال انتقال آب جنوب شرق از کوت امیر تا سربندر اقدام شد. براین اساس در بازه زمانی آبان 97 تا اردیبهشت 98 طی عملیات میدانی اقدام به برداشت نمونه کیفی درهر ماه دو نوبت و هر نوبت دو نمونه کیفی از 5 نقطه در طول کانال آب جنوب شرق و در مجموع به تعداد 60 نمونه کیفی برداشت شد. طبقه بندی آب از نظر کشاورزی، شرب و صنعت بر پایه تحلیل کیفی از طریق نمودارهای ویلکاکس، شولر، و پایپر انجام شد و در انتها استفاده از شاخصNSFWQI اقدام به طبقه بندی کیفی آب شد. بررسی نتایج آزمایشات و نمودارهای صورت گرفته در خصوص کیفیت آب از نطرشرب در کلاس قابل قبول بود. همچنین با استفاده از شاخصNSFWQI کیفیت آب در طول مسیر کانال در حد متوسط میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - تاثیر زاویه و موقعیت آبگیر در میزان دبی رسوب ورودی انحرافی در قوس رودخانه به کمک مدل CCHE2D
رضوان زنگنه امیرعباس کمانبدست علیرضا مسجدیآبگیرها از جمله سازههایی هستند که برای برداشت آب از رودخانه ها طراحی و اجراء می شوند رودخانه ها همراه آب مقداری رسوب با خود حمل می کنند که این رسوب حاصل فرسایش بستر رودخانه و فرسایشی است که در اثر وقوع بارندگی و یا جاری شدن روانآب سطحی بر روی حوزه آبریز بوجود می آید. چ Moreآبگیرها از جمله سازههایی هستند که برای برداشت آب از رودخانه ها طراحی و اجراء می شوند رودخانه ها همراه آب مقداری رسوب با خود حمل می کنند که این رسوب حاصل فرسایش بستر رودخانه و فرسایشی است که در اثر وقوع بارندگی و یا جاری شدن روانآب سطحی بر روی حوزه آبریز بوجود می آید. چنانچه عمل آبگیری از رودخانه صورت گیرد، ورود رسوبات به آبگیر، مشکلاتی را به جهت رسوب گذاری به همراه خواهد داشت. در این تحقیق از مدل ریاضی CCHE2D به دلیل هزینه کمتر نسبت به روشهای موجود، تسریع در روند مطالعات و همچنین استفاده از نتایج برای سایر موارد مشابه استفاده شد. به منظور بررسی شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان و رسوب در آبگیر با زاویه های مختلف 30 ،45 ، 60 ، 75 و 90 درجه و موقعیت 25، 40، 55 و70 با مدل ریاضی CCHE2D به شبیه سازی دبی و رسوب ورودی به این آبگیر ها پرداخته شده است. نتایج حاصل از آزمایشات نشان می دهد که آبگیر در موقعیت 70 و زاویه 90 درجه با 4/8 درصد، کمترین رسوب انحرافی به آبگیر را دارد. این گزینه می‎ تواند مشکل رسوب گذاری و کمبود آب در بعضی از فصول سال را مرتفع سازد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Using the Multi Moora Method to Identifiy and Rank Transport Companies based on Performance Evaluation Indicators
gholam reza einy sarkalleh hosien MAHMODY Hossien Afzali MOSTEFA REZVANY DOST hafez ashkanToday, the transportation industry is growing in the country, and at the same time it has increased operational costs. Identifying and assessing the performance of economics enterprises and, finally, feedback and analysis of evaluation indicators is one of the main issu MoreToday, the transportation industry is growing in the country, and at the same time it has increased operational costs. Identifying and assessing the performance of economics enterprises and, finally, feedback and analysis of evaluation indicators is one of the main issues in the transportation industry In this research, multi-criteria decision-making techniques and Delphi methodology have been used to identify the indicators that affect the performance of a transport business, then the MULTIMOORA decision making method has been applied which is one of the novel methods of decision making There are several criteria and according to the established criteria, prioritization and ranking among the proposed performance indicators is performed. The present paper, in addition to identifying the indicators of the effect of Godard on the evaluation of the performance of the transport enterprises, tends to describe the steps of the MULTIMOORA method in brief in its methodology. Keywords: Transportation, Enterprise economics, Multi-criteria Decision Making, Group Decision Making, Group Decision Making, MultiMoora Method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Supply chain resilience in postal transport with factor analysis approach
Mansour Jangizehi Mohammad Reza MalekiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the resilience of the supply chain in the transportation of goods by postal companies in critical situations. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and research background and interviewing experts, 14 resilience ind MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the resilience of the supply chain in the transportation of goods by postal companies in critical situations. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and research background and interviewing experts, 14 resilience indices were extracted and questionnaires were distributed and collected among 98 postal customers. Preliminary data analysis was performed through SPSS software and principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis. After varimax rotation, the variables with eigenvalues greater than one and factor loads greater than 0.55 were identified and explained the highest correlation and variance. Finally, six hidden factors were obtained. Also, in order to obtain the relationship between indicators and factors and the internal relationship between indicators, through MATLAB software, all super matrix calculations, weighted matrices and partial matrices have been performed through the network analysis process method. Finally, the value of the importance of each factor and the importance of the relative coefficient of each index are calculated, in which the insurance of the goods is the most important factor and the timely delivery of the goods is the most important indicator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Drug logistics network design based on the fleet routing by using the improved gray wolf optimizer algorithm
farzad mahmoodi Farzad Pouyan farTransportation of pharmaceuticals as one of the most complex types of transportation has always been studied by researchers. This issue, which is a subset of a key issue called the transportation of hazardous substances, is one of the most integral and high-risk activit MoreTransportation of pharmaceuticals as one of the most complex types of transportation has always been studied by researchers. This issue, which is a subset of a key issue called the transportation of hazardous substances, is one of the most integral and high-risk activities in the industrial activity cycle. Trying to find the optimal solution to this problem is one of the most useful topics in logistics. Accordingly, this study optimized the design of the drug logistics network. In this regard, the issue of vehicle routing (VRP) has been inspired. In this regard, the issue of vehicle routing (VRP) is inspired. To this end, first a conceptual model for this problem and a new mathematical model for routing drug transport vehicles with the role of path sensitivity and time window uncertainty are presented. In order to solve the problem, the Gray Wolf meta-heuristic algorithm has been used as a new and efficient algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, this algorithm is compared with the exact solution method and genetic algorithms and particle swarm and the results of the gray wolf algorithm show that this algorithm provides answers with the least possible error in a very short time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - The identification and ranking of the indicators affecting the routing and scheduling of sustainable urban transportation using multi-criteria decisions
shiba masoumi Seyyed Mohammad Hadji Molana Mehrdad Javadi Amir AziziAbstractThe present study was carried out in order to evaluate and rank the indicators of urban transport sustainability using descriptive-analytical methodology and Delphi methods, best-worst and best priority. In order to achieve the indicators of sustainable transpor MoreAbstractThe present study was carried out in order to evaluate and rank the indicators of urban transport sustainability using descriptive-analytical methodology and Delphi methods, best-worst and best priority. In order to achieve the indicators of sustainable transportation in three economic, social and environmental dimensions, the criteria were ranked based on library studies, and the opinion of experts, so as to finalize the criteria of great importance on the research issue to enter the Delphi method, and be used as the evaluation criteria to save time and the number of trips. The final criteria were entered into the weighting and ranking process using the best-worst method and the best priority method. The results of the two methods of best-worst and best priority were compared using statistical methods.Considering that the ranking of the criteria was the same in both methods and the Spearman correlation coefficient was +1, so there is a strong correlation between the criteria.Also, the Pearson correlation coefficient between weights was 0.989 and the significance level was zero, which demonstrate a strong relationship between variables. Therefore, ranking and weighting obtained from the two methods were accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Application of game theory on optimizing multilevel green transportation problem under multi-stakeholder’s condition
mahmood darvishsefat Javad Rezaeian Mohammad Mahdi PourpashaGame theory, a branch of applied mathematics, which has been recently used to study strategic behavior, i.e. the conditions in which the desirability of each factor depends on the decisions made by the players. The paper proposes a multilevel green transportation model MoreGame theory, a branch of applied mathematics, which has been recently used to study strategic behavior, i.e. the conditions in which the desirability of each factor depends on the decisions made by the players. The paper proposes a multilevel green transportation model under multi-stakeholder’s condition, that game theory could be used to selects the best interactive mode by presenting different scenarios so that all stakeholders in a game achieve their maximum benefits.In this paper, a comprehensive multi-level supply chain model consisting of several simultaneous stakeholders has been considered. An optimal model was developed to achieve the lowest cost at different levels of the chain. The optimal model includes the lowest costs of purchase and production, maintenance, shortage, and warehousing. The model also includes various components of products transportation and distribution for all members of the chain. The produced Co2 at different stages of production and transportation for both involved parties was accounted in the model to minimize the environmental impacts. Furthermore, a competition in the context of a game to select the optimal situation between the stakeholders of the supply chain has been considered make the best decision in terms of a participatory game by considering different scenarios. In this paper, Excel and Gams software were used to model and solve the numerical example. The results confirmed the superiority of the optimal values of the game theory model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - A Multicriteria Decision Making Model for Outsourcing Heavy Transportation Activities: (Case Study: Iran’s Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical Industries
Kiarash Vazirizadeh Hamidreza Izadbakhsh Hamed Davari-ArdakaniHeavy transportation plays a leading role in the construction and development of infrastructure of industries. Consequently, transportation of heavy, expensive equipment has drawn the attention of many organizations around the world. This paper proposes a multicriteria MoreHeavy transportation plays a leading role in the construction and development of infrastructure of industries. Consequently, transportation of heavy, expensive equipment has drawn the attention of many organizations around the world. This paper proposes a multicriteria decision-making model to assess the performance of firms dealing with the logistics and transportation of heavy equipment. First, a number of evaluation criteria were determined by reviewing research works in this area, interviewing experts and using the Delphi method. Afterward, a panel of experts compared the evaluation criteria, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the relative importance of the evaluation criteria. Then, Fuzzy Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) was utilized to assess the performance of firms active in the area of heavy equipment transportation. Finally, the assessment procedure was conducted by ELimination Et Choice Translating Reality (ELECTRE). A case study of firms active in the heavy transportation within oil, gas and petrochemical industries in Iran was used to implement the proposed multicriteria framework. Results of both Fuzzy TOPSIS and ELECTRE methods showed that the A7 organization is the leading one in the transportation of heavy industrial equipment. In addition, both these methods provided a similar ranking of other organizations active in the transportation of heavy industrial equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Outsourcing in Railway Transportation Using the Data Enveloping Method
Mohammad Mehdi Movahedi Nima SaeediDue to the competitive condition of the private environment of the organizations, the newly arrived services providing companies have gained a huge growth. The issues of economic recession as well as the bankruptcy of different industries, the railway industry in partic MoreDue to the competitive condition of the private environment of the organizations, the newly arrived services providing companies have gained a huge growth. The issues of economic recession as well as the bankruptcy of different industries, the railway industry in particular, have forced the organizations to make themselves ready for the critical days trying to remove the economic barriers by their own. So, these organizations must be familiar with the methods and tricks of the change management. This measure must be performed in such a way to make them less vulnerable to the turbulences which happen and to help them for the better quality, higher productivity with less administrative an production costs. In this paper, it is aimed to introduce the outsourcing strategy as a tool for enhancing the organizational productivity and through combining it with the DEA to provide a tool for the railway transportation companies to select their required suppliers. If the process of outsourcing by using the external resources is performed based on the certain studies, it would lead to the reduction of production costs, quality improvement, employee satisfaction, employment growth and finally to the increase of organizational productivity. Therefore, through outsourcing and combining it with DEA and GP for selecting the supplier, the process of using this acquired efficiency tool would be available. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - The relationship between Perceived Social Support and Perceived Organizational Support with Sports Participation in Female Students
omid safari asma sadatroshan afshin rostamiIntroduction: The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between perceived social support and perceived organizational support with sports participation in high school female students of Mamasani city. Research methodology: The statistical populatio MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between perceived social support and perceived organizational support with sports participation in high school female students of Mamasani city. Research methodology: The statistical population of the research is all female high school students in Mamasani city which according to the statistics obtained from the recruitment offices, are equal to 3491 people. The statistical sample was 351 people using Morgan's table and random cluster sampling method. The nature of this research is descriptive survey research, and data collection was based on library and field studies, and data collection tools included Nahapiet and Ghoshal's standard social capital (1998), Eisenberger et al.'s perceived organizational support (1990) and Parsamehr et al.'s sports participation (2013) questionnaires. Data analysis was done via SPSS statistical software. Findings: The results of the research indicate that there is a significant relationship between the perceived social support and the perceived organizational support with the sports participation of female high school students in Mamasani city(P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: As a result, it is appropriate to pay more attention to the variables of perceived social support and perceived organizational support in this organization in order to improve the sports participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - The Relationship between Practice Deprivation in Covid-19 Pandemic, Attitudes toward Sport, Socioeconomic Status and Level of Activity with Depression, Vitality and Happiness among Bodybuilders
Mohsen Golparvar Alireza SalehpourThe Covid-19 pandemic deprives a wide range of athletes from engaging in sports activities and thus creates problems for them. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sports deprivation in the corona pandemic period, attitudes toward sports, soci MoreThe Covid-19 pandemic deprives a wide range of athletes from engaging in sports activities and thus creates problems for them. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sports deprivation in the corona pandemic period, attitudes toward sports, socio-economic status and level of activity with depression, vitality and happiness among bodybuilders. The research method was correlation in the framework of canonical correlation analysis and the statistical population of the study was the bodybuilders in Isfahan city in spring 2021. Among them, 211 persons were selected trough accessible sampling manner. Attitudes toward sports questionnaire (2021), socio-economic status questionnaire (Ghodratnema et al, 2012), a question to measure exercise deprivation, a question to measure activity level, depression questionnaire (Beck, 1961), vitality questionnaire (Rayan & Fredrick, 1997) and Oxford happiness questionnaire (Argyle & Lu, 1990) were used to measure the variables. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and canonical correlation analysis by SPSS version 25. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that among the four predictor variables, socio-economic status with a canonical standard coefficient of 0.72, attitudes toward sport with a canonical standard coefficient of -0.55, and sports deprivation in the corona pandemic period with canonical standard coefficient of 0.39 can predict depression, vitality and happiness. Overall, the findings of this study showed that deprivation of sports due to corona pandemic has been able to play a role along with socio-economic status and attitude to sports for depression, vitality and happiness of bodybuilders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Analyzing the dimensions of the requirements of strategic planning of human resources, examining its relationship with the positioning strategies of sports services in the sports complexes of Kerman
mohsen manzari tavakoli mohammad ali safa nia salahaddin naghsh bandi reza NikbakhshThe aim of the current research is to analyze the dimensions of the requirements of strategic planning of human resources, to examine its relationship with the positioning strategies of sports services in the sports complexes of Kerman. The research method of descriptiv MoreThe aim of the current research is to analyze the dimensions of the requirements of strategic planning of human resources, to examine its relationship with the positioning strategies of sports services in the sports complexes of Kerman. The research method of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics was used and the statistical population included the employees of sports complexes in Kerman, taking into account the possibility of unusability of some completed questionnaires, a total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, and finally 385 questionnaires were used as the basis for statistical analysis. Two researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect data. Validity assessment was done using face validity and approval by management experts. The questionnaire of requirements for strategic planning of manpower equal to (85%) and positioning strategies of sports services has been calculated equal to (86.1%). Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively with SPSS version 23 and PLS Smart version 23 software, in the current research, the significance level is 0.05, based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the effect Positive and meaningful requirements of strategic planning of human resources on positioning strategies of sports services. Also, the coefficient of determination shows that 13% of the changes in the positioning strategies of sports services are explained by the strategic planning requirements of human resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - A comparative study of the design quality of the websites of private sports clubs in Iran and Germany based on the Web Assessment Index method
Ali Korooki Mina Hakakzadeh Mohammad PourranjbarThe purpose of the current research was to study the comparative quality of the design of the websites of private sports clubs in Iran and Germany based on the Web Assessment Index method. The present research method is based on the descriptive nature which was based on MoreThe purpose of the current research was to study the comparative quality of the design of the websites of private sports clubs in Iran and Germany based on the Web Assessment Index method. The present research method is based on the descriptive nature which was based on the objective of the applied type. The statistical population of the websites of private sports clubs in Iran and Germany was a total of 40 official websites that were selected by the Google Map tool and its advanced settings (selecting a location for keyword search) and the keyword "private sports club" in Iran and in Germany. For evaluation, the research tool included the checklist of the Web Assessment Index model of Marincas and Vultur (2007) and standard offline and online software’s in this field, and for comparative comparison, paired t-test was used in SPSS26. The results showed that the design quality of Iranian sports clubs’ websites is 35% in unfavorable condition and 35% in average condition, and also 50% of German sports clubs’ websites are in favorable condition and 30% are in average condition. Finally, the design quality of German websites was much better than of Iranians’ Websites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - A Survey on the Planning Type of Sport Planning on the Social and Adaptive Performance
omid safari fatemeha hoseni hadish ghasmyan aslThe purpose of this research is to study the type of sports planning on the social and adaptive performance of university girls in Yasouj city. The statistical population of the research is 421 university girls of Yasouj city. Of these, 200 people were selected as sampl MoreThe purpose of this research is to study the type of sports planning on the social and adaptive performance of university girls in Yasouj city. The statistical population of the research is 421 university girls of Yasouj city. Of these, 200 people were selected as samples. The measuring instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. According to the research findings, there was a significant correlation of 0.62 between sports planning and social and adaptive performance of university girls in Yasouj city. There was a significant correlation of 0.47 between sports planning on increasing social and adaptive skills among college girls in Yasouj city. There was a significant correlation of 0.62 between sports planning and doing household tasks among university girls in Yasouj city. Also, there was a significant correlation of 0.60 between sports planning and self-care among college girls in Yasouj city (significance level 95%).n sports planning and self-care among college girls in Yasouj city (significance level 95%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Promoting the health of the elderly: Assessing the quality of life and the cost of treatment based on physical activity
samira Akbari Hosein AliMohmadiThe category of quality of life in different strata, especially the elderly who have special mental and psychological conditions is very important, the quality of life taken into account as an important indicator in the study of the health of the elderly. The purpose of MoreThe category of quality of life in different strata, especially the elderly who have special mental and psychological conditions is very important, the quality of life taken into account as an important indicator in the study of the health of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life and treatment costs of the elderly based on the level of sporty participation.The present research is scientific-comparative research in the form of a survey. The statistical sample of this study was 600 elderly people who were selected from the cities of the Khuzestan province, which were selected in the form available. The data collection tool in this present study is a questionnaire and it consisted of three sections: demographic information, treatment costs, and sporty participation and quality of life (whoQo-BREF), which contained 25 questions in six areas. The formal validity and the content of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts. The data analysis in the descriptive statistics section has used the indicators of central tendency and dispersion; in the inferential statistics section, the normal tests of data distribution were used One-way analysis of variance and Schaffer post hoc test. All statistical operations were performed through SPSS software version 20.The results showed that there is a significant difference between the treatment costs and quality of life of the elderly based on the level of sporty participation.It seems that due to the importance of quality of life in the elderly, regular physical activity can be considered as one of the ways to improve the quality of life of the elderly as well as reduce the treatment costs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Evaluation of Kermanshah urban train project based on sustainable urban transportation system
rojin marzi seyedeh sepideh ghalamro Golshan abbasporTransportation system is one of the main parts of a city. Policy monitoring and planning of urban transportation systems based on sustainable urban transportation system are the basic needs of transportation projects, which are considered to be the concern of developed MoreTransportation system is one of the main parts of a city. Policy monitoring and planning of urban transportation systems based on sustainable urban transportation system are the basic needs of transportation projects, which are considered to be the concern of developed countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the project of the city of Kermanshah on the basis of sustainable urban transportation system. The research method in this study is the kind of survey method using a questionnaire and is considered one of the applied research. Statistical population of this study is citizen of Kermanshah and sample size of 384 people. Sampling method is available in this study. The validity of the data collection tool according to Cronbach's alpha test was confirmed by 91. To analyze the data of this study, SPSS and AMOS are used and data analysis has been used to analyze the nature of hypotheses using t - test and first - order confirmatory factor model. The results of this study showed that the city train of Kermanshah province does not cover any of the indicators and dimensions of the sustainable urban transportation system and the numbers obtained in its analysis range from the standard limit definition. In dimension of urban landscape, citizens view the least damage to the city, and then public participation and consideration of citizens as users of space are at the lowest in the situation. According to the analysis by researchers, the city train project of Kermanshah in terms of urban landscape is also in a good condition and will cause the identity of the city identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - The policy of attracting investors in the development of sports spaces and places
ALI del pisheh milad saki narges safarAbstract: In this study, the effective factors in attracting investment in the development of sports spaces and places were studied. Sports venues and spaces are one of the most important and basic uses in today's cities that play an important role in ensuring the healt MoreAbstract: In this study, the effective factors in attracting investment in the development of sports spaces and places were studied. Sports venues and spaces are one of the most important and basic uses in today's cities that play an important role in ensuring the health of the body and soul of citizens. Also, one of the reasons for the importance of sports infrastructure and sports promotion is the positive impact of sports participation on health, community health and reducing treatment costs due to inactivity in different age groups. The development of sport requires attention to many dimensions, at the macro and micro level, many factors affect the spread and promotion of sport. Sports development is defined as the structures, systems, opportunities, and processes that enable individuals to participate in sports and recreation and to improve their performance to the desired level. Sports spaces and venues are types of social spaces in human settlements. Simultaneous and dense presence of a large human population, mobility, leisure and entertainment of residents of large cities, conducting sports competitions, holding gatherings. Therefore, policy priority should be based on attracting private sector investment in the development of metropolitan areas and sports venues. In this study, we propose a solution for effective planning for private sector participation in the development of sports facilities and venues. The present article, using a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to identify the factors influencing policy-making and capital attraction in sports venues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Connection self-efficacy of coaches with the individual creativity of Zurkhaneh athletes and the mediating role of sports commitment
peyman Golmohammadi shahab bahrami Hamid foroghiporThe aim of this study was to link the effectiveness of coaches with the individual creativity of Zurkhaneh athletes and the mediating role of sports commitment. Descriptive correlation research method that was performed using structural equations. Zurkhaneh athletes num MoreThe aim of this study was to link the effectiveness of coaches with the individual creativity of Zurkhaneh athletes and the mediating role of sports commitment. Descriptive correlation research method that was performed using structural equations. Zurkhaneh athletes number 396 people In the competitions of the year 1398 They had participated Leadership Scale Questionnaires, Effectiveness of trainers, Sports Commitment Scale, And complemented individual creativity. data With using Ways of Inferential descriptive statistics As Stretch test And skewness, Confirmatory factor analysis (Construct validity) And path analysis (Structural equation modeling) With Use From The software Spss and Lisrel Were analyzed. The results showed, The effectiveness of coaches on Sports commitment Effective And Conversely On Creativity Had no effect. Also Sports commitment On Athletes' sports creativity effective And The relationship between the effectiveness of coaches With Creativit Also Mediates. On Basis Research results Recommended Zurkhaneh sports coaches With Alliance Style decision Appropriate To Promotion Effectiveness, Creativity And sports commitment of athletes paid That From This Through And With Attention To that in Zurkhaneh sports Virtues Moral Place Subtlety have, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Explaining the paradigm model of anti-productive behaviors in Sports Boards
Zainab Badeli Asra Asgari Amin Rashid Lamir Zayalabedi, Falah Taher BehlekehThe purpose of this study is to explain the paradigm model of anti-productive behaviors in Sports Boards the present study in terms of purpose is Practical and In terms of data collection method Was Descriptive survey. In the first part (qualitative) for conducting fiel MoreThe purpose of this study is to explain the paradigm model of anti-productive behaviors in Sports Boards the present study in terms of purpose is Practical and In terms of data collection method Was Descriptive survey. In the first part (qualitative) for conducting field interviews, the statistical population of the study, prominent professors in the field of sports management specializing in organizational behavior and also some managers of sports boards in Golestan province who had doctoral studies, these people purposefully for interviews Qualitative was selected in the research topic (16 interviews with 16 people and continued until theoretical saturation) and in the second part (quantitative) after collecting information from qualitative research, a questionnaire was made and this questionnaire (66 items in 22 components) among managers and employees of sports boards in Golestan province. Distributed randomly (110 samples). Max QDA Pro version software was used to analyze the interviews and extract the research codes. SPSS software version 24, Smart PLS version 0.2 were used to review and answer the research and drawing questions and to formulate the measurement model and structural model. Based on the results of analyzing the qualitative data obtained from the interviews, the paradigm model of behaviors Anti-productive in sports boards containing 28 categories in the form of six dimensions including causal causes (four categories), main phenomenon (four categories), strategy (seven categories), underlying factors (three categories), intervening conditions (two categories) ) And consequence (eight categories). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Validity assessment of Job embeddedness questionnaire
Marjan Hemmati Nezhad Reza Nikbakhsh Akbar Afarinesh Khaki Farideh SharififarThey presented Job embeddedness to create a comprehensive approach of employer-employee relationship and in this way described the level of psychological and social isolation of employees with the relevant organization and the environment in which the organization opera MoreThey presented Job embeddedness to create a comprehensive approach of employer-employee relationship and in this way described the level of psychological and social isolation of employees with the relevant organization and the environment in which the organization operates. Purpose: The general purpose of the current research was to study and test occupational isolation in the context of sports. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of this research was made up of all male and female physical education teachers in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019, and their number was 2152. The minimum sample size based on Cochran's formula was 326 people, and due to structural equation modeling, a statistical sample of 400 people was considered in this research. The statistical sample was selected using stratified cluster sampling from 19 educational districts of Tehran. The trust of the manager has no significant effect on the intention to move to a job in the context of sports. Distributive justice has a significant negative effect on the intention to change jobs in the context of sports at the level of 0.01.. Job embeddedness does not have a moderating role in the effect of manager's trust on the intention to change jobs in the context of sports.Job embeddedness has a significant moderating role in the effect of distributive justice on the intention to change jobs in the context of sports Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Identification and ranking of motivation to follow sports teams in Instagram based on Uses and Gratifications Theory (Case study: Tehran Perspolis Team)
Abed Mahmoudian Saeed Sadeghi Boroujerdi Sara Gharibi Mojtaba Ghasemi sieaniThe purpose of this study was to identify and rank the motivation for sports teams in Instagram based on the uses and gratifications theory (Case study: Persepolis team of Tehran). The present study was descriptive-survey and all students of Persepolis football team at MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and rank the motivation for sports teams in Instagram based on the uses and gratifications theory (Case study: Persepolis team of Tehran). The present study was descriptive-survey and all students of Persepolis football team at Kurdistan University who followed the official page of Persepolis Club at Instagram were considered as the statistical community, out of which 400 available selected as sample. The tools used included questionnaire 18 question motivating followers of social media pages of sports organizations from Lee et al. (2018). In order to evaluate the face validity of the questionnaire, the views of sports management professors and to verify the content validity of the Lawshe model and their internal consistency were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics (Friedman rank test, Yu Mann Whitney test). The results indicate that information incentives, team support, entertainment, technical knowledge, time lapse and life expectancy are prioritized for sports team followers on Instagram, respectively. Instagram team managers and officials should be aware of the needs, motivations and reasons for followers in social networks to produce relevant content in order to meet the needs of followers, and provide them with a sense of pleasure and experience for them and their satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Presenting a Model for the Role of Sport on Iran's Sustainable Development
Azam Azadi, Ghasem Rahimi Rasool NazariThe present study aims to provide a model of the role of sport on sustainable development in Iran. The research method was grounded pluralism theory in data. According to the research, initially using library studies, the elements of participation were identified. After MoreThe present study aims to provide a model of the role of sport on sustainable development in Iran. The research method was grounded pluralism theory in data. According to the research, initially using library studies, the elements of participation were identified. After in-depth interviews with 17 operational and scientific experts, the theme analysis method was used to extract the elements and group them. The output of this step was to identify 92 indicators in the form of 5 main dimensions and 12 sub-dimensions. Convergent and divergent validity was used to determine the validity, which all results were satisfactory. The results showed that for the sustainable development of Iran with regard to through sports, preparation and formulation of a strategic plan for public and championship sports, officials' attention to the capacity of the private sector in sports activities and expansion of sports venues in urban space and balanced distribution of facilities and Recreational and sports equipment is essential for all citizens to have access to this space. But to solve the problems, pay attention to organizational strategies, including the development of a strategic plan for public participation in the sports organization and the use of control and evaluation tools to ensure the effectiveness of teamwork and participation in sports along with creating a work environment with trust and honesty among participants. It can provide a platform for sustainability to improve personal and interpersonal communication among participants. Causal and structural factors in sports caused the environmental context, management operations and service quality, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Investigating the natural resources of Ardabil province with the approach of identifying positive opportunities for the development of local indigenous sports based on the culture and traditions of the community
Mehrdad Moharamzadeh Mohammad saivan Nouri farhad fathiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the natural resources of Ardabil province with the approach of identifying positive opportunities for the development of local indigenous sports based on the culture and traditions of the community. This research was quasi-ex MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the natural resources of Ardabil province with the approach of identifying positive opportunities for the development of local indigenous sports based on the culture and traditions of the community. This research was quasi-experimental and cross-sectional in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population included professors and elites and university specialists, graduate students, staff of Ardabil Youth and Sports Department, sports delegations especially public sports board, sports tourists, leaders, staff of tourism and handicrafts department, staff of hotels and inns. The statistical sample was randomly selected from the community. To collect data, the questionnaire of strategies for reviving, promoting and promoting traditional and local sports and games of Honarvar et al. (2014) was used. The items of this questionnaire are equal to 31 items. The reliability of Cronbach's alpha method was 0.93. The results of factor analysis showed that the structural model is well-fitted. The amount of χ 2 is a low and appropriate value. Also, P-VALUE index is less than 0.05, RMSEA index is less than 0.071. The GFI index was 0.91 and the AGFI index was 0.84. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Sports Governance in Iran: A Scoping Review
Mostafa Mohammadi raoufGiven the challenges in the sports industry, this industry needs optimal management. A new approach that can help is governance. So the purpose of this paper is to review the current state of governance research in Iranian’s sport. This paper, In adopting Arksey a MoreGiven the challenges in the sports industry, this industry needs optimal management. A new approach that can help is governance. So the purpose of this paper is to review the current state of governance research in Iranian’s sport. This paper, In adopting Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, descriptively and library-based and based on the analysis and study of documents and sources, a comprehensive search of all published research in the form of articles, dissertations and dissertations reviews the concept. In these searches, 24 studies (20 articles and 4 dissertations) were identified by September 2021 that examined issues related to sports governance. Data analysis was based on repetition and theme analysis. Results show; Research in the field of governance in sports has become a concern of sports management researchers since 2016. Most of these researches include survey and quantitative studies and have paid attention to the public sector. The findings also showed; Of the three forms of governance (organizational, systemic, and political), most research was devoted to organizational governance. It seems that due to the challenges facing sports organizations in the country, such as the discussion of sanctions and suspension of federations, research in the two areas of political governance and systematic governance is needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - The effectiveness of supportive and non-supportive behaviors of coaches on self-efficacy and subjective well-being of Wushu athletes
Amir Karimi atefeh Taemori navid mahtabThe purpose of the present study is to analyze the effectiveness of supportive and non-supportive behaviors of the instructors on the self-efficacy and subjective well-being of wushu athletes.Statistical population of this study includes all wushu athletes of Kurdistan MoreThe purpose of the present study is to analyze the effectiveness of supportive and non-supportive behaviors of the instructors on the self-efficacy and subjective well-being of wushu athletes.Statistical population of this study includes all wushu athletes of Kurdistan Province who participated in national championship at different age ranges in 1399. The data on these athletes was based on the information from Kurdistan wushu sports staffs. According to Krejecie-Morgan table, statistical sample of this study includes 86 athletes who were selected based on simple random sampling. In order to collect data, some questionnaires were used. The validity of these questionnaires was approved by the professors and their reliability and sub-scales were at optimal level at Cronbach's alpha coefficient test. Statistical indicators such as frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation were used in the descriptive analysis of the data. Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) –SPSS; version 22-were used in the section of inferential statistics. The result of this study shows that 47.2% of the statistical samples have Associate degrees and 34.8% were in the range of 26 to 30 years old. The result of the referential statistics shows that supportive behaviors of the instructors have effect on the athletes' self-efficacy (96.2 =F, p≤ 0.05) and also their non-supportive behaviors have such result: (59.4 =F, p≤ 0.05). Moreover, supportive behaviors of the instructors have effects on the athletes' subjective well-being (58.3=F, P≤ 0.05). This is also true for the non-supportive behaviors of the instructors on the athletes' subjective well-being(34.10=F,P ≤ 0.05).   Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Future study research on the management of sports organizations in Iran in the horizon of 2035
zahra nateghi Parivash nourbakhsh Mehdi kohandel mahvash noorbakhshThe purpose of this research was to study the future of the management of sports organizations in Iran in the horizon of 2035. The method of this research was mixed and its design was of alignment type. In the qualitative study, the theme analysis method was used, and i MoreThe purpose of this research was to study the future of the management of sports organizations in Iran in the horizon of 2035. The method of this research was mixed and its design was of alignment type. In the qualitative study, the theme analysis method was used, and in the quantitative study, the prospective research method was used. The participants of this study were experts who were selected based on the purposeful sampling method and based on the theoretical saturation of 17 people. A semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative part and a questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. In order to check the quality and validation of the qualitative results in the current research, the evaluation criteria of Lincoln and Gaba Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate the reliability coefficient. In the qualitative part, coding was used for data analysis, and in the quantitative part, cross effects analysis and mutual effects analysis were used. The findings showed that the future of sports organization management is affected by 36 factors, and among them, 7 driving forces are called multifaceted organizations, team building, system thinking, quick decision-making, flexible and Dynamic, new division of work with a new management model, changing the traditional arrangement of sports organizations and teamwork skills in extra-organizational dimensions are the possible future alternatives of sports organization management, which lead to the production of two scenarios of group thinking and grouping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Analysis of the performance of the sports convoy of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the world military sports competitions (SISM) with selected countries
farhad fathi ali ghobadi Mohammad saivan NouriObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of sports convoy of military sports in the world (International Military Sports Council) compared to global competitors.Methodology: The study is descriptive analytical and retrospective. Researchers h MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of sports convoy of military sports in the world (International Military Sports Council) compared to global competitors.Methodology: The study is descriptive analytical and retrospective. Researchers have tried to describe Without prejudice to the status of Iran in the International Military Sports Council's Sports and use the documentation available, rank and medals earned by Iranian athletes in the tournament, to compare their performance with the top 10 countries in the world.Results: taekwondo, athletics, judo and wrestling medal of Iran in the International Military Sports Council championship respectively. In the overall standings of medals was ranked as the fifteenth country. The findings of this study may be noted that Performance’s iran volatility in this tournament. So that the failure to observe the period of absence in the tournament lacked consistency and performance is sinusoidal form.Conclusion: In recent years the country has increased due to the exercise of the armed forces and have been different control planning in this area. In this regard the increasing interaction between physical education and sports federations of the armed forces and holding joint camps of the armed forces and sports clubs settled on the one hand and puts the other hand, the military has a strong role in the promotion of sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - predicting suitable strategies to implement the supply chain management in sports clubs
fatemeh biabani navid mahtab Fatemeh MotaghediThe purpose of this study was to identify appropriate solutions to implement the supply chain management in sports halls. in order to achieve this purpose, exploratory research method was used. statistical population in the qualitative part of research management expert MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify appropriate solutions to implement the supply chain management in sports halls. in order to achieve this purpose, exploratory research method was used. statistical population in the qualitative part of research management experts, which was selected as sample to 15 people, sample size to theoretical saturation and in the quantitative part of the research method of sampling method, sample size of 245 people were selected randomly. in order to collect information in the qualitative part of the research, the interview method was used and in the quantitative part of the research, the questionnaire was used in the qualitative part of the research, which was based on cronbach's alpha, which was equal to 87 / 0 and content validity of the questionnaire was also approved by experts. to analyze the data in the qualitative section, content analysis was used and a quantitative part of confirmatory factor analysis and friedman test was used. findings in the qualitative part of research show that supply chain management is composed of components of resource management, orbital cost, performance evaluation, service supply, demand management, constructivism, information management. the results of the confirmatory factor analysis were confirmed by RMSEA05. the results of friedman test showed that according to the results of demand management,and resource management respectively had the highest impact as a suitable solution, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Conceptual model test of the organizational performance of Staff Ministry of Sports and Youths
Mahmood Shahkarami majid soleymani gholamreza khaksari adel afkarAbstractThis study's goal was to evaluate a conceptual model of how Ministry of Sports and Youth staff performed organizationally. All 901 of the Ministry of Sports and Youth's workers, who work for the Islamic Republic of Iran, comprise the statistical population for t MoreAbstractThis study's goal was to evaluate a conceptual model of how Ministry of Sports and Youth staff performed organizationally. All 901 of the Ministry of Sports and Youth's workers, who work for the Islamic Republic of Iran, comprise the statistical population for this study. The 269 individuals that made up the statistical sample were chosen at random and stratified, according to Morgan's table. The instruments used to collect the data are four Taslimi standard organizational communication questionnaires from 2014, each with 24 items, Ahmadi Baladhi's professional qualification questionnaire from 2016, each with 30 items, Rabat agricultural performance evaluation from 2013, each with 17 items, and Alipur Shirswar's entrepreneurship questionnaire from 2015, each with 22 items. Six university academics confirmed the questionnaire's validity by using a five-point Likert scale to answer the question. In terms of the goal, the descriptive-correlation study methodology is useful. Construct validity of organizational communication questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.849 and reliability coefficient of 0.765, questionnaire, letter of professional qualification with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.702 and composite reliability coefficient of 0.834, organizational entrepreneurship of 0.867 and reliability coefficient of 0.8 The performance questionnaire was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.865 and composite reliability coefficient of 0.756. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the questionnaires' construct validity, and the Cronbach's alpha test was used to verify their reliability. The data in this study was analyzed using structural equation techniques, SPSS, and PI.S software. The study's findings demonstrated that professional credentials and organizational communication both significantly affect how well the Ministry of Sports and Youth's staff performs as an organization, with a path coefficient of 0.7 for professional qualifications and a path coefficient of 0.547 for organizational communication. To achieve effective and efficient management, it is advised that sports and youth organization officials strengthen and develop organizational communication from the open system of organizational communication, as well as their professional and entrepreneurial qualifications, functional and behavioral skills, as well as their specialized and interpersonal abilities.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - The Model of factors affecting Crisis Management in Sports Organizations: Passive Defense Approach
Mehran Seirafian Boboldashti, Rasool Nazari elham moshkelgoshaThe purpose of this study is to assess the effect of organizationa culture on knowledge sharing and agility in crisis management. The method of this study is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of research type, a descriptive survey is carried out. The statistical MoreThe purpose of this study is to assess the effect of organizationa culture on knowledge sharing and agility in crisis management. The method of this study is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of research type, a descriptive survey is carried out. The statistical population of this study included employees of Isfahan,s sport organization. 386 people were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire and data analysis using structural equation modeling with Smart PLS and SPSS software. The results indicate that the organizational culture is a significant predictor of knowledge sharing in employees. In other words, the organizational culture does affect the knowledge sharing. Meanwhile the results of structural equation modeling show that identifying the affecting parameters of agility in critical conditions and improving them can be constructive in encouraging employees to demonstrate agility behavior. What is more, according to the findings, organizational culture and knowledge sharing considerably affect agility in crisis management. Therefore, formulating a model for documenting experiences, applying data mining, increasing the organizational affiliation of employees and knowledge-based managers are among the practical recommendations for managers to agile organization for crisis management in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Innovation in Sports Activities for The Elderly With an Active Leisure Approach
raha barahmandActive Leisure is a good opportunity to live life in a way that is desirable for all ages, especially the elderly, who are considered by society to be sedentary and isolated. The purpose of this study is to identify innovative ways for older people to participate in lei MoreActive Leisure is a good opportunity to live life in a way that is desirable for all ages, especially the elderly, who are considered by society to be sedentary and isolated. The purpose of this study is to identify innovative ways for older people to participate in leisure sports activities. This study is a secondary study and the method of its implementation is to review the best evidence. Resources were collected using Google Scholar, Science direct, SCOPUS, PubMed, ProQuest and Research Gate engines. The findings of this study indicate the benefits of leisure-sports activities to improve the general condition of the elderly. Social and governmental support of this age group is very necessary for the participation of the elderly in leisure-sports activities, and by properly designing a suitable space for the elderly or designing sports fields, a suitable ground can be created for the active participation of the elderly in sports. In the next step, the use of technology and the use of sports games can also help the active leisure of the elderly. Based on the research findings, it is suggested that stakeholders take steps to improve their conditions and performance by innovating in the design of spaces, facilities, appropriate sports equipment and appropriate efficiency of technology in the leisure time of the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Prioritizing the Components that Affect the Security Management of Sport Events (Case Study: Student Competitions)
Kazem Shiralipour Saeid Amirnejad Mohammad SanaeiThe aim of the current research was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the security management of sports events (case study: student competitions). The method of this research was conducted qualitatively and based on the foundation's data approach in the G MoreThe aim of the current research was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the security management of sports events (case study: student competitions). The method of this research was conducted qualitatively and based on the foundation's data approach in the Glazerian approach and in the field. In order to collect information, unstructured interviews were conducted with 17 experts familiar with the security of sports events, school sports, and sports management specialists until theoretical saturation was reached, and the data were collected simultaneously using a set of open, axial coding. and selectively analyzed. Also, to measure the reliability of the interview retest reliability method, which was obtained as 0.85. Factor ranking was analyzed using Shannon's entropy test and SPSS24 and MAXQDA18 software. The results showed that factors such as health management, human resources management, financial resources management, organizational and managerial developments, the event's contribution to achieving the organization's goals, the consequences of holding the event, and safety and security management as factors affecting the security of sports events in knowledge competitions. The students were identified. Entropy analysis showed that security management, financial resources management, and human resources management have the highest score and the lowest score respectively in the degree of influence on the security management of student sports events. Based on the results of the research, it is suggested that the categories extracted from this research should be taken into consideration in order to compile checklists for holding student competitions, emphasizing the prevention of accidents in student sports events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Identifying Factors Affecting Performance Evaluation in Bowling, Billiards and Bowls Federation
Rahim Janatnia Farideh Ashraf Ganjouei ali zarei Zahra Haji EnzohaeiThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the performance of the Bowling, ‎Billiards and Bowls Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research is of a mixed type ‎and was conducted in the field. The statistical population was fo MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the performance of the Bowling, ‎Billiards and Bowls Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research is of a mixed type ‎and was conducted in the field. The statistical population was formed by the experts and experts in ‎the field related to this federation, and 11 people were selected from the management ‎departments, judges' committee and experts for a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed ‎by confirmatory factor analysis and SPSS software. The findings showed that 5 sections and 10 ‎subgroups were identified, also the conditions in the factors related to the championship sports ‎section are very suitable and according to the criteria of sending to international competitions, it ‎is in the first place and access to international results is in the last place. . On the other hand, the ‎examination of the conditions in the financial survival sector showed its poor condition. The ‎results showed that there is a positive correlation between most of the performance evaluation ‎departments in this federation. According to the findings, the lack of satisfaction of customers and ‎employees was one of the obstacles to accurate performance evaluation. Therefore, it is suggested ‎to the managers of this federation to activate and facilitate the protest system by creating a guide ‎structure for clients and a system for evaluating client satisfaction‏.‏ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Evaluation and comparison of the design of private sports clubs’ websites in Iran based on two methods of WEB-QEM and WAI
Ali Korooki Mina Hakakzadeh Mohammad PourranjbarThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the design of private sports clubs’ websites in Iran based on two models of WEB-QEM and WAI. The statistical population of the present study included the websites of private sports clubs in Iran, which w MoreThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the design of private sports clubs’ websites in Iran based on two models of WEB-QEM and WAI. The statistical population of the present study included the websites of private sports clubs in Iran, which were 20 official websites that were searched by Google Map tool and the keyword “private sports club”. The research tool was two checklists of WEB-QEM model by Olsina and colleagues (1999) and checklist of WAI model by Marincas (2007) and offline and online analysis software’s. The results showed that the WEB-QEM method in evaluating the design of private sports clubs’ websites in Iran with an average of (0.1188) jointly showed 35% in an unfavorable situation and 35% also in a moderate situation and in the WAI method in evaluating the design of private sports clubs’ websites in Iran with an average of (8.54) jointly showed 35% in an unfavorable situation and 35% also in a moderate situation. The results indicate that the design of private sports clubs’ websites in Iran is not suitable and needs to be improved and upgraded in terms of infrastructure and optimization of website design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Examining the challenges facing the citizen sports of Kurdistan province and presenting the promotion model
mehdi ezati Yusuf Jalali Navid MahtabThe purpose of this study was to examine the challenges facing the citizen sports of Kurdistan province and to present a promotion model. The current research was qualitative and of thematic analysis type. The statistical community of this research was made up of expert MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the challenges facing the citizen sports of Kurdistan province and to present a promotion model. The current research was qualitative and of thematic analysis type. The statistical community of this research was made up of experts. Purposive sampling method was used for sampling and 17 experts were interviewed based on theoretical saturation. The findings of this study showed: the challenges of advancing citizen sports in Kurdistan province are the focus of a network of themes that include 3 overarching themes and 9 organizing themes (1) contextual challenges (undesirability of sports infrastructure, economic problems prevailing in the society, environmental threats), (2) structural challenges (non-integrated management of citizen sports, weak management and policy-making, weak index and codified statistical system, inappropriate urban governance) and (3) behavioral challenges (dominance of political views on sports, change in citizens' lifestyles). Also, the promotion of citizen sports in Kurdistan province is the center of a thematic network that includes 3 comprehensive themes and 8 organizing themes (1) contextual support (efficient and targeted incentives, increasing the quality and quantity of the province's sports infrastructure), (2) structural support (financial support, health-oriented : The focus of urban design is integration and unity of approach in citizenship sports and the establishment of a modern and codified statistical system) and (3) behavioral support (development of the general culture of sports and awareness of society and attention to citizenship sports in urban management) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Identify and explain the factors affecting perfectionism in managers, coaches and professional athletes of the country
tayebeh molazem Hossein Peymanizad Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh Ghandehari Hassan Fahim DavinThe purpose of this study was to identify and explain the factors affecting perfectionism in managers, coaches and professional athletes. The present study was applied in terms of nature and in terms of descriptive-exploratory analysis method and in survey method. The s MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and explain the factors affecting perfectionism in managers, coaches and professional athletes. The present study was applied in terms of nature and in terms of descriptive-exploratory analysis method and in survey method. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative section included all university experts in the field of organizational behavior and in the quantitative section included all athletes, coaches and managers of professional sports in the country. Questionnaire for observing the intensity of data analysis in the qualitative part was interviewed using the interview analysis method and in the quantitative part was used by the descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the help of SPSS software version 21 and AMOS. The results of Friedman test showed that according to the mean rankings, the variable of individual influential factors has the highest rank, and the environmental variable, interpersonal and organizational has the lowest rank among the variables. Findings showed that the model of factors affecting perfectionism in managers, coaches and professional athletes of the country had a favorable fit. The findings also showed that there is no significant difference between the perfectionism of managers, coaches and professional athletes in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - The effect of managers' quantum management skills on organizational agility of Ministry of Sports and Youth staff with the mediating role of organizational intelligence
Tayebeh Jame Bozorgi Majid Soleimani Gholamreza Shabani BaharThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of managers' quantum management skills on organizational agility with the mediating role of organizational intelligence in the Ministry of Sports and Youth using structural equation analysis. The statistical population MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of managers' quantum management skills on organizational agility with the mediating role of organizational intelligence in the Ministry of Sports and Youth using structural equation analysis. The statistical population of this study, including all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, in 1398, 279 people were selected as a statistical sample. The results showed that the quantum management skills of the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, both directly and indirectly, through the mediating variable of organizational intelligence can affect the ability of organizational agility. Accordingly, managers' quantum management skills are 0.70 on organizational agility and organizational intelligence is 0.21 on organizational agility. Also, the mediating role of organizational intelligence due to managers' quantum management skills on organizational agility was confirmed to be 0.15. Therefore, by using quantum skills in the organization and using organizational intelligence solutions, the country's sports managers can increase the competitiveness of the organization and differentiate it from other organizations. Or feel negative, which improves the agility of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Elderly Participation in intergenerational leisure-sports activities
Ali Mohammad Safania raha barahmandModern life along with digital transformation has created a deep gap between generations, especially the elderly age group. Isolation and withdrawal of the elderly in sports-leisure activities is a worrying phenomenon. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the pa MoreModern life along with digital transformation has created a deep gap between generations, especially the elderly age group. Isolation and withdrawal of the elderly in sports-leisure activities is a worrying phenomenon. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the participation of the elderly in active and intergenerational leisure activities. This study was a type of secondary studies and its implementation method is to review the best evidence. The sources included, articles and websites were valid. For the purpose of detailed study, the sources were examined in the period from 2014 to 2022. Intergenerational activities have many benefits for the elderly, including improving physical, mental, social and cognitive conditions in the target age group. Information technology and environmental indicators are also among the factors that cause more participation of elderly people in these activities. It is suggested to create an environment to improve the conditions of this age group by taking advantage of intergenerational activities in the active leisure of the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Investigating the role of ethical leadership as a new strategy for good governance in sports
Taha Razmara Mozhgan KhodamradpourThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the role of ethical leadership as a strategy in the implementation of good governance in sports organizations. In terms of practical purpose, the research was conducted in the category of descriptive-survey research MoreThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the role of ethical leadership as a strategy in the implementation of good governance in sports organizations. In terms of practical purpose, the research was conducted in the category of descriptive-survey research, and in terms of implementation, it was carried out in a field form. Data were collected using 2 versions of a standard questionnaire. The statistical population was estimated to be 121 members of the academic staff of the sports management department of the country's universities and general managers of the sports and youth departments of the country's provinces, and due to the small number of the statistical population, all 121 people were selected as a statistical sample in this research. For more certainty, the opinions of professors and other available experts were used. SPSS software was used for data processing. The output of the statistical test (One Sample T-Test) showed that there is a significant difference between the hypothetical average and the community average. The output of the linear regression coefficient (R2=.72) was reported to be significant and Friedman's test showed that the component of promoting values with a rank of 9.54 and an average of 19.3677 and capacity building with a rank of 9.54 and an average of 10.5031 are the most and least important in good governance in sports organizations. had. Based on the results of the research, it seems that top sports managers consider ethical leadership as a main asset in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Investigating factors affecting on satisfaction with the quality of urban recreational-sports facilities and its relationship with social vitality (case study: Tehran city)
payam mohammad panahi selseleh Mozafar Yektayar rahim ramezanineZhad mozhgan khodamoradpourThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the quality of recreational-sports facilities and its relationship with social vitality.The tools used in it are a researcher-made questionnaire of satisfaction with the quality of recreational-sports fac MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the quality of recreational-sports facilities and its relationship with social vitality.The tools used in it are a researcher-made questionnaire of satisfaction with the quality of recreational-sports facilities with reliability (r = 0.80) and the standard Oxford Happiness and Happiness Questionnaire with reliability(r=0.91).The statistical population of the research was made up of all those who referred to recreational and sports centers in 22 districts of Tehran city, who were selected as the sample of the research using the available sampling method using the KREJCIE and MORGAN table for the unknown population (n=384).To analyze the data, descriptive statistics methods (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics methods (one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient) were used. Research findings show that factors (welfare services, access, staff, physical design, physical space, and maintenance factor) are involved in satisfaction with the quality of recreational and sports facilities, on the other hand, there is a correlation between satisfaction with the quality of recreational and sports facilities and social vitality (r= 0.907), according to the results, 81.3% of the variance of the dependent variable (social vitality) is predicted by the independent variable (satisfaction with the quality of recreational-sports facilities).it can be said that in order to maintain and develop satisfaction with the quality of recreational and sports facilities and highlight the role of these centers in increasing physical activity and the health and vitality of the community, officials should plan and take action to improve the identified causes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - The relationship between Organizational learning with Psychological Empowerment through Information Technology in the staff of Fars General Directorate of Sports and Youth
syedeg mahbeobeh taghavinjad omid safari afshin rostamiThe aim of this research was the Relationship Between Organizational Learning with Psychological Empowerment in Staff of Fars's Sports and Youth Department. The research statistical population includes the staff of Sports and Youth Department of Fars and the number was MoreThe aim of this research was the Relationship Between Organizational Learning with Psychological Empowerment in Staff of Fars's Sports and Youth Department. The research statistical population includes the staff of Sports and Youth Department of Fars and the number was 114 individuals. From 114 individuals, 81 individuals were chosen as the sample. Data collection was conducted by the use of standard questionnaires of Organizational Learning(Nefe, 2001) and psychological empowerment (Spreitzer, 1995). Descriptive statistics were used for data description and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used for inferential analysis. Results showed that Organizational Learning had not a positive and significant relation with psychological empowerments of examinees. Also , results showed that Organizational Learning had not the ability to predict the examinees’ psychological empowerments. Also , results showed that Organizational Learning had not the ability to predict the examinees’ psychological empowerments. Also , results showed that Organizational Learning had not the ability to predict the examinees’ psychological empowerments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Investigating the Factors Affecting the Sustainability of the Economics Governing Students' Sport Olympiads
Mahnaz Davarniya Sedigheh Khadigehaflaton Ayob Ameri Ebrahim DeldarThe present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the stability of the economy governing student sports olympiads. The statistical population of this research was made up of all university experts and professors in the field of sport MoreThe present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the stability of the economy governing student sports olympiads. The statistical population of this research was made up of all university experts and professors in the field of sports management who had sufficient expertise in the field of university sports. The number of 14 people was determined as a research sample based on purposeful selection. The instrument of the present research was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were checked and confirmed. In the present research, in order to design the conceptual framework of the research, the three-pronged theory was used. In order to check the findings of the research, the Electra method was used. The results of this research showed that the outsourcing of the marketing services of student sports olympiads is the most important factor affecting the stability of the economy governing student sports olympiads with the dominance of 13. The results of this test also showed that the creation of government subsidies to the host universities of the Olympiad is the least important factor affecting the stability of the economy governing the sports Olympiads of students. The results of the present research indicated that for the economy governing student sports olympiads, it is necessary to outsource some marketing activities related to these events to prominent organizations and companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Money laundering in sport is evidence of hidden corruption; the need to provide solutions to prevent it
Taha Razmara Nariman Fakheri Ramin Poursaid PoursaidOne of the most important examples of corruption; Money laundering is a criminal phenomenon. And the field of sports because of the desire of people to play a role, popularity, public interest and investment in it; It is a good breeding ground for the spread of this hid MoreOne of the most important examples of corruption; Money laundering is a criminal phenomenon. And the field of sports because of the desire of people to play a role, popularity, public interest and investment in it; It is a good breeding ground for the spread of this hidden corruption (money laundering). The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-correlational nature which was performed by field method. Data were collected using a version of a semi-standard questionnaire whose face validity and content were determined by experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the study consisted of official experts in the field of sports and members of the National Sports Law Association. 160 samples were selected by simple random sampling. Software packages (SPSS) and (Excel) were used to process and analyze the data. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between all independent and dependent components. Also, using the Friedman ranking test, the dimension (customer suspicious transaction report) with the rank (4.85) and the average (19.98) and the dimension (training of employees of sports organizations) with the rank (1.23) and the average (6.413), respectively, have the most and the least effect. (Importance) in preventing the crime of money laundering. Therefore, it seems that a combination of all the variables used is appropriate to prevent money laundering in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Designing and Explaining Multicultural Management Model in Schools Sports
Atefeh Atefeh Zeynalabedin Fallah Amir Montazeri Taher BahlakehThe purpose of this research was to design and explain the model of multicultural management in school sports. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was made up of all the physical education teachers of the countr MoreThe purpose of this research was to design and explain the model of multicultural management in school sports. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was made up of all the physical education teachers of the country (N=34000). The statistical sample was estimated to be 332 people using the Karjesi and Morgan table (n=332). The data needed to identify the components and analyze the measurement model were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, after obtaining validity (face, content and structure) and validation. Cronbach's alpha method (α=0.91) was used to calculate the reliability of the instrument, and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were used to analyze the data. Examining and testing the structural equation model of the research showed that the general fit indicators are in a suitable and desirable condition. As the changes in the antecedents of the multicultural management of sports schools have a positive and significant effect on the management processes of sports schools. Also, multicultural management processes have a positive and significant effect on the consequences of multicultural management. In addition, the indirect effect of multicultural management antecedents on multicultural management messages was significant, and in this regard, multicultural management processes played a mediating role. Therefore, educational planning officials should pay more attention to multicultural schools in macro plans and policies. In order to empower and require human resources to develop multicultural management skills, pay more attention to in-service training and include multicultural concepts in the planning of new teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - E-commerce model design in sports services marketing
mohammadhosin nafar shiva azadfada Ali Mohammad Safania elahe haidaryanThe purpose of this study was to design an e-commerce model in the marketing of sports services using data theory. The research method is qualitative and exploratory. Statistical population included university professors and experts. Degrees and academic backgrounds rel MoreThe purpose of this study was to design an e-commerce model in the marketing of sports services using data theory. The research method is qualitative and exploratory. Statistical population included university professors and experts. Degrees and academic backgrounds related to the subject, having management positions and executive experience in the field of e-commerce were among the criteria for selecting the top list of experts. The sampling method was non-probability sampling with purposeful selection with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size in this study was 17 persons based on theoretical saturation index. The interview instrument was open-ended and analyzed based on three stages of open coding, axial and selective coding. Based on the data analysis, 84 primary concepts, 20 main categories and 5 core concepts were identified. Then, five theoretical theories were proposed based on the paradigm model of the Foundation Data Theory for e-commerce modeling in sport service marketing. From these results it can be deduced that the design of the e-commerce model is not accomplished in the marketing of sporting services by chance but is a purposeful process that is rooted in many features and modes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - The model of factors causing organizational anomie in Iran's general sports and youth departments
Ali Aghazadeh Seyad Ehsan Amirhosseini vali nowzariObjective: This research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of the factors that cause organizational anomie in the sports and youth departments of Iran. The approach of this research is based on qualitative methodology and data collection was done through d MoreObjective: This research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of the factors that cause organizational anomie in the sports and youth departments of Iran. The approach of this research is based on qualitative methodology and data collection was done through deep semi-structured interviews and their analysis was done based on thematic analysis.Methodology: The method of descriptive research and data collection was in the field. The data of the qualitative phase of the review of 21 related articles, two documents and semi structured in-depth interviews with 15 experts in organizational management and sports were obtained and coded using the purposeful sampling method and the principle of theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, the statistical population including all managers and employees of Iran's Sports and Youth Department was equal to 2236 people, who were first selected randomly by stratification and then using the available random dust sampling method and based on the Karjesi and Morgan table, 328 people were selected.The tool for collecting data in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire.The validity of the measurement tool was confirmed in the form of content and construct validity.Conclusion: Managers' focus on the obtained themes and efforts to eliminate anomalies, conflicting goals, conflicts, and measured management measures that lead to satisfaction and improved performance will reduce anomalies and anomie.Findings: As a result of data analysis and extraction, there were142basic themes, 36 organizing themes and comprehensive themes including internal organizational factors, institutional factors, managerial factors, environmental factors and norms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Presenting a model for institutionalizing gender equality in Iranian sports
teimoor soleimanbeigi jamshid hemati navid mahtabThe purpose of this study was to present a model for institutionalizing gender equality in Iranian sports. This research was a methodological method in terms of qualitative methodology and data theory. The statistical population of this study consists of experts in the MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model for institutionalizing gender equality in Iranian sports. This research was a methodological method in terms of qualitative methodology and data theory. The statistical population of this study consists of experts in the field of women's sports management. For sampling, purposive sampling method was used and sampling was continued until reaching theoretical saturation and based on this, 16 interviews were conducted. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information and three overlapping processes of open coding, axial coding and theoretical coding were used to analyze the data. By matching the text of all interviews in the open coding stage, 213 concepts or initial codes were identified, which were reduced to 83 codes after code aggregation. Then, in the axial coding stage, according to the semantic similarity of the identified concepts, 21 subsets were formed and classified into causal, contextual, interventionist, strategies and consequences. Based on the research results, it was found that the institutionalization of gender equality is not a one-dimensional issue and equality as a product is a function of various institutions that should be considered by the relevant stakeholders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Identifying the antecedent elements of job satisfaction among the employees of sports and youth departments in the country with a meta-analysis approach
Arman Allahveisi Rasool Moradi hezari behzad izadiThe current research was conducted with the meta-analysis method and with the aim of integrating the researches of the factors affecting the job satisfaction of the employees of the sports and youth departments of the country. The statistical population of this research MoreThe current research was conducted with the meta-analysis method and with the aim of integrating the researches of the factors affecting the job satisfaction of the employees of the sports and youth departments of the country. The statistical population of this research is made up of existing researches that have been accessible in the form of articles in all text databases and university libraries between 2011 and 2022. These studies were selected purposefully and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and sensitivity analysis, 32 effect sizes from 15 studies were examined. Based on CMA2 software the results of the combined effect size were obtained for the random effects model (0.32) and for the fixed effects model (0.26). Also, the highest significant effect size was equal to 0.72 related to the internal marketing variable and the lowest significant effect size was equal to 0.11 related to the leadership style variable. According to the findings obtained in this meta-analysis, it is suggested to strengthen the mentioned variables, especially internal marketing, human resources growth, reward system, appropriate moral atmosphere in programs to strengthen job satisfaction among sports and youth departments of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Identification and prioritization of integrated management indicators in Iran's sports tourism industry
Taraneh Karimi Ali Mohammad Safania Rahim Sarvar Salaheddin NaghshbandiSports tourism in Iran is facing many challenges.In spite of the efforts to remove the obstacles and identify the capacities of this field of tourism in the country,there is still a long way to its effectiveness.What is needed is an integrated management approach toward MoreSports tourism in Iran is facing many challenges.In spite of the efforts to remove the obstacles and identify the capacities of this field of tourism in the country,there is still a long way to its effectiveness.What is needed is an integrated management approach towards the development of this industry.The current research is of a mixed type(qualitative-quantitative)with an exploratory approach.In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and20experts in the fields of tourism,sports management,and geography were selected through snowball sampling.Also,data analysis in this section was carried out by borrowing from the foundational data theory and approach.Glazer took place.In the quantitative part,the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire from the first part,the validity of which was determined according to the opinions of the professors and the reliabilitywas determined based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient.Based on the three-stage coding,the findings show24variables in8main factors:political-programmatic,duty,managerial,legal.Institutional, structural,tools and resources were thebeneficiaries.Identification of the effective factors of the research was done through one-sample statistical tests, prioritization of indicators was done with the help of theAHPpaired questionnaire.Statistical analyzes were carried out usingSPSand Expert Choice software.The results of the present study indicated the multiplicityof decision-making centersin sports tourism,by removing legal gaps, analyzing the shortcomings of laws and efforts to create new legislative capacities,as well as the allocation of duties in the field of tourism.Sports,together with Iran's rich culture and specialized budgeting,it is possible to explain and compile comprehensive policies and programs to gain synergy,and finally,the main form of integrated management in this field can be planned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Factors affecting the acceptance and use of electronic commerce among the members of the faculty of physical education and sports sciences
sardar mohammadi Reza ShafeiRecent advances in information and communication technology have followed a new wave of public acceptance to use this new advantage. E-commerce is considered one of these new benefits in line with the expansion of virtual businesses. In this regard, universities always MoreRecent advances in information and communication technology have followed a new wave of public acceptance to use this new advantage. E-commerce is considered one of these new benefits in line with the expansion of virtual businesses. In this regard, universities always play an important role in the development of electronic commerce as the origin of production and helping to accept technology. The present study investigated the factors affecting the acceptance and use of electronic commerce among the members of the faculty of physical education and sports sciences in the country. The statistical population included all the members of the scientific faculty of physical education and sports sciences in the number of 150 people based on Cochran's sampling method. The measurement tool included a researcher-made questionnaire of acceptance and use of electronic commerce and personal and environmental factors questionnaires from Lee and Azizi and Haj Karimi . According to experts, confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm construct validity, Cronbach's alpha was used for their reliability, and structural equation model was used to test hypotheses. The findings showed that among individual factors, direct experience, perceived risk, and perceived benefit have the greatest effect on the level of acceptance, and direct experience, expected risk, and knowledge have the greatest effect on the level of use of electronic commerce by the members of the education faculty. He has physical and sports sciences. It seems that the main reason for the lack of acceptance of internet transactions in Iran has its roots in personal Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - The mediating role of the job link variable in relation to organizational resilience and the performance of sports department employees in Tehran
elahe shokriThe present study was conducted with aim of determining mediating role of the occupational bond in the relationship between organizational resilience and the performance of employees of sports departments in Tehran. Research method is applied according to purpose and de MoreThe present study was conducted with aim of determining mediating role of the occupational bond in the relationship between organizational resilience and the performance of employees of sports departments in Tehran. Research method is applied according to purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. Data collection was done in the field. The statistical population of the research included 1000 employees of sports departments in Tehran. The size of the statistical sample was estimated to be 274 people based on Morgan's table, and according to the statistical population, stratified random sampling was done from among the employees and managers in order to homogenize the groups. In order to study and investigate the objectives of this research, the standard questionnaires of Karimi's organizational resilience (2013), Amiri's organizational performance (2013) and Seyed Ali's job relationship (2013) were used. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the supervisors, advisors and 10 experts (physical education and sports science professors). The reliability of the questionnaires was also confirmed Cronbach's alpha coefficient of more than 0.7.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and structural equations were used to test the research hypotheses. SPSS software and SmartPLS software were used in this research. The results showed that the components of organizational resilience and job connection had the ability to predict organizational performance in the employees of these departments, and also, job connection is a significant mediator in relationship between resilience and organizational performance of employees of sports departments in Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Analyzing factors affecting the improvement of coalition building in sports
, Mohammad keshavarz Younes Mohammadzadeh , Hosein Dast barhagh Mohammad Sadegh AfroozehThe present research is one of applied research. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative section includes elites and sports managers. The sampling method in the qualitative part was purposeful. For this purpose, 18 elites and experts were selected MoreThe present research is one of applied research. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative section includes elites and sports managers. The sampling method in the qualitative part was purposeful. For this purpose, 18 elites and experts were selected as research samples in the qualitative section. Also, in the quantitative part of this research, in addition to elites and knowledgeable people in the field of organizational behavior, sports managers of the country were also added to the statistical population. And due to the fact that exact statistics were not available to the researcher, the number of these people was determined to be 384. The results of the qualitative part revealed that the variables affecting coalition building in sports include transparency of principles, clear and common vision, creation of sports campaigns, elite decision-making, sports development survey, localization and localization, structuring and indexing. The results of the model show that there is a correlation between the components of coalition building, the highest correlation is related to a clear and common vision and the transparency of principles with a coefficient of 0.822 and the lowest correlation is between surveying the development of sports and training and localism with a coefficient of 0.601. be Also, the results of the model show that the components of structuring and indexing have the greatest effect on coalition building in sports with a value of 0.71, and the creation of sports campaigns has the lowest effect on coalition building in sports with a value of 0.51. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Measuring the impact of competitive advantage in sports and youth
Parvin Mohammadi Pakravan Majid Soleimani Gholamreza Shabani BaharThe purpose of this research was to investigate and analyze the competitive advantage in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature, using structural equation modeling, which was carried out by s MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate and analyze the competitive advantage in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature, using structural equation modeling, which was carried out by survey method. The statistical sample of this research consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N=965). 286 employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth using the accessible sampling method of organizational culture scales by Denison (2000), social capital Nahapit and Ghoshal (1999), knowledge management by Hemti (2009), organizational learning by Gomes et al. (2005), innovation James et al.'s (2008) organizational and Hill and Jones (2010) competitive advantage. The content validity of the measurement tool was evaluated and confirmed using the opinion of sports management experts (7 people), reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.78) and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis. SPSS and PLS software were used to check and analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that organizational culture and social capital have a positive and significant effect on knowledge management. Examining the proposed research model also had a favorable fit (GOF=0.56) in the target society. The general result of the research showed that the current model can be used as a benchmark for the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, so that they can gain a competitive advantage over other organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Factors affecting perfectionism in the field of professional sports in the country
Tayebeh Molazem Hossein Peymanizad Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh Ghandehari Hassan Fahim DovinAbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the factors influencing perfectionism in the field ofprofessional sports in the country. It was applied in terms of its nature and descriptive-exploratory analysis method in the survey method. Sampling was availabl MoreAbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the factors influencing perfectionism in the field ofprofessional sports in the country. It was applied in terms of its nature and descriptive-exploratory analysis method in the survey method. Sampling was available in a targeted manner in the qualitativesection, and 10 experienced university professors were interviewed and it led to information saturation. The statistical sample in the quantitative section was determined by using Morgan's table of358 people. Data collection was done in the qualitative part by using qualitative interviews with elites and in the quantitative part by using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 34 questions in 4dimensions and a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis in the qualitative part using the interview analysis method and in the quantitative part using descriptive and inferential statistics methods and with the help of SPSS version 21 and AMOS software, it was examined and analyzed between the amount of positive andnegative perfectionism in professional athletes of different disciplines. There is a significant difference in the study. The results of the Friedman test showed that according to the average ratings, the variable of individual effective factors has the highest rating and the environmental, interpersonal andorganizational variables has the lowest rating among the variables. The findings showed that the model of perfectionism factors in managers, coaches and professional athletes of the country has Thefitwas favorable and the findings showed that there is no significant difference between the level ofperfectionism of managers, coaches and professional athletes in the country Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Interpretive structural modeling of components of athlete Endorsement
Kaveh Mirani Farshad Tojari Negar ArazeshOne of the most important ways that sports products and services can be introduced to consumers is promotion.Therefore, the aim of this study was to interpret the structural modeling of the components of athlete Endorsement The research method was mixed(qualitative-quan MoreOne of the most important ways that sports products and services can be introduced to consumers is promotion.Therefore, the aim of this study was to interpret the structural modeling of the components of athlete Endorsement The research method was mixed(qualitative-quantitative) and applied in terms of purpose First, the indicators and components of athletes'Endorsement are identified based on literature study and content analysis and comparative related research and interviews with experts and specialists, and then using the methodology of modern structural-interpretive modeling(ISM) analysis of the relationships between indicators. And athletes Endorsement components were determined and analyzed in an integrated manner;Finally, using MICMAC analysis, the type of variables was determined according to the effect on other variables. The results of the analysis showed that the personality type component of effective role, trustworthiness component, influential role and lovely personality components, having the desired grooming, communication ability,ability of appropriate personal characteristics, having the necessary acceptability, responsibility, professional honesty, Attitude, motivation and empathy play both effective and influential roles.In explaining these results, it can be said that Endorsement depends more on the component of personality type.The influential component of personality type is the most critical component, because Endorsement changes depend on the personality type component;Therefore, the amount of control over this variable is very important.On the other hand, this variable is the system input variables. According to the results, it is suggested that companies, organizations use celebrities in the discussion of sports certifiers who have a high personality type to be more effective in Endorsement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Identification and prioritization of updated social crimes in sports spaces and places of the country using AHP and TOPSIS methods
Habib Akbari Noodeh Davood Dadashnejad Delshad Morteza BaratiThe purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize common social crimes in sports spaces and places in the country. This research is of an applied type, which was conducted by a survey method and using a panel of experts (45 people). Two hierarchical methods (AH MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize common social crimes in sports spaces and places in the country. This research is of an applied type, which was conducted by a survey method and using a panel of experts (45 people). Two hierarchical methods (AHP) and TOPSIS were used for prioritization. Spearman's rank test was also used. The results show that twelve social crimes are common in sports environments, which are classified into two light and heavy categories. The weight of light crimes has been estimated higher than serious crimes, which indicates the possibility of more occurrence of this type of crimes (0.456 vs. 0.388). 3 items are the same in both AHP and TOPSIS methods. In this way, the crime of "not paying attention to the regulations established in the sports environment" has the highest rate in sports spaces and places, and the crime of "conflict leading to murder in the sports environment" has the lowest rate of occurrence in sports environments. . According to the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient obtained for light and heavy crimes (95.3% and 88.2%, respectively), it is clear that there is a high correlation between the two methods used both in general and in detail. This shows the high degree of coordination between the results obtained from the two methods used for prioritization in this research. In general, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Sociological explanation of the banking industry on the development of the sports industry
reza sadeghpour mohammad reza esmaeili tayyebe zargarThe present study aims to identify and understand the sociological phenomenon of the banking industry on the development of the sports industry with a qualitative approach based on the method of basic theory and attempts a paradigm model of the banking industry concept MoreThe present study aims to identify and understand the sociological phenomenon of the banking industry on the development of the sports industry with a qualitative approach based on the method of basic theory and attempts a paradigm model of the banking industry concept on the development of the sports industry based on mental perceptions and interpretations of actors. To present this concept in the sports and banking community. Participants in this study are 31 bank managers, sports experts who have been selected in person and voluntarily using theoretical and judgmental sampling methods. Using open and semi-structured interviews, research data have been collected based on the three axes of question (what and why and how). A set of primary themes were collected during the open coding process and categories were extracted from their ventricles. Then, in the axial coding stage, the link between the categories under the headings of causal condition, axial phenomenon, strategic category, contextual condition, mediator category and consequence category was set in the form of Corbin Strauss paradigm model. The research results were divided into 7 main categories and 39 subcategories and in the stage of selective coding, the components of the coding paradigm were explained, and the theory was created. The findings showed that whenever the economy and sports interacted with each other with the help of media expansion, the so-called commercialization of sports took a new form; this interaction has mutual benefits for the institution of sports and economy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Identifying Factors Affecting Strategic Agility based on the Sustainability of Sports Businesses in the Conditions of the Corona Pandemic
Reza Moghadam Farshad Emami Mohammad Sanaei Saeid AmirnejadThe present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the effective factors of strategic agility based on business sustainability in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic for sports businesses. This research is an exploratory study in terms of its objective, in MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the effective factors of strategic agility based on business sustainability in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic for sports businesses. This research is an exploratory study in terms of its objective, in which after reviewing the theoretical literature, a qualitative study was conducted using a systematic theoretical framework. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information, and data analysis was performed using the Strauss and Corbin method and the paradigm model. The statistical population of the study included individuals with management experience at various levels of the country's sports, economists familiar with sports issues, sports management professors at universities, doctoral students in marketing and sports management, and experts and stakeholders in the sports economy. Fifteen people were selected for interviews using non-probability sampling and targeted theoretical and snowball sampling techniques. Open, axial, and selective coding were used for data analysis. The findings showed 142 primary conceptual propositions with 10 concepts and 6 dimensions of the paradigm model, including causal conditions (2 concepts), the main phenomenon (factors affecting strategic agility), strategy (3 concepts), contextual features (2 concepts), intervention conditions (3 concepts), and outcome (2 concepts). As a result, developing solutions based on these factors can help strengthen the stability and more successful performance of these businesses in the conditions of the Corona pandemic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Sports washing as a soft power to consolidate the political governance of sports
Taha Razmara Mozafar Yektayar Saeed AbdiSports washing is a new word in the form of soft power that appears in both authoritarian and democratic political environments and can play a dual role at the domestic and international levels. The present study was a conceptual analysis and the achievement of effectiv MoreSports washing is a new word in the form of soft power that appears in both authoritarian and democratic political environments and can play a dual role at the domestic and international levels. The present study was a conceptual analysis and the achievement of effective and key results of the dual role of sports washing in the domestic and international level in order to strengthen the political sovereignty of governments in this area. The present study was a conceptual analysis and the achievement of effective and key results of the dual role of sports washing in the domestic and international level in order to strengthen the political sovereignty of governments in this area.The sources of the present study were based on the articles of reliable international publications and reliable internet portals. The findings showed that sports washing in the form of soft power requires trust, international transparency and compliance with the Charter of Human Rights in order to achieve the desired goals of political governance. It is suggested that in order to prevent and control the negative approach of the phenomenon of Sports washing, individuals, governments and organizations that are involved in the phenomenon of Sports washing show resistance to the normalization of moral violations in sports, do not participate in Sports washing activities or how Change your participation. It is also necessary to carry out special supervision by international sports governing bodies on the activities of governments and individuals who are involved in Sports washing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Designing an interpretive structural model of organizational strategies to reduce the anti-productive behaviors of the employees of sports boards
Zainab Badeli , Asra Askari Amin Rashid Lamir Zayalabedi, Falah Taher BehlekehThe purpose of this research was to design an interpretative structural model of strategies to reduce the anti-productive behaviors of the employees of sports boards.The current research is of mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). In the first stage, a qualitative MoreThe purpose of this research was to design an interpretative structural model of strategies to reduce the anti-productive behaviors of the employees of sports boards.The current research is of mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). In the first stage, a qualitative research method was performed using thematic analysis, and in the second stage, a quantitative method based on interpretive structural modeling was performed. The statistical population in both qualitative and quantitative sections, due to the expert-centeredness of the interpretive structural modeling approach, formed experts, including prominent professors in the field of sports management specializing in the field of organizational behavior, as well as some managers of Golestan province sports boards who have doctoral education. Were, include; these people were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews in the research topic (16 interviews with 16 people and continued until theoretical saturation).The measurement tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the data were confirmed.Two methods of thematic analysis (Max QDI software) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) (Excel software) were used to analyze the data. 7 main themes of strategies to reduce anti-productive behaviors of sports board employees have been identified. Planning, monitoring and evaluation and management are in the independent cluster, that is, it has a great influence on other factors, and other factors have little influence on it. Recruitment, organizational support, and job duties are in the dependent cluster, that is, they are affected by other factors and on other factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Identifying and validating effective strategies on creating capacities and political bases in sports
sayed hosain sgha sayed morteza Tayebeh Zargar BAHRAM GHADIMI Akbar Afarinesh khakiThe purpose of the current research was to identify and validate effective strategies for creating capacities and political bases in sports. The research method was mixed in terms of data collection, which was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical community in the q MoreThe purpose of the current research was to identify and validate effective strategies for creating capacities and political bases in sports. The research method was mixed in terms of data collection, which was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical community in the qualitative section included the statistical community in the qualitative section included sports management experts, experts from the Ministry of Sports and the National Olympic Committee. Field of study and having scientific publications related to the subject, having managerial positions and executive experience in sports politics and diplomacy, having managerial positions and executive experience in the field of sports were among the selection indicators for the initial list of experts. In the quantitative section, there were managers and experts of the Ministry and Sports and Youth Departments, whose number included 360 people. The research tool included semi-structured interviews and a structured researcher questionnaire, which was designed according to the codes extracted in the qualitative part. Qualitative part analysis was done with Maxqda software, and quantitative part analysis was done with AMOS structural equation model software. The relevant results have been given to effective strategies on creating capacities and political platforms in sports, which include 5 concepts and 18 final codes that have been identified and approved. The results of this research showed that research strategies included investing in the promotion of soft power, training human resources, developing a strategic plan, and using all capacities. Finally, the results of the model were also confirmed in terms of validation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Analysis of factors affecting the commercialization of private clubs in Iran
Mehdi Mohammadian Moghadam Rasool Nazari Mehdi SalimiThe current research was conducted with an in-depth study of the factors affecting the commercialization of private clubs in Iran. The current research is of a mixed type, in which the qualitative method is used to collect the variables in the real context through inter MoreThe current research was conducted with an in-depth study of the factors affecting the commercialization of private clubs in Iran. The current research is of a mixed type, in which the qualitative method is used to collect the variables in the real context through interviews, and then the required analyzes were done using the quantitative method. At the qualitative level, the grounded theory approach was used, and at the quantitative level, the analyzes were performed with the structural equation modeling method. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative part of the research included all employees, managers and shareholders of private sports clubs in Iran. The research tools included semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, coding and structural equation method were used. Data analysis was done in SPSS and PLS software. The results of the qualitative part of the research are 15 components under the title of organizational attitudes, technical aspects, budgeting, financial support, value issues, human aspects, scientific procedures, professional behaviors, customer orientation, organizational structure, outsourcing, information aspects. , interdepartmental cooperation, media activities and fair distribution were identified. According to the results, the main categories in 3 sections of approaches, processes and results were identified. In general, commercialization in privatization clubs requires creating a suitable environment. Creating such an environment requires macroeconomic reforms, improving the legal and legal framework, strengthening the financial system, removing obstacles to competition, deregulation of the goods and services market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Analysis of the effective factors in the development of sports activities based on land use with a future research approach
Hossein Shahsavar Ali Fahiminezhad Bagher Morsal mojdeh khajooThe aim of the research is to analyze the effective factors in the development of sports activities based on the principles of land use and with a future research approach. For this purpose, the city of Tehran was chosen as the pilot project. In the input phase, PESTEL MoreThe aim of the research is to analyze the effective factors in the development of sports activities based on the principles of land use and with a future research approach. For this purpose, the city of Tehran was chosen as the pilot project. In the input phase, PESTEL analysis was used for environmental scanning, and in the analysis phase, the global business model was used. For data analysis, 23 experts and Delphi method were used. After the theoretical saturation and confirmation (98%) of the experts, the questionnaire was distributed among them to measure the variables based on the degree of influence and effectiveness; then the data was entered into MicMac software and one 18x18 matrix was formed. The results showed that the matrix filling index is 96.197%, which indicates the high influence of the identified factors on each other. The variables were divided into 4 types based on the placement type; and the variables "Investment in sports", "Community income level", "Government financial aid" and "Education and promotion of sports culture"were the most influential in the studied system. Also, 6 variables "unemployment rate",distribution and distribution of sports spaces and venues","per capita and infrastructures","cultivation and heroism","interest and support of local communities" and "performance in international arenas" have more impact than effectiveness. And are the driving variables of the system. The "climate and geography" variable has the least role in direct and indirect effects. According to the results, the status of sports activities in Tehran is somewhat "unstable" based on the environmental approach, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Civil liability arising from the violation of sports contracts in the laws of Iran and England with a look at Islamic jurisprudence
Abdollah Doulah Mahdi Firozabadian Gholamreza YazdaniThe purpose of this research is the comparative study of civil liability resulting from the violation of sports contracts in the laws of Iran and England with a view on Islamic jurisprudence. The research method is descriptive-analytical and taken from library sources. MoreThe purpose of this research is the comparative study of civil liability resulting from the violation of sports contracts in the laws of Iran and England with a view on Islamic jurisprudence. The research method is descriptive-analytical and taken from library sources. In response to the question, what is the civil liability resulting from the violation of sports contracts in Iranian and English law with an approach to Islamic jurisprudence? It was found that athletes in sports clubs, like other legal entities, have rights and obligations, and failure to fulfill these rights and obligations - either contractual or legal - may cause the clubs to be held civilly or legally liable, depending on the case. The legal relationship of the sports clubs with the athletes and coaches is based on the employer-employee relationship and is subject to the labor law, except in special cases such as the regulations and circulars of the relevant federations. Clubs are vicariously responsible for damages caused by athletes and coaches to third parties, including opposing athletes and spectators. The basis of civil liability of sports clubs in Iran's legal system and Islamic jurisprudence and European countries is based on the assumption of fault. The most important duty of sports clubs is to comply with the club's safety obligations, which non-compliance leads to civil or police liability of the respective club. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Presenting a Model of Factors Affecting the Attraction and Retention of Sponsors and Financial Managers
Sara Ghasemi Hassan Fahim Davin Mohammad Reza Esmailzadeh Ghandehari Hossein Peymanizad -
Open Access Article
371 - The Effect of Self-Esteem on Jealousy and Organizational Anti-Citizenship Behavior (Case Study: Sports and Youth Offices of Western Provinces)
Sirvan Hosseini Bahram Yousefi Shahab Bahrami -
Open Access Article
372 - Investigating the Sports Health Marketing Strategic Plan in the Handball Federation based on the SWOT Model
Mohammad Eskandari Nematullah Nemati Tahereh Bagherpour -
Open Access Article
373 - Providing a Branding Model for a Selection of Sports Products
Marjan Mirjalili Zahra Hajianzehae Ali Zarei Farideh Ashraf GanjoueiDespite the high capacity of sport products market and the considerable productive potential in Iran, activists have not achieved much success in this field. One of the main challenges of this industry is the weakness in branding and marketing products because there is MoreDespite the high capacity of sport products market and the considerable productive potential in Iran, activists have not achieved much success in this field. One of the main challenges of this industry is the weakness in branding and marketing products because there is no capital more efficient than a powerful name. In the first phase of this research, the indexes of several articles focusing on branding were obtained in authentic sources, and then the index extraction was completed through semi-structured interviews with branding and sports products experts. In the second phase, in order to investigate the appropriateness of the extracted indicators with the local conditions of the country and the field of Irani an sports brands, The Fuzzy Delphi method was used and a questionnaire was given to academic and industry experts to determine that the indicators are appropriate to the field. In the third phase, using the data-based method, a paradigm model for branding sports products was developed. This model has been evaluated by the structural equation modeling method with PLS approach. The data analysis revealed that the final model comprised a set of phenomenon-based indicators, intervening factors in branding, causal and influential factors, contextual factors, strategies and the consequences. In this study, several categories were achieved in the branding of sports products field, to which paying attention will culminate in the ultimate goal of branding Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Proposing a New Method to Optimize the Routing in the Distribution of Vendors' Goods Using the Internet of Things (IoT)
Mohammad Sadegh Jahan -
Open Access Article
375 - Electronic Transport and Electrical Conductivity of charge carriers in p-type GaAs monocrystals in the wide temperature range (100-400) K
hassan khaleghiGallium arsenide is a compound of the elements gallium and arsenic. It is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure. GaAs is used in the manufacture of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integra MoreGallium arsenide is a compound of the elements gallium and arsenic. It is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure. GaAs is used in the manufacture of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, solar cells and optical windows. From this view point, study of the electronic properties of GaAs single crystals is of prime importance. In this experimental work, electrical conductivity of two kinds of p-type GaAs samples each doped with Cr and Fe have been studied in the wide temperature range (100-400) K. Apart from temperature dependency of mobility of charge carriers also different predominant scattering mechanisms occurring in these crystals have been given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Locating and zoning suitable sites for the development of sports tourism in Shahrood city with a sustainable development approach
Ali Towfigh Khatab Ali Fahiminejad Seyed Mostafa Tayebi Sani Hooman BahmanpourThis research attempts to select the suitable areas for tourism development using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and Ecological capability evaluation. It regulates the relationship between socio-economic impacts and land use changes to monitor the sustainable dev MoreThis research attempts to select the suitable areas for tourism development using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and Ecological capability evaluation. It regulates the relationship between socio-economic impacts and land use changes to monitor the sustainable development and determines the potential or types of use that land can naturally have. In this research, in order to identify the environmental potential of Shahrood County for tourism, GIS as the best suitable technique for land evaluation and site feasibility was used along with Index Overlaying (IO). Thus by identifying the ecological resources of the region, in a scale of 1:250000, map layer information was dispatched to the ArcGIS to overlay. This research was done in 6 stages. After preparing the slope, aspect and elevation layers, they were overlaid in ArcGIS and the landform layer was produced. Then, the overlaying of landform, land use, soil, vegetation and wildlife layers resulted in the final environmental units. After that, the ecological models of extensive and intensive tourism in Iran were used for comparison and analysis. According to the results, the study area has high potential for tourism. The suitable area for intensive outdoor recreation encompassed 68.8% of the area associated with class 1 and 19.1% with class 2; and extensive outdoor recreation included 93.2% class 1 and 5.3% class 2. In addition to this, 13.6% of study area was allocated to conservation because no part of this area is suitable for tourism activities. In the end, appropriate activities for each zone are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Graph and its application in GIS
samaneh bahramianOne of the most important applications of spatial information systems is in the field of transportation management. In this regard,Today, the use of information and communication technologies has presented a powerful option for transportation management to experts. Thes MoreOne of the most important applications of spatial information systems is in the field of transportation management. In this regard,Today, the use of information and communication technologies has presented a powerful option for transportation management to experts. These solutions are now being used as a core component of transportation systems operations around the world. On the other hand, today's life involves a large amount of movement and mobility, which is done through cars, ships, rail vehicles and airplanes, and so on. Spatial information systems in the field network analysis capabilities in spatial information systems, including the calculation of the shortest path, can be useful. Graphs and their theories play an important role in GIS network analysis. To solve some problems of the graph or to simplify the analysis in the graph, changes can be made to its structure. Graph simulations show that the mobility of the system depends to a large extent on the transport network topology. In general, a planned network can accommodate more vehicles, and its overall mobility is much greater than a self-organized growing network. In this article, while introducing graph capabilities in problem solving, several different applications in finding the shortest path in transportation problems will be discussed.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Investigating the effects of sports tourism on sustainable urban development Using Geographic Information System (GIS)
MASOOD HAJIBIKLO باقر morsalToday, the role of sports in industry and economic prosperity in cities and regions is undeniable. It is urban development. Method: Descriptive research is a survey. The statistical population consists of university physical education professors, physical education expe MoreToday, the role of sports in industry and economic prosperity in cities and regions is undeniable. It is urban development. Method: Descriptive research is a survey. The statistical population consists of university physical education professors, physical education experts, tourism experts and tour leaders of Mehdi Shahr city who answered the standard questionnaires arbitrarily. Geographic information system was used to describe tourist areas, sports venues and study areas. After collecting data, confirmatory factor analysis test was used to evaluate the construct validity of the research variables and their indicators. Results: The results showed that the number of tourist areas in Mahdishahr city is sufficient and appropriate and there are a number of good sports facilities in this city. On the other hand, route analysis showed that sports tourism has a positive and significant effect on urban development. Conclusion: Increasing the demand for tourism with environmental and socio-cultural harms caused by economic benefits and the effects of the presence of tourists in a vulnerable environment has led to increasing attention to development sustainability issues in tourism that should be considered by officials. Therefore, extensive research is needed on the capacity of sports facilities in Mehdi Shahr to hold sports events and the amount of money required to develop and beautify them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the development of sports landuses in Khorasan Razavi province Based on the observance of spatial justice in the distribution of spaces and places
Mohammad Ardameh seyedmostafa tayebisani Ali Fahiminejad Bagher MorsalThe present study has analyzed the spatiality of sports venues and evaluated the access to sports centers according to the pattern of their spatial distribution in the level of communication networks in Khorasan Razavi province. This research is of applied type and desc MoreThe present study has analyzed the spatiality of sports venues and evaluated the access to sports centers according to the pattern of their spatial distribution in the level of communication networks in Khorasan Razavi province. This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical method. After determining the per capita sports uses in the province, using the Williamson model, the per capita distribution of these centers in the regions was measured according to population density. In the second part, using the Moran model, the spatial distribution pattern of sports uses (outdoor, indoor and total sports uses) was measured according to the area of these uses. The results showed that the per capita sports facilities in the province is equal to 0.34 square meters, which is less than the minimum per capita set for Iran. On the other hand, the total per capita sports space per household is about 1.05 square meters. also; The per capita outdoor sports space is more than the per capita indoor space (0.92 vs. 0.13 square meters per person). Meanwhile, Zone 1, which is in the northeast of the province, has a greater distribution of sports spaces and places, which, of course, has a greater distribution in terms of population. However, with increasing population density, the per capita total sports space (outdoor and indoor) increases with the slope of the line R2 = 0.5985. Also, according to the results of the nearest neighbor average model, it was found that the spatial pattern of distribution of sports centers in Khorasan Razavi province is 99% random. Therefore; solving these problems requires planning and management in the field of locating and organizing sports spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Investigating the Impact of Sports Spaces on Urban Environments Using Geographic Information System (GIS)
seyedmostafa tayebisani farzaneh taghavi nabiall idar mozhdeh khajooThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of sports spaces on the urban environment using GIS. This research is cross-sectional in terms of execution time and applied in terms of outputs, and is descriptive-analytical and comparative in terms of analysis. A MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of sports spaces on the urban environment using GIS. This research is cross-sectional in terms of execution time and applied in terms of outputs, and is descriptive-analytical and comparative in terms of analysis. And the youth of Tehran, including areas 13-8-7-4. It also includes 48 sports complexes. Which was examined as a whole number. For this purpose, statistical data of 5 active stations in the study area including: course stations, crisis headquarters, petals, victory and Aqdasiyeh in the period from the beginning of April 1399 to the beginning of April 1401, were collected and reviewed. At first, the geographical location of pollutant measuring stations was determined and entered the GIS environment and became a shape file. Then, the research model was drawn using structural equations.Then, through the IO technique, the location layer of sports complexes and the zoning layers of pollutants were superimposed and maps were prepared and produced. The findings showed that most of the sports spaces overlap with polluting areas. On the other hand, the proposed model of sports space on the environment was sufficiently appropriate and showed the impact of sports space on the urban environment. The general public is concerned about environmental issues through sports, so that by implementing green sports, we can take a constructive step towards minimizing the damage to the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Comparative evaluation of sports spaces in Semnan cities for holding sporting events using Geographic Information System (GIS)
hamid bagherzadeh seyedmostafa tayebisani bahram ghadimi vahid rafiy dahbidiEvents play a very important role in sports and if they are paid good attention, they can have major benefits. The purpose of this study is to compare the sports infrastructure of Semnan province to hold sports events. The present study is in the category of applied res MoreEvents play a very important role in sports and if they are paid good attention, they can have major benefits. The purpose of this study is to compare the sports infrastructure of Semnan province to hold sports events. The present study is in the category of applied research. In order to assess the current situation, the method of comparative comparison with existing national and international standards and comparison of per capita was used. First, the collected information and statistics about the area and per capita of indoor and outdoor sports spaces and places, etc. were presented in the form of tables and figures. Then, their zoning and distribution were mapped using GIS. Findings showed that Shahroud, Semnan and Damghan cities are in a more suitable situation. When the number of sports space is large and available, as a result, people's participation in physical activity increases and the number of organized athletes in sports increases.When the number of sports space is large and available, as a result, people's participation in physical activity increases and the number of organized athletes in sports increases.Therefore, trying to host sports events, creating and developing hardware, building comprehensive and well-equipped specialized sports centers, paying attention to media advertisements are very important and necessary points, and besides, other management factors can play an effective role in holding big events. Have sports.Considering that Semnan province has a good record in holding big sports events, it can be said that it has a good ability to host more competitions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Investigating the outsourcing status of sports facilities in Semnan using geographic information system
bahador shirincheshmeh mohmmad sanaie farshad emamiOutsourcing, as one of the tools for developing organizations and improving productivity in the form of downsizing, has attracted the attention of managers and officials of organizations and has been implemented in different ways. Geographic information. The current res MoreOutsourcing, as one of the tools for developing organizations and improving productivity in the form of downsizing, has attracted the attention of managers and officials of organizations and has been implemented in different ways. Geographic information. The current research is a mixed qualitative and quantitative type. It is descriptive-correlation in terms of type and applied in terms of purpose, which was conducted in the form of a survey. In the qualitative part, geographic information system (GIS) software was used to map the distribution of sports places. In the qualitative part, the statistical population is 30 sports complexes (indoor and outdoor) from the sports places of Semnan city. Also, to check the relationships between the research variables, 224 people voluntarily answered the researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability had already been checked. Structural modeling and measurement of multiple relationships between variables (smart pls software) were used to investigate and determine the extent of relationships between variables. The results of the survey showed that the distribution of sports spaces in the north and center of Semnan city is more than other parts, the per capita sports space of Semnan city in Semnan province ranks first and the area of sports spaces ranks second after Shahroud. Taekwondo, football and gymnastics are the sports priorities in Semnan city, and in total, the relationships between the variables showed that causal conditions and background conditions are effective on the outsourcing of sports facilities. It is suggested to the trustees of sports organizations to prevent parallel work with an inter-organizational division of work, so that in this way, sports organizations in a dynamic, complex and fast world can outsource sports venues to experienced people. to prevent the negative results of outsourcing and on the other hand to cause better financial performance of outsourcing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Distribution of sports human resources and sports fields in Semnan province using geographic information system (GIS)
باقر morsal hoseein ziariSports and physical activity as a social phenomenon has affected the lifestyle of many people all over the world in different physical, economic, educational, political and social ways. be This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms MoreSports and physical activity as a social phenomenon has affected the lifestyle of many people all over the world in different physical, economic, educational, political and social ways. be This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research is experts and sports elites of Semnan province (84 people). Finally, the researcher made a questionnaire. In order to check the distribution of athletes, Arc-GIS software was used. The results showed that, in total, Semnan, Shahrood cities have the most athletes and Aradan city has the lowest amount of athletes, and in the examination of the coach-to-athlete ratio, Mehdi city is superior to other cities. Finally, Shahrood, Semnan, and Garmsar have the most athletes compared to other provinces. And football, badminton, wushu and basketball are among the priorities of Semnan province's sports fields. Due to the inequality and imbalance of sports fields at the first level The province, without a doubt, has a serious responsibility towards the sports community today, and all officials and people involved in the field of sports should take steps for the development and growth of sports. Because the modern world is a complex place for the growth and development of humanity. Sports is a very important part of this modern era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Presenting the ideal model and strategies for the development of sports spaces in Semnan province using reverse logistics
meysam Ghanbariyan Ali Fahiminezhad باقر morsal mahdi goudarziThe lack of reverse logistics in sports has caused very destructive effects on the environment due to sports and sports events in Semnan province. The aim of the current research is to present the ideal model and strategies for the development of sports spaces in Semnan MoreThe lack of reverse logistics in sports has caused very destructive effects on the environment due to sports and sports events in Semnan province. The aim of the current research is to present the ideal model and strategies for the development of sports spaces in Semnan province by using reverse logistics. The method of the current research is of mixed exploratory type. Out of 180 experts, 120 people answered the questions of a questionnaire including: causal conditions, background conditions, intervening conditions, main phenomenon, development strategies, development consequences, which were confirmed in the qualitative part by experts and its validity and reliability were confirmed by the experts. They responded to the available sampling method. GIS software was used to describe the state of sports spaces in Semnan province, and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to check and analyze the measurement model.The findings showed that Shahroud city is in a more favorable state in terms of sports environment than other cities of the province. Among the identified strategies, "politicization in sports of the province based on environmental goals" should be given the highest priority, "supervising the successful implementation of reverse logistics activities in the sports of the province with emphasis on environmental principles" and the strategy of "providing the required financial resources" In order to carry out reverse logistics measures in the sports body of the province, priority is to be operationalized. And finally, "Training and empowering human forces specializing in sports in the province in line with environmental goals" to pave the way for the development of the reverse logistics of sports in the province. Also, the results indicated the favorable fit of the reverse logistics development model in sports of the province. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and analyze the policies for the development of sports spaces in the province by the responsible organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Asymmetric effects of changes in liquidity volume on the added value of transportation, warehousing and communication
مهناز حاله کامبیز هژبرکیانی فرید عسگری محمدصادق علیپورAbstractOne of the important and effective success factors in development planning is the knowledge of the structure and potential of different sectors in the economy. Transportation, warehousing and communication sub-sectors are among the sectors of the country's econo MoreAbstractOne of the important and effective success factors in development planning is the knowledge of the structure and potential of different sectors in the economy. Transportation, warehousing and communication sub-sectors are among the sectors of the country's economy, which have a significant share in the gross national product, and therefore, the factors affecting its added value should be considered by economic policy makers. On the other hand, in the direction of formulation and macro-economic decisions, the amount and direction of influence (symmetry or asymmetry) of monetary policies, including changes in the volume of liquidity, on macro-variables has always been the concern of economic policymakers. Therefore, in the upcoming study, we will dynamically examine the direction and degree of influence of the added value of the transportation, warehousing and communication sub-sector from asymmetric changes in the volume of liquidity using time series data annually during the period 1363 to 1398 and for For this purpose, the autoregression model with non-linear distribution breaks and the edge test approach have been used. The results show that there is a long-term relationship (collinearity) between the variables of the model, and the shocks of changes in the volume of liquidity in the studied model have an asymmetric effect and have larger coefficients in the long run. Based on other research results, the interest rate of bank loans on the added value of this sub-sector is positive and significant, and the elasticity of the added value of the mentioned sub-sector in the investigated model is higher than the interest rate of bank loans in relation to the changes in the volume of liquidity in the short and long term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - The relationship between knowledge management and organizational innovation in sports and youth administration
سید سجاد حسینی حسین رستم خانی Mehriye PanahiAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge management and organizational innovation in sports and youth administration. The method of the present study is descriptive and was implemented with a correlation design. The statistic MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge management and organizational innovation in sports and youth administration. The method of the present study is descriptive and was implemented with a correlation design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of managers and employees of the Sports and Youth Department of the cities of Zanjan province, and 56 people were selected and studied through targeted and accessible sampling. Using the standard questionnaire of Hwang's organizational innovation, three dimensions of organizational innovation, i.e. production innovation, administrative innovation and process innovation, and with the standard questionnaire of Salis knowledge management, five dimensions of knowledge management, namely knowledge creation, knowledge acquisition, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing and knowledge application. It was evaluated and recorded. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and statistical methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression in SPSS version 25 and at a significance level of 0.05. The results of the research indicate the existence of a meaningful relationship between knowledge management and organizational innovation, and knowledge management predicts the dimensions of organizational innovation in sports and youth administration. According to the research findings, it is suggested to pay attention to the knowledge management component in order to achieve organizational innovation in sports and youth departments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Effects of Acute Motor Restraint Stress on the Expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3, and Znt4 Genes Expression in Hippocampus of Male Rats
Maede Nilechi Akram Eidi Hamid Galehdari Mahnaz KesmatiStress is mentioned as a common problem in daily life. Disrupting the homeostasis of metal elements such as zinc in the central nervous system, stress causes diseases or dysfunction of various tissues. Zinc plays an important role in the function of vital organs, especi MoreStress is mentioned as a common problem in daily life. Disrupting the homeostasis of metal elements such as zinc in the central nervous system, stress causes diseases or dysfunction of various tissues. Zinc plays an important role in the function of vital organs, especially the central nervous system. Disorders of zinc homeostasis in turn lead to the development or progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's, depression, learning disabilities, and ischemia. Zinc transporters (ZnT) and ZIP proteins maintain Zinc homeostasis in the live organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute motor restraint stress on the expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3, and Znt4 genes in the hippocampus of rats as one of the tissues with high zinc density. Adult male rats were divided into groups of control and stress. RNA was extracted from hippocampal tissue and changes in the expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3 and Znt4 genes were monitored by real-time PCR. The results showed that due to stress induction, Znt1 gene expression increased significantly and no significant changes were observed in the expression of other studied genes. Identifying those zinc transporter genes that are altered by stress can make it possible to find a cure for stress by regulating zinc levels in the body through Zinc-containing drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Machinery Optimal Layout Design of a Production System with the Aim of Reducing Transportation Costs Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
Monireh Jannesari Aghdam Ramin Meshkabadi -
Open Access Article
389 - Speed Up, Slow Down or Both? Investigating the Contemporary Cities
Azadeh Pourtazak Seyed Hossein Bahrainy Mohammad Naghizadeh -
Open Access Article
390 - A Survey on the Rate of Public Satisfaction about Subway Facilities in the City of Tehran Using Servqual Model
Hamid Bigdeli Rad Vahid Bigdeli Rad -
Open Access Article
391 - Assessing the effects of spatial land use distribution in pathway network on travel pattern of citizens (Case Study: Seventh district of Qom City)
Mahsa Mostaghim Manouchehr Tabibian Amir Gandomkar Shirin ToghyaniEvery day, millions of urbanists have contacts with the pedestrian and vehicled networks and various types of transportation and use urban transportation to meet a range of occupational, educational, shopping, recreational, and other needs; Not all of these have the sam MoreEvery day, millions of urbanists have contacts with the pedestrian and vehicled networks and various types of transportation and use urban transportation to meet a range of occupational, educational, shopping, recreational, and other needs; Not all of these have the same pattern in every urban districts and they are subject to various factors and variables. A bunch of these factors is subject to the spatial configuration elements, one of the most important of which is the configuration of land use in pathway network, which has been investigated in this study. Through studies of this field, one can assess the possible consequences of land use deployment on citizens’ travel pattern and determine how they should be distributed when promoting a sustainable travel pattern. For this purpose, the seventh district of Qom city has been studied as the Central Business District (C. B. D). The research process is descriptive-analytic and library and field studies are used to collect information. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation test and accordingly the multivariable regression analysis was implemented and computer software such as Gis, Spss Depth Map was used. The findings of the research indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between the urban travel pattern and the pattern of land use in the city and the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Land Use and the Efficiency of Transportation Laws with Regard to Air Pollution in Tehran Metropolitan Area
Vahid Moshfeghi Gholamreza Haghighat Naeini Mitra Habibi -
Open Access Article
393 - Analysis of sustainable travel pattern in downtown neighborhoods by using a combination of space syntax and GIS (Case study: Districts 1 and 7 Qom city)
manuchehr tabibian mahsa mostaghim Shirin Toghyani amir gandomkar -
Open Access Article
394 - Intermodal Non-Motorized Transportation Mode Choice; Case Study: Qazvin City
Mohammad Mehdi Hajisoleimani Ali Abdi hamid bigdeli rad -
Open Access Article
395 - Applying the Land Use-Transportation Integrated Model, Using the Most Effective Sustainable Urban Variables Case study: part of the district 22 of city of Tehran
Pantea Lotfi Kazemi Manouchehr Tabibian -
Open Access Article
396 - Identification and prioritization of physical education infrastructure in the Iranian education system using FAHP
fateme rajabi vandchali Ali mohammad safania Hossein NazariPhysical education is one of the basic foundations for the development of children and adolescents, because it provides lifelong participation in physical activities to achieve physical and mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and prioritiz MorePhysical education is one of the basic foundations for the development of children and adolescents, because it provides lifelong participation in physical activities to achieve physical and mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the infrastructure of physical education in the Iranian education system using It is from FAHP. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is combined in terms of method (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population included professors and experts in the field of physical education. Sampling was purposeful. Data collection tools were semi-structured interview and 9-item paired comparison questionnaire and FAHP was used to rank the identified infrastructures. The results show that physical education infrastructure includes spatial infrastructure, facilities and equipment, sustainable financial infrastructure, human infrastructure, administrative-managerial infrastructure, design of appropriate curriculum, content infrastructure, teaching method infrastructure, socio-cultural infrastructure, system, respectively. Standard evaluation is the legal and motivational infrastructure. The results of this study can help educational planners to take effective steps to develop physical education in schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - prioritize the factors effecting efficiency of educational technology in faculty members of Sport Management, Islamic Azad Universities
Iman safaei farideh ashraf ganjouei علی Zareithe present study examines the obstacles facing faculty member’s physical education the efficient use of technology up to date has been paid in 1392. Population of this research included all faculty members (full-time or part-time) at least one of the sports manag Morethe present study examines the obstacles facing faculty member’s physical education the efficient use of technology up to date has been paid in 1392. Population of this research included all faculty members (full-time or part-time) at least one of the sports management courses in Islamic Azad Universities across the country, which is about 1,000 persons. To collect the data, a questionnaire Sport Management and Technology (SMaT, 2007) which consists of 138 questions is the Lonnie Wilson has been used. Validity by obtaining the opinion of experts were confirmed and respected masters. The research was descriptive survey method and the Friedman test was used to prioritize the factors. According to sport management faculty members, student communication technologies in education are a priority. The results of the second hypothesis of this study showed that the factors affecting the choice of technology, there is a significant difference. Therefore, the factors influencing the choice of technology by sport management faculty members, students, and policy needs of the organizational work of the importance and impact is high. The results of the study showed that the fourth hypothesis technological performance of students in a particular technology is significant. The efficiency of the process, sport management students and classroom management technologies provide the highest efficiency Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - investigation of shipping in qajar periods and impact on trade،based on content of the newspaper"kolkata hablal-matin
shirin sharifi gholamhossein zargarinejad sina foroozeshInvestigation of Shipping in Qajar Periods and its Impact on Trade, Based on Content of the newspaper “Kolkata Habl al-Matin” Abstract Transportation is always considered, in all times and in all places, an important factor affecting the trade. This factor MoreInvestigation of Shipping in Qajar Periods and its Impact on Trade, Based on Content of the newspaper “Kolkata Habl al-Matin” Abstract Transportation is always considered, in all times and in all places, an important factor affecting the trade. This factor and its related elements have had a specific importance when evaluating issues of business and the merchants in Qajar period. Undoubtedly, one of the most important and effective component in the backwardness of Iran's trade was the unsuitable situation of the transportation during Qajar period. The findings of this study have showed, according to the witnesses, there were few main roads in Iran not comparable with countries dealing them. The attack to the caravans by the tribes, lawbreakers and thefts was the very important concerns for businessmen. Sometimes the relative security had been made by the compassionate and worthy rulers but it was not sustainable. Communications equipment, such as post and telegraph was incompatible and the businessmen were in trouble in many cases. The competitive activities of some states such as Great Britain and Russia, in this regard especially the railway, should not be ignored. The aim of the present study is to explain the inhibiting factors of the transportation in the roads and their impacts on the trade during Qajar period using the descriptive/ analytic method based on the contents of the newspaper “Kolkata Habl al-Matin”. Keywords: transportation, trade, Qajar period, the newspaper “Kolkata Habl al-Matin” Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Investigation of Shipping in Qajar Periods and its Impact on Trade, Based on Content of the newspaper “Kolkata Habl al-Matin”
shirin sharifi golamhossein zargarinegad sina forozeshTransportation is always considered, in all times and in all places, an important factor affecting the trade. This factor and its related elements have had a specific importance when evaluating issues of business and the merchants in Qajar period. Undoubtedly, one of th MoreTransportation is always considered, in all times and in all places, an important factor affecting the trade. This factor and its related elements have had a specific importance when evaluating issues of business and the merchants in Qajar period. Undoubtedly, one of the most important and effective component in the backwardness of Iran's trade was the unsuitable situation of the transportation during Qajar period. The findings of this study have showed, according to the witnesses, there were few main roads in Iran not comparable with countries dealing them. The attack to the caravans by the tribes, lawbreakers and thefts were the very important concerns for businessmen. Sometimes the relative security had been made by the compassionate and worthy rulers but it was not sustainable. Communications equipment, such as post and telegraph was incompatible and the businessmen were in trouble in many cases. The competitive activities of some states such as Great Britain and Russia, in this regard especially the railway, should not be ignored. The aim of the present study is to explain the inhibiting factors of the transportation in the roads and their impacts on the trade during Qajar period using the descriptive/ analytic method based on the contents of the newspaper “Kolkata Habl al-Matin”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Investigating the condition of Iran's sports facilities in terms of dimensions and components of green management (Environmentally sustainable development)
sajed pourhassanToday, the goal of protecting the environment is to achieve sustainable development in the form of economic programs in harmony with the principles of environmental protection and preventing the destruction and depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources. Green m MoreToday, the goal of protecting the environment is to achieve sustainable development in the form of economic programs in harmony with the principles of environmental protection and preventing the destruction and depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources. Green management is the effective and efficient use of all resources to guide the organization to achieve environmental goals with the aim of creating social acceptance and preserving the environment. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the condition of sports facilities in terms of dimensions and components of green management. The current research was quantitative in terms of methodology, applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive in terms of data collection. 220 people were selected as a sample from the statistical population that included experts in the field of sports management familiar with the research topic and experts in the field of environment. Green management questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using binomial ratio test in SPSS software. The results showed that the current situation of sports facilities and facilities in terms of applying green management in Iran is in an unfavorable situation. The improvement of the environment will be achieved when the natural environment and human culture are related. The necessity of realizing such a goal is the existence of environmental ethics and culture in all strata of a society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - The Strategies and Consequences of Utilization of Talent Management in Sports Organizations (Grounded Theory)
Roya Alizadeh Hassan Fahim Hosein PeymanniZad Mohammad KeshtiDarToday, organizations have well understood that in order to succeed in a complex economy and survive in a competitive environment, they need to have the best talents, and their competitive advantage lies in the talents of their people. The question of this article is, wh MoreToday, organizations have well understood that in order to succeed in a complex economy and survive in a competitive environment, they need to have the best talents, and their competitive advantage lies in the talents of their people. The question of this article is, what are the strategies and consequences of applying talent management in Iranian sports organizations? Qualitative methodology and data theory based on Strauss and Corbin's approach have been used in this research. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and the resulting data were coded and analyzed in a contextual way. The results of 8 main categories and 60 sub-categories emerged in the form of a paradigm model including strategies (attraction, selection, development, maintenance and use of talent) and consequences (organizational, individual and process development). In sports organizations, the key sources of talent are the people working in the organization. Therefore, sports organizations can achieve their goals by implementing the talent management process as an important factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Testing the Fit of the Strategic Model for the Development of Basic Sports Based on Macro-Sports Policies
Ramesh Ramshini Hossein Peymanizad Hassan Fahim Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh GhandehariThe test was to fit the strategic model of basic sports development. The present study was applied research and in terms of data was quantitative and analysis method was descriptive-correlational and data collection was done in the field. The statistical population incl MoreThe test was to fit the strategic model of basic sports development. The present study was applied research and in terms of data was quantitative and analysis method was descriptive-correlational and data collection was done in the field. The statistical population includes all club managers, coaches, and athletes of all age groups of the province's teams in basic sports equal to 333 people. Samples were randomly selected based on the Morgan table. Data collection was a 63-item researcher-made questionnaire with 2 dimensions (organizational and extra-organizational strategies) and a 5-point Likert scale. Convergence and divergence validity were used to evaluate the construct validity of the instrument and Cronbach and Gutmann alpha coefficients were used to evaluate the reliability of the instrument. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods and SPSS and LISREL software. The general evaluation of the basic sports development strategies model has a strong and desirable fit. The average rankings among the components of organizational strategies, hardware strategy in the first place and among extra-organizational strategies, media strategy in the first place in the development of basic sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Types of Communication in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks: Various Techniques and Current Challenges in this Field
Sanaz Afshari Javad Akbari Torkestani Mehdi Fartash -
Open Access Article
404 - Nonlinear Modeling and Optimal Output Control of Two Wheeled Balancing Transporter
Reza Babazadeh Ataollah Gogani Khiabani Hadi Azmi -
Open Access Article
405 - Presenting the native model of e-government in Iran: a study in the Ministry of Sports and Youth
Sahar Famil zare Abolhassan Faghihi Reza NajafbagyEven though the electronic government can be a basic step to advance the goals of governments, it also faces challenges in the way of implementation. If the governments cannot provide electronic services uniformly to the general public, it will lead to a class divide in MoreEven though the electronic government can be a basic step to advance the goals of governments, it also faces challenges in the way of implementation. If the governments cannot provide electronic services uniformly to the general public, it will lead to a class divide in the society and ultimately people's dissatisfaction. The purpose of this research is to present the native model of e-government in Iran. For this purpose, first by reviewing the research literature, the theoretical framework of the research was developed, and the conceptual model of the research was presented and the research hypotheses were developed. In order to test the hypotheses, the statistical population including the elites of the headquarters of the Ministry of Sports and Youth were considered. Based on available sampling, questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed were distributed among 131 people from the statistical sample and due to the non-normality of data distribution, partial least squares method and SmartPLS3 software were used for statistical analysis. Based on significant values, all six hypotheses were confirmed. The influence of managerial factors on the implementation of e-government equal to 0.608, human resources factors on the implementation of e-government equal to 0.658, technical factors on the development of e-government implementation equal to 0.671, economic factors on the implementation of e-government equal to 0.627, environmental factors on the implementation of e-government equal to with 0.661 and organizational factors on the implementation of e-government equal to 0.692. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - Exploratory Factor Detection Challenges Questionnaire information management systems
Seyed mohamad hosein Hoseini ravesh Mahsa Nakhaei moghadamThe purpose of this study was to investigate the exploration structure of barriers to implementation of management information systems in sport and youth departments. The research method is descriptive and exploratory. The data of this research were gathered from 156 se MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the exploration structure of barriers to implementation of management information systems in sport and youth departments. The research method is descriptive and exploratory. The data of this research were gathered from 156 senior and middle managers and employees of the Information Technology sector and experts from the General Directorate of Sports and Youth Organization of Khorasan Razavi Province and the subsidiary cities. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 49 questions. In analyzing the data and presenting the findings, exploratory factor analysis method has been used to categorize and explain the obstacles and to explore the underlying structures. After collecting and analyzing the exploratory factor of the questionnaires, the minimum factor burden accepted for each variable was 0.3. Therefore, from 80 questions of the questionnaire, 31 questions were removed due to factor load less than 0.3 and 49 remaining questions of the class The questionnaire was subjected to a questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 which indicates that the questionnaire is appropriate. It was also found that both the entire questionnaire and all of the sub-tests have a high reliability coefficient. The results showed that this questionnaire can be used as a valid tool for measuring the establishment of management information systems in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - Designing a conceptual model of the intelligent transportation startup business ecosystem
Fateme Kafshdoz Mohammadi Gholam Hossein Hosseininia mohammad reza Meiguonpoory hossein vazifehdustStartup businesses are being considered in a new approach to the new economy. The proper ecosystem for the formation and development of start-up work consists of a set of edges and edges that depend on the growth and improvement of the nascent business conditions. the m MoreStartup businesses are being considered in a new approach to the new economy. The proper ecosystem for the formation and development of start-up work consists of a set of edges and edges that depend on the growth and improvement of the nascent business conditions. the main purpose of this research is the design of the conceptual model of smart transportation businesses. accordingly, the methodology of this research is applicable in terms of purpose, practical, and in terms of a qualitative approach using content analysis. the method of data collection has been semi-structured.for extracting, analysis, and incorporation of concepts from the coding method. finally, the findings were analyzed and compared in three alternative dimensions, axial and Open source classification. the statistical population of this research is experts and specialists and policymakers of smart transportation and university professors and researchers. according to the results of interviews, seven alternatives and 52 pivotal were identified that alternative codes are: rules and policies of governance and leadership, creation of support and institutional platforms, development of human capital, financial strategies, and financing, market, cultural strategies, and developing smart technologies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Analyze the dimensions of professional structure development for sports organizations based on the theory of Strauss and Corbin
Hossein Zakizzade Mehdi Naderinasab Rahim ramazaninezhadIntroduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the dimensions of professional structure development for sports organizations based on the theory of Strauss and Corbin.Methodology: The research method is qualitative with a systematic analysis approach. The statistica MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the dimensions of professional structure development for sports organizations based on the theory of Strauss and Corbin.Methodology: The research method is qualitative with a systematic analysis approach. The statistical population included two sections of human society (former directors of the Physical Education Organization, current and former directors and presidents of the National Olympic Committee and the Ministry of Sports and Youth) and the information society. A statistical sample of a sufficient number was selected based on theoretical saturation in a non-probability targeted and snowball technique (17 people and 29 documents). The validity of the instrument was assessed using qualitative validation methods (content validity, kappa coefficient (0.792)). For data analysis, a systematic approach has been used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding.Findings: Finally, 18 main categories (internal and external environment, organizational culture, professional structure, executive instructions, administrative bureaucracy, managers' intervention, level of control, human and financial resources, technology, staff training, infrastructure, Standardization of affairs, free expression, improvement of communication quality, delegation, productivity, improvement of decision making and improvement of sports performance) and 22 concepts were extracted.Conclusion: The category of professional structure in the design of sports organizations is of great importance and has various aspects. Also, using this dimension analysis and strategies based on Strauss and Corbin, we can expect the development of the professional structure of sports organizations in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Identifying obstacles to success in national championship sport Studied case: (Wushu Sports)
Vahid Beygmohammadloo Mohammad AtaeeThe main purpose of this study is to identify barriers to succession in national championship sports (Case study: Wushu).The statistical population of the study includes the staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, adult athletes of the national wushu team (m MoreThe main purpose of this study is to identify barriers to succession in national championship sports (Case study: Wushu).The statistical population of the study includes the staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, adult athletes of the national wushu team (men and women), coaches and heads of delegations and senior managers of the Wushu Federation, who are in total (60 people). Sampling method is simple random sampling from the statistical population and the sample size is determined by Morgan and Krejcie sampling table method is equal to 52 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the research variables. Content validity ratio (CVR) index was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by statistical techniques (Cronbach's alpha) with the help of SPSS software, which is 0.92. The collected data were also analyzed using Friedman and one-sample t-tests. The results of data analysis showed that: All four dimensions of management, behavior, organization and structure were effective in the succession system. Among them, the managerial component had the most impact (3.67) and the behavioral component had the least impact (3.22). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Determining the current situation and strategic position of the National Championship Sport.
Reza Sharbatzade Mehdi Naderinasab Ebrahim AlidoustThe overall purpose of this study was to design a comprehensive plan and determine the strategic position of the country's championship sport.The present study was conducted in terms of mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the MoreThe overall purpose of this study was to design a comprehensive plan and determine the strategic position of the country's championship sport.The present study was conducted in terms of mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section includes 16 people, including the chairmen of the committees of selected federations, managers of selected federations (Olympic medal chances), managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The directors of the National Olympic Committee, the coaches of the national teams, the athletes who won medals in the Olympics, the elites and the experts of sports management were selected in a purposeful manner. . To collect data, documents, documents, interviews and study of background literature were used with tools such as: questionnaires and PEST SCAN and SWOT analysis and meetings and holding several strategic steps. The results showed that the comprehensive championship sports program of the Islamic Republic of Iran has 10 strengths, 14 weaknesses, 10 opportunities and 12 threats and a total of 21 strategies. The mission statement, vision statement, core values and goals were also identified. The most important result is that, considering that the strategic position of the championship sport of the Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the WT region, it is suggested that the Ministry of Sports and Youth use defensive strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Determining the strategic position of sports tourism in the field of citizens' health
Rozita Hajiahmadi Mehdi Naderinasab Nima MajediThe purpose of this study is determining the strategic position of citizens' health and its strategies. information was collected from sports tourism experts in the field of citizens' health and sports management. Sampling was done by whole number method which was equal MoreThe purpose of this study is determining the strategic position of citizens' health and its strategies. information was collected from sports tourism experts in the field of citizens' health and sports management. Sampling was done by whole number method which was equal to 112 people. The results showed that the sports tourism industry has 10 strengths, 14 weaknesses, 10 opportunities and 12 threats in different areas in the field of health of the citizens of the country. To rank each of them, Friedman test was used at the level of p <0.05. The matrix of internal factors of the sports tourism industry in the field of citizens 'health showed that the total score of the matrix is 2.927, which shows the strengths overcoming the weaknesses of the sports tourism industry in the field of citizens' health in Iran. The matrix of external factors of the sports tourism industry in the field of citizens' health showed that the total score of the external matrix is 1.573, which indicates the dominance of threats over environmental opportunities in this industry. The general conclusion is that the analysis of internal and external matrix shows that the sports tourism industry in the field of health of the citizens of Iran is strategically in the ST position, in other words, it can be said that due to the strengths over strengths and weaknesses of the tourism industry. Sports in the field of health of the country's citizens, as well as trying to overcome the anticipated threats, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - learning as a prediction for entrepreneurship
Isa Eskandari Alireza ElahiThe purpose of this study was to predict the relationship between organizational entrepreneurship in sport and youth departments in northern Iran through organizational learning capabilities. The present study is descriptive correlational and purpose of applied, and the MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict the relationship between organizational entrepreneurship in sport and youth departments in northern Iran through organizational learning capabilities. The present study is descriptive correlational and purpose of applied, and the research method has been survey. Statistical population all managers and assistant managers and experts were responsible for Sport and Youth offices northern Iran(N= 108). Sampling is carried out for all. Validity of the study, 12 people with sports management was approved. The instruments used were Organizational Learning Questionnaire developed by Gomez, et al. (2005), and Organizational Entrepreneurship developed by Bourn, et al.( 2001). Cronbachis Alfe were respectively 0/916 and 0/915. Kolmogorov Smirnov test results, proved the normality of the distributions. Pearson Correlation Coebticients were significant between Organizational Learning and Organizational Entrepreneurship factors. Eventualy, Organizational Learning was, according to Regression Analysis proved to be suitable predictor for Organizational Entrepreneurship. So, accoarding do the results, Organizations shoulde pay attention to development of Organizational Learning in their human resources to have innovative, productive and entrepreneur managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - The Evaluation of Managerial Roles of Managers in Sports organization of Iran
Zahra Nobakht Ramezani Elham Attari Nahid SadeghiThe current study aims to highlight the managerial roles of managers in sports organization of Iran. This is a comparative-analytical study based on the data collected from field surveys. The findings of current research show that development in managerial roles could p MoreThe current study aims to highlight the managerial roles of managers in sports organization of Iran. This is a comparative-analytical study based on the data collected from field surveys. The findings of current research show that development in managerial roles could provide ground for change and movement toward advancement. In sum, it can be said that the research outcome could form a basis for managers to evaluate their roles as well as to make the required modifications. Increasing coordination and cooperation between managers help develop technical and administrative innovation in the organization because this coordination indirectly contributes to learning and memorizing process. These provide them an opportunity to adapt and evolve the organization and plan a suitable framework for country’s sports by removing the weaknesses and reinforcing the strengths as well as applying organization’s human resources in order to accomplish the anticipated objectives. On the other side, a manager who is not satisfied with his job due to ambiguity in his role can acquire useful information with respect to expertise and special through which administrative transformation and development of manager and employees’ performance would be ascertained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Identification on the Relationship Among the Dimensions of Measuring of Logistics Service Quality in the Ttransport Companies in Iranian Market
Mahshid Ahmadi Ali BadizadehLogistic, which was considered by the public as a military technique, in the civilian realm has been formed of a set of various disciplines and fields. But in this article we lay stress on the aspects merely related to freight handling.Current research, in terms of its MoreLogistic, which was considered by the public as a military technique, in the civilian realm has been formed of a set of various disciplines and fields. But in this article we lay stress on the aspects merely related to freight handling.Current research, in terms of its purpose, is practical and in terms of data gathering method is a descriptive and surveying research. Using a questionnaire, the attitude of the subjects was examined and using the AMOS software, SPSS, we obtained descriptive and inferential statistics and SEM design. The results show that all five dimensions of reliability, tangibility, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy are related to each other. A remarkable point in this research is the negative relationship between the two dimensions of responsiveness and tangibility of services. With further research, the study has concluded that transport companies, despite the lack of or shortage of transportation equipment, by using lorries which aren’t in their own business possession , they meet their obligations and try to keep their customers satisfied and maintain their share of the competitive market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Determination of Sport for all Strategies in Iran
Ali Mohamadikharajo Nima Majedi Mehdi NaderiNasabOne of the most reasonable approaches to reach optimal productivitly and development in the sport organizations is to have a defined plan and to identify the strategies to catch the organizational targets. The aim of this study was to deternine the sport for all strateg MoreOne of the most reasonable approaches to reach optimal productivitly and development in the sport organizations is to have a defined plan and to identify the strategies to catch the organizational targets. The aim of this study was to deternine the sport for all strategies in Iran by SWOT method. this study was application in term of aim and nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of strategy. Firstly the current status of Iran sport for all climbing was studied and then a questionnaire with reliability (α=0.92). It was distributed among 85 people related to Iran for all climbing. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics inculuding Chi-squared and Friedman test. Finally SWOT analysis model was applied. The matrix of internal and external (IE) factors revealed that the strategic position of sport for all in Iran was in weakness and threats (WT) area.13 strategies were determined by the TOWS Matrix ranked by QSPM Matrix and proposed. according to the location of sport for all of Iran in WT position, it seems that operating the proposed strategies can support this sport to leave current the critical situation towards a better place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Meta-heuristic Algorithms for an Integrated Production-Distribution Planning Problem in a Multi-Objective Supply Chain
Abolfazl Kazemi Fatemeh Kangi Maghsoud Amiri -
Open Access Article
417 - A Public Bicycle Sharing System Considering Renting and Middle Stations
Behzad Maleki Vishkaei Iraj Mahdavi Nezam Mahdavi-Amiri Esmaile Khorram -
Open Access Article
418 - Solving the Fixed Charge Transportation Problem by New Heuristic Approach
Komeil Yousefi Ahmad J. Afshari Mostafa Hajiaghaei-Keshteli -
Open Access Article
419 - Modelling and optimization of a tri-objective Transportation-Location-Routing Problem considering route reliability: using MOGWO, MOPSO, MOWCA and NSGA-II
Fariba Maadanpour Safari Farhad Etebari Adel Pourghader Chobar -
Open Access Article
420 - Developing a Fuzzy Green Supply Chain Management Problem Considering Location Allocation Routing Problem: Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Approach
Behzad Aghaei Fishani Ali Mahmoodirad Sadegh Niroomand Mohammad Fallah -
Open Access Article
421 - A combined transportation model for the fruit and vegetable supply chain network
Javid Ghahremani-Nahr Seyyed Esmaeil Najafi Hamed Nozari -
Open Access Article
422 - An integrated crew scheduling problem considering reserve crew in air transportation: Ant colony optimization algorithm
Saeed Saemi Alireza Rashidi Komijan Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Mohammad Fallah -
Open Access Article
423 - A mathematical programming model for single round-robin tournament problem: A case study of Volleyball Nations League
Hamed Jafari Morteza Rajabzadeh -
Open Access Article
424 - A New Hybrid Parallel Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Travelling Salesman Problem with Multiple Transporters
parham azimi Ramtin Rooeinfar Hani Pourvaziri -
Open Access Article
425 - Multimodal Transportation p-hub Location Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pick-ups and Deliveries
Saeed Zameni Jafar Razmi -
Open Access Article
426 - A Benders' Decomposition Method to Solve Stochastic Distribution Network Design Problem with Two Echelons and Inter-Depot Transportation
Vahid Reza ghezavati -
Open Access Article
427 - Outsourcing or Insourcing of Transportation System Evaluation Using Intelligent Agents Approach
isa nakhaei kamalabadi parham azimi mohammad varmaghani -
Open Access Article
428 - Design of a Mathematical Model for Logistic Network in a Multi-Stage Multi-Product Supply Chain Network and Developing a Metaheuristic Algorithm
Esmaeil Mehdizadeh Fariborz Afrabandpei -
Open Access Article
429 - Lifelines Performance of the Mw 8.8 Offshore BIOBÍO,Chile Earthquake
Alex Tang -
Open Access Article
430 - The Effect of Soccer Ball Impulse on Lower Limbs of the Human Body
Leila Shahryari Behtash JavidSharifi JavidSharifi Mohammad Ali Samianifar -
Open Access Article
431 - The Effectiveness of Appreciation Education on Academic Buoyancy and Cognitive Flexibility in Volleyball Sports Students
Maryam Feyzbakhsh Vaghef Soleyman Kabini MoghadamThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of appreciation training on academic buoyancy and cognitive flexibility in volleyball students. The research method was semi-experimental with the implementation of pre-test & post-test and MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of appreciation training on academic buoyancy and cognitive flexibility in volleyball students. The research method was semi-experimental with the implementation of pre-test & post-test and with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all 9th grade female students of one school in Rasht district in the academic year of 2020-2021 in the number of 418 people, out of which 36 female athletes were randomly divided into 2 groups (18 people). The experimental group and 18 people were divided into the control group. Academic buoyancy questionnaires by Dehghanizadeh & Hosseinchari (2011) and cognitive flexibility by Dennis & Vanderwaal (2010) were completed by all the subjects of the two groups in the pre-test and post-test stages. Then, the experimental group was subjected to Emmons and McCullough's (2003) appreciation training intervention for 9 sessions of 90 minutes. While during this period, the control group did not receive any intervention. The data was analyzed using the inferential test of analysis of covariance. The results showed that appreciation training increased the academic buoyancy and cognitive flexibility of female athletes. (P<0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of appreciation training is useful and effective to increase academic buoyancy and cognitive flexibility in female volleyball athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Investigating the effectiveness of regular sports activities on improving body image and reducing overeating behaviors in overweight students
Soodabeh Aghajani Maghsoud Faghirpour The research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of regular sports activities on improving body image and reducing overeating behaviors in overweight students. The research method was semi-experimental and the research design was pre-tes More The research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of regular sports activities on improving body image and reducing overeating behaviors in overweight students. The research method was semi-experimental and the research design was pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all 9th grade female students studying in Bandar Anzali schools in the academic year of 2022-2023, 308 of which 30 were selected by purposive sampling. To collect the required data, the questionnaires of the person's attitude about body image by Kash & et al (1986) and Gormali & et al (1982) overeating behaviors were used. The experimental group was exposed to Fakhraei-Aghadam et al. (2016) sports activity protocol training for 12 sessions. Statistical methods of covariance analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that training in sports activities improved body image and reduced overeating behaviors in overweight students (P<0.001). According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that using the content and instructions of sports activities will be useful in improving the body image and reducing the overeating behaviors of overweight students Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - The Effects of Emotional Intelligence on Sport Orientation and Aggression of Young Athlete's
Arsalan Khanmohammad Otaghsara Alireza Homayouni Morteza Firoozjah Ameneh «اشمشفذشقهThe present research investigated the effects of emotional intelligence components on the orientation and aggression of young athlete's. This research design was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest. 40 young athletes were selected and randomly assigned in two groups MoreThe present research investigated the effects of emotional intelligence components on the orientation and aggression of young athlete's. This research design was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest. 40 young athletes were selected and randomly assigned in two groups with 20 experimental and 20 controls people. Emotional intelligence program was conducted for 12 weeks on athletes. Results showed that emotional intelligence training had significant effect in decreasing of aggression. In addition, results showed that emotional intelligence training had significant effect on sport orientation and increased it. Therefore, the use of emotional intelligence training is an effective factor on the reduction of aggression, and also an important factor in increasing of athlete’s sport orientation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - The effect of braitonic, aerobic and rope training exercises on social development and participatory motivation in 10-year-old girls of Tabriz families
Marina Daneghian Afkham Daneshvar Masoumeh ShojaeiOne of the most important factors influencing growth is providing a proper developmental education program, and regular participation of children in planned physical activities can be effective in maintaining their health. Tanavarz National Plan is one of the programs o MoreOne of the most important factors influencing growth is providing a proper developmental education program, and regular participation of children in planned physical activities can be effective in maintaining their health. Tanavarz National Plan is one of the programs of the Ministry of Education for primary school students and it is necessary to study it in comparison with new sports. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of braitonic, aerobic and rope training exercises on social development of 10-year-old girls of families in Tabriz. For this purpose, after completing the personal characteristics questionnaire, 80 students were randomly selected from clusters of three, four and five education districts of Tabriz and divided into 4 groups (rope, braitonic, aerobics and control group). Each experimental group participated in 24 sessions of relevant exercises and the control group had only normal daily activities. Vainland's social development test and sports participation motivation questionnaire were measured. The results of this study showed that exercises for tonics and aerobics had a significant effect on children's social development and rope had no significant effect and the effect of tonics on social development was significantly greater than aerobics. Eight weeks of training for tonics, aerobics and tug-of-war significantly increased the motivation of 10-year-old girls to participate in sports. The effect of exercises braitonic and rope was significantly higher than aerobic, but there was no significant difference between the effect of exercises braitonic and rope. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Presenting a model and explaining the solutions for popularizing women's sports, from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad
Fahimeh Rivadeh Mohamad ali Ghare Elham Karimi torghabe Rahele KardavaniAbstract,The aim of this study was to present a model and explain the solutions for popularizing women's sports from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad. The research method was content analysis. According to the Purpose of the r MoreAbstract,The aim of this study was to present a model and explain the solutions for popularizing women's sports from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad. The research method was content analysis. According to the Purpose of the research, using library including, 45 related articles and in-depth interviews with 20 professional and scientific ome elements were extracted, grouped and indentified as…elements of obstacles and solutions for popularization of women's sports. Theme analysis was used. The output of this step was to identify 34 solutions. Convergent and divergent validity was used to determine the validity, which yielded results and coefficients above 70%. The results showed that the development of sports among women requires the improvement of social beliefs, a fair and equitable view in the staff, a sense of women's desire for sports and the implementation of motivational plans. Implementation of projects such as leisure festivals and the Joy and Health Cup should be better planned for women to increase women's interest in sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Social analysis of the role of media in the place of gender in sports(Case study: Tokyo 2020 Olympic sports news in Iran Sports newspaper)
Sedigheh Rezaeepasha FARIDEH SHARIFIFAR Mahmoud Sharepour Aliasghar KiaThe purpose of writing this article is the social analysis of the role of the media and the position of gender in sports in the media coverage of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. This research was conducted using qualitative research method and thematic analysis stra MoreThe purpose of writing this article is the social analysis of the role of the media and the position of gender in sports in the media coverage of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. This research was conducted using qualitative research method and thematic analysis strategy. The statistical population is all the contents of Iran Sports newspaper in 1400. Statistical sampling was purposefully selected, which includes 89 textual data (news, reports, interviews, and articles) in the Iran Sports newspaper. In the present research, the textual data of Iran Sports newspaper were categorized in three levels of basic themes, organizing themes, and overarching themes in the coding process. These three levels were shown along with the relationships between them. The comparison of the results obtained from the analysis of the content of the Iran Sports newspaper during the Olympic period shows that the approach of this newspaper was based on the concepts of "hegemony", "sports metaphors" and "super-reality", but the noteworthy point is the concept of "hegemony". that the news coverage in this theme has been done for both sexes, with the difference that the news support for women is more about the announcement of infrastructural restrictions for training before being sent to competitions or the lack of facilities or equipment for athletes during competitions and... While the news coverage for male athletes includes allocating special points and encouraging them for their efforts in the field of competition with their opponents, even when they did not achieve the desired result Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Social and Cultural Aspects of Women's Football Development
ناصر حجازی طیبه بابایی شهرکیThe women’s football development is an important subject world wide nowadays and is a new topic in sociology. Our goal in this project is to survey the cultural and social fields in women’s sport development such as football. Therefore, we have used variable MoreThe women’s football development is an important subject world wide nowadays and is a new topic in sociology. Our goal in this project is to survey the cultural and social fields in women’s sport development such as football. Therefore, we have used variables such as health, mass media, education, democracy and human development. The research is in secondary analysis method and the information was obtained from the sites of FIFA (Football International Federation) and HDR (Human Development Reports).We analyzed the data with SPSS18 software. The statistical population includes some of the U.N. member countries, from among which 33 countries. The sample. After testing the hypotheses, we noticed that all the variables except education and human development had a meaning full relationship with woman’s football development. On the whole, of the five studied hypotheses, three of them (related to health variable, use of internet and democracy) were confirmed, and the other hypotheses were rejected (related to human development and education variables). Totally, the most effective variable which has the most impact on women’s football development is the use of internet with 0.01 sig and correlation coefficient at 0.38. On the contrary, education indicator, with 0.21 sig and correlation coefficient of 0.14, has the lowest influence on the related variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Investigating the socio-individual factors associated with the tendency of Tabriz men and women citizens to sport activities
anesah Mousavi davood ebrahimpoorExercise as one of the individual-social manifestations, while preserving and maintaining the physical and mental health of the community, is important for the proper fulfillment of the individual, family and social roles. The general objective of this research is to de MoreExercise as one of the individual-social manifestations, while preserving and maintaining the physical and mental health of the community, is important for the proper fulfillment of the individual, family and social roles. The general objective of this research is to determine socio-cultural factors related to the tendency of Tabriz citizens to sport activities. The research method was essentially descriptive and of a survey type. The statistical population of the study was citizens of Tabriz under the age of 15 years old. According to the statistics center of Iran in 1395, the number of them is 1319033 people, of whom 670516 men and 648516 women. . In order to collect the required data about the population, cluster sampling was used to collect data. In this type of sampling, people are selected according to a hierarchy of types of community units. The samples were selected in proportion to the population of the 10 municipalities. Then, 384 questionnaires were filled out by citizens randomly by referring to residential houses in each of the districts. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was reviewed using the views of the professors of this field. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normal distribution of variables and Pearson correlation test, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses. Findings of the research showed that the most important factors tend to sport activities, sex, age, marital status, education, income, social support, person's perception of the body, social capital and cultural capital, each of which has a certain share in the communication of citizens Have tended to exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - The Role of the Culture Industry and the Knowledge Industry on Tendency toward Sports
Mohamad mahdi Arghavan Khali Mirzaei Aliee Shekar beugiThis study aimed to investigate the role of the culture industry and the knowledge industry on the tendency toward sports. The Grounded Theory (GT) method was used in this study. The statistical population consisted of two groups of elites in the fields of sociology, so MoreThis study aimed to investigate the role of the culture industry and the knowledge industry on the tendency toward sports. The Grounded Theory (GT) method was used in this study. The statistical population consisted of two groups of elites in the fields of sociology, sociology of sports, media and education, as well as the youth of Bandar Abbas. The in-depth and unstructured interview technique was employed in the qualitative part, while a quantitative researcher-made 42-item questionnaire was utilized in the quantitative part. The results in the qualitative part were analyzed through open, axial and selective coding and the concepts were identified based on which a researcher-made questionnaire was developed. The results were analyzed using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and Friedman test. According to the findings, exercise motivation was categorized into three indicators, namely physical and mental health, quality of life, and leisure and pleasure; the knowledge industry was categorized into three indicators, namely education, introduction of sports, and scientific-sports contents; and the culture industry was categorized into five indicators, namely radio sports programs, virtual sports pages, sports press, documents and interviews of athletes on TV, and television sports programs and competitions.Conflict of interest: According to the authors, the article did not have any conflict of interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - The relationship between personality components of sport brands with risk avoidance and customer loyalty from the viewpoint of market sociology
Mehdi Rostami Hamid Froghipour Reza SabounchiThis research aims to explain the relationship between the personalityof sport brands with risk avoidance and customer loyalty. This researchwas applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive correlation in terms ofdata gathering and was based on structural equation model MoreThis research aims to explain the relationship between the personalityof sport brands with risk avoidance and customer loyalty. This researchwas applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive correlation in terms ofdata gathering and was based on structural equation model. The statisticalpopulation included all valid sports brand clients (5 famous and high-endsports brands Adidas, Nike, Puma, Al Sport and Asics).With regard to theunlimited statistical population, 384 people were selected as the statisticalsample based on Morgan's table. The brand personality standardquestionnaire (Jones et al., 2009), Customer loyalty Anisimova (2007),and researcher-made risk avoidance questionnaire were used to collectdata. The formal validity and content of these questionnaires wereapproved by 10 sport management supervisors and reliability ofquestionnaire was 0.894, 0.85 and 0.957 respectively, using Cronbach'salpha coefficient. The validity of questionnaire structure was alsoconfirmed by factor analysis. Descriptive tests (mean and standarddeviation) and inferential tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearsoncorrelation, and multiple regression and structural equations) were usedfor analyzing data by SPSS and Amos software. According to the resultsof Pearson correlation test, there was a significant correlation between thepersonality of sport brands and risk aversion customers, and betweenpersonality of sport brands and customer loyalty. Also, there was asignificant positive correlation between personality components of sportsbrands (responsiveness, dynamism, sensitivity, courage, simplicity) withrisk aversion and customer loyalty. According to regression results,dynamic and audacity components have a significant effect on riskaversion. Responsibility and sensitivity components have a significanteffect on customer loyalty. The results of structural equation showed that,the personality of sport brands had a direct and positive effect on riskaversion (factor=359), attitude loyalty (factor=575) and customer loyaltybehavior (factor=548). Also, the model's indices confirmed the fitness ofresearch communication model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Comparative study on the tendency towards general sport in Khalkhal and Hashjin cities with consideration to economic and social variables
Samad Abedini Jafar Ebrahimi Ramin Esfahani HashjinThis research was conducted with the aim of comparing the tendencytoward public sport in Khalkhal and Hashejin cities in terms of economicand social status in 1395-1399. The research method is a survey and atool for collecting data is a researcher-made questionnaire. Th MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of comparing the tendencytoward public sport in Khalkhal and Hashejin cities in terms of economicand social status in 1395-1399. The research method is a survey and atool for collecting data is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statisticalpopulation of the study included all citizens of Khalkhal and Hashjincities. According to statistics provided by the Khalkhal County CivilRegistry Office, 47,848 people live in 13,156 households in Khalkhal,and 7315 as 1984 households in Hashjin City. The Cochran formula wasused to determine the sample size which was 384. The research findingsindicate that,the level of tendency toward public sport in Khalkhal andHashjin is different in terms of socioeconomic status. And in both cities,the rate of people's tendency to public sports varies according tosocioeconomic status (income, type of occupation, level of education,social participation, and type of consumed food and the use of culturalgoods). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - The study of the relationship between social responsibility and perceived value and customer satisfaction the of sports clubs in Hashtrood city
Farzaneh Sadeghi Hamid JananiThe aim of this research is to study the relationship between social responsibility with perceived value and customer satisfaction of the sports clubs in Hashtrood city. The research is applied, its method is descriptive-correlational and its population is all sports cl MoreThe aim of this research is to study the relationship between social responsibility with perceived value and customer satisfaction of the sports clubs in Hashtrood city. The research is applied, its method is descriptive-correlational and its population is all sports clubs customers in Hashtrood city. (N =450). A sample of 300 individuals was selected through Random sampling. The measuring tool is Carol’s social responsibility questionnaire (1991), Sweeny’s perceived value questionnaire (2008) and Moghimi & Ramazan customer satisfaction questionnaire (1390). The validity of questionnaires was approved by five professors and specialists in the field of sport management. The reliability of questionnaires is achieved by Cronbach alpha coefficient and their α coefficient for social responsibility questionnaire is (α= 0/88), for perceived value questionnaire is (α=0/93) and for customer satisfaction questionnaire is (α=0/89) respectively. To analyze the data, SPSS software16 was used to perform descriptive statistics. In inferential statistics, in order to check normal distribution of data Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. After confirmation of abnormal research data, nonparametric statistical method of Spearman correlation test was used to determine the relationship between social responsibility with perceived value and customer satisfaction the of sports clubs. The results showed that, there is a significant relationship (Sig <0/05) between social responsibility (and its elements of Economical, Legal, Moral, Humanistic) with perceived value and customer satisfaction of sports clubs in Hashtrood city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - The relationship between wrestlers’ performance levels and their personal and social identity
Ayob Baninosrat Bagher Hussein pour Amir Giyami Rad Habib Muhammad pourSport has been historically exercised with purposes of contest or entertainment in different countries, but in new and professional form it coincides with industrial developments. Sociologically, sport is related to the aspects such as contest, entertainment, skills, an MoreSport has been historically exercised with purposes of contest or entertainment in different countries, but in new and professional form it coincides with industrial developments. Sociologically, sport is related to the aspects such as contest, entertainment, skills, and joy in the first place, but in fact it deals with wide variety of social issues. Identity, as one of the most important dimensions of athletic character is highly affected by sportive behaviors. Most literature shows that sportsmen have different identities in comparison to none-sportsmen, but here in this research the main idea has established around the identical changes happen during the developments of individuals’ sportive life. In this study three groups of 362 Iranian wrestlers participated. According to the results there were significant differences between three groups due to their competence feeling, self-esteem, and group dependency averages. Additionally, the dominant identity in higher levels was social and in low levels was individual. Finally, in higher levels more homogeneity was observed between individual and social identities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - The relationship between the Advertising media and brand equity from the Sports customer perspective in Tabriz
Nasrin Alizadeh Pasdar Hamid JananiThe aim of this research is the study of the relationship between the Advertising media and brand equity from the Sports customer perspective in Tabriz. This is an applied and correlational research and the population of sports shop customers in Tabriz city were (N =300 MoreThe aim of this research is the study of the relationship between the Advertising media and brand equity from the Sports customer perspective in Tabriz. This is an applied and correlational research and the population of sports shop customers in Tabriz city were (N =30000). From the sample of 384 individuals according to Morgan, 360 individuals were selected through random sampling method. The measuring tool was advertising media questionnaire of Campel, Raight (2008) and brand equity questionnaire of Aaker (1991). The validity of the questionnaires was approved by five professors and specialists in the field of sport management. Also, Cronbach alpha reliability of advertising media questionnaire was (α= 0/90) and of brand equity questionnaire was (1991) (α=0/91), respectively. To analyze the data, SPSS-16 and descriptive and inferential statistics were used. In inferential statistics, for checking the normal distribution of data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. After confirmation of abnormality of data, nonparametric statistical method of Spearman correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the advertising media and brand equity. The results showed that, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the advertising media and brand equity from the sports customers perspective in Tabriz. (Sig <0/05). The customers’ brand equity is influenced by advertising media and this study confirms this. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - Investigating the Fundamentals and Dimensions of juridical , Legal Responsibility in Sport
Jafar Moazen_ Raziyan Elahe Medadi _Nansa Ebrahim HamzehzadehLaw science deals with all aspects of human life. Increasing the legal awareness of the sports community in order to prevent the occurrence of sports incidents. Sports rights are defined as the set of materials that clarify the legal duties and responsibilities of all t MoreLaw science deals with all aspects of human life. Increasing the legal awareness of the sports community in order to prevent the occurrence of sports incidents. Sports rights are defined as the set of materials that clarify the legal duties and responsibilities of all those involved in sports activities. In this article, in addition to the jurisprudential office, the legal in order to prevent and sport by raising the legal awareness of the sports community and informing the society about the legal consequences of the violations in the field through familiarity with the laws and jurisprudential laws Gets According to the laws of Iran and jurisprudence, in sporting activities, there will be no criminal liability with respect to related laws, but there is no reason to remove civil liability from such a person, but if there are civil liability elements in him, according to the materials contained in his civil liability law Will be responsible. In the event that the athlete's mistakes are triggered and the assailant is forced to pay the Diyah, civil and criminal liability will be mixed. Many lawyers, paragraph E, also consider Article 158 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 civil liability. The results of this paper have been obtained by using the documentary method and also by collecting information from the library method and studying the jurisprudential and legal texts and the regulations of the sports federations and some rules such as the legislator's permit, the act of giving and the principle of vindication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Anesthetic effects of Lidocaine-hydrochloride and Caryophillium aromaticus in simulated transport experiment on quality parameters of rainbow trout juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss
s.ehsan saberi abas Sadeghloo farahnaz LakzaeiAbstractSimulated transportation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings to study stress reactions the effects of Lidocaine hydrochloride and Caryophillium aromaticus on water quality parameters Dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) and pH of control g MoreAbstractSimulated transportation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings to study stress reactions the effects of Lidocaine hydrochloride and Caryophillium aromaticus on water quality parameters Dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) and pH of control group and treated group of 5, 10, 20 ppm Lidocaine hydrochloride and 5, 10, 30ppm Caryophillium aromaticus similar experiments simulating the park et al (2009) of Winter flounder Pleuronectes effected Lidocaine hydrochloride Done separately for each period of 5 hours in 3 replicate samples in the results relative decline DO 4.42 ppm and increase NH4+ 0.45mg/l after 5h without loss of sample groups Lidocaine hydrochloride but increase NH4+ 2.04mg/l and the sharp decline DO 2.10ppm after 5h caused the juveniles were suffering losses %100 due to the high concentration of anesthetic Caryophillium aromaticus shock and did not leave. The purpose of simulating long-term transport juveniles Oncorhynchus mykiss separated by an anesthetic Lidocaine hydrochloride and Caryophillium aromaticus measure strength and economic of these results is non-toxic and effective anesthetic being also group 20 ppm Lidocaine hydrochloride is an effective rate in the Caryophillium aromaticus 5 ppm and control group critical condition operations metabolism excretion are juveniles Oncorhynchus mykiss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Exploring the Effects of Zeman Contract on the Parties Relations: A New Approach
mohammad mousavi mohammad mahriziLegal relations between creditor and debtor usually accompanied by the threat of whether the debtor fulfill the due payment or default. Therefore, accomplished creation of institutions as having the role of guarantee for the creditor, among which can name Zeman Contract MoreLegal relations between creditor and debtor usually accompanied by the threat of whether the debtor fulfill the due payment or default. Therefore, accomplished creation of institutions as having the role of guarantee for the creditor, among which can name Zeman Contract which is a subordinate kind of contract following the debt, through which an acquittal person accepts financial duty annexed to other. This paper by investigating theories proposed by jurisprudence and law scholars tries to first, introduce the best theory(Vertical Tazamon) seems to be the most suitable considering needs and problems of socio-economic life then explaining the pros and cons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - The Comparison of Gender Differences in Athletic Students’ Sports Participation Motivation
Mozhgan Piri Saeid Ahar Ahmad MahmoudiThe aim of this study was to compare the sexual differences in athletic students’ sporting participation motivation. It was a descriptive - comparative field study. The population of this study was the students who participated in girls and boys’ sports even MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the sexual differences in athletic students’ sporting participation motivation. It was a descriptive - comparative field study. The population of this study was the students who participated in girls and boys’ sports events of high schools of Khorasan Razavi province in 2011. For this purpose, 589 boy and girl students were selected as the sample, using stratified Taxonomy sampling method. To collect the data, Gill et al, s question was used and to analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) and Mann-Whitney analyses were conducted. The findings revealed there are significant differences between girls and boys in motivation for sport participation (P≤0.001). Also, the results showed significant differences in motivational factors including success, preparedness, relief of energy, finding friends and fun between the girls and boys(P<0.001). No difference was observed in the components of the atmospheric group, situational factors and skill development (P≤0.001). In all of the components except skill development, motivation to participate in was higher among girls as compared to boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - A Bibliometric study of translated books in different areas of physical education and Sport Sciences by 2009
Parvaneh Alavi Namvar Marjan Fakhri Vahid Sari SarrafUsing bibliometric, the history of overall circumstances of translated books in I.R.Iran have been portrayed based on variables such as: subjects, reprinted, publishers activity, publication time, gender, translators activity at different areas of physical education and MoreUsing bibliometric, the history of overall circumstances of translated books in I.R.Iran have been portrayed based on variables such as: subjects, reprinted, publishers activity, publication time, gender, translators activity at different areas of physical education and sport sciences (physiology, sport management, psychology, biomechanics, motor learning and etc.) by 2009. The results shows that from 479 titles according to congress-sorting, there are 253 titles in sport, entertainment, games and dances category, 146 titles in medical, 58 in science, 11 in psychology, 3 in social sciences, 4 in housekeeping and finally, education category with 4 titles. It is concluded that, during different years by 2007, there was an improved trend in publication but after this period, publication process was decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - Trip Forecasting Process Modeling in Urban Transportation Planning Based on Hybrid Fuzzy Inference Approach
Javad Jassbi Payam MakvandiUrban Transportation Planning (UTP) has been one of the most important decisions in urban planning and development procedures in recent years. Meanwhile, accurate trip forecasting between two given regions of the city could be considered as the key success factor of urb MoreUrban Transportation Planning (UTP) has been one of the most important decisions in urban planning and development procedures in recent years. Meanwhile, accurate trip forecasting between two given regions of the city could be considered as the key success factor of urban transportation planning. Due to the importance of the problem, different models have been developed in the field. The overall problem of trip forecasting and transportation planning could be complicated because of its nature that results from the complicated nature of human behavior. Due to the complexity of the problem, it is always hard to develop forecasting models with acceptable forecasting errors and also low computational expenses particularly in developing countries in which historical data are not fully available. In this paper, a three phase fuzzy model is proposed to forecast trips flow between two given regions of a metropolitan based on mapping demographical and social variables to total number of trips flow. The overall model is to explore the subjective pattern of transportation experts and transfer the subjective model to a mathematical framework. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - Evaluating Relative Efficiency of Major Cargo Ports in the Middle East: The Integrated DEA-AP Approach
Azita Hajizadeh Seyed Nasser Saeidi Amer Kaabi Homayoun Yousefi Mostafa ZaredoostThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relative efficiency of major cargo ports in Middle East over the three-year period of 2011-2013. The research data were collected from scientific resources and input and output data from statistical yearbook of the Iranian ports MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relative efficiency of major cargo ports in Middle East over the three-year period of 2011-2013. The research data were collected from scientific resources and input and output data from statistical yearbook of the Iranian ports, maritime organization and formal website of each foreignport. Initially, the relative efficiency of ports was evaluated via two basic model of DEA-technique namely CCR-O and BCC-O and the ports were ranked accordingly using the 100% efficiency Anderson-peterson method. Based on the results of output- oriented CCR modelthatrepresents overall technical efficiency, Khorfakkan Port showed the highest and Bandar ImamKhomeini the lowest coefficient of efficiency during the given period. Based on the results of output- oriented BCC modelthatrepresents pure technical efficiency, Bushehr, Jebel Ali, KhorfakkanandAlexandria were found to have the highestandBandar ImamKhomeini the lowest coefficient of efficiency. Apart from Khorfakkan and Alexandriathat were underconstantreturns to scale, other ports were under variablereturns to scale. The scrutinized ports revealed an average of 54.3%, in technical efficiency and an average of 73% in pure technical efficiency during 2011-2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - Investigating and Identifying some Factors Effective on the Development of Women's Sports Marketing in West Azerbaijan Province
Mohammad rahim Najaf zadeh Farkh lega Njafzadeh Mehdi Rostami Jhela MorseliThe purpose of the present study was to identify and assess some factors affecting the development of Women's Sports marketing in WestAzerbaijanProvince from the viewpoint of the managers of Women's Sport clubs as well as the experts and managers of the physical educati MoreThe purpose of the present study was to identify and assess some factors affecting the development of Women's Sports marketing in WestAzerbaijanProvince from the viewpoint of the managers of Women's Sport clubs as well as the experts and managers of the physical education offices in WestAzarbaijanProvince. The statistical population consisted of the managers and coaches of Women's sports clubs (60 people) and managers and experts of the physical education offices in WestAzarbaijan Province(50 people), (N=110). The research tools was a questionnaire comprising 45 closed questions, the validity and reliability of which had already been confirmed (α=0.95). The results of factor analysis of the data indicated that 11 factors (sponsorship, place management and distribution channels, product management, process management, pricing management, the powers governing the markets and media, physical evidence, public relations management, motivational factors, the expectations of spectators and fans, and validation of teams) were the most important factors affecting the development of women's sports marketing in West Azerbaijan Province. It is necessary that the attention and investment of the head office of physical department as well as the managers of women's sports clubs and sports marketers of the province by focused on these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - Obstacles of Attracting Sponsorship in the Sport Industry of East Azarbaijan Province
Mir Hassan Seyyed Ameri Mehrdad Moharramzadeh Mehdi Bashiri Hamdollh HadiSponsorship has become a vital part of funding for a wide range of sporting, artistic, and social events. Sponsorship has been increasing as an element of marketing communications. However, there are obstacles to attracting sponsors in the sport industry. The present st MoreSponsorship has become a vital part of funding for a wide range of sporting, artistic, and social events. Sponsorship has been increasing as an element of marketing communications. However, there are obstacles to attracting sponsors in the sport industry. The present study investigates the obstacles to attracting sponsorship in the sport industry of East Azarbaijan Province. The data collection instrument was a highly reliable researcher-made questionnaire (α=0.813). The statistical population of this study was all the managers of factories and private companies, club managers and sport headquarters in East Azarbaijan. The data were analyzed through the descriptive as well as the non-parametric U-Mann-Whitney inferential statistics with P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - رابطهسبکهای رهبری مربیان با رضایتمندی دانشجویان ورزشکار دانشگاههای آزاد استان کرمانشاه
گلمراد مرادی عیسی اکبریهدف این مطالعه بررسی رابطه بین سبکهای رهبری مربیان با رضایتمندی دانشجویان ورزشکار دانشگاههای آزاد استان کرمانشاه است. این مطالعه با استفاده از طرحی توصیفی تحلیل و با استفاده از روش پیمایشی و ابزار پرسشنامه انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری آن کلیه ورزشکاران و مربیان دانشگاههای Moreهدف این مطالعه بررسی رابطه بین سبکهای رهبری مربیان با رضایتمندی دانشجویان ورزشکار دانشگاههای آزاد استان کرمانشاه است. این مطالعه با استفاده از طرحی توصیفی تحلیل و با استفاده از روش پیمایشی و ابزار پرسشنامه انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری آن کلیه ورزشکاران و مربیان دانشگاههای آزاداسلامی استان کرمانشاه میباشد. در این مطالعه از 200 ورزشکار و 120 نفر مربی به عنوان نمونه مورد مطالعه استفاده گردید که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران مشخص و با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده گزینش شدند. جهت برآورد روایی از روایی صوری و برای برآورد پایایی از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. نتایج با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS21 و Amos21 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل نشان میدهد که بین میزان رضایتمندی و سبک رهبری در بعد آموزشی (56/0r=)، همبستگی در بعد سبک رهبری آمرانه (44/0r=)، در بعد سبک رهبری دموکراسی(53/0r=)، در بعد سبک رهبری حمایتی(47/0r=) و در بعد سبک رهبری بازخورد مثبت(43/0r=) میباشد. یافتههای برآورد مدل نشان میدهد که نسبت کای اسکوئر به درجه آزادی برابر(02/2)، مجموعه ریشه میانگین مجذور باقیماندهها(RMR)برابر(32/0)، شاخص CFIبرابر 77/0 و شاخص برازش تطبیقی مقتصد برابر 66/0 و همچنین شاخص ریشه دوم میانگین مربعات برابر 055/0 میباشد که برازش مدل را مورد تأیید قرار میدهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - Investigating Patterns of Spending Leisure Time with Emphasis on Physical Activities and Sport (Case Study: Female Teaching Staff, Students, and Office Staff at Ilam University)
Shamseddin Rezaei -
Open Access Article
456 - Investigating the Influence of the Knowledge Industry and Culture Industry on Tendency toward Sports (A Case Study of Youth in Bandar Abbas)
Mohamad Mahdi Arghavan khalil Mirzaei Alieh Shekarbeigy -
Open Access Article
457 - A Study on the Difference of Social Capital among the Youth Emphasizing on Sport Participation
Ali Rahmani Firouzjah Mahmoud Sharepour Sedigheh Rezaei Pasha -
Open Access Article
458 - A Sociology Study of Effective Factors in Public Health
Fakhrol-Sadat Piltan Farzaneh Qaneie -
Open Access Article
459 - The Effect of Participation Pattern on Sport Activities of I.A.U of Kermanshah Branch
Arash Ziapour Neda Kiyanipour -
Open Access Article
460 - Application of prefabricated strategies in the airport based on sustainable transportation approach (Case Study: Imam Khomeini International Airport (RA))
Alireza Jabarizadegan Khosro DaneshjooIntroduction: Nowadays, with the advancement of new technologies in airport design, the traditional methods of airport construction do not meet the needs of modern man, and the need for prefabricated construction is felt more than ever. On the other hand, the use of p MoreIntroduction: Nowadays, with the advancement of new technologies in airport design, the traditional methods of airport construction do not meet the needs of modern man, and the need for prefabricated construction is felt more than ever. On the other hand, the use of prefabricated strategies leads to the realization of sustainable transportation goals, which has not been considered in the design of airports in the country. This issue is very important in Imam Khomeini International Airport (RA) due to its special and strategic location. In the design of the said airport, an attempt was made to use modern architectural methods, regardless of the socio-cultural indicators of the area, and due to its distance from the city center, from an economic and environmental point of view, there are also adverse effects in achieving the goals of sustainable transportation. Methodology: In this research, after reviewing specialized texts in the field of airport design, modern methods of pre-fabrication, as well as the importance of sustainable transportation approach, approaches and indicators of airport design in order to promote sustainable transportation based on the application of the method. New prefabs are examined and extracted. This research, which is practical from the point of view of the goal, and the type of research is a combination, and a quantitative-qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical method of field and survey studies has been used. The required indicators of the research were extracted from the study and review of specialized texts and were given to 50 experts in the fields of architecture, urban planning and aviation in the form of a questionnaire. The method of data analysis is using t-test, Friedman, factor analysis and structural equation modeling method. In this part of the research, smartpls3 and spss20 software were used. Results: The "economic" dimension with an average rating of 2.73 plays the most impact from the point of view of realizing the goals of sustainable architecture through modern methods of prefabrication. In the following, the "biological-environmental" dimension with an average ranking of 1.94 and then the "social-cultural" dimension with an average ranking of 1.33 respectively have the greatest impact on the realization of sustainable architecture goals through pre-construction strategies in the design of airports. Conclusion: The attention of the majority of experts and designers is generally on the economic and environmental aspects of modern pre-fabrication methods, and from the perspective of socio-cultural aspects. and its alignment with the mentioned component is not given the necessary attention, therefore, one of the main reasons for the lack of success and progress of pre-fabrication methods in the design of airports in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development can be attributed to the lack of attention of designers and city officials to He knew the socio-cultural component and related indicators. Therefore, in addition to the two environmental and economic components, we should use the socio-cultural component and its indicators in the design of airports in order to have more social acceptability and, as a result, a smoother path towards the realization of sustainable development goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - Identifying the effective factors on improving the architecture of sports spaces in schools
Mohammad Dana Salem Mohammad Seayvan Nouri khabat iranipanahAccording to the statistics, the sports and physical activity of the students is not at an appropriate level. Lack of physical activity among students is a global problem: students spend most of their time in school, which significantly reduces the amount of daily physi MoreAccording to the statistics, the sports and physical activity of the students is not at an appropriate level. Lack of physical activity among students is a global problem: students spend most of their time in school, which significantly reduces the amount of daily physical activity as they sit in class for long periods of time. Physical education lessons and coaches alone cannot be enough to motivate students to exercise, sports equipment and facilities are also necessary to help motivate students. This requires an environment that is conducive to their interest. In the world, there is in average of 5.2 square meters of sports space per student, but in our country, it is only 0.17 square meters. Lack of students’s physical activity endangers the physical and mental health of the society and this makes researches necessary in order to find the factors and solutions that lead to the increase of sports and physical activity of students. So these were the questions: What spaces encourage physical activity and sports from the students, principals, and teachers point of view? What features should this space have to encourage physical and sports activities? The purpose of this research was to identify spatial factors that enhance sports and physical activity from the students, principals and teachers point of view, so that schools can be actively designed and the school environment supports the students' sports activities.This research was based theoretically on behaviorism which deals with the relationship between environment and behavior and focused on the case study of the second cycle all-boys high schools in Marivan. The method of this research was to quantitatively collect the views of students, principals and teachers through a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this research was the principals, assistants, and sports teachers in one group, and the students of less and more deprived schools in terms of space and sports fields in another group. The answers were analyzed using SPSS 26 software. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The KMO test was used to check the factor loading of the questions. A significant test (t) was conducted between the group of principals and vice-presidents of schools, with the group of school sports teachers and physical education experts, as well as among less and more benefited students in terms of school sports environment.The results showed that The first priority from the students' point of view is the hardness of most school sports fields (especially the asphalt type, due to the separation of asphalt particles from the ground during sports use), the presence of obstacles near the sports fields, the lack of sufficient and suitable space for the fields. Depending on the sports field and the number of students, they have fully felt the lack of security during sports activities and have experienced the injuries and problems that have occurred. According to Maslow's Pyramid Of Needs, the need for security is one of the most basic and important basic needs of every human being. So, students need a safe and risk-free environment to increase their interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
462 - Investigating the barriers to participation in student sports activities during the home quarantine period of the COVID virus_19
Tahereh gholami Samira Akbari Javad Adabi Firouzjah Hossein Ali MohammadiIntroduction:Identifying barriers to sports participation during corona outbreaks is essential to enhance student participation in sports activities. The present study examined the barriers to participation in sports activities during the home quarantine of the Covid_19 MoreIntroduction:Identifying barriers to sports participation during corona outbreaks is essential to enhance student participation in sports activities. The present study examined the barriers to participation in sports activities during the home quarantine of the Covid_19 virus (second semester 98-99 students of Qom University).Methods:This research is a descriptive-analytical and survey type and has been done as an online call. The statistical population included all students in the second semester of 98-99. Finally, 200 people participated in this study as a sample and answered the questionnaire. The questionnaire was a five-point Likert scale whose face and content validity was confirmed by 12 professors of sports management and its reliability was calculated in a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha (0.82) from heuristic orthogonal rotation factor analysis to identify factors. Used in the exploratory factor analysis, out of 21 questions in the barrier questionnaire, 21 questions with appropriate factor loading were divided into four factors: environmental, psychological, intrapersonal and time constraints.Results: Environmental factor with an average of 26.90 was the most important factor and time limit with an average of 9.87 was the least important factor. The factors obtained in this study were determined based on the following criteria: a) Initial knowledge of the number of factors based on article review, b) Selection of factors based on specific values greater than 1, c) Using the criterion to describe variance e) Ability to understand adapted factors. Conclusion: Paying attention to the factors (obstacles) identified in this research and removing them can provide the ground for more students to participate in sports activities during the home quarantine of the Covid_19 virus or other similar conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
463 - Assessment and Evaluation of Disability Indicators Using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Model (FAHP) (Case Study: Taleghani Ave. Ahwaz)
Saeed Amanpour Benjamin Barati Mashhadi yousef mahaliThe pathway is the epitome of the civil life of the city and the place of occurrence of events and social activities of citizens in urban life. Proper design and expansion not only make the social life richer, but also, taking into account the complexities and problems MoreThe pathway is the epitome of the civil life of the city and the place of occurrence of events and social activities of citizens in urban life. Proper design and expansion not only make the social life richer, but also, taking into account the complexities and problems of urban transportation in contemporary cities, is a step towards solving traffic problems and moving cities to human-centered transportation leads to. Accordingly, this paper evaluates the disadvantages of Taleghani street in Ahvaz city. This research tries to answer the question using descriptive-analytical and survey method which one of the indicators of physical disability (physical, functional and functional) in order to increase the quality of Taleghani street pedestrian has a higher priority. In this regard, based on FAHP Model (Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy) and using pedestrian comments, each of the indicators and indicators that have been effective in improving the quality of Taleghani pedestrians has been evaluated. The results show that the physical index with the score of 0.570 has the highest share in implementation and the next rank is the perceptual index with the score of 289.0 and finally the functional index with the lowest score of 141. Using the results of our analysis and analysis, we conclude that physical indices are of higher importance than other indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
464 - Analysis of factors affecting the sustainability of urban transport systems available to the user tourism in District 22 of Tehran Municipality, case study of the Lake Persian Gulf
Ameneh Jori Rahim Sarvar Zahra PishgahifardProper interaction in system stability resulting in metropolis in it. So knowledge of factors affecting sustainability; are important to achieving this. In this paper, both in the urban system and the interaction between them is of particular interest; Urban transport a MoreProper interaction in system stability resulting in metropolis in it. So knowledge of factors affecting sustainability; are important to achieving this. In this paper, both in the urban system and the interaction between them is of particular interest; Urban transport and urban tourism in the context of the metropolis of Tehran, In the area of 22 municipalities, Sphere of influence in the Persian Gulf Martyrs lake (Lake Cheetgar). Accordingly, after considering the factors affecting the sustainability of transportation systems in connection with tourism, Through statistical analysis of these components, but in four major indicators discussed. The research method was descriptive analyzes that In which data collection is based on questionnaires that was distributed Among experts and specialists in the fields of urban planning, transport and tourism traffic . The population of about 100 people who have been elected by non-random purposive And to analyze data collected from software SPSS22 And statistical methods are used t-test and Friedman test. The test results show that the four criteria of sustainability study(Environmental, social, economic, and transportation), Lack of stability is required And the factors affecting sustainability, environmental criteria have been most affected And standard of transportation with minimal impact on system stability assessment of transportation District 22 of Tehran's access to the Persian Gulf Martyrs lake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - Evaluation Sustainable urban within transport Case study: (neighborhoods, Velenjak & Tajrish)
Zohreh Fani Saeed Zarghami Hasan Mohammadian Fatemeh ZarghamiSustainable urban transport in mental mobility for people and goods and Vehicles. In addition to satisfying the needs easy access and movement within and intergenerational justice and environmental sustainability is concerned. This study selected neighborhoods Tajrish ( MoreSustainable urban transport in mental mobility for people and goods and Vehicles. In addition to satisfying the needs easy access and movement within and intergenerational justice and environmental sustainability is concerned. This study selected neighborhoods Tajrish (with access to public transportation and a variety of activities and uses) and neighborhood Velenjak (with few facilities and public transport networks and the particular topography) is to study comparative to measure sustainable urban transport in the neighborhood. The research, based on descriptive – analytical in the first step, the formulation and development of indicators and sub-indicators of sustainable transport within the city in faces economic, social and environment. To determine the research of experts and residents of the neighborhood were used. AHP model to analyze the opinions of experts and a questionnaire was used to study the field. Finally, the analysis of statistical tests and analysis of variance to assess the implementation of these measures in the areas of test two independent T-Test is used. Analysis shows that the index in the areas of environment, transport Velenjak in the neighborhood of the poor conditions are more favorable social indicators. However, the level of socio-economic stability, but higher transportation Tajrish in the community is at a disadvantage in terms of the environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - Assessment of Citizens Satisfaction with Urban Bus driving System (Case Study:Maragheh city )
Hooshang Sarvar mahtab amraeiToday, buses are the most important means of public transportation in most citiesof our country, as well as in most developing countries. There is little investmentneeded to launch a bus; and it does not depend on a specific route compared to other mass transit systems. MoreToday, buses are the most important means of public transportation in most citiesof our country, as well as in most developing countries. There is little investmentneeded to launch a bus; and it does not depend on a specific route compared to other mass transit systems. It can be developed and changed. It also has a lower level of urban space compared to other vehicles; it is a priority in terms of cost savings and urban bus traffic reduction for many vehicles. In this study, in order to evaluate the satisfaction of Maragheh citizens from the interurban bus system, 200 people were selected as sample in each region of the city. Data were analyzed by SPSS and Minitab software and data output through the test T single-sample and ANOVA tests, and these results were achieved; most users of urban buses are women, educated people, and people with an income of less than one million. In the first hypothesis, the data output was calculated through a single-sample Ttest, it was found that there are some satisfactions in such cases as: bus timing, time saving, security for women, reduced traffic, reduced pollution, etc. However, there is not enough satisfaction in such cases as: drivers' behavior, ticket costs, and the number of stations. In the second hypothesis, using ANOVA, it was found that there is a difference between the different regions of the city in terms of satisfaction with the intercity bus system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - Evaluating the Physical-environmental Dimensions of Internal Transportation Network Resilience and its Relevance with Sustainable Environmental Development
Akram Alimohammadi Sadroddin motevalli Azita RajabiThe purpose of present article was to evaluate the physical- environmental dimensions of internal transportation network resilience and its relevance with sustainable environmental development in Tehran district one. The present research is functional in purpose and sur MoreThe purpose of present article was to evaluate the physical- environmental dimensions of internal transportation network resilience and its relevance with sustainable environmental development in Tehran district one. The present research is functional in purpose and survey analytic in data collection form. The sample group are 100 expert and specialists of internal transportation management field of Tehran district one in purposeful sampling method, and 400 citizens living in ten regions of Tehran municipality district one during 2019 who were selected in stratified-ratio method through Cochran formula and participated in the study. The data collection process was done in library method through researcher made questionnaire. The factor analysis technique was used to define resilience dimensions, one sample t-test was utilized to determine the existing status and Friedman test was applied for ranking the dimensions. The obtained results revealed the dimensions of internal transportation network resilience in relevance with sustainable environmental development consisting of environmental sustainability, infrastructures and strengthening, urban texture, accessibility and regional lands usage. In addition, the results of one sample t-test demonstrated an average or low status of physical- environmental resilience of internal transportation network and its dimensions in the field of study in relation with sustainable environmental development. According to the received evidences of evaluating the existing status, through proper and efficient planning process, it would be possible to eliminate existing weaknesses of physical- environmental factors and increase its relevance with sustainable environmental development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
468 - Analysis and study of citizens' travel behavior in the middle cities of Iran and its comparison with developed countries (Case study of Birjand)
Yadollah Gholampoor Korosh Afzali Morteza Araghi Mohammad Hasan GhanifarAbstractThis paper presents a conceptual framework for research on travel behavior by defining the scope of the research goal and conceptualizing the traveler as a transport network actor in terms of infrastructure, human networks, and addressing the social content of a MoreAbstractThis paper presents a conceptual framework for research on travel behavior by defining the scope of the research goal and conceptualizing the traveler as a transport network actor in terms of infrastructure, human networks, and addressing the social content of activities. Also, the study and analysis of passenger behavior in the middle cities of Iran (Birjand), including the frequency of travel of different people per day, the purpose of travel and mode selection is presented. Then, the differences between Birjand city in Iran and developed countries (USA, UK and Netherlands) in passenger behavior are compared, and the obtained data are analyzed. This research is of a fundamental type and its method is a combination (quantitative-qualitative) in the form of survey, descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the study is selected from the users of Birjand public transportation network and the statistical sample size is selected based on Cochran's formula, during which 389 people including 202 men and 187 women are selected. The results show that people over the age of 60 choose to go shopping, entertainment and physical education more than those under the age of 60. Women shop more than men, on the contrary, more men choose entertainment and physical education than women. As people get older, more and more people choose walking as the main mode of travel, and less people choose bicycles or motor cars to travel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
469 - Locating Sports Complexes with Passive Defense Approach Using Geographic Information System (GIS) (Case Study: Ahvaz City)
esmaeel veisiaThe city of Ahvaz, as the seventh metropolis of Iran, is known as one of the important cities of Iran with its centrality of industries, political centrality, border and security position, ethnic and social cultural diversity, but attention to the issue of passive urban MoreThe city of Ahvaz, as the seventh metropolis of Iran, is known as one of the important cities of Iran with its centrality of industries, political centrality, border and security position, ethnic and social cultural diversity, but attention to the issue of passive urban defense has been neglected in it. has been Sports complexes are also among the important uses during crises and damage in cities. The purpose of this research is to locate sports complexes with passive defense approach using geographic information system in Ahvaz city. Therefore, paying attention to the role of sports uses in creating mobility and reducing the psychological pressures of urbanization, a suitable framework should be provided in order to choose suitable sports places and distribute them in the whole city with the aim of reducing damages during a crisis.Therefore, paying attention to the role of sports uses in creating mobility and reducing the psychological pressures of urbanization, a suitable framework should be provided in order to choose suitable sports places and distribute them in the whole city with the aim of reducing damages during a crisis. Therefore, from the point of view of passive urban defense, the need to pay attention to the proper distribution and placement of vital uses, including sports complexes, is inevitable for the city of Ahvaz. In this research, it has been tried to determine appropriate criteria based on the available sources in order to identify and determine the optimal location of sports complexes based on the passive defense approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. In order to achieve the goals of the research, it has been done by using spatial data and performing relevant analyzes in the geographic information system and multi-criteria decision-making model SAW. In the next step, the indicators were weighted using the AHP-FUZZY questionnaire. Thus, the statistical population of this research is the experts of the urban area of Ahvaz city and the sample size is 30 experts through theoretical saturation. The results of the research showed that 0.60% of the city area is completely unsuitable, 3.74% is unsuitable, 21.44% is average, 46.92% is suitable and 27.30% is completely unsuitable. The final results of the research showed that the central and northern parts of Ahvaz city are suitable areas for locating sports complexes and these parts can be used to build sports complexes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - Explaining the Pattern of Public Transportation Network Based on the Travel Behavior of Citizens in Birjand City
Yadollah Gholampoor Korosh Afzali Morteza Araghi Mohammad Hasan GhanifarThe 20th century has focused on facilitating the movement of motor vehicles in planning transportation and traffic in cities. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the travel behavior of citizens and prepare a conceptual framework about travel behavior. MoreThe 20th century has focused on facilitating the movement of motor vehicles in planning transportation and traffic in cities. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the travel behavior of citizens and prepare a conceptual framework about travel behavior. The purpose of this research is to explain the model of the public transportation network based on the travel behavior of citizens, so this research is of a fundamental type and based on the theory derived from the data (foundational data theory) which is an inductive and exploratory research method. Is. The first information was collected through library documents, including the study of other researches, as well as existing theoretical frameworks and transportation network patterns in different cities and countries, field observations (questionnaires), semi-structured interviews, and note-taking. The statistical population of the research was 389 people, including 202 men and 187 women. The results indicate that men travel more frequently for work, entertainment and physical training than women. On the contrary, women make more shopping trips than men. With increasing age, older people choose walking as the main mode of travel, and fewer people choose bicycles or cars for travel. Also, factors such as access to public transportation (0.266), transportation demand management (0.195), bicycle and pedestrian conditions (0.123) have the greatest impact on the movement pattern of citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
471 - Strategic Thinking of Managers in the Private Sport Clubs
Mohammad Ali Jahandideh Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Razavi -
Open Access Article
472 - Zoning of road accident-prone to determine the black spots by using GIS(Case Malayer, Hamedan path)
mohammad rahmaniTo determine the zoning of road accidents black spots using GIS (case study Malayer, Hamedan path)1-dr. Mohammad Rahmani.faculty member, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan mohammad.rahmani1@gmail.com-091881121762- tahereh mahyaye Tehrani.graduate degree in urban geography MoreTo determine the zoning of road accidents black spots using GIS (case study Malayer, Hamedan path)1-dr. Mohammad Rahmani.faculty member, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan mohammad.rahmani1@gmail.com-091881121762- tahereh mahyaye Tehrani.graduate degree in urban geography PNUAbstractTransport from the perspective of different science concepts are varied, and can be examined from different aspects.One of the most important issues in the field of urban planning urban transport is considered an important subject of road accidents and the factors that play a role in its onset.The researchers in this study as an applied research conducted to collect accident information and harvest field of Malayer in Hamedan points along the way for direct observation and analysis on the aerial imagery of the region is. Researcher in this study to determine the exact points between 92 and 91 initially random and then information about the classification category and is entered in the database software Arc GisThe results of analysis using GIS and mapping software to just point and mapped out a route feature in the form of functional maps ,Finally, the Hamedan - Malayer in four-spectrum, safe, relatively safe, dangerous and accident-prone zoning and necessary measures to reduce road accidents is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - An Analysis of the Role of Urban Density in Transportation (A Case Study of Ilam)
ramezan karami moslem rostamiHigh-rise building and spatial developmental strategy in height as a result of population growth and the lack of suitable land for the building of recent decades have increased particularly in large cities. In Ilam, like most cities in Iran, the most important political MoreHigh-rise building and spatial developmental strategy in height as a result of population growth and the lack of suitable land for the building of recent decades have increased particularly in large cities. In Ilam, like most cities in Iran, the most important political and commercial centers are included in the center of this old city. The central part of the urban structure and distribution have always attracted travelers because of large amount of attractions. In this study, the functional effects of the building density on the transportation network in central context of Ilam have been analyzed. This study using developmental-functional approach and a combination of research methods (descriptive, analytical and field study) investigates this issue in Ilam. For analysis of the findings Visio, Crafer, and ArcGis software have been used coupled with entropy technique. The results of the research revealed the weaknesses in access, the inappropriate structure of the urban transportation network, the spatial position of utilization, the excessive building density in the old urban texture, the failure of the public transportation system, and the inconsistency of pedestrian traffic and vehicles in the urban structures in Ilam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - The Feasibility of Capabilities of Karoon River in Establishing and Deploying Leisure-Time Places and Water Sports in Ahvaz
Mohammad Mohammadnzhad Abbas MalekHoseiniSome cities have different roles due to their geographical and natural location and trough the formation of rivers. In some cities, such as Ahvaz, since ancient times, with the construction of a dam on the Karun River, the transfer of water for agricultural purposes, dr MoreSome cities have different roles due to their geographical and natural location and trough the formation of rivers. In some cities, such as Ahvaz, since ancient times, with the construction of a dam on the Karun River, the transfer of water for agricultural purposes, drinking, mills and transportation of commercial goods of citizens have been common. The purpose this research is to study the current situation and feasibility study of the potentials and capabilities of spatial, economic, recreational and services appropriate to the population adjacent to Karoon river in Ahvaz. The method of this research is analytical and descriptive and the necessary data were collected through observation, interview, questionnaire and also using documents such as map, statistics, book, article, report. The random sampling method was applied in five municipal districts adjacent to Karoon and two environments, namely, educational and academic ones, were selected to achieve the results of the study. The results of the study showed that in spite of the lack of preparation near Karoon river, the existing potentials and capabilities of the city have not been appropriately tapped. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Study the Effect of Public Transportation Expansion on Housing Price Using the Hedonic Model (A Case Study of Kermanshah)
Marjan movahed Hojat SheikhiLand and housing prices are subject to various factors and conditions. Therefore, prices are different in different times and places. In other words, at the level of a city, land and housing prices are different from one region to another based on local and socio-econom MoreLand and housing prices are subject to various factors and conditions. Therefore, prices are different in different times and places. In other words, at the level of a city, land and housing prices are different from one region to another based on local and socio-economic characteristics. The change in prices is one of the most visible economic reflections of intervention in physical tissue of the cities. Public transport is one of the essential services of today’s cities and ensuring that it is delivered efficiently and effectively is one of the priorities of many cities. The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of expansion of public transport on housing price using Hedonic model in the neighborhoods of Kasra, 22 Bahman and Towns of Maskan and Moallem in Kermanshah. This research is applied in which correlation method and Hedonic function were used. The effects of independent variable and dependent variables were evaluated using field studies. Thirteen variables were used of which physical condition, situation and access can be mentioned. Eviews and SPSS software were used to analyze the data and estimate the model. The obtained results showed that the coefficients of all the understudy variables were statistically meaningful. Since the p-value for all variables was less than 0.05, so there is a meaningful relationship between the price of residential units and the studied variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - The Impact of Implementing Developmental Stimulating Projects on Improving the Physical Conditions of Residential Environments (A Case Study of Limjir Neighborhood in Isfahan)
Mahin Nastaran Mahsa Fatahian Ahmad RahimiOne of the new concepts in urban planning is regeneration using the urban catalyst approach and it is used as a tool to regenerate the existing urban fabrics. Urban regeneration and catalyst project drives have different dimensions from the physical ones on which this s MoreOne of the new concepts in urban planning is regeneration using the urban catalyst approach and it is used as a tool to regenerate the existing urban fabrics. Urban regeneration and catalyst project drives have different dimensions from the physical ones on which this study has focused. After reviewing the characteristics of urban catalyst projects, the physical indices were identified. Then, the physical changes in the residential environment of the Limjir neighborhood located in the 11th district of Isfahan before and after the construction of Limjir street as a catalyst project during the years 2009 to 2016, were evaluated and analyzed using a variety of methods, library, and field measurement methods. Then, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process model (AHP) weighting, scoring, and calculation of the integration index in two conditions before and after implementation of the catalyst project is addressed. A comparison of index values in two periods 2009 and 2016 shows that the construction of Limjir Street causes the development and improvement of the physical status of the Limjir neighborhood. Also, the calculation and comparison of the integration index show that the physical condition of the Limjir neighborhood has improved by 0.308 in comparison to the situation before the construction of the catalyst project in 1388. Factors such as improving access to Limjir street, investment in the housing sector and extensive construction, increased service, and mixing of land uses have had the highest share in creating positive changes in the Limjir neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - Skeleton-physical structure and its role in urban traffic (case study Boroujerd city)
Asghar Nazareyan Davood GoodarziTraffic is an important urban challenge that cities of developing countries face it.Traffic problem is resulted from the increasing growth of urbanization and the inefficiency of the skeleton and physical development of cities in the vertical and horizontal MoreTraffic is an important urban challenge that cities of developing countries face it.Traffic problem is resulted from the increasing growth of urbanization and the inefficiency of the skeleton and physical development of cities in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Furthermore, the increasing number of vehicles and unsuitable passage network system as well as the ravage of the city's public transport system and unsuitable localization of land use in the city level, especially transportation equipment jam in the central part of the city can be considered as gravity point and attraction for travel during day which help devastating the city’s potentials. Boroujerd is located among the medium sized cities in Iranian urban network system, which with respect to the design of city, has a centralized form and traffic problem. The problems of such cities are fairly clear in the central part of city. This city, despite of its physical development and growth, has ignored central inappropriate localization of transportation vehicles as well as city facilities such as businesses, educational and administrative services and health services which are centralized in the center of city. The passage network in this medium urban city doesn't have enough capacity for daily population and vehicles transportation. In order to evaluate the potential effects of these pressing problems, the present research has deployed software, namely ArcGIS،AuTOCAD ،Excel،SPSS to investigate the problem. The collected information was analyzed in order to distinguish the most problematic areas which need immediate concern. The results of this research showed that the communication networks and urban transportation system have meaningful relationship with physical skeleton and space pattern of the city. The skeleton structure of the city and passage network land use and public transportation system were recognized as unsuitable among main factors which had led to the current condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - The Role of Foot Bridge in Social-traffic Discipline and Safety Case study :( Kerman city)
Abolfazl Ghanbari Fariba Karami Seyyed Ahmad HeydariniaTraffic in various cities depending on the social, cultural, and industrial and urbanity pertinence of that situation have different reasons. Excessive population growth and quick increase of the number of vehicles in our country and on the other hand, fixed physical st MoreTraffic in various cities depending on the social, cultural, and industrial and urbanity pertinence of that situation have different reasons. Excessive population growth and quick increase of the number of vehicles in our country and on the other hand, fixed physical structure and quality of pathways and streets, and the transformation states, leads to vehicle compressibility in communicative routes. Kerman as one of the metropolises in Iran is not an exception. Since one of main traffic problems of Kerman is related to cultural issue for encouraging people to use Foot Bridge, the main objective of this research is to study the existing bridge’s condition and analyze its efficiency. In an analytical and descriptive research through testing the null hypothesis , the quantitative results of which was verified by the collected qualitative data, the researcher attempted to determine the perception of the citizens of the efficiency of the existing footbridges. The findings revealed that citizens believes that existing structure of footbridge can't be helpful in reducing the traffic density in communicative routes in Kerman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - The Role of Foot Bridge in Social-traffic Discipline and Safety Case study :( Kerman city)
Hojjat Allah SharafiTraffic in various cities depending on the social, cultural, and industrial and urbanity pertinence of that situation have different reasons. Excessive population growth and quick increase of the number of vehicles in our country and on the other hand, fixed physical st MoreTraffic in various cities depending on the social, cultural, and industrial and urbanity pertinence of that situation have different reasons. Excessive population growth and quick increase of the number of vehicles in our country and on the other hand, fixed physical structure and quality of pathways and streets, and the transformation states, leads to vehicle compressibility in communicative routes. Kerman as one of the metropolises in Iran is not an exception. Since one of main traffic problems of Kerman is related to cultural issue for encouraging people to use Foot Bridge, the main objective of this research is to study the existing bridge’s condition and analyze its efficiency. In an analytical and descriptive research through testing the null hypothesis , the quantitative results of which was verified by the collected qualitative data, the researcher attempted to determine the perception of the citizens of the efficiency of the existing footbridges. The findings revealed that citizens believes that existing structure of footbridge can't be helpful in reducing the traffic density in communicative routes in Kerman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Study of Cable Transit as a Public Urban Transportation to Reduce Traffic in Major Cities
Iran Ahour Sara mousavi Sepideh mousaviAccess to safe, convenient, low-cost transport is a natural right of every citizen and this determines the quality of life in urban areas. Cable Propelled Transit (CPT) is a transportation technology that moves people in motor-less, engine-less vehicles that are propell MoreAccess to safe, convenient, low-cost transport is a natural right of every citizen and this determines the quality of life in urban areas. Cable Propelled Transit (CPT) is a transportation technology that moves people in motor-less, engine-less vehicles that are propelled by a steel cable. The two main CPT configurations include Top-Supported systems (vehicles/cabins supported from above) and Bottom-Supported systems (cabins supported from below via tracks).Monocable Detachable Gondola (MDG) is the most basic and common CPT systems used for urban transit installations. This technology utilizes a single cable which provides both propulsion and support. Since the cable line circulates continuously around two end terminals, MDGs are classed as continuously circulating systems. An MDG’s detachable grip enables cabins to detach from the propulsion cable upon entering a station and reattaching when exiting. MDG cabins typically seat 8 passengers but can have capacities ranging anywhere from 4-15 riders. They are increasingly popular forms of public transportation due to their high reliability, modest capacities and relative low cost and quick implementation times. Technical Stats Application: MDG systems are well-suited and easily adapted to the urban environment whether it’s built on challenging topography or flat land. In large cities, they typically complement rapid transit trunk lines by functioning as feeder systems. However, in smaller cities with lower transport demands, they can operate as a primary transportation line.MDG systems are also the most common tourist-oriented gondola systems found in cities. This paper tries to offer cable transit system to control a part of urban traffic congestion and facilitate movement of people along with other urban transit systems to facilitate commuting. Therefore, as in our country there is not an applied example of cable transit system as a public urban system and we only use this system as a tourism system and as a twin winter mostly applied, we implemented two successful experiences in Colombia and Venezuela, to analyses the advantage of this system. After analyses Measurement and Assess of the Practicality of the project in city if it was possible, we would propose it to city council. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Reacting to “Failure and Triumph” among Iranian Soccer Coaches: A CDA outlook of the sports media language
Marzieh Nezakat-Alhossaini Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi -
Open Access Article
482 - Effects of Line Defect on Electronic Transport of Double Gate Armchair Graphene Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistors: a Simulation Study
Mohammad Bagher Nasrollahnejad Parviz Keshavarzi‎ -
Open Access Article
483 - Explaining Organizational culture in sport
ali hajiani Fateme Hamidi Far abbas khorshidi amirhossein mahmoodiThe concept of organizational culture is formed in common and everyday language in sport, as concepts that strengthen the organizational problems of joint management. Sports organizations and coaches, athletes and their members are promising subjects for studying organi MoreThe concept of organizational culture is formed in common and everyday language in sport, as concepts that strengthen the organizational problems of joint management. Sports organizations and coaches, athletes and their members are promising subjects for studying organizational culture; Therefore, the purpose of this article was to review the narrative of organizational culture in sports; So, the purpose of this article was to review the narrative of organizational culture in sports. The selection of research paradigms, methods, interests, perspectives and definitions, and operationalization of organizational culture used in 38 studies were investigated. This issue highlights the diversity of studied ways of culture in sports and the wide range of interests investigated in this research, including informing the development of athletes, the relationship between the power of culture and organizational performance, and understanding the driving forces of organizational diversity. Contrary to the broader organizational culture literature, in sports it is preferred to assume culture as a variable to be manipulated within an organization. The opportunity to expand the approaches to studying organizational culture in sports is discussed, such as expanding the methods used to conduct studies, including coaches and athletes in the study people and using the perspective of dispersion, where ambiguity and conflict are considered in the understanding of culture. Keywords: Organizational Culture, Sport, Narrative review, Coaching, Management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Designing a Model for Selection and Implementation of Human Resource Planning Cycle among the Personnel of Sport Organizations
vali nowzari aboozar zare The present study conducted with the aim of designing a Model for Selection andImplementation of Human Resource Planning Cycle among the Personnel of Sport Organizationsin Fars Province. The statisticall sample and population of this study, consisted of senior man More The present study conducted with the aim of designing a Model for Selection andImplementation of Human Resource Planning Cycle among the Personnel of Sport Organizationsin Fars Province. The statisticall sample and population of this study, consisted of senior managersof Sport Organizations in Fars Province wich are 11 person. Interperetive structural modeling(ISM) technique was used to design model. A 21-item questionnaire was used for this purpose.Based on the designed model, service compensation, planning and Recruitment, performanceappraisal, and employee relations were placed into the first level of the designed model. Testingand hiring, training and development were placed into the first level of the designed model; andneeds analysis came in the third level of the model. Based on the Power of influence - power ofdependency chart, Needs analysis was in area 2; Compensation services, planning and staffing,testing and recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, and staff relations wereall included in Area 3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - Interactions of Transportation, Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Iran
mahsa kalantarzadeh fatemeh zandi Mohammad Khezri Bijan SafaviThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships between transportation (rail and air), economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Iran during the period 1362-1397 using time series data and the system of simultaneous equation approach. The findin MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships between transportation (rail and air), economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Iran during the period 1362-1397 using time series data and the system of simultaneous equation approach. The findings show a positive correlation between transportation (rail and air) and economic growth, as well as between transportation (rail and air) and carbon dioxide emissions. Another finding of this study is that economic growth has a significant effect on increasing carbon dioxide emissions, but increasing carbon dioxide emissions has no effect on economic growth. Based on the results, the creation and development of infrastructure related to the type of transportation in order to improve the country's economic growth is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - The impact of governance quality on the industrial export advantage
Hedayat Hatami Kaveh Derakhshani Darabi Dariush HassanvandThe purpose of this study is to identify the affecting factors of the industrial products export advantage with an emphasis on the governance quality. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and identifying the affecting variables of the export advantage, the r MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify the affecting factors of the industrial products export advantage with an emphasis on the governance quality. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and identifying the affecting variables of the export advantage, the relationship between variables is estimated with using the panel data models and data of 82 selected countries in the period of 2007-2018. The results showed that governance quality and the quality of transportation infrastructure had a positive and significant relationship with the industrial products export advantage index. Also, the coefficients of the real exchange rate and foreign direct investment are also positive and significant. Based on the results, institutional quality and good governance through creating a stable environment and reducing costs ultimately lead to improving the export advantage in industrial production. Based on the results, policy stability, transparency of laws and contracts, attention to property rights, as well as decisiveness and speed of contract enforcement are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
487 - Evaluation of Accelerated Vehicles Retirement Program by Game Theory Approach
hosein sadeghi eghlim tamriAir pollution and high consumption of energy carriers have led to perform programs like accelerated vehicle retirement program by the government in recent years. In this study, the researchers have tried to examine this program by Game Theory approach. To achieve the go MoreAir pollution and high consumption of energy carriers have led to perform programs like accelerated vehicle retirement program by the government in recent years. In this study, the researchers have tried to examine this program by Game Theory approach. To achieve the goal, firstly, a static game with complete information is planned by three players involving automaker, transportation and fuel staff and old cars owners. Then, by removing the automaker, the game will be continued by two players through specific strategies for each player. Then, by using existing data of the year 2012, the game is re-written by two players. At the balance of three players, old car owners and automakers tend to retire their old vehicle, but the amount of the facilities and cash payments for this program are low. By removing automaker, the balance happens where the car owners tend to retire their old cars and to implement the project, whereas the credits provided by the government is low. Due to the quick increase of car prices, the authorities must pay attention to develop more facilities for the complete success of the program. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - The Effect of Stadiums and Professional Sport Teams on Job Earnings in Iran
parviz mohammadzadeh farhad aziziAbstract During two past decades, the building of stadiums and sport projects has been greatly increased in American and European and even Asian countries. Today, as an effective and important factor, it plays a vital role directly and indirectly in the economic develo MoreAbstract During two past decades, the building of stadiums and sport projects has been greatly increased in American and European and even Asian countries. Today, as an effective and important factor, it plays a vital role directly and indirectly in the economic development of cities and countries when producing and consuming sports goods and services. This paper explores the impact of professional sports teams and stadiums on earning in private sector. To get the goal, such jobs as sporting goods stores, grocery stores, restaurants, inn, hotel, transportation and amusements are considered by a closer interaction with stadiums. This study tries to pay attention to such related sports as football and futsal during 2005-2007. The results indicate that there is no positive and significant relationship between the existence of professional teams and stadiums and the earnings of people in related jobs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Impact of Fleet Renovation on the Productivity of Iran’s Road Transportation Industry
farhad khodadad kashi samaneh nourani azad bahareh ghanbari The main purpose of this article is to evaluation the impact of fleet renovation on productivity of Iran’s road transportation industry. To meet this ends the data of the Iranian road transportation and the capital-embodied technical progress g More The main purpose of this article is to evaluation the impact of fleet renovation on productivity of Iran’s road transportation industry. To meet this ends the data of the Iranian road transportation and the capital-embodied technical progress growth model were used during 1353-1393. The results of capital inventory and labor coefficients showed that the return to scale in the Iran’s road transportation was constant. Also, in this sector, new investment and renovation increased moreover the average age of the fleet reduced and it has resulted to the growth rate of qualitative capital and productivity increased. Therefore, in Iran's road transportation, the direct relationship between fleet renovation and productivity is confirmed. So, the use of superior technology equipment and the replacement of fleets by new and advanced fleets are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - COVID19 and its impact on young athletes
yaser janbazBackground and Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted organized sport in the community, cancelled, modified or postponed as part of a strategy to reduce transmission of the virus. This has had a significant impact on young athletes in terms of psycho-social, movem MoreBackground and Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted organized sport in the community, cancelled, modified or postponed as part of a strategy to reduce transmission of the virus. This has had a significant impact on young athletes in terms of psycho-social, movement-physical considerations and their career development. Material and Methods: The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of covid-19 on young athletes. In this study, related articles from all databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, the system of prestigious scientific conferences, Magiran and Noor were examined. Also, in the process of searching for articles, the keywords of corona virus, covid 19, sports activity and corona virus, sports activity and the body's immune system, intense sports activity and the body's immune system were used. Results: Given the limitations of quarantine, the need to overcome inefficient national laws and conditions to provide medical care, finance and implement an effective vaccine program at the local, national and global levels, create adequate herd immunity and create the environment, this disorder is likely to continue for several years. Conclusion: This article will consider the temporal challenges related to the motor-physical and psycho-social importance of maintaining an active sports program for young athletes, that reflecting safety measures to modify sports equipment and environmental supports to allow safe participation in training and competition, and providing advice on gradual return-to-sport protocols for young athletes after contracting Covid-19. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - Study the effect of sports app characteristics on attitudes and behaviors of women's physical activity in Aliabad Katul city
mahmoud sheikh Hanzaleh Aloustaniاین پژوهش با استفاده از یک رویکرد کمی به بررسی اثر ویژگیهای اپهای ورزشی بر نگرش و رفتار فعالیتبدنی بانوان پرداخته است . بانوان شهرستان علیآباد کتول که دارای تجربه استفاده از انواع اپهای ورزشی بودند به عنوان جامعه آماری این پژوهش در نظرگرفته شدند که در نهایت 114 نفر Moreاین پژوهش با استفاده از یک رویکرد کمی به بررسی اثر ویژگیهای اپهای ورزشی بر نگرش و رفتار فعالیتبدنی بانوان پرداخته است . بانوان شهرستان علیآباد کتول که دارای تجربه استفاده از انواع اپهای ورزشی بودند به عنوان جامعه آماری این پژوهش در نظرگرفته شدند که در نهایت 114 نفر از آنها به عنوان نمونه به پرسشنامههای پژوهش پاسخ دادند. دادههای مورد نیاز پژوهش به وسیله سه پرسشنامه ویژگیهای اپهای ورزشی (رینالدسن و همکاران، 2014)، نگرش به فعالیتبدنی (چنگ، 2012) و رفتار فعالیتبدنی (اشمیت و همکاران، 2016) جمعآوری شد. تحلیل دادههای به دست آمده از ابزار پژوهش در دو سطح توصیفی و استنباطی انجام شد . نتایج نشان داد اثر قابلیت دسترسی اپهای ورزشی بر نگرش به فعالیتبدنی بانوان شهرستان علیآباد کتول مثبت و معنیدار است. اثر سهولت استفاده از اپهای ورزشی بر نگرش به فعالیتبدنی بانوان مثبت و معنیدار بود. نتایج مشخص نمود مفید بودن اپهای ورزشی اثر مثبت و معنیداری بر نگرش به فعالیتبدنی بانوان دارد. همچنین اثر پاسخگو بودن اپهای ورزشی بر نگرش به فعالیتبدنی بانوان مثبت و معنیدار بود. در نهایت اثر مثبت و معنیدار نگرش به فعالیتبدنی بر رفتار فعالیتبدنی بانوان تأیید شد. افزایش آگاهی کاربران از قابلیتها و ویژگیهای اپهای ورزشی پیشنهاد میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - Investigating the relationship between physical activity and women's social health in the post-corona era (Case study: Golestan province)
MAHBOUBEH NaghaviThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of physical activity, to investigate the relationship between physical activity and women's social health in the post-corona era. According to the method of data collection, the research was descriptive-correlational MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of physical activity, to investigate the relationship between physical activity and women's social health in the post-corona era. According to the method of data collection, the research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the research is all women over 18 years old in Golestan province. 384 people were randomly selected based on the table of Morgan and Edonski. In terms of physical activity evaluation, the research tool is the physical activity questionnaire taken from Chu's studies (2014). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and reported (α = 0.803). Social health was measured using a questionnaire developed by Keyes in 1998. In order to analyze the data, Spss 20 software was used. The results showed; The activity level of 57% of adult women in Golestan province is low. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of physical activity and social health (P=0.783). According to the findings of this research, it can be said that promoting, strengthening and developing the physical activity of people in the society will lead to more social health and as a result a healthy and normal society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - The effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women
Mona RezaeiBackground and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women. Material and method: The type of research work is applied and semi-experimental. The statistical MoreBackground and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women. Material and method: The type of research work is applied and semi-experimental. The statistical population of the study consisted of basketbalist women who played in super league. After selecting the subjects and informing them of the objectives of the present study, 7 samples were selected in the experimental group and 7 in the control group. Before the yoga course, sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance tests were held between the two groups, then the test group underwent yoga exercises for 12 consecutive sessions of 2 sessions during the week. These exercises were not applied to the control group. At the end of 12 sessions, the sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance scales were taken again. Also, after a period of one month, the subjects were followed up again to evaluate the durability of the effectiveness of yoga. For data analysis, statistical methods at both descriptive and inferential levels and statistical tests appropriate to the data scale and SPSS statistical software and covariance test have been used. Result: According to the results of yoga exercises, it has a positive effect on reducing sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance. Conclusion: Also, the results obtained from the follow-up of the effects of yoga showed that this factor was still effective on sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - Investigation of a Fully-automated Manufacturing Environment Realized through a Flexible Logistic System
Jan-Hinrich Kämper Arne Stasch -
Open Access Article
495 - Improving the Performance of Cadmium Telluride-Based Solar Cells Using ZnCdS/NiO and ZnO Compounds for ETL/HTL and TCO Layers
Ebrahim Amoupour Javad Hasanzadeh Ali Abdolahzadeh Ziabari Peyman AzimiCadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cell is known for its high efficiency, low cost and high stability. In this paper, simulation of CdTe based solar cell (ZnO/ZnCdS/CdTe/NiO/Al) has been presented. ZnCdS, NiO and ZnO layers have been used as electron/hole transport layer (E MoreCadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cell is known for its high efficiency, low cost and high stability. In this paper, simulation of CdTe based solar cell (ZnO/ZnCdS/CdTe/NiO/Al) has been presented. ZnCdS, NiO and ZnO layers have been used as electron/hole transport layer (ETL/HTL) and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, respectively. SCAPS-1D simulation software was used to evaluate the performance of the modelled multijunction CdTe solar cell. This software is capable of analyzing the efficiency with different parameters of cadmium telluride solar cell. The impact of thickness, carrier concentration, defect density of the CdTe, and ZnCdS/ CdTe interface defect density on the solar cell performance was also investigated. The optimized solar cell demonstrated a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.3 % with open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.095 V, short circuit current density (JSC) of 27.22 mA/cm2 and FF of 88.14 % that shows huge promise in low-cost solar energy harvesting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - Reliable Relay Node Selection to Real-Time Messaging in Vehicular Networks
Yaser Taj Bahador BakhshiSareskanrood Hessam ZandHessamiOne of the intelligent transportation systems' goals is to improve safety and increase the quality of service on road journeys. Transmitting the message in critical situations with minimal delay and on time is essential for ensuring the health and safety of citizens on MoreOne of the intelligent transportation systems' goals is to improve safety and increase the quality of service on road journeys. Transmitting the message in critical situations with minimal delay and on time is essential for ensuring the health and safety of citizens on road trips. Frequent topological changes pose significant challenges to the operation of safety programs and reduce the probability of sending critical messages in real-time. This article proposes the reliable relay node selection to real-time messaging (RRRM) routing algorithm to increase the reliability of sending real-time messages in vehicular networks. To expedite the transmission of information, by introducing three indicators for selecting intermediate vehicles entitled "Record of vehicle displacement", "Similarity of vehicle velocity with the velocity average of neighbor vehicles", and "Amount of trusty adjacent vehicles", the route vehicles are scored. The worthiest vehicles are selected as members of the route. RRRM measures the temporal conformity of the vehicles' previous presence in the current route and the stability of their connection with neighboring vehicles. It avoids route failure, increased delays, and failure to send critical messages to the destination by preventing the selection of unreliable vehicles as relays. Extensive simulations with multiple scenarios in the NS-3 and SUMO demonstrate the superiority of the RRRM in reducing route-failure, mean latency, and control overload, as well as increasing packet delivery rates in urban and highway environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - Sustainable ecotourism development in protected areas with an emphasis on the concept of environmental carrying capacity
مژگان بزم آرا بلشتی Mortezam tavakoly satar soltanian Kaveh JafarzadehIn this research, the breadth of capacity, ecotourism and Sports ecotourism of the protected area of Khayyz have been studied to achieve the development of sustainable ecotourism. In the same way, after providing information and analyzing them on the GIS and using the l MoreIn this research, the breadth of capacity, ecotourism and Sports ecotourism of the protected area of Khayyz have been studied to achieve the development of sustainable ecotourism. In the same way, after providing information and analyzing them on the GIS and using the linear combination method The area of the zones of each ecotourism activity was determined and Then, using the obtained information and theoretical foundations related to the capacity of the board, the threshold of ecotourism tolerance and sports ecotourism activities were calculated at three levels: physical, real and effective. According to the results, 60.5% of the total area was considered suitable for ecotourism, which has a very good area with the highest area (24.5%). Also, a very good area with 2420145 people with the highest physical range and 56278 the person has the most realistic wins. largest area of exercise ecotourism activity is located in the middle zone with an area of 3358/24 acres and it is indicative of the fact that the Southern Hemisphere is of medium power in terms of sport tourism. Out of the sports ecotourism activities, climbing activities have the highest capacity in a good area. This increase is due to the favorable environmental and ecological conditions and the greater area of these areas. Finally, studying the existing tourism situation and assessing the region indicates that the lack of attention to the threshold of environmental sustainability in the protected area of southern Khayzis can endanger the stability of the area in the short term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - Recreational- Sport Ski Site Selection (case study; Isfahan Province)
امیر گندمکار Fatemeh Daneshvar Noushin GhasemiSports that depend on the geographical resources and attractions, are the most important part in sport tourism. One of the tourism events which grow in recent years is skiing that has also the high income part of the tourism industries economic and has caused even many MoreSports that depend on the geographical resources and attractions, are the most important part in sport tourism. One of the tourism events which grow in recent years is skiing that has also the high income part of the tourism industries economic and has caused even many small communities to take action to invest in this sector as an attractive tourism destination. Isfahan province highlands due to various climates and natural conditions as well as the existence of large cities and surrounding attractions, could be the construction of ski resort areas in IRAN country. Therefore, optimal skis site selection, especially in order to attract tourists in this region is necessary. This study assessed the possibility of establishing recreation-sport ski site in Isfahan province by using a combination of Boolean Logic and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methods in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. Boolean logic examined the sub-criteria of the climate and geology and for investigating the main criteria interactions (geology, climate and accessibility). DEMATEL is a comprehensive method for constructing and analyzing a structural model of the causal relationships between the complex and numerous factors. It was used to determine the criteria relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - The effect of quality of marketing mix elements on the satisfaction of winter sports tourists of Alvars ski resort in Ardebil province
sadaf hesari nasrin Azizian Kohan mehrdad mmoharramzadehNowadays, Ardabil province has become one of the tourism hubs in the country and this issue has provided a platform for investment in this city. Therefore, tourism marketing activities and programs, especially the marketing mix elements in this city, is considered neces MoreNowadays, Ardabil province has become one of the tourism hubs in the country and this issue has provided a platform for investment in this city. Therefore, tourism marketing activities and programs, especially the marketing mix elements in this city, is considered necessary and important. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the quality of marketing mix elements on the satisfaction of winter sports tourists in Alvares ski resort in Ardabil province. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied that the statistical population is tourists with at least one ski experience in Ardabil. In this research, in order to assess the validity of the content, the views of supervisors, consultants and experts have been used. The reliability of all variables is in the acceptable range. To collect the necessary data to test the research hypotheses, the questionnaires of mixed marketing elements among tourists (110 questionnaires) were used; for descriptive analysis of the data, tables of graphs, scattering indices; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used in SPSS software package. Findings and results show that the main hypotheses are acceptable and the elements of marketing have a significant positive effect on satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - Providing an Electronic Sport Tourism Model in Iran with the ISM Approach
sheida valaki Seyed ehsan Amirhossein Ali PirzadThe purpose of this study is to present a model of e-sport tourism in Iran using ISM approach. The research methodology is descriptive-exploratory and based on structural-interpretive modeling that is conducted in the field. The statistical population consists of 80 uni MoreThe purpose of this study is to present a model of e-sport tourism in Iran using ISM approach. The research methodology is descriptive-exploratory and based on structural-interpretive modeling that is conducted in the field. The statistical population consists of 80 university professors in sport and tourism management with a research interest in sport tourism in Iran.In the first step of the research, according to experts, the status of e-sport tourism in Iran was identified and 65people were selected using purposeful sampling method and Morgan table. The research tool this step includes a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed qualitatively by SPSS 22 software and by Using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and exploratory factor analysis, the factors were extracted qualitatively and the significance level of components was 0.04. In the second step, 10 expert professors formed the statistical sample of the Structural-Interpretive approach and a researcher-made questionnaire was administered by paired scale method and MATLAB software. Structural-interpretive modeling was carried out in six stages. The results showed that the components of electronic sport tourism in Iran were classified into three levels by structural-interpretive modeling. Level one: Sport Tourism Development, Level Two: Culture and Advertising, Level Three: Information Technology Structure, Management and Planning, Law and Policy, Facilities and Financial Capability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - Modeling the attraction of investment in Iran's sports tourism industry with an emphasis on mix marketing and sustainable development
Azam Abbasi Hosein Akbari Yazdi Mohammadreza Moinfard Alireza ElahiThe present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model for attracting investment in the Iranian sports tourism industry with an emphasis on the marketing mix and sustainable development. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part incl MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model for attracting investment in the Iranian sports tourism industry with an emphasis on the marketing mix and sustainable development. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part included all experts in the field of sports marketing management, sports tourism and tourism marketing management. A total of 17 interviews were conducted by purposive sampling method to reach theoretical saturation and in a small part of the same people plus capital Sports spenders and sports entrepreneurs were nationwide. The questionnaires were distributed electronically and finally 249 questionnaires were completed correctly. Research tools in the qualitative section, reconciliation and review of theoretical foundations, and in the quantitative section, a questionnaire made from the qualitative section with the focus on 3 mixed marketing variables in the Iranian sports tourism industry (7 items), sustainable development (6 items) and attracting investors in the tourism industry. It was sports (2 items). Exploratory factor analysis test was used to measure items and questions of each variable and structural equation modeling test was used with PLS software. The results of the research model showed that the mixed marketing path to sustainable development with the effect factor (0.899) had the greatest effect among the variables. The mixed marketing-to-investment path with an impact factor (0.484) was in the next category, and the sustainable development path to an investment with an impact factor (0.356) had the lowest effect among other variables. In a general conclusion, it should be mentioned that for the development of Iran's sports tourism industry, first of all, special attention should be paid to the marketing mix, because in this case, sustainable development can be achieved and investors can be encouraged to invest in the tourism industry. Import sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
502 - A Mixed Modeling of Sustainable Marketing in Iranian Sports Tourism Industry
Azam Abbasi Hosein Akbari Mohammadreza Moinfard Alireza ElahiThis research is applied in terms of its purpose and employs a mixed research approach. The data collection methods used are of the descriptive survey type, and the nature of the data is both qualitative and quantitative. Initially, the research involved conducting libr MoreThis research is applied in terms of its purpose and employs a mixed research approach. The data collection methods used are of the descriptive survey type, and the nature of the data is both qualitative and quantitative. Initially, the research involved conducting library studies and interviews with experts in the fields of sports marketing management, sports tourism, and tourism marketing management. The objective was to identify effective elements within the sustainable marketing mix specific to the Iranian sports tourism industry. Subsequently, based on the identified elements, the primary components of the sustainable marketing mix in Iran’s sports tourism industry were categorized. This categorization was accomplished through a survey of experts within a Delphi group, who assisted in identifying items that explain each of the main components of the sustainable marketing mix in the sports tourism industry of Iran. Following this, a research questionnaire was created and distributed among the statistical population. In the qualitative part of the research, coding, summarizing, filtering, and Delphi techniques were employed to extract raw data. In the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the degree of alignment between the theoretical and experimental structures, utilizing Smart PLS software. The findings revealed a total of 104 items involved in the sustainable marketing mix within Iran’s sports tourism industry, categorized into 10 sustainable marketing mixes, including product, price, promotion, distribution and location, positioning and physical evidence, human resources and individuals, planning and management, principles, promise, and partnership. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - Examining the Effects of Subsidy Reform Plan in Transport and Energy Sectors on the Indicators of Rural Tourism Development A Case Study of Tourism in Borujerd Villages
majid saeidirad Bahram Imani Bizhan Rahmani df bdfBy implementing the historical transformation of the subsidy reform plan in 2010, the economic operation of the era of transition from a subsidized economy to a competitive and free one took place after two decades of waiting, and the studies on this issue from the pers MoreBy implementing the historical transformation of the subsidy reform plan in 2010, the economic operation of the era of transition from a subsidized economy to a competitive and free one took place after two decades of waiting, and the studies on this issue from the perspective of monitoring and evaluating post-implementation effects entered a new field. As the reform subsidy plan in the transportation and energy sectors is the first priority of the government's economic development agenda, the implementation of this plan has affected rural housing as well as other sectors of its policies. In the present study, an attempt is made to examine the effects of reform subsidies in the transport and energy sectors on rural tourism development indicators in Borujerd, as an "assessment during implementation". The research is an applied one and its method is descriptive-analytical. The data gathering method was library and field analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Kendall's tau-b,Spearman and multiple regression). Finally, the results indicated that there was a significant relationship between the reform subsidies indicators and rural tourism indicators. Therefore, the promotion of the reform subsidies indicators to achieve rural tourism development is one of the effective strategies that should be focused by the government authorities more than before. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - Determination of Main Components of Sustainability of Urban Transportation Systems in Access to Tourism of the Persian Gulf Lake (Chitgar), Tehran
robabeh rajabi amirabadThe increasing expansion of urban environments and, consequently, the leisure needs of urban residents, as well as visitors and tourists visiting urban spaces, require special attention in planning and achieving sustainable urban tourism development and related infrastr MoreThe increasing expansion of urban environments and, consequently, the leisure needs of urban residents, as well as visitors and tourists visiting urban spaces, require special attention in planning and achieving sustainable urban tourism development and related infrastructures. At the same time, it is worthwhile to pay attention to the functions and effects of this sector and planning to make appropriate arrangements for urban spaces and infrastructures. Among the basic infrastructures in the field of urban tourism are urban transportation and the way these two functions are related to each other. Accordingly, the present article selects an indicator of tourism in the metropolis of Tehran (the Persian Gulf martyrs lake), attempting to identify the factors affecting the sustainability of urban transportation systems in accessing this tourist site. The research strategy is applied and its method is descriptive and analytical. The library method and the questionnaire were used to collect information and For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis using Cronbach's Alpha method. Kaiser-Meyer-Olekin (KMO) and Bartlet tests were used in SPSS-22 software. In this method, the stability of existing transportation systems was studied using four main components and 24 selected indicators. As a result, it was observed that sustainability of transportation systems in accessing the tourism of the martyrs of the Persian Gulf Lake is very close to factors such as public access, environmental costs, transportation costs and traffic costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - Identifying and Prioriting of the Problems of Polotourism in Iran
Kiyumars Moladoost Sahar Samani Ghotbabadi Alireza ZakerianThe purpose of the present study was recognition and prioritization of existing problems in Polotourism in Iran. Polotourism has a special place and importance in the world and those countries that have the technical knowledge of this sport or have programs and several MoreThe purpose of the present study was recognition and prioritization of existing problems in Polotourism in Iran. Polotourism has a special place and importance in the world and those countries that have the technical knowledge of this sport or have programs and several exciting ceremonies and provide tourist packages for fans of this sport have had successful efforts in this field.The method used in this research was a correlation survey in which a researcher made questionnare was used. The statistical society for this study included the experts of three domains; Polo sport, physical education and sport, tourism and cultural heritage. Because there was not any sufficient knowledge in the statistical society about this filed, the purposive sampling method was used. There were 195 people as statistical samples in this study. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the stability of the questionnaire, total measure for all questions is 0.91 and for managerial, cultural and infrastructural factors accordingly were 0.86, 0.89, and 0.81 respectively.The results showed that with average of 2.08, cultural factor was the first significant problem of Polotourism. After that infrastructural factor with average of 2.06 and managerial factor with average of 1.86 were in the second and third importance rank. It can be concluded that for developing Polotourism in Iran, development in the cultural affairs should be devoted closer attention, and programing and exact managing that are the base and foundation of each system, should be under consideration too. Finally, through developing the infrastructural factors, we can also expand Polotourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - Ranking the Cities of Hamedan province based on Tourism Capacity Using ANOVA
Azita Nobakht Nejat Mahmood AmiriPlanning the tourism areas is performed by considering the potentials of these areas, and this will lead to greater co-ordination among the tourists. As a result, the effects of overpopulation in some places that will result in environmental costs can be minimized. This MorePlanning the tourism areas is performed by considering the potentials of these areas, and this will lead to greater co-ordination among the tourists. As a result, the effects of overpopulation in some places that will result in environmental costs can be minimized. This research is based on the main objective of tourism capacity building according to some of the most effective attractions of urban tourists and using advanced statistical models. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of gathering data is a survey study. The data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 19. The results of the research indicated that the criteria for capacity building of urban walkways in the province in order are Hamedan, Malayer, Kabudarahang, Nahavand, Toyserkan, Razan, Asadabad and Bahar respectively. After prioritization, the understudied areas were determined in terms of tourism infrastructure based on which Hamadan and Malayer had a very good, Kabudarahang and Nahavand middle, and Tuyserkan weak and the cities of Razan, Asadabad and Bahar very weak tourism infrastructures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - Environmental impact assessment of employing intelligent transportation systems on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Iran (Case Study: Karaj-Chalous axis)
Mohammadreza Samavi Mostafa Panahi Zahra Abedi -
Open Access Article
508 - Determining the final level of all factors affecting the development of transportation, customs and transit cooperation between Iran and other countries
Fereydoun Omidi Behzad Jafari Ghasem RekabdarThe purpose of this research is to determine the final level of all factors affecting the development of Iran's transportation, customs and transit cooperation with other countries. The question of this research is how to level the effective factors of the main componen MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the final level of all factors affecting the development of Iran's transportation, customs and transit cooperation with other countries. The question of this research is how to level the effective factors of the main components of the subject, and the research question is how to recognize the specified levels on the development of Iran's transportation, customs and transit cooperation with other countries.In terms of method, this research is a mixed research.There is a method of collecting information in the qualitative part of the semi-structured interview and it is coded and analyzed according to the data theory of the foundation.It was used in the quantitative part of the closed questionnaire.The statistical population includes 12 experts in the qualitative section and 127 experts and customs managers in the quantitative section.Cronbach's alpha method was used for the reliability of the quantitative part of the questionnaire.Determining the roundness of the data analysis method including t-test and using structural equations was analyzed by SPSS and Smart PLS software.The findings showed that the main indicators of the research include: 1- internal organizational factors, 2- knowledge and technology, 3- international standards, 4- communications, 5- management, 6- gaining experience and training, 7- innovation, 8-Strategies 9-Legislation and policy,Their priority and ranking were identified and determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - Multimodal transportation development strategies in order to increase competitiveness and infrastructural development in the country's transit and logistics space
sorosh oroji Mohamadhoseyan ShokatpoorThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating multimodal transportation development strategies in order to increase competitiveness and infrastructure development in the transit and logistics area of the country. This study is a quantitative research in term MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating multimodal transportation development strategies in order to increase competitiveness and infrastructure development in the transit and logistics area of the country. This study is a quantitative research in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of the method of collecting descriptive survey information, and in terms of the method of data analysis. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the employees of Kashtrani Combined Transport Company, whose number was 250, and 120 of them were selected by random sampling. The tool for collecting information in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the measurement tool was performed using the first order confirmatory factor analysis and the factor loading for all items was greater than 0.4. The overall reliability of this questionnaire was calculated and confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.7. The findings showed that laws and decrees with an impact factor of 0.281, the type of export and import needs with an impact factor of 0.280, the development of multimodal transport companies with an impact factor of 0.286, and hardware and software infrastructure with an impact factor of 0.257. The development of multimodal transportation has a significant impact at the 95% confidence level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - A New Weighted Goal Programming Technique to Solve Fully Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-Objective Fixed Charge Solid Transportation Problem
Awdhesh Bind Deepika Rani Kapil Goyal -
Open Access Article
511 - Prioritize the Components of the Use of Information Technology from the Perspective of Change Management in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Samaneh Yarmohamad Farideh Ashraf Ganjouei Ali ZareiThe purpose of this research is to prioritize the components of information technology application from the perspective of change management in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The methodology of this research is descriptive-survey and b MoreThe purpose of this research is to prioritize the components of information technology application from the perspective of change management in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The methodology of this research is descriptive-survey and based on the purpose is applied. The statistical society is 812 employees of all departments of the Ministry of Sports and Youth in 2016. The sample was calculated 261 based on Cochran formula that was selected by stratified random sampling. To collect information, two standard and international questionnaires were used: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and ADKAR for change management. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, single sample t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression test. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the components of information technology application including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards application and willingness to use; with change management. Also, in prioritizing the components of the use of information technology from the perspective of change management; perceived usefulness, the tendency to use, attitude towards the use and finally the perceived ease of the first to fourth priority respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - Presenting a model for evaluating of the Alignment and convergence of enterprise architecture of Sports and Youth headquarters, Mazandaran Province
Somayye Abolhasan Zade Zoeram Mohammad hami vahid ShojaeiThis study aimed to investigate the enterprise architecture (EA) of the status quo at the Sports and Youth General Directorate (SYGD), Mazandaran Province, in order to present a model of desirable situation. Today, enterprise architecture is one of the most practical en MoreThis study aimed to investigate the enterprise architecture (EA) of the status quo at the Sports and Youth General Directorate (SYGD), Mazandaran Province, in order to present a model of desirable situation. Today, enterprise architecture is one of the most practical enterprise solutions for aligning strategic of the information technology with enterprise business and also is powerful tool for organizing complex information systems. This research applied a descriptive-survey method based on quantitative and qualitative analysis using documentary and Delphi methods. The statistical population (n =148) of this study consisted of all managers, deputies and employees of Mazandaran SYGD, who were on occupation during 2018. After distributing 148 questionnaires, 140 available questionnaires were obtained, so the sample size was 140 people. Data were collected with a researcher-made questionnaire, Includes 7 questions. The reliability coefficient was 0.88 by Cronbach's alpha. The Delphi documentation and methodology has been done with an adaptive approach by using spss software for data analysis. The results show that the status quo is moderate in most of qualitative features of alignment and convergence and requires improvements. Therefore, a new service-based model was designed to draw the future status, which was evaluated using the Delphi method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - تنظیم ژنهای روده ای GLP-1 و GLUT2 تحت هیپوگلیسمی در موش های تغذیه شده با (Desplatsia subericarpa (Bocq
الاپسی اموتیووای اوواکپری-یوو اقال ایدو مکدونالدBackground & Aim:Indigenous people of West Africa use the whole-leaf of Desplatsia subericarpa (Bocq) in anti-diabetic soup delicacy. This study was designed to validate the anti-diabetic claims and delineating possible mechanisms. Experimental:RT-PCR method was use MoreBackground & Aim:Indigenous people of West Africa use the whole-leaf of Desplatsia subericarpa (Bocq) in anti-diabetic soup delicacy. This study was designed to validate the anti-diabetic claims and delineating possible mechanisms. Experimental:RT-PCR method was used to investigate regulation of intestinal glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and pancreatic insulin, L-type voltage-gated calcium channel genes. Insulin exocytosis was also monitored using ELISA method. The kidney sample was investigated for biomarkers of injury (kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and interleukin-1-β (IL-1β)). Results: GLP-1 up-regulation, GLUT2 down-regulation and increased insulin exocytosis but not increased insulin gene expression was observed in animals after a 3-day culinary exposure to D. Subericarpa leaves. This mechanism may explain hypoglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in animals in this study. KIM-1 and IL-1-β genes were marked up regulated in normal animals exposed (14-day) to D. Subericarpa. Recommended applications/industries: D. Subericarpa whole leaf contains phytochemicals principles with anti-diabetic potency but may be nephrotoxic. Therefore, for clinical use, selective fractionation of active components from the toxic components is desirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - تأثیر رطوبت بر ضریب اصطکاک استاتیکی رزماری و اسطوخودوس به وسیله اصطکاک سنج الکتریکی
فرزاد جلیلیان تبار رشید غلامی علی نجات لرستانیمقدمه و هدف: افزایش روزافزون نقش اقتصادی گیاهان دارویی در جوامع امروزی، پیچیدگی فن­آوری های جدید برای تولید (کاشت، داشت و برداشت)، حمل و نقل، ذخیره سازی، فرآوری، نگهداری، ارزیابی کیفی، توزیع، بازاریابی و مصرف این محصولات، نیازمند درک دقیق و صحیح خواص فیزیکی آن­ه Moreمقدمه و هدف: افزایش روزافزون نقش اقتصادی گیاهان دارویی در جوامع امروزی، پیچیدگی فن­آوری های جدید برای تولید (کاشت، داشت و برداشت)، حمل و نقل، ذخیره سازی، فرآوری، نگهداری، ارزیابی کیفی، توزیع، بازاریابی و مصرف این محصولات، نیازمند درک دقیق و صحیح خواص فیزیکی آن­هاست. ضریب اصطکاک گیاهان بر روی سطوح مختلف، در طراحی سیلوها و مخازن نگهداری محصولات کشاورزی، تجهیزات انتقال از قبیل تسمه نقاله ها و نیز در طراحی دستگاه­های مورد استفاده در فرآوری پس از برداشت مورد نیاز می­باشد. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق ضریب اصطکاک استاتیکی در دو سطح رطوبتی 58 و53 درصد بر پایه تر برای گیاه رزماری، 65 و 63 درصد بر پایه تر برای اسطوخودوس، بر روی سه سطح ورق گالوانیزه، شیشه و چوب چندلا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای این کار دستگاهی ساخته شد که شامل یک موتور الکتریکی و سنسورهای نوری برای سنجش دقیق زمان سر خوردن محصولات و محاسبه ضریب اصطکاک آن­ها بود. نتایج و بحث: بیشترین و کمترین مقدار میانگین ضریب اصطکاک استاتیکی به­دست آمده برای رزماری در رطوبت 58 درصد بر پایه تر به ترتیب بر روی چوب چندلا، 0.87 و شیشه 0.46 بود. در حالی ­که در رطوبت 53 درصد بر پایه تر، بیشترین و کمترین مقدار میانگین ضریب اصطکاک استاتیکی به­دست آمده برای رزماری به ترتیب بر روی چوب چندلا، 0.66 و شیشه، 0.38 بود. این کاهش ضریب اصطکاک برای اسطوخودوس نیز بدین صورت به­دست آمد که کمترین میانگین ضریب اصطکاک در رطوبت 65 درصد بر پایه تر بر روی شیشه و برابر با 0.66 بود در حالی­که در رطوبت 63 درصد بر پایه تر نیز بر روی شیشه اما برابر با 0.56 به­دست آمد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: شناخت خواص مهندسی گیاهان دارویی برای ایجاد روش­های فرآوری صنعتی مناسب، امری ضروری به شمار می آید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - The Impact of the Soft Power of Sports Diplomacy on Iran-US Relations: A Case Study of Wrestling Diplomacy (1998 – 2013)
Soudabeh Mokhtari Garineh Keshishyan SirakiOne of the most important issues in international relations is the concept of "power". Joseph Nye's initiative in separating hard power from soft power gave new form to the definition of power. Sports diplomacy is considered as one of the key ways of forming soft power MoreOne of the most important issues in international relations is the concept of "power". Joseph Nye's initiative in separating hard power from soft power gave new form to the definition of power. Sports diplomacy is considered as one of the key ways of forming soft power and countries are trying to find solutions to reduce tensions, political, economic and social effects with other actors in this supply. The strong presence of Iranian national teams, especially wrestling, in popular international events such as the Olympic Games has created an opportunity for sports to help improve Iran's position in the new world structure, even reducing tensions with its longtime enemy, the United States. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question that what role did the soft power of sports diplomacy, especially wrestling, play in Iran-US relations from 1998 to 2013? Studies using the soft power theoretical framework showed that the main hypothesis about the impact of wrestling on the formation of the soft power of sports diplomacy, at critical times and at the lowest cost has helped to improve Iran-US relations. This study also offers suggestions for better use of ship soft power to reduce problems in Iran-US relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Analysis of Sports, Conflict Resolution and Actors; An Introduction to Sports Diplomacy
Masoud Jaafarinejad Amir Reza Emami Amir Bagherzadeh Chungaralu Reyhan ErturkDespite the increasing recognition of sports diplomacy, a more comprehensive understanding of its impact on conflict resolution is felt. This study seeks to address the current gap in the literature by providing a nuanced exploration of the role of sports diplomacy with MoreDespite the increasing recognition of sports diplomacy, a more comprehensive understanding of its impact on conflict resolution is felt. This study seeks to address the current gap in the literature by providing a nuanced exploration of the role of sports diplomacy within the context of 'sport and conflict resolution.' The main question is: "What is the role of sports diplomacy in conflict resolution for state and non-state actors?". It is hypothesized that the strategic deployment of sports diplomacy is an effective tool in establishing communication and strengthening dialogue in conflict resolution between the involved parties. The research findings indicate that the state actors have used sports diplomacy to fulfill their foreign policy goals to secure their direct or indirect interests. In fact, for states, sports always come second after survival and security, and non-state actors, who are often established as mediators to create and promote peace, use sports diplomacy to remove friction and resolve conflicts between state and non-state actors, create stability, strengthen peace, and ultimately provide human security. The qualitative research method is based on description analysis, and data collection was done through library and virtual resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - Consequential and Catalytic Role of Sport in Creating Conditions of Peace Conditions among the States
مهدی محمدی عزیز آبادی رضا التیامی نیاAbstract In today's world sport has increasing interaction with domestic and international politics and an impression has been made that sport can enhance the level of development, creating the condition of peace and settling disputes. International sport which consist MoreAbstract In today's world sport has increasing interaction with domestic and international politics and an impression has been made that sport can enhance the level of development, creating the condition of peace and settling disputes. International sport which consists of governmental and non-governmental agents sometime is considered as suitable topic of diplomatic discussions. The big sport events like Olympic and world cup can bring countries together and lead to close and friendly relations among the countries. In these situations sport diplomacy shows its efficiency and nations can show their friendship, cooperation and close aspect of their relations to each other. The cooperation between the United Nations and international Olympic committees and sport federations particularly FIFA(International Football Federation) can play an effective role in this direction. The finding of the study shows that sports can play a constructive role in international relations particularly prevalence of peace. Nevertheless, in some cases sport has been used to disrupt peace and provoke enmity. The present paper by a descriptive-analytical method and by using library sources wants to examine the above said hypothesis and answers the related questions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - یک مدل بهینه سازی بهبود یافته برای زمانبندی یک خط لوله درختی شکل چند محصولی
Mehrnoosh Taherkhaniدر زنجیره تامین نفت، محصولات تصفیه شده نفت، اغلب توسط خوط لوله به مراکز توزیع فرستاده می شوند ازآنجا که آنها اقتصادی ترین و مطمئن ترین روش حمل و نقل را فراهم می کنند. در این مقاله زمانبندی بهینه خطوط لوله درختی-شکل مورد مطالعه قرار می گیرد. چالش اصلی شامل یافتن ترتیب و Moreدر زنجیره تامین نفت، محصولات تصفیه شده نفت، اغلب توسط خوط لوله به مراکز توزیع فرستاده می شوند ازآنجا که آنها اقتصادی ترین و مطمئن ترین روش حمل و نقل را فراهم می کنند. در این مقاله زمانبندی بهینه خطوط لوله درختی-شکل مورد مطالعه قرار می گیرد. چالش اصلی شامل یافتن ترتیب و زمان تزریق و انتقال محصولات از گرهای ورودی به گره های خروجی است بطوریکه تقاضای مخازن با کمترین هزینه تامین شود. ما یک مدل برنامه ریزی خطی آمیخته با اعداد صحیح رائه می دهیم که قادر است حجم های محلوط شده محصولات در هر خط لوله را تشخیص داده و تحویل های همزمان به مراکز توزیع را مدیریت کند . چند مثال عددی برای اعتبار سنجی مدل پیشنهادی حل می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - ارائه مدل برنامه ریزی ریاضی برای مسیریابی و زمانبندی بارانداز متقاطع و حمل و نقل، در شبکه لجستیک معکوس سبز واکسن های ویروس کرونا
Pezhman Abbasi Tavallali محمدرضا فیلی زاده Atefeh Amindoustبارانداز متقاطع، عمل بارگیری واکسن های ویروس کرونا از وسایلنقلیه تحویل دهنده ورودی و بارگیری مستقیم آنها بر روی وسایلنقلیه خروجی است. با حذف یا به حداقل رساندن هزینههای انبار، الزامات فضا و استفاده از موجودی، بارانداز متقاطع میتواند زنجیرههای عرضه را سادهتر کرده Moreبارانداز متقاطع، عمل بارگیری واکسن های ویروس کرونا از وسایلنقلیه تحویل دهنده ورودی و بارگیری مستقیم آنها بر روی وسایلنقلیه خروجی است. با حذف یا به حداقل رساندن هزینههای انبار، الزامات فضا و استفاده از موجودی، بارانداز متقاطع میتواند زنجیرههای عرضه را سادهتر کرده و به آنها کمک کند تا واکسن های ویروس کرونا را به داروخانه ها سریعتر و کاراتر هدایت کنند. با توجه به طول عمر واکسن های ویروس کرونا هدایت آنها در بارانداز متقاطع و زمانبندی حمل و نقل آنها، دارای اهمیت بسیار زیادی است .با توجه به این موارد، در این تحقیق، یک مدل برنامهریزی خطی عدد صحیح آمیخته برای مسیریابی و زمانبندی، بارانداز متقاطع و حمل و نقل، در شبکه لجستیک معکوس سبز واکسن های ویروس کرونا ارائه شده است. اقدام به دستیابی به اهداف لجستیک سبز، به منظور کاهش مصرف سوخت و آلایندگی های حاصل از آن، در این پژوهش مد نظر قرار گرفته است. مدل ارائه شده در این تحقیق، چند محصولی و چند سطحی می باشد، که همزمان، مینیمم سازی هزینههای مربوط به شبکه لجستیک جهت افزایش کارایی، کاهش مصرف سوخت و آلایندگی ها و ماکزیمم سازی ارزش مصرفی واکسن های ویروس کرونا تحویل داده شده به داروخانه ها به منظور حداقل سازی خطرات و عوارض ناشی از تزریق واکسن های ویروس کرونا به دلیل روند فساد آنها، را در بر میگیرد. مدل مورد نظر با در نظر گرفتن کمینهسازی هزینهها (جریمه زودکرد و جریمه دیرکرد تحویل سفارش به داروخانه ها، هزینه نگهداری موقت در بارانداز متقاطع و هزینه مصرف سوخت، آلایندگی های زیست محیطی ناشی از جابجایی وسایل نقلیه و استفاده از وسیلههای نقلیه خروجی)، همچنین در نظر گرفتن عدم قطعیت در تقاضای واکسن های ویروس کرونا توسط داروخانه ها، از نوع مسائل NP-Hard است. در این مدل، زمان حل مسأله به صورت نمایی و با توجه به ابعاد مسأله افزایش مییابد. بنابراین، در این تحقیق، یک روش کارا با استفاده از الگوریتم NSGA II پیشنهاد داده شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - Sperm Transport in the Mare Reproductive Tract: A Review
S.M. Fiala -
Open Access Article
521 - -اثر سطوح مختلف پروتئین خام بر بیان ژن ناقل اوره (نوع ب) و بازده نیتروژن در برههای در حال رشد بلوچی تغذیه شده با نسبتهای مختلف علوفه به کنسانتره
ا. ابراهیمی خرم آبادی ع.م. طهماسبی م. دانش مسگران ع.ع. ناصریان ع. وکیلیبه منظور بررسی اثرات همزمان نسبتهای مختلف علوفه به کنسانتره و مقادیر مختلف پروتئینخام خوراک بر کنترل نیتروژن اورهای بازگردانده شده به شکمبه و تنظیم بیان ژن ناقل اوره (نوع ب)، از چهار رأس بره نر بلوچی (2±30 کیلوگرم) در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 4 × 4، استفاده ش Moreبه منظور بررسی اثرات همزمان نسبتهای مختلف علوفه به کنسانتره و مقادیر مختلف پروتئینخام خوراک بر کنترل نیتروژن اورهای بازگردانده شده به شکمبه و تنظیم بیان ژن ناقل اوره (نوع ب)، از چهار رأس بره نر بلوچی (2±30 کیلوگرم) در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 4 × 4، استفاده شد. مدت هر دوره آزمایشی 28 روز (21 روز عادت پذیری و 6 روز جمعآوری اطلاعات و نمونه برداری) بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی از ترکیب دو نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه (بر اساس ماده خشک) 45 به 55 درصد و 25 به 75 درصد و دو مقدار پروتئین خام (بر اساس ماده خشک) 14 درصد و 18 درصد تشکیل شده بودند. با افزایش نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه، مصرف ماده خشک به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. تیمارها، مقدار پروتئین خام و نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه تأثیر معنی داری بر روی مقدار مصرف پروتئین خام داشتند. با افزایش مقدار نیتروژن خوراک، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، پروتئین خام و ماده آلی به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه تأثیر معنی داری بر روی قابلیت هضم فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و ماده آلی داشت. تیمارها نیز تأثیر معنی داری بر روی قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام، شوینده خنثی و ماده آلی داشتند. اثر متقابل بین سطح پروتئینخام و نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه تأثیر معنی داری بر روی pH، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی، غلظت اسیدهای چرب فرار، نسبت استات به پروپیونات و غلظت نیتروژن اورهای خون داشت. به جز pH، تمامی فاکتورهای تخمیر شکمبهای و متابولیتهای خونی تحت تأثیر سطح پروتئینخام و نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه قرار گرفتند. تیمارها تأثیر معنی داری بر روی میزان دریافت نیتروژن (گرم در روز) و میزان دفع نیتروژن از طریق ادرار (گرم در روز، درصدی از نیتروژن خوراک) داشتند. همچنین هر دو عامل سطح پروتئینخام و نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه تأثیر معنی داری بر روی میزان دریافت نیتروژن داشتند. میزان دفع نیتروژن از طریق ادرار (گرم در روز) در برههای مصرف کننده تیمارهای دارای 18 درصد پروتئین خام، بیشتر بود. نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه تأثیر معنی داری بر روی میزان دفع نیتروژن از طریق ادرار (گرم در روز) داشت. میزان بیان ژن ناقل اوره (نوع ب) در برههای مصرف کننده تیمارهای دارای 18 درصد پروتئین خام، 56/6 بار بیشتر از برههای مصرف کننده تیمارهای دارای 14 درصد پروتئین خام بود. این نتایج نشان میدهد که میتوان از طریق تغییر نسبت علوفه به کنسانتره و سطح پروتئین خام خوراک، میزان بیان ژن ناقل اوره و در نهایت میزان نیتروژن اورهای بازگردانده شده به شکمبه را کنترل کرد. لذا تنظیم ناقلهای اوره در دیواره شکمبه از طریق خوراک میتواند نقش مهمی در کنترل نیتروژن اورهای وارد شده به مسیر هضمی ایفا کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - Assessing the Effects of Urban Transportation Different Modes on Urban Spaces Environmental Quality
Atefe ParsaeianEnvironmental quality is a multi dimensional concept that has common points with concepts such as quality of life, quality of place, perception and satisfaction of citizens and livability. So, one of the urban environmental quality indicators is easy, quick and safe acc MoreEnvironmental quality is a multi dimensional concept that has common points with concepts such as quality of life, quality of place, perception and satisfaction of citizens and livability. So, one of the urban environmental quality indicators is easy, quick and safe access for citizens and enjoying a variety of facilities and activities in the cities. In this regard, accessibility, movement continuity and presence of specific social groups, such as children and elderlies in different parts of the urban spaces, with the lowest energy wastage (in the field of the Fuel consumption and human force), the most acceptable cost; low traffic and minimal adverse environmental effects; such as air and noise pollution; and the most positive effects on culture, society and economic and also optimal utilization of physical and biological environment resulting from the desirable communication with urban transportation systems are among the main indicators of upgrading of the environmental quality of urban spaces. According to this, the present paper- with the goal of assessing the effects of urban transportation different modes on urban spaces environmental quality- is seeking to answer the question of: Which of the urban transportation modes have the most effects on upgrading of urban spaces environmental quality? The methodology of the paper relies on the secondary data and a questionnaire-based survey through Delphi Method. Finally, for assessing the effects of urban transportation different modes on urban spaces environmental, AHP Method is used. The results show that pedestrian mode in the first place and public transportation in the second place have the most ability to upgrading the environmental quality of urban spaces and creating attractive, livable and sustainable urban spaces Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - Photosystem II Efficiency of Primed Canola under Salt Stress
Zahra Karimi Jalil Khara Ghader Habibi -
Open Access Article
524 - Applying Adaptive Network-based fuzzy Inference System to Predict Travel Time in Highways for Intelligent Transportation Systems
Rouhollah Maghsoudi Behzad Moshiri -
Open Access Article
525 - Car License Plate Recognition using Color Features of Persian License Plates
Amir Ebrahimi Abdollah Amirkhani Abolghasem A. Raie Mohammad R. Mosavi -
Open Access Article
526 - Assessment of Citizens' Satisfaction with Intra-City Transportation System in Hamedan City
Hamed AbbasiTransportation is one of the most important constituent parts of urban life that determines the shape and way of social and economic development of the city. In this regard, the quality of transportation in Hamadan city, which can be very useful in its development, was MoreTransportation is one of the most important constituent parts of urban life that determines the shape and way of social and economic development of the city. In this regard, the quality of transportation in Hamadan city, which can be very useful in its development, was considered. The nonparametric regression model and artificial neural network were used to assess the citizens' satisfaction from the transportation system. For this purpose, first, a questionnaire was developed based on three main indicators (equipment and facilities status, physical status, management status, and service delivery). Citizens' perspective was gathered. Then, using a nonparametric regression model, independent indicators and satisfaction as an independent variable were used. The correlation and root mean square of the output errors of this model were 0.914 and 0.334 respectively. In another approach, using an artificial neural network, a model with three intrinsic neuron structures, one hidden layer and one output neuron was constructed. The output correlation of this model was 0.998 and the mean square error of the error was about 6 times lower than regression model. The results showed that the neural network model with both linear and nonlinear correlation estimates is more versatile and more suitable than nonparametric regression. On the other hand, price indices with coefficient (0.885), equality and welfare with (0.795) and decrease in demand for travel (0.790) are the most effective indicators for citizens' satisfaction with urban transport network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - ) Factors Affecting Citizens use Bicycles as a means of Transportation(Case Study: Rasht)
Zahra Shabanpoor Sepideh Zaree. Due to the rapid growth of population in cities and the increasing increase in personal travel and side-effects such as foggy consumption of energy and environmental pollution and congestion caused by the increased traffic of single-person private cars, congestion in More. Due to the rapid growth of population in cities and the increasing increase in personal travel and side-effects such as foggy consumption of energy and environmental pollution and congestion caused by the increased traffic of single-person private cars, congestion in the city central transit runs a particular transport system, in particular In crowded cities, this requires more precise planning, on the other hand,with the expansion of the city of Rasht and its population increase, traffic has become one of the main problems that, in addition to wasting time for citizens, has caused a lot of fuel to be consumed in vain. Among the objectives of this research is to study the factors affecting the reluctance of citizens of Rasht to use bikes, their use of bicycles, and the relationship between occupation, education, income and the interest of citizens in using bicycles to navigate for inland city trips, because the use of bicycles and the promotion of its culture as the best substitute for polluting environments on short-range intra-city trips has long been institutionalized in major industrialized countries. This paper uses descriptive-analytical method and distributed questionnaires in the city to collect information. Using statistical techniques and software such as SPSS and Excel, analyzes have been done. The results indicate that between use of bikes and variables such as: citizen's interest There is a significant relationship between citizenship education, their income and their occupation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - The evaluation of urban livability in Mashhad metropolis with emphisis on transportation indicator
Mohammad Ghanbari Mohammad Ajze Shokuhi Mohammad Rahim Rahnama Omid Ali KharazmiNowdays, multiple factors affect the livability of a place, of which can note transportion, the presence of people, mixed use, housing, safety and security, sense of belonging, efficiency and the environment. The subject of transportation is potentially a reflection of MoreNowdays, multiple factors affect the livability of a place, of which can note transportion, the presence of people, mixed use, housing, safety and security, sense of belonging, efficiency and the environment. The subject of transportation is potentially a reflection of the importance transport plays in day-to-day life. transportation is necessary for a functioning society as it enables people to access employment, education, food, health and social services, and meet with family and friends. The main goal of this research is the analysis of urban livability with emphasis on transportation indicator in Mashhad metropolis. The research method of this research is practical in terms of goal, and is descriptive – analytical in terms of methodology. By using the GIS Software, maps related to the status of each of objective sub-indicators based on the limits of Mashhad metropolis's zones were drawn. For mental indicator, which includes 6 questions, questionnaire was used for a sample size of 402 persons in all zones of Mashhad. The results of this research show the zone 11 of Mashhad metropolis is the best zone in terms of transportation indicator, followed by zones 1 and 8, respectively. By contrast, zones 6, 5 and 2 had the worst conditions in terms of transportation indicator, respectively. About 54 % of Mashhad's zones are at transportation very unfavorable level with respect to the urban livability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - Investigating Place Distribution of Athletic Use and Determining Appropriate Areas in Order to Present a Proper Model in Ilam City
pakzad azadkhani jaffar hoisen zadeh Sara EsfandyariOne of the important problems in terms of sports spaces in Iran is not paying attention to locating. The aim of this paper is to investigate the place distribution of sports land uses in Ilam City and to determine proper arenas in order to present a good pattern. The me MoreOne of the important problems in terms of sports spaces in Iran is not paying attention to locating. The aim of this paper is to investigate the place distribution of sports land uses in Ilam City and to determine proper arenas in order to present a good pattern. The method is analytical-descriptive and the research is an applied one. The data is gathered from the libraries and by the field study and also the questionnaires and GIS maps were used. The population includes the experts of urban management and physical education in all 4 districts of Ilam City that 20 of them were chosen as the sample by Convenience Sampling and were surveyed. To analyze the data, GIS and AHP softwares were used. The findings reveal that the sports spaces are improperly distributed in Ilam City. Moreover, there has been lack of attention to the important norms and standards of sports spaces’ locating in building sports facilities. Furthermore, the views of the experts in the norms of the population density are of high importance in the norms of determining the sports spaces. In this research, 11 hectares of Ilam City’s land pieces were introduced and suggested as the best places proper for building the new sports spaces based on the determined norms and standards. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - Determining Effective Factors on Formation of Educational Trips Patterns (Case Study: of Educational Trips for Birjand Students)
Rostam SaberifarAccording to city administrators, the main challenge of the city of Birjand is currently the traffic issue, and apparently one of the main factors influencing this trend is educational trips with personal vehicles. For this purpose, the present study seeks to investigat MoreAccording to city administrators, the main challenge of the city of Birjand is currently the traffic issue, and apparently one of the main factors influencing this trend is educational trips with personal vehicles. For this purpose, the present study seeks to investigate the patterns of Birjand students' educational trips in an analytical and descriptive method. The required data were collected using library research, as well as administrative and field work. Multivariate analysis, canonical correspondence analysis and multivariate regression were used to analyze data. The results showed that the most important effective factors in prevailing trips patterns include the distance between home and school while student’s age and gender had the highest effects among personal factors. According to the findings of this survey, proper distribution of schools, the relative balance in the quality of schools, providing security in general, and particularly sidewalks and bike paths are effective in reducing the use of personal cars and educational trips taken by personal vehicles, while sustainable trips will be achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - planning and organizing the Yasouj market with an emphasis on reducing traffic With a participatory approach
fatemeh sharafhan hossein ghazanfarpour hojjatallah sharafiAbstract:One of the most important problems in the cities of the country is related to the inadequate establishment of urban services activities in the city. In the city of Yasuj, the market is considered to be the economic heart of the city, and the increase in traffic MoreAbstract:One of the most important problems in the cities of the country is related to the inadequate establishment of urban services activities in the city. In the city of Yasuj, the market is considered to be the economic heart of the city, and the increase in traffic in this section has created functional-functional and traffic-access problems for the citizens. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic. The research data were analyzed using SPSS software using SPSS software, using descriptive and library references and statistics. For data analysis, SPSS software was used, as well as soft The GIS ARC software was used to produce maps and SWOT and QSPM models were used to analyze the information. The results of the research show that functional, economic, social, environmental, managerial, access and traffic indicators are not acceptable in terms of citizens and do not have a good level in the Yasuj market. Creating a parking lot in the market area can be effective in reducing market traffic by limiting the availability of land in this market, as well as passing salespeople to another point in organizing market boundaries. Emphasizing the proper and efficient public transport system in the market to reduce the use of single-seat vehicles is one of the most important strategies for planning and organizing the Yasuj market, with an emphasis on reducing traffic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - Identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting on the satisfaction of clients in recreational and sports centers(Case study of Tehran metropolis)
payam mohammadpanahi mozafar yektayar Rahim ramezaninezhad mozhgan khodamoradporCustomers at leisure and sports centers are always on the lookout for quality and satisfying services, so keeping customer satisfaction and staying present is the most vital goal of any organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize th MoreCustomers at leisure and sports centers are always on the lookout for quality and satisfying services, so keeping customer satisfaction and staying present is the most vital goal of any organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting customer satisfaction in recreational and sports centersin Tehran.The research method was descriptive-analytical which was implemented by field method and was applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of those who referred to recreational and sports centers in 22 districts of Tehran, using Morgan table for unknown population, 384 persons were selected as the sample of the study through available sampling method. Research measurement instrument was including a self-made questionnaire which its face validity and content validity with exact considering of study literature and asking experts and authorities on the topic (10 persons), questionnaire reliability was measured by the Cranach’s alpha (α =0/80). Pearson's correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and second-order confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the causes of welfare services, access, personnel, physical design, physical space and maintenance factor are involved in customer satisfaction in recreational and sports centers. Therefore, it can be said that in order to maintain and develop the satisfaction of clients in recreational and sports centers and to highlight the role of these centers in enhancing physical activity and health and vitality of the community, authorities should plan and act to improve the identified factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - Public Transportation Systems in the Path of Sustainability: Evaluation of Obstacles and Challenges (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis)
Tahmineh Alizadeh Jalal Azimi Amoli Sadreddin Motevalli Rahim SarvarIntroduction: From an environmental point of view, the most common reason for the development of sustainable public transportation systems is to reduce the use of cars and traffic congestion, which, as a result, leads to the improvement of the quality of the environment MoreIntroduction: From an environmental point of view, the most common reason for the development of sustainable public transportation systems is to reduce the use of cars and traffic congestion, which, as a result, leads to the improvement of the quality of the environment.Research aim: Realization of environmental sustainability in public transportation systems requires identification of its challenges and obstacles, which are considered in this study.Methodology: The methodological approach of the research is of a qualitative type based on grounded theory and the required data was obtained from two main sources, which include interviews uploaded in the net space by the managers of the transport and traffic department of Tehran and conducting interviews with experts and professors of the institute. The results were analyzed using the grounded theory method and mean comparison test.Studied Areas: The study area of this research is the metropolis of Tehran.Results: The results obtained in total showed 59 challenges in the form of three areas of policy and planning, investment and financing, and social and behavioral areas, which were categorized in 10 major areas and in the form of a paradigm model. Also, casualties caused by road accidents and the intensification of pollutant emissions were identified as the most important consequences of these challenges.Conclusion: Tehran's urban management should first focus on removing the obstacles related to the policy area and then the investment area in order to start moving towards the development of environmentally friendly transportation. Also, the improvement of causal conditions and underlying conditions can lead Tehran's public transportation to environmental sustainability in the long term. But in the short and medium term, the improvement of mediating conditions and strategic conditions can be effective, and the result of all these processes is the improvement of the consequent conditions and the improvement of the quality of the public transportation system of Tehran metropolis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - The Effect of Ornamental Plant Species in Reducing Pollution and Purifying the Air of Sports Facilities
Jalil Pourzarnegar Firoozeh PourzarnegarOrnamental plants are one of the cheapest and most natural elements for air purification and pollution reduction. The ability of this type of plant species to absorb pollutants and purify the air is undeniable. Today, due to industrialization and technological progress, MoreOrnamental plants are one of the cheapest and most natural elements for air purification and pollution reduction. The ability of this type of plant species to absorb pollutants and purify the air is undeniable. Today, due to industrialization and technological progress, air and environmental pollution has become an important concern in developing countries. The purpose of this research is the effect of ornamental plant species in reducing pollution and purifying the air of sports venues. Pollutants that affect the cleanliness of sports places include: Benzene, Formaldehyde, Carbon Monoxide, Trichloroethylene, Ammonia, Fume and Xylene. Eight plant species include: English ivy (Hedera helix), Aloe vera, devil's ivy (Epipremnum aureum), dwarf date palm (Phoenix roebelenii), spider plant (Chlorphytum comosum), variegated snake plant (Sansevieria trifasciata 'Laurentii'), boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata 'Bostoniensis') and bamboo palm (Chamaedorea seifrizii). In order to purify the air and reduce pollution, pollutants were investigated for air purification and reduction of pollutants in this research. According to the results of this research (P < 0.05), the necessary information to predict the correlation of air purification with different plant species statistically showed that, based on the model, eight studied plant species have a natural correlation with air purification and Sansevieria trifasciata has the greatest effect in reducing pollution and purifying the air of sports venues (Beta = 0.348, Value = 0.966). The results showed that in any part of the world, the studied plant species are among the most effective species in air purification, so they are suitable for streets, parks and sports places. It is suggested that by using the results of this research, the relevant officials and stakeholders should pay more attention and use the mentioned plants to improve the air quality of the city and sports facilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - Effect of Fertilizer and Soil Compactness Interaction on N, P and K in the Culture of Lawn
S. Javahery H. Zarei S. A. R. Movahedi Naeini G. Roshani M. EftekhariUnder favorable soil conditions such as existence of easily destructible organic compounds, balanced heat and moisture, adequate ventilation and abundant nutrients, organic materials are mineralized. Once mineralizing occurs, mineral elements like P, S, Ca, Mg, K and ot MoreUnder favorable soil conditions such as existence of easily destructible organic compounds, balanced heat and moisture, adequate ventilation and abundant nutrients, organic materials are mineralized. Once mineralizing occurs, mineral elements like P, S, Ca, Mg, K and other cations are released. A related study was conducted to determine the effect of seven organic fertilizers (Leaf Mold (LM), Rice Husk (RH), manure, Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC), mixture of LM, RH and SMC (M1), mixture of LM, RH and manure (M2) with the ratio of 1: 1: 1 and control) at three levels of soil compactness (roller weight of 36, 56 and 76 kg) on N, P, K content of soil and aril parts of sport lawn. Treatments were applied as strip plot design in three replications, in research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2008-2009. According to the results of this study, in all three compactness levels, treatments containing manure and SMC showed more N and K in contrast to control treatment. The most content of soil P in each compactness level was observed in plots fertilized with manure. The manure and control treatments showed the most and the least amount of plant nitrogen in all compactness treatments respectively. The manure and SMC treatments and also treatments containing these organic matters increased plant phosphorus content in compare with RH, LM and control treatments. Also in three compactness, manure and SMC treatments showed more plant potassium in contrast to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - Assessment of the Effect of Rural Transportation Cost On Agricultural Productivity in Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria
Ufedo Shaibu Felix Oyibo -
Open Access Article
537 - The relationship between Social competence and Empowerment with Organizational Citizenship in staff of Sport and Youth Organization of Tehran province
Mahbobeh mehrajee fg ghobadi mojtaba aali ebrahim deldarThe purpose of this study was The relationship between Social competence and Empowerment with Organizational Citizenship in staff of Sport and Youth Organization of Tehran province . The method of this research was descriptive and all of the staffs (Official, Contract, MoreThe purpose of this study was The relationship between Social competence and Empowerment with Organizational Citizenship in staff of Sport and Youth Organization of Tehran province . The method of this research was descriptive and all of the staffs (Official, Contract, Pact and Corporate) all of experts, responsible experts and male and females staff of sport and youth departments in Tehran province with atleast diploma were choose as research sample. According to Morgan table (n=132) was selected. In this study we used 3 questionnaire, Social competence questionnaire of Nikooraftar (2011), Empowerment questionnaire of Spritzer (1995) and Organizational Citizenship questionnaire of Padsacof (1990). Content validity and reliability of three questionnaires was confirmed. Kolmogorov-Smirnov was conformed the normality of data. Analyzing was done by Descriptive Statistics (Frequency) and Inferential statistics (Pierson correlation and Regression)(P 0/05). The results show that there is relationship between The relationship between Social competence and Empowerment with Organizational Citizenship in staff of Sport and Youth Organization of Tehran province and also the result show that Social competence and Empowerment can affect of Organizational Citizenship in staff of Sport and Youth Organization of Tehran province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
538 - Identification and ranking of barriers to the use of physical education research in the Iranian sports industry to create structural and social transformation in sport science research.
Shahab Bahrami الهام کاویانیThe purpose of this study was to identify and rank barriers to the use of physical education research in the sports industry to create structural and social transformations in research. The statistical population of this study is the managers of sports departments and o MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and rank barriers to the use of physical education research in the sports industry to create structural and social transformations in research. The statistical population of this study is the managers of sports departments and organizations, university professors and scholars. The sample was a non-random sampling with 40 physical education researcher and 40 managers. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 24 questions with 5 components whose validity was confirmed and reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha of 0.79. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Friedman, exploratory factor analysis and Yu-mann Whitney in SPSS18 software. The results showed that the lack of attention to the scientific and social needs of target organizations in physical education research, inappropriate interaction between boards and departments of sports and youth with research institutions and the lack of comprehensive rules and regulations for the application of appropriate research, respectively, were the most important Barriers to the use of physical education research have been found in the Iranian sports industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - Investigating the role of religiosity in the participation of women in sports activities (Case study: Women in Tehran)
Roya Pourmohammadi Esmaeil Jahanbakhsh Asghar MohammadiToday, women are less likely to participate in sporting activities than men, and therefore have many health problems. Regarding the importance of the subject, the present study aims to investigate the role of social religiosity in the participation of women in sports ac MoreToday, women are less likely to participate in sporting activities than men, and therefore have many health problems. Regarding the importance of the subject, the present study aims to investigate the role of social religiosity in the participation of women in sports activities using fieldwork, scrolling technique, questionnaire research tools, and the use of SPSS and AMOS software. The statistical population of the present study is all women aged 18 years and above Tehran, 600 of them using Cochran formula as sample size. The results of the research indicate that there is a significant difference between the total religiosity (P = 0.26) and its dimensions: belief in the dimension (P = 0.24), consequence dimension (P = 0.33), ritual dimension (0.31 = P) There is a positive and significant relationship between the experimental (P = 0.22) and the cognitive dimension (P = 0.28) with the participation of women in sports activities; therefore, all the research hypotheses are confirmed. The results of the structural equation model (AMOS) also showed that the total effect of independent variable religiosity on the participation of women in sports activities is 0.35. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - A Model for quality of service, satisfaction and job performance of teachers participating in extracurricular sports education courses
Hamed Hossi poor Ali Mohammad AmirtashConsidering the importance of teachers' job performance, this study attempts to investigate the relationship between the quality of service delivery, satisfaction and job performance from the viewpoint of the teachers participating in the curriculum of sports education MoreConsidering the importance of teachers' job performance, this study attempts to investigate the relationship between the quality of service delivery, satisfaction and job performance from the viewpoint of the teachers participating in the curriculum of sports education in North Khorasan Province. The purpose of this research is applied, and in terms of strategy, correlation and field and library method are done. The statistical population of this study was the teachers who referred to the sports programs of North Khorasan province, which included 220 female teachers and 390 male teachers. The statistical sample of this study was estimated by Morgan table. The tools used to collect information in this research were Putterson Job Performance Questionnaire (1970), Quality of Service Questionnaire (LOQ) (2008) and Jocoon Lane's Satisfaction Questionnaire (2008). In order to analyze the data of the present study, elongation and skeletal indices, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural model of structural equations were used. The analysis of the data in this study was conducted using SPSS and AMOS software. It turned out The results of this study showed that the quality of services affects teachers' satisfaction by 0.339 and their job performance has an effect of 0.431. In order to improve the job performance and satisfaction of teachers, in order to improve the programs, the quality of these programs should be improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - Factor analysis of the components of administrative requirements with the Social issues approach before Sports Privatization
mojtaba ahmadi Alimohammad Amirtash Alimohammad SafaniaThe aim of this study was factor analysis of the components of administrative requirements with the Social issues approach before Sports Privatization. Research methodology was exploratory mixed method. The statistical population was sports management professors, expert MoreThe aim of this study was factor analysis of the components of administrative requirements with the Social issues approach before Sports Privatization. Research methodology was exploratory mixed method. The statistical population was sports management professors, experts of sports privatization totally of 380 people and sample size was 198 people. The survey instrument was a semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. Form and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 12 professors of sport management. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained α=0.79 and was approved. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, etc.) and inferential (factor analysis) was used. All analysis using statistical software Lisrel 8.8 and Spss 20 at a significance level (α=0.05) was performed. The total variance explained showed that the research items comprise 6 factors and these factors account for about 67.945% of the variance, which in fact indicates the proper validity of the questions.The results showed that six categories of requirements before sports privatization were identified that respectively were updating the comprehensive sports plan (0.92), empowering the private sector (0.88), empowered human power (0.87), Monitoring and control (0.85), Organization and structure (0.81), Services (0.79) requirements. According to the results it can be concluded that the the country's sports authorities must pay attention to the components of the executive commitment that are appropriate to the social conditions of the community before giving the sport to the private sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
542 - The impact of organizational memory on Agility human resources In the Tehran Municipality Traffic Transportation
sediqe totiyan esfeani asadolah merara amin saberi badrAgility is a new method for the pioneer organizations in the competitive environment. In total quality management, if Agility is not regarded in an organization, it will fail. Continuous improvement (kaizen) occurs when the employees are provided with necessary informat MoreAgility is a new method for the pioneer organizations in the competitive environment. In total quality management, if Agility is not regarded in an organization, it will fail. Continuous improvement (kaizen) occurs when the employees are provided with necessary information and be trusted by the management so that their skills and capabilities could be used. Thus, the main of the research is to study the effects of organizational memory on Agility of the employees at Transportation Department of Tehran Municipality. In order to study the research a hypothesis, the questionnaire derives from Mishra’s Agility scale (1992) and the standard model of organizational memory developed by Dunham and Burt (2011) were distributed among 369 employees at Tehran urban& suburban railway operatio co branches across the city of Tehran. In order to analyze the data from the questionnaires, the linear regression method was used. It was found that organizational memory with its all dimensions including social and political knowledge, job knowledge, external networks, history and knowledge of industry affect positively and significantly on the Agility of employees at Tehran’s Tehran urban& suburban railway operatio co branches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
543 - Identification of effective factors on sport tourism in Isfahan province
arsalan balalidehkordi negar arazeshiTourism is growing as one of the most important economic sectors. Leading countries in this dimension of economic activities account for a large share of the revenue generated by the arrival of tourists annually. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying MoreTourism is growing as one of the most important economic sectors. Leading countries in this dimension of economic activities account for a large share of the revenue generated by the arrival of tourists annually. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the factors affecting sport tourism in Isfahan province by quantitative and field method. The statistical population of this study is physical education and tourism practitioners of Isfahan Province that are active in sports tourism affairs in the province. The statistical sample in this study was estimated according to the size of the statistical population through Krejcy Morgan's table. The sample size includes 132 people selected by proportional allocation method, of which 82 physical education and 50 tourists were selected and distributed 150 questionnaires among sports and tourism experts and completed and completed the completed questionnaires. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the viewpoint of sports and tourism in relation to the factors. Therefore, the province of Isfahan has a special place to attract domestic and foreign tourists, having historical and traditional values of the BCE era and its role in the development of the country's sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
544 - The Effect of Management and Organizational Arguments on Employe Province)
ehsan roshanzamir mostafa tayeb niaThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of managerial and organizational factors on employee productivity in the General Office of Sports and Youth of Fars Province. The statistical population of this research includes all employees of Fars Sports and MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of managerial and organizational factors on employee productivity in the General Office of Sports and Youth of Fars Province. The statistical population of this research includes all employees of Fars Sports and Youth Department, whose total number was 170. According to the characteristics of the population, random sampling method was used and the sample size of Jersey Morgan sample table was selected. 120 samples were selected. In this research, the Hallander Questionnaire (2001) and Employee Productivity (ACHI Questionnaire (1998)) were used to measure the management and organizational variables in the Standard Patient Questionnaire (1394) and Organizational Argument. The results showed that managerial factors of about 56% and ergonomic factors of organizational environment about 63% have a positive and significant effect on the productivity of staff of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth in Fars. The main concern and concern of the organization's managers is to create the necessary mechanisms for reaching The goals of the organization and the organization will be to achieve the goals when it comes to empowered employees. In the last decade, with the merger of the organization and the establishment of a special ministry for the management of these organizations, as well as paying attention to the allocation of special budgets to the working environment, attention has been paid to the particular attention that the Majles has about this The ministries and organizations covered have had a direct and significant impact on the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
545 - The Relationship between Social Capital and Organizational Entrepreneurship on the Role of Knowledge Management in Sports and Youth Departments of Tehran Province
mohsen Tarhani Iman Hasanvand Behnam Dehghani ebrahim deldarThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and organizational entrepreneurship with regard to the role of knowledge management in sport and youth sports in Tehran province. The present study is descriptive and correlational. The MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and organizational entrepreneurship with regard to the role of knowledge management in sport and youth sports in Tehran province. The present study is descriptive and correlational. The methodology of this research is based on the purpose of the applied and field-oriented type. The statistical population of this study is all staff of the Sports and Youth Department of Tehran province (N = 316). Sampling was simple random sampling, which according to Morgan table, 169 were selected as samples. To collect data in this research, the organizational social capital questionnaire "Nahapit and Ghasal" (1998), Keeley's Knowledge Management Questionnaire (2002) and Hosseini Enterprise Entrepreneurship Questionnaire (2011) were used. Validity of these questionnaires was approved by the professors and their reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. In this research, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. In descriptive statistics, descriptive tables and descriptors were used to describe the demographic and descriptive characteristics of the research. The elasticity and skew indices were used to examine the distribution of data (natural or abnormal) and to investigate and answer the research questions, designing a model for measuring and structural modeling of SPSS software version 20 and Smart PLS version 0.2 was used. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between social capital and organizational entrepreneurship. Knowledge management has a moderating role for the relationship between social capital and organizational entrepreneurship and is a minor type of mediator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
546 - Dynamic Analysis of Major Household Expenses on the Poverty Level in Rural Society of Iran
Seyed Ehsan Zohoori Reza moghaddasiAccording to the definition of the World Bank, considering the concept of poverty based on the standard of living and minimum subsistence facilities, in addition to the social aspect, it specifies major variables regarding household expenses. Studying the consumers&rsqu MoreAccording to the definition of the World Bank, considering the concept of poverty based on the standard of living and minimum subsistence facilities, in addition to the social aspect, it specifies major variables regarding household expenses. Studying the consumers’ behavior households needs a time series of special samples and in case of cross-section data can only rely on the correlation between the share of consumption expenditure on different goods and social factors affecting poverty and household vulnerability. In this research, the relationship between several types of major household expenses and poverty has been studied in the rural society of Iran during the 1370-1400. According to the results of IRFs and coefficients of ECM indicated the more increase in household’s hygienic and educational expenditures is effective in decreasing in poverty while the effect of hygiene expenditures has been more evident. Major suggestions include increasing treatment and educational facilities in improving nutrition and well-being and changing the attitude, vision and culture of the rural community in order to develop their public welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
547 - Considering Relationship between Women's social capital and Their Participationin sporting Activities in the Yazd City
محمدتقی ایمان زهراالسادات بنی فاطمهIn today's world of sports participation as an essential element of life is considered, Social capital is the most important person on the basis of the individual's admission that it pays to sports participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the r MoreIn today's world of sports participation as an essential element of life is considered, Social capital is the most important person on the basis of the individual's admission that it pays to sports participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between capital and young women's participation in sports. Bourdieu's theory of capital was used as the theoretical framework. The young women 18- 35 years old population of Yazd and to collect data, 200 of them were selected as examples of sampling. The findings suggest that sports participation for young women 18 to 35 years, the city of Yazd, the average level is. The mean age and employment, sports participation among respondents show a significant difference. But compared to the average sports participation among respondents in terms of education, there is a significant difference. According to the regression results, communication variables (r = 0/280) and social identity (r = 0/113) had a significant independent effect on sports participation variable in the most direct influence on sport participation of media consumption a (r = 0/463) is. Finally, social capital (r = 0/944) has the most direct impact on sports participation variable. Thus, the overall objective of this research can be found in the capital city of Yazd has a considerable impact on the social participation of young women in sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
548 - Study of Psycho-social motivations and influencing the youth sports Cyber Games (Case Study: Yazd University students)
مهربان پارسا مهر سیدپویا رسولی نژاد هادی میرزاییان مفردThe purpose of this study the psycho-social motivations influencing the youth sports Cyber Games among students of Yazd University that Theoretical framework to explain the problem and determine the benefit and satisfaction of views and replication were used. The study MoreThe purpose of this study the psycho-social motivations influencing the youth sports Cyber Games among students of Yazd University that Theoretical framework to explain the problem and determine the benefit and satisfaction of views and replication were used. The study was conducted as a survey and data collection tool was a questionnaire. The survey Yazd University students that the sample size was determined based on a formula Cochran 380. In terms of when the study was conducted in the academic year 1394-1393. The results show that all the independent variables and the dependent variable was positive and significant relationship. According to regression analysis, five variables feel a sense of competitiveness, the formation of identity, violence and social interaction in a total of 31% of the variation of cyber games sports explain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
549 - Perceived Effects of Poor Road Transportation Network on Crop Production in Kaiama Local Government Area of Kwara State, North central Nigeria
لطیف لاوا آدفولا اولوواسوگو دیوید اولورونفمی لطیف کهینده اولاتینوو یوسف اولاتونجیThis paper examines the effect of the poor road transportation network on crop production in one of the rural agrarian local government of Kwara State, Nigeria. A well-structured interview schedule was conducted to elicit information from 120 crop farmers using a two-st MoreThis paper examines the effect of the poor road transportation network on crop production in one of the rural agrarian local government of Kwara State, Nigeria. A well-structured interview schedule was conducted to elicit information from 120 crop farmers using a two-stage sampling technique. Findings from the study revealed that the poor road transportation network in their area had led to a reduction in their income, longer time in transporting produce to more buoyant markets, as well as incurring high transportation costs. Chi-square analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between age, educational level, years of farming experience, and the respondents’ perceived effects of poor road transportation network for their crop production. The study recommends an urgent intervention from government and stakeholders in terms of construction and rehabilitation of roads in these rural agrarian areas in an attempt to help improve the livelihoods of the farmers through enhancing transportation of produce to more buoyant markets in good condition and at less cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
550 - The study of Organizational learning and Psychological Empowerment in staff of Youth and Sports of Fars
omid safari gholamreza safari fatemeh hosseinihe aim of this research is study of Organizational learning and Psychological Empowerment in staff of Youth and Sports of Fars. The research statistical population includes the experts in staff of Youth and Sports of Fars and the number was 114 individuals. From 114 ind Morehe aim of this research is study of Organizational learning and Psychological Empowerment in staff of Youth and Sports of Fars. The research statistical population includes the experts in staff of Youth and Sports of Fars and the number was 114 individuals. From 114 individuals, 93 individuals were chosen as the sample through convenience sampling. Data collection was conducted by the use of standard questionnaires of Organizational learning (Nifeh, 2001) and Psychological Empowerment (Spretzer 1995) with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.74 and 0.81, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used for data description and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for inferential analysis.Results showed that Organizational learning and Psychological Empowerment had positive and significant relation (r = 0.53). According to the results of research, it is necessary to use Organizational learning in sport organization for more Psychological Empowerment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
551 - Predictability of Psychological Empowerments throuth knowledge management in Staff of Fars's Sports and Youth Department
omid safari gholamreza safari fatemeh hosseiniPredictability of Psychological Empowerments throuth knowledge management in Staff of Fars's Sports and Youth Department Abstract The aim of this research was the predictability of Psychological Empowerments throuth knowledge management in Staff of Fars's Sports and Y MorePredictability of Psychological Empowerments throuth knowledge management in Staff of Fars's Sports and Youth Department Abstract The aim of this research was the predictability of Psychological Empowerments throuth knowledge management in Staff of Fars's Sports and Youth Department. The research statistical population includes the staff of Sports and Youth Departments of Fars and the number was 114 individuals. From 114 individuals, 93individuals were chosen as the sample. Data collection was conducted by the use of standard questionnaires of knowledge management (Shervenlason, 2003)and psychological empowerment (Spreitzer, 1995. Descriptive statistics were used for data description and Pearson correlation coefficient, regression were used for inferential analysis. Results showed that knowledge management pedictability of psychological empowerments of examinees. Keywords: knowledge Management, Psychological Empowerments, Staff, Fars's Sports and Youth Department. orrelation coefficient, regression were used for inferential analysis. Results showed that knowledge management pedictability of psychological empowerments of examinees. Keywords: knowledge Management, Psychological Empowerments, Staff, Fars's Sports and Youth Department. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
552 - Study of organizational justice and psychological empowerment through glass roof in Personnel of Fars Sport and Youth Offices
omid safari fatemeh hosseniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational justice on psychological empowerment of staff of Fars youth and sport departments. The statistical sampling of research consists of 144 female Employees Fars youth and sport departments Of these, MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational justice on psychological empowerment of staff of Fars youth and sport departments. The statistical sampling of research consists of 144 female Employees Fars youth and sport departments Of these, 132 were total selected as the sample. The questionnaires of glass roof (ahmadi.2014) and organizational justice (Nihof and Morman 1993) and staff Psychological empowerment (Spritzer 1995) were used to measure the reliability of the questionnaires, which were0.78 0.82 and 0.76, respectively. Correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationships of variables and regression was used to predict the variables of psychological empowerment. The results showed that organizational justice can be a good predictor of psychological empowerment.psychological empowerment of staff of Fars youth and sport departments. The statistical sampling of research consists of 144 female Employees Fars youth and sport departments Of these, 132 were total selected as the sample. The questionnaires of glass roof (ahmadi.2014) and organizational justice (Nihof and Morman 1993) and staff Psychological empowerment (Spritzer 1995) were used to measure the reliability of the questionnaires, which were0.78 0.82 and 0.76, respectively. Correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationships of variables and regression was used to predict the variables of psychological empowerment. The results showed that organizational justice can be a good predictor of psychological empowerment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
553 - Relationship between Social Capital and Psychological Empowerment of Physical Education in Staff of Fars's Sports and Youth Department
omid safari fatemeh hosseini gholamreza safariThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and psychological empowerment of Fars's Sports and Youth Departments. The statistical population of the study included all physical education teachers Fars's Sports and Youth Department MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and psychological empowerment of Fars's Sports and Youth Departments. The statistical population of the study included all physical education teachers Fars's Sports and Youth Departments. (totally 114 people). A sample of 87 students was selected through random sampling as a sample for data collection. The sample was a social capital questionnaire (1998) and Nejatpath and Ghasal (1998) and Spreader's Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (1995). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression .The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of trust and psychological empowerment (p≤0.001). There is also a significant relationship between empathy dimension and psychological empowerment (p≤0.001). According to other results, the dimensions of social capital contribute to the psychological empowerment of physical education teachers, that is, physical education teachers have greater empathy and empowerment in sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
554 - A Survey of Loyalty Strategies and Word of Mouth Communication to Customers of Sports Products (Case Study of Adidas Brand Customers in Iraq)
Farah Nouri Razi Al-Awadi Omid Behboodi Ahmad Sharbaf EidghahiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the loyalty strategies and Word of Mouth Communication of sports product customers (Adidas) in Iraq. The research method was applied with a descriptive purpose and descriptive-correlational manner. The statistical population MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the loyalty strategies and Word of Mouth Communication of sports product customers (Adidas) in Iraq. The research method was applied with a descriptive purpose and descriptive-correlational manner. The statistical population of the study was the customers of Adidas brand sports products in Iraq, which was unknown to the researcher. The sample size was 384 based on Cochran's formula for unknown communities. The sampling method was available non-randomly. The research tool was the standard questionnaire of Alguacil et al. (2021). To evaluate the instrument's validity, content validity (approval of professors and experts) and structure (factor loads) were used. Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used for instrument reliability, and finally, the validity and reliability of the instrument were confirmed. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data using smart pls software. The results showed that loyalty strategies (credibility, trust, attitude, and homogeneity) affect the loyalty and Word of Mouth communication of Adidas brand sports products in Iraqi customers. The effect of loyalty on customers' Word of Mouth communication was even confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
555 - Compilation of Green Management Model and Sustainable Development with the Mediating Role of Environmental Attitude in Iran Football Federation
Seyed Amin Dehghan Banadaki Mohammad Hassan peymanfarThe sports industry has a tremendous impact on the natural environment; Therefore, sports organizations should use appropriate management methods to sustain the environment. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the relationship and present the model of green m MoreThe sports industry has a tremendous impact on the natural environment; Therefore, sports organizations should use appropriate management methods to sustain the environment. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the relationship and present the model of green management and sustainable development with the mediating role of employees' attitudes towards the environment in the Iranian Football Federation. The research method was a descriptive correlation, carried out by the field method. The statistical population of the research included all managers and employees of the Iranian Football Federation in the number of 157 people, of which 111 people cooperated in this study. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed by expert professors, and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that green management has a positive and significant effect on sustainable development, and green management has a positive and significant effect on employees' attitudes towards the environment. Also, employees' attitude towards the environment positively and significantly affects sustainable development. The results indicate that due to the attractiveness of football and its countless fans, the Islamic Republic of Iran Football Federation can play a significant role in sustainable development and environmental protection by implementing green management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
556 - Strategies and Consequences of Acquiring Sports Seats in International Forums and its Effects on the Development of Surrounding Areas
Elham Gorji Lora Chapari Zahra HezhabrniaThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the strategies and consequences of acquiring sports seats in international forums. The method of the current research has an exploratory-fundamental nature and a qualitative approach with a data base strategy MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the strategies and consequences of acquiring sports seats in international forums. The method of the current research has an exploratory-fundamental nature and a qualitative approach with a data base strategy has been used. The tool used was a semi-structured interview that used the opinions of 10 specialists and experts of the country. Purposeful sampling method was used for sampling. The statistical research method for data analysis is the method of coding with the help of frequency analysis, and to perform the mentioned analyzes with the help of MAXQDA 2020 software, which is special for coding in qualitative method, the codes were categorized and a conceptual model was also presented. The results showed that the strategic conditions are equal to 6 components (allocation of budget and foreign currency credits, appointment of competent managers, continuation and maintenance of seat holders with federations of other countries, role of the media, acquisition of international seats and increasing the development of interaction and communication with international sports organizations ) and the consequent conditions are equal to 6 components (development of political diplomacy with other countries, retention of seat holders, development of cultural relations, creation of memorandum and exchange, provision of presence of women to obtain seat and participation and membership in international forums). Iran's sports has not been without its share of international seats and holding the most important ones, but recklessness, selfish and selfish actions and even strange mistakes have caused their gradual loss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
557 - A Pattern for Sustainable Development from Perspective of Stakeholders Theory
Alireza Tangestani kamran feizi Jahanyar Bamdad Soufi Maryam Tangestani Seyed Mohammad Ali Khatami Firouzabadi -
Open Access Article
558 - An employee transporting problem
Ümit Yüceer -
Open Access Article
559 - Closed loop supply chain network design with fuzzy tactical decisions
Mahtab Sherafati Mahdi Bashiri -
Open Access Article
560 - Optimal (R, Q) policy and pricing for two-echelon supply chain with lead time and retailer’s service-level incomplete information
M. Esmaeili M. S. Naghavi A. Ghahghaei -
Open Access Article
561 - An optimization model for management of empty containers in distribution network of a logistics company under uncertainty
Ahmad Hosseini Tobias Sahlin -
Open Access Article
562 - A model for distribution centers location-routing problem on a multimodal transportation network with a meta-heuristic solving approach
Saeed Fazayeli Alireza Eydi Isa Nakhai Kamalabadi -
Open Access Article
563 - Designing a multi-objective nonlinear cross-docking location allocation model using genetic algorithm
Ahmad Makui Laleh Haerian Mahyar Eftekhar -
Open Access Article
564 - Yard crane scheduling in port container terminals using genetic algorithm
H Javanshir S.R Seyedalizadeh Ganji -
Open Access Article
565 - Study of Quantitative and Qualitative Growth of Scientific Productions in the Field of Professional Health Care: Emphasizing the Field of Sports Science
Mousa Yamin Firouz hossein adabi firozjah Masoud Yamini FirouzObjective: At present, scientific research and production are considered as one of the main infrastructures of any country's development, and the number of articles published in prestigious journals of the world as well as received citations as well as the quality of ar MoreObjective: At present, scientific research and production are considered as one of the main infrastructures of any country's development, and the number of articles published in prestigious journals of the world as well as received citations as well as the quality of articles are among the main criteria for measuring scientific production. Methods: This study used quantitative and qualitative indicators of Scimagojr (SJR) database for analyze the scientific evidence of Iran in four areas: Sport Sciences, Health Information Management, Physiotherapy, Sports Therapy and Professional Health (Professional Health Care Professionals) from the beginning of 1996 to the end of 2016, and the products of these four areas are: They compare each other quantitatively (number of published articles) and qualitatively (Hirsch index). Results: The results of the research showed that during the period of 1996-2016, the most scientific productions in Iran were in the field of sports science (864 scientific degrees) and the lowest scientific output was related to the scientific field of professional health (99 scientific degrees). The country has ranked Iran in the thirty-first place in the world of science, third in the Middle East and sixth Asia. Hirsh in this area was also reported 39, which indicates the poor quality of published articles. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the country of Iran in the studied areas, especially the sports field, is not in a decent position in quantitative and qualitative terms of the articles produced and the average citation received by each article in the sports science is relatively less than the total citations of Iran and less half of the global rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - Investigating the effects of sound pollution of the railway transport on the stem’s anatomical structures of plants Centaurea cyanus (Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss.) and Marian thistle (Silybum marianum L.)
م kolahi mehdi Aabbaspour Gholam hossein Farsian naserzadehMany Studies indicated the effect of environmental factors stress such as heavy elements, harmful radiation, acid rain, salt etc. on the plants, but noise stress in plants has rarely studied. Audible sound wave technology has recently been applied to plants at various p MoreMany Studies indicated the effect of environmental factors stress such as heavy elements, harmful radiation, acid rain, salt etc. on the plants, but noise stress in plants has rarely studied. Audible sound wave technology has recently been applied to plants at various physiological growth stages e.g. seed germination, callus growth, endogenous hormones and mechanism of photosynthesis and transcription of certain genes. The aim of this research was survey effects of sound waves caused by railway transport on anatomic structures of Centaurea cyanus (Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss) and Marian thistle (Silybum marianum L.). Free hand sections were taken and stained in carmine and methyl blue. Thin cut sections were observed under the research microscope (Olympus) fitted with digital camera and attached with computer. The evaluation of cross-sectional, anatomy of plant tissue was done through taking micro-photographs. Our results indicated that remarkable changes has been seen in the anatomic structure of stem treatment plant in comparison with control plants such as increasing the chromaticity of cambium layers, enhancing the thickness of the sclerenchyma bundle sheath in the xylem tissues and improving the collenchymas layer of hypodermis. The sound waves of railway transport may increase of diameter and number of cell stability tissues (Sclerenchyma, collenchyma) stem of plant. Anatomical structure of plants, under the influence of the sound waves and noise pollution caused by rail transportation as an environmental stress changes fitted plants tissues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
567 - Opportunities and Challenges Facing the Track Two Diplomacy in Iran-US Relations (With an Emphasis on Sports Diplomacy)
Soudabeh Mokhtari گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin -
Open Access Article
568 - Ranking the financial performance of Tuka Foolad companies based on organizational DNA behavior using the ELECTRE technique
Alireza Shirvani sara etemadi Zahra Alipour DarvishIn recent years, many efforts have been made to guide investors in the field of rail transportation. Comparing the performance of Toka Steel companies using financial accounting indicators shows that the companies are not ranked higher in all indicators. Financial indic MoreIn recent years, many efforts have been made to guide investors in the field of rail transportation. Comparing the performance of Toka Steel companies using financial accounting indicators shows that the companies are not ranked higher in all indicators. Financial indicators show an overview of the efficiency of the capital used by these companies.The purpose of this research is to determine the best company in Toka Foulad companies. For this purpose, in a studied period in 1400, index calculations were done using the companies' financial documents. 289 questionnaires were distributed to determine the dominant DNA of the companies. The two indicators of fixed asset turnover and return of investment return rate to assets have the greatest impact on the ranking of companies. The ELECTERI method determined that companies that own locomotives and are engaged in maintenance activities have a higher rating than companies that own wagons. By using organizational DNA behavior and determining dominant DNA (meaningful DNA), the internal performance of top companies was investigated. The final result showed that the efficiency of investment in the discussed companies in the rail transportation system is based on locomotive ownership, repairs and wagon ownership. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
569 - Dynamics of Knowledge Management Behavior on Supply Chain Transportation and Logistics Based on System Dynamics Methodology
Elham Elmi Adel Azar Farhad GhaffariToday, supply chains in organizations are moving towards the use of effective systems and undoubtedly, knowledge is one of the integral components of such systems, in the supply chain is the most important and fundamental transportation process. Knowledge management com MoreToday, supply chains in organizations are moving towards the use of effective systems and undoubtedly, knowledge is one of the integral components of such systems, in the supply chain is the most important and fundamental transportation process. Knowledge management components to help the organization achieve higher performance in transportation and distribution. The aim of this study was to provide a dynamic model for evaluating knowledge management components to help the organization achieve higher performance in transportation and distribution. For a better understanding of system behavior, relationships between system variables must be developed and the amount of variables should be simulated over time using computers. vensim software has been used for this purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
570 - Designing a Qualitative Model of Heroic Tourism Development in the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Yaser Khalpour Alamdari Vahid Shojaei Mohammad HamiThe aim of this study was to design a qualitative model for the development of championship-breeding tourism in the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The statistical sample in the qualitative section included all university experts and experts in the MoreThe aim of this study was to design a qualitative model for the development of championship-breeding tourism in the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The statistical sample in the qualitative section included all university experts and experts in the field of sports tourism and elite wrestling coaches, which was equal to 15 people. The research instrument consisted of researcher-made coding sheets whose validity was confirmed by Delphi group members and its reliability was calculated by P-Scott criterion of 0.95. Findings showed that the factors related to the development model of sports tourism related to the championship in the country's wrestling federation were identified in the form of 28 categories and 136 concept codes. And pivotal: continuous sports businesses (3 categories), strategies (3 categories), contextual conditions (9 categories), intervening or mediating conditions (4 categories) and consequences (4 categories). In general, it can be concluded that using the findings of the study, it is possible to formulate comprehensive and diverse programs of sports tourism services in "macro", "medium" and "operational" strategies to develop sports tourism related to the championship in the Wrestling Federation. To be obtained in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
571 - Model study reservoir flushing
S.H Ghoreishi M.R Majdzadeh Tabatabai -
Open Access Article
572 - Uncertainties in Evaluation of the Sediment Transport Rates in Typical Coarse-Bed Rivers in Iran
M Yasi R Hamzepouri A.R Yasi -
Open Access Article
573 - Effects of Upward Seepage on Depth of Scour Hole Downstream of Free Falling Jets Under Constant Tail Water Depth
S.M Razavi Nabavi M Shafai Bejestan -
Open Access Article
574 - Introducing a Relationship for Estimation of the Sediment Transport Rate through Rockfill Structures
J Chapokpour E Amiri Tokaldany -
Open Access Article
575 - Sediment Transport in Unsteady Flow Conditions
Seyed Amin Salamatian Amir Reza Zarrati Mojtaba Karimaee -
Open Access Article
576 - The communication between the coaches' decision-making mode and the individual creativity of Zorkhaneh athletes and the intermediary role of sports obligation
peyman golmohammadi shahab bahrami Hamid foroghiporThe purpose of the research was to relate the coaches' decision-making mode with the individual creativity of Zorkhaneh athletes and the intermediary role of sports obligation. Descriptive correlation research method that was done using structural equations. 396 Zorkhan MoreThe purpose of the research was to relate the coaches' decision-making mode with the individual creativity of Zorkhaneh athletes and the intermediary role of sports obligation. Descriptive correlation research method that was done using structural equations. 396 Zorkhane athletes who participated in the competitions of 2018 completed the questionnaires of coaches' decision-making mode, sports obligation, and individual creativity. The data were analyzed using descriptive-inferential statistical methods such as kurtosis and skewness test, confirmatory factor analysis (construct validity) and path analysis (structural equation modeling) using SPSS and Lisrel software. The results showed that the coaches' decision-making mode and its components (democratic and authoritarian) have an impact on sports obligation and sports creativity of athletes. Also, sports obligation in general had an effect on athletes' sports creativity, and the effect of the intermediary role between coaches' decision-making mode and athletes' sports creativity was confirmed. The findings of this research indicate that the coaches working in Zurkhanei sports should use a democratic decision-making mode, which considering the role of the athletes' satisfaction in the individual success of the athlete and the team, it is necessary for the coaches to use the appropriate decision-making mode to improve their satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
577 - Analysis of the relationship spiritual intelligence and organizational commitment of staff departments and youth sport (Case study: Golestan Province)
باران ورهرام عبدالرضا جعفری Abstract: Commitment is a manner that shows employees union process with organization. Spiritual intelligence is adaptive application of spiritual information in order to facilitate routing problems and achievement of the goal. So the goal research was to An More Abstract: Commitment is a manner that shows employees union process with organization. Spiritual intelligence is adaptive application of spiritual information in order to facilitate routing problems and achievement of the goal. So the goal research was to Analysis of the relationship spiritual intelligence and organizational commitment of staff of Sport and Youth Offices. population included employees of the offices of youth and sport in golestan province are 85 all together. Two Standard questionnaire was used to collect data, from Badi and his colleagues spiritual intelligence (1389) and organizational commitment of Allen and Mayer (1984) is used. The findings showed that there is a relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational commitment Multiple regression results also indicate that a standard deviation change in component of addressing the moral individualities causes (0/320) standard deviation change in the organizational commitment of Sport and Youth Offices of golestan province. Therefore, it is suggested to focus more on spiritual intelligence in Golestan province of Sport and Youth Offices as it affects the organizational commitment of the staff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
578 - Presenting a model of the role of mass media on the sports culture of women athletes in the national futsal league
Alireza zand gholamreza faraji mohamde molaesmaelieThe purpose of this study was to present a model between the role of mass media and the sports culture of women athletes in the Futsal League. The research method is structural correlation equations, based on the present, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of coll MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model between the role of mass media and the sports culture of women athletes in the Futsal League. The research method is structural correlation equations, based on the present, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical population of this study included all women athletes in the national futsal league, . A total of 198 athletes participated in the Women's Futsal League. To select the research samples, 125 people were randomly selected based on Morgan's random table, 120 questionable questionnaires were completed and returned. The measurement tools of this study were two questionnaires: the role of mass media, 25 questions by Hamidpour and Shetab Bushehri (2015) and women's sports culture, 19 questions by Darabi, Gaini and Momivand (2009). The results of structural equations showed that the effect of the role of mass media on women's sports culture (t = 2.296 and = 0.488) is positive and significant. Therefore, the role of mass media has an impact on the sports culture of women athletes in the country's futsal league. Also, in terms of importance, the role of mass media with a value of 0.695 and in terms of performance with a value of 76.134 has shown its role on women's sports culture. Therefore, the Futsal Federation should try to pay attention to the role of mass media in the Women's Futsal League and use the culture of women's sports in sports media. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
579 - Evaluation the quality of the website of the selected sports federations according to the WQEM model
علی اصغر دورودیان شیوا آزادفدا مریم مقدسThis research has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of the website of the selected sports federations according to the WQEM model., present research is an applied research in terms of purpose, and given that in this Research is based on library study MoreThis research has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of the website of the selected sports federations according to the WQEM model., present research is an applied research in terms of purpose, and given that in this Research is based on library study and field method. present study is descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of this study includes all websites of sports federations of Islamic Republic of Iran. The statistical sample is the whole number(51). The tool used in this research is WQEM, which is based on the Wisconsin McInringy (2005) logbook. The questionnaires were standard but re-approved by some sports management professors. . The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.89. Data analysis is done by using descriptive statistics using "EXCEL" and "SPSS" software. To compare the frequency of quality attributes of sports federations websites, descriptive statistics, single sample t-test, frequency table and frequency were used. The results of the research showed that the status of the selected sports federations is based on the sub-indices associated with "usability, performance, reliability and performance in desirable conditions." Also, the results of Friedman test and average rankings showed that high reliability variables have the best average rating and variables of usability, efficiency and functionality and are placed in the next row.Finally, it is suggested that a citation by the Ministry of Sports and Youth on the design of websites of subsidiary organizations be prepared by the experts of the website and sports experts and communicated to all these federations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
580 - Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host Cities
زهرا نوبخت رمضانیImpact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host CitiesAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on sport tourism in host cities. This research is a cross-sectional survey based on applied purpose and data collect MoreImpact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host CitiesAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on sport tourism in host cities. This research is a cross-sectional survey based on applied purpose and data collection method. Also, since the field method is used for data collection, this research is a survey type. The statistical population of the study consisted of sport management and marketing professors, experts from Tehran Province Cultural Heritage and Tourism Bureau, experts from Tehran Bureau of Sport and Youth Affairs, Orumieh, Semnan and business owners and hotel managers, including 151 persons. The purposive non-random sampling method was used as the statistical sample and the questionnaire was distributed among them randomly. The research questionnaire was developed by a researcher whose validity was confirmed by 10 professors and experts using Laosche's coefficient (0.62) and also by exploratory factor analysis. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha for all factors above 0.7. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used to represent demographic information (frequency tables, dispersal and central indices) and inferential statistics were used to respond to the research hypotheses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine normality of data distribution, KMO test to determine data adequacy, exploratory factor analysis to analyze data and identify key factors, then confirmatory factor analysis method was used to estimate significance, factor loadings and The most important indicators were used. SPSS software version 23 was used to calculate descriptive data and Smart PLS3 software was used for inferential data and confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the relationships between variables. The results showed that social factors include cultural model, social relationships, safety and security, customs, living standards of local communities, environmental and economic factors including investment, price of goods and lands and various markets, ease of travel and infrastructure development. The most important social factor was the cultural pattern (3.55) and the least important factor was the living standards of the local communities (3.31). The most important economic factors were investment (3.50) and the least important factor was ease of travel (2.47).The result is that awareness of the economic and social impacts is one of the factors that reduce the unwanted disruption to the life of the host community and maximize the positive economic and social impacts on sport tourism and also create a greater incentive for volunteer communities to earn a host score. income have more impact on the host city. Medium and under development and infrastructure factors had less impact than average. In general, sport tourism has both an economic and a societal impact on the host community. The cultural model was the least important one.Keywords: Sport tourism, social impacts, economic impacts, host community Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
581 - Identify sports conditions despite e-commerce in the country's industry
میثم رحیمی زاده مصطفی محمدی رئوفThe main purpose of this study was to determine the causal conditions of e-commerce in the country's sports industry. To achieve this goal, a qualitative method and in-depth interviews with the elites in this field were used. The interviews continued in a targeted manne MoreThe main purpose of this study was to determine the causal conditions of e-commerce in the country's sports industry. To achieve this goal, a qualitative method and in-depth interviews with the elites in this field were used. The interviews continued in a targeted manner and in the manner of a snowball, and finally 12people were interviewed. Finally, the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by data-based method through three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The concepts obtained from coding the signs in the causal section included fifteen items. This can be attributed to the lack of a specific trustee in e-commerce sports, lack of managerial stability, lack of comprehensive and coherent rules and regulations, lack of will of upstream sports organizations to organize e-commerce sports, lack of e-commerce structure in sports, lack of economic policy in clubs And federations, the lack of proper use of e-commerce in sports business processes and functions, the insistence on using traditional methods in sports business, the statehood of sports, the lack of copyright laws, the economic crisis and the reduction of financial resources in Sports organizations pointed out the role and importance of e-commerce, the lack of a specialized marketing force, the shortcomings in the evaluation system and the political conditions and atmosphere prevailing in the government and, consequently, the country's sports. Recognizing these factors can be a guide for policymakers in the field of sports in order to benefit from e-commerce benefits and sustainable revenue generation for the sports industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
582 - Presenting a Model of Contingent Factors Influencing Quality Management Development in Sport Organizations (Case Study of FARS)
روح اله مصلی نژاد مسعود نادریان جهرمی محمد صادق افروزه حسین دست برحق Abstractthe purpose of this study is to present a model of contingent factors affecting the development of quality management in sport organizations (studied by Fars Province Youth and Sport Directorate General). In terms of purpose, the present study was Applied More Abstractthe purpose of this study is to present a model of contingent factors affecting the development of quality management in sport organizations (studied by Fars Province Youth and Sport Directorate General). In terms of purpose, the present study was Applied in terms of data collection was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The tools used in this study were formulated after conducting interviews and reaching theoretical saturation which included 63 items in the form of 22 minor components (3 items each) and two general components (intra-organizational and extracurricular factors). Use elasticity and skewness indices to evaluate the distribution of data (natural or abnormal) and to investigate and answer research questions and to draw up a measurement model and structural model using SPSS version 24, Smart PLS version 2.0 and Max QDA Pro software were used. The results of this study showed that intra-organizational factors (organization size, type of activities, organizational structure, organization strategies (strategies), organization financial resources, disciplinary decisions (rules), managers' political behaviors, technology use in organization, relationships Organizational (Existing Staff Relations), Organizational Commitment, Staff Working Conditions, the Nature of Employee Tasks, Employee Performance Evaluation) and External Organizational Factors (Environmental Complexity, Environmental Uncertainty, Type of Organization Interaction with Society, International Law (in the Field of Sports)), International sports institutions, macro-government policy, budgetary status, how officials deal with Organization and Performance Evaluation by Upstream Institutions) Influences the Development of Quality Management in Sport Organizations (Studied by Fars Province Youth and Sport Directorate General). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
583 - The effect of talent management on objective organizational forgetting with the mediator role of organizational agility (case study: Department of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province) تت
علی اصغر دورودیان محمدرضا غفارزاده Abstract The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of talent management on objective organizational forgetting with the mediator role of organizational agility (case study: Department of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province). Th More Abstract The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of talent management on objective organizational forgetting with the mediator role of organizational agility (case study: Department of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province). The study was a descriptive based on structural equation modeling. The statistical sample was equal to population consisted of all employees of the Sports and Youth Department of Tehran province, numbering 250 people. In this research, Mahmoudvand organizational forgetting questionnaire (2011), talent management skills of Taft (2011) and Organizational agility of Spitzer (2007) were used. Descriptive statistics, and structural equation modeling were used for analyzing data. Statistical analysis of this study was performed using SPSS version 20 and AMOS software. The results showed that talent management with a regression coefficient of 0.47 and a significant level of less than 0.05 had a significant positive effect on targeted organizational obsolescence in the general administration of sport and youth in Tehran province. Also, talent management has a positive correlation with regression coefficient of 0.53 and a meaningful level of less than 0.05 on organizational agility in the general administration of sport and youth in Tehran province. Finally, the results of path analysis indicated that talent management, while having a direct impact on organizational forgetting (-0.057), through the organizational agility mediator variable of 0.526, also affects organizational forgetfulness and increases organizational forgetfulness. Therefore, it is suggested that talent management be considered as one of the most important organizational measures in sport and youth in Tehran province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
584 - Prioritize the factors affecting the ambiguous marketing
reza arian shakib seyed nemat khalife mehdi kohandel mohialdin bahariThe aim of this study was to prioritize the effective factors in the marketing of sports products. The present study was a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section included marketing experts and sports management p MoreThe aim of this study was to prioritize the effective factors in the marketing of sports products. The present study was a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section included marketing experts and sports management professors who had articles or writings in the field of research, and in the quantitative section were consumers of sports products. Statistical sample was selected in the qualitative section of 11 experts until the theoretical saturation was reached using theoretical targeted techniques and snowballs. In the quantitative section, between 5 and 10 samples were required for each item, so 308 samples. Formed statistics. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. The reliability of the interviews was 0.85 by intra-subject agreement study. Content validity in terms of experts and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) was used. Finally, six factors, namely business ethics, creativity and innovation, citizenship rights, utilitarianism, surprise advertising, and rules and regulations, influence the marketing of sports products. Therefore, novelty and attractive design in advertising, non-social discrimination, attention to citizenship obligations, creating and strengthening social norms, sustainability of advertising, increasing the desire to share advertising in the audience, cultural utilitarianism are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
585 - Identifying and ranking the challenges of improving the effectiveness of sports teaching methods in schools of Kermanshah province and providing a desirable pattern
ayob ameri razieye dastgheyb سمیه نادری شهاب بهرامیThe purpose of this study was to identify and rank the strategies for improving the effectiveness of Sports teaching methods in Kermanshah schools and providing a desirable pattern. The present research is in terms of purpose is Practical, and In terms of data collectio MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and rank the strategies for improving the effectiveness of Sports teaching methods in Kermanshah schools and providing a desirable pattern. The present research is in terms of purpose is Practical, and In terms of data collection method is Descriptive-survey. In the first part (qualitative) for conducting field interviews, the statistical community of the study was the outstanding professors of the field of sport management specializing in the field of sport schools as well as elite sports teachers who were selected purposefully for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (13 interviews With 13 people and continued to theoretical saturation). In the second part (quantitatively), after collecting the information from the qualitative research, a questionnaire was developed and the questionnaire (22 items in the form of three educational strategies, individual strategy and organizational strategy) was distributed among the sport teachers of Kermanshah province. elongation and skidding indices In order to investigate the distribution of data (natural or abnormal), to investigate and answer research questions, designing a model for measuring and structural modeling of SPSS software version 24, Smart PLS 2.0 and software Max QDA Pro version were used. Given the T-Value values (greater than 2.58), it was found that at the 0.99 level, showed that each of the educational, individual and organizational strategies is one of the strategies for improving the effectiveness of the teaching method in the schools of Kermanshah province. It was also determined that educational, individual and organizational solutions, respectively, are one of the most important strategies for improving the effectiveness of teaching methods in Kermanshah schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
586 - Q analysis in the development of public sports in South Khorasan province (with a social marketing approach)
کاظم چراغ بیرجندی شکرانه فتاده AbstractThe present study was conducted to analyze Q in the development of public sports in South Khorasan province (with a social marketing approach). The research method was applied in terms of exploratory purpose, in terms of exploratory nature and was of More AbstractThe present study was conducted to analyze Q in the development of public sports in South Khorasan province (with a social marketing approach). The research method was applied in terms of exploratory purpose, in terms of exploratory nature and was of mixed research type (qualitative-quantitative). In this study, 10 public sports activists of South Khorasan province were selected as the target population and interviewed with them based on Q method and cards based on Q propositions were distributed among them. Based on the distributed cards, 32 final propositions were identified and then prioritized by the participants. Finally, according to the findings and results of Q factor analysis, it was found that there is no mental model in relation to the factors affecting the development of public sports in South Khorasan Province (with a social marketing approach). According to these 9 models, it can be concluded that economic factors and financial support are the driving force for the development of public sports in South Khorsan province. Sport One can hope for the development of public sports in South Khorasan Province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
587 - Effect of perceived benefits in online shopping on attitude and intention to purchase sports products from the perspective of physical education students
مریم خانی زینالعابدین فلاح طاهر بهلکه ناصر بایThe main purpose of this study was to study effect of perceived benefits in online shopping on attitude and intention to purchase sports products from the perspective of physical education students. The present study was a descriptive-field survey. The statistical popul MoreThe main purpose of this study was to study effect of perceived benefits in online shopping on attitude and intention to purchase sports products from the perspective of physical education students. The present study was a descriptive-field survey. The statistical population includes all physical education students of Golestan province universities that 384 students were selected through available sampling as the statistical sample of the study. To collect research data, questionnaires of perceived benefits in online shopping of Wani & Malik (2013), attitude to online shopping of Sinha (2010), and customers’ intention to online purchase of Chou & Hsu (2016) were used. To analyze the data and identify the effects of research variables, structural equation modeling was applied.The results indicate that the ease of use of online shopping has a positive and significant effect on the attitude towards online shopping of physical education students. The effect of appropriate price in online shopping on the attitude towards online shopping was positive and meaningful. The results showed that product diversity in online shopping has a positive and significant effect on students' attitudes towards online shopping. Finally, the positive and significant effect of attitude to online shopping on the intention to online purchase of sports products in physical education students was confirmed. According to the results, providing information to customers about the use of the website by online sellers, the use of different pricing methods and the variety of products offered to customers are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
588 - Identify and prioritize staff stagnation factors based on EFA approach Case study; General Departments of Sports and Youth of the Northwestern Provinces of the Country
مصطفی شکاری حمید قاسمی عباس خدایاری Abstract Sport Organizations as the main custodians of sport exercise play a vital role in development, promotion and improvement of any kinds of sports in both public and athletic sports, and also in reducing plateuing. Therefore, the present study aimed to More Abstract Sport Organizations as the main custodians of sport exercise play a vital role in development, promotion and improvement of any kinds of sports in both public and athletic sports, and also in reducing plateuing. Therefore, the present study aimed to design employees' plateuing model among the employees of Youths and Sport General Organizations in North-West Provinces of the Country.The study was done through combined methodology i.e. quantitative-qualitative and making use of deep interview and exploratory factor analysis. Study population consisted of all employees of Youths and Sport General Organizations in North-West Provinces of the Country including 329 individuals among whom 181 individuals were selected through random-cluster sampling and based on Morgan's table. The results indicated that according to established structures from exploratory factor and factor analysis and also, structural equation analysis, totally 63 factors were identified influencing the occupational plateuing categorized in 11 sub factors and 5 main factors. Each of the main factors including skill factor (lack of technical skill and occupational immaturity), psychological factor (lack of individual motivation and external prize) inside work factor (occupational inflexibility, lack of transparency and promotion), within organization factor (lack of appropriate training and work relationships), and management factor (lack of management support and dissatisfaction of management style) influenced occupational plateauing respectively and approved the plateuing mode in youths and sport general organizations in north-west provinces of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
589 - Explaining the relationship between management، diversity and performance of athletes، with the mediating role of perceived justice in Iranian Premier League clubs
abdolrahim Khodajoo Masoud naderian Jahromi mohammad sadegh afroozeh Hosein DastbarhaghRelying on theories of social exchange and social cohesion، the aim of this study was to explain the relationship between "management"، diversity and performance of athletes، with the mediating role of justice in the clubs of the Iranian Football Premier League. This re MoreRelying on theories of social exchange and social cohesion، the aim of this study was to explain the relationship between "management"، diversity and performance of athletes، with the mediating role of justice in the clubs of the Iranian Football Premier League. This research was applied in terms of purpose، based on data collection، it was descriptive-survey. The statistical population was all the players of the teams present in the Premier Football League (N = 480) which were determined using Cochran's formula 214 people and were selected by available sampling method. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using appropriate indicators. Structural equation modeling in AMOS software was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that diversity management and organizational justice have a positive and significant effect on sports performance and these two variables can predict 41% of its changes. Diversity management also affect the perceived justice. On the other hand، perceived justice can play a mediating role in the relationship between diversity management and sports performance، ie it can transfer some of the impact of diversity management on sports performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
590 - The relationship between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars
zahra taghipor ghori omid safari afshin rostamiThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the general sports and youth departments of Fars. The statistical population of this research wa MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the general sports and youth departments of Fars. The statistical population of this research was all the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of the province, numbering 114 people, of which 94 people cooperated with the researcher by sampling method. In order to collect data, a questionnaire of personal characteristics and three standard questionnaires of organizational indifference by Danai Fard et al. (2014), organizational inertia (Goodkin and Alkron, 2008) and organizational silence (Dimitris and Vekula, 2007) were used. In order to describe the data, descriptive statistics methods were used, and for the inferential analysis of the data, the statistical methods of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression in SPSS software and structural equations were used. The findings of this research showed that there is a positive and significant effect between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Fars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
591 - Forecast the Organizational Productivity of the Sport Associations through Total Quality Management (TQM)
Mahdi Barani Mahdi Talebpour Mohammad KeshtidarAbstracThe purpose of this study was to predict the Productivity of Khorasan Razavi athletic boards through comprehensive quality management and to present a strategy for increasing productivity in Khorasan Razavi sport associations. This research is a descriptive, anal MoreAbstracThe purpose of this study was to predict the Productivity of Khorasan Razavi athletic boards through comprehensive quality management and to present a strategy for increasing productivity in Khorasan Razavi sport associations. This research is a descriptive, analytical and applied study. The sampling method was the whole population. The statistical population consisted of all staff, chiefs and managers of Khorasan Razavi province. (Rahimi, 2017) and Organizational Productivity Scale Questionnaire (Sharifi, 2011) were used and the reliability of these questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha as 0.88 and 0.88, respectively. The Watson Camera Regression and Statistics test showed that comprehensive quality management is able to predict productivity, meaning that 10% of productivity changes related to support and leadership of top management of organization, 9% of productivity changes related to program Strategic planning and 10% of productivity changes are related to staff identification and training. Considering the results of the research and the changes in productivity using comprehensive quality management, sports organizations, especially the sports boards under study, should pay particular attention to implementing and continuing to use comprehensive quality management. Since the establishment of a comprehensive quality management system in the past decades, it has been considered as an effective way to implement inclusive quality, increase productivity, effectiveness and sustainable development of sport organizations and institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
592 - fffInvestigation of sports strategies and executive plans of the country (Case study; Iranian Sailing Federation)
علیرضا سهرابیان مقدم رضا صابونچی عباس شعبانی AbstractEvery organization today needs a map through which it can mark where it wants to go and show how to get there. The purpose of this study was to review the strategies and executive plans of sports in the country's sailing federation. The research was a desc More AbstractEvery organization today needs a map through which it can mark where it wants to go and show how to get there. The purpose of this study was to review the strategies and executive plans of sports in the country's sailing federation. The research was a descriptive-analytical research from the perspective of applied purpose and is in the field of strategic studies which was conducted as a case study. The statistical population of the study includes the president, vice president and former and current secretaries of the Sailing Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, all heads and secretaries of the provincial sailing boards. The sampling method was 369 people. In the research method, to determine the perspectives of the balanced scorecard, the researchers, after gathering the required information, used them existing literature, books and publications from the point of view of the members of the steering council. Based on the research findings, revenue generation strategies, marketing and diversification of the federation's financial resources in financial terms, advertising, promotion and use of media capacity in customer perspective, development of staff participation and research and planning expansion The design of an integrated system of sporting events at the provincial level, in terms of internal strategies, consolidation and strengthening of the volunteer movement, was arranged in terms of learning and growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
593 - The effect of perceiving the desirability of a park sports space on citizenship culture with the mediating role of life and model presentation
dddd ffffff ببب ببب fff fffffThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perception of the usefulness of park sports space on citizenship culture with a mediating role in life and to present a model. The research was descriptive-analytical and conducted in the field. The statistical popu MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perception of the usefulness of park sports space on citizenship culture with a mediating role in life and to present a model. The research was descriptive-analytical and conducted in the field. The statistical population of all people 18 years and older who use sports facilities in Tehran at least twice a week constituted the statistical population of the study. According to the Cochran table, 384 people are considered for the unlimited community, which was considered as a statistical sample with a 5% probability of falling 400 people. To measure the research variables, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to understand the desirability of a park sports space, Tavassoli Citizenship Culture (2009), Rakhshani Nasab and Rashidian (2017). In this study, for structural validity (heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis), to determine the reliability of the model from two composite reliability indices and Cronbach's alpha and from divergent and convergent validity indices (Ave) and structural equation modeling from SP software .S version 23 and PLS version 2 were used. Model fit index was reported 0.72 GOF =. The results showed that the perception of the usefulness of park sports space has an effect on citizenship culture with a mediating role in life. Therefore, if we provide safe and desirable park sports facilities and healthy activities and recreation are organized in a way and in accordance with values of society, the active presence of people and, consequently, vitality and vitality of society will increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
594 - Impact of Spiritual Leadership and Social Security feeling on Empowerment of Female Managers in Tehran Municipality Sport Complexes
elahe abdolmajid faride sharifi far Impact of Spiritual Leadership and Social Security feeling on Empowerment of Female Managers in Tehran Municipality Sport Complexes AbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of spiritual leadership and social More Impact of Spiritual Leadership and Social Security feeling on Empowerment of Female Managers in Tehran Municipality Sport Complexes AbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of spiritual leadership and social security feeling on the empowerment of female managers in Tehran municipalitysport complexes. This research is an applied purpose; descriptive-correlative research. The statistical population is all female managers of Tehran municipalitysport complexes. 101 of them were selected by simple random sampling.The FERI Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire (2005); Spritzer Empowerment Questionnaire (1995) and the Maleki Social Security feeling Questionnaire (2011) were used to collect data.The validity of the theoretical model and calculating the coefficients of influence were evaluated using the structural equation modeling method by PLS software. The results of the research showed that spiritual leadership has a significant effect on empowerment (t = 3.54, p = 0.001). Also, social security feeling has a negative significanteffect on empowerment of female managers (t = -3.12, p = 0.001). Managers should strengthen the ability, spirituality and social security in their employees by learning and implementing the components of leadership in their environment, and by drawing the goals and prospects for employees to create a positive image of the future and the sense of competence and effectiveness of their efforts in order toachieve goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
595 - Comparison of the current and favorable situation of development indicators and favorable policy and policy of sports education in Iranian schools
معصومه محمدبیگی شهاب بهرامی حسین عیدی کورش ویسیComparison of the current and favorable situation of development indicators and favorable policy and policy of sports education in Iranian schools Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare the current and favorable situation of development indicato MoreComparison of the current and favorable situation of development indicators and favorable policy and policy of sports education in Iranian schools Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare the current and favorable situation of development indicators and optimal policy and policy of sports education in Iranian schools. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of implementation method. Data collection was conducted by survey method, using a researcher-made questionnaire, indicators of the development of sports education in Iranian schools. The statistical population of this study included all high school sports teachers in three cities (from three provinces) Tehran, Kermanshah and Bandar Abbas. Random stratified sampling method was used. The total number of statistical population was 353 teachers, the number of sample was 272 and the number of returned questionnaires was equal to 232 questionnaires. According to the results of the ANOVA test in the current and favorable situation in the three provinces (Tables 3 and 4), it can be seen that all five components of the development of sports education in Iranian schools in the selected provinces have significant differences. Post-test (LSD) was used to know the difference in attitudes between the provinces in the current situation. The results of this test showed that there is a significant difference between Tehran province and both Kermanshah and Hormozgan provinces (Bandar Abbas). This difference was also significant between Kermanshah and Hormozgan (P 05 0.05). Also, the mean of the current situation is M = 2.34 and the mean of the desired situation is M = 3.19, which shows that these two means are statistically significantly different at the level of P<0.01, ie teachers compared to They are more concerned about the current situation. Here are some ways to get out of the current situation.Keywords: Indicators of development, policy-making, sports education, Iranian schools, situation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
596 - Designing a Model of Entrepreneurship Sports -Recreation Tourism With Interpretive Structural Approach ئئئ
للللل ااااا ببب هههههه سید محمد رضا حسینی زین العابدین فلاح AbstractObjective: The present study sought to design a model of entrepreneurship, sports tourism, recreation with a structural-interpretive approach in the north of the country.Methodology: In terms of applied purpose and in terms of implementation method is desc More AbstractObjective: The present study sought to design a model of entrepreneurship, sports tourism, recreation with a structural-interpretive approach in the north of the country.Methodology: In terms of applied purpose and in terms of implementation method is descriptive-survey and correlational. For this purpose, in the first step, the constituent elements of the model of "development, entrepreneurship, sports tourism"-recreation from the theoretical literature (by systematic review method) were identified. The output of this step was to identify 88 sub-factors in the form of 7 main factors by Delphi method. In the next step, in order to establish the relationship and sequence between the factors and present their structural model, the method of interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used.Findings: The results indicate that the factors (cultural, social and marketing) are at level one and the factors (economic, sports structure, management and executive, entrepreneurial opportunities) are at level two.Conclusion: Finally, it can be said that the basis of the entrepreneurial model of sports-recreational tourism are factors (economic, sports structure, management and executive, entrepreneurial opportunities). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
597 - Presenting a Quantum Management Development Model in Sport Organizations with Grounded Theory Approach
نحله نظری جهرمی مسعود نادریان جهرمی حسین دست برحق Abstractthe purpose of this study was to present a quantum management model in sport organizations with a grounded theory approach. This was done by conducting a grounded theory qualitative research method. In this research, through literature review and More Abstractthe purpose of this study was to present a quantum management model in sport organizations with a grounded theory approach. This was done by conducting a grounded theory qualitative research method. In this research, through literature review and exploratory interviews to identify the components of quantum management development in sports organizations, the data extraction method and content analysis method (analysis unit coding, categories and registration unit) were analyzed. For conducting field interviews, the statistical population of the study consisted of sport management professors, managers of sport organizations (Ministry of Sport and Youth, Sport Federations), who were selected purposefully (snowball) for qualitative interviews on the subject of the research. (16 interviews with 14 individuals continued to theoretical saturation). The results showed that quantum specific traits, organization policy, infrastructures, intra-organizational factors, intra-organizational factors and financial empowerment are the main dimensions of conceptual model of quantum management components development in sport organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
598 - Consequences of word of mouth advertisement from the perspective of fitness clubs customers in Gonad Kavoos city
وحید وظیفهخواه دهجبار ناصر بای AbsrtactThe main purpose of this study was to study the consequences of word of mouth advertisement from the perspective of fitness clubs customers in Gonad Kavoos city. The present study was descriptive-correlation survey. The statistical population of this More AbsrtactThe main purpose of this study was to study the consequences of word of mouth advertisement from the perspective of fitness clubs customers in Gonad Kavoos city. The present study was descriptive-correlation survey. The statistical population of this study included all customers of fitness clubs in Gonad Kavoos city that 384 customers were selected as sample size by the available sampling method. For collecting research data, Kawakami et al (2013) word of mouth advertisement questionnaire and Chu & Yoojung (2011) attitudinal and behavioral consequences of customers were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used for data analysis.The results showed that word of mouth advertising has a positive and significant effect on increasing the awareness of customers. The effect of word of mouth advertising on the change attitude of customers was positive and significant. Another part of the results showed that word of mouth had a positive and significant effect on the recommendation of the club to others. Finally, the positive and significant effect of word of mouth advertising on the willingness to return customers was confirmed. According to the results, pay attention to the needs and wants of the fitness club customers and proper interaction with the customers are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
599 - Investigating the Impact of Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Marketing on Revenue Generation of Sports Venues and Spaces in Corona (Case Study: Sports Places and Spaces in Tehran Province)
Mhboubeh Naghavi Amir reza khademPurpose of the research; Investigating the effect of social capital and entrepreneurial marketing on revenue generation of sports venues and spaces in Tehran province was in corona. The research is applied according to the research objectives and descriptive-analytical MorePurpose of the research; Investigating the effect of social capital and entrepreneurial marketing on revenue generation of sports venues and spaces in Tehran province was in corona. The research is applied according to the research objectives and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is the managers of health clubs, bodybuilding, amateur sports clubs, swimming pools and sports places and spaces in Tehran province. Which have been selected by available sampling method. Data collection tool, in the social capital dimension of the invisible standard questionnaire and Gashl (1998), In the dimension of entrepreneurial marketing and standard questionnaires of Becherer et al. (2012), And in the income generation dimension, a researcher-made questionnaire is made. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire in terms of revenue generation based on the views of a group of economists and sports marketing experts has been confirmed and the reliability of the questionnaire has been reported based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α0 = 0.853). In order to analyze the data and describe the information, Spss22 software and Smart PLS software were used. The results showed; The value of t obtained in all studied structures is higher than 1.96. Therefore, the components of social capital and entrepreneurial marketing are of great importance on the revenue generation of sports venues and spaces. According to the research results; In times of corona crisis, the use of new technologies can play an important role in more accurately identifying customer needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
600 - The relationship between the person-job fit to structural empowerment of employees and organizational effectiveness (The study of youth and sports general directorate of Guilan state)
مصطفی رشیدی نیا رحیم رمضانی نژاد حمیدرضا گوهر رستمی مهدی جوکار Abstract This study aimed to survey of the relationship between person-job fit to structural empowerment of employees and organizational effectiveness in youth and sports general directorate of guilan state. The study method was descr More Abstract This study aimed to survey of the relationship between person-job fit to structural empowerment of employees and organizational effectiveness in youth and sports general directorate of guilan state. The study method was descriptive- correlation. Statistical society of this study was comprised of all employees of youth and sports general directorate of guilan state (110 people). Statistical sample was chosen equal to population (allpeople method). The study material included three questionnaire; person-job fit (Lauver&Brown, 2001); structural empowerment (Kordnaeij et all, 1394) and effectiveness (Chelladurai, 1987). Content validity of material was verified by 10 professors of sportive management and its reliability was verified through Cronbakh alpha (relatively 0/96, 0/88, 0/89). In order to analyze the data, the method of structural equations modeling in PLS software was used. The results showed that person-job fit has a significant relationship with structural empowerment (P=6/272; R=0/487), but its relationship with organizational effectiveness was not significant (P=1/511; R=_0/123). Also, structural empowerment has a significant relationship with organizational effectiveness (P=10/815; R=0/744). In this way, although person-job fit didn’t have significant relationship with organizational effectiveness directly, but indirectly through mediator variable, structural empowerment it can lead to improvement in organizational effectiveness. It can be concluded that lack of significant relationship between person-job fit and organizational effectiveness and meanwhile the existence of significant relationship between them through mediator variable, structural empowerment is indicative of the fact that necessarily in an organization, a very high person-job fit doesn’t lead to effectiveness but empowerment and continuous training has a very determining role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
601 - Survey and comparison of leisure satisfaction of adolescent boys participating in electronic and traditional sports
Mohamadamin Sadri mozafar ektayar Mozhgan khodamoradpoorKermanshah. According to Morgan's table, 384 people were selected as the statistical sample. Cluster random sampling method was considered. In this way, 50 questionnaires were distributed and collected in each of the eight municipal districts. 200 questionnaires were di MoreKermanshah. According to Morgan's table, 384 people were selected as the statistical sample. Cluster random sampling method was considered. In this way, 50 questionnaires were distributed and collected in each of the eight municipal districts. 200 questionnaires were distributed among adolescents who had referred to gaming centers and electronic game centers to participate in electronic games. 200 questionnaires were also distributed among adolescents who participated in sports activities in city sports clubs. For data collection, the Leisure Satisfaction Questionnaire (1991) was used, which was also used by Lane (2008). The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.81 through Cronbach's alpha. For the formal validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of ten professors and PhD students in sports management were used. Mean statistical methods, standard deviation and independent t-test were used in SPSS24 software to analyze the data.The results showed that the average leisure satisfaction scores of adolescents who participated in e-sports were 103.01 and adolescents who participated in traditional sports were 96.94. There is a significant difference between the level of leisure satisfaction of adolescents participating in e-sports and traditional sports. The average leisure satisfaction of teens who engage in e-sports is higher than teens who engage in traditional sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
602 - the impact of marketing capabilities on the performance of companies in the manufacturing sector of Iran's sports industry
mostafa fallahi mehdi kohandel nemat khalifeh mahvash noorbakhshThe purpose of this study is the effect of marketing capabilities on the performance of companies in the manufacturing sector of Iran's sports industry. The present study is a descriptive correlation with the structural equation model approach and based on time, present MoreThe purpose of this study is the effect of marketing capabilities on the performance of companies in the manufacturing sector of Iran's sports industry. The present study is a descriptive correlation with the structural equation model approach and based on time, present, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical population includes the managers of companies producing sports equipment in Tehran province. The statistical population includes all managers of companies producing sports equipment in Iran. According to statistics announced through the official website of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade, 255 people (236 men and 19 women) To be. The statistical sample was selected by integer method. Measurement tools were two questionnaires: marketing capabilities of Athahan and Gima (1995) and performance of Pertosa Ortega et al. (2010). The results of structural equations showed that marketing capability affects the performance of companies in the production sector of Iran's sports industry; Therefore, managers can use marketing capabilities to achieve better performance in the sports industry. Therefore, it is suggested that the managers of sports production companies improve their performance by implementing marketing and paying attention to sports capabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
603 - The relationship between Information Technology with Organizational Performance through Psychological Empowerment in the staff of Fars General Directorate of Sports and Youth
omid safari gholamreza safari erfan nematiThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between information technology and organizational performance through psychological empowerment in the employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. The statistical population of this research was ma MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between information technology and organizational performance through psychological empowerment in the employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. The statistical population of this research was made up of all employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars, numbering 114 people, of which 103 people cooperated with the researcher. In order to collect data, a questionnaire of personal characteristics and three standard questionnaires of organizational performance by Sarmad et al. (2010), psychological empowerment (Spritzer, 1995) and information technology by Lortz et al. (2004) were used. In order to describe the data, descriptive statistics methods were used and for the inferential analysis of the data, the statistical methods of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression were used in SPSS software, as well as structural equations. The findings of this research showed that the results of the Pearson correlation test showed a direct and meaningful relationship between information technology and its components with organizational performance and also; There was a direct and significant relationship between information technology and its components with psychological empowerment (P ≤ 0.01). The results of regression analysis showed that organizational performance can be predicted based on information technology and psychological empowerment. Finally, the results of structural equations have shown that information technology has a significant relationship with organizational performance through psychological empowerment in the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
604 - Provide modeling strategies for creating resilience of sports businesses in Corona
کاظم چراغ بیرجندی مهلا مویدی مقدمThe purpose of this study was to present a model of strategies for creating resilience of sports businesses in corona. The approach of the present study is qualitative and theme analysis was used to design the model and exploratory interview was used to collect data. Th MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model of strategies for creating resilience of sports businesses in corona. The approach of the present study is qualitative and theme analysis was used to design the model and exploratory interview was used to collect data. The statistical population consists of sports business owners (sports clubs). Due to the importance of the research topic, sampling of snowball chains has been used and the number of samples for interviewing is 10. To determine the validity of the study, acceptability, transferability and verifiability were used and its reliability was determined by agreement between the two coders as 0.88.The results show that strategies such as, innovation and continuous learning, for the resilience of sports businesses. Networking, marketing, crisis management, behavioral skills, and strategic and entrepreneurial thinking are effective, which can be examined in two macro dimensions: empowerment and entrepreneurial capacity building, so it is recommended that sports club owners be able to Coronas will survive and even become profitable as a result of the above factors will see the business boom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
605 - Qualitative study of green human resource management Case study: Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Ali Elmi Shiva Azadfada Reza Shajie Ahad RezayannQyebashiThe purpose of this study is to identify the effective factors of green human resource management in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The method of the present research is qualitative and exploratory. The statistical population included MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify the effective factors of green human resource management in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The method of the present research is qualitative and exploratory. The statistical population included university professors in the field of sports marketing and managers of domestic sports brands. The statistical population consisted of experts, experts with university teaching experience and activists in the field of green human resource management, experts of sports federations and boards, staff and officials of sports and youth departments, policy makers and sports consultants. Sampling method was used as non-probability sampling, with purposeful selection and with maximum variability or heterogeneity. The sample size in this study was equal to 20 people based on the theoretical saturation index. The interview measurement tool was open and was analyzed based on three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results obtained from the analysis of qualitative interviews showed that the development of a green human resource management model in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran consists of 102 open codes and also consists of 12 core categories. Finally, it can be said that the attention of the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth to the issue of green human resource management can help improve the organization and its sustainability as much as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
606 - The need for an outsourcing development of sports marketing activities in academic sport
رحیم شیرازی نژاد احمد ترک فر محمد صادق افروزه حمیدرضا صفری جعفرلو مریم قدسیThe need for an outsourcing development of sports marketing activities in academic sport Abstract The present study was designed and implemented to assess the development of outsourcing of sports marketing activities in university sports. The present research is a mix MoreThe need for an outsourcing development of sports marketing activities in academic sport Abstract The present study was designed and implemented to assess the development of outsourcing of sports marketing activities in university sports. The present research is a mixed research carried out in qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative section included all experts familiar with the field of university sports and marketing across the country in public, free, Payam-e-Noor and applied science universities. These included some academic experts, instructors from academic teams, faculty members familiar with the field of research, as well as physical education directors from the country's universities. It is estimated that there were about 190 of them. In the qualitative part, the sampling method was targeted. For this purpose, 12 elites and experts were selected as the research sample in the qualitative section. According to Morgan's sample size chart, 123 people were used as a sample in the quantitative research section. In a small section, in order to determine the research samples, the available sampling method was used. Thus, after broadcasting and collecting questionnaires, 108 questionnaires were analyzed.The data gathering tool was a questionnaire and interview. In the quantitative analysis section, Structural Equation Method with Python approach is used. The qualitative research results showed that 41 characteristics were extracted through interviews, and these characteristics were classified into 6 categories including strategic considerations, technical infrastructure, management processes, academic quality of academic sport, facilitation of law and motivational characteristics. The results of the research showed that among the needs related to the development of outsourcing of sports marketing activities in academic sport, management processes with the impact of 95.2% of the most important needs have been identified. Also, the results of this study showed that the need for technical infrastructure with the impact of 0.938 and also the need for strategic considerations with the impact of 0.931 of the important needs of outsourcing the development of sports marketing activities in academic sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
607 - Compilation of hosting strategies for World Armies Sports Competitions (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran
HAMID OMIDI , Farideh Ashraf Ganjouei, Esmaili, Mohammad RezaThe purpose of this study was to Compilation of hosting strategies for World Armies Sports Competitions (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was qualitative. This research is descriptive and is in the field of strategic studies. The statistical po MoreThe purpose of this study was to Compilation of hosting strategies for World Armies Sports Competitions (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was qualitative. This research is descriptive and is in the field of strategic studies. The statistical population of the study included all individuals active in physical training of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and active specialists in physical training of AJA, as well as athletes and coaches who had a history of participating in seismic competitions. The statistical sample was purposefully selected from the community and continued until the theoretical saturation of the interview (12 open interviews). The tools used in this study were interviews and discussions with elites, library studies. To achieve the objectives of the research using the Delphi method, a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of hosting and hosting World Army competitions in Iran was prepared and finalized in three stages with the opinion of experts. The results of this study showed that the strategic position of the country in hosting seismic competitions was in a so or competitive situation. Also, 9 general strategies in the field of seismic hosting in the country were developed by the Strategic Research Council. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
608 - Analyzing the Relationship between Political Skills and Pro-Social Rule Breaking Among Sports Managers with the Mediator Role of Assertiveness
Davood Nasr Esfahani somayeh rahbari Ruhollah RamyarThe aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between political skills and Pro-social rule breaking among sports managers with a mediating role of assertiveness. In terms of purpose, this research was an applied research with a quantitative approach , it MoreThe aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between political skills and Pro-social rule breaking among sports managers with a mediating role of assertiveness. In terms of purpose, this research was an applied research with a quantitative approach , it was considered as a correlational research. The statistical population of this research includes the Iran's sports (N=373), based on the Karjesi and Morgan table, 191 people were considered as a sample. The research collection tools were Fries et al.'s political skills (2007), Wardaman et al.'s (2014) pro-social rule breaking, and Ratos assertiveness (2007) questionnaires. According to the results of the research, it was found that the state of political skill and courage in the Iran's top sports managers was at a favorable level, while the state of benevolent law breaking was not significantly different from the average level. The results showed that there was political skills had a direct and significant relationship between pro-social rule breaking (r = 0. 68), political skills and assertiveness (r = 0. 89), and assertiveness on pro-social rule breaking (r = 0. 30) in senior sports managers. The results also confirmed the existence of a significant and positive effect of political skills on pro-social rule breaking with the mediation role of assertiveness in senior sports managers (r = 0. 26). The research model also had a good fit. The presence of political skills in sports managers creates a phenomenon of assertiveness in these people and increases pro-social rule breaking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
609 - Standardization of the decision-making questionnaire in elite football and futsal referees in Asia
Ramin Iraji Noghondar Hamid Ghasemi Abolfazl FarahaniThe aim of this study was to Standardization of the decision-making questionnaire in elite football and futsal referees in Asia. The statistical population of this study was elite soccer referees and Asian futsal in two sections of men and women, among which 292 questio MoreThe aim of this study was to Standardization of the decision-making questionnaire in elite football and futsal referees in Asia. The statistical population of this study was elite soccer referees and Asian futsal in two sections of men and women, among which 292 questionnaires were collected. In order to collect data, a social-researcher-made decision making questionnaire, which consisted of 25 questions, was used. Face and content validity of questionnaire was accepted after translation by professors sport management specialists. Statistical methods were descriptive statistics and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Analytical results showed (α=0.82) reliability for decision making questionnaire. All questions had a significant relationship with their agent in reliability of Structure, the amount of relationship and T-value, and they could be a good predictor for their agent. X2/df=2.21, RMSEA=0.065 indexes and NFI=1.00, CFI=1.00, IFI=1.1, GFI=0.93 and AGFI=0.92 also confirmed the goodness of models. Also, the results about the relations of factors with the meaning of decision making showed that all factors could be a good predictor for the concept of decision making. Questionnaire decision making reliable and valid measure that can be used to evaluate decision making in the field of sports and reliable and consistent results are achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
610 - The effect of two leadership styles on students' sports motivation
Majid Khalili reza sabonchi mohammad Nikravan Najaf AghaeiThe present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two leadership styles sports on sports motivation among the students. The population included 2056 female students in Qom. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two exp MoreThe present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two leadership styles sports on sports motivation among the students. The population included 2056 female students in Qom. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group involved task-oriented motivational climate (participatory and voluntary activities) while the second experimental group experienced the self- oriented motivational climate (competitive and compulsory activities) and The control group kept up doing the usual physical education program in school . the sports motivation questionnaire Malta et al (2007) was used to collect the data. Kruskal-wallis and will coxon statistical tests were identified, sports motivation including: intrinsic motivation, Integrated regulation, External regulation and decreased amotivation was raised significantly on account of creating a motivational climate according to task-oriented method. but meaning growth statistically was not observed in the other two groups, Therefore participation in physical activities through creating a task-oriented motivational climate to plays an important role in responding to their motivational needs and persistence in sports experiences Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
611 - Validation of the questionnaire of factors affecting the evaluation of sports federations in the country
mohammad norozyan mozhgan khodamoradpor mozafar yektayar heresh soltanoanahThe purpose of this study was to validate a questionnaire affecting the evaluation of sports federations in the country. The research method is mixed or in combination, according to the purpose of the research. They included directors of sports federations and boards, s MoreThe purpose of this study was to validate a questionnaire affecting the evaluation of sports federations in the country. The research method is mixed or in combination, according to the purpose of the research. They included directors of sports federations and boards, staff members of sports federations and boards, and staff and officials of sports and youth departments. SPSS Sample Power software was used to determine the sample size in a small step. Using this method, the sample size was estimated to be 370 people, of which 370 questionnaires were distributed and collected among the statistical population. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The questions in this section were obtained based on the model derived from the researcher-made questionnaire. The scoring type of this questionnaire was based on the 5 Likert scale. Based on data analysis of 62 basic concepts, 9 main categories were identified. The identified indicators included managerial and financial factors, development of sports infrastructure, development of physical and equipment resources, educational factors, support and planning affairs, information technology, control and supervision, and cultural factors. The results showed the confirmation of items and factors in the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis tests, which means that the factor loads of items and factors were higher than 0.4. Finally, considering the growing trend of sports in the world arena, the enlightened managers of the federations should put this criterion at the top of the programs in developing their programs, and by evaluating and measuring performance, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
612 - Presenting a Paradigm Model of ambush marketing risk management in sporting events
Zohre Kamalian Zynalabedin Fallah Taher Bahlekeh Asra AskariThe purpose of this study was presenting a paradigmatic model of ambush marketing risk management at sporting events. Research methodology in terms of purpose, development and it was a kind of data analysis of the foundation. 14 elites in the field of sporting events an MoreThe purpose of this study was presenting a paradigmatic model of ambush marketing risk management at sporting events. Research methodology in terms of purpose, development and it was a kind of data analysis of the foundation. 14 elites in the field of sporting events and university professors in the field of physical education were selected by snowball method and theoretical saturation for semi-structured interviews. From the combination of factors extracted from library resources and the opinions of sports management professors, managers and specialists of sport events, 45 components were obtained in the form of 8 factors. These factors included factors related to spectators, marketing, cultural, event and sport, sponsor, legal, managerial and media. The results of this study, by presenting a comprehensive and comprehensive model, provide a comprehensive framework for dealing with the risks of ambush marketing in major sporting events, which can be used to prevent up to a high percentage of sponsorship rights and reduce their support for the event and is practically effective in improving financial support for sporting events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
613 - Identifying the factors of law evasion in the sports and youth department of Kerman province
sajad shamsinia mohammad pourranjbarThis research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting lawlessness in sports and youth departments of Kerman province. The research approach is qualitative. The participants in this research included elites in the field of organizational behavior MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting lawlessness in sports and youth departments of Kerman province. The research approach is qualitative. The participants in this research included elites in the field of organizational behavior in sports. The selected sample is done by the theoretical method and its judgment type. In this research, based on the four criteria proposed by Goba and Lincoln, validity, confirmability, reliability and transferability were considered in order to increase the quality of the research. Retest reliability method was used to measure reliability, which refers to the consistency of data classification over time. The intra-subject agreement is equal to 0.87 which is suitable. Based on the findings of the interview, the factors affecting law evasion in sports and youth departments of Kerman province include inefficient structure, inefficient management, regulatory laws, individual and social norms. The category of inefficient structure includes the components of inappropriate organizational culture, inappropriate organizational structure, lack of stability, lack of meritocracy. The category of ineffective management includes the weakness of creativity and innovation, injustice and inequality, unreasonable management style; The category of regulatory laws includes weak laws and regulations, weak monitoring and inspection; The category of individual and social norms includes individual spirituality, tendency to individualism, individual values, media characteristics, and cultural and social values. Therefore, in order to reduce lawlessness, these components should be carefully examined and controlled. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
614 - Compilation of performance evaluation of sports programs of provincial broadcasting centers based on 72 degree feedback system
حسین صفدری حسین ... حسن فهیم دوین محمدرضا اسماعیل زادهThe purpose of the research is to identify the performance indicators of the sports programs of the provincial broadcasting centers based on the 720-degree feedback system. and foreign customers. First, in order to identify indicators, interviews with 14 knowledgeable e MoreThe purpose of the research is to identify the performance indicators of the sports programs of the provincial broadcasting centers based on the 720-degree feedback system. and foreign customers. First, in order to identify indicators, interviews with 14 knowledgeable elites were used, and from open, central and selective coding, 83 open codes, 20 central codes and 7 selective codes were finally obtained. The results of the internal layer showed that in the summer of 2019, the indicators of scientific needs assessment, scientific investigations, and the use of up-to-date science were in a favorable condition in terms of the external layer. To compare the amount of changes in the internal layer and the external layer, the Mann-Whitney test has been used, and the results of the test showed that there is a difference between the amount of changes in the indicators of content monitoring, education, development view, news, appropriateness and coordination in the internal and external layers. A significant difference can be seen before and after the presentation of the feedback, in this way that the amount of changes in the provincial sports programs of the Broadcasting and Television in terms of the internal layer after the presentation of the feedback was more than the external layer. The general results of the research showed that the performance of Sed and Cima's provincial sports programs is not in a favorable condition and basic measures should be taken to fix it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
615 - A comparative study of Iran's citizenship sports with selected
ahmadreza kiani Seyed Ehsan Amirhosseini mehrzad hamidiThe purpose of the research was the comparative study of Iran's citizenship sports with selected countries.. The research method is descriptive-comparative and applied in terms of purpose. done in the field and in a mixed qualitative and quantitative manner. The statist MoreThe purpose of the research was the comparative study of Iran's citizenship sports with selected countries.. The research method is descriptive-comparative and applied in terms of purpose. done in the field and in a mixed qualitative and quantitative manner. The statistical population included 18 experts in the qualitative section and 18 managers in the quantitative section, including managers and experts in the field of public sports of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and provincial administrations, officials and experts of the federation and the board of public sports, and managers and physical education experts of municipalities. First, 384 people were selected as a sample by stratified random sampling method and based on Cochran's formula by simple random sampling method. Data were collected from the research literature, expert opinions and a researcher-made questionnaire, and in the comparative section of the factors of development of citizenship sports in Spain, England, Norway, Turkey, Hong Kong and Thailand by a Beredi model method that has stages of description, interpretation, proximity and comparison. Is checked. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors of sports management at the university and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.86). Factors were also ranked by Friedman test. The research model showed that 16 factors in the personal, social, environmental and policy areas are effective on Iranian citizenship sports and the policy factor is the most important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
616 - Explaining the factors affecting the quality of hosting international military competitions (SIZM) based on the oral history approach
Hooman Ordookhani farshad Tojari Zinat NikaeenConsidering the increasing importance of international military competitions (SISM) at the global level, the need to improve the quality of hosting in these competitions is felt more and more. This research aims to explain the factors affecting the quality of hosting in MoreConsidering the increasing importance of international military competitions (SISM) at the global level, the need to improve the quality of hosting in these competitions is felt more and more. This research aims to explain the factors affecting the quality of hosting international military competitions by using the oral history approach and the descriptive-analytical research method. Based on the findings of the research, the responses of the statistical community of the research were focused on five components, which include security, location and accommodation conditions, socio-cultural conditions, political conditions and finally the opening and closing conditions of the games. Based on the answers of experts; Iran's conditions and performance in order to improve the security of all players and spectators have been evaluated as very favorable. In addition, the opening and closing conditions, as well as the accommodation of the athletes, and all the basic indicators in the location of the temporary residences of the players, were given due attention. However, one of the main restrictions on Iran's hosting conditions in Sizm competitions based on the response of the statistical community is the socio-cultural and political conditions governing the country, which are mentioned in detail at the end of the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
617 - Identifying the antecedents affecting the behavioral intentions of fans of Iran Premier League based on cognitive theory
ahmad esmaili Nasrollah Mohammadi Farshad EmamiThis research is based on cognitive theory with the aim of identifying the antecedents affecting the behavioral intentions of fans of Iran's premier football leagueThe statistical population of the research was all the fans of football clubs in the Premier League of Ira MoreThis research is based on cognitive theory with the aim of identifying the antecedents affecting the behavioral intentions of fans of Iran's premier football leagueThe statistical population of the research was all the fans of football clubs in the Premier League of Iran. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula including 384 people and finally 410 questionnaires were statistically analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part was conducted with the aim of investigating the demographic characteristics of football fans such as age, gender and education level. The second part focused on fans' evaluation of skill performance, environment, and congeniality, passion of other consumers, consumer-to-consumer interaction, and behavioral intentions. To measure the research variables, Ko et al. skill performance questionnaire (2011) with three questions, Fu et al.'s Self-congruence questionnaire (2017) with four items, Ku et al. Ambience questionnaire (2011) with three items, Other consumers’ passion Chen and colleagues (2013) with three items, Consumer to consumer Interaction Kim et al. (2018) with three items and Jang and Namkung (2009) behavioral intentions with three items were used. The final model of the research using partial least squares technique and SmartP software. L. S was validated. The results of the hypothesis test showed that environmental factors, skill factors, interaction with other fans, enthusiasm of other fans and homophobia had the greatest effect on fans' behavioral intentions, respectively. Therefore, knowledge of the mentioned factors provides necessary conditions for managers and organizers of sports competitions for better management of fans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
618 - Sport and Psychosocial Development
Susan RahimzadehBecause sports and physical activities provide many interaction opportunities, they can accelerate socializa-tion, enhance coping abilities, and promote a healthy life style. The psychosocial development of 172 female and male athletes in individual and team sports and MoreBecause sports and physical activities provide many interaction opportunities, they can accelerate socializa-tion, enhance coping abilities, and promote a healthy life style. The psychosocial development of 172 female and male athletes in individual and team sports and of nonathletic students was assessed in this study, using Hawley’s Measure of Psychosocial Development (MPD) with 27 subscales of positive, negative, result and total. Manova results indicated: Sports effect psychosocial development (p<0.004, f=1.866); gender has no effect on psychosocial development; the psychosocial development of the athletes in individual and team sports were the same. According to these findings, it seems the study of participation, cooperation, reciprocity and cohesion, especially task cohesion, is necessary in order to understand more fully the effects of team and individual sports on psychosocial development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
619 - Perfectionism and Competitive Anxiety in Athletes
Mohammad Ali Besharat Seyedeh Asma Hoseinin order to explain different aspects of competitive anxiety including cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence as related to dimensions of perfectionism including striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) and negative reaction to imperfection (nega Moren order to explain different aspects of competitive anxiety including cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence as related to dimensions of perfectionism including striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) and negative reaction to imperfection (negative perfectionism), 173 volunteer athletes (115 males, 58 females) from different Iranian sport federations participated in the current study and completed the Competitive Perfectionism Scale (Besharat, 2009a) and the Multidimensional Competitive Anxiety Questionnaire (Besharat, 2009b). The results revealed that 1) striving for perfection (positive perfectionism) was negatively associated with cognitive and somatic anxiety, and positively associated with self-confidence, 2) negative reaction to imperfection (negative perfectionism) was positively associated with cognitive and somatic anxiety and negatively associated with self-confidence, and 3) dimensions of perfectionism can predict changes related to athletes' competitive anxiety. Moreover, striving for perfection decreased competitive anxiety and increased self-confidence through reinforcing personal feelings of competence, control and management of competitive conditions and concentration while performing sport skills and techniques. Conversely, negative reaction to imperfection, increased competitive anxiety and decreased self-confidence by weakening personal feelings of competence, control and management of competitive conditions and disturbing concentration while performing sport skills and techniques Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
620 - The role of sport and personality traits in psychosocial development of students
Negin Naseri Tafti Shahla Pakdaman Ali AsgariIn this study, a sample of 377 female undergraduate students (188 non-athletes and 189 athletes) completed the Measures of psychosocial development questionnaire (Hawley, 1988) and Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992). The Results showed that : a) the levels MoreIn this study, a sample of 377 female undergraduate students (188 non-athletes and 189 athletes) completed the Measures of psychosocial development questionnaire (Hawley, 1988) and Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992). The Results showed that : a) the levels of personality components, except for neuroticism, were higher in athletes than in non-athletes; b) athletes were more psychosocially developed than non-athletes; c) the psychosocial development was correlated positively with extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and negatively with neuroticism; d) athletes with high neuronticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, were more psychosocially developed than non-athletes but extrovertted non-athletes were more psychosocially developed than introverted athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
621 - Comparing the attitudes of athletic students and coaches tpwards sport psychology
Hadi Kajbafnejad Rezvan Rezvany Aslthis research compared the attitudes of college and high school athletes and coaches towards sports athletes, with equal number of males and females, completed the attitudes towards sports ps Morethis research compared the attitudes of college and high school athletes and coaches towards sports athletes, with equal number of males and females, completed the attitudes towards sports psychology questionnaire (Martin et. al., and college level athletes regarded sports psychology more positively than high-school athletes did. There was not a significant gender differences in attitude towards sport psychology. Possible applications of the results are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
622 - A comparative study of stress level among athletes and non-athletes
Bahram AbediThe current study measured stress in students, 200 student athletes (100 female and 100 male) with a mean age 19 years and 300 non-athlete students (150 females and 150 males) with a mean age of 18 years were selected from Islamic Azad University and administered the St MoreThe current study measured stress in students, 200 student athletes (100 female and 100 male) with a mean age 19 years and 300 non-athlete students (150 females and 150 males) with a mean age of 18 years were selected from Islamic Azad University and administered the Stress Questionnaire (Dyer, 1987). Results of ANOVA showed that the non-athlete students experienced more stress than the athlete group. There were no significant stress differences based on gender. Findings were interpreted based on the role of physical activity in reducing stress levels in the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
623 - The impact of governance quality on the industrial export advantage
Hedayat Hatami Kaveh Derakhshani Darabi Dariush HassanvandThe purpose of this study is to identify the affecting factors of the industrial products export advantage with an emphasis on the governance quality. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and identifying the affecting variables of the export advantage, the r MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify the affecting factors of the industrial products export advantage with an emphasis on the governance quality. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and identifying the affecting variables of the export advantage, the relationship between variables is estimated with using the panel data models and data of 82 selected countries in the period of 2007-2018. The results showed that governance quality and the quality of transportation infrastructure had a positive and significant relationship with the industrial products export advantage index. Also, the coefficients of the real exchange rate and foreign direct investment are also positive and significant. Based on the results, institutional quality and good governance through creating a stable environment and reducing costs ultimately lead to improving the export advantage in industrial production. Based on the results, policy stability, transparency of laws and contracts, attention to property rights, as well as decisiveness and speed of contract enforcement are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
624 - Civil liability for damages caused by the transportation of oil and gas through pipelines
amin alboshokeh Abdolhossein Shirvi KhozaniField and Aims: transportation through pipelines is one of the emerging ways of transporting materials and goods in the world, which is in the center of attention day by day due to its special and unique advantages and capabilities in moving materials such as oil, gas a MoreField and Aims: transportation through pipelines is one of the emerging ways of transporting materials and goods in the world, which is in the center of attention day by day due to its special and unique advantages and capabilities in moving materials such as oil, gas and other condensates. The growth and development of the transport sector is placed in the countries. But this method may cause damages that will result in civil liability.Method:The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: The relevant rules in the field of responsibility of the carrier in the field of oil and gas transportation through pipelines in Iran's legal system and also in the international legal system are not very developed. We are general transporters. In the transportation of oil and gas through pipelines, the nature of the transportation contract in commercial law also applies to it in such a way that according to the contract concluded between the shipper and the carrier of the cargo (oil and gas), the carrier is required to comply with all the provisions of the agreement. is in the contract, and if he has been negligent in this regard, he is responsible for the consequences and damages caused by this failure, unless the damages were caused by factors outside of his authority (such as the authority of Cairo), in which case he is also required to To prove this external factor is for exemption from responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
625 - An introduction to the resolution of football disputes in the Iranian and international system
morteza shoaei hojat erab sheybani Field and Aims: Football has been commercialized and turned into an industry over time. The importance and global impact of football has led to large investments in this sport, which may lead to disputes. This form of disputes is known as sports disputes, and in t More Field and Aims: Football has been commercialized and turned into an industry over time. The importance and global impact of football has led to large investments in this sport, which may lead to disputes. This form of disputes is known as sports disputes, and in the current research, we seek to investigate what is the origin of football disputes. And what methods are foreseen in the Iranian system and the international system to solve it?Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Sports disputes are a type of disputes that refer to professional sports that are directly in the field of sports law and include the rules governing sports, the organization of clubs, establishing discipline in the territory of each sport in order to force Athletes and those involved must obey the decisions and observe the limits and limitations of sports activities and observe the foundation of ethical principles. Sports disputes in the field of football may be criminal or legal (due to civil liability or violation of contractual obligations).In Iran's legal system, there are two ways to resolve sports disputes, one of which is through judicial authorities and the other is through quasi-judicial authorities (self-regulation). Regarding football, according to the provisions of the legal pillar in the constitution of the football federation and also the judgment of the Supreme Court of the country, handling the lawsuit is within the jurisdiction of the judicial pillar of the federation. In the international arena, there are institutions to resolve sports disputes. These authorities include football confederations, FIFA Dispute Resolution Authority and the Court of Arbitration for Sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
626 - Resolving disputes in the procedure of the International Court of Arbitration for Sport
morteza shoaeiField and Aims: Dispute resolution through arbitration in the domestic and international arena has revolutionized the dispute resolution system. In the meantime, sports disputes are not excluded from this and an international court has supported this structure. Based on MoreField and Aims: Dispute resolution through arbitration in the domestic and international arena has revolutionized the dispute resolution system. In the meantime, sports disputes are not excluded from this and an international court has supported this structure. Based on this, in this article, we will examine what is the position of dispute resolution in the procedure of the International Court of Arbitration for Sport. Method: This research was carried out in terms of practical purpose and in terms of gathering information by documentary method and through the study of valid laws and sources, and the obtained information was analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner. Findings and Conclusion: Creating a specialized authority to resolve international disputes and providing a flexible, fast and low-cost procedure led to the formation of the Sports Arbitration Court. From the very beginning of its establishment, it was clear that the jurisdiction of the court should not be imposed on athletes or federations, but should be freely available to the parties. The statutes and regulations of the court have provided only one type of dispute proceedings, regardless of the nature of the dispute. The procedure of the court is first based on compromise, and if no peace is reached, proceedings are carried out in order to issue an arbitration award. In 1994, this structure underwent changes, and these changes included the creation of two arbitration divisions (regular arbitration division and appeal arbitration division) in order to create a clear distinction between exemplary disputes and disputes resulting from a decision taken by a sports body. Also, in the rules of this court, the cases that the court has the jurisdiction to deal with have been enumerated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
627 - An Investigation of the effects of transportation infrastructure on foreign direct investment in Iran (5874-2117)
Armin Rajabzadeh Mina Mahjoub laleh Mohammad Reza Abbasi AstamalStrong infrastructure cause reduction in transportation costs that this reduction is a motivation for entering regional and multinational firms and attraction of foreign investment. The aim of this research is to study the effect of transportation infrastructure on fore MoreStrong infrastructure cause reduction in transportation costs that this reduction is a motivation for entering regional and multinational firms and attraction of foreign investment. The aim of this research is to study the effect of transportation infrastructure on foreign direct investment in Iran during 5874-2117. By using time series econometric measuring; Johansen Co integration method the long-run relationship has been investigated and according to Error Correction method the short-run relations have been studied. The results show that transportation infrastructure has significantly and positive effect on foreign direct investment by coefficient of 2ه22. But in short-run there is no causative relationship between capital stock of transportation on foreign direct investment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
628 - Explaining Model of Attitude towards Advertising in Sporting Goods via Instagram Using Technology Acceptance Model
Atefeh Shekari Sayyed Najmoddin Mosuavi Abdolkhalegh Gholami Chenarestan OlyaThe purpose of this study was to explain the model of attitude towards advertising in sporting goods through Instagram using technology adoption model. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive - exploratory in nature and method. In this study, qualit MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the model of attitude towards advertising in sporting goods through Instagram using technology adoption model. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive - exploratory in nature and method. In this study, qualitative-quantitative method has been used. So that the qualitative method used in-depth interviews and the quantitative method by a researcher-made questionnaire. The first statistical population of the study Includes professors, experts and experts in sports marketing, marketing experts at Persian Gulf University, Chamber of Commerce and Customs Office of Bushehr Province And the second statistical population were users of the Instagram network. The first statistical sample of the study was randomly selected from 15 to 30 people. The second statistical sample of the study, due to the unknown volume of the population, 384 people were selected randomly and purposefully. The tool used included two open-ended questionnaires and a Likert spectrum questionnaire provided by 384 cyberspace users Simple random method was used. Analysis of the results of this study by structural equation method Done with SPSS and PLS software. The results showed respectively Indicators of benefits, quality of advertising, awareness at social levels, and monetization with Squared 0.94, 0.85, 0.78 and 0.66 Variable changes explain the acceptance of sporting goods advertising. In general, advertising via Instagram as one of the most important sports marketing tools can play an important role in marketing strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
629 - Develop strategies for developing student startups in the country's sports
Ehsan Taghavi Rafsanjani Mina Hakakzadeh Mohsen Manochehri NegadThe purpose of this study was to develop strategies for student startup development in the country's sports. The research method was a two-step exploratory combination of instrument making. In the qualitative section, using targeted sampling method and theoretical satur MoreThe purpose of this study was to develop strategies for student startup development in the country's sports. The research method was a two-step exploratory combination of instrument making. In the qualitative section, using targeted sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, 16 experts to identify the framework of strategies for developing student startups in the country's sports have been selected and interviewed. In a small part, the research method was descriptive-survey. All physical education students in the country are being studied. Based on estimating the optimal sample size, 281 samples were collected on social media. The tools used in the quantitative section were the researcher-based scale based on the qualitative Delphi method. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural-equation model were used to evaluate the fit of the research model. Research results in the qualitative section showed seven factors as a framework. Startup Development Strategies There was a shift in the country's sports. And in the quantitative part, the relevant T-value of each factor has a significant effect and all the framework of student start-up development in the country's sports was approved. The results also showed that the research model has a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
630 - Identification and prioritization of the effective factors the establishment of value engineering in sport facilities management of tehran
Razieh Safaei Vahid Shojaei Mohammad HamiValue-creating factors in the organization and consequently the applying of value engineering are among the basic factors of quality services and one of the useful ways for managers to use value engineering is to identify the success factors of implementing value engine MoreValue-creating factors in the organization and consequently the applying of value engineering are among the basic factors of quality services and one of the useful ways for managers to use value engineering is to identify the success factors of implementing value engineering in organizations.The purpose of this study was to identification of the effective factors the establishment of value engineering in sport facilities management of tehran.The research method was descriptive-survey.The statistical population included managers and experts and civil engineering and urban planning and sports complexes of Tehran Municipality.numbering 600 people.Simple random sampling method that the number was determined according to Krejcie-Morgan table 234 people.The research instrument was a researcher-made value engineering questionnaire that was used after confirming the face validity,content(9 expert opinions)and structure(confirmatory factor analysis)and reliability(Cronbach's alpha).SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3 software were used to analyze the data in the descriptive and inferential sections.The results of exploratory factor analysis showed 6 factors(following planning,information quality,strategy formulation,area selection,support of senior managers,characteristics of the value engineering team)with an explanation of 76.942% of variance and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index of 0.943%.The following planning factor had the greatest effect.Value engineering can be used as a powerful tool for problem solving and decision making in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
631 - Examining the psychological factors affecting impulse buying behavior in sports
hosein hasanpoor farshad tejari zinat nikaeinThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the psychological factors affecting impulse buying behavior in sports customers. The current research is applied in terms of the implementation goal and descriptive in terms of the collection process. The research c MoreThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the psychological factors affecting impulse buying behavior in sports customers. The current research is applied in terms of the implementation goal and descriptive in terms of the collection process. The research community included customers of sports stores and sampling was done by simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sports management professors. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha method of 0.70. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and inferential statistics (factor analysis method and structural equation test) were used to analyze the data. The existence of all conditions of structural equations showed that psychological factors including self-esteem, excitement seeking, excitability, extroversion, enjoyment of shopping and self-confidence are effective in the emergence of impulse buying behavior in sports goods customers. Examining the identified demographic factors also showed that women more than men, married people more than single people, people interested in the brand more than those indifferent to the brand, and fans of sports teams make impulse purchases more than non-fans, and on the other hand, age , social class, income level, sports skill level and education level are not effective in the occurrence of impulse buying behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
632 - Design of Low-Pass Filter of X-Ray Energy to Improve the Quality of Medical Imaging
Sasan Soudi Bahareh Khaksar Jalali Hossein Eshghifard -
Open Access Article
633 - A Novel Model for Bus Stop Location Appropriate for Public Transit Network Design: The Case of Central Business Districts (CBD) of Tehran
Majid Jahani S. Mehdi Hashemi Mehdi Ghatee Mohsen Jahanshahi -
Open Access Article
634 - A Model Test of Effective Factors on Political Behaviors in Sports Ministry and Federations in 1395
robab mokhtari alimohammad safania Hossein poursoltan zarandiThe purpose of this study was to design and test a model of factors influencing political behaviours in the sports industry. The present research is applied in the field of survey method in terms of the purpose of data collection. The statistical population of the surve MoreThe purpose of this study was to design and test a model of factors influencing political behaviours in the sports industry. The present research is applied in the field of survey method in terms of the purpose of data collection. The statistical population of the survey includes all employees (1498) of the Ministry of Sports and federations. Among them, 705 people were randomly selected as research sample. Data collection was done by distributing the questionnaire. The staff completed the questionnaire of Machiavellism, self-esteem, control centre, job independence, feedback, and variety of skills, relationship with the manager, focus, formalization, and participation in decision making, procedural justice and perception of organizational politics. SPSS version 19 and PLS software were used to analyze the data and to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that the proposed model has good fit with the data. In addition, the role of mediating perceptions of organizational politics and the moderating role of political will was confirmed. In organizations, politics is a fact of life. Those who can not understand political behaviours cannot understand the fact that the organization is a political system. Therefore, organizations have to move towards becoming a politician, and managers in this regard must make the necessary efforts in order to achieve organizational goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
635 - Providing the Model of Impact of Socio-economic and Cultural Factors on Students'Tendency towardsPublicSport (Case study: Students of Payam-e Noor University of Kermanshah Province
ali karimiThe objective of study was to analyze the effect of socio-economic and cultural factors on students' tendency to public sport. This is a descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population consisted of all students of Payam-e Noor University of Kermanshah (n= MoreThe objective of study was to analyze the effect of socio-economic and cultural factors on students' tendency to public sport. This is a descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population consisted of all students of Payam-e Noor University of Kermanshah (n=5000), which 357 of them were selected as sample of study using the Cochran sampling. The research tool included the combination of views of Gaffman, Giddens, Bourdieu, and Bloch, developed a new concept called sport-oriented life style. Structural equation model with PLS software was used to analyze the data. The results show that the demographic variables with path coefficient of 0.14 and the T value of 4.06, the representative variable of individual aspects with path coefficient of 0.17 and the T value of 4.83, the variable of others’ judgment of individual management of his body with path coefficient of 0.39 and the T value of 10.83, the role of communication media with the path coefficient of 0.13 and the T value of 3.13, the variable of social, economic, and cultural capital with path coefficient of 0.11, and the T value of 3.24, and the variable of socio-economic status with path coefficient of 0.15 and T value of 3.33 affected the students' tendency to public sport.In this regard, the impact of the judgment of others on individual management on the body had the greatest impact and the variables of social, economic, and cultural capital had the lowest impact on the students’ tendency to public sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
636 - The course of social justice developments in allocating resources to national championship sports
hesam moradi bagher morsal Seyed Mostafa tayebi sani ali fahiminezhadThe study of cultural and social changes and developments in different societies is of fundamental importance because as a result of the study of these changes, the direction and trend of changes and the type of new cultural and social relations of societies are determi MoreThe study of cultural and social changes and developments in different societies is of fundamental importance because as a result of the study of these changes, the direction and trend of changes and the type of new cultural and social relations of societies are determined. The purpose of this study is the evolution of social justice in the allocation of resources to national championship sports. The research method is descriptive-analytical-comparative survey. A total of 252 people, including the presidents, experts and executives of the country's sports federations, answered the standard questionnaire (Mahoni and Petrosco, 2007). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses and Friedman test to prioritize the principles of resource distribution in national championship sports. Confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL software was used to present the model. The results showed that from the point of view of sports federations, the need for greater international success, equality based on Olympic medals and the need for lack of resources are the most important principles of distribution. . social justice, resource allocation, championship sports Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
637 - Sociological analysis, Public sports, The elderly, gardens.
Iraj Rahmani Ali Baseri Akbar Afarinesh Bahram GhadimiThe purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize sociological analysis factors of Elderly community sport in gardens. The method of this study is qualitative and quantitative which is exploratory. The statistical population included seniors who had at least 2 ye MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize sociological analysis factors of Elderly community sport in gardens. The method of this study is qualitative and quantitative which is exploratory. The statistical population included seniors who had at least 2 years of physical activity and sports in the gardens and in the small part were seniors who had at least 6 months of physical activity. High public relations, literacy, and fitness were among the experts' top lists. The sampling method was non-probability sampling with purposeful selection with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. indexes were prioritized with AHP software and finally confirmatory factor analysis was performed with AMOS software. Based on the data analysis, 56 primary concepts, and 7 core concepts were identified. Then, 7 theoretical theories were proposed based on the paradigm model of sociological analysis of Elderly sport in the gardens. Identified indicators include the effects of Elderly Athletic Participation in Gardens, Elderly Athletic Motivation in Gardens, Attractiveness of Elderly Athletes in Gardens, Excellence of Gardens over Other Places, Impact of Elderly Athletes on Gardens Quality of Life, Culture of Elderly Athletes in Gardens and Consequences of Elderly Athletes in Gardens Was. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
638 - Relationship between socio-cultural factors and the tendency of Tehran youth to public sports
hamed gholampourgaleshkolami khalil mirzaeei Bahram Ghadimi zahra alipourdarvishiThe purpose of the current research is to survey the influence of Social and Cultural factors on youth tendency to public sport. The research is has been conducted by applied method in its goal and by descriptive one in its path. The population of the resear MoreThe purpose of the current research is to survey the influence of Social and Cultural factors on youth tendency to public sport. The research is has been conducted by applied method in its goal and by descriptive one in its path. The population of the research includes all youth in Tehran (about 3040248 person) from which 370 ones were selected in accordance with De Israeil (2008 online) sample size table the size has been increased to 400 for accuracy and has been choosen through the multi-stage cluster random sampling. The Data gathered by the standard questionnaires of the social support, the social acceptance, the social capital, the social favorite behavior, the cultural capital, the cultural intelligence and the religious orientation along with researcher made one about public sport with the CVR: of 0/860 and the content validity: of 0/776 and the reliability: of 0/894. the data has been analysed by the Pearson correlation & liner Regression and the results shows that lack of social capital, social favorite behavior and social support affect significantly on public behavior and lack of social acceptance, cultural intelligence, cultural capital and belief and value orientations did not affect on public sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
639 - Presenting a model of the effect of media literacy, lifestyle on social identity with emphasis on social change Case study: Sports organizations of the country
hamidreza abbasimoghadam mohamadreza esmaili Tayebeh Sadat zargarThe purpose of this study is to present a model of the impact of lifestyle and media literacy on social identity in sports organizations. The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of cross-sectional time and in terms of data collection in MoreThe purpose of this study is to present a model of the impact of lifestyle and media literacy on social identity in sports organizations. The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of cross-sectional time and in terms of data collection in a descriptive-correlational manner. 384 employees of the General Departments of Sports and Youth of the whole country using cluster sampling method to the questions of Saffarinia Social Identity Questionnaire (2011), Philosophical Media Literacy Questionnaire (2014) and also the Lifestyle Questionnaire (QSL) Lali et al. 1391) responded voluntarily. Pearson correlation and path analysis tests and finally to provide a suitable model of structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS 21 and LISRL software at the level of 0.05. The results showed media literacy and active lifestyle on identity. The social model of individuals is effective and causes social changes in them and finally the research model has a sufficient fit (RMSEA = 0.09) and also the fit indices of GFI, CFI and NFI were 0.95, 0.98 and 0.92, respectively. Therefore, human health and spiritual excellence is one of the most important factors affecting the health of human societies. Active lifestyle and media literacy cause such a situation in the social identity of employees of organizations, so sports organizations can be encouraged to change employees in changing lifestyle and media literacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
640 - Nobert Elias: sport and the process of European civilization
kamal javanmardThe following article explores the ideas of Norbert Elias, a vanguard in the sociologist of sport. A philosopher who saw "sport" as the key to understanding societies and a tool for analyzing the governing structures of society, and saw it as a vehicle for self-control MoreThe following article explores the ideas of Norbert Elias, a vanguard in the sociologist of sport. A philosopher who saw "sport" as the key to understanding societies and a tool for analyzing the governing structures of society, and saw it as a vehicle for self-control and moderation of violence in the civilizing process. In this article, we first explain the life and application of the theories of this tireless sociologist who sought to provide a model for discovering the causes of change in European behavior and how modern Western civilization originated, and the role of sport and games in this valley. Then, a look at the basics of "Elias" views in the sociology of sport is taken and his positive view of sports and verification of games. Then, the functions of sport are analyzed from his perspective, which considered sport beyond sport. In another paper, the game is described as a social process and its models for sociological explanations, because "Elias" likened the world to a big game and believed that the game and its models govern social life. And constitute human relations. Finally, in the final part of this article, the evolution of this phenomenon was examined and its change process from traditional and violent games to modern and peaceful sports was analyzed. The process in which sport influences the behavioral patterns of Europeans and the process of "sportization" process in society as a whole to provide the basis for the creation and expansion of Western civilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
641 - Identify and prioritize the development needs of the field of sports diplomacy
Mahdi Honarmand Fariba Mohammadian Sayed Reza salehiamiri Zahra NoobqkhtThe purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the development needs of the field of sports diplomacy. The research method was mixed. The statistical population of the study included all experts and practitioners in the field of sports diplomacy. In the qualita MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the development needs of the field of sports diplomacy. The research method was mixed. The statistical population of the study included all experts and practitioners in the field of sports diplomacy. In the qualitative stage of the research, purposeful sampling method and snowball sampling technique were used for in-depth interviews and sampling continued until the research reached theoretical saturation and adequacy (11 people). In the second stage of the research, based on the criteria arising from qualitative content analysis, research samples were selected. The questions of this interview were determined openly and generally based on the objectives of the research. The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that the prerequisites of sports diplomacy are a combination of sub-categories of gaining international seats in sports, having a roadmap for diplomats in the field of international diplomacy, streamlining, basic capacities, laying the groundwork, formulating a strategic plan, investing in promoting soft power and international awareness. The factor validity of the main categories was confirmed and specified separately. The results of factor analysis showed that the model developed is supported by research data. The results also showed that there is a significant difference between the average ranks of factors affecting sports diplomacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
642 - Sociological explanation of the role of cooperation and collaboration in peace- conciliatory changes in the Selected Olympic Teams
Zohreh Kerdegari Bahram Ghadimi Kaveh Khabiri Mansoor Sharifi shahla hajjatThe purpose of this study was to explain sociologically the role of cooperation and collaboration in peace-loving changes in the Olympic disciplines. In the present study, the method has been used. The statistical sample could be evaluated in the age group of 15 to 32 y MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain sociologically the role of cooperation and collaboration in peace-loving changes in the Olympic disciplines. In the present study, the method has been used. The statistical sample could be evaluated in the age group of 15 to 32 years and a total of 204 questionnaires by the total number method and with the knowledge of the ten Olympic disciplines and the introduction of the mentioned from the mentioned sports disciplines. The results of the frequency of athletes' responsiveness in the index of cooperation and collaboration in peace-loving changes showed that the result of dividing the chi-square index by the degree of freedom is equal to 2.70. The root mean square index of estimation error (RMSEA) in this model is equal to 0.029, which is within the allowable RMSEA limit of 0.80. The results of the study showed that the specific situation of the sport, which is team and individual, and violent and non-violent, can be effective on cooperation and joint efforts in changing the peace of friendship and related approaches. It is suggested to conduct more research in this field in the country as well as comparative studies related to other countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
643 - Sociological explanation of stigma in sports for the disabled (Case study of men and women athletes with disabilities in Tehran in 1398)
aboolfazl Tajarrod Bahram Ghadimi zahra alipourdarvishi Shahla Hojat Massoumeh shojaeiThe aim of this study was to identify and explain the phenomenon of hot stigma in the sports community of the disabled and used a combined research method with an exploratory design. A quantitative survey questionnaire was provided to 120 athletes with disabilities. The MoreThe aim of this study was to identify and explain the phenomenon of hot stigma in the sports community of the disabled and used a combined research method with an exploratory design. A quantitative survey questionnaire was provided to 120 athletes with disabilities. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.971). The findings showed how hot stigma as a social construct plays a role in the norms of the sports community and social exclusion in these individuals and the prevention of their active participation in the social arena of sports, which is considered a criterion for the validity of "theory based." Leads to the phenomenon of instrumental exploitation of the disabled athlete at the level of the individual, family and sports community. This phenomenon of exploitation of the disabled athlete can simultaneously be considered as causal conditions, phenomena, action and interaction conditions. / 0, which indicates the strong desirability of the model and can be a good model with a holistic, systematic and long-term view of the sport of the disabled and tries to guide the action of managers in the distant time horizons and wider areas of implementation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
644 - Sociological analysis of sports performance with self-acceptance and body management approach in female athletes in Tehran in the field of individual (bodybuilding)
Hassan Esfandiar Jahromi Bahram Ghadimi zahra alipourdarvishi Shahla Hojat Massoumeh shojaeiThe purpose of this article is a sociological analysis of social changes sports performance with the approach of self-acceptance and body management in female athletes in Tehran in the field of individual (bodybuilding) and to implement it, a combined research method wi MoreThe purpose of this article is a sociological analysis of social changes sports performance with the approach of self-acceptance and body management in female athletes in Tehran in the field of individual (bodybuilding) and to implement it, a combined research method with an exploratory design has been used. First, 49 people were interviewed in the qualitative part of the research using the grounded theory technique of Strauss and Corbin model. Then, in the quantitative section, questionnaires were prepared and distributed to 120 people. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.977). In this output, structural equation modeling from Smart PLS software was used and specific research paths were studied in accordance with the conceptual model. The quantitative index of the quantitative model is 0.088 and indicates the strong desirability of the model, which is considered as a criterion for the validity of the theory based on. Results of qualitative section findings in the form of 6 concepts: causal conditions including: weakness of personality traits; Axial phenomenon: self-acceptance and lack of self-confidence; Intervention conditions: the role of friends and mentors; Background: Girl Athlete Habit; Actions and Interactions: Body Management; Consequences: A feeling of self-satisfaction and approval of others. According to the findings, the exaggeration of female bodybuilders is due to the awareness and feelings of bodybuilders, the family and society towards the phenomenon of bodybuilding, which this type of feedback behavior is obtained from a negative attitude in interactions and interpersonal relationships. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
645 - Compilation, evaluation and identification of performance evaluation indicators Sports managers from the point of view of sports experts
Nasher Rezaii Zahra Nowbakht Fariba MohammadianThis research aims to investigate the performance evaluation indicators of sports managers, by aggregating and compiling some variables, indicators and performance evaluation criteria using the Delphi panel method (opinion from a group of experts in the field of sports MoreThis research aims to investigate the performance evaluation indicators of sports managers, by aggregating and compiling some variables, indicators and performance evaluation criteria using the Delphi panel method (opinion from a group of experts in the field of sports and sports managers), trying to compile, compile, It has verified and analyzed a wide range of indicators for evaluating the performance of sports managers. Subsequently, the number of thirty-one aggregated indicators, after extraction and calculation, expansion and internal and external adjustment, by a specialized panel of other sports management experts (who were identified as snowballs) were placed in ten categories (classes) and The reliability of this classification process has been confirmed by statistical methods.After determining and clarifying performance evaluation indicators in ten separate and different categories, a taxonomy of indicators with different cognitive criteria and the characteristics and criteria of the sports field and the management of sports events and venues was carried out, and some types of indicators and evaluation criteria The performance was recognized as the type focused on results, the type focused on results, the type focused on the promotion of intellectual assets and human capital, the type focused on efficiency, the type focused on the flourishing of the inherent and internal capabilities of the employees, the type focused on effects and results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
646 - Explanation and analysis of social factors affecting the nature of gender inequalities in professional sports in Iran
bahar sharifi bahram ghadimi Shahla Hojat mohammadali aslankhani masume shojaii In the present research, the investigation of the social factors affecting the nature of gender inequalities in professional sports in Iran and the presentation of the applied model and the determined topics and axes have been examined by proposing the challenges More In the present research, the investigation of the social factors affecting the nature of gender inequalities in professional sports in Iran and the presentation of the applied model and the determined topics and axes have been examined by proposing the challenges related to each one. According to this goal, the main question of the present research is, what are the social factors affecting the nature of gender inequalities in professional sports in Iran? A qualitative research method with an exploratory design was used for its implementation. Because the number of participants is limited, the statistical sample size was selected using the purposeful snowball sampling method (theoretical saturation). In the qualitative part of the research, the grounded theory technique was based on the Strauss and Corbin model, and interviews were conducted with 18 people, and a semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The results showed that from the point of view of professional sports, it is defined based on a male and patriarchal point of view, and the type of game of winning and losing in sports fields is derived from the discriminatory demands of gender, which considers more power and championships, winning and losing, athletes and coaches applying for higher positions and increasing sports identity and strengthening it. They should strengthen the views related to gender identity and its attributes in male and female athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
647 - Presenting a paradigmatic model of sports identity among taekwondo players in West Azerbaijan province
Nabiollah Motallebi Mohammad Rahim Najafzadeh Jafar Barghi Moghadam Hamid JananiFor athletes and people who are actively involved in sports, sports identity is a valuable part of their existence that can fulfill their sports identity needs by participating in sports. Sport identity increases with the level of involvement in sport, and a strong spor MoreFor athletes and people who are actively involved in sports, sports identity is a valuable part of their existence that can fulfill their sports identity needs by participating in sports. Sport identity increases with the level of involvement in sport, and a strong sport identity is positively related to sport achievement as well as to higher motivation and competitiveness. The general aim of the research is to present a paradigmatic model of sports identity among taekwondo players in West Azerbaijan province. In terms of the method of a qualitative research, it is of the type of basic theory. The studied community includes members of the Taekwondo Board of West Azarbaijan province, education committees and trainers with national degrees of West Azarbaijan province. Sampling was done by snowball method and continued until theoretical saturation. After implementing the interview texts, selective coding, axial and open codes were extracted and analyzed using MAXQDA software. Finally, a paradigm algorithm was presented. Based on the findings, the paradigmatic pattern of sports identity among taekwondo players in West Azerbaijan province was composed of 4 categories (identification with sports team, sports technical identity, sports social identity and sports moral identity), 8 secondary concepts and 39 primary concepts. The qualitative research paradigm was presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
648 - Development of a structural model of sports identity in taekwondo athletes of West Azerbaijan province
Nabiollah Motallebi Mohammad Rahim Najafzadeh Jafar Barghi Moghadam Hamid JananiSports identity is a type of social identity that refers to the belonging of a group of athletes to a specific discipline. Sports identities are a valuable part of a person's feeling. A strong sports identity can cause the motivation and discipline necessary for an MoreSports identity is a type of social identity that refers to the belonging of a group of athletes to a specific discipline. Sports identities are a valuable part of a person's feeling. A strong sports identity can cause the motivation and discipline necessary for an athlete's continuous attendance in training as well as success at high levels of sports. The statistical population includes taekwondo athletes of West Azarbaijan province with at least 2 years of experience in the provincial league, which included 2100 people based on the documented statistics of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of West Azarbaijan province. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's 324 formula and selected based on simple random sampling. questionnaire was confirmed based on the criteria of Fornell and Larcker, the divergent validity of the questionnaires; Also, composite reliability (Dillon-Goldstein coefficient) was acceptable. SPSS and SmartPLS software were used for data analysis. The results showed that the effect of identification with the sports team (with a regression coefficient of 0.30 and a critical ratio of 18.48), technical sports identity (with a regression coefficient of 0.36 and a critical ratio of 2.00), social sports identity (with a regression coefficient of 27 0.0 and critical ratio 19.22) and sports moral identity (regression coefficient 0.30 and critical ratio 2.38) which are outside the range of ±1.96 and also due to obtaining a significance level smaller than 0.05 , is positive and significant on sports identity in taekwondo athletes of West Azarbaijan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
649 - Enhancing Sustainable Urban Transportation through HomeZone Implementation and Traffic Calming: A Case Study of Mollasadra and Sheykhabad Neighborhoods in Qazvin
Nafiseh Mohajeri Seyed Mohammadreza Khatibi Amir GhasemiNowadays, streets are predominantly dominated by vehicles, which has led to disruptions in the cycle of sustainability in urban transportation. Excessive use of private cars has increased the likelihood of accidents. This article addresses these issues by employing appr MoreNowadays, streets are predominantly dominated by vehicles, which has led to disruptions in the cycle of sustainability in urban transportation. Excessive use of private cars has increased the likelihood of accidents. This article addresses these issues by employing approaches such as traffic calming and neighborhood planning. Therefore, assessing and evaluating the factors that influence traffic calming in urban neighborhoods, with an emphasis on creating a home zone, is crucial for achieving sustainable transportation.The present article falls into the descriptive-analytical category, which also aligns with applied-qualitative studies. Initially, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) using the Super Decision software is employed to prioritize options for achieving sustainable transportation based on the evaluations of two prominent experts. Then, suitable criteria for traffic calming are determined using the Delphi method. Finally, a comparative study (new neighborhood vs. old neighborhood) is conducted using statistical analysis to evaluate the more suitable options.According to the findings of the article, the options of eliminating through traffic, reducing air pollution through land use integration, decreasing private vehicle congestion, and enhancing functional compatibility received the highest scores for achieving sustainable transportation. These align with the criteria of form, function, aesthetics, content, and behavior, which are the primary criteria for achieving traffic calming. Additionally, based on the results, the residents of Sheikh Abad neighborhood were more inclined towards actions related to function and content compared to Mollasadra neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
650 - Investigating the Effect of Components of Professional Ethics in promoting it (Sample Study: Schools of Sport Sciences Faculty Members of Public and Azad Universities in Tehran Province)
Saeed Habibi Mehdi Salimi Seyed Hasan HosseiniThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of components of professional ethics in promoting it in the schools of sport Sciences faculty members of Public and Azad Universities in Tehran province. In this regard, after enumerating the components of pro MoreThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of components of professional ethics in promoting it in the schools of sport Sciences faculty members of Public and Azad Universities in Tehran province. In this regard, after enumerating the components of professional ethics, the role of these components in promoting and promoting professional ethics among faculty members has been explored. The methodology of the present study is mixed. The statistical population of the qualitative department was schools of sport sciences faculty members of Public and Azad universities in Tehran province. Qualitative data analysis was performed using a 2-step coding-based data method to enumerate the components of professional ethics using Nvivo software. The statistical sample of the quantitative section, including 385 faculty members and experts of sport sciences of Public and Azad universities in Tehran province, was conducted based on proportional stratified sampling during the spring of 1399. Data analysis was performed in the qualitative part based on the grounded theory method and in the quantitative part using the structural equation method with Amos24 software. The results in the qualitative section indicate the enumeration of components of professional ethics including (personality and personal characteristics, educational issues, research issues, environmental factors, relationships and interactions, economic factors, attitudes, justice and respect, cultural and social factors, laws and regulations, political factors and meritocracy) and there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of professional ethics and their role in promoting professional ethics in the faculty members of sport sciences of Public and Azad universities in Tehran province is at a 99% confidence level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
651 - An Approximation Method for Fuzzy Fixed-Charge Transportation Problem
Ali Mahmoodirad Masoud Sanei -
Open Access Article
652 - A Computational Approach for Fractal Mobile-Immobile Transport with Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Derivative
Sadegh Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
653 - SOLVING A STEP FIXED CHARGE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM BY A SPANNING TREE-BASED MEMETIC ALGORITHM
Saber Molla-Alizadeh-Zavardehi Masoud Sanei Reza Soltani Ali Mahmoodirad -
Open Access Article
654 - THE STUDY OF PACKET LOSS EFFECT ON NETWORK CONTROL SYSTEM ERROR FUNCTION MODEL
Mohsen Jahanshahi Sayyid Mohsen Houshyar Amir Reza Zare Bidaki -
Open Access Article
655 - AN ELECTROMAGNETISM-LIKE ALGORITHM FOR FIXED CHARGE SOLID TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM
Masoud Sanei Ali Mahmoodirad Saber Molla-Alizadeh-Zavardehi -
Open Access Article
656 - Effect of different irrigation levels on morphological and physiological features of SPORT grass-seed mixture
Amin Samiei Mohsen Kafi Mohammadmahdi Jowkar Arezo ShaghaghiWater resource management is one of the major challenges in lawn management. Considering the fact that Iran is located in a dry and semiarid area, lawn water demand and resource management is very crucial. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of irrigation levels MoreWater resource management is one of the major challenges in lawn management. Considering the fact that Iran is located in a dry and semiarid area, lawn water demand and resource management is very crucial. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of irrigation levels on some growth traits of turf sport mixture was studied. Irrigation treatments consisted of 50, 75 and 100 % of field capacity with one-day interval watering frequency which were applied when the plants were stablished. Morphological and physiological traits were measured at weeks two, four and six after applied levels of irrigation. Results showed that as the amount of watering decreased, turf longitudinal growth, dry matter, visual quality, relative water content and leaf phosphor content declined. This was while cell electrolyte leakage increased. However, at 75 % of field capacity irrigation level, leaf total chlorophyll and potassium content was more than 100% of field capacity irrigated plants. Based on the obtained results, there was no significant difference between two levels of 100 and 75% of field capacity irrigation levels for all measured traits. This was while both irrigation levels were significantly better than 50% of field capacity. Generally, the results indicated that reducing irrigation by one-fourth of field capacity maintains the quality and quality of “Sport” mixture grass in normal conditions and at the same time, greatly reduces the amount of consumed water for irrigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
657 - Comparative Study on the Effect of Water Stress and Rootstock on Photosynthetic Function in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Trees
Abolfazl Ranjbar -
Open Access Article
658 - The Effect of Green Supply Chain Management on Organizational Agility (Case Study: Iran Khodro Tabriz)
Masoumeh Safdari Reza RostamzadehAbstract The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of green supply chain management (GSCM) on organizational agility in Iran Khodro manufacturing company. For this reason, components of GSCM such as green design, green purchase, green production, green MoreAbstract The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of green supply chain management (GSCM) on organizational agility in Iran Khodro manufacturing company. For this reason, components of GSCM such as green design, green purchase, green production, green warehousing, green transportation and green recycling were used. First, the relation between its components on GSCM were investigated, then, the impact of GSCM on organizational agility were tested. The nature of the research is an applied and in order to collect the data a survey method was conducted. Iran Khodro Manufacturing Company in Tabriz was chosen to be study. All the managers, directors and supervisors were selected to study. To do so a questionnaires with total number of 94 were distributed to managers. Then for data analyzing Smart partial least square (PLS) software was used. The results showed that there is a positive and meaningful impact of GSCM components on organizational agility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
659 - Optimizing Waiting Time in Urban Public Transportation System Using Simulation Approach (Case Study: Isfahan Bus Company)
Tooba JabarootianPublic transportation system plays an important role in economic growth and urban development, including reducing transportation costs and increasing efficiency. To increase the share of public transportation systems in urban travel, measures need to be taken to improve MorePublic transportation system plays an important role in economic growth and urban development, including reducing transportation costs and increasing efficiency. To increase the share of public transportation systems in urban travel, measures need to be taken to improve their management and increase their efficiency. In this regard, the most important step in planning for this area is to revise or redefine the routes of the network lines. This process is known as a strategic step in managing long-term programs for the network. Given the growing trend of urbanization in large cities and the need for reliable and efficient public transportation, optimizing and improving the performance of public transportation networks is of great importance. Efficient planning and operation of transportation systems require accurate estimation of passenger waiting times. In this article, using a queuing system, simulation and optimization of urban public transportation system have been investigated with a case study of the Isfahan Bus Company in order to reduce waiting times at bus stops. In this study, first, the current performance of Isfahan's public transportation network was examined using simulation, and then by making changes to the network and various parameters, optimal solutions for reducing waiting times were proposed. The results of the simulation of Isfahan's bus transportation system show that significant improvements in the performance of the public transportation network can be achieved by making corrective changes to the structure and scheduling of the buses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
660 - The Impact on Economic Growth of Sports Facilities
S. Kaghzyan Y. Naghdi B. Faraji RostaghiIn this study the effect of sport facilities in terms of the number of the sport statiums on economic growth was followed. Panel data for 2000 to 2011 for two groups of middle income and high income countries were used. For the analysis a sgsellion model was estimated. MoreIn this study the effect of sport facilities in terms of the number of the sport statiums on economic growth was followed. Panel data for 2000 to 2011 for two groups of middle income and high income countries were used. For the analysis a sgsellion model was estimated. The results showed that the sport facilities had positive effect on economic growth of the high income countries. This effect was negative for the tow income once, however. The result for loth country growes was statisieally lignificant. 1. Sport facilities are of these factor affecting economic growth. 2. In this study the effect of sport facilities in terms of the sport statiums on economic growth was followed. Panel data for 2000 to 2011 for two growps of middle income and high income countries were used. For the analysis a sgsellion model was estimated. The result showed that the sport facilities had positive effect on economic growth of the high income countries. This effect was negative for the two income ones, however. The result for loth country groups was statistieally significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
661 - A revue for importance of Silicon in plants "Assimilation, transportation and its impact on mineral stress under acidic condition"
P. Zandi S. Kumar Basu R. JingSilicon (Si) is widely recognized as an important element for most plant species grown especially under stress situations. Recent research has extensively studied the mechanisms involved in the absorption and transmission of Si in vascular plants and different types of MoreSilicon (Si) is widely recognized as an important element for most plant species grown especially under stress situations. Recent research has extensively studied the mechanisms involved in the absorption and transmission of Si in vascular plants and different types of silicon transporters have been discovered. Si has the ability to ameliorate several in-organic stresses under acidic conditions including manganese and aluminum toxicity and phosphorous scarcity. Furthermore, under alkaline conditions, silicate deposits in the root exo- and endodermis result in obstruction of root apoplastic Na+ absorption and maintenance of K+/Na+ balance; thereby significantly improving plant alkalinity tolerance. Four Si carriers namely, LSi1, LSi2, LSi3 and LSi4 have now been identified; although little information is available regarding their responses under stress conditions. Hence, it is important to study the connection between such Si-carriers and the Si proficiency for plants undergoing mineral stress. Evidence presented in the paper indicates that silicon availability and subsequent accumulation on plant tissues can serve as an appropriate strategy for improving crop productivity in acidic soils. The current paper briefly reviews the latest investigations with respect to the effect of sorption and transport of Si in plants under mineral stress in acidic soil condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
662 - Studying the Reasons for Weakness in Communication and Not Having a Seat in the International Football Federation
Mostafa Mostafapour Mozafar Yektayar Mojghan Khodamoradpour Meisam Allahmoradi -
Open Access Article
663 - The Relationship between Religion with Literacy and Economic Behavior with the Mediating Role of Moral Attitudes Customers of Sports Stores
Malihe Rasti Iman Safaei -
Open Access Article
664 - The Effect of Six Weeks Aerobic Training and Cinnamon Extract on IL-6 Gene Expression in Fat Tissue of Obese Male Feed by High Fat Diet
Amin Rigi Tahereh Bagherpoor Nematollah NematiComparing the concurrent training order on plasma IL-6 levels in elderly male. Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the comparison of a different orders of concurrent training on plasma IL-6 levels, insulin resistance index (HOMA) and anthropometric characteris MoreComparing the concurrent training order on plasma IL-6 levels in elderly male. Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the comparison of a different orders of concurrent training on plasma IL-6 levels, insulin resistance index (HOMA) and anthropometric characteristics of an elderly male. Forty women with 55-70-year-old which having no particular illnesses were divided into 4 groups: endurance-resistance, (n = 9), resistance-endurance (n = 10), interval resistance-endurance (n = 12) training, and control group (n = 9) randomly. Height, weight, BMI, WHR, and serum levels of myonectine glucose and insulin were measured and recorded before and after performing protocol. Experimental groups participated in concurrent training for 8 weeks, 3 sessions every week, 60 minutes in every session. A univariate (covariance) test was used for analyzing the data. A significant increase of vaspin (p < /em> = 0.009) and the significant decrease of glucose (p < /em> = 0.001) and HOMA index (p < /em> = 0.028) was observed in the experimental groups compared to control, no significant difference among experimental groups. There was not any significant difference among groups in insulin levels (p < /em> = 0.37). Older males can take advantage of the concurrent training with any orders of them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
665 - Therapeutic Effect of Sitagliptin and Berberine Interaction on Fatty Liver and Hepatic GLUT4 Gene Expression in Diabetic Male Rats
Soraya Mehrdoost Parichehreh Yaghmaei Hanieh Jafari Azadeh Ebrahim-HabibiFatty liver disease causes accumulation of excess fat in liver cells. Berberine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that increases the function of incretin hormones. In this study biological activities of Berberine and MoreFatty liver disease causes accumulation of excess fat in liver cells. Berberine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that increases the function of incretin hormones. In this study biological activities of Berberine and Sitagliptin for the treatment of fatty liver in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. The therapeutic effects of Sitagliptin and Berberine on fatty liver in diabetic rats by Alloxan injection with a single dose of 100 mg/kg were done with the following groups. Groups include 1: control (physiology serum as Alloxan solvent); 2: model (fatty liver + Alloxan); 3: Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 10 mg/kg); 4: Berberine (fatty liver + Alloxan and Berberine 150mg/kg); 5: Berberine/Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and Berberine 75 mg/kg). After the treatment, the liver tissue separated and weighed. Levels of Liver triglyceride, cholesterol and GLUT4 gene expression in liver tissue measured by real-time PCR method. The level of GLUT4 gene expression levels increased in the treatment groups compared to the model group, but a significant difference was seen only in the co-administration group with the model group (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the amount of liver cholesterol in the treatment groups compared to the model group (p < 0.01). Hepatic triglyceride decreased in the treatment groups, but only in the co-administration group, a significant difference was seen with the model group (p < 0.05). Berberine and Sitagliptin, especially when prescribed together with the increased expression of GLUT4 and the reduction of liver cholesterol and triglycerides, have a favorable effect on lipid metabolism and can be considered as an effective treatment for hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
666 - Introduse and Need Assessment of Regional Aircrafts by Software and Modeling
H. Sadat Nazeri M. Ali Shahi Ashtian -
Open Access Article
667 - Comparison of the prevalence and mechanism of sports injuries among elite male basketball players
Mohammad Hasan Kordi Ashkezari Abuzar SaadatianBackground: Basketball is a team-oriented and contact sport and participation in this sport entails accepting the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sports injuries among male basketball players in the country. The ai MoreBackground: Basketball is a team-oriented and contact sport and participation in this sport entails accepting the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sports injuries among male basketball players in the country. The aim of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sport injuries.Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a retrospective method and utilized a questionnaire on basketball injuries as documented by Marcus et al. The study surveyed 82 players from the Premier League and Division I, belonging to the 1401 basketball season. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square test (c2). Results: The results of the study showed that the frequency of injuries in the lower extremities (75%) was significantly higher than in the other parts of the body (p = 0.001, c2 = 94.46). In the lower limbs, knees and wrists had the highest injury rates (48.7%, and 46.2%, respectively) (p = 0.001, c2 = 41.49). Conversely, in the upper limb, shoulder had the highest injury rate (50%) though the difference was not significant (p = 0.26, c2 = 2.62). The mechanism of occurrence of damage was related to landing (44.2%), which was statistically significant (p = 0.001, c2 = 58.53).Conclusion: The majority of injuries among basketball players affect the lower extremities, particularly the knees and ankles, likely due to frequent jumping and rapid movements during the game. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
668 - Predicting Model of Arsenic Transport and Transformation in Soil Columns and Ground Water Contamination (Case study: Gorgan Plain, Iran)
Fereshteh Ghomi Avili Marzieh Makaremi -
Open Access Article
669 - Assessing the risk of environmental pollution caused by tourism activities (recreation - sports) in natural environments of Shahrood County
Sepideh Hosseini Dinani SEYED MOSTAFA TAYEBI SANI Bagher Morsal Ali fahiminejad -
Open Access Article
670 - Measuring noise pollution from sports events in urban environments (case study: Azadi stadium)
Farzaneh Taghavi Baghan SEYED MOSTAFA TAYEBI SANI Nabiollah Ider Mozhdeh Khajoo -
Open Access Article
671 - Investigating the place of international law in the protection of the marine environment against Transportation of hazardous chemicals
Hooman Fathi Seyed Bagher Mirabbasi Mansoor Pournoori -
Open Access Article
672 - Integrating Balanced Scorecard with Fuzzy Linguistic and Fuzzy Delphi Method for Evaluating Performance of Team Sports (SANAT NAFT NOVIN Abadan Football Club)
MEISAM JAFARI ESKANDARI Mohammad Hassan Kamfiroozi Zohre Foroutan -
Open Access Article
673 - The Importance and Necessity of Lack of Delay in Exchange of Information and Data of Intelligent Transportation Systems
Ali Mohebi Mehdi Yar Mohammadi Farnaz Kheibari Esmaeil Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
674 - Evaluation of the performance of intelligent vehicles and their role in controlling and reducing urban traffic in North Khorasan Province
Mojtaba Arabi Payam Porkar Rezaeie M. H. Ahmadzadegan -
Open Access Article
675 - Developing the Sustainable Development Model of Student Sport Participation in Iran
مهدی نصیری خوزانی شهرام عروف زاد محمد علی نادیThe aim of this study was to develop the sustainable development model of student sport participation in Iran. The research method was qualitative using grounded theory that is an inductive and exploratory research method. The research domain included experts and benefi MoreThe aim of this study was to develop the sustainable development model of student sport participation in Iran. The research method was qualitative using grounded theory that is an inductive and exploratory research method. The research domain included experts and beneficiaries of the near and far environments of student sport. The sampling method was snowball based on the theoretical approach and continued until theoretical saturation. 20 semi-structured and exploratory interviews were conducted. The members investigated the validity of the findings by matching methods. The results of data analysis were divided into separate concepts during three levels of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The findings showed that the coding process within the 6 dimensions of the paradigm model including contextual factors such as laying the groundwork for software, hardware and specialist human force infrastructure, causal conditions such as creating an attitude of sportsmanship and altruism among students, central phenomenon components such as development of the whole system of sport with educational sport, intervening factors such as the parallelism of sport organizations and strategies such as the revision and facilitation of laws and regulations on the attraction of financial sponsors and charities and consequences such as achieving national dignity and authority was identified and extracted. The results showed that the synergy and participation of families, organizations and institutions enhance student dynamism and social vitality and lay the groundwork for the development of financial sources and infrastructure of student sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
676 - An Evaluation of Reliability, Validity and Factor Structure of the Questionnaire of Security of Sport Facilities.
نغمه سعیدی مجد حسین عبدالملکی عباس خدایاریThe aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, validity and factor structure of the questionnaire of security of sport complexes. The statistical population consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative section included sport managemen MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, validity and factor structure of the questionnaire of security of sport complexes. The statistical population consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative section included sport management experts comprising 11 Delphi community members. In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of managers and staff of Karaj sport facilities (N = 785). In the qualitative section, all 11 experts who were the members of Delphi panel were selected as the research sample. In the quantitative section, given the nature of the study, 150 subjects were randomly selected in the research instrument design phase; they performed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire. A researcher-made questionnaire with 51 items and 12 components was used in this study. The components included environment control (4 items), entrance control (5 items), qualification and accreditation of individuals (4 items), physical protection systems (4 items), risk management (4 items), emergency management (5 items), communication (3 items), security personnel (4 items), education (modeling and simulation) (5 items), protection against toxic substances (4 items), sport facility structure (6 items) and cultural practices (4 items). Each item was on a 5-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was face and construct. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sport management professors. KMO test was used for sampling adequacy and to understand if the number of items were enough to predict each component. Bartlett test was used to determine if the items were adequately correlated. In inferential statistics, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The following components were identified: environment control, entrance control, qualification and accreditation of individuals, physical protection systems, risk management, emergency management, communications, security personnel, education (modeling and simulation), protection against toxic substances, sport facility structure and cultural practices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
677 - Identifying and Explaining sociological components of sport education with the Grounded Theory
mohammad vaisi zahra alipor bahram ghadimi kavh khabiri shahla hojatEducation involves creating or actuating any kind of perfection in humans that has utility and value. Sports as an acceptable phenomenon for all can be considered as a training tool for the transfer of human and social values. The purpose of this research was to identif MoreEducation involves creating or actuating any kind of perfection in humans that has utility and value. Sports as an acceptable phenomenon for all can be considered as a training tool for the transfer of human and social values. The purpose of this research was to identify and formulate sociological components of education through a systematic approach to data base theory. This research was qualitative and based on an interpretative paradigm.In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 experts from the sociology, management and behavioral of sports, areas of qualitative data that was the criterion for completing the interviews with theoretical saturation. Qualitative data was analyzed with a set of open, axial and selective coding and was developed based on the generated codes of the paradigm of sport education. The validity of the results was confirmed by the method of control of the members and the evaluation of the participants in the research. Results included (cooperation, consistency, opposition, and agreement), the underlying factors (individual, social) and interventional factors (physical and educational infrastructure). Improving individual and social skills and promoting the growth and prosperity of educational sport in the country. Also, developing a model and presenting an educational model of sport education can be the subject of future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
678 - The Effect of Performance Feedback on work engagement with the Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment and Social Capital in the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs
سجاد بیرامی علی محمد صفانیا اکبر آفرینشThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of performance feedback on work engagement with the mediating role of psychological empowerment and social capital in the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs. Regarding the research purpose, this research considere MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of performance feedback on work engagement with the mediating role of psychological empowerment and social capital in the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs. Regarding the research purpose, this research considered applied and from strategic point of view was quantitative and was a correlation research. The statistical population of this study was staff of Ministry of Sport and Youth. In this study, by using Morgan table, 269 subjects were selected by stratified method. The research instruments were the Schaufeli and Baker (2003) bonding questionnaire; the Spritzer Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (1995) and the Nahapit&Gucal Social Capital Questionnaire (1998). According to the purpose of the research, partial least squares method was used by Smart PLS software version 6/2/3. The findings of the study indicated that performance feedback was positively and significantly correlated with bonding, psychological empowerment, and social capital. The results of the Sobel test confirmed the mediating role of psychological empowerment and social capital. Also, the results of the VAF test of psychological empowerment at 0/28 and social capital at 0/34 play a mediating role in influencing performance feedback on bonding. What is obtained from the results of this research is that work engagement is correlated with performance feedback, empowerment and social capital of the Ministry of Sport and Youth staff. Therefore, the results of the Ministry of Youth and Sports executives can be effective in enhancing bonding by providing effective performance feedback to their staff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
679 - Comparative Study of the Specialty Course of Ph.D. in Sports Management of Iran, America, Canada by Delphi Method
syedmohamadhosein hoseiniravsh حسین پیمانی زاد حسن فهیم دوین رضا اسماعیل زادهThe purpose of this study was to study the course of Ph.D. Iran Sport Management (in accordance with the latest review of 1393) along with selected countries (America, Canada) to learn the content of the course syllabus in order to achieve fit, consistency and achieveme MoreThe purpose of this study was to study the course of Ph.D. Iran Sport Management (in accordance with the latest review of 1393) along with selected countries (America, Canada) to learn the content of the course syllabus in order to achieve fit, consistency and achievement. The methodology of the research was based on the nature of the subject, qualitative and Delphi method, and the method of analyzing the data from the SPSS software. The statistical population includes 41 people who have had a full-time or associate professorship in Iran's sports management with over 20 years of work experience. The headlines of the three countries of Iran, the United States and Canada have been reviewed. In terms of the importance and progress of the universities in the countries under study, the United States of America hosted Ph.D. Sports Management Courses from the North American Sports Management Association, including Troy, Louisiana, Oregon, Michigan, Ohio, Minnesota, New Mexico, North Carolina, Indiana, Kansas, Illinois, Florida and Canada. The universities included Brooklyn, Ottawa, Waterloo, Western, Alberta, Virginia. The research tool has been used to collect the information required by the library, and has been based on it. The results of this study indicate that in the universities of the United States and Canada, compared to the University of Iran, the components of the curriculum are more comprehensive, more in depth, and more scientific and applied. In order to increase the level of application of the headings according to the needs and conditions of the community, a continuous review of the subcontractors is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
680 - Qualitative Analysis of Encouraging Athletes to Purchase Iranian Sporting Goods: A Grounded Theory Study
مهداد نمازی مسعود ایمان زاده مهرداد محرم زادهAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sporti MoreAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods. In this study, which was a qualitative study, the data was obtained by relying on grounded theory and based on qualitative in-depth interviews with athletes of Ardabil province. The population included all the elite athletes of the province, who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball method, and 22 athletes were recruited as the statistical sample. The data were analyzed in three coding levels of open, axial, and selective. In the analysis of five concepts of causal conditions (five categories), intervening conditions (five categories), contextual conditions (five categories), strategies (six categories), and consequences (three categories), the Strauss and Corbin coding framework (2014) was used. In general, the results in the form of a qualitative model showed that according to the causal conditions and the requirement to encourage athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods, as well as considering the intervening conditions and the context of the study, these beliefs can be developed via some strategies such as combating the smuggling of sporting goods or improving the quality of domestically produced sporting goods. Overall, this study supports the idea that by increasing sports production in Iran, it is possible to boost the trade-in sporting goods, and by neutralizing economic sanctions and creating national solidarity, this trade can be supported to see a tendency in athletes under the title: Preferring to purchase domestic sporting goods, instead of foreign ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
681 - The determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment
بهناز روشن روان حسین عبدالملکی سید نعمت خلیفهAbstract Sports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and MoreAbstract Sports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment. The research method was a descriptive - survey and the statistical population consisted of 253 residents around the Sports Complex. The instruments used in this study included the Environmental and Traffic Impact Questionnaire of Sultan Hosseini et al. (2014). This questionnaire has 14 questions and 2 components of the environmental impacts of sports areas and the traffic impacts of sports areas. Sultan-Hosseini et al. (2013) questionnaire is also used in the field of socio-economic impacts. This questionnaire has 16 questions and 2 components of economic and social impacts of sports facilities. The validity of the questionnaire is a content type and its reliability is calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 81%. A one-sample T-test were used to analyze the data from the questionnaires. The multidisciplinary Decision-Making Method is used to rank the effects of the evaluated components. This study has identified that social impacts significantly had the greatest effects on the urban environment of Karaj city (p<0.001). Moreover, the next two ranks are traffic effects and environmental effects, but there was no influence of the economic effects on the urban environment around the sports complex (p=0.11). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
682 - The Effect of Watching Sports Matches on Mental Health with the Moderating Role of Sports Fans (Case study: National football team matches in the 2019 Asian Cup)
azam khalilpour ali zarei zinat nikaeen hamid sajadiAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of happiness in watching sports matches on mental health with the moderating role of sports fans. The present research in terms of applied purpose and research method and implementation path was quant MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of happiness in watching sports matches on mental health with the moderating role of sports fans. The present research in terms of applied purpose and research method and implementation path was quantitative. The statistical population of the present study is the people who followed the Asian Cup (2019) matches in the UAE through mass media such as television, radio and the Internet, which were selected by random sampling. In order to estimate the sample size, SPSS Sample Power software was used, considering the maximum independent variables affecting the dependent variable involved in the research regression models and the significant level of 0.05, power above 0.80 and effect volume of 0.05, the sample size was estimated to be 370 people. In order to collect data, the questionnaire of Kim et al. (2018) was used. This questionnaire measures 12 questions, including happiness caused by watching matches (5 questions), mental health (4 questions), and sports fans (3 questions). The effect of happiness on mental health and the role of fan moderator at the level of 5% error was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and Smart PLS software version 2.3.6. The results showed that the variable of happiness affects mental health. The results also showed that sports advocacy plays a moderating role between happiness due to watching sports and mental health. Watching sports matches for the fan can be one of the factors that have a positive effect on its mind and health, which is suggested to provide a platform for the matches of popular teams to be broadcast in a better way and live. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
683 - Identifying the Factors that Do Not Develop Public Sports for People with Mental Disabilities
fatemeh rahmati mohammadali safaniya hossein poorsoltani mohsen bagheriyan salah naghshbandiExercise and physical activity play a very important role in the general health of the people of society, including the mentally retarded. They are a deterrent that prevents their sports participation. Because the most important mission of physical education specialists MoreExercise and physical activity play a very important role in the general health of the people of society, including the mentally retarded. They are a deterrent that prevents their sports participation. Because the most important mission of physical education specialists and managers is to remove the barriers to the presence of people in society in sports. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of underdevelopment of public sports in people with moderate intelligence (autism, Down syndrome, mental retardation). Which was done using the foundation data theory. Participants in the study were officials from the Federation of the Disabled and Veterans, Sports Managers, Occupational Therapists, and Physical Education Specialists and Professors. Axial and selective were used. Based on the results of 170 codecs with 15 main categories and 40 sub-categories in the form of six dimensions of paradigm model including causal factors (5 categories), main phenomenon (intermediate intelligence and development of public sports), strategy (5 categories), background factors (2 categories), Intervention conditions (3 restrictive categories and 2 facilitator categories) and outcome (3 categories) were identified. Therefore, it is recommended to take sufficient financial resources as well as training experienced human resources to guide and encourage mentally retarded people to participate in sports activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
684 - Designing and explaining the stability of the income system in sports of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation
zahra nasehi Farshad Emami seyd emadThe Purpose study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting sustainable incomes in sports of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation. The research method was qualitative and performed using a systematic design of data-based theory. In-depth and MoreThe Purpose study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting sustainable incomes in sports of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation. The research method was qualitative and performed using a systematic design of data-based theory. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. The statistical population of the study included experts in this field. Fifteen people were selected for interviews and obtaining the necessary information related to the subject under investigation in a completely non-probabilistic manner using theoretical and targeted snowball techniques. The validity of the research findings (interviews) was confirmed by the interviewees. Two evaluators were used to calculate the reliability of the interview using the intra-subject agreement method (0/83) In order to analyze the data, open and axial and selective coding were used. 101 basic conceptual propositions with 17 categories and 85 concepts in the form of 6 dimensions of a paradigm model were obtained. The results indicate that the most important effective indicators include economic and managerial factors, education and development, technical management policies and competitive advantage, sports goals, economic and managerial function, economic, organizational and cultural factors and communication. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to stabilize the income system in sports, the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation, according to the identified factors, management policies such as removing obstacles and designing effective financial resources to promote the stability of the income system should be determined and implemented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
685 - The Study of Sport Vandalism Actions (Violence): during 2012-2022
Tahereh jahanp taha ashayeriSport is a social action that has become popular in today's world as a leisure style and has political, economic, cultural and social effects. Sport reproduces violence and vandalistic behaviors due to its relationship with society, group, reference patterns, as well as MoreSport is a social action that has become popular in today's world as a leisure style and has political, economic, cultural and social effects. Sport reproduces violence and vandalistic behaviors due to its relationship with society, group, reference patterns, as well as its stress with social-cultural issues. Iranian society has a special interest in sports and keeps its leisure style alive with it. In the meantime, sometimes violence and vandalistic behaviors are also observed among fans of sports teams. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the actions of sport vandalism from 2010 to 2022. The research method is meta-analysis, the study tool includes research published in SID, Noormags and Magiran during the period of 2010-2022. 39 statistical populations and 21 sample sizes were selected by deliberate-judgmental (non-probability) sampling method. The results showed that social deprivation, disintegrated family and media stimulation (high effect size), cultural capital, team-ethnic social bias, feeling of anomalies, ethnic-team cohesion, differential co-operation and social failure (moderate effect size) and informal supervision, mass media performance, social dissatisfaction, belonging to ethnic subculture, history of criminal behavior, official supervision and economic capital (low effect size) have a significant effect on sports violence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
686 - Developing a Strategic Plan for Sport Diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
farshid tahmasbi amin chenariAbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a strategic plan for sport diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytic and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of all political-sport MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a strategic plan for sport diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytic and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of all political-sport managers and experts in the field of sports diplomacy who were selected through purposeful and accessible sampling. Data collection method included library studies, semi-structured interviews with experts and finally Delphi method in three stages. Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE) were used to identify the strategic position. The results showed that the position of sport diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is in the WO position. In this regard, it is concluded that high level officials and policy makers in the Ministry of Sport, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other relevant institutions should focus their efforts on removing weaknesses and taking advantage of existing opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
687 - Identifying the Effective Factors (Casual, Intervening, Contextual) on Development of Handball Sport of IRAN Based on the Grounded Theory Approach
vali alizadeh javad shahlail Habib Honari gholamreza shabanibaharThe purpose of this study was to determine the effective factors (causal, intervening and contextual) on development of handball sport of IRAN using the grounded theory. This research was exploratory research and a qualitative in nature. The data gathered through docume MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effective factors (causal, intervening and contextual) on development of handball sport of IRAN using the grounded theory. This research was exploratory research and a qualitative in nature. The data gathered through documents and interview for 14 handball experts in deep-interview and semi-structured forms. The sample selected through subjective sampling and snowball approach and interviewing continued to get theoretical saturation. Then, data analyzed by grounded theory in coding process included three steps: open, axial and selective coding. The findings indicated that there were 259 effective items (open code) in the causal factors section, that were formed into 19 sub-categories and four main categories; individual factors, development resources, managerial-organizational factors and sports participation. In the contextual factors section, 53 items were classified in seven categories; handball factors, legal factors, economic factors, geographical factors, social factors, cultural factors and political factors. Also in the intervening section, 34 items were classified in two subcategories: facilitators and limiters. Generally, the effective factors obtained from this study can helpgovernment officials in making decisions and adopting appropriate strategies for the development of handball in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
688 - Developing a Model for the Role of Exercise in Leisure Time to Reduce Social Harms, Grounded Theory
Safdar Pornasrolah shahab bahrami hossein aydi Developing a model for the role of exercise in leisure time to reduce social harmful issues. This research was carried out using semi-structured interviews using the qualitative method (Grounded Theory approach). The sample consisted of 13 sports management lectur More Developing a model for the role of exercise in leisure time to reduce social harmful issues. This research was carried out using semi-structured interviews using the qualitative method (Grounded Theory approach). The sample consisted of 13 sports management lecturers (5 students), sociology lecturers (4 persons), police commanders (2 persons), and offenders (2 persons) who were selected using purposeful sampling. The data collection method was a study of previous research and interviews. To examine the face and content validity, the research findings were presented to the participants, and the study's text was studied, and their point of view was applied. The method used to examine reliability was an intra-subject agreement method. The average agreement within the subject was 0.79. Based on the findings, the causative conditions include the status of culture and social acceptance; ground conditions including socio-cultural, software,hardware; intervening conditions including architectural sites, environmental factors, demographic features; strategies including infrastructure and incentives the internal and implications included economic, behavioral, and cultural-social categories. Therefore, it is suggested to pay attention to identified indicators to reduce social harm through leisure-time exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
689 - Identifying and Ranking the Factors Affecting the Development of Tehran's Sports Space and Explaining Appropriate Strategies with a Resistance Economy Approach
sadegh rezaei abolfazl farahani aliasghar doroudian alimohamad safaniaBy measuring brand valuation accurately, it can be considered as a desirable scale correctly for evaluating the long-term effects of marketing. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explain and prioritize the brand valuation indices of Iranian Futsal Super League MoreBy measuring brand valuation accurately, it can be considered as a desirable scale correctly for evaluating the long-term effects of marketing. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explain and prioritize the brand valuation indices of Iranian Futsal Super League clubs using choline components, which was done as a descriptive-correlational study. The population included 168 futsal players, 28 coaches, and 14 club general managers, who contributed in the 1996-95 year season. The sample size of the study was 172 according to the return of questionnaires. The Faraji Brand Valuation Questionnaire (2012) was used, which contained 35 questions consisting of 7 components of choline valuation based on Likert's five-choice spectrum. The participants, on the whole, demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between the seven components of the main research model, which included the stability component, profit trend component, support component, geographical expansion component, protection component, leadership component, and market component with brand valuation. Additionally, the results showed that the support component is the most effective parameter in the brand equity of Iranian futsal clubs. Consequently, it is suggested that futsal clubs take serious advice and consultation to attract sponsors and financial support other than the government and provide the necessary foundation to support sports clubs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
690 - Designing a model for the development of sports participation of veterans and the disabled in the Islamic Republic of Iran
davod mehdinjad mahdi savadi hamidreza saybaniThe present study was designed and conducted to present a model for the development of sports participation of veterans and the disabled in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study was a combined method and was a type of mixed exploratory research project. The statistic MoreThe present study was designed and conducted to present a model for the development of sports participation of veterans and the disabled in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study was a combined method and was a type of mixed exploratory research project. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes selected professors familiar with sports for the disabled, athletes with disabilities, and managers and experts in sports for the disabled; These individuals were purposefully selected as a standard for qualitative interviews about research (15 interviews with 15 people and continued to the point of theoretical saturation). The statistical population in the quantitative part were all of disabled people in the country. The statistical sample of this study was considered according to the frequency of the statistical population, sample size and the probability of sampling error of 385 people. In this study, according to the objectives and its type, cluster sampling method has been used. In the first stage, after dividing the country into five regions: north, south, east, west and the center of the lot, a city (provincial center) has been selected from each region. In the qualitative section, it was determined that the categories were identified in the form of 15 categories and 79 concept codes, and in the heart of the six dimensions of the paradigm model as causal causes (4 categories), the main category: development of participation in public sports for veterans and the disabled of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 category), strategies (3 categories), contextual conditions (3 categories), intervening conditions (3 categories) and consequences (2 categories) were included. In the quantitative part, it was found that all 6 main components of the research have a good fit, so the research model has a sufficient fit. Considering that the disabled and veterans of the country need more attention, it is recommended that the managers and trustees of sports for the disabled and veterans use the results of the present study in order to increase the quality of life of this group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
691 - Presenting a Model for Insurance Development in Iranian Sports with a Data-Based Theory Approach
reza ariyayar hamid sajadi Farideh Ashraf Ganjouei ali zareiThe purpose of this study was to present a model for insurance development in Iranian sports. This research was mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of qualitative research included all the elites in the field of insurance in sports. Bas MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model for insurance development in Iranian sports. This research was mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of qualitative research included all the elites in the field of insurance in sports. Based on the selection of snowballs, 15 people were identified as the sample until they reached theoretical saturation. In a small part, the statistical population included all 69 sports insurance experts. The statistical sample was considered a whole number. The data collection tool in the qualitative part included a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part included a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the research data in the qualitative part, open, axial and selective coding and in the quantitative part, the structural equation method was used. The results indicated that insurance development factors (causal, contextual, intervening, strategies, and consequences) had a significant effect on the main phenomenon of insurance in sports. The results of this study showed that the process of insurance development in sports requires attention to a series of causal, contextual, and intervening factors; Therefore, the final model presented in this research can be a complete guide for the development of insurance in Iranian sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
692 - Analysis of The Phenomenon of Exclusion from the Workplace in Sport and Youth Departments of Western Iran
bahieh zarei mozafar yektayar korosh vaysi mojgan khodamoradporThe purpose of this study was to analyze the phenomenon of exclusion from the workplace in sports and youth departments in western Iran. The present study was field research in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection. To conduct this research, through a MoreThe purpose of this study was to analyze the phenomenon of exclusion from the workplace in sports and youth departments in western Iran. The present study was field research in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection. To conduct this research, through a comprehensive review of the research and also using the opinion of experts, 23 factors of the phenomenon of exclusion from the workplace were identified. Then, using interpretive structural modeling technique and using a questionnaire, the factors were classified into thirteen groups. Then, after identifying the levels of each factor and also considering the final availability matrix, the final model of the interpretive structure was drawn. In the quantitative part, the research method was descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of employees of sports and youth departments of Kermanshah, Ilam, Sanandaj and Hamedan (n = 250). The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula equal to 152 people and in order to prevent sample loss, 200 questionnaires were randomly distributed in classes. The instrument used in the quantitative section was a researcher-made scale based on the qualitative section. Cronbach's validity and alpha were also confirmed. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results of the present study showed that 23 factors including psychological factors, emotional intelligence, belonging to foreign groups in the organization, performance reduction, rejection, organizational factors, negative behaviors at the individual level, organizational status, negative behaviors at the group level, job deviation, rational response, no need for colleagues, personal pride, negative behaviors at the organizational level, emotional response, emotional intelligence, characteristics of working groups, organizational culture, belonging to political groups, gender differences, ethnic differences, meaning and differences in values to The factors involved in the phenomenon of exclusion from the workplace were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
693 - Developing the Paradigmatic Model of Sport for All in Islamic Azad University Based on Grounded Theory
جمشید همتی جواد طاهرزاده رسول نظریThe aim of this study was to develop a model of sport for all development in Islamic Azad University that was carried out using the systematic theory of grounded theory. The participants in the present study were experts of sport for all and 20 subjects were selected by MoreThe aim of this study was to develop a model of sport for all development in Islamic Azad University that was carried out using the systematic theory of grounded theory. The participants in the present study were experts of sport for all and 20 subjects were selected by theoretical sampling for deep interviews and interviews continued until theoretical saturation. For data analysis, open, axial and selective coding was used. 450 initial conceptual propositions with 14 categories and 38 concepts in the form of 6 dimensions of the paradigmatic model including causal features (1 category), the main phenomenon (increased participation of students, staff and faculty members), strategy (2 categories), the underlying features (5 categories), environmental features (4 categories) and outcome (1 category) were identified. The results of the research model showed that improvement in attitude and awareness, increase in motivation, interest, vitality and happiness can attract the participation of students, staff and faculty members in university sport for all. Therefore, it is essential that sport for all development policies in Islamic Azad University are based on the model developed in this study to develop sport for all and increase the participation of individuals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
694 - The Effect of Ethical Development in Sport on Promoting Ethical Values
mitra safari hasan fahimdovin hosein peymanizad mohammad kashtidarThe dimming of ethics in all aspects of the great community of sport has become a challenge. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the development of ethics in academic sport on the promotion of ethical values in the sports community of the count MoreThe dimming of ethics in all aspects of the great community of sport has become a challenge. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the development of ethics in academic sport on the promotion of ethical values in the sports community of the country. The purpose of this research is to apply the type of research in terms of the type of data search (quantitative and qualitative), and in terms of data analysis, a descriptive-correlational type and time domain of the research are of a contemporary type. Field data was collected. The statistical population of the study consisted of all sports experts in the country that were selected randomly using the Morgan table formula. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 54 phrases in four components. For analyzing the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods were used with SPSS 21 software. The findings indicated that effective factors affecting the development of ethics in academic sport affecting the promotion of ethical values in the sports community of the country are influential factors of individual-behavioral, subjective, organizational and supra-organizational. According to the average rankings, the ranking of the factors affecting the development of ethics in academic sport showed that the highest rank is in terms of dimensions of individual-behavioral factors, underlying factors, organizational factors, and trans-organization factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
695 - Designing Chess Management Model in Iranian Sports Organizations
nina hematizadeh hossein sepasi parivash nourbakhsh Mahvash NoorbakhshAbstractStrategic thinking is a process whereby top-level managers view the crises and processes of daily management of the organization and its clients. Chess, which is an intellectual sport, involves strategic thinking, and a chess player moves his or her pieces on th MoreAbstractStrategic thinking is a process whereby top-level managers view the crises and processes of daily management of the organization and its clients. Chess, which is an intellectual sport, involves strategic thinking, and a chess player moves his or her pieces on the chessboard against his opponent by this skill. The purpose of this study was to design a model of chess management in Iranian sport organizations. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed to 348 chess managers. The content validity of the instrument was confirmed by experts and its internal consistency was also confirmed in a pilot study. To fit the model, path analysis was used at the significant level of (P = 0.05). Results showed that there was a significant relationship between goal setting, decision making and implementation, and control and chess management of the subjects (P <0.05). According to the findings, chess players always use their basic and creative strategic models to solve problems and face crises and win. The basic patterns that chess masters use to manage their chess pieces on a chess board can be a good model for managers to manage their employees in real life and lead them to victory. In this study, the chess management model is extracted, and the findings show that further research and attention to chess management can be very useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
696 - Construction and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Sport Responsibility
پوریا بهاران حمید فروغی پور نجف آقائیThis study aimed to present a model for sport tourism development in Lorestan province with emphasis on social factors. Research method of this study was a survey based on structural equation modeling and applied research that was conducted in the field. The statistical MoreThis study aimed to present a model for sport tourism development in Lorestan province with emphasis on social factors. Research method of this study was a survey based on structural equation modeling and applied research that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of this study after determining the research model was all sport tourists in Lorestan province. According to Cochran formula and cluster random sampling method in the first and second stage of non-probability, sampling method 384 persons were selected as research sample. The data-gathering tool in this study was based on expert opinions including 5 dimensions and 29 items. The social factors considered in this study include security, socio-cultural, economics, tourism services and advertising. University professors and experts in terms of content validity approved these questionnaires. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of cultural and social dimensions was 0. 94 for economic 0. 97 for security 0. 96 for quality of tourism services 0. 92 and 0. 94 for advertisement. To analyze data, descriptive statistics, chart, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of skewness and elongation test, T-test and SWARA and structural equation modeling were used. The results of T-test showed that the social factors studied in this study respectively security (30. 261), socio-cultural (28. 121), quality of tourism services (25. 759), economics (25. 433) and advertisement (20. 307) had a significant effect on the development of sport tourism in Lorestan province. Among all of these factors, security 30. 261 has obtained the first rank in effects of sport tourism development. According to the results of the structural equation modeling, the main research model had a good fit, according to which the conceptual model of sport tourism development with emphasis on social factors had the required optimality and fit. Also, all independent variables studied can predict sports tourism development variables in Lorestan province. So, it is concluded that authorities should focus on all social variables to design tourism development model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
697 - Designing a Model for the Development of Environmental Sustainability of Sports in Iran
hassan taherkhani farydeh sharififar reza nikbakhshThe purpose of this research was to design and validate a model of indicators for the development of environmental sustainability in sports. The research method was first coded from the foundation's data theory method and Strauss and Corbin's systematic design and then MoreThe purpose of this research was to design and validate a model of indicators for the development of environmental sustainability in sports. The research method was first coded from the foundation's data theory method and Strauss and Corbin's systematic design and then presented as a conceptual model. The structural equation model method was then used to analyze the effect of the derived indices. Statistical sample: Initially, 15 sports environmental specialists were chosen using a selective process involving semi-structured interviews. The following stage involved selecting 250 staff from sports facilities in Tehran at random and evaluating them using a questionnaire based on the results.The results are presented in the form of a conceptual model, the obtained indicators are environmental actors in sport, environmental behavior in sport, environmental considerations in sport, environmental domains in sport, and environmental documentation and experiences in sport. The findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between environmental actor indicators in sports and the primary phenomena. The core phenomena has no substantial influence on document indices or ambient experiences in sports. However, there is a strong correlation between environmental behavior in sports and the central phenomena, as well as between environmental concerns in sports and environmental areas in sports. The reporting of these findings can benefit sustainable development, policy development, planning, and education in the field of sports environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
698 - Conceptual Model of Perceived Organizational Bullying and Burnout with the Mediating Role of organizational Maturity and Freedom of Expression in Staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth
jalal shamlo alimohammad safaniya salahedin naghshbandi The purpose of this study was to examine the conceptual model of perceived organizational bullying and burnout with the role of mediating organizational maturity and freedom of expression in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. in terms of nature and met More The purpose of this study was to examine the conceptual model of perceived organizational bullying and burnout with the role of mediating organizational maturity and freedom of expression in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. in terms of nature and method, this research is applied research with descriptive-correlation method that data collection was done in the field. The statistical population of this study is all staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N = 800). Measuring instruments were organizational maturity, burnout, organizational bullying, and freedom of expression questionnaires. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 11 faculty members. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. One-sample t-test, and structural equation modeling were performed for statistical analysis. The results showed that freedom of expression (2.45) in inappropriate status, organizational maturity (3.11) at a moderate level, burnout (3.30), and perceived organizational bullying (3.51) in the Ministry of Sport and Youth are significantly above average. Moreover, there is a positive and significant correlation between perceived organizational bullying and burnout (r = 0.57), a reverse and significant relationship between perceived organizational bullying and expression (r = -0.42) and organizational maturation (r=-0.30) among the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (sig = 0/01). As a result, two variables of organizational maturity and freedom of expression have reciprocal and significant effects on the relationship between perceived organizational bullying and burnout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
699 - Studying the Impact of War and Terrorism on the Image of Middle Eastern Sport
hamidreza jalili ali hematiafif nima majedi mehdi naderinasabThe present study aimed to study the impact of war and terrorism on the image of Middle Eastern sport. The research method was correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts in the field of sport and politics. Pu MoreThe present study aimed to study the impact of war and terrorism on the image of Middle Eastern sport. The research method was correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts in the field of sport and politics. Purposeful sampling was used to identify these samples. The sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 52 individuals were identified as the sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were assessed. Structural equation method was used for data analysis. All data analysis was done in SPSS and PLS software. The results of the study showed that military warfare has an effect of -0.198 on the Middle East sport aspect. Also, psychological warfare has an effect of -0.387 on the Middle East sport. The results of the present study showed that terrorism has an effect of -0.540 on the Middle East sport aspect. The present study found that economic warfare and cyber warfare had no significant effect on Middle Eastern sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
700 - Analysis and psychometrics of tools for measuring the development ofsocial capital through sport
mehdi tavakol hassan fahim hossein peymanizad Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh GhandehariAbstractThe purpose of the present study was to construct and validate an instrument for assessing and measuring the effective indicators on the development of social capital through sport. The purpose of this study was to use applied research method and in terms of dat MoreAbstractThe purpose of the present study was to construct and validate an instrument for assessing and measuring the effective indicators on the development of social capital through sport. The purpose of this study was to use applied research method and in terms of data analysis method, descriptive and correlational type was used to collect information by field and survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of all faculty members of sport management and sociology of universities of the country, which were selected by random sampling based on the Morgan sample table. A tool for collecting research data in the qualitative section of the deep and exploratory interview and in the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 113 questions and 6 components. For analyzing the data and responding to the research hypotheses, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods were used with the help of SPSS version 23 and LISEREL 8/8. The results of the fitting indexes of the measured model showed that the questionnaire on the effective indicators on the development of social capital through sport was desirable. In general, the results of the research indicate that the indicators can satisfactorily measure the questionnaire of indicators that influence the development of social capital through sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
701 - The effect of general physical education course on sports identity of Azad University students
siyamak alborz bahram ghadimi akbar afarinesh khakiThe purpose of this study was the effect of physical education and sports units 1 on the sports identity of male and female students of Azad University. For this purpose, Chezlak Sports Identity Scale (2004) in two stages of pre-test and post-test was pro MoreThe purpose of this study was the effect of physical education and sports units 1 on the sports identity of male and female students of Azad University. For this purpose, Chezlak Sports Identity Scale (2004) in two stages of pre-test and post-test was provided to 230 undergraduate students who had taken the general units of physical education and sports 1 in the academic year of 1997-98. Correlated t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to examine intragroup changes. The mean score of sports identity of female students increased significantly (P = 0.001), while the mean score of sports identity of male students did not change significantly (P = 0.227). The mean score of social identity subscale of female students (P = 0.001) and male students (P = 0.008) in the post-test compared to the pre-test increased significantly. The mean score of the exclusivism subscale of female students (P = 0.087) and male students (P = 0.501) in the post-test compared to the pre-test did not change significantly. In general, the general physical education unit had an effect on the sports identity of students, especially female students Universities 'general physical education units are an opportunity through which the sports role of individuals can be strengthened and the ground for promoting the internal and external components of sports identity, the ultimate goal of which is to develop students' positive attitudes toward sports and physical activity. A group of paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were used. The mean score of sports identity of female students increased significantly (P = 0.001), while the mean score of sports identity of male students did not change significantly (P = 0.227). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
702 - The Casual Relationship of Strategic Alliance, Human Resource Flexibility and Sources of Organizational Conflict with Competitive Advantages in the Sport Industry Products
bahman shahriary abbas khodayari ali zareeAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for causal relationship of strategic alliance, human resource flexibility, and sources of organizational conflict with competitive advantages in the industry of sports production. The method of MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for causal relationship of strategic alliance, human resource flexibility, and sources of organizational conflict with competitive advantages in the industry of sports production. The method of this study was descriptive causal, which was conducted by survey method. Participants in this study included 306 owners, managers, marketing managers, and sales managers of sports production units in Tehran city. For data collection, four questionnaires were used to get the specific data which were the Strategic Alliance (r=0.88), Competitive Advantage (r=0.88), Organizational Conflict Resources (r=0.89), and Human Resource Flexibility (r=0.86). After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, these questionnaires were distributed among the participants. In addition, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that strategic alliance significantly has a direct effect on the two components of human resource flexibility (0.27) and sources of organizational conflict (0.34). Moreover, organizational conflict resources significantly have a negative effect on human resource flexibility (-0.47). Furthermore, human resource flexibility has the greatest impact on competitive advantage (0.62). This coefficient is the sum of the indirect effects of strategic alliance and sources of organizational conflict, as well as the direct effect of human resource flexibility on competitive advantage. The following conclusion can be drawn from the present study that the management of the different companies of sports production enters the trade unions with full confidence, to take into account the issues within the organization, such as cost-effectiveness and time, which create a competitive advantage. Consequently, they can turn a competitive advantage from an impermanence competitive advantage to sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
703 - Designing a Developmental Model for Sports education in Schools of Kermanshah Province
masomeh mohammadbigi shahab bahrami hossein eydi koroosh vaysiThe aim of this study was to design a developmental model for sports education in Iranian schools. Current study in terms of purpose is Practical and in terms of Data collection method was Descriptive survey. In the first part (qualitative) for conducting the field inte MoreThe aim of this study was to design a developmental model for sports education in Iranian schools. Current study in terms of purpose is Practical and in terms of Data collection method was Descriptive survey. In the first part (qualitative) for conducting the field interview, the statistical population of the study were prominent professors in the field of sports management specializing in school sports, as well as managers of the Ministry of Education's Physical Education Organization. Qualitative interviews were selected on the research topic (17 interviews with 17 individuals and continued until theoretical saturation). In the second part (quantitative), after collecting information from qualitative research, a questionnaire was constructed and this questionnaire (22 items in the form of three educational strategies, individual strategy and organizational strategy) was distributed among sports teachers in Kermanshah province. Use elongation and skew indices to check the distribution of data (natural or abnormal) and to investigate and answer the research questions and draw and compile a measurement model and a structural model of SPSS software version 24, Smart PLS Version 2.0 and Max QDA Pro software were used. The results showed that 27 conceptual codes and 5 main categories are the most important indicators of the development of sports education in Kermanshah Province. It was also found that the indicators of sports teacher, sports centers, championship, financial and sports facilities are indicators of the development of sports education in Iranian schools, respectively. Therefore, paying attention to selecting qualified teachers can be one of the most important programs and policies of student sports authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
704 - Model of Barriers on green information system in Sport Facility and organizations of Islamic Azad University
babak davodi ali zarei fareideh ganjoeiThe importance of paying attention to environmental issues has led to the identification of the green information system today as a new move to promote the environment. The purpose of this study was to present an effective barriers model to green information system in I MoreThe importance of paying attention to environmental issues has led to the identification of the green information system today as a new move to promote the environment. The purpose of this study was to present an effective barriers model to green information system in Islamic Azad University sport departments. The research type in terms of objective was applied and in terms of data collection was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of all managers and staffs of Islamic Azad University sport departments throughout the country, 340 of whom were selected as the sample of the study. A total of 320 questionnaires were analyzed. The research instrument consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was assessed using expert opinions, construct validity using factor analysis and its reliability based on Cronbach's alpha calculation method (α = 0.82 ). Statistical analysis method in this study included factor analysis test as well as structural equation test. All data analysis was done in SPSS, MicMac and PLS software. The results showed that all the relationships of the research were significant from 1.96 due to higher T level. Therefore, the structural model specified in the study was approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
705 - Designing of Interpretive Structural Model of Sport Tourism Development in Iran
zahra keivani alimohammad safaniya mohammad pourkiyani mohsen baqerianThe purpose of the present study was to understand the interpretive-structural model of the development of Iranian sport tourism. this is an application In terms of purpose With a mixed approach, that was done as a survey.The statistical population of this research was MoreThe purpose of the present study was to understand the interpretive-structural model of the development of Iranian sport tourism. this is an application In terms of purpose With a mixed approach, that was done as a survey.The statistical population of this research was consist of both quantitative and qualitative levels. The qualitative population (N = 15) consisted of experts in tourism and sport tourism and sport management and the quantitative population (N = 30,000). The coaches and referees, the senior players and managers of the tournament, players and spectators were determined Using the Morgan table, that subjects were randomly selected as statistical ‎sample. In this study, with Browse Documents and interviews with experts, the factors of Iranian sport tourism are identified. Then, the relationships between factors were determined of Interpretive Structural Modeling. The instrument for data collection was two questionnaires. According to the results, 7 factors were identified as the most important factors. The factors of Infrastructure and utility are the one of the most important factors. In the interpretive structural model, the relationships between factors were determined first, and the effect of factors and effectiveness on factors were determined using Mic-Mac analysis.That government and legal factors with the power of influence have 6 highest effects on other factors.The results of this study help planners , To be able to make smarter decisions and choose the right path for the development of this industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
706 - Qualitative Analysis of Encouraging Athletes to Purchase Iranian Sporting Goods: A Grounded Theory Study
mehdad namazi masuod emanzadeh mehrdad moharramzadehAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sp MoreAbstract Currently, there is a recent issue that has arisen among the Iranian athletes is the perspective of the superiority of foreign goods in Iran. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the tendency of athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods. In this study, which was a qualitative study, the data was obtained by relying on grounded theory and based on qualitative in-depth interviews with athletes of Ardabil province. The population included all the elite athletes of the province, who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball method, and 22 athletes were recruited as the statistical sample. The data were analyzed in three coding levels of open, axial, and selective. In the analysis of five concepts of causal conditions (five categories), intervening conditions (five categories), contextual conditions (five categories), strategies (six categories), and consequences (three categories), the Strauss and Corbin coding framework (2014) was used. In general, the results in the form of a qualitative model showed that according to the causal conditions and the requirement to encourage athletes to purchase Iranian sporting goods, as well as considering the intervening conditions and the context of the study, these beliefs can be developed via some strategies such as combating the smuggling of sporting goods or improving the quality of domestically produced sporting goods. Overall, this study supports the idea that by increasing sports production in Iran, it is possible to boost the trade-in sporting goods, and by neutralizing economic sanctions and creating national solidarity, this trade can be supported to see a tendency in athletes under the title: Preferring to purchase domestic sporting goods, instead of foreign ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
707 - Modeling the effect of organizational agility on organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of the intellectual capital in the ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran
saeideh maghsoudlou zynolabedin fallah taher bahlekeh asra askariThe main aim of this study was to modeling the effect of organizational agility on organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of the intellectual capital in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The statistical population of this study included all empl MoreThe main aim of this study was to modeling the effect of organizational agility on organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of the intellectual capital in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The statistical population of this study included all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth that based on Cochran's formula, 268 of these employees were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling. The tools used to collect research data included three standard questionnaires of Sharifi and Yang's (2004) Organizational Agility, Bonits's (2008) Intellectual Capital and Brown's (1997) Organizational Entrepreneurship. The questionnaire used have 16, 12 and 18 items with a five-point Likert scale, respectively. To evaluate the validity of the research tool, the opinions of 8 PhDs in sport management were used and the reliability of the questionnaires in a pilot study by using Cronbach's alpha for organizational agility, intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship was 0.78, 0.81 and 0.83, respectively which indicate their reliability is acceptable. The research findings showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=15.511, β=0.722). The results also showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on the intellectual capital (t=46.561, β=0.804). Intellectual capital also had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.878, β=0.198). Finally, the results showed organizational agility with the mediating role of the employees' intellectual capital had a positive effect on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.869, β=0.181). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
708 - Designing a model for the development of sports programs in Khuzestan Central Broadcasting
mehdi jalali shahram alam zahra hozhabrniya amir naderiThis study has developed a model and examined the effective factors for the development of sports programs in Khuzestan Central Broadcasting. The research is considered as applied research in terms of purpose, and it's considered as descriptive-causal research in terms MoreThis study has developed a model and examined the effective factors for the development of sports programs in Khuzestan Central Broadcasting. The research is considered as applied research in terms of purpose, and it's considered as descriptive-causal research in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study included all sports managers of the province (General Department of Sports and Youth of the province and sports delegations), experts of sports management of the province, and senior managers and specialists of Khuzestan Central Broadcasting. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. In order to evaluate the standardization of face validity questionnaire and also through Cronbach's alpha test, the reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed. After distributing the questionnaire by census among all statistical population, 275 correct questionnaires were collected and then analyzed. All data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 and Smart PLS software. In structural equation modeling, the results showed that all four factors of individual, managerial, organizational and human resources management have a significant effect on the development of sports programs in the Khuzestan Central Broadcasting and in this regard, environmental factors and marketing factors have a moderating role. The achievements of this research have a comprehensive and long-term view on the development of sports programs of Khuzestan Central Broadcasting, so that the localized model in this research can pave the way for managers in developing medium and long-term strategies in the field of content production and broadcasting from different dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
709 - Investigating the Impact of Regional Wars on the Validity of Middle Eastern Sports
hamidreza jalili ali hemati nima majedi mehdy naderinasabThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of military conflicts and regional killings on the credibility of Middle Eastern sports. The research method was correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study also included e MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of military conflicts and regional killings on the credibility of Middle Eastern sports. The research method was correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study also included experts in sports and politics. In order to identify these samples, purposive sampling method was used which continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 52 people were identified as the final sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were examined. Structural equation method was used to analyze the data of the present study. Data analysis of the present study was performed based on SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that military conflicts have an effect on the image of Middle Eastern sports of -0.198. Psychological conflicts also have an effect on the credibility of Middle Eastern sports of -0.387. The results of the present study showed that regional killings have an effect on the image of Middle Eastern sports by -0.540. Finally, the present study found that military-economic conflicts and cyber-military conflicts do not have a significant effect on the image of Middle Eastern sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
710 - Qualitative Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Success of the Most Scored National Football Player in the World: A Case Study of Ali Daei
gholamreza jafari Hamid Foroghipour Reza SaboonchiAbstractThe aim of this study was qualitative analysis of affecting factors on the success of the international striker (the player who scores) in football (Ali Daei) and it was done by Grounded theory. 11 football experts and Professors who are selected by combination MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was qualitative analysis of affecting factors on the success of the international striker (the player who scores) in football (Ali Daei) and it was done by Grounded theory. 11 football experts and Professors who are selected by combination of the Theoretical and Snowball sampling methods were randomly selected. In order to carry on in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The interviews are continued when the theoretical Saturation was obtained. The validity of the findings was done by helping knowledgeable people and using documents, the portability research results, maximum and non-repetitive data extraction. For data analyzing and expressing the theory open, axial and selective coding were used. The results showed that 140 concept codes with 7 subcategories and 2 main categories were extracted in 6 dimensions including; causal factors (5), contextual factors (3), central category (3), strategies (8), confounding conditions (5), Consequences (6). The categories compositing based on relationships among them around the affecting factors on the success of the International striker (the player who scores) in football caused to form a paradigm model. The results introduced strategies such as intrapersonal and extra- personal (external) factors which had consequences such as promoting social status, reputation, popularity and success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
711 - The Effect of Strategic Thinking on Organizational Prestige through the mediating role of Organizational Political Behavior of employees in the ministry of sports and youth
عرفانه صادقی نسب سید صلاح الدین نقشبندی مونا رضاییThe overall purpose of the present study was to mapping the effect of strategic thinking on organizational prestige through the mediating role of organizational political behavior of employees in Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research methodology is descriptive and MoreThe overall purpose of the present study was to mapping the effect of strategic thinking on organizational prestige through the mediating role of organizational political behavior of employees in Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research methodology is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N = 950). According to Cochran formula the sample size was estimated to be 330. Samples were randomly selected from statistical population. Three questionnaires of organizational political behaviors Kasmar and Carlsen (1997), organizational prestige questionnaire Sarmad et al (2011) and strategic thinking questionnaire Bashirbanaem (2011) were used to collect research data. Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 10 experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was also reported through Cronbach's alpha test which are organizational political behaviors (a=0/87), organizational prestige (a=0/77), and strategic thinking (a =0/86). To calculate data, SPSS software version 25 and Amos software version 23 were used. The results showed that the organizational political behaviors in relationship with the effect of the dimension of strategic thinkingon the organizational prestige of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth do not have a mediating role. It can be said that strategic thinking has a direct impact on organizational prestige. and, political behavior cannot act as mediator. It can be concluded from the results that if there are no political behaviors in an organization, the organization can use its forces and capitals for promoting the efficiency and effectiveness in the organization. Enhancing organizational prestige can bring good reputation among other organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
712 - Identifying and Explaining Sociological Components of Sport Education with the Grounded Theory
mohammad vaisi zahra alipordarvishi bahram ghadimi kaveh khabiri shala hojjatEducation involves creating or actuating any kind of perfection in humans that has utility and value. Sports as an acceptable phenomenon for all can be considered as a training tool for the transfer of human and social values. The purpose of this research was to identif MoreEducation involves creating or actuating any kind of perfection in humans that has utility and value. Sports as an acceptable phenomenon for all can be considered as a training tool for the transfer of human and social values. The purpose of this research was to identify and formulate sociological components of education through a systematic approach to data base theory. This research was qualitative and based on an interpretative paradigm.In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 experts from the sociology, management and behavioral of sports. Areas of qualitative data that was the criterion for completing the interviews with theoretical saturation. Qualitative data was analyzed with a set of open, axial and selective coding and was developed based on the generated codes of the paradigm of sport education. The validity of the results was confirmed by the method of control of the members and the evaluation of the participants in the research. Results included (cooperation, consistency, opposition, and agreement), the underlying factors (individual, social) and interventional factors (physical and educational infrastructure)which improvie individual and social skills and promoting the growth and prosperity of educational sport in the country. Also, developing a model and presenting an educational model of sport education can be the subject of future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
713 - Presentation of Iran' Competency Sport Coaching Paradigm Model Based on Grounded Theory
Alireza Zamani Nukaabadi shahram aroufzad Rasool Nazari ahmadreza movahediThe purpose of this study was presentation of Iran' Competency Sport coaching that was done using a systematic design of grounded theory. Participants in the present study were sports coaches and athletes in various disciplines and context, twenty of whom were selected MoreThe purpose of this study was presentation of Iran' Competency Sport coaching that was done using a systematic design of grounded theory. Participants in the present study were sports coaches and athletes in various disciplines and context, twenty of whom were selected by theoretical sampling for in-depth interviews, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data. 450 code with fifteen categories and 60 concepts in the form of six categories of paradigm model including phenomena included sport coaching competency, causal conditions in the form of four categories of coaching knowledge, coaching skills, coaching characteristics and coaching philosophy, context in form of five categories including training management, competition management, social relationship, social behavior and role play, consequences in form two categories included sport consequences and social consequences, environment conditions in form two categories included variety in sport environment and variety in athletes, and strategies in form of one category included pursuit of development and excellence identified. What is evident in sports coaching is the favorable output of athletes, both technically and socially. The result of a sports coach's competence is the trust of the players and the managers and the fans in that coach, and the higher the coach's competency is perceived, the more his trust and athletes' satisfaction increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
714 - The Presentation a Systematic Data-Based Model for Enhancing Social Capital in the Sports and Youth Departments of Isfahan Province
afsaneh fadaei mehdi salimi mina mostahfezian shahram aroufzadehThe purpose of the present study was to explore and present a systematic data-based model for enhancing social capital in the Sports and Youth Departments of Isfahan Province. The nature of exploratory research falls into the category of applied research. The statistica MoreThe purpose of the present study was to explore and present a systematic data-based model for enhancing social capital in the Sports and Youth Departments of Isfahan Province. The nature of exploratory research falls into the category of applied research. The statistical population of the study included all experts in the field of sports management and senior executives of the province's sports management; in fact, were considered as the statistical population of the study. For sampling, purposeful sampling and snowballing techniques were used for the interviews, and the data were theoretically saturated after 11 interviews. For data collection, a semi-structured interview was used. The criteria of Skinner et al. were used to measure the validity of the data, and re-test reliability method was used to measure reliability. Because of the novelty of the research and the possible limitations of the data, the triangulation approach was generally used for data collection. The data analysis process was based on three stages of open, axial, and selective coding, and software Maxqda version 12 was used for this purpose. The results showed that sub-codes (concepts) of causal conditions included interpersonal and individual factors, attitudes and values, social cooperation and institutional trust; phenomenon-based sub-codes included cognitive and structural factors; sub-codes of contextual conditions included case management, individual satisfaction, meritocracy, training, and self-esteem; sub-codes of intervening conditions included respect for actions, structural and behavioral barriers, and social anomie; sub-codes of strategies included empowerment, reengineering of structure, monitoring and supervision, support; and finally, sub-codes of the outcomes included knowledge management, group and individual efficiency, and social belonging. The results showed that the pattern of social capital promotion depends on different conditions and if these conditions are available in the sports and youth departments of Isfahan province, we can expect social capital to be promoted. Based on the data theory of the foundation and the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, it was determined that these conditions are subject to causal, contextual and interventional conditions. In addition, it was determined that in order to promote social capital, it is necessary to adopt appropriate strategies to use them to achieve the desired and expected results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
715 - Investigate Mediating Role of Commitment on the Relation between Leisure Involvement and the Well-Being of Fans of Iranian Football Premier League Clubs
seyed amin dehghan mahdi pirmohamadi mojtaba ahmadinasab mirebrahim hosieniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mediator of commitment in the relationship between leisure involvement and well-being of fans of Iranian football premier league clubs. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational and is an applied re MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mediator of commitment in the relationship between leisure involvement and well-being of fans of Iranian football premier league clubs. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational and is an applied research in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the present study was consisted of all fan in the soccer tournament of both Esteghlal and Persepolis clubs in the 18th Premier League. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample with respect to the unlimited population size. Random sampling method was used. To collect data, Pan and Associates (2018) questionnaire was used for five value Likert scale. To analyze the data, SPSS.16 was used to study and present the structural equation model of PLS3. Findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between leisure involvement and well-being, leisure involvement and commitment, but there is no significant relationship between commitment and well-being. Based on research findings, leisure involvement can lead to people's well-being. Therefore, if the proposed measures can be planned and implemented, they can increase the level of leisure involvement and well-being of individuals. In this regard, it should be noted that the ability to focus on the development of culture emphasizes the positive aspects of participation in leisure activities to simultaneously reflect the commitment and well-being of individuals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
716 - Designing a Model of Success and Failure Factor of Lean Services Modeling Based on Data Base Approach
zahed mohammadi mojgan khodamoradpor mozafar yektayar samira aliabadiThe purpose of this study was to Identifying and designing a model of pure service Propulsions in sports organizations based on data base approach. The present research is a qualitative study based on a grounded theory approach. The statistical population of the study c MoreThe purpose of this study was to Identifying and designing a model of pure service Propulsions in sports organizations based on data base approach. The present research is a qualitative study based on a grounded theory approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of professors and experts in sport management and marketing, senior managers of sport and youth departments, sport managers and managers of sport halls in the west of the country. After studying the theoretical foundations, 12 in-depth interviews were simultaneously analyzed and coded. The quality part was done by MAXQDA18 and in a small part by SPSS25 and Amos software. Findings showed that the drivers of success in lean services in western sports organizations consisted of six factors: value chain creation, value determination, value flow identification, perfectionism, process value flow and social value, and proponents of lean service failure. It also consists of seven factors: lack of business model, neglect of customer feedback, high startup time, poor marketing, structural problems, managerial problems and lack of employee engagement. Based on them, paradigm model designed. that sports organizations in the west of the country face certain factors in providing lean services to their customers, and by improving their quality, it is possible to provide the ground for providing lean services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
717 - Providing a Relational Model of the Physical Activity Passion and Vitality with the Enjoyment of Sports leisure, the Mediates Social Cohesion in the Employees of the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization
elahe reyahi ali zarei mohammadreza esmailil zinat nikaeeinThe present study was designed to investigate the correlation between a passion for physical activity and vitality with leisure-time enjoyment of physical activity in Tehran municipality sports organizations in 2019. A descriptive-correlational design was used for this MoreThe present study was designed to investigate the correlation between a passion for physical activity and vitality with leisure-time enjoyment of physical activity in Tehran municipality sports organizations in 2019. A descriptive-correlational design was used for this study. The population included all employees of the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, and the statistical sample was selected by the all-round method (n=200).In this study, Marsh et al.'s (2013) Passion Scale, Ryan et al.'s (1997) Mental Vitality Scale, Groningen Stevens et al.'s (2000) Pleasure Questionnaire, and Lee and Robbins' Social Cohesion in 1995 (1995) were used. Face validity, content validity index, convergence, and construct validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculation) were evaluated after collecting by a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SmartPls 3.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant positive causal relationship between consistent desire and enjoyment of sports leisure (β = 0.33, P = 0.001) in the employees of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization. While there was no causal relationship between extreme desire and enjoyment of sports leisure (β = 0.09, P = 0.384). Also, other results showed that there was no causal relationship between vitality and enjoyment of sports leisure (β = 0.03, P = 0.728). Similarly, there was a significant positive causal relationship between social cohesion and enjoyment of sports leisure (β = 0.85, P = 0.001). The mediating role of social cohesion in the relationship between adaptive desire, extreme desire, and vitality with the enjoyment of sports leisure in the employees of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization was a significant mediating role. It is concluded that the managers of the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization should implement sports programs for some days of the week and in the form of family festivals in order to encourage employees to participate in physical activity during their free time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
718 - Designed by Iranian Professional Team Sports Club System
hojat kazemini zinat nikaeein ali zareiThe main purpose of the present study was to design a system of professional team sports club in Iran. The purpose of this study is fundamental to qualitative methodology by using fundamental data theory. The statistical population of this study consisted of published d MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to design a system of professional team sports club in Iran. The purpose of this study is fundamental to qualitative methodology by using fundamental data theory. The statistical population of this study consisted of published documents on professional team sport club topics and 13 experts. Purposeful sampling, which is a non-probability sampling method, was used to select the sample. Then, theoretical sampling was used for sampling adequacy. The data collection tool in this study was in-depth interview. Measurement validity and reliability were performed when coding the review; The results were categorized or verified by referring to the interviewees; Confirmation of research collaborators including supervisor; In this study, MAXQDA Version 2018 software was used to analyze the data. The results of open coding indicated that 86 open codes were obtained from the analysis of interviews and documents. The axial coding results indicated that 11 categories of this coding were obtained which included: The design of the club is the perception of the environment, the executable duties of the manager in the sporting environment, managerial skills, human resource management, marketing practices, public relations, cultural affairs, finance, infrastructure, and factors influencing success. Finally, findings from selective coding included 4 concepts (contextual factors, driving factors, developer factors, and club success). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
719 - Identifying the Factors Affecting the Development of NAJA Championship Sports Based on grounded Theory Approach
hasan esazadeh nasrola mohammadi farshad amamiThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of NAJA championship sports based on grounded theory approach. The statistical population included professors and faculty members of sports management, managers and experts of NAJA champions MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of NAJA championship sports based on grounded theory approach. The statistical population included professors and faculty members of sports management, managers and experts of NAJA championship sports. A total of 10 members of the qualitative community purposefully selected as statistical samples. The research measurement tool was a semi-structured interview. The reliability of the interviews was 0.83 by the method of intra-subject agreement. For data analysis, a continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results showed that 205 codes were obtained in the open coding stage and 6 axes in the axial coding, and finally 6 political, social, economic, sports participation, environment, and technology development factors were determined in the development of Naja championship sports. The research results can be useful for managers and decision makers in Naja championship sports to achieve success and reach the desired state Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
720 - Identifying Effective Factors of the Development of Taekwondo in Iran and Presenting the Model
reza emanzade abbas khodayari hamid ghasemi nazanin rasekhThe present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the development of Taekwondo in Iran and the presentation model. The statistical population of the study consisted of all professors and faculty members of sport management, experts and managers of the ministr MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the development of Taekwondo in Iran and the presentation model. The statistical population of the study consisted of all professors and faculty members of sport management, experts and managers of the ministry, and the affiliate of the sports championship of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, leaders and experts of the Taekwondo Federation and coaches of the Taekwondo team. In the qualitative part of the research, using the method of theoretical sampling with 25 people in the community, qualitative interviews were conducted to achieve theoretical saturation. In the small part, according to the uncertain size of the research community, using a Morgan table, 277 people were selected as sample size and random sampling was performed. The instrument for measuring the research in the qualitative section was semi-structured interview. In next stage, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. To obtain the validity of the questionnaire, the formal and content validity and construct validity were used, and for reliability, it was used Cronbach's alpha. The results of the research showed that seven factors including social and cultural factors, technology factors, economic factors, political factors, sports agents, management factors and places and equipment are effective on the development of the country's tactical skills. Therefore, it is recommended to pay special attention to all the factors identified in this study to develop sport for Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
721 - Developing an Entrepreneurial Model with an Emphasis on Sports Tourism
jafar hidari mehdi savadi hamidreza saybaniThe purpose of this study was to develop an entrepreneurial model with emphasis on sports tourism. This was done by conducting a qualitative research of the grand theory type, the method of which is exploratory. This research was done through literature review and explo MoreThe purpose of this study was to develop an entrepreneurial model with emphasis on sports tourism. This was done by conducting a qualitative research of the grand theory type, the method of which is exploratory. This research was done through literature review and exploratory interviews using content analysis (coding of analysis unit, categories and registration unit). To conduct the field interview, the statistical population of the study included expert professors in the field of sport management, entrepreneurship and specialized tourism, as well as entrepreneurs in the field of sports tourism. After analyzing the literature and presenting the research model, 12 people from the statistical community were interviewed to complete the list of entrepreneurial factors with emphasis on sports tourism. Finally, the categories were identified in the form of 23 categories and 81 concept codes, and in the heart of the six dimensions of the paradigm model as causal causes (1 category), the main category: sports tourism entrepreneurship (1 category), strategies (8 categories), conditions Background (7 categories), interventionist conditions (1 category), and consequences (5 categories) were included. In this regard, factors such as environmental attractiveness, financial, sports tourism infrastructure, sports tourism intermediary services, catering facilities, facilities and facilities related to sports events and media were recognized as the underlying conditions and increase organizational cooperation, strategies Economic, cultural and cultural strategies, information, facilities, information acquisition, manpower and support of managers were identified as strategies for entrepreneurship development in the sports tourism industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
722 - The determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment
behnaz roshanravan hossein abdolmaleki syednemat khalifehAbstractSports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and en MoreAbstractSports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment. The research method was a descriptive - survey and the statistical population consisted of 253 residents around the Sports Complex. The instruments used in this study included the Environmental and Traffic Impact Questionnaire of Sultan Hosseini et al. (2014). This questionnaire has 14 questions and 2 components of the environmental impacts of sports areas and the traffic impacts of sports areas. Sultan-Hosseini et al. (2013) questionnaire is also used in the field of socio-economic impacts. This questionnaire has 16 questions and 2 components of economic and social impacts of sports facilities. The validity of the questionnaire is a content type and its reliability is calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 81%. A one-sample T-test were used to analyze the data from the questionnaires. The multidisciplinary Decision-Making Method is used to rank the effects of the evaluated components. This study has identified that social impacts significantly had the greatest effects on the urban environment of Karaj city (p<0.001). Moreover, the next two ranks are traffic effects and environmental effects, but there was no influence of the economic effects on the urban environment around the sports complex (p=0.11). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
723 - E-commerce development strategies in the country's sports
fatemeh zohrabi Reza Saboonchi Hamid ForoghipourThe purpose of this research was to identify the factors and strategies for deploying electronic commerce in the production of sporting goods in the country and to provide an analytical model. In terms of target type, the present research is applied research. It was car MoreThe purpose of this research was to identify the factors and strategies for deploying electronic commerce in the production of sporting goods in the country and to provide an analytical model. In terms of target type, the present research is applied research. It was carried out qualitatively and through in-depth interviews. The research method used is Grounded Theory (Foundation Data Theory). The statistical population of the study consisted of 17 professors and experts in sport marketing and 11 marketing and sales representatives of manufacturer companies of sporting goods who interviewed. Finally, the data from the interviews were analyzed using the Grounded Theory method through three stages of coding. The results of coding in the end of the 6 main categories include the causal conditions (supervisor-policy making-occupational-economic), underlying conditions (modeling -lifestyle-ICT development-environmental learning), mediating conditions (technical -information, legal-cultural), strategies (law-manpower-equipment-localization), outcomes (economic-structural-cultural-environmental) and the main phenomenon of electronic commerce implementation in the sport sector of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
724 - Designing a Model of Success Factors for Iranian Basketball
elham jeyhoni nasrola momamadi morteza doosti saeid amirnejadThis study aimed to develop a model of Iranian basketball success paths. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used, involving the level managers of the basketball federation and the country's sports management specialists in the qualitative MoreThis study aimed to develop a model of Iranian basketball success paths. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used, involving the level managers of the basketball federation and the country's sports management specialists in the qualitative section. In the qualitative section, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 members of the qualitative community to achieve theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, considering that between 5 to 10 samples were required for each question, 322 people were considered as the sample size by stratified random sampling method. The research measurement tool in the qualitative part included a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part a questionnaire consisted of 59 questions taken from the interview. Exploratory factor analysis was used to psychometric the research structures. In order to ensure the validity of the structure and to confirm the factors identified in the previous step (exploratory factor analysis), the factors were used using the confirmatory factor analysis test by partial square method. It is concluded that 7 factors of management, environment, social and cultural, education, economic and political, talent identification and athlete affect the success of Iranian basketball. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
725 - Conceptual Framework Development for the Growth of the Economy of Iranian Premier League Clubs
seyedmustafa hashemi fareydeh ganjouei zinat nikaeenAbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of managers of physical education faculties at the Islamic Azad University with a 360-degree evaluation approach. For this purpose, by studying research literature and reviewing the research background; d MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of managers of physical education faculties at the Islamic Azad University with a 360-degree evaluation approach. For this purpose, by studying research literature and reviewing the research background; dimensions, components, and evaluation indicators of the managers were extracted, and based on this, a questionnaire with a Likert scale in 11 dimensions and 100 questionnaires was designed. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by using the consensus of experts. The reliability coefficient was obtained and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test as 0.92. The statistical population of the study included students, staff, professors, faculty directors, and physical education departments and heads and deputies of universities with a faculty of Physical Education at Islamic Azad University. The statistical samples were obtained by census method and also by using the Morgan table. The results of the research showed that the ranking of the evaluated subjects of managers varies from the viewpoint of the evaluating groups so that from the point of view managers, professors, heads, deputies, students, and staff, respectively, the dimensions of leadership skills, technical and vocational skills, work communication and quantitative and qualitative processing of information have the highest priorities and dimensions of judgment, leadership skills, change and innovation, leadership skills and change and innovation, respectively have the lowest scores and ranks. There is a significant difference between the assessing groups in the eleven dimensions discussed. The evaluation of managers from their point of view, professors, superiors, and students is optimal and from the employee's point of view, is moderate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
726 - Identifing the Behavioral Factors Involved in Increasing Students’ Participation in Recreational Sport Activities at Islamic Azad University
هادی عبداللهی فر علی محمد صفانیا مهدی نمازی زاده شیوا آزادفداFinding the appropriate solutions for attracting students in active participating in recreational sports and to ensure their health needs a good command in knowing the effective factors in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors MoreFinding the appropriate solutions for attracting students in active participating in recreational sports and to ensure their health needs a good command in knowing the effective factors in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors involved in increasing students’ participation in recreational sport activities at the university. This research has an applied orientation and is a mixed research in which is exploratory from qualitative point of view and is a survey research from quantitative view point.The statistical population of the qualitative section consisted of managers and faculty members related to the research subject, 22 of whom were selected by purposive quota sampling method. The statistical population of the quantitative section was the educational managers of the Azad University units including 381 persons. According to the condition of sufficient sample size for factor analysis, 200 were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection method is the quantitative section, Libraries and semi – structured interviewed based on saturation in data collection, and at the quantitative stage a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was performed to confirm the questionnaire by experts. Delphi method was used for qualitative analysis of research variables and factorial analysis and confirmatory factorial analysis then the goodness of fit indices and Freedman was used in SPSS and LISREL soft wares. The results revealed that behavioral factors influencing students' participation in university leisure activities can be classified into three structural, interactive (interpersonal) and individual components. These results can help the officials formulate sports university strategies and policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
727 - The Effect of Anomic Conditions on Hypocritical Behavior with the Mediating Role of Working low and Social Undermining of Human Resources in Tehran Municipality Sports and Recreation Organization
behnam bayati majid soleimani sirous ahmadiThe aim of this research was to study the effect of organizational Anomia on organizational hypocrisy with the mediator role of Social Undermining and Working low in the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The stati MoreThe aim of this research was to study the effect of organizational Anomia on organizational hypocrisy with the mediator role of Social Undermining and Working low in the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all employees of Tehran Municipal sports organization. The statistical sample was estimated to be a sufficient number for Smart Pls Modeling software (215 people) and stratified sampling was random. The research instrument was a redesigned questionnaire from previous research for four variables and on a 5-point Likert scale. Content validity of the tool Verification was verified and approved using expert opinion (12 people), Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and construct validity using factor analysis. The results showed that in direct relationships; the variable of organizational anomie had a significant effect on social wear (0.444), employee underemployment (0.787) and organizational hypocrisy (0.294). Also, the effect of social wear on organizational hypocrisy (0.386) and underemployment of employees (0.21) was significant. The effect of staff underemployment on organizational hypocrisy (0.498) was also significant. In indirect relationships, too; the effect of organizational anomie on organizational hypocrisy was significant through the two mediating variables of social wear (0.19) and underemployment (0.27). According to research findings, it can be said that although organizational Anomia itself can lead to negative organizational behaviors such as hypocrisy But if the mediator and intervening variables are not controlled This effect can be much more intense. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
728 - Modeling the Effect of Organizational Agility on Organizational Entrepreneurship with the Mediating Role of the Intellectual Capital in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran
saeideh maghsoudlou zinolabedin fallah taher behlekeh asra askariThe main aim of this study was to modeling the effect of organizational agility on organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of the intellectual capital in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The statistical population of this study included all empl MoreThe main aim of this study was to modeling the effect of organizational agility on organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of the intellectual capital in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The statistical population of this study included all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth that based on Cochran's formula, 268 of these employees were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling. The tools used to collect research data included three standard questionnaires of Sharifi and Yang's (2004) Organizational Agility, Bonits's (2008) Intellectual Capital and Brown's (1997) Organizational Entrepreneurship. The questionnaire used have 16, 12 and 18 items with a five-point Likert scale, respectively. To evaluate the validity of the research tool, the opinions of 8 PhDs in sport management were used and the reliability of the questionnaires in a pilot study by using Cronbach's alpha for organizational agility, intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship was 0.78, 0.81 and 0.83, respectively which indicate their reliability is acceptable. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The research findings showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=15.511, β=0.722). The results also showed organizational agility had a positive and significant impact on the intellectual capital (t=46.561, β=0.804). Intellectual capital also had a positive and significant impact on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.878, β=0.198). Finally, the results showed organizational agility with the mediating role of the employees' intellectual capital had a positive effect on organizational entrepreneurship (t=3.869, β=0.181). According to the research results, it is recommended to develop the ability of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth to make decisions in different working conditions, as well as to train them to use job opportunities in the best way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
729 - Identify Factors Affecting Elite Badminton Policy in Iran Using Fuzzy Delphi
bahador zakizadehThe aim of this study was to identify and prioritize factors affecting elite Badminton policy in Iran. This study was qualitative method. Population of study were elite people in management of Badminton. In this study for identifying factors affecting elite Badmin MoreThe aim of this study was to identify and prioritize factors affecting elite Badminton policy in Iran. This study was qualitative method. Population of study were elite people in management of Badminton. In this study for identifying factors affecting elite Badminton policy in Iran Fuzzy Delphi were used. According to this method, these factors identified: Financial support, Integrated approach to policy development, participation in Badminton, development system of talent identification, integrated athletic and post-Career Support, training facilities, Coaching provision & development, (Inter)national competition and Scientific research. The elite Badminton system in Iran is heavily interfering, centralized, bureaucratic and highly formal but unstable. The elite badminton system in Iran seems to be moving in the opposite direction, moving toward more centralization and government-led management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
730 - To Identify the Effective Factors of Managing the Development of Sports Tourism with the Approach of Beach Sports in Hormozgan Province
firoozeh rezaei hamidreza saybani mehdi savadiThe purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors of managing the development of the sports tourism with the approach of beach sports in Hormozgan province. To achieve this approach, first the criteria and sub-criteria affecting the development of beach sp MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors of managing the development of the sports tourism with the approach of beach sports in Hormozgan province. To achieve this approach, first the criteria and sub-criteria affecting the development of beach sports tourism through interviews with experts identified and a questionnaire based on 6 criteria and 60 sub-criteria was developed. Population of this study was 100000 sports tourists. Based on Morgan table, the questionnaire distributed among 387 available sports tourists. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test and its validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The normality of the variables was evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and their correlation with Spearman correlation coefficient. Next, Friedman test was used to rank the effect of the main criteria for developing beach sports tourism and t-test was used to compare the main factors’ mean. Friedman test showed that the criteria of 1) economic-marketing, 2) infrastructure, 3) public relations and advertising, 4) socio-cultural, 5) political-security and 6) managerial have the greatest importance in development of the beach sports tourism in Hormozgan province respectively. Thus, encouraging and supporting private investors, creating infrastructure, and improving quality services and marketing of beach sports has a major role in achieving economic-sports development of Hormozgan coast. The results also showed all 6 main factors’ mean were more than average number 3) sig=0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
731 - Presenting a Sports Tourism Development Model with Emphasis on Social Factors (Case study of Lorestan province)
porya baharan najaf aghaei Hamid ForoghipourThis study aimed to present a model for the development of sports tourism in the province of Lorestan, focusing on social factors. In this study, the research method was a survey using structural equation modeling and applied research in the field. The population of thi MoreThis study aimed to present a model for the development of sports tourism in the province of Lorestan, focusing on social factors. In this study, the research method was a survey using structural equation modeling and applied research in the field. The population of this study was all sports tourists in Lorestan province. According to Cochran's formula and cluster random sampling method in the first and second stages of non-probability, sampling method 384 persons were selected.The data-gathering tool in this study was based on expert opinions including 5 dimensions and 29 items. The social factors included security, socio-cultural, economics, tourism services, and advertising. lecturers and experts in terms of content validity approved these questionnaires. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of cultural and social dimensions was 0. 94, economic 0. 97, security 0. 96, quality of tourism services 0. 92 advertisement and 0. 94. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, chart, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics of skewness and elongation test, t-test and SWARA, and structural equation modeling were used. The results showed that security: 30. 261, socio-cultural: 28. 121, quality of tourism services: 25. 759, economics: 25. 433 and advertisement: 20. 307 had a significant effect on the development of sports tourism in the Lorestan province. Among all of these factors, security 30. 261 has obtained the first rank in effects of sports tourism development. Furthermore, according to the structural equation modeling results, the main research model had a good fit, which indicates that the conceptual model of sport tourism development with emphasis on social factors is optimal and fits. Using all dimensions as independent variables, the Lorestan province sports tourism development can be predicted. It is concluded that authorities should focus on all social variables to design a tourism development model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
732 - The Relationship Between work ethics and power resources of manager with job satisfaction of the staff of the general administration of sports and youth of Alborz province
najme abbasi behzad soheily gholamreza farajiAbstractSatisfaction in all situations is a competitive advantage for organizations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between work ethics and power resources of manager with job satisfaction of the staff of the general administration of sports and youth MoreAbstractSatisfaction in all situations is a competitive advantage for organizations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between work ethics and power resources of manager with job satisfaction of the staff of the general administration of sports and youth of Alborz province. According to Krejcie and Morgan's sample size table, 127 employees of the general administration of sports and youth of Alborz province completed standard questionnaires of work ethics (Petty, 1990), Managers power resources (Wann et al., 2000) and job satisfaction (Linz, 2003) on a classified random and voluntary basis. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation for determining simple relationships and multivariate regression to predict the relationships of variables using SPSS software. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of work ethics and job satisfaction, power and job satisfaction, power and work ethics. The results also showed that work ethics was a good predictor for job satisfaction and power resources could not be a good predictor for job satisfaction. Overall, it can be stated that since human resources are the core capital of any organization and for achieving the desired results, both the manager and staff are crucial, therefore the selection of appropriate ways of exercising power and work ethics by managers that can lead to job satisfaction will increases the likelihood of organizations’ succeed and achieving their goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
733 - Strategic themes of branding in sports
Rasool NazariStrategy can be defined as "analyzing the relationship between the institution and its environment, determining the direction and goals of the institution, establishing the activities that will realize them, and reorganizing the organization by allocating the required r MoreStrategy can be defined as "analyzing the relationship between the institution and its environment, determining the direction and goals of the institution, establishing the activities that will realize them, and reorganizing the organization by allocating the required resources." Have you ever wondered why some of the big and successful organizations in a short period of time by losing a large share of their market have been reduced to a normal and even regrettable situation and why some small and unknown organizations have suddenly become They have reached distinguished positions in the scene of international competition. In the field of strategic brand management, strategy is basically a basic model of current and planned goals, utilization and allocation of an organization's resources and interactions with markets, competitors and other environmental factors. Strategic brand management is integrated decisions and activities to develop effective strategies, implement and control their results. Therefore, in this regard, strategic management includes the activities related to the review, evaluation and selection of strategies, the adoption of any internal and external measures for the implementation of these strategies, and finally, the control of the performed activities. With a close look at the concept of strategic management in the field of branding, one can realize the necessity of using it. Considering the environmental changes that have gained a lot of momentum and the complexity of organizational decisions, the need to use a comprehensive plan to deal with such issues becomes more tangible than in the past. This program is nothing but a strategic program. Strategic managers based on a dynamic, future-oriented, comprehensive and contingent mentality are the solutions to many of today's problems. Therefore, one of the most important tools that organizations can use to achieve success in the future will be "strategic management". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
734 - Investigating the Role of Word of Mouth in the Relationship between Trust and Shopping Behavior of Consumers of Sports Products in Guilan Province
abbas khodayari seyavash khodaparast javid pourabdiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of word of mouth in the relationship between trust and consumer buying behavior of sports products in Guilan province. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type. The statistical pop MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of word of mouth in the relationship between trust and consumer buying behavior of sports products in Guilan province. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type. The statistical population of the study was consumers of sports products in Guilan province that 387 people were randomly selected based on Cochran's formula.To collect data, Kim and Park Customer Trust Questionnaire (2013), Bandapi Customer Behavior Questionnaire (2016) and Jang (2007) word of mouth were used. Structural equation modeling and Spss24 and Pls3 software were used to analyze the data and check the model fit. The results showed that customer trust has a direct positive and significant effect on word of mouth (0.55) and can also explain about 52% of customer buying behavior; Word of mouth also has a direct and positive effect on shopping behavior and explains about 42% of its changes; Finally, the effect of customer trust on buying behavior mediated by word of mouth was significant. It can be said that in an environment where consumer confidence in the company and advertising has decreased, word of mouth allows companies and products to influence customer buying behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
735 - Designing a Model of Success and Failure Factors of Pure Services in Sports Organizations in the West of the Country
zahed mohammadi mojgan khodamoradpor mozafar yektayar samira aliabadiThe purpose of this study was to design a model of success and failure factors of lean services in sports organizations in the west of the country. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) which was done with data foundation approach. The statistical pop MoreThe purpose of this study was to design a model of success and failure factors of lean services in sports organizations in the west of the country. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) which was done with data foundation approach. The statistical population consisted of professors and specialists in the field of management, sports marketing, senior managers of the General Departments of Sports and Youth, heads of sports delegations and managers of sports halls in the west of the country who were selected by purposeful method. After studying the theoretical foundations, 12 in-depth interviews were analyzed and coded simultaneously. The qualitative part was used by Maxkiyoda software version 18 and in the quantitative part by SPSS software version 25 and Amos. Findings showed that the drivers of lean service success in sports organizations consist of six factors: value chain creation, value determination, value flow identification, perfection determination, value flow process and social value and lean service drive drivers. It consists of seven factors: lack of business model, inattention to customer feedback, long start-up time, poor marketing, structural problems, management problems and lack of employee participation, and based on them, a paradigm model was designed. Sports organizations in providing lean services to their customers are faced with special factors that by improving their quality can provide the basis for lean services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
736 - Presenting a Model for the Development of Doping-Free Sport in Iran
afshin sharifi shahab bahrami hasan safikhaniThe purpose of this study was to develop a framework for presenting a model for the development of doping-free sports in Iran with a combined design approach. The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, MoreThe purpose of this study was to develop a framework for presenting a model for the development of doping-free sports in Iran with a combined design approach. The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative case study and potential participants included 17 faculty members. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. In the quantitative part, the research method was descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study included the president, vice president and secretary of sports federations, whose number was 153 according to the 51 active federations in the country. According to Morgan's table, 113 people were identified as the research sample based on the available sampling method. Ten faculty members of sports management were used to evaluate the face validity and the carcass model was used for the content validity of the questionnaire questions and the content validity was confirmed. Convergent validity, hybrid reliability and Cronbach's alpha were also confirmed. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data to evaluate the fit of the research model. The results showed that the amount of t in each factor has a significant effect and the whole framework of the doping-free sport development model in Iran was approved. Also, the results of the present study showed that the presentation of a model for the development of doping-free sports in Iran includes causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervention conditions, consequences, and strategies. Also, the results of the present study showed that the research model has a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
737 - Designing a Success Model for the Karate Federation Based on the Sports Marketing Model
amirali keshmiri homa dorodiIn order to create a policy and achieve organizational goals, sports organizations need to create a model to use and strengthen the components that affect the success of the organization, which are published from internal and external factors of the organization. The pu MoreIn order to create a policy and achieve organizational goals, sports organizations need to create a model to use and strengthen the components that affect the success of the organization, which are published from internal and external factors of the organization. The purpose of this study is to design a success model for the Karate Federation based on the budget sports marketing model. Method: For data analysis and data collection of mixed type (qualitative and quantitative) budget and using the interview method, a questionnaire is created and coding is opened. In the qualitative part to design a researcher-made questionnaire by a sports scientist and the officials of the directing federation by snowball method with a statistical population of 12 people, the sample is also selected and in a small part by athletes, coaches and employees of the federation and karate boards with a community of 120 92 people were selected by Morgan test. After conducting the interview and identifying the key factors from the experts' point of view, the researcher-made questionnaire has been made. Use was distributed among athletes, coaches and employees of the Karate Federation. Results: Marketing components 67.4%, advertising and revenue factors 62.1%, information technology 46.7%, competition results in training courses and courses 55.9%, federation management factors 75.8% and 88.5% success in federation performance change the situation. Be. Also, the federation's investment in setting up sports venues and the profitability of renting or mortgaging this, however, has the highest rate (4.74) among the variables related to the budget. Conclusion: Success in sports federation with sports trade is getting closer to economic and marketing issues day by day, and the prerequisite for development and success in sports is to create marketing fields at the level of sports organizations, which is why marketing development is suggested according to the research results. In the long-term planning of the federation, the pursuit of television broadcasting rights, continuation of international competitions, promotion of karate sports tourism, investment in the construction of gyms and sports equipment and improvement of information in the federation are done to facilitate the future success of the federation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
738 - Sociological analysis and explanation of the factors affecting the formation of public trust in sports elites
Mahsa Dara bahram ghadimi saeid aghaeiAbstractResearch finding show that in the context of social interactions and actions, trust plays an important role in the development of human talents and abilities and their relationship with others. The purpose of this study was to explain the components of increasin MoreAbstractResearch finding show that in the context of social interactions and actions, trust plays an important role in the development of human talents and abilities and their relationship with others. The purpose of this study was to explain the components of increasing the general trust of sports elites. Exploratory mixed research method and data in the field by studying the background and semi-structured interviews with 15 sports experts in the country were collected. After reaching the initial state of content design and validity questionnaire by experts in the field of social sciences and sports was confirmed. The reliability of the whole instrument was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.814). The construct validity of the questionnaire was accepted through confirmatory factor analysis and then it was provided to 242 sports elites of the country using the available sampling method. LISREL software is used to analyze the research findings and present the research model. Finally, it was found that the factors affecting the formation of public trust in sports elites include trust-based behavior with 18.881, cooperative tendencies with 17.889, frankness and honesty with 13.356 and confidence with 13.455%, explaining 63.591 percent of the total variance. Therefore, considering the biodiversity in Iran, measuring public trust and the factors affecting it among all social groups, especially sports elites, it is necessary to identify strategies to strengthen trust and plan accordingly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
739 - Designing and Testing a Model for Analyzing the Worker Sport Development System
hojat pahlvan rahim ramazaninejad mahdi naderinasabThe purpose of this study was to design and test a model for analyzing the development of workers' sport system in Iran. This research was a descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of managers, experts and trainers in the field of workers' sport. MoreThe purpose of this study was to design and test a model for analyzing the development of workers' sport system in Iran. This research was a descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of managers, experts and trainers in the field of workers' sport. The statistical sample was adequately selected to test the model in the PLS software (n=153- purposeful sampling). The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with 99 questions and 19 variables on a 5-point Likert scale. Content validity (11 experts), reliability (Cronbach's alpha), and construct validity (model fitting) were evaluated and validated. The conceptual model consisted of six levels with their subset variables: Field level (social support and environmental capacity), Structure level (trustee institutions, strategic executive capability, and division of work across sectors and sub-divisions), Ability level (innovation and diversification in worker sport, knowledge and technology system, human resource management and supply, physical resource management and financing, and financial management and management), Process level (sporting events, sporting needs assessment, sports acculturation, general sport training and sports services to workers), Performance level (workers' athletic ability, workers' athletic achievement and workers' sport participation) and the level of outcome (sustainable development of worker sport). The modeling results showed that the relationships among all the variables of the model were significant, and the model fit. Based on the model it can be said that the development of worker sport in the context of contextual factors, through structural improvement, Upgrading and deploying capabilities, Process Integration and performance effectiveness leads to sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
740 - Presenting an Electronic Marketing Model in the Production Sector of Iran's Sports Industry
mostafa fallahi mehdi kohandel seyedneamat khalilfeh Mahvash NoorbakhshThe purpose of this study is to present an electronic marketing model in the production sector of Iran's sports industry. The method of the present research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and structural equations, based on the present time, in terms of applied purp MoreThe purpose of this study is to present an electronic marketing model in the production sector of Iran's sports industry. The method of the present research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and structural equations, based on the present time, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical community in the quality sector includes experts who specialize in sports marketing and have a history of management in sports equipment manufacturing companies. Also, in a small part, including all the managers of companies producing sports equipment in Iran, according to the statistics announced through the official website of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade, there are 255 people (236 men and 19 women). Due to the limited statistical population, the statistical sample was selected by the total number method, with the difference that only 238 healthy questionnaires were returned by the managers and the final number of the statistical sample is 238 people (223 males and 15 females). The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part of the interview. The results of this interview were designed in the form of a questionnaire with 4 main factors. For construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. The results of the final model were approved in 4 factors: technology, promotion, possibility of ordering online and answering customers' questions. Therefore, it is suggested that managers in their manufacturing companies use technology to update the company and provide conditions in e-marketing to make better use of this space to better promote. Also, the field of holding training courses for employees on responding and dealing appropriately with customers should be foreseen, and in order to receive orders, hold a course to familiarize employees to receive orders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
741 - Designing a Model of Structural Equation of Learning Organization in the Ministry of Sports and Youth
kayvan arzeh mozaffar yektayar mojgan moradpoorThe purpose of this study was to design a model of structural equation of learning organization in the Ministry of Sports and youth. The present study is applied-developmental, mixed and descriptive-survey. The statistical population in the qualitative section included MoreThe purpose of this study was to design a model of structural equation of learning organization in the Ministry of Sports and youth. The present study is applied-developmental, mixed and descriptive-survey. The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts in the field of sport management who were interviewed using 14 people who purposely selected with snowball method. In the quantitative section of the statistical population, including all experts working in the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N=300), which was determined using the available method based on Morgan table, the statistical sample was determined (n=169). To analyze the qualitative data, the grounded data method and quantitative data were used using structural equation method. Findings in the qualitative part included causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors and finally strategies and consequences which were presented in the form of a conceptual model. In qualitative part, the results showed that the t value of causal conditions on the main phenomenon was 2/949, background conditions on the strategies were 2/111, intervening conditions on the strategies were 3/352, main phenomenon on the strategies was 2/048 and strategies on the consequences were 5/714, all relationships were confirmed. The results also showed that the research model has a good fit. Therefore, considering the importance of learning organization in the present era that there are extensive changes and threats, learning organization can be a strategy to deal with these conditions. So, managers of the Ministry of Sport and Youth are advised to use the framework of the present study model in order to transform the organization into a learning organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
742 - Designing Model of Outsourcing of Sports Venues in the Country Based on Grounded Theory
bahador shirincheshmeh Farshad Emami shahram shafiee mohammad sanaieThe aim of the present study was to design the model of outsourcing of the country's sports venues with the approach of Grounded theory. The research method is of qualitative type with a systematic analysis approach. Statistical population consisted of all experts (form MoreThe aim of the present study was to design the model of outsourcing of the country's sports venues with the approach of Grounded theory. The research method is of qualitative type with a systematic analysis approach. Statistical population consisted of all experts (former directors of the Physical Education Organization, directors of the National Olympic Committee and the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and professors of sports management and marketing) active in the field of sports. A statistically significant number of samples were selected based on non-probabilistic theoretical saturation of the target and snowball technique (17 individuals). Structured semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Tool validity was evaluated using optimal qualitative validation methods (content validity, Kappa coefficient (0.80). To analyze the data, a systematic approach has been used during the three stages of open, central and selective coding. Finally, 15 main categories (use of upstream documents, environmental capacities, privatization, outsourcing, management, collusion, legal, managerial and budget, regulations, support for members of sports boards, Standardization of Affairs, Management and Training, Positive and Negative Consequences) and 37 Concepts were extracted. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it can be said that in order to prevent corruption in the outsourcing of sports facilities, a coherent program can be developed according to the identified indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
743 - Identifying the Dimensions and Components of the Organizational Picture of Isfahan Sports and Youth Organization.
armita abedi ebrahim alidoust hamid ghasemiOrganizational image is an issue that has attracted the attention of many organizations. Organizations can achieve the highest levels of progress by creating a positive organizational image. The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of the orga MoreOrganizational image is an issue that has attracted the attention of many organizations. Organizations can achieve the highest levels of progress by creating a positive organizational image. The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of the organizational picture of Isfahan Sports and Youth Organization. This research was qualitative research and the type of thematic analysis. The statistical population of this study included specialists, experts and people familiar with the subject of research and sampling was available. To extract the main components of the organizational picture, a semi-structured interview was used and 10 specialists and knowledgeable people were interviewed on the research topic. Coding process was used in three stages of open, central and selective coding to analyze the data obtained from the interviews.Then, using Strauss and Corbin method, 12 components (perception of educational performance, perception of public relations performance, perception of organizational technology, perception of physical environment and organizational symbols, perception of human relations index, perception of cultural activities, perception of management, Perceptions of the organization's reputation and background, perceptions of research performance, perceptions of innovation, perceptions of the future, and financial prospects and perceptions of the work environment were identified and presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
744 - Investigating and Prioritizing the Key Indicators of Ticket Sales for Major Sporting Events in Iran
leila zakeyzade mohammadali safanejad reza nikbakhsh salahdyen naghshnandi mohsen baghryanTicket sales are one of the most effective ways to provide resources for sports clubs. Ticket sales are also one of the most lucrative industries in the country. This study was conducted to review and prioritize key indicators of ticket sales for major sporting events i MoreTicket sales are one of the most effective ways to provide resources for sports clubs. Ticket sales are also one of the most lucrative industries in the country. This study was conducted to review and prioritize key indicators of ticket sales for major sporting events in Iran. The present study is mixed.In the qualitative part, the data-based theory was used and MAXQDA software was used for content analysis. A total of 11 experts were purposefully selected to collect information. According to Mueller's rule of thumb, 370 people were considered within a confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and AMOS software, and the AHP method was used to prioritize the factors. Based on the components of the paradigm model, 8 causal factors, 4 underlying factors, 7 intervening factors, 8 strategic factors are identified and cross-sectional consequences such as revenue and profitability; And long-term, such as creating social demand and increasing the number of spectators, attracting sponsors and securing income. In causal conditions, technology factor with relative weight (0.169), in background conditions, the factor of using standard gates with relative weight (0.279), in intervention conditions, the factor of coordination with relative weight (0.177), in strategies, culture factor with weight Relative (0.161) and the outcomes, cross-sectional outcomes with relative weight (0.562) were in the priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
745 - Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Optimal Governance Structure in National Championship Sports
asghar gholami Farshad Emami saeid amirnejad jamshid sayarnejadThe aim of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the optimal governance structure in national championship sports. The research method was qualitative-quantitative mix. The statistical population in the qualitative part consists of faculty members, sports p MoreThe aim of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the optimal governance structure in national championship sports. The research method was qualitative-quantitative mix. The statistical population in the qualitative part consists of faculty members, sports policy makers and decision makers at the macro level and in the quantitative part members of the Strategic Council of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, senior staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, middle staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, , Was vice-president and secretary of sports federations. Statistical sample in the qualitative section of 15 experts to reach the theoretical saturation using theoretical targeted techniques and snowballs were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method and in the quantitative section 294 people formed the statistical sample. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured and the results of this interview were used in the form of a questionnaire with 10 main factors in the quantitative part. In this study, for content validity from the point of view of experts and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) and for prioritization, Friedman test was used. The results of Friedman test showed that cohesive structure, common structure, network structure, stable structure, democratic structure, fair structure, strategic structure, systemic structure, supportive structure and transparent structure had the highest priority. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired governance structure, it may be useful to respect job participation, delegation, and public participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
746 - Designing a Model of the Causal Relationship Between Innovation and the Performance of Sport Clubs’ Managers with the Mediating Role of Strategic Control
soghra bashiriniya mahvash noorbakhsh parivash nourbakhshThe role of managers in innovation and moving towards an innovative organization is very vital and can lead to improved performance. Strategic control can also become more effective and influential by creating creativity, innovation and imagination. The purpose of this MoreThe role of managers in innovation and moving towards an innovative organization is very vital and can lead to improved performance. Strategic control can also become more effective and influential by creating creativity, innovation and imagination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mediation in strategic control in relation to innovation and performance of sport clubs’ managers in Ilam province. The research method is quantitative- correlation and in terms of aim was applicable. Statistic population consisted of 563(410 male, 153 female) which 400 people were selected as sample population by stratified sampling. In order to collect data, three questionnaires were used: Performance Questionnaire of Hersi and Goldsmith (2003), Harrison Strategic Control (2010) and a researcher-made innovation questionnaire. The reliability of the research instruments using Cranach’s alpha method for managers' innovation questionnaire was 0/92, strategic control questionnaire was 0/88 and the performance questionnaire was 0/85. Validity of the questionnaire was carried out through exploratory and confirmatory analysis. For data analysis, factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used. All tests were performed using SPSS and Smart Pls software. The research findings showed that strategic control in terms of innovation and performance of sports club managers plays a mediation. Accordingly, sports club managers should pay special attention to the strategic variables of the organization, such as strategic control, to improve the performance of the club. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
747 - Presenting a Model for Developing Boundary‐Spanning in Iranian Sport Federations
Mojtaba aziziyan shahab bahrami salahedin naghshbandi mohammad galilvandThe aim of this study was to present a model for developing boundary-spanning in Iranian sport federations. The present study is mixed method and is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the qu MoreThe aim of this study was to present a model for developing boundary-spanning in Iranian sport federations. The present study is mixed method and is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the study consisted of the elites and experts in the field of management who were aware of the subject of the research. The research instrument consisted of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Coding according to the Strauss and Corbin paradigm model was used to evaluate the qualitative data and the structural equation method was used in the quantitative part. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 20 and Smart PLS 2 software. The results of the present study showed that Boundary‐Spanning development model in Iranian sport federations includes causal conditions, field conditions, intervention conditions, consequences, strategies. The results of the present study also showed that the research model has a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
748 - The Relationship between Neural Marketing and Instant Buying Behavior of Sports Brand Buyers
mahdi davari Bagher Morsal ali fahiminejad seydmostafa tayebiNeural marketing analyzes data obtained from the minds of customers that lead to the recognition and discovery of the unknown and make immediate purchases; Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between neural marketing and instant purchasin MoreNeural marketing analyzes data obtained from the minds of customers that lead to the recognition and discovery of the unknown and make immediate purchases; Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between neural marketing and instant purchasing behavior of sports brand buyers. The statistical population of this study is all the buyers of sports brand stores in the holy city of Mashhad, whose number was unknown. Using two-stage cluster sampling method, 20 large stores in Mashhad were randomly selected and 400 questionnaires were distributed among buyers. In this study, two questionnaires of neural marketing Iser et al. (2011) and immediate buying behavior (2016) were used. Findings showed that neural marketing and all its dimensions have a significant relationship with the immediate purchasing behavior of sports brand buyers (t = 7.94 and r = 0.82). The importance of neural marketing is special and can show decisions on the minds of customers; Neural marketing, therefore, is a new approach in which the brains of customers are precisely examined to determine its function and to simulate how behaviors are formed. Therefore, companies that produce and distribute sports brands, in order to make more profit, should make the use of neural marketing the top priority of their advertising and marketing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
749 - The Effect of Risk Management on the Anxiety of Sports Injuries with the Mediating Role of Swimmers' Safety Behavior
rozita nourbakhsh Mahvash Noorbakhsh parivash nourbakhshThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of risk management on the anxiety of sports injuries with the mediating role of swimmers' safety behavior. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational research. The statistical popula MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of risk management on the anxiety of sports injuries with the mediating role of swimmers' safety behavior. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population included all swimmers in Alborz province in the age category of youth, hope and adults. Due to the uncertainty of the number of swimmers to select a statistical sample from Alborz province, it was geographically divided into 5 parts: north, south, west, east and center. Finally, 200 swimmers formed a statistical sample using the accessible method. Aaron (2004) Risk Management Questionnaire, Martinez-Korkols et al. (2011) Safety Behavior Questionnaire, Smith et al.'s (2006) Sports Injury Anxiety Scale were used to measure research variables. SPSS software version 23 and PLS version 2 software were used to evaluate the hybrid reliability, Cronbach's alpha, divergent and convergent validity and structural equation modeling. The results showed that risk management and safety behavior have a negative effect on anxiety in sports injuries of swimmers in Alborz province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
750 - Designing a Role Model for Social Networks in Sport Tourism
aminreza chenari reza shahbazi hamed karimi ebrahim alidoustThe purpose of this study was to design a model for the role of social networks in sports tourism. The method of the present study was descriptive-survey, and it was applied research which was conducted as fieldwork. The statistical population of the research was manage MoreThe purpose of this study was to design a model for the role of social networks in sports tourism. The method of the present study was descriptive-survey, and it was applied research which was conducted as fieldwork. The statistical population of the research was managers and specialists of sports, tourism, cultural heritage, and sports media. The sampling method was selected from the available options, and 384 questionnaires were analyzed. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 12 professors of sports management, tourism, and media. Convergent and divergent validity and composite reliability were also tested and confirmed by PLS software. Descriptive statistics methods, including frequency and percentage, and structural equation tests were performed by SPSS software version 25 and PLS version 3 to analyze the data. The results showed that social networks have a positive role in developing the dimensions of sports tourism; The results showed that social networks have a positive role in developing the dimensions of sports tourism; therefore, the use of social networks can play a positive role in the mental image of sports tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
751 - Construction and Validation of E-Readiness Questionnaire in Sports and Youth Departments: A case study of East Azarbaijan province
abbas mostafazadeh parivash nourbakhsh mehdi kohandelThe purpose of this study was to construct and validate the e-readiness questionnaire in sports and youth departments in East – Azerbaijan. To achieve this goal, scientific documents and various articles of 15 experts and university professors in the field of e-re MoreThe purpose of this study was to construct and validate the e-readiness questionnaire in sports and youth departments in East – Azerbaijan. To achieve this goal, scientific documents and various articles of 15 experts and university professors in the field of e-readiness of questionnaire were reviewed and 65 items were obtained. Then by reconsidering the opinion of experienced professors the questionnaire was reduced to 58 items. After exammining the qualitative stages, the questionnaire was administered among 162 employees of sports and youth departments of East –Azerbaijan. After going through qualitative and quantitative stages, the final questionnaire was designed with 53 items and seven factors. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on e-readiness questionnaire and fitting model, regarding square root error variance of 0.068, was obtained which was an indication of suitability of fitness model. The reliability of the questionnaire on the basis of Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient of 0.86 was obtained which indicated that the reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable. According to the result of the research, factors of e-readiness on the basis of their significance are as following: management, human forces, politics, technology, organization, e-business environment readiness, environment. The designed questionnaire in this study can be a suitable tool for evaluating the e-readiness in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
752 - The Relationship between Political Behavior and Rational Approach of Decision-makers on the Organizational Effectiveness of the Employees of the Ministry of Sport and Youth of Iran
khalil abdollahi Nazanin Rasekh mahdi ghasemiThe purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between political behavior and decision-makers' rational approach on the organizational effectiveness of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The statistical population of this study included all MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between political behavior and decision-makers' rational approach on the organizational effectiveness of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The statistical population of this study included all the official staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, with a total of 430 people. The statistical sample was 203 persons based on Krejcie and Morgan tables and a random sampling method was used. the data collection tool was a questionnaire designed by Religion and Sharfman to measure the attitude of political behaviors or rational approach in decision making process and Hamid's organizational effectiveness questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaires was verified by the professors and the reliability of the Cronbach's alpha was calculated for each of them was equal to the questionnaire for measuring the attitude of political behaviors or rational approach in decision-making (0.81) and organizational effectiveness questionnaire (0.78 ). The results showed that making decisions based on the rational process increases the effectiveness of the organization in comparison with the decision-making process of political behavior. When officials and experts are seeking information for important decisions and are trying to collect information about a problem or problem or opportunity and then make decisions, they are definitely on the way to achieving the organization's goals and the effectiveness of decisions. There will be significant improvements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
753 - Sports diplomacy, a strategy to improve political relations with Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Bidgoli asghar rajabi dehborzoei Abdullah IraqiThe relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia have faced many challenges in the last few decades. The use of sports and sports diplomacy has recorded a documented experience in the history of world sports diplomacy. Based on this, the current resea MoreThe relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia have faced many challenges in the last few decades. The use of sports and sports diplomacy has recorded a documented experience in the history of world sports diplomacy. Based on this, the current research seeks to answer the question of how sports diplomacy can be a suitable strategy for improving political relations with Saudi Arabia. The findings of the research, taking into account Alexander Van Moyd's point of view, are the predominance of Kantian's point of view or friendship over Lackey's point of view or competition based on sports diplomacy. In this article, according to the strategic requirements and regional considerations of Tehran and Riyadh, which want to normalize relations and end several years of hostility and competition, we use a descriptive-analytical method, relying on written library sources and internet articles on sports diplomacy. We have used it as a suitable strategy to improve political relations with Saudi Arabia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
754 - Diplomatic Development of Qatar; from Conservative Neutrality to Smart Penetration
Behnam SarkheyilIn coordination with new phenomena and changes, dipiomaey also has involved changes and the international actors, in regard to adopting themselves with future conditions, use the novel perspectives of diplomacy to creat opportunities and change them to useful situations MoreIn coordination with new phenomena and changes, dipiomaey also has involved changes and the international actors, in regard to adopting themselves with future conditions, use the novel perspectives of diplomacy to creat opportunities and change them to useful situations. From this view, as much as the concept of diplomacy and its related subsystems are to be more comprehensive, the foreign policy of governments will be more effective. Thus, studying, recognizing and explaining diplomatic movements of other active actors such as Qatar governemet (which inspite of having no some relative components of power such as population and land extent) is one of the important methods to realize the international interactions. The main question of present article is studying the behavioristic obligations, novel diplomatic ways and necessaties of Qatare government and which diplomatic approach has been considered by Duha to act as effectively as possible. The hypothesis of this research is the effective use of new diplomatic domains such as economic, educational, mass media and mediative diplomacy, additionally, programs like importing external capital, facilitating business, developing tourism, getting access to modern science and technology, international imagery by Qatar govenement. The research method is of a descriptive- analytic and qualitative type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
755 - Investigating the country's sports management strategies in Iran
Abbas ShabaniStrategic planning is a way of planning that concerns internal and external factors via SWOT analysis. The main goal of this Investigating the country's sports management strategies in Iran. The population of this study comprises the managers, vice-presidents, top an MoreStrategic planning is a way of planning that concerns internal and external factors via SWOT analysis. The main goal of this Investigating the country's sports management strategies in Iran. The population of this study comprises the managers, vice-presidents, top and middle as well as operational managers of physical education organization in Iran. The data have been collected by a questionnaire that its reliability and validity were determined by a pilot study (Chronbach Alpha = 0/92) and expert panel, respectively. In order to analyze the collected data, the researchers have employed descriptive statistics such as Kolmegrov-smirnov and T student test. The obtained results revealed that taking experts’ comments into consideration and using them in sport organization may highlight sport management. The condition of women in management level, sport marketing, and position-based planning were categorized as weak points. According to the results, a comprehensive planning for sport, information and communication technology development, privatization, doing research in sport management and having young population were the most prominent opportunities for sport management. To enclose, government involvement in managing sport, engaging lots of policy makers in sport and also the dependence of club managers on governmental parties have been categorized as threats of sport management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
756 - A comparative study of the nature of sports contracts in Iranian and English law
Abdullah Dolah Mehdi Firoozabadian Gholamreza YazdaniThe present research is an attempt to explain the point of view of the legal system of Iran and England regarding a complete and comprehensive review of the nature of sports contracts, which we have addressed in a descriptive and analytical method, and we are trying to MoreThe present research is an attempt to explain the point of view of the legal system of Iran and England regarding a complete and comprehensive review of the nature of sports contracts, which we have addressed in a descriptive and analytical method, and we are trying to answer the question that the nature of sports contracts in Iran and England What is? Pay attention to the fact that by examining the elements of the sports contract and comparing it with other similar contracts, the legal nature of the sports contract can be determined. It seems that in a general summary, the legal nature of sports contracts in Iranian law is one of private contracts, and it is a lease contract for individuals, and by determining this nature, the challenges that existed in similar contracts will not arise in this case; because the private contract has a broad meaning and includes all the matters discussed in the sports contract; Also, although it has limitations, it does not have a negative effect on the sports contract; Rather, it causes its consistency; But in English law, the legal nature of sports contracts is subject to the rules and regulations of the labor law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
757 - Design and Validation of a Sustainable Development Model for Sports Purposes Based on Tourist Behavior
negar matinnia ابوالفضل فراهانی mohsen bagrian farah abadi Ali-Mohammad SafaniaObjective: The aim of this research was to design and validate a sustainable development model for sports purposes based on tourist behavior. Method: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative study uti MoreObjective: The aim of this research was to design and validate a sustainable development model for sports purposes based on tourist behavior. Method: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative study utilized grounded theory as the theoretical framework, while the quantitative study employed a descriptive-survey method. The qualitative sample consisted of stakeholders who were selected using snowball sampling technique, and 17 participants were chosen based on theoretical saturation. The quantitative sample included employees of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism, employees of travel and tourism companies, sports tour organizers, and guides, with a sample size of 270 individuals selected through simple random sampling. Interviews were used as the qualitative research tool, while a questionnaire was utilized for the quantitative research. To assess the quality and validity of the qualitative findings, the evaluation criteria of Lincoln and Guba (1985), including credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability, was employed. In the quantitative section, content validity, construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha were used. Findings: Based on the research findings, the behavioral correspondences of sports tourists with the goal of sustainable development for sports purposes were categorized into nine sub-dimensions and three main dimensions (core behaviors) under the titles of environmental behaviors, socio-cultural behaviors, and economic behaviors. All defining structures of these factors were confirmed and identified through factor analysis, indicating that the theoretical model possesses the necessary validity. Results: As observed, the behavioral objectives of sports tourists based on sustainable development for sports purposes emphasize the creation of balance in tourism development through environmental behaviors, socio-cultural behaviors, and economic behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
758 - Obstacles affecting students' participation in sports activities, meta-composite and meta-analysis approach
fahimeh rivandi مهوش نوربخش مهدی کهندل پریوش نوربخشThere is a large amount of studies about students' participation in sports activities, the results of which are somewhat ambiguous and ambiguous, therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of meta-synthesis and meta-analysis of the barriers affecting stu MoreThere is a large amount of studies about students' participation in sports activities, the results of which are somewhat ambiguous and ambiguous, therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of meta-synthesis and meta-analysis of the barriers affecting students' participation in sports activities. The method of this research is a systematic review with the aim of combining quantitative and qualitative research. The statistical population of this research is the qualitative and quantitative studies that are available within the country between 1385 and 1400, which were examined based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the meta-combination of 12 studies and in the meta-analysis of 22 studies. In the meta-combination section, thematic synthesis method was used to analyze the results of primary research. The findings of the meta-composite section showed that there are three general environmental barriers in the explanation of barriers affecting students' participation in sports, namely public environment barriers, operational environment barriers, and internal environment barriers. Students participate in sports activities. In the meta-analysis, the results of the combined effect size for both the random effects model and the fixed effects model were equal to 0.35. The effective barriers of parents' attitude towards girls' sports are among the most important variables and in most cases the findings of past researches were confirmed and in some cases they were violated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
759 - Sociological analysis of social status discrimination of women's sports
mohammad javad rahbari baris حسن قاسمعلی پور Bahram Ghadimi tayebeh zargarThe purpose of this research is to analyze the sociological discrimination of the social status of women's sports. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory. The research strategy in this study was the Glazer Method Foundation data analysis. The statist MoreThe purpose of this research is to analyze the sociological discrimination of the social status of women's sports. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory. The research strategy in this study was the Glazer Method Foundation data analysis. The statistical population included specialists and experts such as professors in the field of sociology, sports sociology, women's sports officials in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The sampling method was used as non-probability sampling, with targeted selection and with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size in this research was equal to 16 people based on the theoretical saturation index. The measurement tool was an open interview and was analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding by analyzing the text of the interviews and after conceptualization in the open coding stage, 60 primary concepts (first level) and 13 secondary themes (level 2) and 4 main themes of unequal gender opportunities, gender justice infrastructures, unfamiliar gender norms and social barriers based on gender (third level) were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
760 - The effect of plyometric training plus arginine supplementation on injury prevention related to physical fitness level of beach soccer players
Azadeh Doroodgar Pedram Esmaeilian DehaghaniBackground: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of plyometric exercises with arginine supplementation on some physical fitness factors of beach soccer players for the purpose of injury prevention. Method: Based on the research entry c MoreBackground: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of plyometric exercises with arginine supplementation on some physical fitness factors of beach soccer players for the purpose of injury prevention. Method: Based on the research entry criteria, 20 beach soccer players were selected and were randomly assigned to two groups of plyometric exercises (n=10) and plyometrics with arginine supplement (n=10). Then, age, height, weight, and physical fitness factors including aerobic and anaerobic capacity, muscle strength and endurance, and fat percentage of subjects were evaluated. The first training group received plyometric exercises with arginine supplement. In the second group, plyometric exercises were applied along with placebo. After 8 weeks of training, physical fitness factors were re-evaluated. The correlated T test was used to determine the intra-group changes and the ANCOVA test was used to compare between the groups. The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The findings showed that both plyometric training programs with and without arginine supplementation had a significant effect on improving aerobic power (P=0.002, P=0.001), anaerobic power (P≥0.01), muscle strength. (P=0.001), muscle endurance (P=0.004) and fat percentage (P=0.001). Also, the results of comparing the effects of two training programs show that there is a significant difference between the two training programs in the variables of aerobic power (P=0.01), anaerobic power (P≥0.05) and fat percentage (P=0.02). Conclusions: According to the results and previous studies, using two types of plyometric exercises, with and without using Arginine supplementation especially with arginine supplementation could be useful to prevent sports related injuries specially ankle and knee sprains and groin strain which are prevalent among soccer players of all types specially beach soccer players. It is explained by different mechanisms including affecting aerobic and anaerobic powers, muscle strength and endurance, and body fat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
761 - Analysis of neuromarketing and its effect on the activity of brain waves of sports goods customers
Abas Nghizadeh Baghi فرزاد نوبخت نسرین عزیزیان کهن Akbar مهدوی Alireza EsfandiyariThe present study reviews the analysis of neuromarketing and its effect on the brainwave activity of sports goods customers. The research method of this article is done in the form of a review. Information gathering tools include the use of studies (searching documents MoreThe present study reviews the analysis of neuromarketing and its effect on the brainwave activity of sports goods customers. The research method of this article is done in the form of a review. Information gathering tools include the use of studies (searching documents and articles). To search for articles in Persian and Latin, articles from 2014 to 2024 were used, which were collected by searching Scopus, Sid, Jcr, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. Also, the keywords of neuromarketing, brain activities in sports marketing, and sporting goods customers were used to extract articles. 52 articles were obtained from keyword search and after considering the entry and exit criteria, 23 article titles were obtained. The findings of the research showed that neuromarketing leads to an increase in the activity of the brain waves of customers, as well as helps to promote the brand and create a deeper relationship with customers. Therefore, it can be concluded that neuromarketing analysis in the sporting goods industry not only helps to improve the customer experience, but can also help to improve their brain activities and ultimately help the growth and development of this industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
762 - Comparison of social barriers to participation in sports activities of male and female secondary school students in district 2 of Karaj
Akbar Mahdavi Abas Nghizadeh Baghi مهرداد محرم زادهObjective: Adolescence is one of the most important stages of human life, teenagers are a dynamic force of society and this active population cannot be ignored, knowing the personality traits of teenagers can help a lot in planning for their future. The aim of the resea MoreObjective: Adolescence is one of the most important stages of human life, teenagers are a dynamic force of society and this active population cannot be ignored, knowing the personality traits of teenagers can help a lot in planning for their future. The aim of the research was to compare the social barriers to participation in sports activities of second high school girls and boys in District 2 of Karaj. Methods: The descriptive research method was a survey conducted in the field. The statistical population available in the current research were the second-grade female and male students of the 2nd education district of Karaj, according to the statistics and information center of that department, in the academic year 1402-1403, there were 7410 female students and 6674 male students. A cluster of 373 people was determined using Morgan's table, and after collecting the questionnaires and removing incomplete and outliers, the data of 334 questionnaires were analyzed. The tool for collecting the questionnaire of social barriers to participation in sports activities (Ahmadi, 2018) was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by expert professors of sports management and psychology, and the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was reported as 0.88. The method of data analysis was using descriptive statistics (including mean, median, mean, etc.), and in the inferential statistics section, independent t-test was used, and Friedman's method was used to rank social barriers. Results: The findings of the research showed that there is no significant difference between the social barriers to participation in sports activities of male and female students in district 2 of Karaj. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that the education and training of District 2 of Karaj can contribute to the participation of all male and female students by creating spaces and sports halls or by signing contracts with sports venues and allocating suitable times and encouraging students to do sports activities. It was in sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
763 - The Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Impact of Social and Intellectual Capital on the Effectiveness of Iranian Sport Organizations
Tayebeh ZargarObjective: The aim of the present study was to identify mediating role of social responsibility in the impact of social and intellectual capital on the effectiveness of Iranian sports organizations. Methods: This research is based on the purpose of applied research and MoreObjective: The aim of the present study was to identify mediating role of social responsibility in the impact of social and intellectual capital on the effectiveness of Iranian sports organizations. Methods: This research is based on the purpose of applied research and in terms of data collection method, it is a descriptive-strategic research of correlational analysis. The sample size was randomly selected based on Morgan's table of 368 peopleTaking into account 356 healthy questionnaires. The study used a questionnaire from the Nahapat and Goshal Social Capital Questionnaire (1998), the Buntis Intellectual Capital Questionnaire (1998), the Heso Organizational Effectiveness Questionnaire (2002), and the corporate social responsibility carroll Questionnaire (2001). The formal and content validity and reliability were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. Also, in this study, in order to analyze statistical tests, the SPSS software version 25 and the LISREL software were used with 95% confidence and with an error level of 0.05. Results: It was found that the coefficient of effect of social capital on organizational effectiveness is equal to (2.65 and t = 2.73), so social capital has a negative and significant effect on organizational effectiveness (t = 2.73, p> 0.05). And the coefficient of the effect of intellectual capital on corporate social responsibility is equal (t = 0.73 and t = 12.53) which is significant at the level of p <0.05 and as a result it can be said that intellectual capital has a positive and significant effect on corporate social responsibility (t =7.63, p> 0.05). The coefficient of effect of corporate social responsibility on organizational effectiveness is equal to (t = 0.41 and t = 24.24) which has a significant positive and significant effect on organizational effectiveness at p <0.05 and corporate social responsibility (t = 11.84, p > 0.05). In the following, regression equations are examined structurally Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
764 - The Critical Role of Nutrition in Acceleration of the Rehabilitation Process in Athletes
DANIEL TARMASTSports-related injuries have profound implications for athletes, encompassing their physical and mental health, a fact that must be acknowledged in light of the incidence of such incidents. In addition, organizations and sports federations bear significant financial bur MoreSports-related injuries have profound implications for athletes, encompassing their physical and mental health, a fact that must be acknowledged in light of the incidence of such incidents. In addition, organizations and sports federations bear significant financial burdens due to these injuries. The aforementioned expenditures comprise a wide range of medical interventions, including treatment, surgery, and the lengthy periods of rehabilitation that follow. A meticulously planned and precise nutritional plan implemented during the rehabilitation phase can substantially reduce costs by promoting speedy recovery and mitigating the likelihood of re-injuries. Protein is essential for tissue repair and preventing muscle degeneration during rehabilitation. A daily protein intake of 1.2 to 2 grams per kilogram of body weight is strongly advised, with leucine being particularly crucial. Due to their status as the primary energy source, carbohydrates play a crucial role in facilitating the process of recovery. It is advised that approximately 3 to 5 grams per kilogram of body weight, or 55% of caloric intake, comprise complex carbohydrates. It is crucial to emphasize that lipids should constitute approximately 20 to 25% of one's daily caloric intake. This equates to 0.8 to 2 grams of fat per kilogram of body weight per day. Empirical evidence supports the notion that integrating nourishing components into one's dietary plan, such as fish, avocado, and olive oil, is advantageous. It has been discovered that these nutrients reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair effectively. Coaches, athletes, and sports administrators can develop and implement effective nutrition programs by collaborating with sports nutrition specialists. This collaborative effort mitigates the financial strain of sports injuries while concurrently expediting the recuperation process. A balanced and concentrated dietary plan, comprising adequate quantities of protein, complex carbohydrates, and nourishing fats, is the foundation for athletes to reestablish their highest performance levels rapidly. Additionally, this dietary plan contributes to reducing recovery periods and relevant costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
765 - The Relationship between Organizational Climate and Self-esteem among Staff of Sports and Youth Departments of Tehran Province
Abbas shabani alireza sohrabiyan moghadamThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and self-esteem among employees of sport and youth departments of Tehran province. The present research is a descriptive-correlative study and is applicable to the target. The p MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and self-esteem among employees of sport and youth departments of Tehran province. The present research is a descriptive-correlative study and is applicable to the target. The population of this study included all male and female experts working in Tehran province's sport and youth department, which according to the number of communities and based on Morgan sample size table, 123 individuals were selected as a simple random sample. The data gathering tool was a personal information questionnaire, a standard organizational climate questionnaire (SUSMAN & DEP) (1989) and Cooper Smith Self-esteem Questionnaire (1967). The content validity of the questionnaire was approved by the experts and the reliability coefficients of the questionnaires were 0.83 and 0.79, respectively, in the Cronbach's alpha method, respectively. Descriptive statistics as well as Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the organizational climate of employees of Tehran Sports and Youth Department and their self-esteem. The results of regression test in this study confirmed the linear relationship between variables. Also, in this research, there is a direct and significant correlation between all five components of organizational climate including goal, role, procedure, communication and reward with self-esteem. Finally, there was no significant difference between the level of self-esteem and the organizational climate of women and men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
766 - Quality and pathology of youth (12-17 years old) Leisurs in Lorestan province
Hossin MehrdadAbstract The current stdy deal with the quality and pathology of leisures of youths between 12 to 17 years old of Lorestan province. In so doing 620 youths (Who determined by using of Takman table, among with 360000 statistical population) and 150 youths problem MoreAbstract The current stdy deal with the quality and pathology of leisures of youths between 12 to 17 years old of Lorestan province. In so doing 620 youths (Who determined by using of Takman table, among with 360000 statistical population) and 150 youths problem experts (as whole) were selected by cluster sampling method and were given questionnaires. The result of study showed that: First, youths pass their leisures in cultural, recreation, free study, religious, skilled, desireable and undesieable roving, and sport activaties, second the major pathology of leisures are organizational-structural, cultural, insufficient public participating, economic position, weakness in giving information and shortage of motivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
767 - Study of Social Responsibility and Professional Ethics in Sports Organizations of Iran
Abbas ShabaniToday one of the most important key factors for the success of organizations is attention to professional ethics and social responsibility as a competitive advantage in society. The purpose of this study is to study social responsibility and professional ethics in sport MoreToday one of the most important key factors for the success of organizations is attention to professional ethics and social responsibility as a competitive advantage in society. The purpose of this study is to study social responsibility and professional ethics in sport organizations of the country. The method of this research is descriptive-survey and in terms of applied objective. Data were collected in a cross-sectional study in 1396. The statistical population of this study included operational and staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, heads of federations and the National Olympic Committee, which comprised about 153 people. Sampling of this study was done in total and sample of society. In order to collect information, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed with 54 questions and 5-point Likert spectrum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
768 - The role of sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city of Isfahan physical education administrators and experts
Bahram Salehniya Zahra Keyvani Sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city in the presence of facilities involvedAnd according to different potentials can cause the development of regions and other social benefits, provide environmental The objective of this More Sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city in the presence of facilities involvedAnd according to different potentials can cause the development of regions and other social benefits, provide environmental The objective of this study was to investigate the role of sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city of administrators and physical education experts of Isfahan. The population of this study consisted of 200 managers and experts in physical education and tourism travel agency established in Isfahan According to the Department of Tourism and Physical Education in 1389 and a sample of 132 was set by tables and Morgan Grjsy The tool measuring variables questionnaire was designed, validated Kendall coefficient was 89%.The research method was descriptive and survey data for this study was descriptive and inferential statistics Manoa research methods using multivariate analysis of variance, t-test, t Hotelling, t-test was used.The results showed that sport tourism in social development with a mean (40/4 and 42/3) and t-test (47/20) and environmentally-friendly development with a mean (78/3 and 78/2) and t-test (06 / 7) role and was involved at the level of 5% over the average level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
769 - Strategic Analysis of Entrepreneurship-based employment system of Graduates Sport Sciences in Azad University and provide appropriate strategies
Bahram Salehniya Ali Mohammad Safaniya Mihammad Reza Boroumand Reza NikbakhshThe aim of this research was Strategic Analysis the Entrepreneurship-based employment system of Graduates Sport Sciences in Azad University and provide appropriate strategies. The research method was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population consisted of expert MoreThe aim of this research was Strategic Analysis the Entrepreneurship-based employment system of Graduates Sport Sciences in Azad University and provide appropriate strategies. The research method was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population consisted of experts and knowledgeable about the employment of sport science graduates of Azad University. The statistical population consisted of professors, managers and experts in the field of education and employment of Azad University graduates of sport sciences. The sample of the study was 46 people. Research tools included library study, interview, questionnaire and Delphi. Content validity of the instruments was evaluated by experts and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha method. Swat method was used to analyze the findings. The 61 strategic components identified included strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. These components were categorized into six perspectives - structural and managerial, support and services, educational and scientific, information and communication, industry and market and individual and behavioral. Most components were related to educational and scientific perspectives (15 components) and threats (17 components). The evaluation matrix showed that the strategic position was in the area of stability (close to growth). This identification situation indicates that despite the various problems, the entrepreneurship system based on entrepreneurship of Azad University graduates requires relative stability and growth path. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
770 - the relationship between participation in sports with the desire for violence in the workplace in teachers
Fatemeh Parvizi omran BAhram Saleh niyaThis research has been undertaken to examine the relationship between participation in sports with the desire for violence in the workplace in teachers. The purpose of this study is applied to applied research. Due to the fact that in this research, library study method MoreThis research has been undertaken to examine the relationship between participation in sports with the desire for violence in the workplace in teachers. The purpose of this study is applied to applied research. Due to the fact that in this research, library study method and field method such as questionnaire, it can be stated that the present study is based on the nature and method of a descriptive-survey study Is. The statistical population of this research is all teachers of sport (men and women) in Amol city.Because the statistical community is low, we will select a statistical sample of 169 people. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire of sports participation and a questionnaire on violence in the workplace, measured by Likert scale 5. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated in this study in a preliminary study with the distribution of 15 questionnaires of sports participation 0.89 and violence 0.87 in the work environment.The results of the research showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between participation in sport with desire for violence in the work environment in the teachers of Amol sport, because the observed significant level (sig = 0.0001) of predicted error value (01 / 0) is smaller.The results also showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between participation in sport with components of the desire for violence in the workplace (physical violence, psychological violence, and reactionary violence). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
771 - Development and Validation of Sport Aggression Styles Inventory: An instrument based on Millon’s personality theory
S. Mohammadreza Alavizadeh Naser Qara Maleki Shahram Mami Jahansha Mohammadzadeh Vahid Ahmadi Somaye EntezariIntroduction: Anger is a basic emotion that it is known as popular phenomenon. Aggression is any verbal or physical behavior that proceed from anger and it has intentional or unintentional destructive dimension. These behavior can express to self or another object activ MoreIntroduction: Anger is a basic emotion that it is known as popular phenomenon. Aggression is any verbal or physical behavior that proceed from anger and it has intentional or unintentional destructive dimension. These behavior can express to self or another object actively or passively. The aim of present study was development and validation of Sport Aggression Style Inventory (SASI). This instrument have developed based on Millon personality theory. Method: The sample include 99 participants that they randomly selected from 284 athletes which they selected in snowball sampling method, and they completed Sport Aggression Style Inventory (SASI) twice in two week. Data were analyzed in SPSS, AMOS and Smart-PLS environments. Findings: The results of this study illustrate, the inventory has good internal consistency according to Cronbach's alpha for subscale as sadistic aggression style (external-active, ά=0.62), passive aggression style (external-passive, ά=0.84), masochistic aggression style (internal-active, ά=0.84), somatic aggression style (internal-passive, ά=0.82), and total score (ά=0.72); and good test-retest reliability in the SASI's subscales in a 2-week period (0.70-0.81). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported four factors model of SASI; and finally the results indicate that the SASI has acceptable convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability. Conclusion: According to the present findings, The SASI has acceptable validity and reliability. Implications for research and clinical applications of the SASI in an Iranian athletic population is discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
772 - Normativeization human resources electronic management questionnaire in sport organizations
Rohollah Arab Mokhtari esmael sharifian Kourosh Ghahraman Tabrizi Mohsen Manochehri NezhadThe purpose of the present study was to assess the normativeization of the E-HRM scale and to investigate its psychometric properties. As part of a descriptive study, the Persian version of the eHRM scale was administered to 269 employees of the General Directorate of S MoreThe purpose of the present study was to assess the normativeization of the E-HRM scale and to investigate its psychometric properties. As part of a descriptive study, the Persian version of the eHRM scale was administered to 269 employees of the General Directorate of Sport and Youth after the double-translation method. The reliability of the Persian version of the Human Resources E-Management Scale was assessed by means of internal consistency, retesting, and correlation between sets of items. Also, the scale factor structure was evaluated by multidisciplinary correlational, content validity, divergent, convergent, and criterion through multidisciplinary, confirmatory, and validity factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.899- 0.962, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of total scale of 0.965, test-retest coefficients ranging from 0.888- 0.998, and item-rest correlations ranging from 0.383-0.905, Content validity, divergence, convergence, and criterion indicated good scale validity. On the whole, it can be said that the Persian version of the E-HRM scale has good psychometric properties and is a valid tool for use in research situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
773 - Modeling social responsibility, mastery and organizational adaptability in the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Sistan and Baluchestan Province
Rohollah Arab Mokhtari rezvan dadkhahThe purpose of this study is to develop a communication model of social responsibility, mastery and adaptability in the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The research method is descriptive-analytical which has been done in the f MoreThe purpose of this study is to develop a communication model of social responsibility, mastery and adaptability in the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The research method is descriptive-analytical which has been done in the field. The study population was 100 employees of the Sports and Youth Department of Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The sample size was selected as the total number. The instruments used in the research included the standard questionnaire of social responsibility of CSR employees (1991), and the standard questionnaire of organizational mastery of Pour Abedi (2013). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 15 experts and their reliability was calculated in a preliminary test with 30 subjects and with Cronbach's alpha for the Responsibility Questionnaire (0.80) and Mastery (0.79). Inferential statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient test and simple linear regression were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 22. The results showed that social responsibility has a significant relationship with organizational dominance. Paying attention to social responsibility in the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Sistan and Baluchestan Province requires a special look at the other two variables of research (mastery and organizational adaptability capacity) that by holding working groups and symposiums can be seen from the opinions and potentials of employees. He used the external variable to deal with the variable, and by doing so, he developed the sport of Sistan and Baluchestan province and made good use of the opportunities available in the competitive environment of sport.Keywords: social responsibility, mastery, adaptability capacity of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
774 - Psychometric properties of Persian version of Self-Presentation Motives in Physical Activity Questionnaire (SMPAQ)
Behrooz Akbarzadeh Naser Sobhi Gharamaleki Saeid Ahar mozhgan fallahThe purpose of this study was to determine the factor validity and validity of the Persian version of Self-Presentation Motives in Physical Activity Questionnaire (SMPAQ) in athletes with different fields. This scale contains 16 questions and 4 supporting, factor-satisf MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the factor validity and validity of the Persian version of Self-Presentation Motives in Physical Activity Questionnaire (SMPAQ) in athletes with different fields. This scale contains 16 questions and 4 supporting, factor-satisfactory, satisfactory-general, and public support sub-scales. The research population was all athletes in Tehran. 261 questionnaires were completed by athletes aged 13 to 19 (106 boys and 155 girls) who were active in different fields. To assess the validity of the structure of the log, a confirmatory factor analysis was used to fit the model of measurement. The reliability of the log was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos software. The results showed that the Self-Presentation Motives in Physical Activity Questionnaire (SMPAQ) Can be used to measure various types of self-promotion motives in the field of exercise and physical activity, with the appropriate validity and reliability used by researchers, trainers and sports teachers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
775 - Identify indicators and components affecting the adoption of open innovation policy in selected sports federations
Saeed Moghadambagha Mojgan Khodamoradpour Mozaffar Yektayar Adel SalavatiThe aim of this study was to identify the indicators and components affecting the adoption of open innovation policy in selected sports federations. Participants in the present study were all university experts, faculty members, experts, secretaries and presidents of fe MoreThe aim of this study was to identify the indicators and components affecting the adoption of open innovation policy in selected sports federations. Participants in the present study were all university experts, faculty members, experts, secretaries and presidents of federations. Sampling was done by purposive and theoretical methods. Theoretical saturation of the samples was obtained after interviewing 14 people. The number of samples was not determined before the research was conducted and the sampling process continued until some kind of information saturation was obtained; this means that no new information was extracted from the data during the interview. The tools of the present study were semi-structured interviews. The intra-subject agreement method was used to confirm the reliability. Three coding steps were used to analyze the data. Using open coding, model categories were identified; then, in the axial coding stage, the link between these categories was determined in the form of a coding paradigm. The coding process in the form of six dimensions of the paradigm model that includes effective causal indicators including organizational structure, managerial support and readiness for change, contextual factors including staff, infrastructure, motivation, strategy and innovative culture. Barriers include manpower, structural barriers, cultural barriers and knowledge barriers. In this regard, the proposed strategies include knowledge and training, participation, competitive environment and organizational dynamics. Finally, the use of the model will lead to the consequences of productivity, creativity and social functioning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
776 - A reading on the importance of using the oral history approach in order to improve the quality of holding international sports events selected by the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Hooman Ordookhani farshad tojari زینت نیک آئینAbstract The increasing importance of the military's physical fitness and its important role in their victory or defeat during war is obvious to everyone. In this regard, the headquarters of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the physical training MoreAbstract The increasing importance of the military's physical fitness and its important role in their victory or defeat during war is obvious to everyone. In this regard, the headquarters of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the physical training organization of the armed forces are one of the government organizations that request the organization of the World Military Competition. Therefore, achieving success and hosting this event plays a very important role in the position of countries in all dimensions (political, social, economic, cultural, etc.). This research, which is qualitative and practical in nature, is based on the oral history approach, to provide strategies and how the oral history approach is effective in improving the quality of hosting international military competitions. According to the nature of the research, three experts in the field of oral history were selected for the Sisem competitions. The method of sampling was purposeful and theoretical sampling was used. The results of the research indicate that strategies such as government and management support, public infrastructure, accommodation conditions for players, social and cultural conditions, environmental conditions, transportation conditions and finally safety and security can be mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
777 - Providing a strategic entrepreneurship model in sports businesses Abstract
Tayebe Nazemian nematollah nemati tahere bagherpoorThe current research aims to provide a strategic entrepreneurship model in sports businesses. In this research, a mixed method and qualitative and quantitative analysis were used. In this research, the research data was collected in the qualitative part by interviewing MoreThe current research aims to provide a strategic entrepreneurship model in sports businesses. In this research, a mixed method and qualitative and quantitative analysis were used. In this research, the research data was collected in the qualitative part by interviewing 35 people until theoretical saturation, and in the quantitative part, the statistical population was the faculty members of the faculties of entrepreneurship management of universities across the country, the faculty members of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences with expertise in Entrepreneurship and business management were formed, the number of which was 2210 people as a statistical population, based on Morgan's table, 385 people were sampled. To carry out the research in the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were used, and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire taken from the qualitative phase of the research was used. In the qualitative part of the data analysis, the Glaser method and open and axial coding techniques were used in the qualitative part, and in the quantitative part, factor analysis was used to confirm and model. The research findings showed that the final components of the strategic entrepreneurship model in sports businesses include management, attitude, structure and culture. Also, the research modeling results showed that the research model has a significant fit. Based on the studies, it can be concluded that for the development of entrepreneurship in sports businesses, it is necessary to use the development of entrepreneurial attitude based on the existing legal and management structure, to take advantage of entrepreneurial opportunities and to develop the field of sports businesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
778 - The effect of eight weeks of endurance training with garlic supplementation on aerobic capacity and lactic acid in middle-aged non-professional female athletes
farhad safari zanjani Leila tavasolian ghomashchiLong-term endurance training improves aerobic capacity and lactic acid indicators during rest and sports activity. Increasing aerobic capacity and reducing lactic acid by consuming garlic can enhance these beneficial effects and therefore can increase endurance performa MoreLong-term endurance training improves aerobic capacity and lactic acid indicators during rest and sports activity. Increasing aerobic capacity and reducing lactic acid by consuming garlic can enhance these beneficial effects and therefore can increase endurance performance. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training with garlic supplementation on aerobic capacity and lactic acid in non-professional middle-aged female athletes in zanjan city. Healthy non-athlete women were randomly divided into four groups [garlic supplement (with an average age of 52.33), exercise (53.60), garlic and exercise supplement (53.93) and a control (with an average age of 63.53)]. After Bruce's test (pre-test), a garlic supplement group, a training group (only training) and a garlic supplement and training group (garlic plus training) were given, and the control group did not perform any specific activity. The subjects, at the end of the eighth week, were again Bruce's test was performed to analyze the data, independent t-test and covariance analysis were used, and the significance level was 0.05 in all tests. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the consumption of garlic supplement, exercise, garlic with exercise in increasing aerobic capacity and reducing lactic acid. Also, after 8 weeks, garlic supplementation caused a significant difference in maximum oxygen consumption compared to the control group. The findings of the present study show that consuming garlic during exercise has a significant effect on increasing aerobic capacity and reducing lactic acid in non-athletic women. Manuscript profile
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