Standardization of the decision-making questionnaire in elite football and futsal referees in Asia

Subject Areas :

Ramin Iraji Noghondar ¹ , Hamid Ghasemi ² , Abolfazl Farahani ³

1 - Payam Noor University
2 - Associate Professor in Sport Management, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Professor of Sport Management at Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2022-10-29 Accepted : 2023-01-17 Published : 2022-12-22

Keywords: decision making, Sport, questionnaire, referee,

Abstract :

The aim of this study was to Standardization of the decision-making questionnaire in elite football and futsal referees in Asia. The statistical population of this study was elite soccer referees and Asian futsal in two sections of men and women, among which 292 questionnaires were collected. In order to collect data, a social-researcher-made decision making questionnaire, which consisted of 25 questions, was used. Face and content validity of questionnaire was accepted after translation by professors sport management specialists. Statistical methods were descriptive statistics and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Analytical results showed (α=0.82) reliability for decision making questionnaire. All questions had a significant relationship with their agent in reliability of Structure, the amount of relationship and T-value, and they could be a good predictor for their agent. X2/df=2.21, RMSEA=0.065 indexes and NFI=1.00, CFI=1.00, IFI=1.1, GFI=0.93 and AGFI=0.92 also confirmed the goodness of models. Also, the results about the relations of factors with the meaning of decision making showed that all factors could be a good predictor for the concept of decision making. Questionnaire decision making reliable and valid measure that can be used to evaluate decision making in the field of sports and reliable and consistent results are achieved.

References:

اکبری، رامین. مرادخانی، شهاب. (1389). خودکارآمدی معلمان انگلیسی در ایران. نشریه پژوهش های زبان های خارجی، شماره 56، صص 56-47.

میردار، شادمهر. قراخانلو، رضا. مبهوت مقدم، توحید. صادق پور، بهرام. (1389). مطالعه میزان کار و برخی شاخص های فیزیولوژیکی داوران نخبه فوتبال ایران. نشریه المپیک، شماره 51، صص 79-69

.

Alex, B., Peter, D., J. James, R., Dominik, S., Carl, S. (2021). Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19. Vol.198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109664.

Anthony, Costa., Norman, Elliott., Liam, Jackson. (2014). Bayesian networks for unbiased assessment of referee bias in association Football. Psychology of sport and exercise, 15(5), 538-547.

Barbara H M, William F. (2005). "Statistical methods for health care research”. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins", A welters clawer company;325-330.

Burns N, Grove S K. (1999). "Understanding Nursing Research", 2 nd Ed. Philadelphia. W. B. Saunders Company;321.

Daji, Ergu., & · Gang, K. (2012). Questionnaire design improvement and missing item scores estimation for rapid and efficient decision making. Ann Oper Res, 197:5–23.

David, R., Florian, S., Oliver, H. (2021). Decision-Making Skills in Youth Basketball Players: Diagnostic and External Validation of a Video-Based Assessment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18(5):23-31.

Dávid, Z. (2022). The impact of differing audience sizes on referees and team performance from a North American perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. Vol.60.

Deconinck, James (2010) "The Effect of Organizational Justice, Perceived Organizational Support, and Perceived Supervisor Support on Marketing Employees’ Level of Trust", Journal of Business Research, 63: 1349-1355.

Dennis, M., Paul, L., Oliver, H. (2021). Decision-making skills of high-performance youth soccer players. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, vol.51:102–111 

Goumas, Chris. (2017). Modeling home advantage for individual teams in UEFA champions league football. Journal of sport and health science, 6(3), 321-326.

Gürpınar, B. (2014). Adaptation of the Attitudes to Moral Decision-Making in Youth Sport Questionnaire into Turkish Culture: A Validity and Reliability Study in a Turkish Sample. Education & Science / Egitim ve Bilim.Vol.39(1):405-412.

Hu L, Bentler P M. (1999). "Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives", Structural Equation Modeling;6:1-55.

Javier, M., Pablo, GF., Daniel, J., Enrique, N., & Biomechanics, L. (2012). Effect of positioning on the accuracy of decision making of association football top-class referees and assistant referees during competitive matches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(13): 1437–1445.

Jerome, R., Shekina, R., Laurent, S., Jean-Luc, B. (2022). Validation of a French Version of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire: Relationships With Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy. Journal of Career Development. Vol. 49(4):906–921.

Jochim Spitza, Koen Puta, Johan Wagemansb, A. Mark Williamsc,Werner F. Helsen. (2017). The role of domain-generic and domain-specific perceptual-cognitive skills. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.09.010.

Jochim, S., Johan, W., Daniel, M., A. Mark, W., & Werner F. H. (2020): Video assistant referees (VAR): The impact of technology on decision making in association football referees, Journal of Sports Sciences, Vol.32(10), pp:1-7.

Lorains, M., Ball, K., & MacMahon, C. (2013). Performance analysis for decisionmaking in team sports. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 13, 110-119.

MacMahon, C., Helsen, W. F., Starkes, J. L., and Weston, M. (2007). Decision-making skills and deliberate practice in elite association football referees. Journal of Sports Science. 25, 65–78.

Megan, L., Kevin, B., & Clare, M. (2013). An above real time training intervention for sport decision making. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14, 670-674.

 Mesut, Y., Umut, H., & Inanb, Alpaslan F. (2008). Fair referee assignments for professional football leagues. Computers & Operations Research 35, 2937 – 2951. Nimrod, L., Hedva, B., Yuliya, LB., Itamar, G., Jérôme, R. (2020). Testing the structure of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire across country, gender, age, and decision status. Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol.116:103-115.

Paul, L., Christopher, M., Jason, B., Michael, S. (2014). Development of a valid and reliable video-based decision-making test for Australian football umpires. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. Vol.17(5):552-55.

Peter, C., Bart, G., Johan, W., & Werner, H. (2010). Offside decision making of assistant referees in the English Premier League: Impact of physical and perceptual-cognitive factors on match performance, Journal of Sports Sciences, 28:5, 471-481.

Pittig, A., Brand, M., Pawlikowski, M., & Alpers, G. W. (2014). The cost of fear: avoidant decision making in a spider gambling task. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 326-334.

René, L. (2010). Facilitating Referee’s Decision Making in Sport via the Application of Technology. Communications of the IBIMA, DOI: 10.5171/2010.545333, http://www.ibimapublishing .com /journals/ CIBIMA/cibima.html.

Stein, M. B., & Paulus, M. P. (2009). Imbalance of approach and avoidance: the yin and yang of anxiety disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 66, 1072-1074.

Travassos, BD., Araújo, K., Davids, K., O’Hara, J., & Leitão, AC. (2013). Expertise effects on decision making in sport are constrained by requisite response behaviours e A meta-analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14, 211-219.