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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating environmental sustainability using ecological footprint index (Case study:Abadan city, in Khouzestan province)
Saeed MohtashamniaIntroduction: The growth and high population density in urban areas and the production of all kinds of domestic and industrial pollutants resulted many consequences on the sustainability of the environment and its biological capacity as well as the quality of human life MoreIntroduction: The growth and high population density in urban areas and the production of all kinds of domestic and industrial pollutants resulted many consequences on the sustainability of the environment and its biological capacity as well as the quality of human life in urban communities. Ecological footprint assessment is one of the methods of measuring sustainable development in urban societies, which is used to measure sustainability in the world. The purpose of this research is to measure the sustainability of Abadan city using the ecological footprint method. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out by using the descriptive-analytical method and by applying the ecological footprint calculation model proposed by Rees and Walkernagel in order to determine the amount of land needed by the residents of Abadan city. The data of this research was mainly quantitative and collected by two documentary and field methods. The studied community included 384 households living in Abadan city and using the statistics and data of the relevant organizations with the subject of research and national statistics and yearbooks. The cluster random sampling method was based on the ten Abadan manicipal regions. Then, the ecological footprint index of food consumption, the amount of carbon dioxide production due to transportation and heating from natural gas, the amount of water consumption, the amount of electricity consumed and the amount of produced waste were calculated. Results and Discussion: Calculations showed that the largest footprint was related to electricity consumption (4252 m2) per person and the lowest related to waste (21 m2) for each citizen. Footprint index of water 56, natural gas 450 , gasoil 3770, petrol 1484 and food 1232 square meters per citizen and the total ecological footprint was calculated 1.12 hectares . Conclusion: The results showed the region climate and the activity of oil industries cause high consumption of energy input increased in hot seasons and the traffic of diesel vehicles because of industries in Abadan increase, So the consumption of diesel fuel is more than gasoline. Although the total per capita ecological footprint of Abadan is less than the world average (1.8 hectares), but the total ecological footprint per population is 5.5% more than the urban environment's carrying capacity, and this requires optimal management of resources and matching this potential with population and resource consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Role of Psychological Environment of Educational Spaces in the Self-esteem of Adolescents (Case Study: Shiraz Secondary School for Girls)
Kimia Sadat Tabibzadeh هادی کشمیری Hamid saghapourPaying attention to environmental psychology in the design of educational spaces, in addition to improving the quality of the space, can cause positive mental effects of the user of the environment. Since girls have different growth and maturity characteristics than boy MorePaying attention to environmental psychology in the design of educational spaces, in addition to improving the quality of the space, can cause positive mental effects of the user of the environment. Since girls have different growth and maturity characteristics than boys and in the future they will also play the role of mothers in the family, it is very important to pay attention to their mental and psychological characteristics. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of environmental psychology of educational spaces in the self-esteem of adolescent girls and also to determine the more effective features of environmental psychology in the self-esteem of this group of society. The independent variables of the research were the psychology of the school environment and its components, and the dependent variable of the research was the students' self-esteem. The research method used is relational correlation which was done with library studies and survey method. Available books, articles and documents, personal observation, interviews, Rosenberg's self-esteem questionnaire, and the researcher's questionnaire of environmental psychology have been research tools. After the studies, the environmental psychology questionnaire was created by the researcher, adjusted and according to Cochran's formula, it was randomly completed by 382 students from second secondary girls' schools in Shiraz city, who were selected by targeted non-probability sampling method. The information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed with SPSS software to achieve the objectives of the research. The findings have shown that school architecture can influence the self-esteem of female adolescent students through the science of environmental psychology, and the correlation coefficient between the physical and spatial component of environmental psychology with adolescent self-esteem is higher than the correlation coefficient between the functional component of environmental psychology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Providing a model of sustainability factors based on economic, social and environmental fields Sports complexes in Tehran
Amir Izadkhah Seyed Mostafa Tayebisani Bahram Gadimi Mehrdad NavabakhshIn order to meet people's demands for sports and comply with sustainability laws, sports complexes should try to improve their organization's sustainability performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of sustainability factors based on economic a MoreIn order to meet people's demands for sports and comply with sustainability laws, sports complexes should try to improve their organization's sustainability performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of sustainability factors based on economic and social areas of sports complexes. This research is descriptive-survey and retrospective. The statistical population of sports complexes in the northeast of Tehran city with 48 sports complexes, 5 people from each complex and a total of 240 questionnaires were completed. The 2014 Lean Sustainable Supply Chain Management Standard Questionnaire was used. The Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS) method was used to examine the relationships between the variables. The results showed that the economic dimension of supply chain dimensions has the greatest impact on the variable of operational performance of sports complexes in Tehran. The coefficient of economic impact on the environment is 0.89 and the coefficient of economic impact on the social dimension is 0.77. In fact, the economic field is the most important field in the sustainability of sports complexes. Therefore, sustainability leads to the improvement of economic performance and to some extent environmental performance, it can be suggested Managers should pay more attention to the economic dimension to discuss the sustainability of their organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Environmental impact assessment consecutive rubber dams in the Karzin river - Fars province
Mohammad HosseiniIntroduction: The water crisis in the country, as well as the optimal use of water resources, the distribution and transfer of water through small dams in the country have been taken into account, which has led to the control of the flow regime during floods and water s MoreIntroduction: The water crisis in the country, as well as the optimal use of water resources, the distribution and transfer of water through small dams in the country have been taken into account, which has led to the control of the flow regime during floods and water supply due to less negative effects. Drinking and farming work better. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the environment of successive dams in the river bed and also its effects on environmental factors in the region. Materials and Methods: In this research, it tried to investigate the environmental evaluation of successive small dams in the river course of Karin region of Fars province and to determine the positive and negative points of the construction of successive dams using Leopold's matrix. Three physical, biological, economic, social and cultural states were studied and evaluated in two phases of construction and operation with option 1 (not doing the project) and option 2 (doing the project). Results and Discussion: The assessment of environmental effects in the biological part of option 1 shows that the total score of the construction and operation phase has obtained a score of -212, which has the greatest negative impact on the factors of animal species mortality, reduction of biological food and growth and breeding of aquatic animals, and destruction. Vegetation can be seen in option 2 (execution of the project) on biological activities. It shows that the sum of points for the construction and operation phase has scored +295, which is the most effective factors of animal species migration, impact on the food chain and growth and development. Vegetation and aquatic cover. Conclusion: A general review of all environmental factors, although the option of not implementing the project has a negative score of 138, but not doing the project and leaving the area to itself is actually not using natural resources and not moving towards sustainable development. In the total scores of the entire economic, social and cultural environment, it was concluded that with the effect score of +2107, this action can have an effect on the economic, social and cultural prosperity of the region in the future, as well as the construction of successive dams, in addition to the change in the region's ecosystem, will cause Economic prosperity and water quality and quantity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A comparative review of how development plans can be realized with an environmental sustainability approach
behnaz rahimi حسین زینتی seyyd amir hossein Garkani sajjad amiriIn this research, we will analyze the comparative review of development plans with a sustainable approach and look for the emergence of new solutions and development models that are in sync with short-term and long-term goals and help communities and the environment. Th MoreIn this research, we will analyze the comparative review of development plans with a sustainable approach and look for the emergence of new solutions and development models that are in sync with short-term and long-term goals and help communities and the environment. This method should be used to formulate how to realize the sustainability of the rural environment with an aesthetic approach and to identify the process and related components. The statistical population of this systematic study includes all published research articles in the field of environmental sustainability and development plans of rural areas, resulting from quantitative and qualitative studies. It has been objective reality. The review of previous research shows the weakness of the existing frameworks in relation to the realization of the rural identity based on the aesthetic approach. The purpose of this research is how to realize rural identity with a systematic review approach. The current research is fundamental in terms of its purpose, and with the approach of a systematic review of the literature related to the components of rural identity, landscape and aesthetics between the years 2000 and 2022, using 3 specific keywords and a clear and pre-designed strategy, from 5 databases. Information was collected. After screening and qualitative assessment, the final analysis was done on 37 articles. On the other hand, the meta-analysis method requires the identification of the relationship between the components, which depends on the knowledge of the components. The realization of environmental sustainability in rural development plans requires economic, social and environmental coordination that preserves natural resources, reduces pollution and ensures the quality of life of local people. These goals can be achieved by cooperation between the government, local community and environmental organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Modeling of Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids with the Aim of Reducing Cost and Environmental Pollutants
Mehdi MotevaselIn this article, in order to improve the performance of a micro-grid, a complete and practical model for electric energy storage is presented. In order to optimize the energy in the micro-grid, a dual-purpose objective function has been considered, and the main purpose MoreIn this article, in order to improve the performance of a micro-grid, a complete and practical model for electric energy storage is presented. In order to optimize the energy in the micro-grid, a dual-purpose objective function has been considered, and the main purpose of this function is to simultaneously minimize the total operating costs and environmental pollutants by considering the uncertainty in the micro-grid. In the optimization part, due to the large search space of the above problem and its non-linearity, the proposed improved particle swarm algorithm has been used. Comparing the answers obtained through the above optimization algorithm with other optimization algorithms shows that the above algorithm is more efficient and has higher speed and accuracy. Finally, the proposed algorithm for managing the electrical energy of the entire micro-grid, the working points of all scattered production sources, how to charge and discharge electrical energy storage devices, as well as the amount of electrical power exchanged with the upstream network, in the condition that the total operating costs and environmental pollution Production is simultaneously minimized and optimized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Development of an educational protocol based on environmental culture in Islamic Azad University, Shahinshahr branch
Ehsan Shojaei Narges Atrian Mehri MahdikhaniThe main objective of this study is to develop an educational protocol based on environmental culture at Shahinshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University. The research follows an applied approach using a combination method of sequential exploratory type. The development of t MoreThe main objective of this study is to develop an educational protocol based on environmental culture at Shahinshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University. The research follows an applied approach using a combination method of sequential exploratory type. The development of the educational protocol is based on qualitative environmental culture and is structured as a semi-experimental research design with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The quantitative aspect of the research is employed to determine the executive validity of the protocol. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes students of Shahinshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, in the year 2022, and reference texts covering the period from 2001 to 2021. In the quantitative section, the statistical populations consist of experts in educational interventions of environmental culture and students in the year 2022. Twenty students and eleven references were selected for the qualitative section, while five experts in environmental culture educational interventions and thirty students were chosen for the quantitative section. The results revealed two main themes: individual factors, encompassing increased environmental awareness, improved environmental attitude, and heightened environmental motivation, and situational factors, including utilizing personal resources to preserve the environment, reinforcing responsibility, and creating social pressure. The educational protocol, compiled based on environmental culture, focuses on the main themes, emphasizing that environmental culture and its dimensions (awareness, attitude, and performance) significantly impact the students of Islamic Azad University, Shahinshahr Branch. Therefore, the study suggests the application of an educational package based on environmental culture to enhance students' environmental culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Multi-Objective Operation of the Distribution System Including Wind Turbines, Taking Into Account the Minimization of Environmental Pollution in the Network
Reza SedaghatiIntroduction: The ever-increasing growth of consumption loads and the necessity of proper, timely and reliable supply of power networks require a new attitude in the optimal operation of power systems and lines more than ever. On the other hand, in recent years, there h MoreIntroduction: The ever-increasing growth of consumption loads and the necessity of proper, timely and reliable supply of power networks require a new attitude in the optimal operation of power systems and lines more than ever. On the other hand, in recent years, there has been a lot of support for distributed generation sources based on renewable energies, especially wind turbines. One of the main problems of wind turbines is the problem of extreme wind fluctuations and the dependence of output power on wind speed. Parallel to this problem, in the discussion of network management, the error caused by forecasting the consumption load in the future can also lead to the problem becoming more and more difficult. One of the suitable techniques without initial cost is the method of network topology reconfiguration with the objective of improving the network situation. Materials and Methods: Therefore, in this research, in order to investigate the problem of reconfiguration of the distribution network with the presence of wind turbine sources, a new method for their simultaneous management has been presented. A multi-objective function is considered to reduce the active losses of the network, reduce the overall costs of the network, improve the voltage profile of the existing buses, and reduce the total emissions generated by the network, which uses the firefly optimization algorithm to minimize it. Results and Discussion: Solving the problem of renewing the structure by considering the uncertainty caused by wind turbines is considered. The presence of wind resources in the network has been able to significantly reduce the objective functions. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the American land reclamation method is better than the other mentioned methods because it has estimated more flow in flood calculation. An important result of flood zoning resulting from the breaking of Tangab dam is that the urban area of Firozabad is safe from this flood and the villages are not flooded as far as the studied area is concerned. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the result of the possible failure of the dam, based on this research, the flood caused by the failure of the dam, except for 1 hectare of the industrial sector, which is a very small area, will cause damage only to agricultural lands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Environmental Challenges of Waste in International Law
زینب پورخاقان شاهرضایی Zahra sadat HosseiniToday, environmental risks caused by the mismanagement of waste are recognized as a fundamental issue worldwide. With the rapid advancement of technology, waste and its management have emerged as crucial topics in the field of international environmental laws. These law MoreToday, environmental risks caused by the mismanagement of waste are recognized as a fundamental issue worldwide. With the rapid advancement of technology, waste and its management have emerged as crucial topics in the field of international environmental laws. These laws go beyond the protection of nature and the environment; rather, they constitute a comprehensive framework of norms, institutions, and methods specifically crafted for waste management, taking into account diverse global dimensions. This study uses an analytical-descriptive method to explore the environmental challenges associated with waste in international law. The research methodology is library-based, relying on the review of existing studies, international laws, and regulations about waste. The research findings emphasize that pollution resulting from waste is a primary global concern, leading to the approval of numerous international documents addressing environmental challenges posed by waste at both domestic and international levels. These documents establish environmental responsibilities for governments. Additionally, the advancement of technology and increase in the production of electronic wastes have introduced new challenges in environmental protection for countries, with recycling standing out as a crucial factor in waste management. The issue of waste is not limited to the internal laws and policies of individual countries; it necessitates global cooperation. It is recommended that relevant organizations take proactive measures to establish a unified procedure in waste management, backed by robust executive guarantees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The quality of lifestyle and the drought of Zayande-Rood: Interpretive under-standing of the lived experiences of Isfahan citizens of the water
Sahar FaeghiIn recent years, Iran has grappled with escalating environmental crises, especially concerning water-related issues. This study aims to comprehensively understand the lived experiences of Isfahan citizens amid the city's water crisis. The methodology employed for this s MoreIn recent years, Iran has grappled with escalating environmental crises, especially concerning water-related issues. This study aims to comprehensively understand the lived experiences of Isfahan citizens amid the city's water crisis. The methodology employed for this study was qualitative research, utilizing thematic analysis for data interpretation. A total of 27 Interviews were conducted with Isfahan citizens, focusing on their subjective experiences regarding the water crisis in the Zayande-Rood river. Data collection utilized a non-homogeneous sampling method. Predetermined criteria concerning credibility, reliability, and objec-tivity were applied to validate the findings. Data coding and theory-based analysis were performed simul-taneously during interviews. The data interpretation comprised basic, organizing, and inclusive coding stages. Analyzing the data revealed key categories, notably the impact on citizens’ quality of life under socio-environmental conditions, considered as an inclusive category. The subjective feeling of happiness derived from environmental conditions (the sense of citizens' happiness and satisfaction through the envi-ronment) and changes in the lifestyle of citizens were reconstructed as organizing categories. The main sub-organizing categories reconstructed in this study include changes in citizens’ lifestyle, alterations in leisure activities, social interactions, extending citizens' environmental concerns, Citizens' dissatisfaction with government performance, changes in sense of emotional well-being of citizens, Citizens' dissatisfaction with weather conditions, and decreasing satisfaction with Urbanization. Primarily, citizens consider drought and water shortage to be the main reasons for the reduced quality of (socio-environmental) lifestyle in Isfahan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Using the IPSS Method in the Quantitative Recommendation of Nitrogen Fertilizer to Reduce Environmental Pollution
Abdolkarim Ejraei rakhshan hakimelahiIntroduction: Chemical fertilizers are one of the most important factors that pollute the environment. Chemical fertilizers can cause air, soil, surface and underground water pollution and cause irreparable damage to the environment. Among the chemical fertilizers, nitr MoreIntroduction: Chemical fertilizers are one of the most important factors that pollute the environment. Chemical fertilizers can cause air, soil, surface and underground water pollution and cause irreparable damage to the environment. Among the chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous fertilizers have the largest amount of consumption and can be affected by the oxidation and reduction process and affect the environment the most. So far, many methods have been presented to recommend chemical fertilizers, but all these methods are qualitative and cannot calculate the quantity of fertilizer required by the plant. The Integrated Plant and Soil System (IPSS) was first described in 2019. In this method, the amount of elements needed by plants is calculated quantitatively. Materials and Methods: There was a significant correlation between nitrogen of saturated soil extract and nitrogen of plant organs, and the highest correlation was observed between the nitrogen of young leaves and the nitrogen of saturated soil extract. Also, the highest correlation was between the nitrogen of young leaves and other plant organs. Organs of plants whose nitrogen had a significant correlation with soil nitrogen were selected and multivariate regression equations were determined between them and soil saturated extract nitrogen. By simplifying them, two equations with two variables were obtained, according to which the required fertilizer can be calculated. Results and Discussion: There was a significant correlation between nitrogen of saturated soil extract and nitrogen of plant organs, and the highest correlation was observed between the nitrogen of young leaves and the nitrogen of saturated soil extract. Also, the highest correlation was between the nitrogen of young leaves and other plant organs. Organs of plants whose nitrogen had a significant correlation with soil nitrogen were selected and multivariate regression equations were determined between them and soil saturated extract nitrogen. By simplifying them, two equations with two variables were obtained, according to which the required fertilizer can be calculated. Conclusion: The results of this research are two bivariate regression equations, based on which the amount of fertilizer required by plants can be calculated quantitatively and accurately, and the environment can be protected from the risk of chemical fertilizer contamination. This method can be used for all elements and plants in hydroponic and soil cultivation systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Evaluation of Urban Regeneration in Worn Texture of Neighborhoods Using Physical-Environmental and Socio-Cultural Productivity Approach (Case Study: Mahshahr Port)
sadegh besharati behrouz moseniToday, paying attention to worn urban textures along with fixing their instability, has become a serious and pivotal issue, that the relevant organizations urge to organize and regenerate the mentioned tissues and also the need to intervene in these texture in different MoreToday, paying attention to worn urban textures along with fixing their instability, has become a serious and pivotal issue, that the relevant organizations urge to organize and regenerate the mentioned tissues and also the need to intervene in these texture in different course of time has been emphasized. Therefore, due to the importance of the issue, this research has evaluated the urban regeneration in the worn texture of neighborhoods mahshahr port with social-cultural and physical-environmental approach. The research method in terms of the goal characterizes developmental-applied and in terms of methodology is placed in the group of combined researches. The statistical population of the research is the residents of eight neighborhoods of Mahshahr's port worn fabric and the statistical sample of 386 people is considered according to Cochran's formula. The findings of the research show that physical-environmental component with an average score of 3.85 and social-cultural component with 3.83 have played a crucial role in the non-realization of urban regeneration. This is Also worth considering, based on the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient, there has been a significant relationship between social-cultural and physical-environmental indicators but their intensity of correlation and significance in socio-cultural index with 0.794 points and the physical-environmental index has score of 0.854. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect of Environmental Education on Attitude Change of Male Inhabitants in Mirabad Village within the vicinity of the Ghamishloo national park and wildlife refuge
Firoozeh sadat Saadati Mohammadali NadiToday, most of the existing environmental problems are rooted in the lack of necessary awareness and cultural weakness in the field of human-nature communication, and it is considered a kind of cultural problem. Therefore, it requires national and international determin MoreToday, most of the existing environmental problems are rooted in the lack of necessary awareness and cultural weakness in the field of human-nature communication, and it is considered a kind of cultural problem. Therefore, it requires national and international determination to strengthen the culture of environmental protection at the level of different sections of society. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of environmental education with a biodiversity approach and emphasis on wildlife conservation on the feedback of rural men using a semi-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population was 746 rural men living in Mirabad village located within the vicinity of Ghamishloo National Park and Wildlife Refuge. The data were collected through a survey attitude questionnaire which was designed, face, content and construct-validated and assessed for reliability (α=0.80) by the present researcher. In order to analyze the data, a repeated measures variance analysis test was used. The results indicate that environmental education in cultural and environmental awareness, livelihood and economy of the region, ecology and ecosystem functions fields had significant effects on the attitude of male residents of the area towards environmental protection issues, but in the three axes of agriculture, animal husbandry and environmental laws and regulations, education was not effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The impact of environmental regulations and financial restrictions on the technological innovation of companies
Hossein Rostamkhani Dawood Tabarsa Javad MoradiObjective: Compliance with environmental regulations and financial resources are very important for the survival of companies. On the other hand, in the competitive market, it is vital to pay attention to technological innovation in companies. Therefore, the purpose of MoreObjective: Compliance with environmental regulations and financial resources are very important for the survival of companies. On the other hand, in the competitive market, it is vital to pay attention to technological innovation in companies. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of environmental regulations and financial restrictions on technological innovation in companies. Methodology: This research is practical in terms of purpose. It is also among post-event studies. To select a statistical sample using the screening method, 124 companies were selected from among the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2018- 2022. For data analysis, multivariate regression model was used by Eviuse software. Results: The obtained results showed that environmental regulations and financial restrictions have an inverse and direct relationship with technological innovation in companies, respectively. In other words, the more companies comply with environmental regulations and financial restrictions, the less technological innovation happens in those companies. Innovation: In today's era, attention to technological innovation in companies can be considered as an important and influential variable. Therefore, the innovation aspect of this research is that there has been no research on the relationship between environmental regulations and financial restrictions with technological innovation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A Survey of Internal and International Experiences in the Future Studies System of Web-Based Environmental Scanning
morteza tizchang mina ebrahimiAbstract: Horizon scanning, dramatically in recent years, has been used throughout in the world. Although there is not an accurate definition about it, but in general it is a systematic process used the best available information to select the best possible decisions. A MoreAbstract: Horizon scanning, dramatically in recent years, has been used throughout in the world. Although there is not an accurate definition about it, but in general it is a systematic process used the best available information to select the best possible decisions. A systematic search for new trends, opportunities and constraints that effect on the path of objective sets. Explicit goals of horizon scanning are critical for innovative and developmental issues, knowledge, data stored, and decision making. Key technical solutions used in environmental scanning processes are web browsing, indexing, mapping knowledge, citation, lexical, coincidental, page rank algorithm, html analytical algorithm, data mining, Classification and clustering. During the writing of this research, efforts have been made to identify institutions and companies that are using or serving in the field of web-based environmental scanning, identification of their goals and solutions, as well as identifying and studying techniques and tools that they use. The result of this research should help the internal organization to use this new method to reach their goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Developing a Comprehensive Model of Strategic Thinking as an Organizational Competency for the NIGC (Iranian National Gas Co.)
nima rahmani mirza hassn Hosseini mohammad Mahmudi Meymand mohammad taghi aminiBackground: Studies of the last two decades in the field of strategic thinking have been developed in two branches of psychology and management. Researchers have recently proposed a hybrid approach that has led to the development of an organizational competency. Object MoreBackground: Studies of the last two decades in the field of strategic thinking have been developed in two branches of psychology and management. Researchers have recently proposed a hybrid approach that has led to the development of an organizational competency. Objective: the purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive and process model of strategic thinking for the Iran National Gas Company`s mangers, in accordance with synthesizing the recent studies, as an organizational competency which separated in two dimensions of content and strategies with the aim of developing its components as well as identifying and explaining the unique requesting factors, the underlying factors on both the individual and organizational levels and the expected outcomes. Methods: the research plan was an exploratory combination which through qualitative strategies (Grounded Theory and meta-synthesis), primary conceptual model was obtained. Then, through a quantitative strategy (survey), model was tested. In the qualitative section, a targeted sampling method, a semi-structured interview with managers of strategic level, as well as a taking notes of the company's documents, were applied. In quantitative section, based on vizenry rule, the number and member of sample were determined. The number of sample was determined based on the Vinzi`s rule and STQv6 test. Data was collected by using an electronic questionnaire. Findings: the requirements including environmental, organizational and value as requesting factors, the visionary manager and the corporate entrepreneurship as the underlying factors, the content dimension of strategic thinking, including 5 methods of divergent thinking, strategies include 6 ways of thinking, the target and expected outcomes including 4 organizational capabilities, in whole, form the strategic thinking model. Results: strategic thinking, should be used as an organizational competency focused on the organizational goals and in accordance with environmental requirement to optimally develop organization's capabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - An Analysis of the Advanced Model of the Political Skills of Managers in the Public Organization
samin yousefi masoud pourkiani mehrdad goudarzvand cheginiBackground-Today, politics has become a basic skill for managers and is considered as an important factor in management effectiveness. Hence, increasing such a skill is necessary to achieve the desired results. Purpose-The purpose of the research is to analyze the evolu MoreBackground-Today, politics has become a basic skill for managers and is considered as an important factor in management effectiveness. Hence, increasing such a skill is necessary to achieve the desired results. Purpose-The purpose of the research is to analyze the evolutions and factors associated with the political skills of managers in the public sector. Method-This is a descriptive-correlational study that has been done by survey method. Data were collected from a sample of 345 ministry directors by cluster sampling. Samples were randomly selected from the provinces of Guilan, Tehran, Mazandaran, Khorasanzarzavi and Kerman. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by using expert opinion and by using an analytical method. According to factor coefficients of the variables estimated above 0.4, validity was confirmed. The reliability of the instrument was also confirmed through the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Structural equation modeling and Amos software were used to analyze the data. Results-The results of the research model showed that the components of individual factors (except narcissism), Job factors(except occupational feedback), organizational factors(except organization's focus and size) and factors of environmental factors predict the managers' political skills, and all components have a positive and significant relationship Have a political skill other than the official variable, which has a negative and inverse relationship with political skill. Also, according to Friedman test results, it can be said that among the predictors of job variables, the most positive relationship is with the managers' political skills and the individual, environmental and organizational factors are respectively in the second, third and fourth grades respectively. Conclusions-The findings of the research show that managers, by strengthening some of the factors related to political skill, can take steps to increase their political skills in the organization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Barriers of Academic Research Commercialization
Morteza Raei DehaghiThe main topic of this research is identifying obstacles to the commercialization of knowledge and technology. The importance of this is because, with the emergence of knowledge based economy, higher education policies have undergone changes that led universities to att MoreThe main topic of this research is identifying obstacles to the commercialization of knowledge and technology. The importance of this is because, with the emergence of knowledge based economy, higher education policies have undergone changes that led universities to attain a competitive advantage and increase resources that play a role in global markets. This can be achieved through the commercialization of research and technological achievements. The main objective of this research is to identify and rank barriers to the commercialization of knowledge and technology at the University of Isfahan. This research is descriptive-survey based on the nature of the application. The statistical population of the study was 141 faculty members of Isfahan University that are involved in commercialization projects. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was verified by 5 experts and the validity of the construct was verified by confirmatory factor analysis using Liserl software. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. The structural equation test was used to study the hypotheses of this research. The results at 95% confidence level indicated that structural, behavioral and environmental barriers to commercialization in the University of Isfahan had a reverse effect. Also, the Friedman test was used to rank the barriers that are structural - organizational barriers, behavioral - content, contextual - environmental, were ranked in order of preferences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Impact of environment dynamics and competitiveness on business performance; Analyzing the role of product innovation strategies and processes
saeed jafari titkanloo Nafiseh Zolfaghari Omid Behboodi Mohammad Zia MohseniAbstract Background: recently, more notable performance is expected from knowledge-based companies. Some intra-organizational factors (such as innovation strategies) and also a number of extra-organizational factors (such as competitiveness and environmental dynamics) c MoreAbstract Background: recently, more notable performance is expected from knowledge-based companies. Some intra-organizational factors (such as innovation strategies) and also a number of extra-organizational factors (such as competitiveness and environmental dynamics) can play significant roles in their performance. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the connection of dynamics variables and environmental competitiveness with the variables of product innovation strategy and process innovation. Another objective of this article is to investigate the impact of these factors on business performance. Methods: This research is an applied and descriptive correlational study. The statistical population includes 170 managers of knowledge-based companies of Khorasan Razavi province out of which 115 were randomly selected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire which its validity and reliability was confirmed. Causal relationships between variables were measured using PLS software. Results: The results indicate that environmental competitiveness affects both process and product innovation. It also affects business performance through innovation. Also, the Environmental dynamics affect product and process innovation and through them affect business performance. Conclusion: Knowledge-based companies should investigate the environmental conditions and formulate innovative strategies based on its competitiveness and dynamics to achieve optimal performance. Keywords: Business Performance, Product Innovation, Process Innovation, Environmental Dynamics, Environmental Competitiveness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Voluntary Disclosure in Financial Reporting: A Review of Theories and Researches
R. Royaee B. BanimahdThis paper study theories of the voluntary disclosures and represent outcomes of the latest researches in thisregard. Our study is focused on value added reporting and environmental accounting theories and researches,since these disclosures have been increased in the la MoreThis paper study theories of the voluntary disclosures and represent outcomes of the latest researches in thisregard. Our study is focused on value added reporting and environmental accounting theories and researches,since these disclosures have been increased in the last two decades.We explain the meaning and usage of the political economy theory,legitimacy theory,stackeholderstheory,decision usefulness approach and positive accounting theory in above subjects. Outcomes of thisstudy show that voluntary disclosure is not consistent and these disclosures are done for particular purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Identifying, explaining and measuring the causes of formation of political behavior with an organizational and environmental approach in employees of government Organizations
Ali Khodadad nezhad Abdolkhalegh GholamiThis research was conducted with a developmental-applied purpose and with a descriptive-analytical nature in order to identify, explain and measure the organizational and environmental characteristics effective in the formation of political behaviors in government organ MoreThis research was conducted with a developmental-applied purpose and with a descriptive-analytical nature in order to identify, explain and measure the organizational and environmental characteristics effective in the formation of political behaviors in government organizations in a combined method. In the qualitative section, using Delphi method, 20 university professors and experienced managers were selected by a combined method of judgment and snowball and were surveyed with a researcher-made questionnaire in three stages. There were ten organizational components, including organizational structure, performance appraisal system, payroll and reward system, participation in decision making, policy making of managers, organizational justice, opportunity for promotion and progress, lack of resources, ambiguity in goals and tasks, organizational conflict and four Invironmental components involving dynamism and change in the environment, macro-government policies, competition and conflict, the intervention of unions and parties were identified and explained In a small section to measure the results of the qualitative section, a questionnaire (researcher-made) was distributed among 284 employees of Gachsaran Oil and Gas Exploitation Company who were selected by simple random method. Data analysis using structural equation test showed that the mentioned organizational and environmental components are significantly related to the formation of political behavior in government organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Identify and Analyze the Effective Factor on the Water Governance in Iran
Negin Sadat Sadaghiyan Tark Nejad Hadi Khanmohammadi Hossein AslipourIssues and problems related to Iran's water resources are not only caused by limited resources but due to the weakness of management procedures. Any policy reform in the field of frameworks and management processes related to the water issues, requires the adoption MoreIssues and problems related to Iran's water resources are not only caused by limited resources but due to the weakness of management procedures. Any policy reform in the field of frameworks and management processes related to the water issues, requires the adoption of a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach in different systems. In this case’s literature, water governance responds to a comprehensive multidimensional approach to water management; which is operational based on the purpose, with a macro-theoretical framework and using the combined research method; firstly the qualitative method of content analysis by coding and forming a network of themes from upstream laws and semi-structured interviews, secondly the quantitative method of Dematel based on the pairwise comparison technique, structurally examines the factors affecting water governance. The results obtained by different dimensions, including management and policy, law, social and cultural, economic, political and environmental, determined that the efficiency of water laws (law dimension), the need to have macro policy-makings (policy-making and management dimension) and the role of political institutions in water sector (political dimension) have the most influential on other factors and it is concluded that the main policies in the current system of Iran’s water governance should be re-formulated based on them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Ranking of green human resource management components affecting the environmental performance of Mashhad Municipality (Hierarchical analysis approach)
MAHDI JANALIZADEH GHAZVINI Azr Kaffashpoor Amir Rahimpour Mosayeb SamanianBackground: Due to the increase in pollution and environmental degradation, recent studies have been conducted on the relationship between human resource management and green performance of organizations. Objective: The present study sought to rank the components of gr MoreBackground: Due to the increase in pollution and environmental degradation, recent studies have been conducted on the relationship between human resource management and green performance of organizations. Objective: The present study sought to rank the components of green human resource management in Mashhad Municipality that had the greatest impact on the development and improvement of environmental performance. Methods: In this study, Delphi technique and hierarchical analysis process method were used in Expert Choice software version 11. The statistical population of the study was university professors specializing in human resource management and sustainable development in Mashhad and human resource management officials in the organization. The statistical sample of this study included 35 people, of which 10 faculty members of universities and 25 officials related to human resource management in Mashhad Municipality were purposefully selected. Findings: The components of green human resource management were collected in the form of a conceptual model presented in the study. Degrees of effectiveness of different components of human resource management on improving and developing environmental performance in this organization were identified. Conclusion: The results showed that among the components of human resource management, green selection and selection of employees, their training and empowerment and evaluation and monitoring of green performance of employees can have the greatest impact on the development and improvement of environmental performance of this organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - factors for the implementation of environmental policies (Case study: wetlands)
Rasoul Zamani Foroshanii Davoud Hosseinpour Vajholah GhorbanizadehBackground:Environmental protection is related to many issues.The most important issue is the planning and proper implementation of these policies.Objective:TIdentifying the effective factors on the implementation of environmental policies in the field of wetlands focus MoreBackground:Environmental protection is related to many issues.The most important issue is the planning and proper implementation of these policies.Objective:TIdentifying the effective factors on the implementation of environmental policies in the field of wetlands focusing on Gavkhooni wetland in Isfahan.Method:Theme analysis method was used.Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted and then the data were coded in maxqda12 software and the final network of topics was drawn.Results:Data analysis led to the emergence of 383codes in the form of 6 main sections;legal factors;targeting and policy setting;target groups and stakeholders;personality and behavioral characteristics of performers;resources and skills of performers;environmental factors.Conclusion:We examine the factors affecting the implementation of environmental policies in four sections.1-Legal factors:One of the important problems in the implementation of environmental policies is the existence of various legislative authorities and executive bodies.2-Stakeholders:By creating a culture of policy acceptance in stakeholders, the necessary platform for policy acceptance should be provided.3-Personality traits, skills and resources required of performers:Having inner motivation and commitment and leadership skills are a relationship that should be considered.4-Targeting, policy-making and environmental factors:Unfortunately, expert opinions are not taken into account today, and government programs have led to further destruction of the ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Analysis of the challenges of public policy implementation with an emphasis on citizens' participation (case study: the law on the protection and exploitation of forests in the north of Iran)
Davoud Hosseinpour Seyyed Mahdi Alvani Hossein Aslipour عقیل قربانی پاجیBackground: Attracting public participation is one of the key elements in the success of public policies, including environmental policies. Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the challenges of citizens' participation in the implement MoreBackground: Attracting public participation is one of the key elements in the success of public policies, including environmental policies. Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the challenges of citizens' participation in the implementation of the policy, focusing on the protection and exploitation of the forests in the north of the country. Method: in the quantitative section was the opinions of 11 people from the directors of the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan provinces. Findings: The final model is formed in 5 levels, the lack of forest governance in the fifth level is the most influential level and political challenges, lack of communication and dissemination of forest knowledge for stakeholders, weak closeness between the government and executive bodies - citizens and lack The motivation in local communities to participate is the most effective level in the designed model. The analysis of intensity of influence and dependence using MICMAC shows that the lack of forest governance and political challenges are independent variables. Conclusion: The participatory approach based on forest governance motivates the cooperation of local people and other stakeholders in applying forest control laws with the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Identification and Prioritization component of Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance entrepreneurship with AHP approach (case study: Tehran Central Building)
Fahime Mashhadi Mahmoudi Hadi Rezghi ShirsavarThis study aimedto identify and prioritizethe factors influencingentrepreneurshipatthe Ministry of Cultureand Islamic Guidance,Tehranhas been done.The studyofthepurpose andthe methodisdescriptive. In order to collectinformation,a combination ofdesk and fieldresearch met MoreThis study aimedto identify and prioritizethe factors influencingentrepreneurshipatthe Ministry of Cultureand Islamic Guidance,Tehranhas been done.The studyofthepurpose andthe methodisdescriptive. In order to collectinformation,a combination ofdesk and fieldresearch methodswere used. The study sampleincluded all theexperts and managers ofthe Ministry ofCulture and Islamic Guidancein Tehranthattheir numbers are 75 people. According to Morgan table, the sample size is 63 people to ensure the return of the questionnaire, 70 questionnaires were distributed randomly among professionals. Inventory study for comparing the pair to measure research designed to help software. Data were analyzed EXPERT CHOISE. The results showed that in this study, among the 3 main factors affecting entrepreneurship were compared to standard structural factors weighing 0.439 in the first place and then measure the importance of environmental factors in second with 0.343 weight and importance criteria behavioral factors weighing 0.219 in third place are important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The effect of environmental factors on financial performance with the mediating role of coverage capabilities
mohamad Hadi Asgari Nadia Montazeri Mitra SadoughiObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental factors and marketing capabilities of coverage on financial performance.Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey study based on the applied purpose. All managers, deputies and se MoreObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental factors and marketing capabilities of coverage on financial performance.Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey study based on the applied purpose. All managers, deputies and senior experts of Bank Melli in Mazandaran province were considered as a statistical population. A total of 290 people were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan table and simple random sampling method as the research sample size. To assess the research variables, valid questionnaires of environmental factors Javarski and Kohli (1993) and Olsen et al. (2005), marketing capabilities of Vijand et al. (2012) and financial performance of Nicholas and Sardan (2011) were used. The validity of the structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.7 for different structures confirmed their reliability. Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using LISREL software.Findings: The research findings showed that environmental factors have a positive and significant effect on the coverage capability and financial performance of the bank. The coverage capability of marketing also has a significant effect on financial performance.Conclusion: The results indicate that the ability to cover marketing has a mediating role in the impact of environmental factors on financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The impact of globalization on the tendency of citizens to protect the environment experimental communications Tehran residents
Maryam Rezaee Seyed Yaghoub mousaviWith increasing environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction, growing attention and concern of the community understand the causes, consequences and ways to reduce it. Several factors are involved in reducing threatening conditions above. This study emphasizes the MoreWith increasing environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction, growing attention and concern of the community understand the causes, consequences and ways to reduce it. Several factors are involved in reducing threatening conditions above. This study emphasizes the role of media and communication studies globalization tends to preserve the environment among citizens living in the city of Tehran.The methodology of this study is a survey. The number of 277 residents in three districts of Tehran, a city of five and fourteen were selected. To analyze the data obtained from the correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used. The findings of the analysis showed that the correlation between the globalization of communications and tends to protect the environment and there is a significant positive relationship.In the case of the environmental findings suggest that the tendency of the subjects in the three levels of cognitive, emotional and behavioral (in both the intervention and participation) were measured, and consequently enhance the enjoyment of Communications the tendency to increase global environmental protection.For them, what the environment is not something that simply pass it to the problems of the environment seems to be the development trend of imports and what it part of the environment, victims of the extension of the industry to be the analysis of environmental increased public attention is environmental issues that affect them. However the sensitivity of public opinion may be raised by the media and communications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Impact of Globalization on the Tendency of Citizens to Protect the Environment Experimental Communications Tehran Residents
Maryam Rezaee Seyed Yaghoob MoosaviWith increasing environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction, growing attention and concern of the community understand the causes, consequences and ways to reduce it. Several factors are involved in reducing threatening conditions above. This study emphasizes the MoreWith increasing environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction, growing attention and concern of the community understand the causes, consequences and ways to reduce it. Several factors are involved in reducing threatening conditions above. This study emphasizes the role of media and communication studies globalization tends to preserve the environment among citizens living in the city of Tehran.The methodology of this study is a survey. The number of 277 residents in three districts of Tehran, a city of five and fourteen were selected. To analyze the data obtained from the correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used. The findings of the analysis showed that the correlation between the globalization of communications and tends to protect the environment and there is a significant positive relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Position of Mass Communication Media in Environmental Ethics and Attitude
Avin habibiReviewing the environmental status reveals that unawareness or disregard of human for the environment, due to lack of scientific or expert training, wrong environmental attitude and behavior, lack of environmental responsibility and generally lack of knowledge and envir MoreReviewing the environmental status reveals that unawareness or disregard of human for the environment, due to lack of scientific or expert training, wrong environmental attitude and behavior, lack of environmental responsibility and generally lack of knowledge and environmental literacy are some of the most important and effective causes of environmental pollution and destruction. Education and mass communication media as two essential pillars have a significant role in protecting the environment. Environmental education is the most basic method of the environmental protection that provides a platform for promoting the effective awareness. Access to information through the media is the first step in environmental education process. Nowadays, among the educational tools, media is a strong and effective educational tool that has a significant role in order to modify human behavior and publishing the habits and cultural values, socialization, changing attitude and environmental behavior. Mass communication media as a complement to the formal educational institutions, can educate audiences in the field of environmental protection in direct or indirect ways and become an inseparable part of the education and learning process. Accordingly, survey the position of mass communication media in environmental ethics and attitude is the main objective in this article. So the books and viewpoints of the experts have been studied in this descriptive article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Analysis of The Role of Art - Media Animation in Environmental Protection Educations
Gholamhossein i KaramThe constitution of the i.r of iran (article 50) explicitly consider to protection of environment as a public duty, but despite these legal clarity, environmental condition is worrying in iran. Otherwise informational and communicational media have excellent role in edu MoreThe constitution of the i.r of iran (article 50) explicitly consider to protection of environment as a public duty, but despite these legal clarity, environmental condition is worrying in iran. Otherwise informational and communicational media have excellent role in education, lifestyle and social behavior modification. This article is a qualitative and descriptive reaserch that study the role of media especially media – art animation in environmental education and try to investigating the importance of this educational approach to persuasion and encourage the audiences for conservation and development of environment. Although communicational capabilities of animation is somewhat unknown in our country, but its impress in environmental education become every day more explicitly. This article meanwhile state of animation features and its produce strategies for environmental education, offer to experts of animation and environment establishe studies toward designing, production and evaluation of educational animations in the field of enviroment and natural resource with formation of joint working groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Study of Life Quality Mental Indices in the Communities (Case Study: District 18 of Tehran)
Soheila Halajian Farah HabibQuality of life as one of the basic concepts in the studies of sustainable development is used in various sciences in objective and subjective aspects and has recently entered the Urban Development debates, too. Studies related to this concept differ in several aspects MoreQuality of life as one of the basic concepts in the studies of sustainable development is used in various sciences in objective and subjective aspects and has recently entered the Urban Development debates, too. Studies related to this concept differ in several aspects such as the scale of study, scopes, and methods of measurement used in the assessment of the quality of life, as different methods have been used for the study of the life quality in urban districts. However, no comprehensive framework has yet been presented for the study of life quality based on physical, local and social indices. On the other hand, the quality of life is often measured by using subjective and objective indices, and rarely by using them both. Subjective indices are obtained from surveys of perceptions, evaluations and life satisfaction of urban residents, while objective indices are related to observable facts often obtained from secondary data. In addition, theories and empirical studies of quality of life in its present form have mainly originated from Western societies. The studies in developing countries are significantly low. Similarly, major factors affecting the life quality in developing countries have not been clearly identified. Many attempts have been made in the past three decades to measure the quality of life around the world. Researchers and different institutions have proposed various indices, but it seems that the advantages and disadvantages of each of these indices have not been evaluated by a certain method. Objective indices are measured on the basis of abundance or physical quantities such as income, but subjective indices are measured qualitatively based on psychological responses such as job satisfaction and happiness. Traditionally, in recent past, GDP was used as the only reliable indicator of well-being and economic development. However, there is a broad consensus that the increase in GDP does not necessarily improve the life quality. At present, one of the measurements of life quality has been the Human Development Index used by the United Nations since 1990 which is based on three factors of life expectancy at birth, academic success and real per capita GDP. In this study, we have tried to define the quality of life in the four neighborhoods of HosseiniFerdos, Tolidarou, Behdasht and North Valiasr by using descriptive and analytical methods to present a conceptual model. Indices used for the measurement of the life quality include the quality of the physical environment, quality of the economic environment, quality of the social environment and the quality of communication and transportation. Library documents and field methods were used to collect data based on the answers given to the questions in the questionnaires by 390 people age 16 to 65 in the above-mentioned neighborhoods selected through classification. Dimensions considered in this study are based on the American vision of mental aspects, and SPSS and Amos software were used for the analysis of data. The results indicate that the rate of mental quality in these neighborhoods are below average and it shows the life quality in these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of Sense of Community in Residential Complexes (Case study: Saidyeh complex of Hamadan)
راضیه اسفندیاری صدق مهرداد کریمی مشاور گلرخ دانشگر مقدمAbstract Community architecture, as a novel approach in architecture, has changed throughout ages. This approach has many concepts which have increased and decreased during the times, but the main concept of community architecture has always been the indirect participa MoreAbstract Community architecture, as a novel approach in architecture, has changed throughout ages. This approach has many concepts which have increased and decreased during the times, but the main concept of community architecture has always been the indirect participation of people in designing. Also, public spaces and stability have recently been added to these new parameters. Among three approaches available in the architecture including political, social and psychological ones, the one that is strongly related to community architecture is a fundamental aspect named sense of community. Sense of community is often defined as a feeling of belonging to a group of members. A feeling that shows the members matter to one another and to the group, and a common faith that ensures that the members needs will be met through their commitment to a unity. Sense of community has two important parts. The first part is individual and the second part is collective. Gender, age, education, level of income and ownership are related to the individual level, while membership, influence, Integration and fulfillment of needs, shared emotional connection are related to the collective part. Public spaces are the most important spaces which could increase the sense of community. They are recognized as being accessible to all groups, providing freedom of action for users. Some changes in modern society may lead to a decrease in the sense of community in public spaces of residential complexes. For instance, most of the people do not like to be present in public spaces for participating and using of facilities of them, or technology and media prevent people from being together. In this new condition, the sense of community will slowly disappear. This is a big problem for all countries all over the world. Identifying and creating the conditions that foster and strengthen sense of community within public spaces of residential complex is an important task for us. We can make suitable conditions to encourage people for coming in public spaces of residential complex and share their needs and beliefs through designing methods. The reduction in this context could be empowered by the presence and participation of people. Thus, we classify our data in two tables. The first table shows design methods in community design with behavioral patterns and performance of spaces, and in the second table some methods for making better facilities to public spaces of residential complex presents have been presented. The only residential complex with public spaces in Hamadan is Saidyeh complex. We have divided the site of this complex into some parts, and observe them for 5 months. 65 persons were randomly selected and interviewed about their needs. A table is drawn according to performance of spaces, behavioral patterns, designing methods and style of investigation (interview or observation). This study aims at examining the collected information through a qualitative method and evaluates the selected samples (through targeted sampling) and compares them with table of designed parameters. As a result, we concluded that the climate and culture could affect community architecture in Hamadan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Conceptual Model of Improving the Quality of the Environment in Urban Centers with Emphasizing on Policy of Transportation Demand Management
Mansoureh Fouladi Hamid Majedi Hosein Zabihi Zahra Sadat Saeideh ZarabadiNowadays in Tehran, one of the most important factors that have reduced the environmental quality of the cities historical, cultural, and tourism centers has been the growing number of private cars in the whole city. Especially in the historic city center, where has led MoreNowadays in Tehran, one of the most important factors that have reduced the environmental quality of the cities historical, cultural, and tourism centers has been the growing number of private cars in the whole city. Especially in the historic city center, where has led to increasing problems such as traffic jams and environmental pollution, which reduces the vitality and decrease the quality of the environment in the region and ultimately led to a reduction in tourist attraction to this valuable historical area (which has registered more than 177 valuable cultural-historical heritage as world heritage). Has been hence, the organs affiliated with the city's municipal administration have been implementing various traffic policies in this area to reduce their dependence on personal vehicles. In this research, using the exploratory mixed methods research method, five general dimensions for the environmental quality. Using the confirmatory factor analysis method (CFA analysis method), the effect of the policy was identified Traffic (including two punitive policies: car traffic restrictions, parking, and park management, and two incentive policies: pedestrian development and public transport development) on improving the quality of the five dimensions of transport, socio-cultural, infrastructure-Physical, Environmental and Economic center of Tehran Historical Center. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and 378 people were selected based on the Cochran formula. The questionnaire was distributed in the 12th district of Tehran (according to the historical Tehran (Tehran Safavid). The analysis of the questionnaire was done using Lisrel software. The results showed that it was vital to study five environmental qualities, then transport dimension had the most impact, and the socio-cultural dimension had the least one on the traffic policies applied in the study area. The results also indicate that the development of pedestrian development policy and public transportation development has the most effect on the quality of the public space in the historical center of Tehran. Finally, with the use of two winning traffic policies (pedestrian development policy and public transport development), suggestions have been made to improve vitality and the quality (especially in terms of environmental and socio-cultural dimensions) of the study area is given. The results of the present article are vital because of obtaining through quantitative-qualitative, exploratory research methods, field techniques and libraries, analysis of relevant conceptual models, and the instrumental use of a new social marketing approach in issues related to urban communities. Actually, many of the urban problems and the choice of travel behavioral patterns in Iran are based on the beliefs and unfavorable attitudes of citizens towards the environment around their life and city. Changing these behaviors can provide the grounds for solving traffic problems and reducing intra-city car-based travel, and consequently the realization of improving the environmental quality of urban spaces. As a result, to achieve better success in the proposal and executing the plan and for having metropolitan centers with more vitality, the use of citizen participation policy through the application of social marketing techniques, in implementing the transport demand management policies, confirmed as an optimal alternative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Typology of Sustainable Urban Form and Urban Structure, With a view to Tehran
azadeh gharaei Esfandiar Zebardast Hamid MajediUrban form and spatial structure are important aspects for city surveying and its analysis. Literature review on the concepts of spatial structure, urban form, pattern of the city and etc. indicates variety and diversity of opinion in these areas. Some of the reasons fo MoreUrban form and spatial structure are important aspects for city surveying and its analysis. Literature review on the concepts of spatial structure, urban form, pattern of the city and etc. indicates variety and diversity of opinion in these areas. Some of the reasons for differences in the definition of these concepts as follows: the difference in scales and areas of research, different ways of words translating, different semantic content for similar indicators, view of planner or designer and etc. So the author is looking for detailed analysis and explanation of the concepts of urban form and urban spatial structure. we can find out that the urban spatial structure and urban form in some parts and some variables such as natural landscape, transport infrastructure, communication networks, spatial pattern of land use, morphology of housing, density and etc. have overlaps, but not completely overlapping or following. In other words, if we classify the definitions of these two concepts into three levels: the macro level (metropolitan areas), middle level (cities and regions) and micro levels (neighborhoods and neighborhoods units), at the middle level, the implications of these two concepts have overlaps, so in this scale, the two concepts cab be equated. However at the macro level, the components of urban spatial structure and at the micro level, the elements of urban form can be clearer to explain the issue. Although some researchers use urban spatial structure for micro scale or urban form for macro scale, but in this article, by analysis of comments of majority of experts, it has been argued that the concepts of urban form and urban spatial structure at the middle scale equally, the components of urban form at the micro scale and the elements and variables of urban spatial structure at the macro scale can repaint the nature of urban development issues with a more accurate method. On the other hand, urban form and spatial structure of the city are known as one of the most important sources of environmental, economic and social instability. There are many ways to achieve a sustainable future for urban and regional scales. In this research with an analytical view, the author want to identify how urban form and spatial structure affect Tehran sustainability. In this research, after collecting information and analyzing the spatial layers, using the K-Means Clustering Model and the softwares of GIS and Python, we classified the 22 districts of Tehran into six clusters based on the urban-form and urban spatial structure indicators in the middle scale. The similarities between the form and spatial structure indicators in each of these categories make such categorization and typology meaningful. Also we classified these districts into six clusters besed on the urban sustainability indexes by using K-Means Clustering Model The overlap of clustering in Tehran's districts based on the form and spatial structure indicators and on the basis of sustainability indicators, shows urban form and urban spatial structure factors affect sustainability directly. Determining the extent of this relationship will be important in future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Evaluation of environmental and non-environmental components affecting social resilience in residential neighborhoods (Case study: selected neighborhoods of Babol)
Sogand Vosoughi Rouhollah RahimiSocial resilience refers to the ability of individuals to adapt to changes and represents the community's capacity to respond to crises. The location plays a significant role in the occurrence of social events, thus establishing a close relationship between social resil MoreSocial resilience refers to the ability of individuals to adapt to changes and represents the community's capacity to respond to crises. The location plays a significant role in the occurrence of social events, thus establishing a close relationship between social resilience and location characteristics. By properly designing spatial and environmental components, social elements can be supported in the process of community resilience. A resilient and resistant city is one where residents actively participate in decision-making processes alongside city managers and municipalities, based on their capacities and resources. It is a city that has identified its hazards and implemented appropriate planning and measures to safeguard and support people's lives, properties, cultural heritage, and social capital. Understanding the factors that influence city resilience not only preserves human life but also reduces community costs during emergencies and crises. In other words, a deeper understanding of resilience is crucial for creating sustainable and safe environments.The present study aims to explain the influential factors on social resilience in residential neighborhoods and evaluate its quality in three neighborhoods in Babol. In the first step of the research, we explored the influential factors on social resilience by reviewing the theories and perspectives of various theorists. This phase led to the identification of 11 main components and 31 sub-components. These influential factors were then divided into two groups: environmental and non-environmental components, based on their origins and impact. This approach, which distinguishes our study from previous ones, provides a clear understanding of the different dimensions that contribute to neighborhood resilience. Furthermore, the environmental components were further categorized into three groups: physical, perceptual, and social environments, in line with the theory of resilient places. While social resilience is a broad concept that encompasses various domains, this categorization helps architects and urban planners understand where to focus their efforts and highlights the complexity of the relationship between different components. Subsequently, based on these components, a questionnaire prepared that was distributed in three neighborhoods in Babol: Shahab Nia, Borj Bon and Pir Alam. collected data from 384 complete questionnaires, analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, one-sample t-tests, and analysis of variance. The results of the analyses confirm the influence of all components. Based on the results of analysis, the impact of each component on overall social resilience was determined. The results indicate that among the environmental components, "attachment to place," "sense of security," and "social interactions" had the highest specific values of 3.196, 2.952, and 2.937, respectively. Among the non-environmental components, "awareness and knowledge" had the highest impact with a specific value of 1.949 in the studied neighborhoods. Furthermore, the analyses suggest that the level of social resilience in the Borjban and Piralam neighborhoods is relatively desirable, while it is undesirable in the Shahabnia neighborhood. However, it is also evident that there is a need to improve the physical-social quality in the first two neighborhoods. This means that through the evaluation conducted, it is possible to identify the components that require improvement more clearly and emphasize the consolidation of desirable component conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Role of Environmental Psychology in High-rise Buildings based on Sustainable Architecture Attitude
Abdolhadi Daneshpour Mojtaba Mahdavinia Mohammad Mehdi Ghiai According to the uncontrolled population growth and urbanity and also the increase of immigrations to cities and the lack of appropriate construction areas, the high rising strategy is being promoted. On the other hand, in this type of building, because of high u More According to the uncontrolled population growth and urbanity and also the increase of immigrations to cities and the lack of appropriate construction areas, the high rising strategy is being promoted. On the other hand, in this type of building, because of high user density in a limited area and the considerable use of energy resources during construction and exploitation, sustainable attitude have to be pursued not only in design process but also during exploitation. Since achieving the goals of sustainable architecture is impossible without attention to user’s behavior, the psychological terms and behavioral sciences play the key role. In this regard, few of the researches that have already been done are about the psychological and behavioral aspects of sustainability attitude. In This paper, the role of environmental psychology in sustainable high rise building design is recognized and also in order to promotion of this type of behavior through Maslow pyramid model of needs, the ways and strategies are explored. In the next step, with considering of the role of “attitude” in promoting individual and social behaviors, the strategies of “education” and “resources management” have been presented. Finally, environmental psychology as a basis for motivating sustainable behavior by users is introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Environmental Review in Renovating Dilapidated Urban Areas to Increase Local Security (The Case of Nematabad, 19th Municipality of Tehran)
Hadise Asgari Tafreshi Bahman Adib Zade Mojtaba Rafiyan Seyed Ebrahim Hooseini Physical, economical, social Inattentiveness beside vanished sense of attachment have prepared way for social harms in dilapidated areas. Thus, one of the primary objectives in residential or commercial architecture is preservation of “peace and safety&rdqu More Physical, economical, social Inattentiveness beside vanished sense of attachment have prepared way for social harms in dilapidated areas. Thus, one of the primary objectives in residential or commercial architecture is preservation of “peace and safety” which can solely be achieved through the expansion of physical “security”. Researches have shown that the proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in both the opportunity for crime and fear of crime. Through their involvement in design can influence the creation of safer neighborhoods and communities. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach may pave the way for alleviation and prevention of urban crimes, including dilapidated ones, by using general elements such as mixed land use, provision of predictable routes, proper urban lighting, creation of defensible spaces, etc... . CPTED is part of a comprehensive approach to crime prevention. By emphasizing modifications to the physical environment, it complements community-based policing, Block Watch, and social programs that address some of the root causes of criminal behavior. There are four primary obstacles to the adoption of CPTED. First is a lack of knowledge of CPTED by environmental designers, land managers, and individual community members. For this reason, allocating substantial resources to community educational programs are often required. The second major obstacle is resistance to change. Many specifically resist the type of cooperative planning that is required to use CPTED. Beyond that, skeptics reject the research and historic precedents that support the validity of CPTED concepts. The third obstacle is the perception that CPTED claims to be a panacea for crime that will be used to displace other more traditional approaches rather than a small complementary tool in deterring offender behavior. The fourth obstacle is that many existing built areas were not designed with CPTED in mind, and modification would be expensive, politically difficult, or require significant changes in some areas of the existing built environment. CPTED works best when fully supported by the community. Other key partners include: neighborhood residents: who can make their communities safer through participation in the development and implementation of CPTED-based strategies for crime prevention new home buyers: who can ask for a home built to CPTED principles apartment building managers: who can organize the safety of tenants elected officials: who can encourage the integration of CPTED principles into official plans, zoning by-laws and development permits police officers: who can conduct CPTED assessments in existing neighborhoods and review applications for new developments insurance companies: who can offer discounts for safe designs Nematabad as a dilapidated urban area with vast abandoned lands has crucial problems in terms of crime rate and its spread throughout public areas. Therefore, the present paper with collection of existing data for given area and certain questioners filled out by residents that processed via GIS and SPSS as comprehensible graphic maps, tries to explore complex areas and categorizes their specifications, in addition to introducing their generative factors and the environmental design approach to regularize these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Analysing the Perception Process of Persian Garden's Environment, According to the Echologic Psychological Theory
Azadeh Shahcheraghi During the recent century we've found tensions in man-nature interaction. According to this problem, many of the researchers rethink and reconsider the Persian Garden and the man-nature relationship in it. Most of the researches include two points of view; the fi More During the recent century we've found tensions in man-nature interaction. According to this problem, many of the researchers rethink and reconsider the Persian Garden and the man-nature relationship in it. Most of the researches include two points of view; the first is Subjective-Objective method and the Second includes Phenomenological research method. In this research, the main goal is to analyze the Perception Process of Persian Garden's Environment, on the basis of the Ecological Psychology Theory. In order to analyze the process we use the third point of view which is explained as deductive and inductive category development method, in this research.This study shows that in Persian Garden's architectural order, the main purpose of designing many elements are just to stimulate our five senses (vision, hear, smell, touch and taste) simultaneously. This time’s notion attractions of all senses, according to environmental psychology researches, make a concentration and meditation environment in Persian garden. “Environmental DETACH in Persian gardens can lead us to spiritual ATTACH”, this approach propose a practical solution for architects; how to re-create garden in contemporary language design. The necessity can be understandable when humanbeing face different serious problems in the environment caused by various disorders in the life setting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Principles underlying the meaningful design of typical visual axes: An analytical-comparative approach
Mohammad Reza Pourjafar Ali Reza Sadeghi Improvement of visual – formal qualities of the urban public realm plays an important role in urban design and improving the environmental quality. Identifying, organizing, meaningful design and conservation of visual axes toward typical v More Improvement of visual – formal qualities of the urban public realm plays an important role in urban design and improving the environmental quality. Identifying, organizing, meaningful design and conservation of visual axes toward typical visual values are the key factors influencing the visual – formal quality of the urban public realm. To identify and introduce the global rules governing the meaningful design of typical intra-urban visual axes, this study was devoted to recognition of the common characteristics of such visual axes through descriptive, analytical, comparative methods of research as well as literature review and use of photo documentation. Role of the visual axis in realization of aims and theoretical principles of urban design is also considered. Results of the present study would suggest an emphasis on such necessary criteria as considering the visual axis as system with visual quality, application of topography and level difference in visual axis design, the function of view shed as a public realm which could be used publicly, a desirable constraint and appropriate body elevation to emphasize on the role of visual qualities in visual axis design, consideration of role of behavioral place in visual axis design, amplification of invitation through some specific function of the body or the end element, and employing the characterized ecological elements in design and improvement the visual axes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - A Comparative Study of Office Park and Sustainable Urban Development Approaches
Zahra Mosharzadeh Mehrabi Sina Sabri Soheil Sabri The application of sustainability theory, as one of the new approaches, has enjoyed the spotlight among many of urban pioneers and scholars. This research intends to study the possibility of utilizing the sustainability theory in an executive framework and its di More The application of sustainability theory, as one of the new approaches, has enjoyed the spotlight among many of urban pioneers and scholars. This research intends to study the possibility of utilizing the sustainability theory in an executive framework and its direct application in urban plans. In this regard, the location allocation viewpoint of Office Parks, as one of significant executive policies in Iranian provincial authorities, is evaluated. The research method is divided in two stages. The first stage is comprised of a descriptive method in identifying the meanings and epistemology of sustainable development as well as office park approaches. Then in second stage the research introduces some indicators in both approaches and evaluates them using a comparative method. Four criteria of economic, environmental, physical, and social considerations are compared in two approaches. Ultimately, the result reveals a satisfactory accordance in almost all of the criteria within the sustainability and office park viewpoints. The highest conformity is in environmental considerations and the least is defined in physical features. Notwithstanding, there are some executive limitations that are highlighted in this research. It is believed that by removing of those barriers the optimum benefit can be achieved in the allocation of office parks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluating the Effects of Architectural Aspects on Student Sociability (Case Study: Tehran University)
Sayed Ali sharifiyan Hossein Moradi Nasab Maryam Ghalambor Dezfuly Vadihe Molasalehi -
Open Access Article
43 - Assessing Roles of Environmental Quality on the Students' Mental Health (Case Study: Students Of Arak Sama High School, Islamic Azad University)
Marjan Khanmohamadi -
Open Access Article
44 - Role of Environmental Dimensions on well-being: Qualitative Approach
Sakineh Maroofi Mojtaba Valibeigi Neda Safari Maryam Sereshti -
Open Access Article
45 - An Examination of the Sexuality Meaning in the Female Students and Relation with the school-level environment (Case Study: Secondary Schools in Baneh)
Sarieh Zareiaan Lida Balilan Dariush Sattarzadeh Parisa Hashem pour -
Open Access Article
46 - Role of the Third Place in Recognition of Environmental Perception Theories
Mohammadreza Mohammadi Vosough Toktam Hanaee -
Open Access Article
47 - Elevated Highways in Residential Layouts: The Imposed Negative Impacts (Case Study: Sadr Elevated Highway)
Marjan Khaleghi Jahanshah Pakzad -
Open Access Article
48 - Neighborhood Environment Quality Improvement with Community Participation Approach by Participation, Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) (Case study: Cyrus Neighborhood, Tehran, Iran)
Mostafa Tavana Mina Sufi Neyestani -
Open Access Article
49 - A Study of the Perspectives of Architecturale and Environmental Psychology (Theoreticians and Psychologists)
Seyedeh Marzieh Tabaeian Alireza Einifar -
Open Access Article
50 - Pedestrian Area Design to Promote Social Interaction (Case study: Isfahan Khajoo Neighborhood)
Elaheh Naghibi Farah Habib Amirhossein Shabani -
Open Access Article
51 - The Environmental and Social Manifestation of Islamic-Iranian Urban and Architectural Configuration
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani -
Open Access Article
52 - Applying design ideas to promote security of urban spaces
Abbas Yazdanfar Sepideh Ghaemmaghami Paniz Ahmadpour -
Open Access Article
53 - Investigating the Effects of Environmental Factors on Office Buildings’ Indoor Environment Quality in Iran’s Cold Climate (Case study: Kermanshah)
Maryam Ansarimanesh Nazanin Nasrollahi -
Open Access Article
54 - Codification of Sustainable Development Indicators in New Town of Iran: A Practical Municipal Level Approach
Mahsa Faramarzi Asli Seyed Majid Modidi Shemirani -
Open Access Article
55 - The Role of Class Scale in Promotion of Students’ Participation in Active Learning Process (Case Study: Male Students of a Secondary School in Shiraz)
ali akbar heidari Yaghowb Peyvastehgar Saeed Gandomkar -
Open Access Article
56 - Identifying national strategies that have an impact on the development of environmental culture in sports organizations
Seyed Farzad Mirhosseini Seyyed Mustafa Tayibi Thani حیدر لطفی افسانه روحانیThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of environmental culture development in sports organizations. The research method is descriptive-analytical and considered applied research. The Delphi method was used in the qualitative research to identify the fa MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of environmental culture development in sports organizations. The research method is descriptive-analytical and considered applied research. The Delphi method was used in the qualitative research to identify the factors affecting the development of environmental culture in organizations and to develop a questionnaire for the quantitative section. In the quantitative section, the results of the Delphi method were used to design a questionnaire to examine the level of development and implementation of environmental culture in the statistical population. The qualitative statistical population included all environmental culture specialists in organizational settings, where 20 people from 6 organizations were selected using snowball sampling. In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of employees of sports organizations, professors, and PhD and Master's students in sports management at the Islamic Azad University. Based on random sampling and the Kargar-Jessy and Morgan table, 297 people out of the statistical population (1300 people) were selected as the study sample. The research findings in the qualitative section identified 43 effective variables in the development of organizational environmental culture, which in exploratory factor analysis were classified into six main factors, explaining 65.34% of the total variance. The results also showed that all of these factors are effective in the development of environmental culture. Finally, suggestions were made for further development of these factors in the direction of environmental culture development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Solving a new mathematical fuzzy multi-objective for supply chain of based on fuzzy necessity measure.
Alireza Mansori sulaiman Iranzadeh Abdollah HadiThe Supply Chain is considered a necessity for the success of organizations seeking the most economic, environmental and social impacts. In addition, the implementation and suitable execution of this supply chain seems to be necessary. Considering the importance of the MoreThe Supply Chain is considered a necessity for the success of organizations seeking the most economic, environmental and social impacts. In addition, the implementation and suitable execution of this supply chain seems to be necessary. Considering the importance of the social impacts of this supply chain, a fuzzy multi-objective mathematical model is provided such that, in addition to considering the environmental and economic impacts, social impacts are also considered. In order to approximate the provided model to real-world conditions, some parameters are considered under conditions of uncertainty and in the form of triangular fuzzy numbers. A two-step method is provided to solve the proposed model. In the first step, the model converges to a determinate multi- objective problem using the necessity measure and in the second step the model is solved using the cumulative function method .Finally, to show the applicability of the proposed method, a real industrial case study is provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Most Productive Scale Size with Environmental Factors in Data Envelopment Analysis
Hajar Haghighatpisheh Sohrab Kordrostami Alireza AmirteimooriNowadays, evaluating the efficiency of entities and knowing how resources should be organized is a significant aspect in order to achieve optimal results. One of methods for the performance evaluation is data envelopment analysis (DEA). Also, one of the important DEA to MoreNowadays, evaluating the efficiency of entities and knowing how resources should be organized is a significant aspect in order to achieve optimal results. One of methods for the performance evaluation is data envelopment analysis (DEA). Also, one of the important DEA topics is the most productive scale size (MPSS) estimation. Due to the presence of undesirable factors in the production systems, models are suggested in this paper for evaluating MPSS and determining the largest and smallest MPSS (nearest and farthest points of MPSS) while undesirable outputs with weak disposability are available. Models proposed determine the role of environmental factors in the performance estimation of units. These models can be used in factories, hospitals and as well as environmental protection for continual monitoring on the environmental situation affected by industrial activities and also showing the impact of environmental factors in measuring the efficiency. We use data from the Chinese industry to present the theoretical results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Compensation of Environmental Damages in the View of Civil Law
Flora Heidari Naser GhasemiThat men need to enjoy the environment health and appropriate and desirable environmental scope in all respects so as to maintain their lives has been long construed by national, transnational and international rules and regulations as one of the undeniable and indisput MoreThat men need to enjoy the environment health and appropriate and desirable environmental scope in all respects so as to maintain their lives has been long construed by national, transnational and international rules and regulations as one of the undeniable and indisputable social and life rights. Civil law is one of the criteria, which underline the necessity of responsibility of conservation of the environment. If men look for the healthy environment, they should then look for techniques that guarantee prevention and Compensation of damages to the environment that undoubtedly, the enjoyment of legal techniques, in general, and the exertion of civil liability, in particular, should be underlined. The acceptance of the civil liability arising from the damages caused to the environment and its various aspects and components as well as the obligation of the perpetrators of such damages to compensate them are deemed as one of the effective legal and supportive actions for this common legacy of the humanity. And with the damage elements being realized, one may demand the compensation of the damages to the environment of their perpetrators through a civil action in addition to the existence of criminal liability. And finally, with this liability and its obligations being accepted, future damages to the environment may be remarkably prevented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - International responsibility in environmental low
Seyed Abbas Poor Hashemi Maryamalsadat MoosaviAccording to the international law of responsibility, a state whose acts or omissions are against the international regulations is obliged to redress the damages to the injured state or states. In fact, breach of any obligation in the international law incurs responsibi MoreAccording to the international law of responsibility, a state whose acts or omissions are against the international regulations is obliged to redress the damages to the injured state or states. In fact, breach of any obligation in the international law incurs responsibility. The most important point regarding the international environmental law is its different aspects and expansiveness of the issues specifically issues with exterritorial nature like borderline pollutions and international destructions. The world needs a serious cooperation at the time of tremendous and sudden problems regarding the international environmental issues. Even today, the world`s leaders have transferred the environmental issues from marginal and sidelong sections towards their main political agenda. On the other hand, the international law researchers have been dealing with creating the rules regarding states` responsibility and commitments, especially on accountability regarding destruction and borderline pollutions and meanwhile the states have been dealing with issue according to the responsibility system by expanding the international agreements with the purpose of preventing the activities obnoxious for the environment. On the other hand, establishing the international criminal court is one of the considerable international activities in criminal support of the environment. But despite the fact that the international responsibility has a considerable position in the international law, this issue has been vague in the international environmental law and redressing the damages; however in the recent years it has been developing Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Legal Regime for Environmental Protection of International Watercourses by Emphasis on the Strait of Hormuz in Iran
Seyed Abbas Pourhashemi Akram Nemati Flora HeidariIn the view of geopolitics and international law, international watercoursesare very significant in international relations. So, the environment of thesewatercourses should be protected. Using available resources at internationalwatercourses and protecting their environ MoreIn the view of geopolitics and international law, international watercoursesare very significant in international relations. So, the environment of thesewatercourses should be protected. Using available resources at internationalwatercourses and protecting their environment are important issues ofmodern international law. Watercourses including lakes, rivers, andinternational straits are located among two or more countries. Internationalstraits are important components of international watercourses which arebasically used for commercial and military shipping not only by coastalstates but other countries. Therefore, legal status of the Strait of Hormuz asan international strait is affected by the law of international watercourses.So, in this paper, authors have studied on environmental protection ofinternational watercourses by emphasis on the Strait of Hormuz. By regardto strategic importance of the Strait of Hormuz for Iran, and its geopoliticalrole, in first part of this document, Possibility of blocking the Strait ofHormuz has been deliberated, and in second part, it has discussed aboutenvironmental protection of the Strait of Hormuz by considering soft andhard law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - mplementation of the Precautionary Principlein International Environmental Law
Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi Ali ZareInternational environmental law as a branch of public international law, above all, is based on the pre-emptive rights and caution. From the perspective of international environmental law,the formulation, adoption and implementation of environmental rules and regulation MoreInternational environmental law as a branch of public international law, above all, is based on the pre-emptive rights and caution. From the perspective of international environmental law,the formulation, adoption and implementation of environmental rules and regulations, intended to protect the global environment with an emphasis on the precautionary approach. Therefore, the international community has been trying to find the solution to protect the environment and prevent environmental damage causing from industrialization and economic growth. In this context, the precautionary principle is one of the basic principles of international environmental law that has been emphasized by number of legally binding and non-binding documents. However, implementation of this principle has always been faced with technical difficulties and legal problems. This study aims to investigate the legal basis of this principle, to show some of the obstacles and possible solutions to remedy legal gaps arising from implementation of the precautionary principle Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Economic Growth, Human Development and Environmental Pollution in the Selected Countries
منیره Dizji سلماز Gholami nejadThis research examines the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth of selected countries. We used panel data and employed the environmental hypothesis of Kuznets, for 22 countries for the period 2005-1997. In this study, the level of water conta MoreThis research examines the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth of selected countries. We used panel data and employed the environmental hypothesis of Kuznets, for 22 countries for the period 2005-1997. In this study, the level of water contamination is used as an index for pollution and GDP per capita for economic growth. The adjusted human development index that includes many social variables such as health, political rights, civil liberties, adult literacy are also considered. Other variables include theindustrial value-added share of GDP, population density and the degree of economic openness .The results show that:There exist an inverted U relationship between pollution and economic growth, which confirms the Environmental hypothesis of Kuznets.Environmental pollution has a negative relationship with the human development index and the degree of economic openness.Environmental pollution has a positive relationship with industrial value-added.JEL Classification: O15,O40,Z19 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Environmental Indices and Their Role in Sustainable Urban Development in Tehran Metropolis
Mehrdad Nababaksh Hashem Aram Mehdi Mokhtarpour -
Open Access Article
65 - The Impression of Water Crisis in National Security
Mohammad Hassan Nami Homa Vaezi Masoomeh Rezaei Nejad -
Open Access Article
66 - Designing model of Drug use based on Individual and Environmental Determinants
Roghayeh Alaei Mohammad Ali Sepahvandi Ezatollah Ghadampour -
Open Access Article
67 - Sociological Explanation of Environmental Behavior based on Lifestyle
Farzaneh Farhadian Babadi Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Mostafa Azkia -
Open Access Article
68 - Internet of Things (IOT) and Sustainable Development Focusing on Its Environmental Effects (Case Study: Denmark)
Babak Goldouzian Mohammad Soltanifar Seyed Ali Rahmanzadeh Soroush Fathi Sara Mohammadpour -
Open Access Article
69 - The Role of Middle-aged and Elderly people in the Sustainable Development of Taleghan and its Suburbs
Soosan Doostali Ghomrudi Majid Radfar Zahra Sadat Moshir -
Open Access Article
70 - Investigation and Comparison of Available Models for Green Hospitals’
Yousef Shaabani Ali VafaeeNajar Ellahe HooshmandIntroduction: Green Hospital is a hospital that improves people's health by continues reducing environmental impacts and meets its share of the burden to disease. Since there is no single and the same pattern of green and healthy hospitals sothe aim of this study was to MoreIntroduction: Green Hospital is a hospital that improves people's health by continues reducing environmental impacts and meets its share of the burden to disease. Since there is no single and the same pattern of green and healthy hospitals sothe aim of this study was to determine the patterns in green hospital in the world by systematic review. Methods: This study is a comprehensive review and search the site by reputable domestic and foreign institutional and electronic databases was conducted in order to identify patterns green hospital. Results: There are seven green hospital management models for each specific dimensions of their own. There is a large overlap between these models, indicating the importance of some aspects of hospital green. Patterns include: BEPHS, GGHC, USGBC, LEED, ISO14000, SHT, PAHO and GGHH respectively. Conclusion: Overlap in terms of energy efficiency, water efficiency and waste management patterns were observed in all other aspects could be due to differences in location patterns and different organizations providing organizations needs to be mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Assessment of Technical Efficiency of Comprehensive Health Services Centers of Hamadan by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in 2019
aslani aslani farzaneh aslaniIntroduction: Organizations are not able to develop the effectiveness of their collective wisdom without the voluntary willingness of individuals to cooperate. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of hospital social responsibility on organizational MoreIntroduction: Organizations are not able to develop the effectiveness of their collective wisdom without the voluntary willingness of individuals to cooperate. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of hospital social responsibility on organizational citizenship behavior with the mediating role of identifying organizational opportunities and environmental performance. Methods: The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research was made up of managers and experts of a public hospital in Isfahan city (300 people), and some of them (164 people) were studied by simple random sampling method. The tool of data collection was a questionnaire, and the validity of the structure was examined through the professors and its reliability was examined by Cronbach's alpha test. Analysis of research data was done through structural equation modeling using SPSS and PLS software. Results: Based on the obtained results, the measurement indices of each of the scales used at the 5% confidence level were greater than 1.96, which indicates that the observed correlations are significant. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the findings, it is suggested that in order to gain the trust of the human force and strengthen the spirit of risk-taking, the managers should seek to reduce the factors that cause nervous pressure and reduce formal and completely political behavior to the lowest possible level. Accept differences of opinion easily in the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Evaluation of Components of Environmental Quality in Hospital, From a Naturalistic Perspective (Case Study of Shariati Hospital, Tehran)
masoomeh Alereza Amiri Farah Habib Azadeh ShahcheraghiIntroduction: The physical environment of the hospital includes elements that are upgraded, from a naturalistic perspective improves the quality of the treatment environment as well as better perception and satisfaction of users. Therefore, this study aims to improve th MoreIntroduction: The physical environment of the hospital includes elements that are upgraded, from a naturalistic perspective improves the quality of the treatment environment as well as better perception and satisfaction of users. Therefore, this study aims to improve the environmental quality of therapeutic spaces with a naturalistic approach to health and satisfaction. Case study (Shariati Hospital of Tehran) whose physical changes over a period of one year have been in accordance with physical-environmental criteria in order to benefit from green nature Methods: Content analysis method, survey of theoretical perspectives, and in-depth interviews with professionals, practitioners and architects. Finally, a conceptual model was presented regarding factors, physical and non-physical (socio-psychological) environment affecting the quality of public hospital environment. Statistical population was selected by Cochran sampling method with 0.1 coefficient and questionnaire based on Likert's five-choice spectrum. SPSS software and LISREL software, one of the most used structural equation modeling software, were used for data analysis. Result: The results of the research indicate the effects of the components on improving the quality of the environment with naturalistic approach. The inferential statistics section of the present study is used to investigate the research hypothesis and to generally test the conceptual model of research based on data collected from path analysis. Conclusion: The results of the questionnaire survey indicated that physical-environmental factors play an important role in the quality of the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Measuring the Effectiveness of Biophilic Architecture Components on Promoting Patients' Health Characteristics in the Treatment Environment (Case Study: in Mashhad)
seyede maryam moosavi Reza Mirzaei ahmad heydari seyede negar asaadiIntroduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of biophilic design in therapeutic environments in order to improve patients' health characteristics. It may be necessary to rely on biophilic architecture in terms of human-environment interact MoreIntroduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of biophilic design in therapeutic environments in order to improve patients' health characteristics. It may be necessary to rely on biophilic architecture in terms of human-environment interaction to increase environmental quality and psychological impact on patients. Methods: In this study, three main dimensions of biophilic design with its components were assessed in the form of a questionnaire. Participants in this survey included three groups: architects, patients and medical staff, which was conducted in some hospitals in Mashhad. The collected data were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods by SPSS software, t-test and ANOVA test. The aim of this study was to compare the effective factors of biophilic design on the promotion of health characteristics in the therapeutic environment. Result: According to the data and tests performed in all three groups, the rate of direct experience of nature was the highest score of 68%, followed by indirect experience of nature with an impact of 28% and the nature of place and space with an impact of 19%. Demonstrates the high effectiveness of the direct experience of nature commonly shared among groups despite differences. Conclusion: The analytical results of this study indicate that the existence of nature in the human environment has a greater impact and shows the positive relationship between the patient and nature and the improvement of the biological quality of the treatment environment. Therefore, designing a biophilic treatment environment can lead to improved patient health characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Construction and Standardization of Performance Evaluation test of Health, Safety and Environment Management Systems of Industrial Sector Contractors
Hamed Yeganeh hossein Parvaresh mohsen dehghani mahmood soltaniIntroduction: Performance appraisal has always been a fundamental and important process for all organizations, especially for the health, safety and environmental management systems of industrial contractors. The aim of the present study is to construct and determine th MoreIntroduction: Performance appraisal has always been a fundamental and important process for all organizations, especially for the health, safety and environmental management systems of industrial contractors. The aim of the present study is to construct and determine the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire of performance evaluation of health، safety and environmental management systems of steel contractors. Methods: The method of this research is qualitative and quantitative. In the quantitative section، the statistical population included all professors who have research research on the subject، which were selected by the available samples. The collection method in the qualitative section included interviewing and reviewing existing articles. In the quantitative section، the statistical population included all of HSE experts who were selected by cluster sampling of 350 people based on Cochran's formula. The research information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative section. Content validation methods، convergence and factor analysis were used to evaluate the validity of the scale. The reliability of the scale was assessed by internal consistency and purity reliability methods. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 22 and LISREL version 8. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the researcher-made questionnaire consisted of seven factors and its validity was in the range of 80 to 100% and reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.91. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the seven-factor model. This questionnaire was implemented along with the short form of HSE performance evaluation scale for petrochemical contractors، which had a good reliability and validity with 65 items. Conclution: In the present study, a model for evaluating the performance of health, safety and environment management systems of industrial contractors was presented. The developed items are able to evaluate the performance of health, safety and environment management systems of industrial sector contractors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Survey in Curricula Civil Engineering with Respect to Environment
Akramolmolok Lahijanian -
Open Access Article
76 - IFRS or IFRS-Based Domestic Standards: Implications for China’s Future Accounting System
Muhammad Umar Draz -
Open Access Article
77 - The influencing factors on consumer choice behavior regarding green products based on theory of Consumption Values
مهناز کاظمی سید علیرضا سید صالحیAbstract This paper contains the theory of consumption values to determine the influence factors on consumer choice behavior regarding green products, and examines whether are significant differences in consumption values and choice behavior between consumers whit diffe MoreAbstract This paper contains the theory of consumption values to determine the influence factors on consumer choice behavior regarding green products, and examines whether are significant differences in consumption values and choice behavior between consumers whit different outlooks on environmental concerns .This paper proposed definitions today on customer perceived value of green products deals. Research method was descriptive survey, the health of consumers and detergents were randomly Qazvin 472 people responded price - the social - emotional value - the value and meaning of epistemological were provided. Social value and the highest quality effects on consumer choice behavior towards green products were not worth the price to the consumer of utmost importance. The results indicate that consumers are looking for quality and freshness of a certain social consent is not sensitive to the high price of green products. These restrictions can be no real knowledge of green products as consumers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The effect of Consumer’s received value, effectiveness and risk on Purchase Intention of Green Products (case study: Islamic Azad University,Science and Research Brand student’s)
عادله سمیعی زفرقندی shahnaz nayebzadeh hassan dehnaviThe aim of this study was to examine the factors influencing consumer intention to buy green products ( organic products) among young people. Using variables conscious consumer buying behavior, perceived effectiveness of consumer, environmental concerns, green perceived MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the factors influencing consumer intention to buy green products ( organic products) among young people. Using variables conscious consumer buying behavior, perceived effectiveness of consumer, environmental concerns, green perceived value, green perceived risk, as the independent variable and the dependent variable intention to buy green ( organic), The research model is formed. The present research, the purpose, according to the methodology applied, descriptive survey using questionnaires and required data is collected. The population study are student of Sciences and Research Islamic Azad University of Tehran and random sampling method was used and collected a total of 400 samples accepted . Data analysis was performed using software SPSS , LISREL and The results show that Variables, perceived value conscious behavior Perceived by the consumer as well as the effectiveness have a positive impact on the intention to buy green( organic) And perceived risk and environmental concerns are factors that have a negative impact on the intention to buy green. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Investigating the Impact of emotions on the Intention to buy customers of Green Products (Studied case: Students of the Islamic Azad University of Kashan)
alireza naalchi kashi Seyed Mohammad Tabataba’i- NasabPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the intention to purchase green products. For this purpose, a total of 450 students from the Islamic Azad University of Kashan took part in this survey. Methodology: The research method was app MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the intention to purchase green products. For this purpose, a total of 450 students from the Islamic Azad University of Kashan took part in this survey. Methodology: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of analysis, it was of the scaling type. The data collection tool and sampling for the questionnaire were done randomly and to determine the sample, the Cochran formula was utilized. This study used the SPSS software to analyze the descriptive statistics (demographical factors) and through the software PLS, the connection between the variables was investigated by structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicated that environmental beliefs affect environmental concern and there must be a positive relationship between them. Also, the increase in environmental concern leads to an increase in the attitude to consume green products, and finally an increase in the consumers' intention to purchasing green products. Furthermore, an increase in environmental concerns also increases positive emotions, which in turn increases the consumers' will to purchase green products. Finally, with increasing environmental concerns, negative emotions increase. But the effect of negative emotions is on reverse purchasing intention. Research Limitations: The tested model now uses purchase intention as a result variable instead of real purchase, and in practice, it will be difficult to develop a research framework in a controlled real behavior. Managerial Implications and Originality/Valve: Investigating the role of positive and negative emotions on the intention of purchasing green products helps marketing managers up to by correct identifying consumers' emotions can designing appropriate strategies for encouraging them to use green products. Keywords: Environmental Beliefs, Environmental Concern, Positive Emotions, Negative Emotions, Attitudes toward Green Products, Theory of Reasoned Action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The relationship between managerial, technical and environmental factors with the desire to accept e-business among small and medium enterprises distributing pharmaceutical products in Tehran
Nooshin Tavili Mohammad Reza Ramezani QomiPurpose: In recent decades, with the advent of the Internet, e-commerce has become a tool for organizing the business model but in the meantime, the e-business world is so confusing for many newcomers. What the researcher considers is a survey of a number of factors inf MorePurpose: In recent decades, with the advent of the Internet, e-commerce has become a tool for organizing the business model but in the meantime, the e-business world is so confusing for many newcomers. What the researcher considers is a survey of a number of factors influencing the tendency among managers or owners of small and medium enterprises in the field of acceptance of electronic businesses. Methodology: The method of this research is based on the purpose, applied and based on the method of data collection, a descriptive survey type. The statistical population consisted of managers of small and medium enterprises distributing pharmaceutical products in Tehran. Accordingly, the sample size is considered by the Cochran formula, 196 people. Due to the difficulty of accessing the managers of these companies, a non-random sampling method was used to select the statistical sample. The data-gathering tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by calculating the CVR index and calculating the Cronbach's alpha to determine its reliability showed that the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. Structural equation modeling and Smart Plus software then analyzed data. Findings: The results of the test of ten hypotheses in this study showed that there is a significant relationship between managerial support, organizational management support, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, with a willingness to accept business. Among the technical factors, the perceived advantages and the relationship between environmental factors, suppliers' pressure and customer pressure, have a significant relationship with the acceptance of electronic business. Research Limitations: In this research, with limitations such as cross-sectional research that limits the ability to generalize outcomes, the lack of a fully relevant internal study for full coverage of the literature and theoretical framework. The most important limitation of this research can be the work and intellectual engagement of the respondents as the statistical population of the research. Therefore, the data collection by the researcher's efforts to understand the goals and potential benefits of research for them to increase the accuracy of answering questionnaire questions and lack of time free respondents were a lengthy process. Originality/Value: This study is in the subject of innovation; based on researcher's research in internal research bases, studies or studies on identifying factors affecting the behavioral tendencies of small and medium-sized enterprise managers in the field of accepting electronic businesses were not observed. Therefore, due to lack of observation of such a study, the present research can be considered as an innovation subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The effect of personality factors and environmental facilitators on entrepreneurial motivation
Hassan Majididizaj kianoosh khosraviObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality factors and environmental facilitators on entrepreneurial motivation in hotel industry. Methodology: This research was descriptive-applied in terms of the nature and purpose of the survey MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality factors and environmental facilitators on entrepreneurial motivation in hotel industry. Methodology: This research was descriptive-applied in terms of the nature and purpose of the survey. The main tool for collecting the required information from the researcher was a questionnaire that was set up in the Likert range as a five-choice option. The statistical population of the research includes all hotel and business staff, accounting, interior, food service staff and experts who have at least 5 years of experience working in a set of travel and tourism hotels, based on the statistics of 700 people as managers and experts and staff. The sections are listed. Based on the Cochran formula and at the error level of 5%, 250 individuals were selected as sample. Due to the availability of the staff list, a simple random sampling method is used in which the chances of selecting each person to answer questions are the same. Data analysis was done at descriptive and inferential levels. At the descriptive level, statistics such as abundance, percentage, mean, mean, standard deviation and tables and columnar graphs were used. The software used was SPSS 24. To test the hypotheses, the structural equation model and Smart PLS V3 software were used. Findings: Descriptive findings showed that all research variables, with the exception of the two variables of creativity and psychological motivation, have an average of more than theoretical average. The results of the hypothesis test also showed that personality factors do not affect entrepreneurial motivation. Personality factors have a positive effect on environmental entrepreneurship environments. Entrepreneurial motivation does not affect personality factors. Entrepreneurship environment facilitators have a positive effect on personality factors. Entrepreneurship motivations have positive effects on environmental facilitators. Entrepreneurship environment facilitators have a positive impact on entrepreneurial motivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Determinants of High Income Customer Satisfaction: Case of Apartment Buyers in Tabriz
H. Vazifehdust H. EmariThis study examined the underlying dimensions of high income customer satisfaction in the apartment industry. For this purpose, researchers developed a model to identify which factors are influential in creating customer satisfaction. The second purpose was to assess sa MoreThis study examined the underlying dimensions of high income customer satisfaction in the apartment industry. For this purpose, researchers developed a model to identify which factors are influential in creating customer satisfaction. The second purpose was to assess satisfaction’s mediating effect in word of mouth building. This research is an applied research and its strategy is causal. The study employed structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis to investigate the causal relationships between quality, cost, and facilities with satisfaction. It specifically measured the way in which consumers’ perceptions of the dimensions of customer satisfaction affected the overall customer satisfaction evaluations. A standard questionnaire was used for collecting the data from a sample of high income customers of apartment industry in Iran. The results from a high income sample indicate that customer satisfaction influenced more by product quality and service quality than other constructs. In addition, the role of customer satisfaction as a mediating factor in the intention of word of mouth is rejected. Present research enriched customer satisfaction building in apartment industry by incorporating the environmental quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Influencing Factors on Consumer Choice Behavior Regarding Green Products Based on Theory of Consumption Values
S. A. Seyed Salehi M. KazemiThis paper contains the theory of consumption values to determine the influence factors on consumer choice behavior regarding green products.According to the different concerns and perspectives that consumers have towards the environment, to examine whether significan MoreThis paper contains the theory of consumption values to determine the influence factors on consumer choice behavior regarding green products.According to the different concerns and perspectives that consumers have towards the environment, to examine whether significant differences in the levels of consumption and consumer choice behavior, there is will. Research method was descriptive survey, the society were the Cleaning and hygiene consumers and randomly472 of Qazvin people responded to the questions. Using the data collected through the questionnaire and analysis of structural equation modeling to assess the impact of each of the so indices choice behavior dealt. And reached the conclusion that the client understands all aspects of the research, including the quality, price, value, social value, emotional value, the value provided and conditional value and epistemological value. Social values and the quality is highest impact ton consumer choice behavior towards green products and worth the price to the consumer is not very important. Our results indicate that consumers are looking for high quality, fresh new products; the acquisition of social satisfaction, special conditions for the purchase of green products and is not very sensitive to the high price of green products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Effect of Consumer’s Received Value, Effectiveness and Risk on Purchase Intention of Green Products (Case Study: Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Brand Students)
A. Samiei Zafarghandi S. Nayebzadeh H. Dehgan DehnaviThe aim of this study was to examine the factors influencing consumer intention to buy green products (organic products) among young people. Using variables conscious consumer buying behavior, perceived effectiveness of consumer, environmental concerns, green perceived MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the factors influencing consumer intention to buy green products (organic products) among young people. Using variables conscious consumer buying behavior, perceived effectiveness of consumer, environmental concerns, green perceived value, green perceived risk, as the independent variable and the dependent variable intention to buy green (organic), the research model is formed. The present research, the purpose, according to the methodology applied, descriptive survey using questionnaires and required data is collected. The population studyare student of Sciences and Research Islamic Azad University of Tehran and random sampling method was used and collected a total of 400 samples accepted. Data analysis was performed using software SPSS , LISREL and The results show that Variables, perceived value conscious behavior Perceived by the consumer as well as them effectiveness have a positive impact on the intention to buy green (organic) And perceived risk and environmental concerns are factors that have a negative impact on the intention to buy green. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Investigating the Impact of Selected Factors on Consumer Green Purchase Intention
A. Nakhaei B. KheiryThe growing global public concern and awareness for safety and preservation of the environment has given rise to the perception that consumer purchases may be somewhat influenced by environmental issues. While green issues and social responsibility are becoming importan MoreThe growing global public concern and awareness for safety and preservation of the environment has given rise to the perception that consumer purchases may be somewhat influenced by environmental issues. While green issues and social responsibility are becoming important to consumers, it is necessary to understand which factors influence on purchase decisions for environmentally friendly products. Considering that purchase intention is known as a good predictor of behavior, the main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of selected factors on consumers purchase intention for green products.The data were collected on a Qazvinian sample using a structured questionnaire. A total of 400 questionnaires were completed and used for data analysis. The data were analyzed applying LISREL and SPSS software. The results reveal that consumer purchase intention for green products affected by green brands, marketing communication activities; attitude based on more marketing communication, environmental knowledge and perceived consumer effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Investigating the mediating effect of environmental management accounting on the relationship between top management commitment and environmental performance, considering the moderating role of risk management
Mohammadreza Fasihi Harandi Amirhossein Taebi Noghondari Mehdi Baharmoghaddam Hadith ZainaliThis study examines the impact of top management commitment on environmental performance. It also considers the mediating role of environmental management accounting and the moderating role of risk management. After applying the restrictions, 67 companies selected among MoreThis study examines the impact of top management commitment on environmental performance. It also considers the mediating role of environmental management accounting and the moderating role of risk management. After applying the restrictions, 67 companies selected among the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The data of research variables have been collected from 2012 to 2021. The regression models used to test the hypotheses and the relationships between variables. The results indicate a positive and meaningful relationship between top management commitment and both environmental management accounting and environmental performance. Environmental management accounting mediates the relationship between top management commitment and environmental performance. The company’s risk management strengthens this relationship as a moderating variable. Therefore, we can conclude that managers' personal commitments to the environment directly related to their environmental actions. Environmental management accounting information helps managers to develop environmental performance indicators. By increasing risk management, managers committed to environmental issues will be able to improve the company's environmental performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Identifying and ranking the challenges of implementing environmental management accounting in hotels
Azadeh Alsadat Torabzadeh Bafghi Mahmoud moeinadin Nasim Shahmoradi Forogh HeyraniAt present, many environmental issues worthy of attention threaten the future of mankind, and therefore, the development of methods and standards to deal with environmental issues in companies and organizations is expanding. Studies that examine the environmental concer MoreAt present, many environmental issues worthy of attention threaten the future of mankind, and therefore, the development of methods and standards to deal with environmental issues in companies and organizations is expanding. Studies that examine the environmental concerns of companies have often focused on manufacturing industries and service companies have attracted less attention. The main goal of this research is to evaluate and rank the challenges of implementing environmental management accounting (EMA) in 3–5-star hotels in Yazd. The research method is survey and qualitative. The statistical population of the research includes specialists and experts in the field of hotel management. Sampling from this community was done purposefully and finally 12 experts were selected. First, by reviewing the literature and theoretical background, the challenges of EMA implementation were identified in the form of 7 main challenges and 45 sub-challenges. A researcher-made questionnaire was compiled with 45 questions related to the challenges of EMA implementation, including technical (6 questions), cultural (5 questions), financial (4 questions), accounting (6 questions), managerial-organizational (13 questions), legal-strategic (7 questions) and individual-psychological (4 questions). The challenges were evaluated with the help of experts' opinions and using the fuzzy Delphi method, as a result of which 16 sub-challenges were extracted and ranked using the definite mean method. Then the main challenges were ranked by the Copeland technique. The results of Copeland's method showed that legal-strategic and cultural challenges are the most important, and individual-psychological challenges are the least important challenges facing the implementation of EMA in hotels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Examining the relationship between corporate controversies and value creation based on the moderating role of environmental, social and corporate governance sustainability
mehdi ershadi zohreh hajiha mojgan safa hosein moghadamEconomic factors based on the economic values of companies are special in terms of comparing a company with other economic companies and the competition of the company. This research has been carried out with the aim of investigating the relationship between corporate c MoreEconomic factors based on the economic values of companies are special in terms of comparing a company with other economic companies and the competition of the company. This research has been carried out with the aim of investigating the relationship between corporate controversy and value creation based on the moderating role of environmental, social and corporate governance sustainability. The statistical population of the current research is all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period from 2012 to 2021. The combined data model used to test the research hypotheses. The software used for analysis is Stata version 14. The results of the research hypotheses test show that the three indicators for calculating the value of value (economic value added, market value added and cash value added) have an adverse effect of corporate controversies. In addition, the results of the research show that companies that have positive results in environmental, social and corporate governance factors generally gain the trust of investors, creditors and shareholders, which in turn reduces the negative impact of the company's controversy on the creation of value by the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Analyzing of financial policy triggers on how the state budget is allocated
Marzieh Afkharian Karmaleh Daneshfard Hajieh Rajabi Farjadbudget of a country reflects the position of the state in the economy, in other words, it is the extent and limits of government`s interference in society, and the proper administration of government finances plays a significant role in improving the economic system and Morebudget of a country reflects the position of the state in the economy, in other words, it is the extent and limits of government`s interference in society, and the proper administration of government finances plays a significant role in improving the economic system and the administrative and management system of the public sector. Purpose of this study was to analyze the triggers of financial policy on allocation of state budget. The research is applied one in terms of the goal, and it is descriptive survey in terms of collecting data. Statistical universe of this research includes the managers and employees of the “plan and budget” organization. They were 100, which are obtained using Cochran's formula of 80 people. Data collection tool was a questionnaire (a total of 47 questions). Its validity obtained through content and structure validity, and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha for each of the triggers of the financial policy including (natural disasters, 0.868; economic crises, 0.915; social evolution, 0.915; environmental changes, 0/922; technological advances, 0/818) and the way of state budget allocation 844/0 has been approved. Data analysis has been done using structural equation modeling and Smart PlS software. Results of the study showed that the analysis of the triggers of financial policy (natural disasters, economic crises, social evolution, environmental changes, and technological advancements) are influential on the way of allocation of public funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Modeling Components and Dimensions of Organizational Performance Evaluation Adapted to Iranian Environmental Conditions
Masoud Bakhtiari Mohammad KashaniPour Reza Gholami Jamakrani Hossein JahangirniaEverything that cannot be controlled cannot be controlled and anything that cannot be controlled will not be managed, so the central issue in all organizational analysis is performance and improvement requires measurement and Therefore, an organization without a perform MoreEverything that cannot be controlled cannot be controlled and anything that cannot be controlled will not be managed, so the central issue in all organizational analysis is performance and improvement requires measurement and Therefore, an organization without a performance appraisal system cannot be imagined. One of the most important tools for measuring performance is the BSC. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop a balanced scorecard model based on the Islamic approach in societies that seek to govern ethical and spiritual values in their organizations. The research method is qualitative (semi-structured interviews) based on grounded theory using maxqda10 software. Sampling was done by snowball method based on 29 interviews. The findings show that a new dimension of social responsibility with the Islamic approach as the most fundamental element in evaluating organizational performance is added to the traditional model. Also based on the research findings, the proposed paradigm model includes causal factors (value environment, realization of strategic goals, decision making, performance management), confounding factors (organizational conditions, macro environment conditions), contextual factors (Islamic worldview, general culture of the country), pivotal phenomenon (organizational performance evaluation in Iranian environmental conditions), strategies (Islamic social responsibility, growth and learning, internal processes, Customer Reverence,financial) and consequences (god satisfaction, excellence Human, organizational efficiency). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Environmental Accounting with Emphasis on Solid Waste Management
Rezvan Hejazi Kimiya EslamiMain goal is following to identify indicators for calculation of environmental expenditures in waste area, with review effective factors to creation pollution and prevention of pollution ways. Such that calculating environmental expenditures and render financial reporti MoreMain goal is following to identify indicators for calculation of environmental expenditures in waste area, with review effective factors to creation pollution and prevention of pollution ways. Such that calculating environmental expenditures and render financial reporting to users. At this research, first classification creation pollution methods and human correlate with this and then distributed questionnaires among decision makers (municipal executives and citizens) and specialist (accountant and specialists of environmental) than by analyzing they and by SPSS could be identify environmental indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Environmental Management Accounting with Integrated Approach for Fuzzy Design in Green Manufacturing by Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
Zahra Pourzamoni Saeed Mashayekhi FardSince 1990, support of environment and green manufacturing was considered as an important item in business. Nowadays, governments and people have concluded that they have to support the process of green production and consumption. The aim of this process is less contami MoreSince 1990, support of environment and green manufacturing was considered as an important item in business. Nowadays, governments and people have concluded that they have to support the process of green production and consumption. The aim of this process is less contamination, low consumption, high quality and optimum utilization of earth resources, in such a way that the next generation would have healthy environment. This issue makes the green design in current competitive environment into a challenge which organizations will face. In this regard, in order to optimum control of raw material consumption, water, energy and fuel, creation and disposal of wastes and residues as well as prevention of environmental pollution, the environmental managing accounting (EMA) tools such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) are used.The purpose of this study is introducing a comprehensive method with integrating concepts of life cycle assessment(LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), by fuzzy analytical hieratically process (FAHP) to measure being green product and green design for assessment the risk of environmental effects and the performance of companies who are active in ceramic and tile production industry. Five specifications proposed by European Union (EU, 2009) for assessment of environmental effects and four traits developed by Sarkis Model (2003) for evaluation organization's performance are used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The Role of Islamic Culture in Auditors' Responsibility and The Quality of Audit in The Iranian Environment
Hossein Reza Ramezani kaveh azinfar Hamid Reza Gholamnia Roshan Reza FallahDue to the importance of promoting the quality of audit, it is necessary to pay attention to high moral and religious standards, including responsibility and Islamic culture. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of Islamic c MoreDue to the importance of promoting the quality of audit, it is necessary to pay attention to high moral and religious standards, including responsibility and Islamic culture. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of Islamic culture in auditors' responsibility and the quality of audit in Iran's environmental conditions. The descriptive-correlation research method is structural equations. the statistical population of the research are all auditors working in auditing institutions who are members of the Certified Accountants of Iran. Considering the size of the unlimited population, with the help of Cochran's formula, the sample size was finally determined to be 380 people. the research tools included innovative questionnaires on auditors' responsibility, the quality of audit and auditor's Islamic culture. The structural equation method was used to analyze the data. The fit indices of the research model were in a desirable condition. The direct effect of accountability on the quality of audit and the mediating role of Islamic culture in the relationship between them were confirmed. Also, the desire to provide the qualified report of audit was the same among auditors with cultural levels (medium and good). It is suggested that Islamic culture and accountability should be considered as a major axis in improving the quality of audit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Explaining environmental Criteria in companies with a phenomenological approach (Case Study: Cement, Lime & Waste Industry)
Roholla Baharloo Mahmoud Moeinadin Forogh HeyraniAt present, managers are under increasing pressure to not only reduce operating costs, but also to minimize the environmental impact of their activities and increase environmental performance. The main objective of this study is to identify environmental factors at the MoreAt present, managers are under increasing pressure to not only reduce operating costs, but also to minimize the environmental impact of their activities and increase environmental performance. The main objective of this study is to identify environmental factors at the corporate level. In order to achieve this, the research was carried out in two separate phases during the years 2018 and 2019.First, after studying the theoretical foundations of the research, a descriptive phenomenological baroque qualitative research method was used, based on the experiences of people involved in the field of research. Secondly, in order to confirm and meet the identified criteria, data analysis was performed by designing a questionnaire and conducting a survey of scientific experts.The result of the study is to identify 20 criteria and classify them into 4 general categories and in the second stage to confirm and fit the general structure of all instances using structural equation technique and factor analysis test. The research findings are effective in identifying and understanding environmental standards and adhering to them at the corporate level, developing environmental accounting standards across industries and encouraging organizations to implement green accounting and will have desirable consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Investigating the Effect of Environmental Factors on Governmental Accounting Reform Process in Iran by Contingency Model
قدرت الله طالب نیا بتول زارعیAny military transformation requires knowledge of environmental factors areinfluencing the system. Accounting system of government of Iran is no exception.Therefore the present study investigated the previous literature on this system toExplanation necessary reforms in MoreAny military transformation requires knowledge of environmental factors areinfluencing the system. Accounting system of government of Iran is no exception.Therefore the present study investigated the previous literature on this system toExplanation necessary reforms in public accounting to the adoption of accrualaccounting and finally Through scientific research method, a contingency model, thatis a simplified form of the international contingency model presented by ProfessorLüder (FMR), to explain how environmental factors effects on innovation and reformprocess, has provided. Survey finding indicates the fact that government accounting isnow on the verge of a fundamental transformation. Increasing demand for moreinformation, after proposed reforms of public sector management, including legalrequirements concerning operational budget, is the primary driver of thistransformation. The model for predicting future trends of reform in Iran has also beenused, to confirm the predictive power of the model is provided by the Lüder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Designing of model of innovative environmental functions for the development of business functions with fuzzy approach (Case Study: Tehran Stock Exchange pharmaceutical companies)
Hasan Valiyan Mohammad Reza Abdoli Shabnam KarimiEnvironmental changes and technological growth have made companies change their focus and strategies towards innovative environmental performance in order to succeed in a competitive world. The purpose of this research is Designing of model of innovative environmental f MoreEnvironmental changes and technological growth have made companies change their focus and strategies towards innovative environmental performance in order to succeed in a competitive world. The purpose of this research is Designing of model of innovative environmental functions for the development of business functions with fuzzy approach Tehran Stock Exchange pharmaceutical companies. The method of this research is a combination of which, first, through the critical evaluation method, the critical criteria on the innovative environmental functions of companies with 20 elite partnerships, in the form of five criteria of production, research and development, human resource management, marketing and finance, and 43 Indicators for these criteria were identified In the quantitative method, using the partnership of 30 managers, experts and deputies of various management layers of pharmaceutical companies of Tehran Stock Exchange based on two methods of FDEMATEL and ISM analysis, the identified indicators in the form of internal relations of factors affecting the innovative functions of life An environment using the FDEMATEL technique and structural-interpretive levels of factors influencing the innovative environmental functions was implemented using the ISM method. The results of the study showed that the criterion of production as the most important criterion was determined from the perspective of the internal relations of the factors affecting the innovative environmental functions. In designing the model based on the structural-interpretation model, the most important factor and the lowest level were the development of environmental certification The companies were identified and these factors were determined in ten levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Impact of Environmental Strategy, Environmental Uncertainty and Leadership Commitment on Corporate Environmental Performance: The Role of Environmental Management Accounting
Gholamreza Soleimani Hoda Majbouri YazdiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of environmental strategy of the company, senior management commitment and environmental uncertainty, emphasizing the role of environmental management accounting, on the environmental performance of the company. Th MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of environmental strategy of the company, senior management commitment and environmental uncertainty, emphasizing the role of environmental management accounting, on the environmental performance of the company. This research is based on the structural equation model. Initially, 84 companies with ISO 14001 certificates listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were collected. Then, 176 managers of these companies were randomly sent to the questionnaire. Of these, 152 questionnaires were received. The return rate of the questionnaire was 86 percent. The factor loadings were the mean of variance extracted and the reliability of the analysis of the model for all variables was used. The discriminant validity or mutual validity of all hidden variables in the model was tested using Forner-Larker's criterion and the parity of heterogeneity. The results of this research show that environmental strategies have a significant positive effect on the environmental performance of companies. Environmental strategies have a positive positive effect on the environmental performance of the company through environmental management accounting. The senior management's commitment to organizational environmental performance has a significant positive effect. The senior management's commitment to the environmental performance of the company through environmental management accounting indirect impact Has a positive meaning. Perceived environmental uncertainty has a significant positive effect on the use of environmental management accounting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Evaluating influential factors in Environmental management accounting (EMA) adoption
سیدامین عالمشاهEnvironmental management accounting(EMA) as a management tool assists in improvingfinancial and environmental performance through enhanced environmental accountability.This study accomplished with to focus of attention upon EMA, for to identify factorsinfluencing EMA ad MoreEnvironmental management accounting(EMA) as a management tool assists in improvingfinancial and environmental performance through enhanced environmental accountability.This study accomplished with to focus of attention upon EMA, for to identify factorsinfluencing EMA adoption. For achieving the research objective, established 6 hypothesises.For hypothesises testing, sent questionnaire to key personnel with three different functions(i.e. financial Manager, chief accountant and management accounting headman). After datacoding, those tested and analyzed by T-test. Results indicated 1)Low priority of accountingfor environmental costs 2)Resistance to conventional accounting practices change3)Efficiency or financial considerations 4)Expert member and resource constraints5)Difficulties in collecting or allocating environmental costs 6)External pressure, are factorsinfluencing the decision to adopt, or not to adopt, EMA in mentioned corporations. Finallyprovided suggestions made by this study for EMA adoption. Apart from the theoreticalextension to this area of research, the results and findings of this study supported the uses andapplications of EMA by our industries. Much more can, and should, be done by corporationsin relation to how they account for the environment. This can provide benefits not only for thesector itself, but also for the environment in which we live. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Presenting a conceptual model of strategic environmental performance with an emphasis on strategic management accounting In listed polluting companies
Behzad Jafari Farshid Khirolahi Mojtaba Chavoshani Seyed Hamed FeizjavadianStrategic management accounting is very important in increasing the competitive power and sustainable development of polluting listed companies. The purpose of this research is to provide a conceptual model of strategic environmental performance with an emphasis on stra MoreStrategic management accounting is very important in increasing the competitive power and sustainable development of polluting listed companies. The purpose of this research is to provide a conceptual model of strategic environmental performance with an emphasis on strategic management accounting. In the first stage, English and Persian articles related to the relevant topic evaluated and studied. A Critical evaluation skills program used to evaluate the articles. After identifying the valid articles, strategic management accounting components identified as independent variables, strategic environmental performance components as dependent variables, and environmental strategy components as mediating variables. After this stage, the reliability and acceptance rate of the subsets of each component determined by the fuzzy Delphi method. The intensity of competition has caused companies to use strategic management accounting tools and domestic and international environmental strategies and always improve their environmental performance. Considering the importance of environmental performance, managers of polluting listed companies should include new accounting techniques of strategic management in different dimensions along with suitable environmental strategies in their plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Green Accounting Environmental Discourses and Reasoned Action Theory Argumentation of Virtues of Zagzebski's Theory
behjat abbasi mohammadhamed khanmohammadi zahra moradi Tahereh MahmoodiyanToday's environmental theories and theories have moved away from merely moving in the direction of emphasizing the development of technological infrastructure and focusing on changing the behaviors and attitudes of effective human-individual interaction and companies as MoreToday's environmental theories and theories have moved away from merely moving in the direction of emphasizing the development of technological infrastructure and focusing on changing the behaviors and attitudes of effective human-individual interaction and companies as a collective source of pollution. Green accounting has become an important and significant issue in the field of sustainability in recent years in line with these changes in companies' behavior with the environment. Therefore, in this study, by combining theoretical approaches such as purposeful causal action with the consonance of environmental discourses the first goal examines the role of such actions on environmental norms in the form of corporate intersubjective discourse. On the other hand, by creating an effective interaction of virtue Maabi with purposeful behavioral causal action, this study seeks to investigate the change in the consonance of environmental discourses of capital market companies. In this study, 209 managers of capital market companies were surveyed through simple random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire in order to fit and use of utility model and partial least squares analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that Reasoned Action Theory has a positive effect on Green Accounting Environmental Discourses of capital market companies. On the other hand, Virtues of Zagzebski's Theory was found to reinforce the effect Reasoned Action Theory has a positive effect on Green Accounting Environmental Discourses of capital market companies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Effect of Sustainability Reporting on Reducing Information Asymmetry of Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Farnaz Zia Hamid Reza Vakili Fard Fatemeh SarafIn order to survive in the competitive arena, companies nowadays need to take into account their social and environmental responsibility and their impact on society, and to disclose their information in addition to preserving their financial power. So that all stakehold MoreIn order to survive in the competitive arena, companies nowadays need to take into account their social and environmental responsibility and their impact on society, and to disclose their information in addition to preserving their financial power. So that all stakeholders use that information in their decisions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of sustainability reporting on reducing information asymmetry. Sustainable reporting provides the information needed for different stakeholders by providing information in three areas: economic, environmental and social responsibility. The lack of information asymmetry among stakeholders leads to inefficiency in the capital market. The present research is a kind of theoretical-applied research. In this study, the performance data of 131 companies were investigated by elimination method from the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1390-1390. The scoring checklist is used to measure sustainability reporting in the social, environmental and economic components and the financial analysts' predictive accuracy to measure information asymmetry. The research hypotheses were also tested using multiple linear regression with combined data model. The results of the tests showed that sustainability reporting in these companies was inversely and significantly related to information asymmetry. This means that increasing the sustainability reporting score leads to a decrease in information asymmetry, increasing managers' prediction accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Analysis of the institutional Isomorphic Approach in Providing a Model for Carbon Disclosure Strategies in Financial Reporting of Tehran Stock Exchange Companies
MAHDI vaseei Hasan Valiyan Mohammadreza AbdoliCarbon disclosure is one of the aspects of green accounting in “corporate strategies,” especially those operating across the capital market. Adherence to the disclosure of facts can facilitate sustainable development in societies. The purpose of this researc MoreCarbon disclosure is one of the aspects of green accounting in “corporate strategies,” especially those operating across the capital market. Adherence to the disclosure of facts can facilitate sustainable development in societies. The purpose of this research is Analysis of the institutional Isomorphic Approach in Providing a Model for Carbon Disclosure Strategies in Financial Reporting of Tehran Stock Exchange companies. From a methodological point of view, this research is one of the combined researches which was done with the participation of 16 experts and environmental consultants at the academic level and economic enterprises in the qualitative section and 25 managers of Tehran Stock Exchange companies. Sampling in both target communities was available and homogeneous. In this study, the frequency and the appropriate nature of the three meta-synthesis analysis, Delphi and comprehensive model was used to analyze the structural interpretation. The results in the cross-sectional section, among the 48 related studies, confirmed 14 studies to be validated in the form of critical evaluation analysis, 20 statements and 3 main components. Then, the results in the Delphi analysis section with the aim of reaching the theoretical adequacy showed that out of a total of 20 initial propositions, finally 12 final propositions were approved and entered into the analysis of the comprehensive structural interpretive model. Finally, the results in this section showed that the most effective strategic proposition for carbon disclosure in financial reporting is the proposition of strengthening internal controls for waste control (G1) as a statement of choice and disclosure strategy the most ineffective propositions for the development of environmental culture were identified in order to protect the rights of stakeholders (G2). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Investigating the effect of management ability on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and tax avoidance
sara yousefzadeh JALIL BEYTARI hoddein badeeiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of management ability on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and tax avoidance. In the face of unstable environments, more capable managers with better long-term visions make better long-term decision MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of management ability on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and tax avoidance. In the face of unstable environments, more capable managers with better long-term visions make better long-term decisions and adopt better strategies for adapting to the environment. In this regard, samples including 130 companies listed on the stock exchange during the period 1393-1399 have been selected and tested.This study were analyzed using multivariate regression method. The test results indicate that managerial ability has no moderating effect on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and tax avoidance. The results of this study show that in the face of unstable environments, more capable managers with long-term vision horizon, make better long-term decisions and adopt better strategies to adapt to the environment. So there are fewer tax evasion activities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) Rating, and Stock Price Crash Risk: The Moderating Effect of Financial Constraints
omid faraji javad hoseini Somayeh JahaniStock price crash risk is one of the main concerns of investors since it cannot be mitigated through portfolio diversification. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of (ESG) rating on stock price crash risk. A sample of 129 companies listed on the MoreStock price crash risk is one of the main concerns of investors since it cannot be mitigated through portfolio diversification. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of (ESG) rating on stock price crash risk. A sample of 129 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange was selected and tested for the period 2014 to 2020. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that ESG rating is negatively associated with stock price crash risk. The one-year lag ESG rating had no significant effect on the negative coefficient of skewness, but was negatively associated with down-to-up volatility. In addition, the two-year lag of ESG rating had no significant effect on stock price crash risk. The results also showed that financial constraints have a significant effect on the relationship between ESG rating and negative coefficient of skewness. However, it did not affect the relationship between ESG rating and down-to-up volatility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Expanding of Anthropocene Theory Paradigm in Examining of Corporate Environmental Behaviors on Green Accounting Strategic Consequences
Maryam Shahri Naghi Fazeli mohammadreza AbdoliEnvironmental Changes during the present century, to the extent that even the development of environmental technologies not lead necessarily to control emissions and many thinkers today, in line with the paradigm of Anthropocene theory, consider the change of environmen MoreEnvironmental Changes during the present century, to the extent that even the development of environmental technologies not lead necessarily to control emissions and many thinkers today, in line with the paradigm of Anthropocene theory, consider the change of environmental behaviors as one of the most important factors in preserving the environment on the other hand, they envisage the expansion of strategic consequences in the field of greenery functions for companies as the social decision-making elements of the environment. The purpose of this research is Expanding of Anthropocene Theory Paradigm in Examining of Corporate Environmental Behaviors on Green Accounting Strategic Consequences. In this study, the methodology in terms of the nature of the problem and aim of the study is applied, method of data collection and research tool was a questionnaire survey-correlation. The statistical population in this study is the top managers in the top 50 companies of Tehran Stock Exchange in 1398, which considering that the top managers in this study included two levels of CEO and Executives CEO and less than 100 people, is one of the census criteria. It also was used to model analysis partial least squares (PLS). The results showed that, according to the paradigm of Anthropocene theory, changing the environmental behaviors of companies increases the strategic consequences of green accounting. The result of this study shows, for the realization of the company's performance in the Anthropocene paradigm change in attitude, behavior and practice of ethics as corporate helmsman leads to effective decision-making regarding the reduction of environmental emissions, with the involvement of behavioral characteristics such as good; Strengthen social conscience and intention and increase the level of strategic green accounting implications for companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The Perception of Greenhouse Owners about Environmental, Economical and Social Aspects of Sustainable Agriculture in Iran
S. J. F. Hosseini F. Mohammadi S. M. Mirdamadi S. M. Hosseini -
Open Access Article
107 - The potential of compost-based organic nano-adsorbent (Compost/Fe3O4NPs) for contaminated soil remediation
laleh Ghafghazi Lobat Taghavi Behnam Rasekh Hadi Farahani Amir hesam HassaniOne of the most important emerging pollutants in human health, food safety, and environmental protection challenges is phthalate esters. Among these, the contamination of agricultural soils with the endocrine-disrupting chemical Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has be MoreOne of the most important emerging pollutants in human health, food safety, and environmental protection challenges is phthalate esters. Among these, the contamination of agricultural soils with the endocrine-disrupting chemical Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been confirmed globally. In this research, the DEHP-absorption potential of compost enriched with Fe3O4 NPs was identified. The effects of the sorbent dose in the range of 2–5 g.L-1, 3–11 pH, and DEHP concentration at 5–10 mg.L-1 on absorption efficiency (%) were optimized via response surface methodology in design expert software. The kinetic equilibrium experiment results showed a two-step process, requiring 6 hours of equilibrium time for the exothermic adsorption process at 25ºC. The adsorption process of DEHP fitted best to the pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.9932) and the linear form of the Freundlich isotherm models. In the central composite design, the significant quadratic model was validated and used to predict the interaction of variables (P-value <0.0001, adjusted R2 = 0.9753). The optimum conditions of absorption efficiency (74.173%) were obtained at a sorbent dosage of 4.157 g.L-1, pH 5.85, and a DEHP concentration of 4.88 mg.L-1 with a desirability of 0.987. The comparison of FTIR absorption spectra confirmed the active participation of O-H bands (functional groups of phenol, alcohol, and carboxyl) and primary amine (N-H) in the DEHP absorption through interaction with the oxygen atom of the phthalate ester group (C=O). As a result of its successful and acceptable efficiency, using compost/Fe3O4 NP absorbent based on organic wastes is a low-cost and eco-friendly technique for DEHP removal from sensitive ecosystems and also to improve the efficiency of bioremediation in agricultural soils amended by compost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Study of ecological diversity of some tree microhabitats in managed and unmanaged parcels of deciduous forests) Case study: Mazandaran-ghaemshahr Chaybagh serie parcels 25 and 26)
Majid Isaac Nymvri Komeil GholinezhadProtection of biodiversity is considered one of the global concerns and it needs to manage forest as a complex ecosystem and its vital role in conserving biodiversity have been widely acknowledged. The microhabitats of tree habitats were accurately determined based on t MoreProtection of biodiversity is considered one of the global concerns and it needs to manage forest as a complex ecosystem and its vital role in conserving biodiversity have been widely acknowledged. The microhabitats of tree habitats were accurately determined based on the scale lines in a selective manner and the method selected by Lario et al. The measurement parameters including slope, height, moisture content, temperature, light, and soil texture were measured and consequently the environmental factors affecting micro-habitats were investigated using Pc-ordwin software version 4.5 and multivariate analysis (CCA) test. The results showed that in the control parcel, temperature was directly related to light, slope, height, and soil texture, and the average of light, height, soil and positive correlation in this parcel is more than managed parcel, while in the managed parcel it is opposite. The tree microhabitats in the managed and unmanaged parcels have been created under different environmental conditions. According to the results of the CCA and depending on the type of management measures, the forest can be directed towards the type of management by increasing or decreasing the mentioned environmental factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Investigation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the peripheral sediments of the coral ecosystems of the Persian Gulf islands (Case study: Qeshm, Hengam and Lavan)
Mehdi Soltani Saber Ghasemi Ehsan KamraniThe second richest habitat on the planet after tropical forests is dedicated to coral ecosystems. This ecosystem plays a significant role in balancing the amount of carbon and nitrogen, maintaining coastlines against destruction caused by continuous waves, storms, flood MoreThe second richest habitat on the planet after tropical forests is dedicated to coral ecosystems. This ecosystem plays a significant role in balancing the amount of carbon and nitrogen, maintaining coastlines against destruction caused by continuous waves, storms, floods, creating a marine environment, nutrients for the food chain, and also balancing the delicate system of nature. Today, the extraction, exploitation and transportation of oil have left the biggest role in the destruction of the coral coasts of the Persian Gulf. Samples of marine and coastal sediments of Qeshm, Hengam and Lavan coral islands from a depth of about 0-5 cm were randomly collected according to the MOOPAM method and the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons was measured by UVF device in μg/g of sediment. The texture type of sediments indicated that the highest percentage of fine particles (Silt+Clay) in marine and coastal sediments of Lavan Island is 51.58% and 51.01%, respectively. The average detected concentrations of TPH are lower than the environmental risk background value (4 μg/g). The highest concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons is observed in the marine and coastal sediment stations of Lavan Island, which can be due to the facilities and activities of oil and fishing vessels in this island. Also, the assessment of the environmental risk caused by TPH pollution on aquatic organisms using indicators of sediment quality guidelines (SOGs) and contamination factor (Cf) showed that the investigated sediments do not have any adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms. Exploitation, marine transportation, oil spills and its derivatives are considered as one of the main reasons for the destruction and negative ecological effects on the coral reefs of the Persian Gulf, which this challenge of the need to protect the coastal areas and the environment makes marine life more obvious with a sustainable development approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Rehabilitation of Aquatic Ecosystems Based on environmental water rights upstream of Water Reservoirs with Inlet Flow Prediction Approach (Case Study: Taleghan Dam Basin)
Zahra Nafariyeh Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein Babazadeh Hamid Kardan MoghaddamLimited water resources and increased water demand in recent decades have caused irreparable damage to the country's water resources. One of the important components in surface water optimization and management is long-term and short-term river flow forecasts. The aim o MoreLimited water resources and increased water demand in recent decades have caused irreparable damage to the country's water resources. One of the important components in surface water optimization and management is long-term and short-term river flow forecasts. The aim of the present study is to compare the performance of two Bayesian BN network models with probabilistic approach and MLP neural network. Then selecting the best structural model for flow prediction is another goal of the present study. Monthly meteorological data including precipitation, monthly average temperature, evaporation and. Also, the volume of water transferred from five hydrometric stations entering the Taleghan Dam from 2006 to 2018 was introduced as input data to the models. and runoff to the dam was considered as predictable. Then, with the aim of estimating the best Prediction pattern structure, Input data with different layouts were introduced to the models. In the next step, using the hydrological method of Tennant, The environmental discharge was calculated And the probability of these discharges occurring in the registration data and seventeen patterns in the Easyfit software environment was calculated. Then comparing the selected pattern according to the probability of occurrence and the criteria of the index, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NS), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute prediction error (MAPE) was performed. The best model in BN model with 43.3% similarity and index criteria were estimated to be -3.98, 300, 17.3 and 0.06, respectively. MLP model with 80% similarity and index criteria were introduced as -10.3, 8266, 23.9 and 122.3 in the best model, respectively. As a result, both models performed well in runoff estimation, but comparing the environmental probabilities of the two models in the top five patterns, the BN model has an acceptable accuracy . The basin was also found to be at environmental risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Applications of the life cycle assessment method with the aim of energy conservation in the construction industry
Kiana Rasekh Mamak Salavatian Marzie KazemzadeNowadays, there has been an increasing interest in the study of life cycle assessment in all industries namely the construction industry in developed countries with the increasing awareness of the environmental effects of buildings and the emergence of powerful tools fo MoreNowadays, there has been an increasing interest in the study of life cycle assessment in all industries namely the construction industry in developed countries with the increasing awareness of the environmental effects of buildings and the emergence of powerful tools for their evaluation. Despite various articles have been published in different countries in this field, none of them has focused on the challenges of using life cycle assessment, related studies, and potential solutions to address the challenges. The purpose of this article is to present a systematic report of a comprehensive review of applied studies in the life cycle assessment method in the construction industry to provide a potential solution for future targeted research in this field. The research method of this paper included a brief review of the subject literature to provide an overview of the life cycle assessment method and systematic selection and study of review articles/books to examine the benefits and challenges of life cycle assessment research. By examining the valid research articles from 2000 to 2023 in the collection of ISI articles and Persian scientific research articles, a total of 72 related articles were studied. First, statistical reports on the geographical and thematic distribution according to the variety of factors affecting the life cycle assessment in construction were presented, and then the objectives of the study, fields of action, databases, tools and environmental effects of the published authoritative articles were examined and the strengths and weaknesses of the recent researches were revealed. The findings showed that the use of integrated databases and also the computational principles and coordinated calculator software along with the unification of functional units lad to the alignment of research within the framework of unit standards, as well as the possibility of comparing and expanding the conclusions and as a result, they provide a more comprehensive picture of the environmental effects of construction products and systems for professionals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Environmental education effect on fish farmers’ attitude and behavior to decrease rainbow trout farm’s wastewater pollution
mohammad reza farzaneh maryam larijani mohammad rezvaniAquaculture and environment have considerable interaction impacts on each other. In this study, the effect of education on environmental attitudes and behavior of trout farmers were investigated. The experiment was applicable using a researcher-made questionnaires and e MoreAquaculture and environment have considerable interaction impacts on each other. In this study, the effect of education on environmental attitudes and behavior of trout farmers were investigated. The experiment was applicable using a researcher-made questionnaires and environmental training package. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by the university professors and researchers of Fisheries Organization. Reliability of the Questionnaire with 15 tests showed Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84. The statistical population was included 150 farmers with monoculture farms that their farms’ effluent had been discharged to surface water. The sample consisted of 63 persons in two control and experimental groups. The results showed inappropriate attitude of respondents before offering environmental training package (About 34% correct answers), while their acquaintance was significantly changed after presentation of the training package (p<0.05). Besides, 79% of respondents are not used any wastewater refining methods. However, training package could change behaviors in the experimental group and they announced readiness to wastewater treatment with low-cost procedures. No significant correlation was observed between age, education and aquaculture acquaintance with environmental behavior and attitudes. The results of present study showed that education had an important role in the environmental behavior of coldwater fish farmers, especially to prevent the pollution caused by farms’ waste water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Social Responsibility Impacts on Organizational Performance and Competitive Advantages with Mediating Role of Environmental Supplier Development (Case Study: Manufacturing Firms of Qazvin)
zahra aminafshar mohsen hooshangiThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of corporate social responsibility on the performance of manufacturing organizations with regard the mediating role of environmental supplier development. This study includes 8 industrial parks of Qazvin province with MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of corporate social responsibility on the performance of manufacturing organizations with regard the mediating role of environmental supplier development. This study includes 8 industrial parks of Qazvin province with the 93 sample of manufacturers. This research is based on the structural equation modeling and for the analysis of the collected data we applied partial least squares method. There are 9 hypotheses that the analysis revealed that corporate social responsibility has positive and meaningful impact on environmental supplier development dimensions except supplier evaluation. Also, the related hypotheses to company performance indicate that there are positive relation among environmental supplier development dimensions and financial and competitive advantages, but just supplier evaluation has not positive effect on financial performance of companies. The findings of this study revealed that even though company’s social responsibility is costly and time consuming, but at least in the long time will have a significant impact on performance and community reputation of organizations. The results of this study encourage organizations managers to adhere to their social responsibility towards society and the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Analyzing the effectiveness of Isfahan municipality's cultural environmental advertising in order to provide a model
Diba hashemi fesharaki Reza Ebrahimzadeh akbar etebarian Alborz GhitaniScreening of cultural and environmental advertisements by using the principles of advertisements in the city leads to changing the behavior and making citizens more familiar with the duties and culture of citizenship. The purpose of this study is to identify the effecti MoreScreening of cultural and environmental advertisements by using the principles of advertisements in the city leads to changing the behavior and making citizens more familiar with the duties and culture of citizenship. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective components in the effectiveness of cultural and environmental advertising that uses a combination research method in both qualitative and quantitative phases to provide a model of the effectiveness of cultural and environmental advertising. In the qualitative part, using the seven-step meta-hybrid approach of Sandowski and Barroso, fifteen main components related to "causal conditions"; A key component for the "underlying factors" component; Four main components for the "interfering factors" component; Three main components were obtained for the "strategies" component and six main components were obtained for the "consequences" component. The reliability of 0.72 was confirmed by evaluation among validation experts using Fleiss kappa coefficient. In the quantitative section, fourteen samples of advertisements of the Citizenship Culture Committee of Isfahan Municipality were presented to 589 people to confirm the qualitative findings in order to evaluate the components of the effectiveness of cultural advertisements. The validity of the questions was confirmed by experts and the reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha 0.87.The results showed that the components of using creativity, proper selection of content, repetition, location and position of the advertisement are among the important factors for presenting an effective cultural advertisement Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Study of Women's Entrepreneurship in the Manufacturing Centers of Tehran and Suburbs
دکتر مهرداد نوابخش مرضیه زارع هرفتهThe concept of entrepreneurship is rapidly gaining importance and recentlywomen's entrepreneurship has attracted many people around the world. Womenthrough entrepreneurship can show their potentialities, remove the obstacles andimprove their abilities.In the developing MoreThe concept of entrepreneurship is rapidly gaining importance and recentlywomen's entrepreneurship has attracted many people around the world. Womenthrough entrepreneurship can show their potentialities, remove the obstacles andimprove their abilities.In the developing countries, women are considered as the main hope to improvethe status of the family as well as country. Through entrepreneur activities, womennot only provide economic profits, but socio-cultural benefits as well. The main objectof the present research is to examine the socio-economic developmental affects ofwomen's entrepreneurship.The sample consisted of 150 women chosen from prod using, industrial andservicing companies. The methods used are survey research and documental research,using written questionnaires and fish notes for gathering information.The analysis of information is arranged in four sections, including descriptivesection, testing the hypothesis correlation analysis and multivariable regressionanalysis. For testing the hypothesis Q.S statistical method were used, according whichall the hypothesizes were approved.In other words there was a relationship between individual (motives, objectivesand human capital) environmental (cultural and socio-economic factors) and networkfactors and entrepreneurship index.Regression analysis index of entrepreneurship's relation with independentvariables indicates that among independent variables, individual-personality factorsand network factors and cultural factors have interred the equation and thatenvironmental factors are of the main importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Design the Pattern ‘Developing Of ExportingCultural Goods’
دکتر عباس معمارنژاد زهره حسین زادگانIt seems Iranian cultural market and position ofeconomy_culture can get growth,If economic view to culture related to administrativelevels accompany with un-normal judgment of logic and scientific economicattitude.It will also get free choices to consumers.Materials& MoreIt seems Iranian cultural market and position ofeconomy_culture can get growth,If economic view to culture related to administrativelevels accompany with un-normal judgment of logic and scientific economicattitude.It will also get free choices to consumers.Materials&Methods: This research is ‘Applicable by purpose’and ‘Descriptive(correlative) by method’ with a Questionnare includes 35factors after Validity &Reliability.The sample has 77 managers, practionares and experts at Indusry ofcultural goods exporting as ‘Statistical population’.Results&Conclusion:according to the test,the findings reveal “from 1st to 7thhypotheses,there is a positive and significant relation between knowingenvironmental& competitive factors in world markets,supportive policy ofgovernment,product price,type & distribution,And amount of cultural goodsexporting.Results&Conclusion:According to Candol test,first,’supportive policy ofgovernment’, then‘knowing competitive factors in world markets’,last’product price& knowing environmental factors’ have the most effectiveness in developing ofexporting cultural goods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The study of cultural factors on environmental protection Tehran (A case study of regions of 4)
عباسعلی قیومی کامران محمدخانی مجید محمد سمنانیIntroduction & Objective: environmental protection is basic issues in environmental. The purpose of this study was the study of relationship between cultural factors on environmental protection Tehran (a case study of regions of 4). Method: The research method was MoreIntroduction & Objective: environmental protection is basic issues in environmental. The purpose of this study was the study of relationship between cultural factors on environmental protection Tehran (a case study of regions of 4). Method: The research method was Design present study were Survey- Descriptive. The Population of this study has been Total family inmate in regions of4 Tehran. To choose samples Cluster sampling methods was used 380 family were chosen and there were investigated. Measurement tools include Demographic and cultural factors on environmental protection, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire content was confirmed. Results: Statistical methods for analyzing data from a T- test and Friedman Methods were used. T- test showed that the education and awareness, responsibility sensation, religion values, social morality and normalative is cultural factors on environmental protection. Also social morality, education and awareness, religion values, normalative, responsibility sensation were from basic to weak factors. Conclusion: In general, with increase cultural factors on environmental protection, environmental destruction Decrease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Designing and offering a local pattern for promotion of organizational entrepreneurship in cultural organizations in 1388
فرشاد رحمتی زنجان طلبIntroduction &The purpose of Research: In recent decades, matter of innovation and entrepreneurship has been paid special attention in cultural section to itself .This research performed for investigation of empowerment of organizational entrepreneurship in cultural MoreIntroduction &The purpose of Research: In recent decades, matter of innovation and entrepreneurship has been paid special attention in cultural section to itself .This research performed for investigation of empowerment of organizational entrepreneurship in cultural organizations until offer a local pattern for explaining the role of structural, behavioral(content) and environmental(context) factors for promotion of organizational entrepreneurship in Sciences and Research unit of Tehran Islamic Azad university.( research statistical society is 750 and statistical sample is 70). Method: This research accomplished by descriptive-correlation method By using survey. Data collected of questionnaire and the first for correlation, data analysis fulfilled the inference & descriptive statistics by SPSS and the second for structural equation analysis, influence of independent variables on dependent variables by Lisrel ver. 8.5. Findings: Findings of research show that this unit doesn’t have desirable entrepreneurship. Correlation test confirmed the relation structural, behavioral(content) and environmental(context) factors with entrepreneurship, also findings confirmed that among of these factors, context factor and structural factor have the most and the least influence on entrepreneurship, respectively. Conclusion: So clear-sighted (persons) believe that organizational structure is the most important space for organizational entrepreneurship, and the results of this research show that dominant structure on Sciences and Research unit of Tehran Islamic Azad University is on basis of formal rule and hierarchy that have distance with organizational entrepreneurship. So Designed and offered a local pattern could help to promotion of organizational entrepreneurship basis of three-dimensional model structural, behavioral and environmental factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - The causes of Iranian violence and deviations of sport with a futuristic approach (Case study: Football)
farshad jafarvandnou مهرداد نوابخش اکبر آفرینش خاکیThis social phenomenon has become an important part of live community activity today, but what is highlighted in this article is the tensions that exist between fans of different teams together or even in the field before, during and after exciting sports competitions. MoreThis social phenomenon has become an important part of live community activity today, but what is highlighted in this article is the tensions that exist between fans of different teams together or even in the field before, during and after exciting sports competitions. It occurs by players and sometimes causes bitter events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of sport violence and deviations in Iran using a futures research approach. In this research, using a mixed approach, factors are identified. Based on the interviews, effective factors have been identified which are: organizational factors, institutional factors, environmental factors and individual factors. According to the results, it can be stated that all questions related to variables have significant correlation coefficients with the present variables. The research model is confirmed by significant and fitting indices. According to the results, it can be concluded that organizational factors, institutional factors, environmental factors and individual factors affecting the causes of sport violence and deviations in the Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University. Science and Research Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The study of barriers of entrepreneurship in Islamic Azad University and the role of entrepreneurs in economic and social development
zahra shojaei رحمت علیزادهThe purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers of organizational entrepreneurship in Islamic Azad University. This research is applied in a descriptive-survey based on a goal-oriented research method. The statistical population of the research includes employ MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers of organizational entrepreneurship in Islamic Azad University. This research is applied in a descriptive-survey based on a goal-oriented research method. The statistical population of the research includes employees and managers of the Islamic Azad University, whose number is over 3,000. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, frequency distribution tables, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics using SPSS software and Smart PLS were used. Findings of the research show that the positive effect of internal factors on organizational entrepreneurship with path coefficient equal to 3024/0 is positive and T / T is 8/498 and environmental factors with path coefficient equal to 5967/0, which is somewhat positive and T is equal to With 16.4366 and the resulting factors with a path coefficient equal to 0.1691, which is somewhat positive, and T is equal to 5.1817.5. Based on the findings of the research and the results of the data analysis, it can be concluded that: internal factors And environmental and contextualization in Islamic Azad University has a positive and significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship. Keywords: Organizational Entrepreneurship, Internal, Environmental, and Exogenous Factors, Azad University Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Effects (economic, social and environmental) of industrial installations on development (case study: jam town)
هدایت الله نیکخواه سجاد بهزادیThe purpose of this study was, Effects (economic, social and environmental) of industrial installations on development of jam town. For this purpose, 32 experts and postgratuate were chosen for sampling that they were semi-structured interviews. The research method of t MoreThe purpose of this study was, Effects (economic, social and environmental) of industrial installations on development of jam town. For this purpose, 32 experts and postgratuate were chosen for sampling that they were semi-structured interviews. The research method of this study is qualitative method, and the effects and consequences of the refinery industry have been studied in the jam city in terms of the economic, environmental and socio-cultural impact.The sampling method was purposive sampling and theoretical persuasion. Considering the findings, the development of industrial and technological developments by putting in place the refinery in jam contradictory consequences have followed. However, from the economic impact by employment and sustainable revenues and infrastructure facilities for the city provides many opportunities and capacity and on the other, Social consequences have been moderate positive and environmental consequences considered as the cause of many social damages. In the end, Limitations and suggestions have been discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Investigating the effects and role of non-formal education courses in sustainable rural development Case study: Ahmadabad village, Takht-e Soleiman section of Takab city
mohamad sadegh oliaeeAchieving sustainable rural development is not feasible without changing attitudes and intellectual and cultural transformation in a country unless comprehensive training is provided in various areas of jobs in rural areas as well as different styles of the training pro MoreAchieving sustainable rural development is not feasible without changing attitudes and intellectual and cultural transformation in a country unless comprehensive training is provided in various areas of jobs in rural areas as well as different styles of the training process to develop human resources. In addition, its all-encompassing situations should be well recognized, and the necessary coordination should be made between formal and non-formal education, which are considered as the two main components and the basis of learning and development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and role of non-formal education courses in the sustainable development of rural areas of Ahmadabad rural district of Takab city. The research method used in this research is a combination of documentary and survey methods, and data collection has been done by using direct face-to-face interview techniques and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study is done according to the rules of random sampling and includes residents of six villages of the Ahmadabad rural district. One-sample t-test and regression analysis were used to analyze the relationships between variables. The results show that in the regression fitting model, the coefficient of determination was equal to (0.843), and at the level of 99% was significant, which indicates the positive effect of informal education on the dimensions of independent variables of the research. Values of ß are economic (0.776), social (0.177), and environmental (0.058). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Sociological study of the role and impact of cultural consumerism lifestyle on inviromental behavior with a sustainable development approach. Case study: Citizens of Tehran metropolis
Farzaneh Farhadian babadi علیرضا‏ محسنی‏ تبریزی مصطفی‏ ‏ ازکیاAs one of the leading theorists of lifestyle, Bourdieu presented the most coherent discussion of the concept of lifestyle and cultural consumption. Simmel was also the first modernist sociologist to realize the importance of consumption in the social construction of mod MoreAs one of the leading theorists of lifestyle, Bourdieu presented the most coherent discussion of the concept of lifestyle and cultural consumption. Simmel was also the first modernist sociologist to realize the importance of consumption in the social construction of modern life, and he believed that when metropolises developed, social and psychological needs in individuals contributed to the spread of consumerism ; Also, the theory of sustainable urban development raises the issues of preventing urban environmental pollution, supporting recycling and not supporting harmful development; Accordingly, the theoretical framework of the research is based on the mentioned theories.The statistical population of the study includes all residents of eight districts of Tehran who are between [18-60] years old. According to Cochran's formula, 385 people were obtained as a statistical sample, but due to the large population of the statistical population and taking into account the possible lost data, the sample size of 810 people was selected.This research has been done with a quantitative approach and with a survey method and it is a questionnaire collection tool.Findings show that there is a significant relationship between cultural consumerist lifestyle and environmental behavior.There is also a significant relationship between education, age, economic status and social status. But there is an inverse and negative relationship between gender and environmental behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The effect of environmental uncertainty on entrepreneurial orientation with the mediating role of innovation speed
ghasem shiri sedighe tootian esfahani shahla sohrabiEntrepreneurship is not only a science, but also a way of life and art, and choosing it can improve the quality of life. Due to the importance of entrepreneurship, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental uncertainty on entrepreneurial orientat MoreEntrepreneurship is not only a science, but also a way of life and art, and choosing it can improve the quality of life. Due to the importance of entrepreneurship, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental uncertainty on entrepreneurial orientation with the mediating role of innovation speed. In terms of practical purpose and in terms of implementation, it is a descriptive survey type. The statistical population of this research is the staff of Sepah Bank of Tehran, whose number is 1600 people and the sample size is 310 people. The data collection method is library and field and the data collection tool is a questionnaire and to check the validity, the validity of the divergent and convergent structure, to determine the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha method has been used. Data analysis was also performed using structural equations and smart-pls software. The results showed: environmental uncertainty with mediator role and without mediator role, government and policies with mediator role, economy with mediator role and without mediator role, products, markets and demand with mediator role and without mediator role, competition with mediator role, And technology in industry without the mediating role of innovation speed has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Sociological explanation of the effect of social capital on sustainable urban development
masuod darabi Sustainability is one of the issues that have been emphasized in recent years in various societies,especially in urban communities; in the path of sustainability, social capital plays a very important role. In sucha way that sustainable development has defined its More Sustainability is one of the issues that have been emphasized in recent years in various societies,especially in urban communities; in the path of sustainability, social capital plays a very important role. In sucha way that sustainable development has defined its role in the social environment, including social capital, byconsidering concepts such as social justice, comprehensive development and social welfare. Therefore, thepurpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between social capital and sustainable urbandevelopment, which used the theories of Giddens, Patenam, Fukuyama, Coleman and Driskel. The surveyresearch method and data collection tool, the questionnaire is reliable and valid. The statistical population iscitizens over 18 years of age in Tehran; the sample size is 393 people, which was obtained using Cochran'sformula and multi-stage cluster method. The findings showed that the status of the social capital index and all itsvariables (social trust, social participation, social awareness, social cohesion, sense of social belonging andsocial relations network) and the index of sustainable urban development and its dimensions (environmentalsustainability, social sustainability, Economic stability, physical stability, and institutional sustainability werebelow average and below average. Explanatory findings showed that social capital and all its dimensions had adirect and significant relationship and impact on sustainable urban development. The results of regressionanalysis indicate that social capital and its components together explain 0.601 variance of sustainable urbandevelopment. The highest direct effects on beta coefficient were 0.423 social confidence and 0.365 socialparticipation on sustainable urban development, respectively. In order to test the general and partial theory ofthe theoretical model, structural equation modeling was used. The high fitness indices indicate that the data arevery well supported by the theoretical foundations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Investigating the Effects and Role of Non-formal Education Courses in Sustainable Rural Development (Case study: Ahmadabad Village, Takht-e Soleiman Eection of Takab City)
Mohammad Sadeq OliaieAchieving sustainable rural development is not feasible without changing attitudes and intellectual and cultural transformation in a country unless comprehensive training is provided in various areas of jobs in rural areas as well as different styles of the training pro MoreAchieving sustainable rural development is not feasible without changing attitudes and intellectual and cultural transformation in a country unless comprehensive training is provided in various areas of jobs in rural areas as well as different styles of the training process to develop human resources. In addition, its all-encompassing situations should be well recognized, and the necessary coordination should be made between formal and non-formal education, which are considered as the two main components and the basis of learning and development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and role of non-formal education courses in the sustainable development of rural areas of Ahmadabad rural district of Takab city. The research method used in this research is a combination of documentary and survey methods, and data collection has been done by using direct face-to-face interview techniques and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study is done according to the rules of random sampling and includes residents of six villages of the Ahmadabad rural district. One-sample t-test and regression analysis were used to analyze the relationships between variables. The results show that in the regression fitting model, the coefficient of determination was equal to (0.843), and at the level of 99% was significant, which indicates the positive effect of informal education on the dimensions of independent variables of the research. Values of ß are economic (0.776), social (0.177), and environmental (0.058). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Analysis of the Relationship between Social Capital and Environmental Attitudes of the Rural People: The Case of the Central District of Dena County
Zeinab Sharifi Mehdi Nouripour -
Open Access Article
128 - The Role of Government in the Development and Restriction of the Women’s Contemporary Civil Claims’ Discourses in Iran
Ebrahim Motaqi Ali Roshanaie -
Open Access Article
129 - An Analytical Approach in Acknowledging the Elements, Indices and Characteristics of Urban Sustainable Development
Mohammadreza Pourjafar Zahra Khodaie Ali Pourkheiri -
Open Access Article
130 - Design and Providing a Model to Assess the Effects of Cultural Capital on Aspects of Sustainable Urban Development with an Emphasis on Clean Energy
Mehrdad Navabakhsh Maryam Sabeti -
Open Access Article
131 - Investigating the Impacts (Economic, Social and Environmental) of Industrial Installations in the Development Process
Hedayatollah Nikkhah Sajjad Behzadi -
Open Access Article
132 - The Effect of Environmental Uncertainty on Entrepreneurial Orientation with the Mediating Role of Innovation Speed
Gasem shiri Sediqeh Toutian Isfahani Shahla SohrabiEntrepreneurship is not only a science, but also a way of life and art, and choosing it can improve the quality of life. Due to the importance of entrepreneurship, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental uncertainty on entrepreneurial orientat MoreEntrepreneurship is not only a science, but also a way of life and art, and choosing it can improve the quality of life. Due to the importance of entrepreneurship, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental uncertainty on entrepreneurial orientation with the mediating role of innovation speed. In terms of practical purpose and in terms of implementation, it is a descriptive survey type. The statistical population of this research is the staff of Sepah Bank of Tehran, whose number is 1600 people and the sample size is 310 people. The data collection method is library and field and the data collection tool is a questionnaire and to check the validity, the validity of the divergent and convergent structure, to determine the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha method has been used. Data analysis was also performed using structural equations and smart-pls software. The results showed: environmental uncertainty with mediator role and without mediator role, government and policies with mediator role, economy with mediator role and without mediator role, products, markets and demand with mediator role and without mediator role, competition with mediator role, And technology in industry without the mediating role of innovation speed has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation. Also, the resources and services used in the organization with the role of mediator and without the role of mediator, technology in industry with the role of mediator, government and policies without the role of mediator, and competition without the role of mediator The speed of innovation does not affect entrepreneurial orientation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Wheat Crop Cultivation Feasibility using Boolean Logic (Case Study: City of Shush)
فریده اسدیان رضا برنا عاطفه حسن غلامعلیAmong the many factors influencing the wheat production, environmental conditions and climate are the most important variables that need to be scrutinized. According to the talents and capacities of wheat production in the city of Shush, according to the 12 year compreh MoreAmong the many factors influencing the wheat production, environmental conditions and climate are the most important variables that need to be scrutinized. According to the talents and capacities of wheat production in the city of Shush, according to the 12 year comprehensive review of climatic and environmental factors were identified. Then based on Boolean logic in GIS environment between any of the environmental and climatic parameters were studied in wheat. Finally, wheat prone areas were identified in the city of Shush.The results indicate that the city of Wheat cultivation, favorable conditions and has the talent is, But culture is made of wheat and wheat growing areas of the north and northeast of the city, the best place for you is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Impact of environmental factors on destruction of archaeological sites by TOPSIS model (case study archaeological sites of Darreh Shahr and Abdanan of Ilam province)
Ardavan Behzad فریده اسدیانThe impact of environmental factors on archaeological sites, depends on their geographic conditions. In this study, two cities (Darreh Shahr and Abdanan of Ilam province) were considered as geographical scope and impact of environmental factors on the destruction of arc MoreThe impact of environmental factors on archaeological sites, depends on their geographic conditions. In this study, two cities (Darreh Shahr and Abdanan of Ilam province) were considered as geographical scope and impact of environmental factors on the destruction of archaeological sites were studied. In this research, GIS software was used for overlaying environmental factors and also TOPSIS model was used for ranking impact factors on archaeological sites. Ten environmental factors such as height, aspect, slope, rainfall, temperature, erosion class, distance from river and fault, land use and geological formations were selected as affecting factors on these sites. Results shows that rainfall, aspect and geological formations are more effective on destruction of archaeological sites. Also impact of these factors on the archaeological sites of the cities seems equal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Challenges facing unbalanced urbanization in Iran
MASOOD Safaepour mohammad reza Amiiri kazem denanIn the last half century, in Iran, the development of capitalism within the framework of an oil-based economy caused the stagnation of the agricultural sector and the rapid growth of cities. This rapid growth of urbanization did not take place in a balanced way, but cau MoreIn the last half century, in Iran, the development of capitalism within the framework of an oil-based economy caused the stagnation of the agricultural sector and the rapid growth of cities. This rapid growth of urbanization did not take place in a balanced way, but caused the growth of big cities and hindered the growth of small towns and villages. And despite the transformations in Iran's urban system, the image of settlement and establishment of the population and cities does not give a good picture. It is clearly clear that the rapid expansion of urbanization in Iran has turned the hope for a better future into a nightmare for millions of urban people in terms of their economic and social status. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, tries to investigate the reflections of unbalanced urbanization in the urban areas of Iran and the effects of this process in the spatial dimension, and finally the effects of this process in the urban network of Iran, with a scientific and argumentative perspective. According to the scientific analysis of unbalanced urbanization, if this trend continues in Iran's urbanization, we will witness unstable social and economic development, including an increase in unequal income, resource alliance, environmental destruction, and damage to Iran's natural and cultural heritage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Investigating the effect of individual and environmental factors of Empowerment of villagers on reverse migration and the relationship between them (Case study: Kordabad, Vian and Taherlu villages Kaboudrahang)
davood abbasi Masoud Mahdavi Hajiloui Rahim Sarvar Parviz kardvaniAbstract Today, migration is one of the main problems of rural communities and empowering villagers seems to be one of the best solutions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of individual and environmental factors of Empowerment of villagers o MoreAbstract Today, migration is one of the main problems of rural communities and empowering villagers seems to be one of the best solutions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of individual and environmental factors of Empowerment of villagers on reverse migration and the relationship between them to the case study of Kordabad, Vian and Taherlu villages Kaboudrahang. In this regard, the present research method is descriptive-analytical with a practical purpose that has been collected by the data questionnaire tool and to analyze the data is used from Pearson correlation coefficient, step-by-step regression and variance analysis test in the form of SPSS software. In this regard, research findings have shown that there is a direct and significant relationship between individual and environmental factors with rural empowerment with the motive of reverse migration, individual and environmental empowerment factors are effective in reverse migration and that the motive for reverse migration among rural villagers Taherloo and Vian are more than the villagers of Kordabad village. Keywords: Individual and environmental factors, empowerment, reverse migration, Kordabad, Vian, Taherlo villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Measuring the effect of the color of environmental advertisements on the urban landscape of Mashhad's Felestin Street
pouya matini Hadi SarvariAs the main factor of advertising in the last century and as the newest one, environmental advertising is one of the building components of the city landscape. Although advertising is one of the methods of beautifying the urban landscape, sometimes people use urban spac MoreAs the main factor of advertising in the last century and as the newest one, environmental advertising is one of the building components of the city landscape. Although advertising is one of the methods of beautifying the urban landscape, sometimes people use urban spaces for advertising regardless of their visual beauty. The landscape of urban spaces is affected by many factors. Environmental advertising is one of the most important influencing factors in terms of urban spaces due to its close relationship with the body of the city and also an objective factor in people's eyes. Therefore, the role of environmental advertising in the urban landscape is of great importance, in order to develop an organizing plan or to modify urban views. The purpose of this research is to measure the effect of environmental advertising color on the urban landscape in Felestin Street, Mashhad, in order to use it to improve the quality of the landscape in this area. In this research, by using a questionnaire and a population of 352 people and spss software, information related to advertising boards in Felestin was collected and by using analysis methods and Spearman's correlation test and multiple regression, as well as field observation and collection, the resulting information was processed. has been The results obtained from this research show that there is a significant relationship between the color of environmental advertisements and urban landscape, and the attention to color in environmental advertisements, according to the investigations and the use of Spearman's test, where the significance level was less than 0.05. It has a direct effect on increasing the quality of urban landscapes, and in particular, according to the obtained regression coefficient (0.04), it can be concluded that the color of environmental protection has little effect on the urban landscape of Felestin Street. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Impact of environmental hazards of "Aq Dareh" gold mining from a geopolitical perspective with emphasis on national security
Alireza mehrabi ghasem abbasianfard Soroush NikmaneshResearch ahead aiming to investigate Aq Dareh gold mining operations which is located in the city of Takab (one of the functions of West Azerbaijan) and its construction operation began in 2003, due to non-compliance with the required standards in the process of product MoreResearch ahead aiming to investigate Aq Dareh gold mining operations which is located in the city of Takab (one of the functions of West Azerbaijan) and its construction operation began in 2003, due to non-compliance with the required standards in the process of production cycle (exploration, extraction of natural materials and its conversion into industrial products, energy consumption, production of waste materials) facing the surrounding area with major challenges and consequently various areas related to the environment, energy consumption, safety and health due to the expansion of industries and services, the emergence of metropolises and population growth, Iran, like other countries to meet your needs, due to non-compliance with environmental standards It has destroyed part of its non-renewable natural resources. This research shows that Aq Dareh gold mining operation due to non-compliance with environmental regulations, seven areas of security in this area which includes economic, food, health, environmental, personal, social and political, faced with a crisis such a way that it is not possible to compensate not only in the short term, but also in the long term Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Investigating the effective factors of urban crisis management against natural disasters (case study of Baqershahr city)
alireza nasripoor Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari masomi sohrabi hamidreza joodakiNatural disasters are a phenomenon that neglecting them will lead to irreparable damage. Baqershahr as one of the important cities of Tehran province due to the presence of several active faults and seasonal and permanent rivers around and inside Venice. Behesht Zahra l MoreNatural disasters are a phenomenon that neglecting them will lead to irreparable damage. Baqershahr as one of the important cities of Tehran province due to the presence of several active faults and seasonal and permanent rivers around and inside Venice. Behesht Zahra large sanctuary has a high vulnerability to natural and physical hazards, the presence of dense urban fabric, the main fault of Rey Garmsar, rivers north of Tehran and worn texture are factors that lead to the study of effective factors in crisis management. Due to the nature of the research method, it is descriptive-analytical. First, the research findings include the criteria considered in crisis management, including the existence of storage system, specialized equipment and appropriate operational organization, specialized manpower, information system, operational effectiveness and information system for residents, infrastructure and communication facilities. These factors have been done by urban planning experts, urban planning by questionnaire information in the study area and the analysis of factors and variables has been done by multi-factor analysis, variance, regression and Pearson test. In fact, factors and coefficients in storage criteria And support equal to 16.2 percent, specialized equipment and the existence of a suitable structure of operational organization 11.65 percent, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The inquiry of environmental effects and physical growth of Malayer city
Mehrdad Navabakhsh Somayeh _safiThe growth of population in cities is one of the most important challenges of urbanplanning.The lack of correct programming for fulfillment of needs of these growingpopulation follows on unessential use of the city lands and their around lands and alsoincreasing of envi MoreThe growth of population in cities is one of the most important challenges of urbanplanning.The lack of correct programming for fulfillment of needs of these growingpopulation follows on unessential use of the city lands and their around lands and alsoincreasing of environmental problems.In this field, the in quiry of physical growth of Malayer city and environmentalproblems resulting of the, has special importance.Therefore, The basic question of this research is«The fact reasons of emerqence ofenvironmental problems in Malayer city.»Supposing that environmental problems of Malayer city is resulting of the growthof supposing this city in recent years, growth of it’s population and different civicactivities. (civic fule and construction) .The basic inquiry of effective reasons on the city expanding and emergence of theenvironmental problems,offering the sutable approaches for eduction of environmentalproblems and making an academic viewpoint for solving the environmental problemsis one of the most important aims of this study. Therefore,with attention toenvironmental problems resulting of physical growth of Malayer city in afew recentdecade, in this research is payed to inquiry and explain of environmental problemswith help of informations, statistics, fieldwork and with use of maps, pictures, yraphsand their analysis. In this relation is considered the pollution of sources of water,thepollution arising of release of sewage on the pavements and or their discharge inabsorbing well,The problems arising of unbasic collection, burying and recycling ofrubbises, the pollution of industrial units and brik–kilns and traffic pollution speciallyin the center of city and brife approaches are offered for reduction of this pollution,welfare of citizens and arrbiyng to sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Research role of environment potential in rural planning Case study: central region of Mahabad city
Masoud Mahdavi Mohammad Amin MohyeddiniRegarding the developing processes of rural a sees. The analysis and theidentification of the current rural conditions and inspection of the facilities and theircircumstances in different aspects was important. And to help the rural planners toassign the developed targe MoreRegarding the developing processes of rural a sees. The analysis and theidentification of the current rural conditions and inspection of the facilities and theircircumstances in different aspects was important. And to help the rural planners toassign the developed targets to specify the diplomacy and the ways to establish them.So in this research the evaluation and assessment of environmental potential of thecentral region of the mahabad city is in consideration and for this purpose and to getthe answer of the main question of this thesis effective environmental factors to searchthe rural development. Are in consideration and analysis. This thesis in addition to thenatural facilities of concerned area and property scope of the area regarding thesefacilities and possibilities is also supposed to explain the position of these factors andtheir importance in rural development area. In spite of main goal of this thesis is todetermine the degree of the indigence of the environmental abilities in central ruraldeveloping area of mahabad city, the whole researches and studies accomplished inthis area, is in order to search the main goal of this thesis and the observer has initiallyanalyzed the remote position of the region on the basis of environment and then on thebasis of that has stepped up to search-out the main points of the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Policies, strategies and metods of dealing treting with scrape vehicles
رحیم Moshiri علیرضا SoolaimaniNoweadays, It is very important to pay attention to bio- environmental insights in urban planning and developmented programs, because scrap vehicles are one of the factors that influence air and environment pollution. In undevelopment or developing countres , noth MoreNoweadays, It is very important to pay attention to bio- environmental insights in urban planning and developmented programs, because scrap vehicles are one of the factors that influence air and environment pollution. In undevelopment or developing countres , nothing has been done for scrape vehicles. Also in Iran , nothing has been done for controlling and recycling the scrape vehicles , in comparison to the fast and rapid growth of vehicle production. In this research , programs, policies, strategies and method,for threatment about scrape vehicles in developed countries has been explored and studied and , by contrastive analysis, it is aimed to provide and propose solutions fr the best treatment with scrape vehicles, especially applying the experiemences in sight and finding in developed countries to developing or under developed onces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Some guidelines for sustainable rural developments with emphasis on applied Geography
علیرضا EstelajiFrom the view point of applied geography, the programming of the “rural sustainabledevelopment” is a process through wich all the environmental, economic, social andphysical factors are so internally integrated and adaptable with the climatic conditions.Havi MoreFrom the view point of applied geography, the programming of the “rural sustainabledevelopment” is a process through wich all the environmental, economic, social andphysical factors are so internally integrated and adaptable with the climatic conditions.Having this perspective in mind, we can claim that the rural regions lake thesustainability needed for geographical zones. Therefore, it is considered essential that athorough and extensive programming for sustainable development should be designedand well accomplished with regards to both regional biological factors and also thesystematic concepts toghether with environmental-conceptual and behavioralgeography.In this respect, an analytical essay has been complied and prepared focusing on theexisting sustainable rural developments throughout the country (IRAN), with somecertain case studies of certain regions.In addition, in this extract several guidelines and recommentation of methods ofsustainable rural developments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Analyzing the role of local society's environmental understanding played in natural resources operation in the watersheds of the North of Iran. (case study:Vazrood watershed– Noor)
عباس ALIPOOR مسعود MAHDAVIAnybody has an image of his surrounding environment. To describe such an image, cultural geographers have used "environmental understanding" term. To understand why groups of human are settled in their natural environment, not only should geographers be aware of the env MoreAnybody has an image of his surrounding environment. To describe such an image, cultural geographers have used "environmental understanding" term. To understand why groups of human are settled in their natural environment, not only should geographers be aware of the environment characteristics, but also familiar with the attitude and cultural understanding of such environments. Just like experiences, likes and dislikes, environmental understanding also differs from person to person. Values and deep beliefs too, can affect such understanding. Spatial organization of natural resources in northern Iran and formed spatial formats there is mainly based on the kind of existing natural resources (forest, range, flowing rivers, and lots of springs) and inevitably residents' environmental understanding. Therefore being aware of their understanding of the role, quality and natural resource destruction reasons is crucial and necessary in order to find a suitable approach to recover flaws and make an environmental balance in the spatial organizations. This has not been paid attention to and millions of Rials have been spent during the last two decades on dictating that such environmental misbalance had appeared because of residents' traditional husbandry lifestyle; while natural resources operational attitudes and methods in northern watersheds, seem to be interrelated with the kind and amount of local society's (plain, forest and range kingdoms) environmental understanding; the idea this paper is being after. Statistical analysis in the area of understanding, based on special questions, show that temporary and permanent residents' behavior goes back to their level of understanding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Sustainable City with Emphasizing on Urban Transport Management and Traffic Reduction Strategies with a Glance at Tehran Metropolis
Asghar Nazarian Mohammad taqi masoomi Rasoul maleki NezamabadEvery week world urban areas gain another one million people. nowadays cities asthe settlements of over fifty percent of world's populations face many challenges likeair pollutions, noises, traffic congestions, stresses and so on. this trend threat bothhuman´s lif MoreEvery week world urban areas gain another one million people. nowadays cities asthe settlements of over fifty percent of world's populations face many challenges likeair pollutions, noises, traffic congestions, stresses and so on. this trend threat bothhuman´s life quality and environment quality. ideal city for citizen´s life is sustainablecity in which improvement in the quality of human life is achieved in harmony withimproving and maintaining the health of ecological systems. In this city life isdesirable and increased quality of life, less conflicts, more effective economy, socialprogress and … are main advantages of these cities. There are many Barriers forCreating Sustainable Cities and one more important of them is weak urban transportsystems and traffic congestion. Traffic congestion in cities has social, economic andecological effects. On the other hand these three factors (social, economy and ecology)are the pillars of sustainable development. therefore inadequate management of urbantransport systems so existence of traffic congestion in cities is an important barrier ofcreating sustainable city. access to sustainable city requires a shift towards sustainableurban transport. sustainable transport is a term used to describe those modes oftransport which are not primarily associated with the use of non-renewable energyresources for the transport of individuals without causing a deterioration in the qualityof urban life. Nowadays Tehran as the biggest city and Capital of our country hasmany problems and barriers to be a sustainable city . high increasing in population,centralization, uncontrolled development, Air pollution, traffic congestion, accidentsand so on are some of these problems. Air pollution is the most importantenvironmental problem of Tehran which is caused mainly by motor vehicles. Motorvehicles produce 60-80% of pollution in this city. low price of fuel, low quality ofgasoline, large number of old cars, very high price of vehicles, Tehran's geographicposition, high dependency on private passenger car, improperly enforced driving andtraffic rules and finally lack of harmonious management are the most important factorsthat caused non-sustainable transport system is used in the city and as a result Tehran is an unsuitable place for living . in order to avoid this unsuitable situation changing ofTehran to a sustainable city it is necessary to support comprehensive models ofsustainable transport that are suitable with special conditions of our country andTehran city. one of these models is mooted in this study and there is no doubt aboutthat it is impossible to achieve urban sustainability in Tehran without attention inspecial consideration associated with our country . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - An Analysis on the Role of Environmental Capabilities on Sustainable Development of Rural Regions (Case: Central District of Rostam County)
مسعود Mahdavi علی ShamasodiniAchieving an acceptable condition of growth, development and excellence process in human societies including urban and rural districts, requires paving the ground for planning based on understanding of environment and benefiting its capabilities. In this context, unders MoreAchieving an acceptable condition of growth, development and excellence process in human societies including urban and rural districts, requires paving the ground for planning based on understanding of environment and benefiting its capabilities. In this context, understanding, studying and analyzing natural and human capabilities in rural areas of the country could be considered as an underlying and important principle in the process of sustainable development of these human settlements. Having studied the concepts of rural sustainable development, the present article with the emphasis on applied- fundamental approach and descriptive-analytical method is to introduce and analyze environmental capabilities (natural – human) of the rural areas in central district of Rostam county to achieve sustainable development of these population centers. In this context, data collection was done by library and field methods emphasizing close field observation, observation and interview. The indexes studied in this article also include analysis of natural data including land structure, topography, water and soil resources together with human status as level of literacy, rural turnout and most important, it includes introducing powers and capabilities of agricultural dept. of the studies villages. Finally, emphasizing the research findings, it is trying to provide the required solutions for paving the ways for sustainable development in the rural areas of the county. The research results are evidenced that the villages of this county in general have high capabilities for doing and developing agricultural activities and the related service-economic operations due to their environmental features, that this potential alongside with expansion and development of complementary and conversion industries together with thriving business sector in the region could provide the grounds and conditions for achieving sustainable development of the region with rational and coordinated management together with comprehensive turnout of all rustics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The importance of Environmental Geopolitics in today's world
زهرا Pishgahifard عمران AlizadehThe advent of industrial revolution in Europe and Modern technology in human'slife led to many changes on the earth. These events which were along with the off takeand destruction of the natural resources all over the geographical regions of the globeled to deep changes MoreThe advent of industrial revolution in Europe and Modern technology in human'slife led to many changes on the earth. These events which were along with the off takeand destruction of the natural resources all over the geographical regions of the globeled to deep changes on the earth. These changes in half second 20th century which werealong with the destruction of ozone, vast extinction of vital species, strong destructionof herbaceous strong reduction of natural resources caused Environmental crises.From the beginning, governments reacted against these events like other crises.They tried to restrain from much Environmental crises in national, regional anduniversal term by international meeting, manifesto issuance and different convention.These crises were so deep and vast that in addition to governments, parties and Nongovernmentorganizations such as "Green peace parties" were made all over the world.Near the end 20th century they could control the governments in some of the industrialcountries with expanding their activities and national acceptability.The aim of this essay is explaining the concepts of Environmental geopolitics anddiscovering whether these environmental crises will change to conflicts and crisesamong the nations of a country, in region countries and finally the universal areas.Also how Geopolitics and Environmental researchers can suggest guidelines to thegovernments and Non- Government organization in order to restrain from changingEnvironmental crises to security crises.The results of the research show that Environmental crises and strong reduction ofnatural resources will be the source of many national and regional confects in thefuture. More relations, consideration, national, regional and universal conflicts basedon these crises will come to existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The Role of Agricultural Products especially Saffron in Rural Development of Kashmar Township
Ali Monazzam Esmaeilpour Parviz KardavaniToday, by a day-to-day increase in the population, the need to provide more foodstuffs for the human societies becomes more noticeable, which then causes an extra overload on natural resources. Therefore, recognizing the capabilities of natural fields and resources seem MoreToday, by a day-to-day increase in the population, the need to provide more foodstuffs for the human societies becomes more noticeable, which then causes an extra overload on natural resources. Therefore, recognizing the capabilities of natural fields and resources seems a necessary concern in producing special crops. Saffron as the most precious agricultural and medicinal product in the world, is one of the plants that according to its resistance against dryness, needing less amount of water, lack of putrefying and such effects as creating jobs and high income for the country especially in Khoräsän Razavi province has made the farmers in rural areas head toward it, since the natural potentials of the fields of Käshmar are really suitable for this plant. In this study, it is proved that the role of saffron in rural development of Käshmar township is essential and important; and it follows by suggesting the necessary strategies for a systematic planting of this product and creating a regular system for trade and export, which finally causes an increase in creating jobs, and enhancing the life style in the rural areas of the region. This also can bring about the stable rural development which is important in fixing the population in rural communities and preventing the emigration to the cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The environmental effects of Uromieh lake road
نادر Habibzadeh منصور BadrifarUromieh lake, located in the interface of West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijanprovinces, is one the unique habitats in all around the world creating breathtaking andpicturesque landscape in this area. The instruction of a suitable road, consideringenvironmental issues, c MoreUromieh lake, located in the interface of West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijanprovinces, is one the unique habitats in all around the world creating breathtaking andpicturesque landscape in this area. The instruction of a suitable road, consideringenvironmental issues, can turn this region to one of the tourist attraction centers inIran. By the way, apart from the foregoing advantage this proceeding will facilitatetransportation between capital cities of two important provinces, namely WestAzarbaijan and East Azarbaijan thereby pave the way for the progress of this region.However even though, considering the vulnerable and sensitive ecosystems, theimplementation of this project will result in some deleterious effects from theviewpoint of environmental and social-economic aspects. Therefore, environmentalimpact assessment of this project is really inevitable. In this research theenvironmental threats related to this project along with the effects of Uromieh lakewatershed on the construction of this road have been examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Evaluation of accidents and sefety of road transportation with method of climatic hazards in karaj- chalous road
Reza Borna Hossein Mohammadi Mohammad Rez SarvatiDifferent factors affect on road transportation safety, one of them is theenvironmental hazards, among the environmental hazards affecting on the roadtransportation safety, it can be mentioned about the avalanche, rain, snow, frost andfog phenomena. In this research, in MoreDifferent factors affect on road transportation safety, one of them is theenvironmental hazards, among the environmental hazards affecting on the roadtransportation safety, it can be mentioned about the avalanche, rain, snow, frost andfog phenomena. In this research, in addition to evaluating the relation between each ofenvironmental hazards as well as road transportation safety in the KARAJCHALOUSroute, it was took an action for providing the accident hazard probableplans in each environmental diffirent manners using the observed information and datain the are view. According to the obtained results, there are the most hazard probableduring the raining from the kilometer 95 to 145, while being the frost phenomenonfrom the kilometer 35 to 85, during the snowing from the km 45 to 85 as well asduring the fog from km 96 to 130 and during falling avalanches from km 56 to 70 ofthe KARAJ- CHALOUS route being shown in the plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Evaluation of environmental instability indicators, with emphasis on urban waste (Case Study of Ahvaz Metropolis)
Mostafa mohammadi Dehcheshme Mohammad Ali firoozi jafar saeediPresent research, the analytical method is applied. The aim of study was to evaluateindicators of environmental instability Metropolis of Ahvaz, emphasizing the waste index.To achieve the above objective, the concept of urban sustainability and urban instabilitybecame t MorePresent research, the analytical method is applied. The aim of study was to evaluateindicators of environmental instability Metropolis of Ahvaz, emphasizing the waste index.To achieve the above objective, the concept of urban sustainability and urban instabilitybecame to the identification of criteria and sub-criteria of the action And then according tothe objectives of the study, the conversion process criteria and indicators and the indicatorsare quantitative indicators within the AHP weights became prioritized for analysis of spatialdata, software, GIS, is used. In this context, the most important explanatory factors for theassessment of environmental instability, urban, urban waste pollution indicators and theindicators chosen Evaluated. The findings of this study indicate that in Ahwaz, based on thestudy, the environmental conditions are instability So that the effect of one factor (387/0),the highest value is weighted in the urban areas And the two Area have by weight (02/0), thelowest in the scale waste pollution in the urban areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Evaluate the capability of environmental risks using SWOT-AHP Model (Case study: Osku: Village Gonbarf)
Rahim Sarvar Mohammad Ali khaliji MohammadHossein FathiThe concept of environmental hazards on rural planning is considered necessary andimportant that it be comprehensive and constructive cooperation of the villagers in themodulation of plans and programs of the risks of conflict efficient management this sphereprovide. Th MoreThe concept of environmental hazards on rural planning is considered necessary andimportant that it be comprehensive and constructive cooperation of the villagers in themodulation of plans and programs of the risks of conflict efficient management this sphereprovide. This article aims to assess natural hazards - human capabilities and limitations of theassay, resulting in Gonbarf village life and the village in order to develop the best strategiesand environmental planning. To achieve this purpose, the method of SWOT-AHP hybridmodel that utilizes the SWOT technique, attempt to identify the strengths and weaknesses(internal factors) and opportunities and threats (external factors), and the use of the AHPmodel and Likert preference polls and Rankings internal and external environmental factorsand determine the final value of internal and external factors and adopt the best strategy and astrategy for prioritization approaches in terms of SO, WO, ST, WT. The results of the modelcombination strategy of SWOT-AHP analysis tables indicate the superiority of naturalfeatures - human hazards, so that the final result of the evaluation and assessment of internaland external factors indicate that the strength (with a total value of final 0.233) andopportunities facing the region (the sum of the final value of 0.324) weaknesses (the sum ofthe final value 0.230) and the threats surrounding it (with a total end value of 0.213) is higherand thus the overall strategies of the invasive strategy should be formulated in such a wayenvironmental opportunities and can be used strengths Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - The hedging of the article: An analysis of tribal welfare and settlement strategy in Iran
نبی الله RashnooNomad and operance of nomadism on the basis of rangeland and herdkeeping is inaccordance with geographical favor and Iransُ neiborhood with other nalions andnormal olans.Nomadism has always been given specific place in thoughts of social affairsauthorities concerning th MoreNomad and operance of nomadism on the basis of rangeland and herdkeeping is inaccordance with geographical favor and Iransُ neiborhood with other nalions andnormal olans.Nomadism has always been given specific place in thoughts of social affairsauthorities concerning the economical, political, cultural and martial aspects. Thisprocess in the world of newtechnocrats in 3rd millennium that communities relations ingeograghical field is explained, been the reason giving essential priorities inspecificating regional, zoning, national and even global developmental capacities onthe basis os environmental geography.Therefore, reviewing role and effectiveness of nomads livelihood as a part of Iran ssocial system in the process of planning developmental levels emphasizing on castbenefitequation to endevour by macro policy making.If those reviews by academic researehs and finling would be analyzed, could makepossible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Management of natural resources and environmental hazardoues of rivers to reinforce tourism and ecotourism potential Case study: Abbass Abad river- Hamedan
محسن RanjbarRiver basins have basic role to shape and development of human civilization fromprevious centuries. By establishing and initiating agricultural activities in river basins,various civilizations have been created and developed. There is various natural andhistorical resou MoreRiver basins have basic role to shape and development of human civilization fromprevious centuries. By establishing and initiating agricultural activities in river basins,various civilizations have been created and developed. There is various natural andhistorical resources in natural environment that are effective one stable programmingand development. Abbass Abad river basin has been originated, from 12 km of west –southern of Hamedan, Alvand Mountains.This area has been divided to tow part of plain and mountain due to thetopographical aspects some factor as lithology geostructural are effective to controlland surface. Due to the earth features, high height had been shaped. River length is 18km from river origin to Abbass Abad region average height to this area is 2600m.Due to the internal and external processes in basin, interesting land scopes havebeen created in Alvand Mountains and have been used to exercise, mountain climbingand ski. Due to the tourism and ecotourism attraction as historical Gangnamed inscription, small land large springs, small and large waterfalls, appropriate area to skiand country side areas, this region is very important. by exploitation, this region hasbeen developed and by presence of tourists, double pressure has been created. Therefor evaluating tourism and ecotourism potentials of Abbass Abad, geomorphic featureshad been emphasized beside to management method to natural resources andenvironmental hazards to improved programming to tourism and eco tourism based onecological potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The Environmental consequences of reduced water levels in the lake uromieh and its survival
Mohmmad Ali Ahmady Samira AsghariThe rich biodiversity of Iran at the center of cross road of Asia/Africa and Europe has been damaged very much just because of industrial pollutions, vast urban area, trashes, UN controllable grassing, jungle and desert alleviation, and soil erosion. Water has been a cr MoreThe rich biodiversity of Iran at the center of cross road of Asia/Africa and Europe has been damaged very much just because of industrial pollutions, vast urban area, trashes, UN controllable grassing, jungle and desert alleviation, and soil erosion. Water has been a critical matter in Iran because of men destructive activities. Uremia lake_the biggest lake in the Middle East_has been dried completely. Uremia Lake located in 45 to 46 longitudes and 37 to 38/5 altitudes. This lake is one of the biggest Lake in Iran plateau. UNISCO declared the lake a world heritage site. Because of having unique and beautiful natural attractions. Uremia Lake is the second beautiful lake in the World for its flora, fauna and attractions. Its one the best example of Sustainable Tourism. The aim of this research is study of water shortage in the lake and offering the best proposal for saving it. This research is descriptive and the data has been gathered through the valid book and documents and has been analysis descriptively. The results of researches show that water of Urmia Lake decreased 6 miters during 13 years. The main reasons are: dedicating %90 of water for agriculture use. development Planning for the area, for the area, using water for cities, villages, lack of good and efficient management, lack of good pattern of Plantation, hot weather and evaporation, and using Too much of underground water supplies digging wells. The situation of Urmia Lake is showing lack of planning and proper civil projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Analysis of environmental system the western slopes of Baghrodagh moruntians and these roles in genesis Biomes fandoghlu forest
R. SamadzadehWest slopes of bagrodag and fandoglu area, with having unique autumnal forests,beautiful and green pastures and naturel and human making extents, that is one of thewell-known natural attractions in west-north of country, has been situated in the endwest of ardebil provi MoreWest slopes of bagrodag and fandoglu area, with having unique autumnal forests,beautiful and green pastures and naturel and human making extents, that is one of thewell-known natural attractions in west-north of country, has been situated in the endwest of ardebil province.In this research, in order to survey existing relationships of vegetation in area andits forest distribution,with environmental factors and identification of limiting(preventing) factor and identification of effective factors in its area formation, withsurvey of any environmental factors, commence of providing different environmentalmaps from a direction and vegetation maps from the other direction and finallycombined maps from them has been done.With survey of these maps, has been recognized that none of climatic factors,preventing or limiting factors, in forest formation are not considered. But these factorsare effective in the kind of vegetation. Among these, two factors of humidity and thedirection of wind, have been effective more than other factors and due to have rates ofarea and plant community from passing humidity of area level, play role in thevegetation concentration and its present.Trough, continuosly protection of forest and pasture areas has been done and thecmpletness of growth stages has been provided for plants, can be hoped to makingforest areas in all over the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Evaluating of planning process and regional impacts national construction plan (Case study ;Kārūn-3 Dam)
رحمت الله Farhoodi مجید AbdolahiMain efforts for executing national prosperity and construction plans includes,programming, budget securing, operation& monitoring; are usually handled bygovernmental department. Because of national targets and necessity of executing basicprograms with regard to str MoreMain efforts for executing national prosperity and construction plans includes,programming, budget securing, operation& monitoring; are usually handled bygovernmental department. Because of national targets and necessity of executing basicprograms with regard to strategic action plans in national development; large scale andnational projects should be programmed by government.For this point of view and up to down programming procedure in performingsuch plan, causes enormous change in local, regional and also national geographicalboundrise.Dam constructing is one of the government development program in order toprovide water for drinking and agriculture. These projects have many environmental,economical and social impact in local scale.In iran kārūn- 3 dam plan ,generates electricity, control flood water in upper basinyield and also provide fresh water for agriculture targets. The plan fesibility studybegan in 1961 and was exploited in 2003.The following paper not only evaluates Kārūn-3 dam planning process with dueattention to planning theory, but also make clear the project impact in regional andlocal scales. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Environmental Hazard Zonation Affect on Physical Development of Tabriz City
Sh Roostaei بهروز SarisarafNatural elements such as fertile soil, fresh climate, abundant water supply, alluvialfans, springs, minerals and so much others; now a days becomes basis for developmentof settlement, economic, industrial and agriculture centers. Beside the benefits, thereare many hazar MoreNatural elements such as fertile soil, fresh climate, abundant water supply, alluvialfans, springs, minerals and so much others; now a days becomes basis for developmentof settlement, economic, industrial and agriculture centers. Beside the benefits, thereare many hazardous phenomena such as landslide, earthquake, faults, and floods thatyearly cause’s damage for man made structures.In this research we have recognized all natural hazards affects Tapirs city. Themain aims of this article are hazards verifying and their analysis and presentation ofbest procedure for countermeasures against. These analyses show that, Tabriz fault ismain hazardous factor among others; and hazards such as landslide and subsidence myaccurse after earthquake. Flood is other natural hazard in Tabriz city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Presenting the model of the effectiveness of environmental and health teachings on the citizenship behavior of athletes in Semnan province
mohamad jalali seyed mostafa tayebisani lobat taghaviAbstract: In our country, where the young generation of athletes constitutes a high percentage of the population, environmental education can have a significant effect on strengthening environmental culture and achieving sustainable development goals. The purpose of the MoreAbstract: In our country, where the young generation of athletes constitutes a high percentage of the population, environmental education can have a significant effect on strengthening environmental culture and achieving sustainable development goals. The purpose of the present study is to provide a model of the effectiveness of environmental and health teachings on the citizenship behavior of athletes in Semnan province. This research is of applied type in terms of outputs and descriptive-analytical in terms of data review method. The statistical research community of athletes in Semnan Province is the pilot of the research. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability have been accepted. Structural equation modeling was used to design the model. The results showed that the teachings of environmental and health teachings on the citizenship behavior of athletes is effective and the model has sufficient and favorable fit. Therefore, despite the existence of awareness and a relatively appropriate attitude towards the environment, the majority of people have performed poorly in terms of environmental behavior. Therefore, having environmental awareness cannot be a guarantee for environmental behavior, but in the meantime, there is a need for conditions and social structure that encourage and facilitate environmental behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - The Environmental Performance Evaluation of Tehran Municipality Based on the Green City Indicators
mona salehibarmi ali akbar rezaei ali Noori KermaniObjective: This research has been conducted for evaluating environmental performance of Tehran municipality based on Green City indicators by using ISO 14031 standards for assessing and evaluating municipality performance and ranking its success by taking Green City ind MoreObjective: This research has been conducted for evaluating environmental performance of Tehran municipality based on Green City indicators by using ISO 14031 standards for assessing and evaluating municipality performance and ranking its success by taking Green City indicators into account. Methodology: This research is based on practical purpose & descriptive-survey method. All residents of Tehran 22 districts, have been included in statistical population. Data was extracted through distribution and collection of 388 questionnaires. Sample data was selected based on stratified sampling method and analyzed, using SPSS software. Findings: Research findings demonstrate, Tehran municipality’s environmental management, is in an acceptable level for the following areas: Preserving urban ecosystem and building & creation of environmental centers in Tehran’s districts, however it is not satisfactory when it comes to: city's biodiversity & green space, water & energy management, transportation, air quality & pollution control and land + building usage. Conclusion: Research results suggest, Tehran has to go through a long way to reach Green City indicators and existing urban management has not been able to take a major step in this regard yet, thus it’s crucial for urban management to develop a strategic environment plan to meet Green City features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - The Role Fundamental of Urban Planning and Environmental Regulation in Preventing Environmental Violation in Guilan Province
Maryam Bagheri amirhoseyn porjohariThe main purpose of this descriptive-survey study was to investigate the role of urban planning and environmental regulation in preventing environmental Violations. Statistical population of this research comprises all 256 managers, supervisors and experts of the 16 mun MoreThe main purpose of this descriptive-survey study was to investigate the role of urban planning and environmental regulation in preventing environmental Violations. Statistical population of this research comprises all 256 managers, supervisors and experts of the 16 municipalities in Guilan province. Bartlett et al. was used for determining sample size (120). Data were collected through a questionnaire. To obtain validity of questionnaire; content and face validity were used. As well, to obtain reliability of questionnaire Cronbach’s alpha was used (0.869). To accomplish analysis of data, SPSSV19 and LISREL8.80 software were used in descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of goodness of fit showed that Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was equal to 0.00, Level of significant was equal to 0.695 and also Chi Square/df ratio (X2/df) was equal to 0.958. Based on the standard coefficients, the educational factors (1.14), monitoring factors (1.87) and infrastructure factors (0.75), had a strong correlation with the role of urban management. The result also showed that monitoring factors had the strongest effect in the role of urban management and preventing environmental violation. Educational and infrastructure factors were at a later stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - The role of citizenship education in proper water consumption in Tehran (case study of regions 2 and 16)
Melika yousefian seyed reza salehi amiriIntroduction & Objective of the research: Saving water consumption to save and sustain life on earth This is a basic principle, so citizenship education as a basis for participation, creating knowledge and interaction with the environment to protect environmental cu MoreIntroduction & Objective of the research: Saving water consumption to save and sustain life on earth This is a basic principle, so citizenship education as a basis for participation, creating knowledge and interaction with the environment to protect environmental culture. Investigating the role of citizenship education in proper water consumption in Tehran (case study of regions 2 and 16). Methods: This research is a quantitative method and data collection was done by survey. The statistical population of the study was 467611 people from the 2nd and 16th districts of Tehran. The sample size was 382 people and the method of sampling method was random. In this study, the face validity of the questionnaire was used for validity and Gronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. The collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 27 questions. In this study, data analysis method was used. Inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficients, Kendall and multivariate regression have been performed. Results: The results of this study have shown that there is a significant relationship between proper water consumption and citizenship education. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that the role of citizenship education in districts 2 and 16 of Tehran has been effective in the field of proper water consumption and in this study it can be said that the value of correlation coefficient (R) between variables is 0.300 which shows There is a strong correlation between (citizenship education in the field of water consumption). But the value of the adjusted coefficient (R2) which is equal to 0.090, which shows that 9% of the changes in citizenship education are in the field of water consumption. Therefore, citizenship education in the field of water consumption in the city of Tehran (studied in areas 2 and 16) is effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Evaluation of the Environment of Ardabil City from the Perspective of New Urbanism
Afagh Houshmand Nanehkaran rasoul samadzadeh Mohammad Taghi MasoumiIntroduction and Aim: The prevailing opinion is that the model of New Urbanism can provide a city with a suitable quality of life. Therefore, the city of Ardabil was studied from the perspective of New Urbanism to propose solutions to solve its problems with the knowled MoreIntroduction and Aim: The prevailing opinion is that the model of New Urbanism can provide a city with a suitable quality of life. Therefore, the city of Ardabil was studied from the perspective of New Urbanism to propose solutions to solve its problems with the knowledge of the quality level of the region. The aim of this research is to know the executive strategies for improving the quality of the city's environment from the perspective of New Urbanism. Methodology: By using the survey method and collecting information through questionnaires, documents, and considering the climatic and biological conditions of Ardabil city, first the priorities of the ten principles of New Urbanism were determined by the AHP method, then by using the SWOT method, the type of dominant strategy was identified as a combination of strengths and opportunities (SO). 67 executive strategies of the SO type were proposed and scored by the votes of 45 experts and finally, three strategies were selected. Findings: Examining the internal and external factors of the city showed that strengths will overcome weaknesses and opportunities will overcome threats. The state of the city in terms of compliance with the principles of New Urbanism is "bad" and is equivalent to a score of 2.288 out of four. Results: By following the selected executive strategies in the city, it is possible to approach the principles of New Urbanism and provide a city with better livability while preserving the city's identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Presenting the model of behavior compatible with the urban environment on environmental performance
majid moradi masomeh ahmadyehThe purpose of this study is to investigate and provide a model of the impact of environmentally friendly behavior of employees on environmental performance. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature and method, which MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate and provide a model of the impact of environmentally friendly behavior of employees on environmental performance. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature and method, which was conducted in a retrospective manner. The statistical population of the research is all the personnel of the football federation, 153 people, who were examined as a total number. The research tool is the standard questionnaires of green human resources management (Sakhawalkar and Tadani, 2013). Amos software was used for analysis and relationships between variables. The results showed that green human resource management is effective on employees' environmentally friendly behavior and environmental performance, and the obtained model has sufficient fit. Therefore, environmental management methods affect the organizational commitment of employees. Managers should hire people with appropriate skills and abilities to create green knowledge learning areas in the organization. Provide green culture training opportunities for employees and expose employees to various training programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Effects of Environmental Psychology on the Design of a Care Center for Homeless Children in Order to Mitigate Urban Harm
Dorsa Faghihi Vahedane FooladiIntroduction and Objective: The significance of employing an environmental psychology approach in the development of a care facility for orphaned children comes from its ability to mitigate urban harm. This research investigates the use of an environmental psychology me MoreIntroduction and Objective: The significance of employing an environmental psychology approach in the development of a care facility for orphaned children comes from its ability to mitigate urban harm. This research investigates the use of an environmental psychology method in the design of a care facility for orphaned children. The main goal is to mitigate the adverse impacts of urban environments on these children and address the consequences of inadequate care.Method: This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach to determine the mental and psychological features of children, with a specific focus on the extent to which environmental psychology influences the level of harm in urban areas. It also features a library method to investigate the literature related to its structure based on written documentation.Results: This study involved the identification of an appropriate environment with specific physical measures based on relevant literature, scholarly publications, and expert opinions.Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrate that implementing an environmental psychology approach in designing care centers for orphaned children can contribute to mitigating urban harm and promoting the overall growth and development of these children. The findings suggest that incorporating diverse, visually appealing graphic designs within the care center environment not only improves its aesthetic appeal and triggers positive emotions in children but also contributes to the enhancement of their mental and spiritual well-being. Consequently, the establishment of open areas inside the premises of a care center could serve as a catalyst for promoting outdoor engagement among children, enhancing their physical activity levels. Furthermore, the establishment of appropriate physical environments that facilitate teamwork and persistent engagement can effectively enhance children's sense of solidarity and social connectedness. Eventually, the implementation of an environmental psychology approach in the design of a care center has the potential to improve the psychological and emotional well-being of the children as well as enhance their physical health and vitality. Additionally, this method may encourage a sense of solidarity and social connectedness among the children while also minimizing the adverse impacts of urbanization on society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Presenting the model of behavior compatible with the urban environment on environmental performance
amir mohamad davoodzade seyed mostafa tayebisaniThe purpose of this study is to investigate and provide a model of the impact of environmentally friendly behavior of employees on environmental performance. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature and method, which MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate and provide a model of the impact of environmentally friendly behavior of employees on environmental performance. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature and method, which was conducted in a retrospective manner. The statistical population of the research is all the personnel of the football federation, 153 people, who were examined as a total number. The research tool is the standard questionnaires of green human resources management (Sakhawalkar and Tadani, 2013). Amos software was used for analysis and relationships between variables. The results showed that green human resource management is effective on employees' environmentally friendly behavior and environmental performance, and the obtained model has sufficient fit. Therefore, environmental management methods affect the organizational commitment of employees. Managers should hire people with appropriate skills and abilities to create green knowledge learning areas in the organization. Provide green culture training opportunities for employees and expose employees to various training programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The Effectiveness of Environment Quality of Schools on Students' Academic Self-Concept
Parisa Khayam Nekoui bahram shahedi Kazem yazdiIntroduction and purpose of the research: Since the school environment is the environment for the acquisition of knowledge and all-round development of people, the quality of the school environment affects the positive and negative experience of the students from the sc MoreIntroduction and purpose of the research: Since the school environment is the environment for the acquisition of knowledge and all-round development of people, the quality of the school environment affects the positive and negative experience of the students from the school.After that, the students' perception of the school environment becomes the basis for the development of their academic self-concept and increases their trust and confidence in their abilities.Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explain the effect of improving the quality and environmental perception of the school environment on the academic self-concept of students from a phenomenological point of view. Research method: The current research is qualitative (exploratory) with a descriptive phenomenological approach.The method of data collection was using available authentic documentary sources and semi-structured interviews with students of selected schools in Isfahan city, and the collected information was presented based on the Claysey analysis method in Atlas TI software (8). Findings: The presence of suitable facilities in the school will increase the subjective and objective indicators of the environment, the academic attitude of the students also has a positive effect, and in fact these things have an effect on the individual as environmental stimuli in the school environment. Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that by considering the indicators of the objective and subjective quality of the environment and improving the physical environment of the school based on its spatial qualities, it is effective on the individual's environmental perception, it can be related to the students' feelings towards the school environment and their judgment. It created a positive effect on itself, which will ultimately improve the academic self-concept of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - The Role of Effective Components on the Visual Quality of Environmental Graphics in the Development of Public Spaces (Case Study: District One of Tehran)
katayoon Teymoorian Seyed mani Esnaashari Shohreh alipourIntroduction & Objective: The concept of environmental graphics is one of the concepts of the 21st century, which has become inevitable in the field of urban aesthetics with the rapid development of communication technology and increasing urban population in urban s MoreIntroduction & Objective: The concept of environmental graphics is one of the concepts of the 21st century, which has become inevitable in the field of urban aesthetics with the rapid development of communication technology and increasing urban population in urban spaces. Therefore, the aim of this study is the role of effective components on the visual quality of environmental graphics in the development of public spaces in Tehran Region One. Research method: The research method governing the research is descriptive-analytical. This study seeks to investigate the components affecting the visual quality of environmental graphics in the development of public spaces in region one of Tehran and tries to identify the most important factors affecting the visual quality of environmental graphics. Results: In order to investigate the components affecting the visual quality of environmental graphics in the development of public spaces in Tehran, SPSS software was used to perform Cronbach's alpha tests, KMO, Bartlett, T.test and multiple linear regression. The value of Cronbach's alpha and KMO tests was above 0.7 and also the significance level of Bartlett test was less than 0.05, which indicates the internal and structural reliability and validity of the distributed questionnaires. Conclusion: The results of independent sample t.test showed that in general, the visual quality of environmental graphics in public spaces of region one of Tehran, using multiple linear regression test, determined that the components of color combinations, sociability, unity And the integration of components, composition or background architecture, audience perspective and attention to detail were the most important and effective components of enhancement, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Explores the Dimensions of environmental and the status of urban environment in the development plans of Iran
Saeed Maleki Jafar SaeediIntroduction and research Aim: Nowadays attention to environmental issues in Planning, activities and development Proceedings in cities, can be an effective step to improve the environment conditions and the improvement of quality of life of citizens. Consequently econo MoreIntroduction and research Aim: Nowadays attention to environmental issues in Planning, activities and development Proceedings in cities, can be an effective step to improve the environment conditions and the improvement of quality of life of citizens. Consequently economic conditions, social, cultural, political, there is challenges facing environmental of Iran Country that investigate and identify It can cause determine solution for the management and improvement of the environment the country. Research method: It is an applied research and the method descriptive-analytic. The purpose of this study is to the Investigate of environmental Dimensions and status of urban environment in the development plans of the country. Results: This study is an overview of the status of the environment in development programs of the country, the urban environment in these programs is emphasized. What is apparent by studying development plans of the country, is paying attention to the status of the environment in the process of Legislations program. conclusions: Factors such as lack of coordination in performance, lack of necessary infrastructure, parallel managements, lack of drafted executive regulations in good time and overtaking of economic considerations over the needs of environment conservation lead to reduce the effectiveness of materials Legislation enacted in programs has been. Well as the duty conservation of urban environment in development plans and urban management, has undergone of inconsistencies and neglect of numerous. Therefore decision about to organizing and reform the status quo with the help of new laws, an issue that should to strengthen in real position of urban management, urban development, development plans and explaining the duties of each of the elements involved in preserving the urban environment ranging from Soviets, Municipalities, public institutions, private sector and others to be considered further. Other necessity of changing the mechanism for monitoring and evaluating the performance of environmental programs to create a centralized system In the Environmental Protection Agency and its data Complete by other devices is the relevant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - The relation between visual image of regions within city of Tehran and the expected behavior of citizens
نیره زیبایی دکتر راضیه رضا زادهUrban design and planning is now influenced by new approaches and different schools of thought. The visual image of the city for architects and urban designers is now more important than ever before especially in urban metropolitan centers. The present study MoreUrban design and planning is now influenced by new approaches and different schools of thought. The visual image of the city for architects and urban designers is now more important than ever before especially in urban metropolitan centers. The present study is aimed to investigate the relation between visual image of the city of Tehran and the expected behavior of citizens. The subject group consists of professionals employed in architecture, urban planning, and beautification department of City of Tehran as dispersed in the 22 regional offices. The sample size was 253 consisting of various age groups and both male and female employee. The data was gathered through a designed questionnaire, and the descriptive and analytical statistical techniques were used to explore the data. The results show that the main hypothesis of the research, there is a correlation between the visual image of the city and the expected behavior of citizens. Also the results show that there are correlations between the visual image of Tehran and vandalism, urban security, citizen's calmness and orientation. Therefore it seems that further attention of authorities and urban planners to the issues of visual image of the city of Tehran would provide further possibilities for satisfaction with and preference of citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - A Study of the Factors Affecting the Quality Reduction of the Urban Environment
مجتبی رفیعیان زهرا عسگریزادهThis article was written with the purpose of measuring the dissatisfaction of Navab district through four factors of social-environmental(including lack of environmental health component, not feeling safe, sound pollution and air pollution). Study sample included MoreThis article was written with the purpose of measuring the dissatisfaction of Navab district through four factors of social-environmental(including lack of environmental health component, not feeling safe, sound pollution and air pollution). Study sample included 270 questionnaires and the data was analyzed data using the SPSS software. The results of the research show that all the expected factors in the empirical model within the studied field have a significant relationship with the residents' dissatisfaction rate with their environment (P <.05). In general, Navab residents' dissatisfaction among the factors reviewed were evaluated above its average (5 <3.41> 1with theoretical mean of 3). The annoyance of the residents has been high and more than average. The highest rate of dissatisfaction of the residents has been due to suffering from the air pollution (3> 2.89> 1with theoretical mean of 2) and the lowest has been due to the Environmental Health (3> 2.02> 1with theoretical means of 2) was evaluated which was evaluated moderate. The results from studying the three independent variables of gender, age and length of stay in area influencing the amount of dissatisfaction, the results showed that none of these variables have influenced the perception of residents' annoyance (P> .05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Explaining the Factors Affecting on the Environmental Ethical Behavior of Villagers According to Experts of Jihad Agriculture and Environmental Organizations in Khuzestan Province
mohammad reza siedi masoud baradaran masoud YazdanpanahThe instability of production and the reduction of food security have been the result of man's profitable use of nature's capacities. In the field of environmental protection, the behavior of human beings as a key factor in the formation of environmental problems is irr MoreThe instability of production and the reduction of food security have been the result of man's profitable use of nature's capacities. In the field of environmental protection, the behavior of human beings as a key factor in the formation of environmental problems is irrefutable. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to identify the factors influencing the ethical behavior of the villagers, according to Experts of Jihad Agriculture and Environmental Organizations in Khuzestan Province using Grounded Theory method. In this method, coding is a basic technique for data analysis that has a three-step process and includes: Open Coding, Axial Coding and Selective Coding. In the Open coding phase, after conducting 10 in-depth interviews with employees of Jihad-Agriculture Organization and Khuzestan Province Environmental Organization, Line-by-line analysis was used to analyze the findings. Then the sentences and paragraphs were broken down into concepts. In the Axial coding stage of the categories, three categories: Political factors "," environmental ethics Perspective "and" educational factors "were identified as the main categories. Finally, the research paradigm model was drawn, considering the main categories under the terms casual condition, the cynicism of the villagers and the educators about each other as interventionist conditions, drought and lack of fallow as background, and necessary strategies to implement ethical behavior with the environment and their its associated consequences among the villagers, were formulated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Analysis of factors affecting food literacy among Shiraz University Students
Bahareh Zarei Manesh Razieh NamdarToday, achieving food security is far more difficult than in previous decades, despite the growing climate change, the increasing population of the world, and the degradation of nature's environmental capacity to produce food. Food literacy as an emerging concept has be MoreToday, achieving food security is far more difficult than in previous decades, despite the growing climate change, the increasing population of the world, and the degradation of nature's environmental capacity to produce food. Food literacy as an emerging concept has been proposed a viable way to achieve food security and is a promising approach to healthy and proper nutrition for society, as it emphasizes the essential aspects of food, including skill, health, and environmental protection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dimensions and factors affecting food literacy among postgraduate students of Shiraz University. According to the research findings, the total means of students studied was at a desirable level in terms of food literacy, but in terms of factors such as nutrition style and environmental literacy at a low level and in terms of environmental concerns at very low level. The study found that there was no difference between students in terms of food literacy and different levels of household income and major. But married students had higher levels of food literacy than single students. The results of the causal relationship test in the form of path analysis test showed that among the variables included in the path analysis, environmental literacy (0.43) and environmental concern (0.29) were the most influential in terms of food literacy and the use of media and information resources (-0.06) showed the least impacts. Based on the results, some recommendation have been made to improve food literacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Investigating the Effect of Carbon Sequestration Plan on Principle of Broaden Participation in Building Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems (Case study: Khatam, Jajarm and Galikesh counties)
Hossein Moradi Majid Rahimi Sirous ShamshiriThe resilience of social-ecological systems to environmental changes such as climate change requires the guarantee of environmental systems such as water supply systems and human resources such as resource governance systems and stakeholder participation. In Iran, the I MoreThe resilience of social-ecological systems to environmental changes such as climate change requires the guarantee of environmental systems such as water supply systems and human resources such as resource governance systems and stakeholder participation. In Iran, the International Carbon Sequestration Project, in cooperation, was initially launched in 2005 with the aim of preventing the phenomenon of desertification. Therefore, in this study, the local communities of the three target areas of this project, including Khatam, Jajarm and Oghan watershed of Galikesh and the impact of the project on the broaden of stakeholder participation were examined. For this purpose, two villages from each region were selected by simple random sampling and a questionnaire measuring the broaden participation among farmers and ranchers in the target villages was completed. The results showed that the implementation of carbon sequestration plan in the three study areas in the five dimensions studied did not increase the broaden participation to an acceptable level. Also, the comparison of the performance of the three regions showed that in Jajarm, the weakest performance and in Galikesh, the best performance has been done in order to expand the participation of stakeholders. Indicators of broaden participation were acceptable only in Ogan watershed and Khatam in 14 out of 90 possible cases. As a result, transparency of goals and expectations, presence and involvement of stakeholders, facilitation, and leadership, capacity building, power, and sourcing in all aspects of social, economic, organizational, infrastructure, and social capital have not performed well. Therefore, the resilience of ecosystem services in the three study areas will be jeopardized due to the lack of expansion of stakeholder participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Investigating factors affecting the behavior of chemical fertilizer consumption: A study of corn growers in Daroodfaraman village, Kermanshah city
amir mansourian Mohammad jalali farzad eskandariThe main aim of the present study was to investigate the factors influencing the behavior of chemical fertilizer consumption among corn farmers in Daroodfaraman district of Kermanshah city. For this purpose, a quantitative paradigm was used. The statistical population i MoreThe main aim of the present study was to investigate the factors influencing the behavior of chemical fertilizer consumption among corn farmers in Daroodfaraman district of Kermanshah city. For this purpose, a quantitative paradigm was used. The statistical population in this research included all the corn farmers of Duroodfaraman village of Kermanshah city who had cultivated corn last year (N=80). Using random sampling method and Karjesi and Morgan table, 80 of them were selected to conduct the research. The main tool of data collection in this research was a standard questionnaire whose validity was examined and verified using content and construct validity and its reliability using composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS version 25 and SmartPLS version 3 software were used for data analysis in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study showed that the intention to use chemical fertilizer has a positive and significant effect at the level of 1% on the chemical fertilizer consumption behavior of the corn farmers of Darud Faraman district, and this variable is able to explain 22% of the variance of the chemical fertilizer consumption behavior of the studied farmers. Also, the results of the study showed that the variables of moral norms, attitude towards chemical fertilizer consumption and mental norms by explaining 73% of the changes in the variable of intention to use chemical fertilizer of the corn farmers of Darudfaraman district indirectly have a positive and significant effect on the behavior of chemical fertilizer consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Ways of Reducing Environmental Hazards of Chemical Waste Intakes from the Viewpoints of Agri-Jihad and Environment Organization Experts in the City of Sari
Hossein i Ahmadi Gorji Kheil Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi Maryam Omidi najafabadiThe aim of this study was to identifying ways of reducing the environmental hazards of chemical inputs from the experts' point of view in Agricultural Jihad and Environment Organization of Sari, Mazandaran province. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1 MoreThe aim of this study was to identifying ways of reducing the environmental hazards of chemical inputs from the experts' point of view in Agricultural Jihad and Environment Organization of Sari, Mazandaran province. The statistical population of the study consisted of 106 experts working in the Jihad-e-Agriculture and Environment Organization of Sari. Data were collected using a census method, using a questionnaire its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was reported by Cronbach's alpha of 0.938 Factor analysis showed that the solutions were classified into five factors that explain the educational strategies as the first factor of 9.467% of total dispersion. The second factor, called the ‘’Social-Political’’ strategies, was 8.616%, the third factor called the ‘’Economic’’ strategies 7.066%, the fourth factor called the‘’Motivational’’strategies of 6.915%, and finally the fifth factor, called the ‘’Technical’’ solutions, was 6.81% of the variation of total of the above mentioned factors could explain 38.873% of the total variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Analyzing Individual and Environmental Factors Affecting on Entrepreneurship Development of Agricultural Students in Bu-Ali Sina University
Maryam Yosefi Mohamadi Faezeh Goli Reza MovahrdiThis applied study was a descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study was both graduated and undergraduate students from Bu-Ali Sina University (N=200) from those 120 samples were selected by Cochran's sample size formula (n=120). Data were collected thro MoreThis applied study was a descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study was both graduated and undergraduate students from Bu-Ali Sina University (N=200) from those 120 samples were selected by Cochran's sample size formula (n=120). Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire structured in six parts with 76 both open and closed questions. The validity of the questionnaire's questions was verified by a group of experts and the reliability of the questionnaire during a pre-test was calculated by Cronbach's Alpha test. The reliability rate of the questions for different parts of the questionnaire was higher than 0.87. Data analyzing method in descriptive section was done using mean, frequency and coefficient of variation and in analytical section some test such as correlation coefficients (Spearman, Pearson, Kendal tau) and factor analysis for analyzing the most important environmental factors affecting on entrepreneurship were used. Results showed a significant relationship between the students' age, level of education and their level of entrepreneurship. The results also revealed a significant relationship between some individual characteristics of the students i.e. flexibility, perseverance, and leadership and the level of entrepreneurship. Results from ordinal regression analysis indicated that group leadership, flexibility, effort and perseverance explained, skill 41 percent of the probability of variance of entrepreneurship variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Demographic Analysis of Villagers’ Perception toward Environmental Sustainability of Rural Areas in Baghmalek Township, Khuzestan Province
S.kosar Mousapour Amir Naeimi Roholah RezaeiThe goal of this descriptive survey research was to demographic analysis of villagers’ perception toward environmental sustainability of rural areas in Baghmalek Township. Statistical population of the study was rural households in central region of Baghmalek town MoreThe goal of this descriptive survey research was to demographic analysis of villagers’ perception toward environmental sustainability of rural areas in Baghmalek Township. Statistical population of the study was rural households in central region of Baghmalek township located at Khuzestan Province (N=3005). Sample size determined via Krejcie and Morgan’s table (n=341). Sampling method was proportional stratified random sampling. Research instrument was questionnaire. Face and content validity of the questionnaire revised and verified by panel of experts. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, a pilot test was conducted then Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated (α=0.80). Descriptive results showed that villagers’ perception toward environmental sustainability was less than moderate level. Results of Compare mean tests showed that there was a significant difference between perceptions of villagers who have participated in natural resource projects and those who have not participated toward environmental sustainability (ES). Results of One way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between perceptions of villagers with different occupations toward ES. Results of Correlation analysis showed that variable such as: duration of residence in the village and literacy had significant and negative relationships with perceptions of villagers toward ES. Moreover, size of agricultural land had a significant and positive relationship with perceptions of villagers toward ES. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - The Effect of Social learning on Environmental Destructive Behaviors in Farmers with Emphasis on the Role of Extension Training
Seyed Ahmad Mir Mohamad Tabar Mohamad Mazlom Khorasani Mohsen noghani Ali Silanian tosiSocial learning is one of the important ideas related to behavioral training in community members. Learning process has both positive and negative effects on environmental degradation behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the positive and negative effe MoreSocial learning is one of the important ideas related to behavioral training in community members. Learning process has both positive and negative effects on environmental degradation behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the positive and negative effects of learning and education on environmental destructive behaviors. The method of this research is descriptive correlations and the data was collected using a survey technique and a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of the study was farmers in the villages of Fereydonkenar Township of 6000 people. The sample size was calculated using Krejcie and Morgan table formula of 361 people. Sampling method is Multi-stage random sampling. The results of the study showed that the average of water and soil contamination behaviors in respondents is about 1.2 (out of 4) and the average use of chemical pesticides and deep wells is about 3.1 (out of 10). The results of structural equation model showed that the most effect on environmental destructive behaviors was related to severity of differential associations variables (β = 0.72), frequency association with friends (β = 0.26) and frequency association with family (β = 0.17). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The Attitude of Owners and Managers of Agricultural SMEs toward ICT Application in Environmental Education (Case Study: Kermanshah and Ilam provinces)
عبدالحمید Papzan حسین Mahdizadeh زهره Motamedinia -
Open Access Article
181 - A Russell Measure for Modeling Environmental Performance
H. Zare Haghighi M. Rostamy-Malkhalifeh -
Open Access Article
182 - Effect of different levels of polychaete worm perinereis nuntia in broodstock diets of Pacific white shrimp penaeus vannamei on growth performance, survival and resistance to environmental stresses
لیلا مرحمتیزاده، میرمسعود سجادی، ایمان سورینژاد، مهرنوش دریا .This study was conducted to investigate the use of polychaete worm Perinereis nuntia in broodstock diets of Pacific White shrimp Penaeus vannamei and its effects on growth performance, survival rate and resistance to environmental stresses in their 15 day post larvae in MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the use of polychaete worm Perinereis nuntia in broodstock diets of Pacific White shrimp Penaeus vannamei and its effects on growth performance, survival rate and resistance to environmental stresses in their 15 day post larvae in Kolahi restocking center in Hormozgan province. Three treatments were considered with three replicates. Larvae from broodstock fed with squid, Pen shell and cow liver were placed in treatment one, squid, Pen shell, cow liver and 8% polychaete worm in treatment two and squid, Pen shell, cow liver and 12% polychaete worm in treatment three. Larvae growth including total length and wet weight were investigated. To determine resistance against salinity stress (10, 20, 40 and 50 ppt), thermal stress (10, 20, 40 and 50 °C) and formaldehyde stress (100 ppm), larvae were exposed to these stresses for 30 minutes and the survival rate was calculated in each treatment. The highest and lowest average length and weight belonged to treatment three and treatment one, respectively and treatment one was significantly different from treatments two and three (P<0.05). In resistance to environmental stresses, the highest survival rate belonged to treatment three and the lowest to treatment one. Larvae survival was not different between treatments in salinity and formaldehyde stresses while treatments two and three had higher survival compared to treatment one in thermal stresses of 10 and 50°C (P<0.05). Based on the results, use of polychaete worm P. nuntia in broodstock diet of Pacific White shrimp could increase growth indices and resistance to environmental stresses in their larvae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Qualitative Modeling for Managing Water Allocation in Rivers
Sepideh Sahami Alireza Shokoohi Behnaz Khatar Farbod ChehrzadBackground and Aim: Evaluating the response of rivers to natural changes and man-made manipulations are of great importance in managing river water quality. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the negative effects of quantitative management without qualitative MoreBackground and Aim: Evaluating the response of rivers to natural changes and man-made manipulations are of great importance in managing river water quality. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the negative effects of quantitative management without qualitative management of river flow. In this regard, by simulating water quality in river exploitation scenarios based on environmental policies, including minimum flow allocation, reduction of flow quality from aquaculture standards, taking into account the quality factors and pollution caused by the development of marginal urban communities, will be discussed.Method: The present study, which should be omitted was conducted on the Azadrud River in the Sarvabad region of Kurdistan Province. In this regard, by measuring quantitative and qualitative parameters in two monthly periods, the QUAL2KW quality model was calibrated and validated. In the first part of the study, the quality of the river along 22 km was simulated by changing the flow rate based on flow allocation scenarios in the Tenant method, and in the second part, the values of qualitative parameters in different flow management scenarios were compared with the accepted standard values for aquaculture (fish).Results: Based on the results, while the minimum environmental discharge according to the Tenant method for the studied river is 1.1 m3/sec, the critical quality discharge for March and April were estimated at 7.7 and 10 m3/sec, respectively. The study showed that the poor tenant scenario is not suitable for allocating the minimum environmental flow to meet the quality requirements of the river at all. Conclusion: The results showed that the conventional flow allocation method, i.e., without considering the quality conditions of the river, is not suitable and can cause serious damage to the environmental conditions of the river. This study showed that ignoring the quality conditions at the time of flow allocation causes the ecological health of the stream to be lost and the river to not meet the required standard for aquaculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Evaluating and Modifying the Texas Method as a Hydrologic Method for Prescribing Ecological Regime in Perennial Rivers
Behnaz Khatar Alireza ShokoohiThis study aims at evaluating and modifying the Texas method for allocating environmental flow. This hydrologic method, while using the minimum amount of data, is a rival for the Tenant method and has the capability of introducing an amount of discharge to maintain the MoreThis study aims at evaluating and modifying the Texas method for allocating environmental flow. This hydrologic method, while using the minimum amount of data, is a rival for the Tenant method and has the capability of introducing an amount of discharge to maintain the ecological regime of rivers. In this paper, after distinguishing the worthiness of the Texas method and observing some differences between the results of the method and the historical regime in the case study, the method was modified in such a way that while preserving the basic principal of the original method, could propose a flow regime which was laid between the observed long-term minimum and mean monthly discharges. The new method is called the Modified Texas method. For evaluating the Texas and Modified Texas methods concerning the allocated annual volume, the equivalent scenario from the Tennant method was employed. The allocated volumes by the Modified Texas, Texas, and Tenant methods were 50%, 47%, and 40-60%, respectively. This paper, concerning the achieved results for the case study, shows that employing the Texas and Modified Texas methods instead of the Tenant method and enhancing the method to the level of a native method provides reasonable results comparable with those of the habitat simulation or holistic methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Digital Soil Mapping of Soil Classes in Floodplain and Low Relief Lands (Case Study: Hirmand County)
Mohammad Reza Pahlavan Rad Seyed Javad Forghani Mehrdad Esfandyari Ali Mohammadi TorkashvandThis study was conducted in order to digital mapping soil classes according to WRB system was conducted by boosted regression tree (BRT) method on about 60.000 hectares of Hirmand county lands. 108 soil profiles were dug and soil profiles were sampled and described base MoreThis study was conducted in order to digital mapping soil classes according to WRB system was conducted by boosted regression tree (BRT) method on about 60.000 hectares of Hirmand county lands. 108 soil profiles were dug and soil profiles were sampled and described based on WRB system. Twenty environmental covariates were used as estimators for soil mapping including terrain attributes and remote sensing covariates. Results showed that the young soil covered the study area and mostly influenced by flood sediment which classified as Fluvisol and Cambisol groups and Solonchak group in salt -affected area. The variable importance showed that the environmental attributes such as Multi-resolution Valley Bottom Flatness Index (MrVBF), Valley Depth, Convergence Index, Catchment Area and Salinity Index (NDSI) had the highest importance among all covariates for two levels of WRB prediction. The validation results showed that the BRT model could predict WRB1 and WRB2 levels with overall accuracy of 47 and 25%, respectively, and also from WRB1 to WRB2 levels the accuracy decreased. In low relief area and young soil that the low soils variability, digital soil mapping approach could be useful, efficient, and fast technique to produce and predict soil classes map. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Determining Hydrological Drought Characteristics Using Severity-Duration-Frequency Curves and Flow Thresholds Levels in Ardabil Province Rivers
Hamed Amini Abazar EsmaliOuri Raoof Mostafazadeh Mearaj Sharari Mohsen ZabihiBackground and Aim: Drought is a global phenomenon that can occur anywhere and cause significant damage to humans and natural ecosystems. Therefore, the issue of hydrological drought and reduction of river flow in Ardabil province is also an important issue that require MoreBackground and Aim: Drought is a global phenomenon that can occur anywhere and cause significant damage to humans and natural ecosystems. Therefore, the issue of hydrological drought and reduction of river flow in Ardabil province is also an important issue that requires a comprehensive study.Method: In this study, hydrological drought characteristics are using Severity-Duration-Frequency (SDF) curves considering four different threshold levels (constant, annual average, seasonal, and environmental flow) in 33 hydrometric stations in Ardabil province. The severities of drought events are calculated using Easy-Fit software in different return periods. In this regard, drought magnitude-duration-frequency curves are calculated and based on that, the values of drought events in different return periods are calculated and analyzed.Results: The highest drought event is determined for constant, seasonal, yearly, E-flow threshold levels in Samina, Mashiran, Booran, and Samian stations, respectively. Also, the lowest occurrence of drought is associated with the Vildaragh station. The majority of drought events in all four aforementioned thresholds are mostly observed in shorter durations, especially within one-month periods. The Jonson_SB and General Extreme Value distributions were the most suitable statistical distributions. The highest intensity of drought increases with longer return periods associated with the average annual threshold level, and the lowest intensity of hydrological drought is linked to the threshold of environmental flow. The SDF curves for all stations demonstrate an increasing trend, indicating that with prolonged hydrological drought duration in all studied thresholds, the severity of hydrological drought occurrences also increases. The greatest intensity of hydrological drought is sequentially related to the annual threshold, followed by the seasonal threshold and the fixed threshold, with the threshold of environmental flow being the lowest and least. Consequently, for shorter return periods, the fixed threshold indicates greater intensity or magnitude compared to the seasonal threshold in all four stations, and for longer return periods, the seasonal threshold demonstrates higher intensity of drought events compared to the fixed threshold.Conclusion: Furthermore, it can be concluded that the magnitude of hydrological drought at a fixed threshold shows less variability in all four selected stations compared to the other thresholds. It should be noted that in defining drought based on fixed, annual, and seasonal thresholds, events will have a higher number and greater intensity compared to the environmental flow threshold. The spatial changes in drought intensity are depicted on the map, indicating that most droughts have occurred in stations located in the northern and north-western regions (Borran and Dostbiglou). Separating the effects of human and climatic factors in drought assessment is a suggestion from this study that could be considered in future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Analysis of runoff, suspended sediment and nutrient yield from different tributaries to Zarivar lake in event and base flows
Shirko Ebrahimi Mohammadi Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi Kamran ChapiAlthough spatial and temporal variability of hydrological parameters are the main inputs for effective soil and water resources management in watershed scale, but this important subject has been scarcely taken into account. Hence, the runoff, suspended sediment and nutr MoreAlthough spatial and temporal variability of hydrological parameters are the main inputs for effective soil and water resources management in watershed scale, but this important subject has been scarcely taken into account. Hence, the runoff, suspended sediment and nutrient (Nitrate and Phosphate) yields from main tributaries of the Zarivar Lake were determined and their spatial and temporal variations were also investigated. A number of eight sampling points on the seven lake tributaries were monitored from March 2011 to April 2012 under base flow condition by daily sampling and event bases by hourly sampling intervals. The total yields of runoff, suspended sediment, nitrate and phosphate to the Zarivar lake during the study period were obtained to be 9.7 Mm3, 685.4 t, 25.4 t and 1.15 t, respectively. Almost seven storms were occurred during the same period due to which 1.61 Mm3 runoff, 685.4 t suspended sediments, 4 t nitrate and 211 Kg phosphate were transported. Some 8.1 Mm3 runoff, 718.65 kg suspended sediments, 21.4 t nitrate and 994.35 Kg phosphate were also entered into the Zarivar lake during base flow condition. The results of this study showed that northern parts of the watershed mainly contributed in runoff and nitrate yields. The maximum suspended sediments were also yielded by northern and western parts of the watershed. Whereas, the western parts of the watershed yielded the maximum phosphate to the Zarivar lake. The maximum contribution of runoff, suspended sediments, nitrate and phosphate were respectively happened in spring and winter seasons. About 82 percent of suspended sediments entered to the Zarivar lake during the study period just by one spring event with a duration of some 50 h. It clearly revealed more temporal variability of the suspended sediment and therefore further precaution for better management of soil and water resources of the closed Zarivar lake watershed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Application of multivariate statistical methods and environmental pollution indices in evaluation of distribution of heavy metals
Hashem Shamsadin Vahidreza Jalali Azam JafariMultivariate statistical techniques, i.e., correlation coefficient analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA), were applied to the total concentrations of hazardous metals in soils around the Sarcheshmeh mine, that it is one of MoreMultivariate statistical techniques, i.e., correlation coefficient analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA), were applied to the total concentrations of hazardous metals in soils around the Sarcheshmeh mine, that it is one of the largest Oligo-Miocene porphyry copper deposits in the world. For the study, 100 surface soil samples were collected around the mining and processing complex. The total concentration of heavy metals was measured by using four acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). Various indices including geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (CF) were used for determining the contamination level of soil in the study area. Based on geo-accumulation index (Igeo), major and minor hazardous element in the region was Cd and Zn, respectively. Enrichment factor (CF) has revealed that the main soil pollutant was Cd element and the minimum soil pollutant in region was induced from Co. The results obtained from the application of multivariate techniques on the soil data set showed that there is positively correlation between the elements such as Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, Fe and Mn in the study area. Also, there was a strong relationship among these elements based on the PCA and CA classification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Judaism and the Environment
معصومه انصاری فاطمه لاجوردیMost of the Jewish rituals have been formed in connection with naturethroughout history. Mishna and Talmud elaborated the nature-orientedteachings of the Bible in order to protect the environment. So Jews whobehave in accordance with the teachings of Torah must choose t MoreMost of the Jewish rituals have been formed in connection with naturethroughout history. Mishna and Talmud elaborated the nature-orientedteachings of the Bible in order to protect the environment. So Jews whobehave in accordance with the teachings of Torah must choose theways that are compatible with natural changes, such as the emergenceof seasons, to cause the least damage to the environment. This articletries to describe the Jews’ view on God, man and nature and explaintheir solution to the environmental crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - The Effect of Environmental Conditions, Planting and Harvest Time on the Quantity and Technological Values of Beet Sugars Cultivated in West Part of Iran
M. E. Bahrami M. HonarvarIntroduction: Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) might be considered as one of the most important agricultural plants. The quality and technological values of sugar beets differ from each other and are considered important in sugar industry. The technological values of sugar MoreIntroduction: Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) might be considered as one of the most important agricultural plants. The quality and technological values of sugar beets differ from each other and are considered important in sugar industry. The technological values of sugar beet are defined as physical and chemical properties that might be changed by different environmental conditions and genotypes and also determined after extraction of sugar in industry. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out during the years 1391-1392 in Hamedan sugar factory. First, the influences of different climatical conditions on the technological values of sugar beet that were planted in the western part of Iran were determined. Various harvesting times were chosen to evaluate the effect of harvesting time on the quality of sugar beet and finally the effects of genotypes on the quality of the products were demonstrated. Results: Significant differences related to the influence of different climatical conditions on sugar beet quality were observed. In the case of harvesting time, the results indicated that the concentrations of sodium, potassium and nitrogen can vary at different times. The genotype affected the concentrations of potassium and nitrogen as well as the alkalinity coefficient of sugar beets. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that different environmental conditions are most important factors that influence the sugar beet quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Study on Predictive Models Relating Physico-chemical Properties of Iranian Royal Jelly and it’s Sensory Evaluation
soheila kamyab Maryam Gharachorloo Masoud Honarvar Mehrdad Ghavami -
Open Access Article
192 - Prioritizing Between Pakdasht Combined Cycle Power Plant And Kahak Wind Power Plant Based On Environmental Criteria
Seyed hasan fatemi Forogh Farsad Seyed Mahmoud Shariat farzam babaeiIntroduction & Aim: Environmental pollutions are the side effects of industrial activities which put the environment in danger. On the other hand, by growing the population and increasing the electricity usage in the country, it’s necessary to construct new po MoreIntroduction & Aim: Environmental pollutions are the side effects of industrial activities which put the environment in danger. On the other hand, by growing the population and increasing the electricity usage in the country, it’s necessary to construct new power plants. Power plants were prioritized based on different criteria. In this research based on the environmental, social and economical dimention , Kahak wind powerplant (the biggest wind powerplant) and Pakdasht Combined cycle powerplant (the biggest combined cycle powerplant in Iran) were studied. Methods: In this research, Multi criteria decision making methods such as AHP and Topsis were used .to select the priority of the power plants. These two are the most important and optimal decision making methods .Results: Among the five environmental criteria which were chosen by experts, water (weight of 0.451) was placed in the first rank . Other criteria like weather (weight of 0.223), social and economical effects (weight of 0.120), soil (weight of 0.114) and other environmental effects (weight of .081) were placed in second to fifth rank.Discussion & conclusion: As a result , based on the expert’s opinion ( Delphis` panel) construction of more suitable powerplants as Wind cycle powerplants are more suitable than combined cycle .because of less environmental pollution and degredation and also are moved toward environmental sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Environmental Design of Civic Wastes Location, with Emphasis on Ecological Landscape Design (Case study: Kahrizak landfill of Tehran)
seyed fazel ghazavi fereshteh habib Sara NahibiBackground and Objective: Landfills cause environmental degradation and pollution by producing greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide and producing leachate as well as contaminating surface and ground water. Recently, the ecological design approach as a fra MoreBackground and Objective: Landfills cause environmental degradation and pollution by producing greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide and producing leachate as well as contaminating surface and ground water. Recently, the ecological design approach as a framework for reducing environmental degradation by adapting municipal solid waste management to environmental processes is expanding widely. Ecological design strives to maximize comfort by minimizing damage to the environment and natural processes while enhancing people's quality of life. Ecological design strives to adapt to nature through the use of natural materials as well as environmental considerations.Method: In the present study, according to the definition of sustainable design and understanding its applications, in order to achieve the best, most complete and practical design for the site in question, existing maps of the area, including aerial maps, topography , GIS, vegetation, upstream maps, site development plans, survey of active sites in Landfill, survey of contaminant types, study of COD and BOD indices of the site have been studied, as well as review and identification of existing status (Environmental, Physical, Climatic, Landscape, Land Use, Transportation, Biological) through observation, photography and interviewing strategic design of this area is provided with ecological-based approach by site staff and residents of neighboring neighborhoods in accordance with the principles and principles governing the design of industrial environments.Findings: The existing plan prevents contamination of groundwater levels and prevents contaminated surrounding urban areas and agricultural lands. Restoration of damaged parts of the landfill, reduction of the risk of contamination by animals and noise pollution and unpleasant odors and its release into the atmosphere. The landfill is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the country through biogas production from landfill gas collection and reduction of fossil fuel use. By collecting and using Landfill gases as fuel and power generation, the rate of emissions to the atmosphere is reduced. Maximum use of biogas is due to the greater use of digesters.Discussion & Conclusion: Design criteria are mainly based on existing constraints and needs and make the designer's policy clearer and significantly help in locating applications. Applying these criteria will help to enhance opportunities and take advantage of existing opportunities and make the project less threatening. After developing the strategies, designing from different perspectives is done to finally select the best plan for implementation by reviewing the concepts and comparing them with each other and in accordance with international standards. At the end of the study, the three concepts are finally selected and after examining these three concepts together, the winning concept is selected for the execution phase. Landfill is an inevitable step in waste management. In today's growing population, landfill has become an integral part of communities, but landfills should not be used as a last resort, but rather as a mean to create new uses for it. Converting landfills to recreational uses while also providing a pleasant place to meet the recreational and sporting needs of the area's inhabitants. Human landfill contaminates the area and destroys many animals and causes major disturbance in nature. Brings to enhance the quality of the landfills and with as the landfill site becomes more prone to disruption, it is necessary to look at the area as a demolished mosaic and take steps to repair it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - An economic model for food packaging waste management with a sustainable development approach
avideh Asadollahi Hamid Tohidi Ahmad ShojaBackground and Objective: Today, food packaging waste management is a challenge on a global scale that has faced many economic constraints in developing countries. If this waste is not managed properly, it will have irreparable consequences on the quality of the environ MoreBackground and Objective: Today, food packaging waste management is a challenge on a global scale that has faced many economic constraints in developing countries. If this waste is not managed properly, it will have irreparable consequences on the quality of the environment and human health. The purpose of this paper is to select sustainable scenarios for packaging waste management based on product design. Material and Methodology: In this research, by simulating a mathematical model, the costs of waste management scenarios and at the same time the detrimental effects on environmental quality and human health have been minimized. The proposed model, which can be used in various industries, has been implemented using binary genetic optimization algorithm, taking into account the design details, life cycle analysis and end-of-life options (in the form of 9 management scenarios). Findings: In general, estimating the optimal solution of the proposed model in each product group, shows the winning scenario appropriate to the optimal design alternative, which is an economic option with the least destructive effects on the environment and human health. The results of model implementation for a real example show in seven product groups defined four scenarios (25% source reduction, 25% recycling and 45% incineration and only 5% landfill) and scenario five (source reduction by 60% and incineration of 30% of waste and 10% landfill) are the winning options for optimal designs in most product groups. Discussion and Conclusion: The simulated model helps manufacturers to have a proper estimate of the environmental and economic consequences of the designed product. This research also enables decision makers and policy makers to achieve the goals of sustainable development, by legislating more manufacturers to accept responsibility for end-of-life management of their products as well as municipalities to set up a network. Encourage urban waste management systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Quality of Life Based on Housing Satisfaction (Gulshan Neighborhood of Tehran)
Ehsan Dorostkar Roghiye Vadayeh KheiryIntroduction and Objective: Quality of life in urban residential environments, including cities in Iran, faces a variety of risks that reduce residents' satisfaction. By identifying the factors that promote the quality of life in urban areas, this study seeks to determi MoreIntroduction and Objective: Quality of life in urban residential environments, including cities in Iran, faces a variety of risks that reduce residents' satisfaction. By identifying the factors that promote the quality of life in urban areas, this study seeks to determine whether optimal residential satisfaction can be achieved. Also suggested in Golshan neighborhood as case study, in order to achieve a better quality of life, interventions should be made in the areas of housing, public transport, open spaces and green areas, and solutions to improve them. The Purpose and the Model: The overall objective of the present study was to measure and localize the quality of life indicators in the Golshan neighborhood and to present strategies for improving the quality of life. The satisfaction model is designed as a basis for evaluating the indicators of quality of life in the four dimensions of physical-spatial, socio-economic, functional-service and environmental. Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical and in order to final evaluation and data analysis, SPSS software and statistical methods such as mean, Spearman correlation coefficient were used. The method of collecting field information is through objective researcher interviews and interviewing the authorities and filling out the questionnaire. Conclusion: Evaluations and analysis results show that the overall satisfaction of residents in Golshan is moderate. The highest satisfaction with the criteria of high neighborhood relations among residents, area of residential unit, sense of belonging to the neighborhood, etc. is expressed. The study also found that among the individual characteristics, gender, occupation, education and number of households in terms of collective dimensions were more important in affecting residential satisfaction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Content analysis of elementary Persian books from the perspective of attention to environmental elements
Sirous Mahmoudi Mahmoud Sharafi Parisa ZareBackground and Objective:The global view of the environmental elements shows the dangerous situation in the world. Among the serious dangers of the 21st century are various environmental issues such as the destruction of forests and green spaces, global warming, the rap MoreBackground and Objective:The global view of the environmental elements shows the dangerous situation in the world. Among the serious dangers of the 21st century are various environmental issues such as the destruction of forests and green spaces, global warming, the rapid consumption of energy and food, the depletion of the ozone layer, the reduction of natural resources, drought, the increasing population growth, and the loss of diversity. Biological, and all types of pollution. One of the ways to reduce these problems is teaching environmental concepts in childhood and using children's literature. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate and evaluate the level of attention to environmental elements in Persian books of the elementary school.Material and Methodology: The research method is descriptive of type of content analysis. The statistical population includes the books of persian from the first to the sixth grade, which investigated totally without any sampling. A researcher-made content analysis inventory which was compiled by expert judgments.Findings: The results of the research showed that in the Persian books of the elementary period, the most attention is paid to the elements of "natural places and wildlife" with 43.3%, "tree work, green space and forest preservation" with 24.7% of cases. The lowest frequency is related to the elements "biodiversity", "population growth", "natural resources", "optimal consumption", "environmental definitions", "garbage", "biological problems and threats" and "environmental pollution".Discussion and Conclusion: Environmental concepts and teachings do not have a proper place in Persian books of the elementary school. Considering the environmental problems in the country, environmental components should be more prominent in Persian books and other books related to children.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Environmental terrorism centered on armed conflict in the light of international criminal law
behrooz sepehri nourooz kargari Mohammad Ashouri ghassem ghassemiEnvironmental terrorism is a violent behavior that with the intention of depriving the peace, order and security of human societies, by targeting the environment, endangers human life and health and environmental security and whenever at the same time with Conflicts Arm MoreEnvironmental terrorism is a violent behavior that with the intention of depriving the peace, order and security of human societies, by targeting the environment, endangers human life and health and environmental security and whenever at the same time with Conflicts Armed and on the part of one of the parties to the conflict, it causes extensive and irreparable damage and not only endangers the health and life of the contemporary generation, but also endangers the health of future generations and deprives the healthy of environment. Therefore, reviewing strategies to deal with such events is the main purpose of current research. The present research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner and in the form of citations through the use of library and electronic resources including books, articles, dissertations, regulations and international documents in Persian and English languages. The only way to fight with this criminal phenomenon is to bind the parties to the conflict to the norms and regulations related to international humanitarian law and to criminalize the violation of such regulations, in order to control the violence of the conflicting parties within the limits of international regulations. Violation of such regulations will result in criminal prosecution charges of "international crimes" or "serious crimes of international importance." Although Article 5 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court 1998 does not forecast environmental terrorism as an international crime, but because of the profound and irreparable harmful effects on human life and health and the health of the environment and the possibility of spreading such effects to remote areas. And even to future generations, international legal doctrine and documents recognize environmental terrorism as an acute example of terrorism and its importance in the line of international crimes and the effects of international crimes on it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Investigating Viewpoint of Citizens about the Status of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) in the Urban Parks of Yazd
Maryam Jafari Najafabadi Hamid SodaiezadehBackground and Objective: Strengthening urban green space, providing tranquility for people living in the city and spending leisure time in parks is a feature of urban parks, and on the other hand with the focus of the urban population, attention to health, safety and e MoreBackground and Objective: Strengthening urban green space, providing tranquility for people living in the city and spending leisure time in parks is a feature of urban parks, and on the other hand with the focus of the urban population, attention to health, safety and environmental issues in the park, urban development is of particular importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate and determine people's views on health, safety and environmental issues of the city park in order to ultimately use the results for better urban management and promotion of safety, health and environmental indicators of Yazd city parks. Method: Therefore, after determining the factors affecting the safety, health and environment of urban parks through library studies and activities previously carried out to receipt of the citizens’ opinion about the health, safety and the environment of a number of important parks in Yazd, the questionnaire method was used and the results were analyzed by SPSS 22. Findings: Results show that people opinion about environmental, health and safety indices are obtained about 69.2%, 67% and 62.4%, recpectively. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the importance of Health, Safety and Environment in urban places, editing documents and comprehensive framework in the field of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) and the control and monitoring of these factors is an effective step to solve problems that urban planners have, consequently the pass to sustainable development will be easier. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - COMPONENTS AND CHALLENGES IN CODIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME INDICES AS AN INTERNATIONAL CRIME
maryam jambozorg Mansour Pournouri Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi Davoud Hermidas BavandThere is no doubt that protection of environment is considered as the most critical need of human being for achievement of better qualities of life and realization of sustainable development goals in the 21st century. This is involved with numerous challenges, since the MoreThere is no doubt that protection of environment is considered as the most critical need of human being for achievement of better qualities of life and realization of sustainable development goals in the 21st century. This is involved with numerous challenges, since the contemporary human still lives on the basis of irregular development and preference of personal short-term interests rather than long-term ones. Although several international regulations have been ratified for the protection of environment in the second half of the 20th century and after the establishment of Stockholm Conference, most of the regulations in international environmental law which aimed to prevent environmental pollution and degradation could only address the compensation for the environmental damages. However, the intensity of environmental disasters in today's world is to the extent that the need for performing more decisive actions is seriously felt; actions which could prosecute those who produce environmental pollution and degradations as criminals. This study attempts to investigate the challenges which criminalization is internationally faced and to highlight the effective and mostly positive components in codification of environmental crime indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - The role of the environmental treaties’ Conference of the parties in the development of international environmental law
Seyed-Abbas Poorhashemi Azam Parandeh MotlaghOne of the most important international structures that play a major role in the development of international environmental law is the Conference of the parties in the environmental treaties. However, the Conference of the Parties’ status and legitimacy for enviro MoreOne of the most important international structures that play a major role in the development of international environmental law is the Conference of the parties in the environmental treaties. However, the Conference of the Parties’ status and legitimacy for environmental regulations, developing and restricting the parties’ obligations and requirements which contained in the environmental treaties and implementation of the treaties by its decisions and resolutions should be addressed. This study is based on analysis of legal inductive. According to this method, some environmental treaties from the 1970s until today which contained the Conference of the Parties’ structure has been collected, analyzed and evaluated. After studying the opportunities and legal capacity of the "Conference of the Parties" for development of international environmental law, the result of this study showed that the environmental treaties’ Conference of the Parties have faced some gaps and limitation. In this perspective, the paper makes some recommendation to sole these gaps and limitations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Assessment Competitiveness Social and Environmental of urban (Case study: provinces of the country)
Hossein Nazmfar Ali Eshgi Saredeh AlaviIntroduction: Now competitiveness is a central issue in the world and the use of it, as a tool, is mentioned to achieve sustainable development. Many researchers consider the economic competitiveness equals success, but urban competitiveness should be examined from a br MoreIntroduction: Now competitiveness is a central issue in the world and the use of it, as a tool, is mentioned to achieve sustainable development. Many researchers consider the economic competitiveness equals success, but urban competitiveness should be examined from a broader perspective on aspects of economic and non-economic aspects in addition to the stress of urban life. Due to the vacuum in the field of research aimed at evaluating and ranking states are conducted with an emphasis on social and environmental dimensions. Material and Methods: This study uses 36 indicators of social and environmental dimension to urban competitiveness evaluation techniques using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). Methods the study population consisted of descriptive analysis of all the provinces in 1390. The models used to analyze the data and SAW HAVE eventually integrated Kandrst technique and competitiveness was divided to 5 groups can be very high, high, moderate, low and very low. To find the coefficients of each indicator used is the Shannon entropy. Results and Discussion: Based on Kandrst mode, the provinces terms of social and environmental indicators of urban competitiveness, there are wide differences. So that the difference between Tehran Province (ranked first) with a score of 30 and Semnan (bottom) with a score of 25, was too high (55) and this gap is caused by an imbalance in land use. Final ranking shows that Tehran, Tehran, Khuzestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Isfahan and Khorasan Razavi is very high competitiveness and regions in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer, Ardabil, Yazd, Golestan, Semnan Bakhtiari and competitiveness can be very low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Investigating Different Methods for Estimating the Need for Environmental Water (Case Study: Alandchay River)
Elmira Pirouzian Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein SedghiBackground and Objective: Water resource development plans have several environmental impacts, the most important of which are natural river flow change and downstream surface reduction of flow. Estimation of the environmental flow required for the health of rivers and MoreBackground and Objective: Water resource development plans have several environmental impacts, the most important of which are natural river flow change and downstream surface reduction of flow. Estimation of the environmental flow required for the health of rivers and downstream ecosystems are of particular important. A sustainable strategy is a revision of the allocation of water for various uses and an increase in the share of the environmental flow from the current 10% to (20-40%) annual yields of rivers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the monthly distribution of the environmental flow of an indicating river with a permanent flow (Alandachay river) using existing hydro-ecological methods.Method: In this paper, seven hydro-ecological methods were used: (1- Tennant; 2- Tessman; FDC 4- Smakhtin 5- FDC shifting 6-DRM; 7- Water-quality method called Q-relation). The results of environmental estimation of Alandachay River were calculated using different methods.Findings: According to this paper, the environmental law of the Alandachay river in the FDC shifting method and with acceptance of the river conditions at the minimum ecological status acceptable (environmental management class C), at hydrometry station, average annual flow rate was estimated to be 1.56 cubic meters per second, which considering the amount of environmental water, the highest calculated amount of all seven methods and was calculated 0.39 by using Tennant method. The other remaining methods were between these methods.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this paper show the accuracy of the FDC shifting method with the environmental class C at the studied station at 1.56 cubic meters per second as the bio-management class. These results show that quick methods of calculating the environmental flow used in Iran are mainly applied without considering the environmental conditions. This greatly reduces the accuracy of the results and even yields the opposite results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Valuation of “pure” environmental damage in Compensation Case (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), ICJ
Seyed Yaser Ziaee vahid kosari mahsa salman nouriGiven the importance of the natural environment for human life, any damage and destruction is unreasonable and unacceptable. Being the subject of disagreement among different jurists, the basis of responsibility for environmental damage has been fluctuated between human MoreGiven the importance of the natural environment for human life, any damage and destruction is unreasonable and unacceptable. Being the subject of disagreement among different jurists, the basis of responsibility for environmental damage has been fluctuated between human and the environment. Consequently, the discussion of environmental damages and the necessity to compensate for them has always focused on human beings and any assessment of environmental damage in judicial or arbitration courts has been based on human rights. The International Court of Justice, in its recent judgment in the dispute between Costa Rica v. Nicaragua, for the first time in its history, recognized the notion of "pure environmental damage" and proceeded to assess these damages. The present article, analyzing the judgment of the Court about the concept of “pure” environmental damage and the method of its valuation, through a descriptive-analytic method will conclude that the pecuniary valuation of all dimensions of environmental damage is not so consistent with the reality and the appropriate methods will be proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Analysis of Environmental Indicators in Saee Park of Tehran
maryam ehsani Akramolmolok Lahijanian farzam babaeiBackground and Objective: With the increase of population and development and expansion of urbanization, human beings have gradually moved away from nature and excessive population density and interference in natural environment and creation of man-made environments hav MoreBackground and Objective: With the increase of population and development and expansion of urbanization, human beings have gradually moved away from nature and excessive population density and interference in natural environment and creation of man-made environments have further expressed the environmental and spiritual needs of human beings to address this. Needs Urban man has created gardens and artificial green spaces inside cities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the indicators of environmental management in Saei Park in Tehran. Method: First of all, the population of the statistical society consisted of Saeif park visitors and the sample size was determined 384 people. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire containing two parts with individual and professional characteristics of respondents and environmental management indicators. Validity of the questionnaire was carried out by a survey of professors and experienced experts and experts. Reliability and reliability the questionnaire was determined through Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20. Hierarchical method (AHP) was used to rank the indices Findings: findingsshowed that the indicators of "noise pollution" and "quality and quantity of fertilizer" were in the highest and "status of care and maintenance of wildlife" and "surface water disposal and sewage system" were in the lowest ranks. Other findings showed that the personal and professional characteristics of citizens have been effective in environmental management indicators. And there was a difference between the views of different groups based on these characteristics. There was a significant relationship between the environmental management of Saei Park in Tehran and there was a significant difference between the level of client participation in the environmental management indicators of Saei Park in Tehran based on gender and age groups. Discussion and Conclusion: Comparison tests showed that there was a significant difference between citizens' satisfaction with indicators of the status of treatment and conservation of wildlife, variety of plant species, quality and quantity of fertilizer, irrigation status and base of solar lights. There was a significant difference between the amount of satisfaction of citizens from the quality and quantity indexes of fertilizers, the basis of solar lights, vegetation diversity, the status of the processing and maintenance of wildlife, and the disposal of surface water and sewage system. . Therefore, it is necessary to consider the individual and professional characteristics of different groups of respondents in the programs carried out in the field of environmental management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Analyzing the Nature of States Obligations in the Paris agreement 2015 on climate change
Seyed-Abbas Poorhashemi mojtaba sobhaninia seyed ali hosseini azadOne of the most important international instruments to deal with climate change is the Paris Agreement 2015. For over three decades, states have begun long-term talks and negotiations on climate change, which is always on the international agenda. One reason for not con MoreOne of the most important international instruments to deal with climate change is the Paris Agreement 2015. For over three decades, states have begun long-term talks and negotiations on climate change, which is always on the international agenda. One reason for not concluding an international instrument is that states are not willing to adopt binding commitments on mitigating Green House Gas emission. The failed experience of the Kyoto Protocol 1997 reflects this approach. The piece analyzes the nature of states obligations in the Paris agreement on climate change. This research is based on a legal inductive analysis method. According to this method, the Paris Agreement and some related legal instruments on climate change have been analyzed and assessed. This article while identifies various defining elements of legal character of the Paris Agreement, illustrates that even though the Paris Agreement is an “International Treaty within the meaning of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties” which contains a mix of hard, soft and non-obligations is an important step forward to address climate change, but still has legal and normative inefficiencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - The Role of Landscape Ecology Spatial Structure Analysis in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (Case Study: Miankaleh International Wetland)
Soolmaz Dashti Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Kaveh Jafarzadeh Mojgan Bazmara BaleshtiBackground and Objective: The use of environmental impact assessment methods is one of the important tools in environmental management studies and the reduction of potentially harmful environmental factors in sensitive areas such as wetlands to achieve sustainable devel MoreBackground and Objective: The use of environmental impact assessment methods is one of the important tools in environmental management studies and the reduction of potentially harmful environmental factors in sensitive areas such as wetlands to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of spatial composition and distribution of Miankaleh International Wetland and also to evaluate the efficiency of land features measurements to assess environmental effects. Method: For this purpose, first Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images of ETM + and OLI sensors related to 2001 and 2016 were prepared. Then, by performing the necessary processing and preprocessing, the land use map was prepared and the raster maps were entered into FRAGSTATS 4.2 software was performed. Findings: According to the results, it can be said that the water zone of the wetland (which is the most important part of the wetland) and consequently the wetlands of the wetland have a large area and has not become fine and stained, but during the study period Deleted part of its domain. The use of vegetation and man-made lands has also disrupted the natural environment by creating new spots and fragmentation. Agricultural use has not been in the form of spots and the increase in its area has been in the form of large spots. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the stated results, proper management in the wetland environment is not implemented. Because the current management of Miankaleh wetland is a hardware and old management, also due to the location of this wetland in two provinces, it does not have an integrated management and the management plan is scattered and multiple. As a result, by creating an integrated and coherent management plan, the problems of this wetland can be overcome to some extent. The present study well showed that land use measurements are a suitable tool for assessing environmental impacts in the shortest time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Assessment of Environmental Knowledge and Factors Influencing Environmental Behavior Among Tourists in North Iran (A case study in Zanjan & Golestan provinces)
Mohammad Abadi Parastoo Beigverdi Abbasali Zamani Abdolhossein PariZanganehBackground and Objectives: Environmental education can be defined as raising environmental consciousness among every segment of the society, bringing for awareness to environment-friendly, permanent and positive behavioral changes. The final purpose of environmental con MoreBackground and Objectives: Environmental education can be defined as raising environmental consciousness among every segment of the society, bringing for awareness to environment-friendly, permanent and positive behavioral changes. The final purpose of environmental conservation is thus related to improving environmental awareness and betterment of environmental culture in all segments of the society. In this article, the rate of environmental knowledge among tourists visiting northern parts of Iran is assessed and factors influencing environmental behavior and people opinion about sustainable development is evaluated. Methods: The statistical background of this research includes one thousand families residing in different parts of the country. Questionnaires were distributed accidentally among tourists from all over the country visiting some points of interest in West (Zanjan province) and Northeast (Golestan province) of the country using interview method. The obtained data were classified and summarized in multidimensional frequency tables using statistical descriptive analysis such as ANOVA, Duncan, Mann Whitney and the relationship/differences among environmental variables being effective on the rate of personal concern and environmental awareness were determined. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software. Findings: Identifying and evaluating effective factors influencing the rate of personal knowledge and concern about environmental problems at country level will ensure the accurate planning, comprehensive efforts, conservation and promotion of environment with people’s considerable cooperation and participation. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained results show that a set of different factors are influencing environmental concern and awareness among tourists living in the society such as; the level of literacy, the duration of education and age of the respondents. Significant relationships were also obtained among gender, marital status, level of income and occupation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Analyzing Effects of Environment Quality Improvement on Life Expectancy in Iran (Based on Economic Approach)
azad khanzadi sajede jaliliyan sara moradi maryam heidariyanBackground and Objective: In addition to environmental pollution negative effects on development process of countries, it can affect other aspects of quantity and quality of human life and on life expectancy as an important component of Human Development Index. Accordin MoreBackground and Objective: In addition to environmental pollution negative effects on development process of countries, it can affect other aspects of quantity and quality of human life and on life expectancy as an important component of Human Development Index. According to undeniable importance of life expectancy and its role in sustainable development, public health promotion and optimal allocation of individual and national resources, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affecting health quality; hence we assume that health quality promote through economic, social and environmental factors such as environmental pollution. Method: In order to investigate the effects of environmental quality improvement on life expectancy in Iran, we use statistical information of 30 provinces during the period 2003-2014 by using Generalized Method of Moments; and health production function estimated for this purpose. It should be noted that the carbon dioxide emissions has been used in provinces as an indicator of environment quality. Findings: The results indicates that environmental pollution have a significant and negative impact on life expectancy, In other words, increasing CO2 emissions reduced life expectancy in Iran provinces. The relationship between GDP per capita, industrialization index and literacy rate with life expectancy are significant and positive. But health's per capita expenditures, urbanization rate and lag pollution have a negative impact on life expectancy. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the obtained results of this study, increased pollution associated with increased mortality and reduced life expectancy. Since non-negligible negative consequences of pollution on life expectancy in the form of health index or human development is concerned, therefore in terms of the pollution component and its effect on measuring life expectancy in one hand could raise development leveland in other hand it is associated with people health and environment; so environmental protection in a society’s planning system can achieve sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The evaluation of the effect of environmental programs of Tv on the Promotion of environmental awareness and attitude of students
Mahdieh Rezaei Seyed Mohammad Shobeiri Mohammad Reza Sarmadi Maryam LarijaniBackground and purpose: Educational function of the media has always been emphasized by experts in various fields, and formal and informal institutions have used their capacity. In the meantime, the medium of television as a medium of video and audio is important. The a MoreBackground and purpose: Educational function of the media has always been emphasized by experts in various fields, and formal and informal institutions have used their capacity. In the meantime, the medium of television as a medium of video and audio is important. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of environmental programs of television on the promotion of environmental awareness and attitude of university students. Research method: The research method is practical, and the data collection tool isquasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test as well as control group. The studied population consists of 40 students from Payame Noor University, Markazi Province, who are selected by convenience sampling method and randomly classified into two experimental and control groups. The data collection tool includes a questionnaire, the content validity of which is quantitatively and qualitatively confirmed and the reliability is approved by Cronbach''s alpha method. The data are analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings: According to the results of the statistical analysis, significant differences between pre-test and post-test were observed in both variables. Comparison of the mean pre-test and post-test demonstrated that the mean of the post-test was higher in both variables. The post-hoc test also showed that the mean of TV experimental group was higher than the mean of control group in both variables.Discussion and conclusion: According to the findings, TV programs have a significantly positive effect on the environmental awareness and attitude of the students, especially their environmental awareness, which showed a higher extent of effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals lead, zinc and cadmium in the Lakan lead and zinc company
Seyed Alireza Sharifi mojgan zaeimdar Seyed Ali Jozi Rokhshad HejaziBackground and Objective: Today, the implementation of industrial development programs without considering environmental considerations, has led to the continued entry of pollutants into the environment. Currently, industrial pollution is considered the main cause of en MoreBackground and Objective: Today, the implementation of industrial development programs without considering environmental considerations, has led to the continued entry of pollutants into the environment. Currently, industrial pollution is considered the main cause of environmental degradation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the ecological risk of toxic metals lead, zinc, and cadmium in the Lakan lead and zinc processing company.Method: After organizing and standardizing the data using GIS, ecological risk assessment and also the environmental risk index of toxic metals in the study area were estimated.Findings: The results of the ecological risk assessment showed that among the studied toxic metals, cadmium metal has the lowest risk (0.01% of the area in the high-risk class) and zinc has the highest risk (0.02% of the area in the high-risk class). Also, the results of the environmental risk index assessed 99% of the region in terms of cadmium metal risk in the low-risk category and 92% of the region in terms of zinc risk in the critical class, and lead metal was in the intermediate status.Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be stated that following industrialization, the spread of industrial pollution is inevitable, but methods and measures have been used to mitigate and reduce their consequences. One of the important methods in reducing the effects of environmental pollution is ecological risk assessment. Therefore, considering the capabilities of GIS systems in the preparation of environmental assessment maps, it seems that this system can be useful in facilitating the assessment of the ecological vulnerability of metal mining industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - A new approach in proper training of students for environmental awareness enhancement (Case Study: professional, dependent and related faculties science and research branch, is Islamic Azad University)
Marzieh Faridian shal Mehran Farajollahi, Forouzan Zarabian, Fatemeh faridian shalBackground and Objective: Current research is carried out with the aim of new approach in proper training of students To achieve more environmental awareness considering academic members opinions through case studies of professional, dependent, and related Faculties to MoreBackground and Objective: Current research is carried out with the aim of new approach in proper training of students To achieve more environmental awareness considering academic members opinions through case studies of professional, dependent, and related Faculties to the environmental topic in science and research branch, Islamic Azad university(SRB-IAU). Material and Methodology: This investigation is an applied via purpose and descriptive survey via research method. Statistical society of this research is consisting of all of academic member 149 members in academic years 1399-1400 Faculty of Food Industry Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment and Faculty of Mechanics, Electrical Power and Computer of (SRB-IAU). Sample size is chosen 107 members using Morgan Table based on simple random sampling method. Data collection tools is a 30-item research-made questionnaire with Likert scale answer pack. Questionnaire reliability is obtained bused on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient equal to 0/793. To Determine the validity of the questionnaire, expert person certification is used. Data is analysed using descriptive statistics (Percentage, Frequency, Average, Standard deviation) and inferential statics (Single variable t-Test, and Friedman test for determing the share of each factors in training and learning quality improvement with the help of SPSS software. Findings: Results indicate that students interest factors to their field of study, amount student participation in educational activities, teaching method of faculty members. Organising educational content, university equipment and facilities are effective more than avarage level in the proper education of students to achieve more environmental awareness. Discussion and Conclusion: To Train knowledgeable students on environmental issues, principled education must be applied in universities. This education should be surveyed through several point of view and it’s quality must be improved continuously. In this study, maximum rank is belonging to student Participation in educational activities index and minimum rank is related to organising educational content index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Omid Park Regeneration Aiming to Improve Environmental Quality in Haft Chenar District of Tehran
Negar Forouzesh Sara Nahibi Zahra Saeedeh ZarabadiBackground and Purpose: Omid Park renovation has been performed in order to increase the environmental quality and sustainable design. Method: In order to achieve the main goal, which is to revitalize and improve the quality of the environment of Omid Park, after a fie MoreBackground and Purpose: Omid Park renovation has been performed in order to increase the environmental quality and sustainable design. Method: In order to achieve the main goal, which is to revitalize and improve the quality of the environment of Omid Park, after a field visit, similar items were studied, collected and the libraries around the goal were examined. Based on the relevant references, the basic data required for the study area were prepared. Geographic data system (GIS) is a tool that was used in the analysis of primary data and its achievements were used in the design process. To identify the needs and views of residents and users of the site, questionnaires were prepared and completed by the project stakeholders. According to the analysis of spatial data and users' opinions, the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats of the study area in this process were identified and placed in the SWOT table to be analyzed. The current research process, in addition to using the qualitative method, has also considered quantitative approaches and therefore the research method of this article is considered a combination. Findings: Regenerative approach includes improvements for damaged parks while increasing stability and environmental quality. Therefore, collected data analysis and resulting standards including cultural, social, economic, ethnicity impact and the neighboring parks standards were used for the design purposes. In addition to reducing maintenance costs, these plans can improve the quality of the environment and increase people's satisfaction. Discussion and conclusion: The result of this research can be used as a quality standard for neighborhood park designs. These designs can increase the population living in the area as well as the long-term value of a sustainable environment and urban landscape. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Study and evaluation of outdoor advertising in urban spaces (Case study: distance between Enqelab square and Valiasr intersection in Tehran city)
omid heydari Lobat zebardast faheime asgariradAbstract Background and Objective: Outdoor advertising is a new medium in Environmental Graphic which has been taken into account in urban sceneries and passages of Iran. This type of advertisement is of high importance in primary design of cities, proper application of MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Outdoor advertising is a new medium in Environmental Graphic which has been taken into account in urban sceneries and passages of Iran. This type of advertisement is of high importance in primary design of cities, proper application of urban spaces and consideration of texture and social position of a city. The aim of this study is to assess and prioritize the turbulence intensity of the elements of outdoor advertising index within the studied domain. Method: The method used in the current study is a descriptive-analytic type. The required data were obtained through a questionnaire (Likert scale). In the hypothesis adopted in this study it was expected that a visual turbulence in frontage indicatordoes not exceed the average. To examine the current hypothesis six factors of undesirable vision by existing disharmonic rhythm in frontage, undesirable vision caused by posters and advertisement installation, undesirable vision caused by existing dirty boards, improper boards in terms of shape, size, legibility, inappropriate size of buildings’ doors and windows, undesirable vision caused by existing annexations on buildings for view and advertisement were determined. The hypothesis was examined by utilizing statistical average methods. Then each factor was analyzed by Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP). Findings: Frontage and advertisement index of factors were determined by identifying different aspects of outdoor advertising. Considering the experts’ opinions and field trip, undesirable vision factor caused by posters and advertisement installation had the highest pollution, whereas inappropriate size of buildings’ doors and windows had the least pollution. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that the hypothesis is acceptable and the amount of it is not more than average. Hence, among existing outdoor advertising in the studied domain, advertisement on pavements causes the most exciting and visual turbulence by gaining a “high” grade and billboards have the least effectiveness in creating environmental turbulence by gaining a “very low” grade. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Modeling of Beta Diversity along a Gradient of Disturbance and Environmental Factors in Hyrcanian Forests - Kheyrud Kenar, Nowshahr
malihe erfani Afshin Danehkar Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Vahid EtemadIntroduction: Knowledge of distribution patterns and maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity along environmental and disturbance gradients is essential to develop biodiversity conservation strategies. In this study, modeling of beta diversity construct was performed at K MoreIntroduction: Knowledge of distribution patterns and maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity along environmental and disturbance gradients is essential to develop biodiversity conservation strategies. In this study, modeling of beta diversity construct was performed at Kheyrud forests of Noshahr.Material and Methods: Modeling of beta diversity was conducted using 7 indicators for disturbance construct, 4 indicators for environmental heterogeneity, 10 indicators for soil, and 5 indicators for land cover and crown percent construct. All species of vascular plants at 100 plots and 6 homogeneous zones were recorded along disturbance gradients in cluster sampling. Beta diversity indices were calculated for each cluster and with other indicators of constructs were entered in structural equation modeling.Results: Results showed that the remaining indicators in the model were able to explain the variation in beta diversity (R2= 0.761). The predictive relevance of the model for the beta diversity construct was very large (Q2= 0.422).Discussion and Conclusions: The most important disturbance indicators were area accessibility, number of management plans for harvest, reverse of the years since last harvest, number of grazing days per year and livestock density per hectare, respectively. Effective soil indicators for beta diversity were soil organic matter content, nitrogen and percentage of calcium carbonate of the soil, effective bulk density and soil potassium levels, respectively. Canopy cover and litter cover had negative influence on beta diversity. Environmental heterogeneity had a significant moderator role in reduction of disturbance influence on beta diversity. Because of the scale of disturbance and environmental heterogeneity, beta diversity is useful for comparing communities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Measuring Villagers' Awareness of Sustainable Agriculture in Order to Preserve the Natural Ecosystem (Case study: Rural settlements along Lake Zarivar)
Hamid Jalalian Loqhman Javed Farhad Javan Zari GhasemiyanBackground and Objective: Environmental protection and natural ecosystems are among the principles of sustainable development in the countryside. Development is compatible with the preservation of environmental, biological and related resources. In this regard, the pres MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental protection and natural ecosystems are among the principles of sustainable development in the countryside. Development is compatible with the preservation of environmental, biological and related resources. In this regard, the present study aimed at evaluating environmental indicators based on the dimensions of sustainable development in rural settlements of Golchidar village in Marivan County. Method: The statistical population of this study was 16 villages of Golchider rural municipality (803) households, which were selected by available sampling method. The questionnaire was distributed using a sample size based on the number of households in each village. The research methodology is conducted in a descriptive and analytical manner, so that at the descriptive stage, the present situation is identified and in the process of work, using statistical analysis, we deduce and explain the results. Results: The results of environmental status indices using the Rij model in the studied villages indicate that among the 16 indicators surveyed, 8 indicators, 50% of the villages were in a complete state of instability and undesirable, in which the index of sewage facilities with a degree of sustainability 010 /. In the worst case, there are environmental indicators. One-sample t-test showed that there is a significant relationship between environmental indicators and the instability of rural settlements studied. Conclusion: Regarding the fact that rural areas of the study area are not in desirable condition. it is necessary to review the status of indicators of sustainable development in the village of Golchidar and to have proper and effective management factors for preserving the village and its ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Study of environmental impacts and geo-medical of heavy elements by using remote sensing technology and geochemistry(A case study about Palang Dareh region and Dali deposits in central province)
Raha Salehi alireza gharagozlu sara yousefifarBackground and objective: High concentration of elements (particularly heavy elements) have been always associated with environmental problems in terms of threats for local animals and plants, making it necessary to determine the concentration of heavy elements when ass MoreBackground and objective: High concentration of elements (particularly heavy elements) have been always associated with environmental problems in terms of threats for local animals and plants, making it necessary to determine the concentration of heavy elements when assessing environmental quality. Geogenically high concentration of heavy elements and their spread across protected zones tend to impose irreparable damages to regional environment. Method: In the present research, remote sensing studies based on ETM and ASTER data were undertaken to determine regional alterations and structures, and geochemical studies were performed to determine how and why environmentally heavy elements are spread across Palang-Darreh region and Dali deposit located in Markazi province, with the results finally compiled into an environmental interpretation. Approximately, a total of 471 samples were processed، of which 62 samples were taken from Palang-Darreh area. The samples taken from Palang-Darreh area were analyzed via ICP and ICP-OES methods. Findings: Once finished with processing and statistically analyzing the chemical data، elemental anomaly diagrams and maps were prepared and, finally, statistical populations were investigated with respect to the international criteria set by WHO (World Health Organization). Discussion and Conclusion: It was indicated that, high concentration of some elements across the area was of geogenic nature. Since this location is a protected area and Dali mine is situated here, so survey of medical geology studies and proper solutions were presented to lower human and environmental of locations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Ability of Alfalfa Plant to Refine Soil Contaminated with Nickel and Lead
samad zahermand mahmod vafaeian Mohammed Hussain BazyarBackground and Objective: In the recent decade, the issue of soil contamination with heavy metals such as nickel and lead is one of the most important environmental problems. According to data from the environmental protection agency, nickel is hazardous at large amount MoreBackground and Objective: In the recent decade, the issue of soil contamination with heavy metals such as nickel and lead is one of the most important environmental problems. According to data from the environmental protection agency, nickel is hazardous at large amounts and a dangerous pollutant and lead is the most important pollutant in the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the soil pollution status of Gachsaran refinery using environmental indicators of pollution coefficient, pollution degree index and modified pollution degree index and to investigate the potential of alfalfa refining plant which is native to Gachsaran region.Material and Methodology: From the soil of Gachsaran refinery in 2017 as the center of pollution, were selected four ranges of 0-500 meters, 1000-500 meters, 1500-1000 meters and 2000-1500 meters. In each range, 5 soil samples were taken from a depth of 0 to 30 cm. The ICP-OES device was used to determine heavy metals. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Findings: The analysis of the environmental indicators of the studied area showed a significant degree of contamination for nickel and a high contamination rate for lead. Comparison of mean concentrations of nickel and lead in cultivated soil samples with alfalfa cultivars showed significant difference with mean nickel and lead concentrations in the studied area.Discussion and Conclusions: In general, Alfalfa as a native plant of the region in inappropriate pollution conditions can absorb and extraction nickel and lead from the soil. The final results of this study indicate that ability of alfalfa plant for phytoremediation of nickel in the soil contaminated with petroleum products is higher than that of lead in the Gachsaran refinery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Strategies to Achieve Sustainable Aquaculture in Guilan Province with an Emphasis on Its Environmental Dimension
fatemeh ghorbani piralidehi Hossein Agahi Kumars Zarafshani Mohammad Karim MotamedIntroduction: The aquaculture industry as a very important agricultural activity in the current situation is influenced by the concept of sustainability that can be with minimal harm to the environment ensure of food security and health of rural society. This study was MoreIntroduction: The aquaculture industry as a very important agricultural activity in the current situation is influenced by the concept of sustainability that can be with minimal harm to the environment ensure of food security and health of rural society. This study was carried out with the study the current status of aquaculture to develop strategies to achieve sustainable aquaculture in Guilan province with an emphasis on its environmental dimension. Material and Methods: The general approach of this research is qualitative that was used from qualitative content analysis for the purpose of analyzing data. Sampling was targeted and was confirmed the validity of research findings through triangulation. In the present study various techniques (individual interviews and group discussions) were used. Also data were obtained from various sources such as members and managers of aquaculture cooperative, aquacultures and fishery experts from the directorate general of Guilan province. Results and Discussion: The results showed that in the current situation to achieve sustainable aquaculture inputs management, production management, waste management and control and marketing management is needed. Based on research findings suggestions were made that can help to province aquaculture practitioners to achieve sustainable aquaculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Investigating the Validity of Pollution Haven Hypothesis in the Timber Industry of Iran and Its Trade Partners
Zohre khalili Ardali Kamran Adeli Hamed Naghavi Maryam AsghariBackground and Objective: Increasing the volume of trade leads to lower environmental quality and in fact more CO2 emissions. In this regard, the effects of globalization and trade liberalization on the timber industry have led to economic growth. According to the subje MoreBackground and Objective: Increasing the volume of trade leads to lower environmental quality and in fact more CO2 emissions. In this regard, the effects of globalization and trade liberalization on the timber industry have led to economic growth. According to the subject literature following commercial liberalization, the transfer of polluting industries from countries with severe environmental policies to countries with mild environmental policies is increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the asylum hypothesis of wood industry pollution. Methods: using panel data and fixed effects approach in Iran and 16 wooden trading partners, during the period 1995-2015. Findings: In this study, panel data and software Stata were used to estimate model. The interactions of trade and per capita income have a positive coefficient of 6.50. Discussion and Conclusion: Our results support the pollution haven hypothesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Analyzing the Conflict of Allocating Environmental Water Share Among Rival Governmental Organizations
Hossein Zanjanian Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan Mojtaba Ardestani Hamid Abdolabadi Mehdi GhorbaniBackground and Objective: Since allocating water to satisfy environmental water share can cause a conflict among governmental organizations supplying water, withdrawing water, and protecting the ecosystem, recognizing and analyzing such situations is paramount significa MoreBackground and Objective: Since allocating water to satisfy environmental water share can cause a conflict among governmental organizations supplying water, withdrawing water, and protecting the ecosystem, recognizing and analyzing such situations is paramount significance and can avoid encountering serious conflicts. In this research, we analyzed the actions of involved organizations which are either using or supplying water from Ilam’s dam to find the equilibria and the possible outcomes of the conflict. Method: We used Graph Model for Conflict Resolution to study the actions and strategies of rival organizations managing water allocation and involving in water conflict. The involved organizations are determined based on uses of Ilam’s dam. To define the strategies, all the measures and decisions of these organizations have been studied since 2005. In addition, the effect of drought years on the players’ actions is taken into account. Finally, we compared the status-quo with the results of the base line strategy of the model. Findings: Equilibria results suggest that in states 27 and 32 the Jihad Agriculture Organization and the Water and Wastewater Companyare interested in withdrawing more water to achieve their goals. As a result, the Department of Environment will complain against them to protect ecosystem and provide the required environmental water share. In this case, the Regional Water Authority and the Governorship can play a dominant role in accomplishing to the stable outcomes. Furthermore, it is shown that the status-quo is not stable. Discussion and Conclusion: Analyzing this conflict indicates that all players have enough power to change the game's output. Therefore, their goals and measures can effectively change the equilibria and the future of the conflict Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Application of Life Cycle Assessment Method to Compare Environmental Impacts of a Green Roof and a Normal Roof
Elma Mohammadi Seyed Hamed Mirkarimi Marjan Mohammadzadeh Introduction: Green roof is one of the options to improve environmental problems of urban areas. Meanwhile there are some worries about the environmental impacts of creating green roofs, as despite the benefits of vegetation, some layers of green roofs like wate More Introduction: Green roof is one of the options to improve environmental problems of urban areas. Meanwhile there are some worries about the environmental impacts of creating green roofs, as despite the benefits of vegetation, some layers of green roofs like waterproof membrane, are made from polymers. In this survey, environmental impacts of an extensive green roof in its lifetime were compared with a normal roof. Materials and Method: In this survey, life cycle assessment method was used. Since there are various methods to implement a green roof, first different methods of implementation and different materials that can be used in its layers were studied and collected. Then some of these methods were chosen to investigate their environmental impacts in order to find the optimized option to create a green roof. On the next step, life cycle assessment of optimized option and normal roof was conducted. The open LCA software was used to compare environmental impacts of different implementing methods, and also optimized option and normal roof. Results and Discussion: Results showed that the green roof has less environmental impacts than normal roof, during its lifetime. In addition, it was indicated that in some impact categories that the environmental impacts of green roof was more than normal roof the reason was using PVC and geotextile (glass fiber and polyester) in its layers. Results of this paper can be improved by measuring benefits of creating a green roof (such as reducing quantity and quality of run off amounts), and also using materials with less environmental impacts in green roofs layers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Agricultural Museum Site: An Educational Approach to Promoting Urban Environment
Neda Zarkesh Reza Sameh Mohammad Mehdi ZarrabiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, one of the most important strategies in the face of the increased population of cities is the design of green space in part of the urban structure. Empowerment at the urban and regional levels should meet the needs of life and respond MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, one of the most important strategies in the face of the increased population of cities is the design of green space in part of the urban structure. Empowerment at the urban and regional levels should meet the needs of life and respond to the needs of citizens. Agriculture has a valuable heritage in Iran and depreciating it in this rich and talented country not only threatens food security, but also endangers environmental health. Since issues such as population growth and climate change require considering the environment. The purpose of this article is to promote environmental conditions by creating an agricultural museum site and establishing a link between the man-made environment and natural environment in order to provide good conditions for education and create a good environmental culture and expand the recreational space. Methodology: The present study uses a descriptive and analytical research method. After describing the previous studies in this field as well as their function, the approaches and goals related to agricultural education in the city and its suburbs will be discussed and the proposed activities on Agricultural Museum Site will be classified into six factors and their impact on each of the mentioned approaches will be analyzed. Findings: The findings of the research show that urban and suburban agricultural approaches, productive urban landscape, design of ecosystems and performance analysis of each one, including their educational, tourism, recreational, economic, social and cultural roles and climatic changes help promote the quality of the natural environment Discussion and Conclusion: The Agricultural Museum Site is a naturalistic approach and presented as an educational approach to promote the urban environment in this research. Therefore, the allocation of urban and suburban lands to productive lands, such as the Agricultural Museum Site and its proper management as part of the social spaces of cities and a place for social interactions have helped revive the green space and improve the quality of the living environment in the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The Effect of Electricity Consumption Shocks on Environmental pollution and Economic Growth in Iran and Selected Countries MENA: A Comparative Comparison with the PVAR Approach
mohammad hasan ghazvinian kambiz hojabr kiani ali dehghani fatemeh zandi khalil saeediBackground and Objective: Production, including industrial and agricultural production, is not possible without the existence of economic infrastructure. Electricity plays an important role in the industrial development of countries due to changes in the industries and MoreBackground and Objective: Production, including industrial and agricultural production, is not possible without the existence of economic infrastructure. Electricity plays an important role in the industrial development of countries due to changes in the industries and the conversion of mechanical to electrical power, the emergence of electric motors and the development of machine tools. Purpose of this article, comparative comparison of the effects of electricity consumption shocks on Environmental pollution and economic growth in IRAN and selected MENA countries.Material and Methodology: The article is descriptive, analytical and inferential, to achieve this goal, the method has been used the PVAR approach during the period 2016-1992 as well as the country of Iran during the period 2016-1985 using the VAR method has been studied.Findings: Findings: Electricity consumption, direct foreign investment, labor force and capital inventory have a direct and significant relationship with economic growth, but environmental pollution has a negative and significant relationship with Iran's economic growth. Discussion and Conclusion: the results indicate that the shock of increasing electricity consumption in selected MENA countries after an insignificant decrease in GDP per capita will increase proportionally in subsequent periods but in Iran, it grows very smoothly. The effect of this shock on carbon dioxide emissions in the countries concerned has been relatively mildly reduced, but in Iran, carbon dioxide emissions have been at a higher level than before. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Development of Integrated Framework for Strategic Environmental Assessment Based on the Principles and Theories of Resilience Thinking
Parastoo Parivar Aida Ahmadi Farane Vakili Ahad SotoudehBackground and purpose: Nowadays environmental strategic assessment as a tool for incorporating environmental considerations into the early stages of decision making has attracted the attention of planners. Scholars have attributed characteristics such as attention to t MoreBackground and purpose: Nowadays environmental strategic assessment as a tool for incorporating environmental considerations into the early stages of decision making has attracted the attention of planners. Scholars have attributed characteristics such as attention to the relationship between different layers of decision-making from policy making to implementation, consideration of cultural- political context and organizational structure of development as well as reflection of socio-economic considerations to environmental strategic assessment. Method: Despite these characteristics, the usual process of strategic environmental assessment does not have the ability to comprehensively assess the effects of cultural, social and ecological contexts. Criteria that do not provide clear results to decision makers are also used to measure the sustainability of development types. For this reason, in this study, the process and structure of the strategic environmental assessment based on the theoretical foundations of the resilience approach has been improved. Based on the resiliency approach, uncertainties and disturbances in socio-ecological systems can be analyzed. It is also incorporated into the evaluation process by reference to the multi-scale concept resiliency approach. Findings: In this study a three-step process for strategic environmental assessment is proposed. Each step is based on the basic concepts of the resiliency approach. Discussion and Conclusions: The sum of these characteristics makes environmental assessments possible on the basis of the unpredictable future, the inevitability of change, and the vulnerability of ecological systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Investigation of environmental impacts of potato production using life cycle assessment
Majid Dekamin EHSAN KHODAREZAEIBackground and Objective: In recent years, the debate over the environmental sustainability of agricultural productions is increased widely. In this context, environmental impacts of potato production in the Hamadan province (the largest producer of potatoes in Iran) we MoreBackground and Objective: In recent years, the debate over the environmental sustainability of agricultural productions is increased widely. In this context, environmental impacts of potato production in the Hamadan province (the largest producer of potatoes in Iran) were studied.Material and Methodology: In this research, life cycle assessment approach was used to identify and reduce environmental impacts. Data were collected by face to face interview with farmers in Nahavand (2020-2021). The CML IA method was selected to impact assessment. The environmental impact were assessed for impact categories including involved the global warming potential, depletion of fossil fuel resources potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and human toxicity potential. Producing one ton of potatoes was determined as a functional unit.Findings: The results showed that the production of one-ton potato consumes 1774.75 MJ energy. It emits 125.52 kg CO2eq, 5.04 kg SO2eq, 1.34 kg PO4eq, 69.4 kg 1,4-DBeq that respectively are involved the global warming potential, depletion of fossil fuel resources potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and human toxicity potential.Discussion and Conclusion: The analyses revealed that the production of chemical fertilizers and electricity had highest effects on global warming, depletion of fossil fuels and human toxicity. Also, direct emissions from the field because of nitrogen and phosphoric compound in fertilizers had highest effects on eutrophication and acidification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Assessment of Environmental Radioactivity in Sediments, Water and Reed Samples at the Inlet of Wastewater Treatment Plant to Arak Meyghan Wetland
Reza Pourimani Ramin Fardad Mahmoud MirzaeiBackground and Objective: Radionuclides are naturally occurring in water, soil, plants and air, and today, industrial and urban pollutants are also effective in increasing its level. As part of this research, the impact of Arak wastewater treatment plant production on e MoreBackground and Objective: Radionuclides are naturally occurring in water, soil, plants and air, and today, industrial and urban pollutants are also effective in increasing its level. As part of this research, the impact of Arak wastewater treatment plant production on environmental radiation in the Meyghan wetland entrance area was examined.Material and Methodology: In this study, 10 sediment samples, 10 water samples and 10 reed samples from the water input zone from the Arak wastewater treatment plant to Meyghan wetlands were collected. The specific activities of radionuclides were determined using gamma ray spectrometry method employing high purity germanium detector (HPGe) and maps of the distribution of radionuclides in this area were prepared for sediment and water samples.Findings: The average values of specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in sediment samples were 22.86, 27.26, 409.04 and 6.34, and in water samples 2.67, 3.04, 23.7 and 0.37 as well as in reed samples 8.8, 9.59, 45.66 and 2.26 in Bqkg-1, respectively. The amount of radium equivalent activity in sediment samples ranges from 84.14 to 104.55, with an average of 93.34 in Bqkg-1.Discussion and Conclusion: The average Raeq value in the sediment samples obtained as 93.34Bqkg-1, which is less than the global average (139.7Bqkg-1). It seems that the pollutants are removed from the water taken in calm ponds and the treatment section by active sludge, and the water entering the wetlands contains a small amount of radioactive contaminants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Comparison of Hydrology and Eco Hydrology Methods in Environmental Flow Estimation of Mahabad River
nazak rouzegari mohammad taghi sattari hajar feyziBackground and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, MoreBackground and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, as one of the most important rivers in the Urmia Lake basin, is very crucial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the minimum environmental flow for Mahabad River using Eco-Hydrology methods. Method: In this study, the environmental flow for Mahabad River was estimated by five methods, namely Tenant, Tessman, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) Shifting, Desktop Reserve Model (DRM), and Flow Duration Curve Analysis (FDCA). Findings: According to the results obtained in this study, to protect Mahabad River in the acceptable minimum environmental condition, the FDC shifting model considering class B (35.1% MAR (mean annual runoff), equivalent to 2.75 m³/s) and DRM considering class B/C (27.24% MAR, equal to 2.13 m³/s) led to approximately similar and acceptable results. Discussion and Conclusion: Generally, the FDC shifting model and DRM that consider different hydrological classes are preferable to other methods, and these methods can be used to determine the environmental flow for Mahabad River. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Environmental Impact Assessment on Torghabeh-Shandiz Township using Degradation Model
Sahar Heidari Masteali Bahman Jabbarian Amiri Afshin Alizadeh ShabaniBackground and purpose: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represent the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is identifying vulnerability factors and destruction of ecosystems, MoreBackground and purpose: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represent the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is identifying vulnerability factors and destruction of ecosystems, to prevent further destruction by other project and also to show feasibility of future development to decision markers. Method: first The study area was partitioned into 94 cells, 1600 ha each and then Fourteen degradation factors were identified along with their intensity using land use map, field observations and expert views. So the determination of ecological susceptibility and physiological density was determined and all cells were classified to 4 categories: recommended for development, zones that require reconstruction, protection and cells hadn't development potential based on fuzzy theory. Results: The results show that from 94 cells, 22 cells (23.40% of the total area) require reconstruction, 37 cells (39.36% of total area) have no development potential, and 35 cells (37.22% of total area) are recommended for development. Discussion and Conclusion: The effects of destructive activities (which are mainly destructive effects of tourism activities) in the region are obvious, so that destructive activities such as land use change and river pollution to the region on the one hand. They are the main causes of destruction of the 94 cell, 21 cell due to faults and 16 cell due to being in the Binalood protected area, have no development potential. 35 cell are recommended for development in first to third priorities, these cells are in low physiological density area and 22 cell due to high physiological density and severity destructive agents has a high degradation coefficient and need to be reconstructed, and therefore any future development in this area, should be excluded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Identifying and Ranking Environmental Destructive Economic Sectors Based on the Amount of Greenhouse Gas Emission by Shannon Entropy -VIKOR Approach (Case study: Iran: 1388-1392)
nahid dorostkar Ali DehghaniBackground and Objective: Today environmental issues and avoid irregular greenhouse gas emission has become one of the most important concerns of each country. This study has been done with the aim of determining the amount of greenhouse gas emission in different MoreBackground and Objective: Today environmental issues and avoid irregular greenhouse gas emission has become one of the most important concerns of each country. This study has been done with the aim of determining the amount of greenhouse gas emission in different industries and ranking these industries based on the most destructive greenhouse gas including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide and Sulfur trioxide. Method: In this study after identifying the most pollutant greenhouse gases based on the literature review and using the average of five recent year's data from the Iranian Statistics Center, the weight of each greenhouse gas were determined based on Shannon entropy and by using VIKOR technique and MATLAB software, the most pollutant sector was determined. Findings: Based on Shannon entropy, Co with the weight of 0.3 has the highest coefficient of importance among pollutant greenhouse gases. Based on VIKOR technique, transportation sector based on utility measure, Vikor measure and regret measure was determined as the most pollutant sector. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the result of study, transportation sector has played a major role in greenhouse gas emissions and identified as the most pollutant sector. So, attention to structural and cultural components associated to transportation field has become more important than the past. Using green transportation technologies, investing in public transportation and providing infrastructure for non- motorized vehicles can be introduced as suggestion for reducing pollution in this sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - The removal of NO2 gas by some natural adsorbents by using the adsorption method
Hossein Dashti Khavidaki Raziyeh Jafari Mousa SoleymaniBackground and Objective: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the environment. NO2 certainly causes lung damage at high concentrations. Exposure to its moderate levels (50 ppm) for a short period may produce irritation of the eyes, nose, an MoreBackground and Objective: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the environment. NO2 certainly causes lung damage at high concentrations. Exposure to its moderate levels (50 ppm) for a short period may produce irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and chest pain and contact to its high concentrations (> 100 ppm) can result in pulmonary edema, which can be fatal. Therefore, it is very important for environment the removing of the pollutant from air. The aim of this study has been the removal of NO2 gas by some natural adsorbents by using the adsorption method. Material and Methodology: In this work, it has been investigated the removal of NO2 gas by adsorption on different natural adsorbents including eggshell, eucalyptus bark, fennel seed, pine leaf, tea waste, and wheat straw. It was also studied the effect of some experimental conditions including adsorbent column length and initial NO2 amount on the adsorption percentage. Findings: The most desirable adsorption percentage obtained with adsorbent column length 50 cm and initial NO2 amount 6.3 mmol. In addition, Fennel seed and eggshell can adsorb 96.8 and 92.1% of NO2 gas in the optimum conditions, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Among the used adsorbents, the most appropriate adsorbents are fennel seed and eggshell for the adsorption process. In addition, it was correlated the equilibrium data with the adsorption isotherms such as the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Harkin-Jura and the results showed that Harkin-Jura isotherm describes the experimental results better than the other isotherms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - The Policies of Learning Economy to Achieve Sustainable Development
Mohammad Mohammadi Ashnani Tahereh Miremadi Afshin Danekar Majid Makhdoom Farkhonde Vahid MajedBackground and Objective: Althoughthe progress of science and technology promoted industrial productivity and competitiveness, as well as the standard and quality of life has widely improved, but these factors are the root causes of present instability and they have cau MoreBackground and Objective: Althoughthe progress of science and technology promoted industrial productivity and competitiveness, as well as the standard and quality of life has widely improved, but these factors are the root causes of present instability and they have caused new problems that need complex specialized sciences and technologies that are more expensive. Method: The research method of this paper is based on the content analysis paradigm and system analysis method. Given the limitations of the traditional economic model, new approaches to environmental economics and innovation have been analyzed and the challenges of achieving sustainable development and its components have been addressed. Findings: Humanity's future depends on whether it can develop an economic and social system with the "throughput" of matter and energy that respects ecological limits, and this is the ultimate challenge for the learning economy. Based on the obtained analytical results, choice framework of policy instruments, the characteristics of each and the timing of the use of these policy instruments to promote of sustainable development is presented. Discussion and Conclusion: This study showed that although we are rapidly reaching the threshold of operational growth and at that point, there is no capacity for more net harvesting from nature, growth is still possible by focusing on the principles and capacities of of environmental economics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Explaining and Review of the Environmental Regulatory in the Light of Social and Public Law
Shirin Shirazian sobhan tayebi Hediehsadat MirtorabiEnvironmental regulation is one of the most important subset of social regulation. The regulatory is a framework for the implementation of the rules adopted the community and guaranteed to be the framework on the basis of legal standards. For example, a community MoreEnvironmental regulation is one of the most important subset of social regulation. The regulatory is a framework for the implementation of the rules adopted the community and guaranteed to be the framework on the basis of legal standards. For example, a community may decide that one of its collective goals is to sustain the quality of its waterways. It might achieve this by promulgating a binding legal rule prohibiting any person from dumping waste exceeding a specified quantity into its public waterways, and imposing a financial penalty on any person who violates this rule. However, the same collective goal might also be achieved by imposing a system of tradeable permits that allows certain amounts of wastes to be dumped into public waterways upon payment of a specified sum.This research is based on library studies and descriptive analytical method and a new approach is sighted.Purpose of this study, is to explain the role of environmental regulation as a facilitator of the administrative structure in good condition along with social interaction. Also, is considered explaining the importance of regulation and rule-making.Regulation is including important social standards and strong enforcement of legal obligations in the community. The fundamental standards, is consistency in the field of public law and seems important approach is environmental Protection and Citizens adherence to environmental obligations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Soybean Cultivation in Ardabil Farms
Majid Dekamin morteza barmaki Amin Kanooni Reza MosaviBackground and Objective: Calculating the environmental impact assessment during a product's life cycle is very important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental effects of soybean oil production (Glycine max) in Ardabil province. Method: MoreBackground and Objective: Calculating the environmental impact assessment during a product's life cycle is very important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental effects of soybean oil production (Glycine max) in Ardabil province. Method: Lifecycle assessment was conducted to compare environmental burdens of this crop. Four categories (eutrophication, acidification, global warming potential and photochemical oxidation) of environmental impacts were used to define in this method. Inventory phase was conducted in 1393. Findings: The production of one-ton soybean in Ardabil in eutrophication potential, acidification potential, photochemical oxidation and global warming are 13.671 kg PO4eq, 13.680 kg SO2eq, 0.093 kg C2H4 eq and 857.128 kg CO2eq respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: It was found that the effects from the three crops comes generally from manufactured fertilizer, manure, diesel combustion, agricultural practices, and electricity for irrigation. It can be said that the indirect effects associated with these inputs are related to producing and processing, which had negative impacts. Result indicated that input performance of production of one-ton soybean is low. With increasing crop yield per input can decrease environmental burdens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - The impact internal and external indicators green wall On Environmental and Energy Savings Performance
mahyar kolyaei Mahdi Hamzenejad Sanaz litkouhi Payam BahramiBackground and Purpose: In the beginning, plants were used only for aesthetic purposes, but today they are used for ecological and economic purposes such as saving energy, improving urban climate, and so on. Since the community of vertical green coverings on the surface MoreBackground and Purpose: In the beginning, plants were used only for aesthetic purposes, but today they are used for ecological and economic purposes such as saving energy, improving urban climate, and so on. Since the community of vertical green coverings on the surface of buildings, through facades and green walls, allows to significantly improving the productivity of ecological and environmental benefits, achieving sustainability in the goals of this environmentally friendly technology is essential and in this research is a valuable approach. Method:Therefore, this study aims to investigate the benefits of using green wall technology to improve thermal performance in an applied research with a combined method and relying on the library method and citing research conducted in the field of green wall technology considering saving energy and the environment. Findings: The results of the study showed that the application of green wall technology in three areas of sustainability, including: social, economic and environmental. Discussion and conclusion: So that green wall technology will bring a wide range of benefits, the most important of which can reduce the temperature in the building from suffering between 1 - 10 degrees Celsius, and saving energy consumption up to 65% in the field of reducing energy consumption and also eliminating environmental pollutants and reducing the destruction of the ozone layer and reducing the effect of urban heat islands, reducing noise pollution and ... in the field of biology the environment pointed out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Explaining the optimal functions of environment in terms of socializing educational and cultural centers for adolescents (Case Study of the Center for the Intellectual Development of Children and Adolescents)
paniz molavi nojoumi Sara Jalalian omid dejdarBackground and Objective: Adolescents need the most basic environmental features, namely the need for social power in the environment The purpose of this study is to investigate physical, non-physical and perceptual characteristics to explain the optimal environmental a MoreBackground and Objective: Adolescents need the most basic environmental features, namely the need for social power in the environment The purpose of this study is to investigate physical, non-physical and perceptual characteristics to explain the optimal environmental affordances in order to obtain maximum socialization in adolescent educational and cultural settings.. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study carried out in two sections. The first part deals with theoretical framework with a qualitative approach, reviewing the theoretical foundations of the research. The second part uses a qualitative-qualitative approach and case study method in combination with factor analysis of a large number of variables using SPSS and Smart PLS software to examine the results of the questionnaire. Five Likert scale questionnaires have been developed based on the theoretical framework indicators. Findings: Social spaces are among the ones' and bodies that provide the focus for dynamic activities in certain parts. According to the following six factors, "physical", "non-physical", "personality", "social", "cultural" and "emotional" as the capabilities of each environment, The analyzes showed that in the field of environmental capability, four factors were important (physical, personality, social and emotional) in order to socialize adolescent environments, which demonstrates the provision of peripheral- personality capabilities of these group of individuals. Discussion and Conclusion: the results showed that physical environmental capability is as the most effective factor that it can be expected to increase the socialization of adolescents in cultural-educational spaces with the least change. According to the paths extracted from the PLS model, the path to social capital factors having the highest path coefficient (0.516) is the critical one of the conceptual model of socialization among others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Geopolitical and environmental study of artificial islands in the Persian Gulf (From the perspective of international law)
sona ghasemi Seyed-Abbas Poorhashemi ali zare parvin farshchi hermidas bavandAccording to the 1982 convention of the seas, constructing artificial islands is permitted, and countries can build artificial islands in their own territory. However, creating artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in the region, especially Ira MoreAccording to the 1982 convention of the seas, constructing artificial islands is permitted, and countries can build artificial islands in their own territory. However, creating artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in the region, especially Iran, pursue the issue more sensitively. Moreover, according to principles of International Environmental Law, the countries that construct artificial islands should provide other countries with the required information regarding the construction and properties of their own artificial islands.Today, artificial island construction is being increased, and this has caused many environmental crises, including the increase of water darkness and pollution and transport of coastal sediments. This article analyzed the destructive impacts of constructing artificial islands in the Persian Gulf environment, the effect of development of new land space from geopolitical view, and building artificial islands from the viewpoint of International Law of the seas are being reviewed. Moreover, because the notion of governance in modern International Law has been modified regarding the use of the environment and sustainable development, the countries constructing these islands and coastal countries will have limited rights to build artificial islands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Evaluation of Soil Contamination to Heavy Metals around the Shazand Power Plants Using Statistical and Geo Statistical Analysis
feridon ghadimi Mohammad Ghomi Elaheh Mohamadi valy kandi Elaheh mohammadiVali KandiBackground and Purpose: Development in sciences are influenced by the wys of comfort in living today. But, the development has provided high problems such as environmental pollution. Heavy metals are the most important elements that contaminated environment and are pois MoreBackground and Purpose: Development in sciences are influenced by the wys of comfort in living today. But, the development has provided high problems such as environmental pollution. Heavy metals are the most important elements that contaminated environment and are poisonous for human as well. These elements such as Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Co and Cu are produced by industrial activities. Method: This paper attempts to apply geochemical methods such as statistical and geostatistical method for evaluation of distribution heavy metals in soils. Thermal power plant of Shazand in the close of Mohajaran of Arak city is the center of elemental pollution accompanied with refinery and petrochemical in this area. Findings: This study is determined that among the elements such as Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Co and Cu, only Cd is contaminants element. Discussion and Conclusion: The amount of Cd is high in fuel raw of Iran and Shazand power plant uses this fuel. Therefore, Cd has increased in the extruded smok and has transferred by wind and has deposited in the soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - With a Glance to the Implementation of Environmental Treaties
Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi mojtaba sobhaniniaOne of the legal problems of the implementation of international law in general and international environmental law in particular in Iran is the lack of a clear legal definition of the place of international treaties in the legal system. International treaties are norms MoreOne of the legal problems of the implementation of international law in general and international environmental law in particular in Iran is the lack of a clear legal definition of the place of international treaties in the legal system. International treaties are norms that have no place in the hierarchy of different legal systems (based on the relationship between domestic and international law) and in some countries are superior to ordinary laws, in others they are considered the breadth of ordinary laws, and in others it is considered a lower position than the normal law. In the Iranian legal system, due to the ambiguity in the laws regarding the status of the treaty, each of the three mentioned theories has been supported by some jurists. The result of the present article, by examining and analyzing the practical procedures adopted by the three powers of the Islamic Republic of Iran, is that the Iranian legal system has chosen the approach of equality of international treaty law (and not the entire international legal system) with the domestic legal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Quantification Visual Criteria of Land Cover Using Landscape Metrics (Case Study: Tonekabon Forests of Dohezar-Sehezar )
Kobra Melhosseini Darani Samar Mortazavi Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Kamran Shayesteh Samereh FalahatkarBackground and Objective: Despite the increasingly trend of developmental activities that are likely to change the structure and change or eliminate landscape functions and processes in Iran ultimately, it seems necessary to consider the visual effect in EIA studies esp MoreBackground and Objective: Despite the increasingly trend of developmental activities that are likely to change the structure and change or eliminate landscape functions and processes in Iran ultimately, it seems necessary to consider the visual effect in EIA studies especially in northern ecosystem of the country. Methods: This study aimed to quantify the visual criteria of naturalness and complexity using SHDI, SHEI, PLAND, LPI, PR, PD, and NP measurements in the area of Tonekabon's Dohezar-Sehezar watershed from two viewpoints. The visible range, after land use mapping and production of DSM and transmitting of visibility points to GIS, was obtained using the Visibility instruction in GIS, which analyzed the visible range at two points. Findings: According to the PLAND index, the highest amount pertained to forest land use, and their amounts for forest, agriculture, and rangeland land uses found 0.1499, 0.0001, and 0.0021 respectively that detected the naturalness in the first- viewpoint was more than the second viewpoint, and this area has been less affected by human interferences. At the second point, except for the SHEI value which was less than the first point ( 0.0927), the amount of SHDI (0.0927), PR(7000), PD (2.507), and NP(2058000) indices grater than second point obtained. Discussion and Conclusion: The use of landscape metrics with regard to their capabilities can be a useful step to early identification of the impacts of development on the structure of landscape. The proposed approach can be the basis for developing a new method to understanding the effects of landscape changing in planning and management fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Evaluation of Environmental Sustainability East Azerbaijan Province
Hossein Nazmfar Ali Eshgi Mohammad Hossein Aslani Alavi Ghilamreaz AhmadzadehIntroduction: Environmental sustainability assessment is one of the most important tools in the process of sustainable development planning and therefore attention to it in policy-making and planning is inevitable. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to as MoreIntroduction: Environmental sustainability assessment is one of the most important tools in the process of sustainable development planning and therefore attention to it in policy-making and planning is inevitable. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to assess and evaluate the degree of environmental sustainability among the cities of East Azerbaijan province.Material and Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical with an applied purpose. The statistical population of the study is 20 cities of East Azerbaijan provinces. In order to evaluate and rank the environmental sustainability, 13 indicators of environmental components of the cities of the province were selected from the statistical yearbook of 2012. These variables were weighed using Shannon entropy method was used.Findings: Findings indicate differences in environmental sustainability among cities in the province. So that out of 20 cities, 4 sustainable cities (Ajabshir, Bonab, Varzeqan and Marand with scores of 0.0271, 0.1510, 0.1810 and 0.2144, respectively), 2 relatively stable cities (Bostanabad and Jolfa respectively) With a score of 0.2795 and 0.3846), 6 semi-sustainable cities (Tabriz, Maragheh, Malekan, Schister, Khodaafarin and Miyaneh with a score of 0.4755, 0.5145, 0.59393, 0.5832, 0.5933 and respectively 0.6459), 5 relatively semi-unstable cities (Charavimaq, Harris, Kalibar, Sarab and Azarshahr with scores of 0.6879, 0.7244, 0.796, 0.760 and 0.8125, respectively) and 3 cities (Osko, Ahar) And Hashtrood with a score of 0.836, 0.9001 and 0.9999, respectively) are among the deprived cities of the province in terms of environmental conditions that have less environmental sustainability.Results and Discussion: The results of the research indicate that the cities of East Azarbaijan are in a semi-stable position in terms of environmental sustainability. In general, it can be seen that most of the cities in the process of environmental sustainability are in a semi-stable and relatively unstable state and need more priority to implement sustainable development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - An Analysis of the Civil Liability for Environmental Damages Resulted from Cryptocurrency Mining
Mahdi Madadi mohsen ghaemi kharghMining of cryptocurrencies is one of the important phenomenon attracting the attention of a great number of people due to its tremendous profit; however, the said profit for a limited number of people is turning into a challenge for the planet earth. As a result, an inc MoreMining of cryptocurrencies is one of the important phenomenon attracting the attention of a great number of people due to its tremendous profit; however, the said profit for a limited number of people is turning into a challenge for the planet earth. As a result, an increase in the power demand causes an increase in the greenhouse gas emission and eventually leads to two degrees of global warming.This is a library research using the inductive-deductive method. Beside reviewing the equation ratio of “environment” and “economy resulted from Mining cryptocurrency”, this research suggests some strategies for prevention of the said problems and reviews the civil liability of Mining of such currencies. It is concluded that the Mining should bear the consequences of their profitability based on the theories of “No-Damage” and “Risk” and they should try to compensate the damages. Taking into account the existing complex situation of the environment, the method of compensating the damages is in line with the reality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Investigating the Impact of Human Capital on the Relationship between Environmental Pollution and Economic Growth in MENA Countries
azam hajiaghajani kambiz hojabr kiani Ali Emami Meibodi kambiz peykarjouBackground and Objective: The economic growth model can examine the direct and indirect effects of human capital on economic growth. One of the indirect factors is environmental pollution. But in the meantime, one should not overlook the limitations of the advocates of MoreBackground and Objective: The economic growth model can examine the direct and indirect effects of human capital on economic growth. One of the indirect factors is environmental pollution. But in the meantime, one should not overlook the limitations of the advocates of this theory, such as the Impact of Human Capital Utilization on reducing environmental pollution, in order to achieve goals and policies similar to those of developed economies. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of human capital on Kuznets’ emphasized relationship, the threshold relation of environmental pollution and economic growth. Method: Therefore, using the data from 14 countries in the MENA area for the period 2000 - 2016, the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) or dynamic data panel method was used to test the hypothesis. Findings: The relationship between environmental pollution (CO2 emissions) and economic growth is nonlinear and the Kuznets curve hypothesis in the selected research sample confirms the existence of an inverse U-shaped relationship between economic growth and pollution emissions. Higher the human capital with the current level of greenhouse gas emissions, lead to the higher economic growth in selected countries. Discussion and Conclusion: Increased growth due to the accumulation of human capital can play a moderating role on the negative relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth of the selected research set. With the increase of human capital at any level of environmental pollution, the threshold point of the negative relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth is delayed. In other words, as knowledge-based and human capital-based development increases the negative relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth is moderated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Tehran Iran Khodro Factory (EIA)
Roqiyeh Yadollahi mohammad ghafariyanbahraman Maryam Alizadeh Mohammad Reza KhatibizadehBackground and Objective: The research includes an assessment of the environmental effects of the Iran Khodro Manufacturing Plant, with an emphasis on the application of the Iranian Leopold Matrix Method, prepared by Majid Makhdoom. Experts from Iran Khodro Factory, Env MoreBackground and Objective: The research includes an assessment of the environmental effects of the Iran Khodro Manufacturing Plant, with an emphasis on the application of the Iranian Leopold Matrix Method, prepared by Majid Makhdoom. Experts from Iran Khodro Factory, Environmental Organization and experts of the Municipality of Tehran region 21 have been used to rate each work in this method. The result of the matrix may be one of the following: the project is rejected, the project is approved, the project is verifiable with corrective options, the project is approved with the submission of improvement projects or that the project can be approved by presenting improvement plans and corrective options. Findings: By analyzing the Leopold matrix, it was determined that the number of negative algebraic effects is equal to 8 and the number of consequences, the negative algebraic average in the row is equal to 9. Among them, the number of negative consequences less than -3/1 in the column is only related to the effects of air pollutants. Which is equal to -3/3. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research show that the project is in the fifth position, which means the project of Iran Khodro Plant is approved by the presentation of the improvement plan and corrective options. In this case the number of ranking meanings in the column and in the rows is less than -3/1, but their number does not reach 50% of the states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Determining the efficiency of farmers with emphasis on proper management of chemical input consumption and environmental effects (Case study of beet growers in Ghaen city)
elahe Ahani Hamid Mohammadi وحید دهباشی Alireza Sarghazi S.Mohammad Jafari EsfahaniBackground and Objective: Sugar beet, as one of the important sources of energy supply, plays an important role in food security of society. Therefore, the optimal use of agricultural inputs in the production of this product, in addition to increasing productivity and r MoreBackground and Objective: Sugar beet, as one of the important sources of energy supply, plays an important role in food security of society. Therefore, the optimal use of agricultural inputs in the production of this product, in addition to increasing productivity and reducing production costs, leads to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing the negative impact of improper consumption of agricultural inputs on the environment. Finds. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency range of farmers based on the use of agricultural inputs in an optimistic-pessimistic framework, and analyze the environmental effects of input consumption. Material and Methodology: Information needed to conduct research was collected through interviews and completing 48 questionnaires among sample beet growers in Ghaen city in the 99-98 crop year. Findings: The average efficiency of farmers in the output-input mode was equal (0.7011, 1.7606) and the average efficiency of farmers (0.427, 0.0352) was calculated. The results show that 42.7% of the product is produced per unit consumption. Also, the average amount of inputs such as: seed consumption, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen and toxins in the production of sugar beet, respectively, is estimated at 3.370, 54.2, 139.70 and 2.523 kg / ha. The amount of carbon dioxide emitted due to the production of sugar beet and the consumption of essential inputs such as: nitrogen fertilizer, and seed consumption, the toxin is 1480.73, 984.65, 1.53, 11.49 kg / ha, respectively. According to the results, nitrogen fertilizer has the greatest environmental impact. Discussion and conclusion: In the production of sugar beet, different types of inputs are used, which in addition to increasing the yield, also have an environmental effect. Therefore, by informing farmers through their presence and participation in extension classes and also by educating farmers about the proper management and consumption of chemical inputs, the harmful effects of their overuse in the production process can be prevented. Brought. In order to reduce the biological and protective effects, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and replace livestock and organic fertilizers by producers and policy makers should be considered. Also, review the implementation of subsidy reduction policies and the realization of the price of chemical fertilizers and consumer inputs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Impact of the Theory of Consumption Values on Green Purchasing Behavior with Emphasis on Mediator Role of Environmental Concern (Case study: Consumers of green products in Tehran)
Mirza Hasan Hoseini Reza norouzi ajirlooBackground and Objective: Concerns about environmental degradation have increased over the past decades. In response to these concerns, consumers are helping to protect the environment by purchasing and using green products. The purpose of this study was to investigate MoreBackground and Objective: Concerns about environmental degradation have increased over the past decades. In response to these concerns, consumers are helping to protect the environment by purchasing and using green products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of thetheory of consumption values on green purchasing behavior, with emphasis on the role of mediator of environmental concern of consumers of green products under the supervision of the Organic Society of Iran in Tehran. Method: This research is an applied and methodological research of correlation type. The statistical population of this research is customers of stores under the supervision of the Organic Society of Iran located in Tehran. A total of 320 customers were selected as the sample. Data were collected using standard questionnaires and data analysis using structural equation modeling with Smart-PLS software. Findings: The results of the research show that environmental concern of consumers of green products mediates the impact of consumption theory on green purchasing behavior, and there is a positive and significant relationship between the theory of consumption valuesand environmental concerns of green consumers in Tehran. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, considering the environmental concerns of consumers, buying green products is influenced by the value of consumption. Consumers with high environmental concern support green products more, and show greater readiness to choose them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - A Survey of Environmental Trainings Conducted by Non-Governmental Environment Organizations of Iran
Neda Mohammadi Farzam Babaie Ali Mohammadi Davood HayatgheibBackground and purpose: The present practical research by surveying the evaluating factors of environmental education in NGOs is going to examine the present condition of NGOs according to statistics studies and distinguishing the backwardness reasons of these NGO MoreBackground and purpose: The present practical research by surveying the evaluating factors of environmental education in NGOs is going to examine the present condition of NGOs according to statistics studies and distinguishing the backwardness reasons of these NGOs in environmental effective training for target societies and addresses. So in this case, the present gaps among the NGOs, government and public, unfortunate reasons to NGOs were recognized and removed.Method: Environmental education and NGOs are among the studied variables. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed to receive information about the educational activities of the seminaries and another questionnaire was designed to receive the opinions of intellectuals on environmental education and environmental semantics.The sample of this study was 125 NGOs that were selected among 760NGOs by random sampling and 26 environmental education experts filled those questionnaires, after filling the questionnaires at first step descriptive statistics were reported, and then the analysis of data was done by statistical software.Results: The research shows that probably, the condition of environmental education of NGOs can't perform the necessary education of citizens for protection of environment. The present quality of environmental education produced by NGOs must be re-examined. The determination of evaluating factors causes the promotion of quality of environmental education of NGOs.Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results of indicators investigated in this study, the quality and quantity of trainings provided by environmental NGOs were medium upward, but they aren’t suitable for the lack of citizens, environmental information and awareness.Furthermore the determination of evaluation indicators and the ranking of environmental NGOs cause increasing the quality of environmental education provided to citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Investigating the Effect of Environmental Awareness and Education on Improving the Pattern of Energy Consumption on Household Sector and its Relationship with the Age and Sex of Citizens (Case Study: District 6 of Tehran Municipality)
mahsa nasrollahzadeh Maryam FarahaniBackground and Objective: Environmental education on energy resources is one of the best methods to improve the quality of the urban environment. Present study carried out to investigate the effect of environmental awareness and education on optimization of energy consu MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental education on energy resources is one of the best methods to improve the quality of the urban environment. Present study carried out to investigate the effect of environmental awareness and education on optimization of energy consumption pattern on household sector and its relationship with age and gender of the citizens. Method: The present study was conducted in the fall of 2017. This study was the descriptive-survey method. The statistical population was the citizens of District 6 of Tehran Municipality. The sample size was calculated 390 people using Cochran's formula. The sampling method was randomized and data collection method was questionnaires. Research data processed using SPSS statistical software version 22, where analytical and descriptive statistics were analyzed. Findings: The average score of environmental knowledge of the citizens of Tehran Municipality No. 6 was 4.21 (out of 5). So, the studied samples have a moderate to high environmental attitude and behavior. There was no significant difference between environmental knowledge, attitudes and behavior of men and women in this region while the age variable showed a significant effect on the level of environmental knowledge, attitudes and behavior of citizens of Region 6. Discussion and Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between environmental knowledge and behavior and environmental attitudes and behavior. It is recommended to perform effective regional education methods for improving the attitude and environmental behavior of the residents of this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Presenting A Model for Identifying and Ranking Environmental Accounting Indicators Using the ORESTE Technique and Based on the Grounded Theory Approach
sedighe azizi hojjatallah salare Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar davood KhodadadiBackground and Objective: The accounting information system can play a significant role in helping to protect the environment. However, despite the important role of environmental accounting, no comprehensive index has been provided so far. Therefore, the main purpose o MoreBackground and Objective: The accounting information system can play a significant role in helping to protect the environment. However, despite the important role of environmental accounting, no comprehensive index has been provided so far. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to present a model to identify and rank environmental accounting indicators using ORESTE technique and based on grounded theory approach. Material and Methodology: The present research is of applied and exploratory type. The present research has been conducted using a mixed research method in the two qualitative and quantitative parts. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part is the faculty members of universities and in the quantitative part is 194 managers, experts and informed people in the field of environmental accounting. Findings: In order to achieve the research objectives, the desired questions for the interview have been designed and finally the 6 factors of senior management commitment, uncertainty, strategy, social legitimacy, environmental monitoring and control, and accounting information system, and sub-components related to each factor based on grounded theory approach have been identified as the main factors in environmental accounting. Then, the identified indicators are placed in the form of a paired comparisons questionnaire and have been ranked using the ORESTE technique. The research results showed that the sub-indicators of senior management commitment factor including organizational justice, corporate social responsibility and ethical charter have respectively the highest ranks among the indicators. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the stated results, environmental accounting will be considered in manufacturing companies when organizational justice is perceived by companies and regarded by the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Evaluation of Environmental Education Effectiveness on Environmental Attitude and Awareness of Students
Afsaneh Asgaripor Mohammad Javad Amiri Samaneh RahimiBackground and Objective: Many environmental threats are the consequences of human behaviors and just the change in human behavior can reduce this environmental problem. The environmental education is one of the best ways to change these bad behaviors toward the environ MoreBackground and Objective: Many environmental threats are the consequences of human behaviors and just the change in human behavior can reduce this environmental problem. The environmental education is one of the best ways to change these bad behaviors toward the environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental education on attitudes and increasing environmental awareness of preschool boys of Malayer city. Method: First 22 students were selected and assigned to experimental and control groups, respectively. After environmental education, the test of both groups and statistical analysis was performed both tests to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental education. Findings: The results of t-test with 1% error showed significant difference between pre-test and post-test in both groups (control group and exam group) in awareness of the environment (t= -15/79 sig= 0/00) and environmental attitudes (t= -17/80 sig= 0/00). Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore final results are insisted that age-appropriate environmental education have vital role in improving the environmental attitude and knowledge. So this training can be considered as a preventive strategy of environmental degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Assessment of Changes in the Patterns of Urban Structure of the City on Spatial Change of Urban Air Pollutants (Case Study: Tehran City)
Vahid Moshfeghi Samira YousefianBackground and Objective: The land use pattern represents the distribution and horizontal combination of urban applications, which plays a very important role in the distribution of pollutants and urban air quality. The impacts of these pollutants can be identified in t MoreBackground and Objective: The land use pattern represents the distribution and horizontal combination of urban applications, which plays a very important role in the distribution of pollutants and urban air quality. The impacts of these pollutants can be identified in the location of pollutants (industrial, commercial, office, residential, etc.), as well as its impact on the distribution of urban travel and subsequent emissions from urban traffic. The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of land use pattern and physical structure in spatial variations of pollutants in Tehran during the period of 2011-2018.Material and Methodology: In order to achieve this goal, Landsat satellite images and also data from the Air Quality Control Center of Tehran in 2011 and 2018 were used. Kriging model was arranged using Arc GIS software to classify satellite images and specify types of applications using artificial neural network method in ENVI software and also to determine the concentration of air pollution in Tehran.Findings: The results of spatial correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between spatial structure changes and air pollution in Tehran during 7 years.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of land use change and air pollution indices indicate that construction in the west and north of Tehran has increased the concentration of pollutants in these directions from the city. If the change from downstream land to urban green spaces in the east and south-east of Tehran reduces the concentration of pollutants urban air has been in these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Estimated Index of Ecological Footprints of Energy (Electricity and Natural Gas) and Water Consumption of Household Sector in 22 Districts of Tehran
Zahra Abedi parisa soltani khamsehBackgrounds and objectives: Population growth and excessive consumption of natural resources for the continuation of economic welfare, in addition to destroying the ecosystem has caused a shortage of life on the planet is vital to prevent any shortage of access to natur MoreBackgrounds and objectives: Population growth and excessive consumption of natural resources for the continuation of economic welfare, in addition to destroying the ecosystem has caused a shortage of life on the planet is vital to prevent any shortage of access to natural resources continue. This article estimates the ecological footprint of water and energy consumption (electricity and natural gas) of the household sector in the 22 districts of Tehran and estimates the environmental capacity of the mentioned resources. Analysis method: Estimating the ecological footprint of water and energy (electricity and natural gas) used in the household sector of Tehran refers to the negative relationship between the continuity of household activities and the ecological gap of the mentioned sources, which according to the results and their analysis, ecological gap more than 4 million hectares of water, electricity and natural gas consumption are available in the household sector of Tehran.To find the impact of practical solutions to reduce the ecological gap using SPSS software and Cochran test and also developing a questionnaire related to the use of resources in household,the most important factor in reducing the ecological gap is identified. Findings: Based on the results obtained and their analysis, the ecological gap of over 4 million hectares is due to the excessive use of water, electricity and natural gas in the household sector of Tehran. After estimating the ecological gap, questionnaires were distributed to clarify the causes of household waste loss. According to the statistical society, in the assessment of the questionnaire, the population of the 22nd household in Tehran was considered to be 2 million and 830thousand households.To create uniformity of analysis, the households were based on a population of 3, Then through the Cochran formula, 1100 households were sampled and they were randomly selected. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the questionnaire showed that the most important factor in reducing the ecological gap and having the optimal use of water in the household sector is reducing water consumption for washing cars,the most important factor for creating optimal power consumption in the household sector is using energy-saving bulbs.The most important factor for creating optimal consumption of natural gas in the household sector is the use of double-glazed windows and the least effective factor is the use of gas heaters proportional to the area of the houses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Evaluation of Bank Oriented Environmental Social Responsibility in Order To Reduce Emissions in Industrial Production and Macroeconomic Levels in Iran: Application of Blanchard-Quah Decomposition (BQ) and Bootstrap Standard Error (BSE)
mahdi ghaemiasl Mohammad Nasr Isfahani Sirus CharkhBackground and Objective: Environmental responsibility as an important aspect of social responsibility is a necessary condition for survival and success ban and banks are trying to invest in activities that can improve the conditions of society and protecting the enviro MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental responsibility as an important aspect of social responsibility is a necessary condition for survival and success ban and banks are trying to invest in activities that can improve the conditions of society and protecting the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate suppliers based bank's environmental social responsibility to reduce emissions in both industrial and macroeconomic production levels. Method: In this study to investigate the contemporaneous, long-run and dynamic effects of facilities granted by the banking system to the private sector on the emission of environmental pollutants at two levels of industrial production (industry sector) and aggregated economic activities (macroeconomic), the structural VAR method (SVAR), Bootstrap Standard Error (BSE) and Blanchard-Quah Decomposition (BQ) is used. Findings: The results of contemporaneous and long-term effect matrixes in macroeconomic SVAR model shows that, A financial shock (with the size of a standard deviation) due to Bank support facilities to aggregated economic activities and from disturbance term of DLTLOA, led to a 0.0387 percent increase in the level of environmental emissions in the first period, but in the long run has no significant effect on the level of emissions. In addition, the result of industrial sector shows that a financial shock, led to a 0.0397 percent increase in the level of environmental emissions in the first period and its long-term impact on the level of environmental emissions is 0.0695 percent incensement. Estimation of dynamic effects also shows that in both industrial sector and the macroeconomic level, all shocks led to emissions incensement. Discussion and Conclusion: The banking sector with the support of sectors of the economy, especially the industrial sector, has failed to play proper role in its serious social responsibility in the area of production with clean technology and methods and in practice, has become financial supporter of unqualified pollutant industries and productions. It seems as improper support structure of the banking system from industries and pollutant producers, to be followed by increasing in environmental emissions, the reform of the banking support structure and facilities, can lead to environmental improvements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Economic Valuation of non-use Functions (preservation value, heritage and existence) of Environmental Resource International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland
MAHMOOD SINAEI Ashrafali Hosseini Samaneh dalir boostansaraeiBackground and Objective: International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland is located in the South East of Iran. This wetland is important for vegetation characteristics such as mangrove forests and due to the overall status is the most important wetland for many migrat MoreBackground and Objective: International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland is located in the South East of Iran. This wetland is important for vegetation characteristics such as mangrove forests and due to the overall status is the most important wetland for many migratory birds and marine organisms like fish and sea turtles. The aim of this study was to economically evaluate the non-consumption values of environmental resources of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland and to sensitize regional and national services to the study areas as environmental assets and to promote its position in development policy. Method:This research were carrying out to determine non-consumptive values (the value of conservation, heritage and existence) of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland and measure individual’s willingness to pay (WTP) for preservation and recreational benefits based on contingent valuation (CV) and dichotomous choice (DC) in 2015. In this regards, the value of biological, cultural, natural and existential interest in hunting, willingness to pay for wildlife habitat, air pollution control, vision and values protected by the state visit, the positive effects on agricultural wetlands and wildlife value of the area in terms of three functions , recreation and tourism and improve the climate of the region is estimated. Random sampling, 315 questionnaires were collected from residents. Findings: The mean of willingness to pay for preservation value of this wetland is 48965 RLs. The results show that the total economic value of non-use functions of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland is about 78.285.220.701 rials. Discussion and Conclusion: Results revealed that International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland had considerable preservation and recreational values. Thus, these values provide enough justification for policy makers to maintain the quality of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland, and avoid degrading wetland resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Environmental Efficiency and Its Relationship with Income in Islamic Countries (D8)
Mahsa Evaz Sahra Saman Ziaee Mahmood Ahmadpour Borazjani Alireza SargaziBackground and Objective: Economic growth is the main goal of many economic policies of governments. However, rapid economic growth often causes serious damage to the environment (due to the increasing use of natural resources). Hence, there is a potential contradiction MoreBackground and Objective: Economic growth is the main goal of many economic policies of governments. However, rapid economic growth often causes serious damage to the environment (due to the increasing use of natural resources). Hence, there is a potential contradiction between economic growth policies and the state of the environment, so gradually the issue of conflict between economic growth and environmental quality became one of the topics of discussion in the field of environmental economics. Method: In the field of environmental economics in this study, using data envelopment analysis method (DEA) the environmental efficiency was calculated for developing Islamic countries (D8) during the period of 1980-2014. Then, using the panel data method, the relationship between environmental efficiency and per capita income was investigated. Information about these countries was collected from various economic sites such as the Data world bank, Economy watch and …. Findings: The results show that the average of environmental efficiency of the D8 countries increased at a rate of 1.02. This increases the efficiency of technology to increase efficiency at the rate of 1.021 and 0.998 of technical efficiency. Technical efficiency is because of the increase in management efficiency (1) and scale efficiency (0.998). Discussion and Conclusion The growth of environmental efficiency in Iran is 1.016, which is in the fifth place after Malaysia (1.053), Indonesia (1.042), Nigeria (1.036) and Turkey (1.025). According to the results, there is a direct relationship between per capita income and environmental pollution, so Kuznets law is not established in these countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Investigate the influence of citizenship education on social responsibility, social skills and environmental skills of Bojnord municipal employees
shima mohammadzade Mahboubeh SoleimanpouromranBackground and Objective: The present study was carried out in order to investigate the influence of citizenship education on social responsibility, social skills and environmental skills of Bojnord municipal employees. Method: This study is practical quasi-experimenta MoreBackground and Objective: The present study was carried out in order to investigate the influence of citizenship education on social responsibility, social skills and environmental skills of Bojnord municipal employees. Method: This study is practical quasi-experimental pre-test post-test type with a control group. The statistical population includes all the 810 municipal employees of Bojnord, from which 60 employees were chosen using simple random sampling. The chosen employees were divided into two 30-member groups. One group was control and the other was considered the test group. The pre-test was administered for both groups. After holding 12 sessions of citizenship education for the test group, the post-test was administered for both groups. Matsun social skills questionnaires (1983), Emam Goli environmental behavior (2012), Five NEO personality traits of responsibility subscale (1985) were used for data collection. The validity of questionnaires was of face and content validity, which was approved by professors. The validity of Matsun social skills questionnaires (1983), Emam Goli environmental behavior (2012), Five NEO personality traits of responsibility subscale (1985) was 0.859, 0.899, and 0.821, respectively. Descriptive statistics (frequency distribution table, mean, standard deviation), inferential statistics (the investigation of data normality via Kolmogrov-Smirnov, covariance analysis, t-test), SPSS 22 and PLS 3 were used for data analysis. Findings: Factor analysis results revealed that citizenship education influences social responsibility, social skills and environmental skills 25%, 39% and 79%, respectively. Hence, it can be claimed that citizenship education has had a positive meaningful influence on social responsibility, social skills and environmental skills of Bojnord municipal employees. Discus s ion and Conclusion: According to the results of factor analysis in the post-test phase on the experimental group, citizenship education had the greatest impact on responsibility. Therefore, as citizenship education increases, employees' responsibility for the two components (social and environmental skills) is more affected and improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - The Impact of Policies on Domestic Waste Management (Case study: Region 8 of Tehran Municipality)
Sadegh Salehi Jila AhmadiBackground and Objective: Separation of waste from the source is one of the basic strategies in household waste management. To achieve this goal, different policies are adopted by planners and city managers, and the rate of achievement of goals can also vary depending o MoreBackground and Objective: Separation of waste from the source is one of the basic strategies in household waste management. To achieve this goal, different policies are adopted by planners and city managers, and the rate of achievement of goals can also vary depending on the type of policy. To investigate the impact of policies on household waste management in the form of facilities, opportunities and incentives, the present study was conducted in August 2015 in District 8 of Tehran Municipality.Material and Methodology: For this research, 400 samples of Tehran citizens were selected by quota-random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire and face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to assess the validity and reliability of the questions. Data analysis was performed using Spss software version 16 and descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings: The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that the variable of facilities and opportunities for waste segregation is correlated with the behavior of waste segregation. But the economic incentive variable has no significant relationship with waste segregation and this hypothesis was rejected. Further investigation revealed that the tools of economic incentives through factors such as promoting the issue of waste segregation using sources such as writers, radio and television news, etc., as well as citizens' awareness of municipal policies and executive programs in the field of waste management (law Waste management, dry waste collection methods, how to communicate with the municipality, etc.) can be effective on waste segregation.Discussion and Conclusion: The findings suggest the complexity of identifying and determining the factors affecting the behavior of waste segregation and in general the need to consider a set of social factors in predicting environmental behavior. Emphasis on incentive tools and components alone can not affect waste segregation behavior or lead to citizen participation and cooperation. Lack of proper information to citizens regarding municipal programs such as the implementation of the waste segregation plan or lack of awareness about the waste management law are among the factors that have challenged the successful implementation of this plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Critical Notes on Environmental Justice and Sustainable Development
Payman Namamian sobhan tayebiThe international community is increasingly facing environmental problems such as deforestation, global warming, environmental pollution, species extinction and desertification, and more. The development of human society over the centuries has been such that it cannot r MoreThe international community is increasingly facing environmental problems such as deforestation, global warming, environmental pollution, species extinction and desertification, and more. The development of human society over the centuries has been such that it cannot rely solely on the environment. In this regard, economic, scientific and technological development is formed in space and time. In the course of this development, according to human concerns, sustainability is an issue that guarantees the rights of future generations. Although the frameworks of solidarity law have also taken great strides in this direction, the appropriate conditions have not been sufficient in any way. Hence, the spatial and temporal nature of human development has raised concerns about human rights and the environment. Using conceptual analysis, this article critically examines the concepts of environmental justice and sustainable development and proves that development is meaningful in terms of issues such as respect for the environment and respect for human rights against the environment. This article concludes that global happiness and prosperity can only be achieved in an atmosphere of understanding between nations on the basis that the protection of the environment and its sustainability is a matter of respect for environmental rights. Therefore, one of the suggestions of this article is to establish efforts related to sustainable development based on environmental justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - A look at the provisions of international law in order to combat with desertification in the middle east region
manijeh ganjalinejad Ali Zaree seyed ganjalinejadFollowing the drought and famine of the early seventies in Africa, the issue of desertification as a global problem has arisen.Operational and educational measures were taken to combat desertification across the four continents of Asia , Africa ,Latin America and Europe MoreFollowing the drought and famine of the early seventies in Africa, the issue of desertification as a global problem has arisen.Operational and educational measures were taken to combat desertification across the four continents of Asia , Africa ,Latin America and Europe.on June 17, 1994, the text of the convention was finalized. Less developed countries, especially African and Middle Eastern countries, are more likely to be affected by drought and desertification issues such as poverty, health, inadequate nutrition and migration issues. Implementation measures have been taken to combat desertification but these actions were not fit with the needs of the international community.It cannot be a fundamental solution to the problem of desertification. But the fact is that there is a serious weakness in the field of legal documents. In other words, countries that are somehow involved with this phenomenon ,They have not taken effective practical measures to compile and approve binding documents to reduce desertification. Middle East countries are more affected by the consequences of drought and desertification than any other country in the world. And its effects are also evident in the dust phenomena that have plagued the area for many years. Of course, this shortage of countries is rooted in many issues, including political, economic, social and cultural. In this way, The paper seeks to examine international legal instruments related to the desertification problem using analytical-descriptive methods and identify an existing legal bugs in issues. Although many international documents have been compiled in the field of desertification and many efforts have been made to deal with desertification, But looking at these documents and other international efforts, we can understand that if legal documents could be decisively solving problems, there would be no need for a new solution. And it seems that in order to avoid the conflicts of the regional governments in the conferences, they should reach a binding agreement to deal with desertification that can be implemented. Because the conventions either do not guarantee implementation or have a weak implementation guarantee, and as a result, we face problems in implementation A regional treaty between the countries affected by this situation should be formed and it needs to be specific to the Middle East region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Investigation of the impact of experience and environmental knowledge on attitudes and behaviors of consumers’ conscious of the environment
Mahdi Farmani Mohammad Ghaffari Mostafa Zandi NasabBackground and Objective: In today's competitive market, companies are surely able to make competitive advantage and benefit from it in the long run, paying more attention to environmental issues. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of e MoreBackground and Objective: In today's competitive market, companies are surely able to make competitive advantage and benefit from it in the long run, paying more attention to environmental issues. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of environmental knowledge on attitudes and behaviors of consumers’ conscious of the environment. Method: This research, is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of research method. The statistical population of this research includes all customers of Pegah Company throughout the country in January 2019. To this end, 384 samples were selected using available sampling method. In order to confirm the validity of the questionnaire, content validity, construct validity and convergent validity were examined. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22 and LISREL 8.8 software. Finding: All research hypotheses were approved and the coefficient of determination of attitudes toward the environment and behavior of consumers’ conscious of the environment is 0/51 and 0/35. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research show that general environmental knowledge and Eco-friendly knowledge has a significant impact on attitudes toward the environment and environmental experience has a significant impact on attitudes and behaviors of conscious consumers toward environment. Also, attitudes toward environment has a significant impact on behavior of consumers’ conscious of the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Surveying the Users’ Preferences of Urban Public Entrance Spaces with Emphasis on Environmental Criteria Case Study: )Traditional Gardens around the Eastern entrance of Qazvin)
Maryam Qasemi tabar mohammad reza khatibiBackground and Objectives: Planning regardless of the different dimensions of the urban entrances, has caused the aggregation incompatible land uses, scattered and worthless buildings, widespread and soulless streets in the main city entrance axes. Since the urban entra MoreBackground and Objectives: Planning regardless of the different dimensions of the urban entrances, has caused the aggregation incompatible land uses, scattered and worthless buildings, widespread and soulless streets in the main city entrance axes. Since the urban entrance is the first urban space that people deal with and creates the first image of a city among residents and newcomers; therefore, attention to the user preferences of the urban entrance spaces and its qualities with emphasis on environmental criteria is very important and needs to be regulated. Considering the capacity of the traditional gardens around the eastern entrance of Qazvin and the visual significance of the city entrance axis, this research, is specifically looking at the effects of environmental criteria on the users’ selection and preference of the city entrance axis. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature with matter of survey.Material and Methodology: In this present study, 30 expert questionnaires were distributed in urban organizations and finally, by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), overall criteria and sub-criteria were weighted and prioritized.Findings: The results show that the most important criteria in terms of urban experts in order to increase the users’ preferences from the urban entrance spaces is related to Readability criterion. Subsequently, the Vitality, Sense of invitation, Individuation, and Environmental Health criteria are respectively in the users’ preferences of the urban entrance spaces.Discussion and Conclusion: The status of each qualitative criteria of user preferences from entrance space in traditional gardens of the eastern entrance of the Qazvin has been surveyed and finally, some suggestions have been made to improve the quality of entrance through entrance sequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Environmental Risk Assessment for Gas Pipeline Construction Using the Multi-Index Compilation Decision Method (Case study: Gachsaran to Bidboland)
shahab Ahmadzadeh MARYAM ROBATI hanieh nikoomaramBackground and Objective: This study analyzes the risk assessment of Gachsaran petrochemical Ethan transformation 20 inch pipeline implementation design as one of the most important petrochemical designs of the country, with the knowledge of assuring necessity of proper MoreBackground and Objective: This study analyzes the risk assessment of Gachsaran petrochemical Ethan transformation 20 inch pipeline implementation design as one of the most important petrochemical designs of the country, with the knowledge of assuring necessity of proper and right implementation of projects and finally presenting solutions for adverse effects reduction on environment. Method: VIKOR and ENVID methods are types of environmental risk identification methods that show necessary applicability for projects’ risk amount assessment. Findings: In this research, relative analysis process of failure existence potentials is discussed and also sensitivity assessment and vulnerability detection of environment around us is done. This method conclude recognition of environment affected by gas leakage, important ecologic compartments checked and assessed considering environmental sensitivities, risk amount guaranty according to existing standards and identification of preventive actions and potential pipeline risk reduction actions. Discussion and Conclusions: The results show that in both mentioned methods, construction phase has more risk in comparison to application phase as in construction phase, physical and chemical and economical, social and cultural environments respectively get the most influence and in application phase with less severity comparing to construction phase Economical, social and cultural and physical and chemical receive the most influence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - The Importance of Access to Clean Environmental Energy in Reducing Violence against women
Valiollah Nasiri Hossein Sorayyai Azar Hojjat SalimyThe connection between fossil fuel production and uses and violence against local women, and the escalation of violence against women due to climate change and also violence against women who defend the importance of environment protection and critcise the uses of fossi MoreThe connection between fossil fuel production and uses and violence against local women, and the escalation of violence against women due to climate change and also violence against women who defend the importance of environment protection and critcise the uses of fossil fuels are issues that highlight the importance of access to clean energy in reducing violence against women. Given the neglect, denial and insufficient attention to the impact of energy on the escalation of violence against women by researchers and policymakers, this study is a descriptive-analytical research using international documents and established views of the international institutions intends to discuss the relationship between fossil energy uses and production and violence against women to suggest a way to a common future. Research findings show that women's access to the clean energy is very effective in reducing violence against them, while the issue of violence against women criticizing fossil fuel uses is a new challenge to international law and women's rights that needs to be addressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Investigating the Fundamental Principle of Deterrence in International Environmental Law
Mohamad Zaker Ardakani Alireza ArashpourInternational Environmental Law, which is a Branch of public International Law, is Primarily Based on Preventive and Precautionary Measures, and its Ultimate Goal is to protect the Global Environment from Pollution and Damage to Human Health. The Principle of Deterrence MoreInternational Environmental Law, which is a Branch of public International Law, is Primarily Based on Preventive and Precautionary Measures, and its Ultimate Goal is to protect the Global Environment from Pollution and Damage to Human Health. The Principle of Deterrence is a Fundamental and Universal Rule in Development-Oriented and Sustainable Policies Related to the Exploitation of Natural Resources and Ecological Aspects of Countries, Which on the one Hand Focuses on Pollution Prevention and Precautionary Measures in the Face of the Environment and Natural Resources. On the Other Hand, it includes Systematic Protection Measures and the Cooperation of Countries and Other Persons under International Law with Regard to Environmental Activities and the Exploitation of Natural Resources, Under National Sovereignty and Jurisdiction. Therefore, Violation of the Principle of Deterrence, Due to the Limited Environmental Resources and the Long Process of its Replacement, Leads to Improper Use of Natural Resources and Causes Numerous Damages to Environmental Components, Including Water, Air, Soil, Plants, Wildlife, etc. Which are Sometimes Irreparable and Ultimately Threaten Human Life and Health, Although Repairing the Damage and Compensation Requires Exorbitant Costs and Long Periods of Time, Sometimes Intergenerational Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Environmental and Social Impact of Industrial Development (Case Study: Tehran City)
Abbas Noroozzadeh Marzieh mogholi Ahmadali khorambakhtBackground and Objective: In order to achieve national services, the strategy of industrialization undoubtedly plays an important role in protecting the special and natural resources of its particular environment. It has been described to this extent and can be customiz MoreBackground and Objective: In order to achieve national services, the strategy of industrialization undoubtedly plays an important role in protecting the special and natural resources of its particular environment. It has been described to this extent and can be customized.Material and Methodology: The purpose of this research is applied based on purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of Tehran. Questionnaire, observation and interview were used for data collection. SPSS software and one-group T-test were used for data analysis.Findings: The results show that there is a significant relationship between the development of industry in Tehran and environmental pollution (increased electronic and non-electronic waste, air pollution, etc.) and informal housing, but with social inequality (social class conflict, opportunity inequality, gender equality) has no significant relationship.Discussion and Conclusion: As the industry evolves, environmental and social consequences also emerge over time. As soon as developing countries adopt western technology, social structures change and the region's environment is affected by this development. Consideration of environmental and social impacts is widely needed in developing countries because of the underdeveloped economy and lack of appropriate scientific and technological infrastructure; development plans in these countries have a significant negative impact on biodiversity and the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Preventing of Environmental Pollution in the Sustainable Supply Chain of the Cement Industry: A Factor Analysis and Fuzzy Decision Making
mohammad hossein darvish motevali farhad hossein zadeh lotfi naghi shoja AMIR GHOLAM ABRIBackground and objectives: Today, sustainable activities are essential for maintaining environmental sustainability, and have attracted a significant part of the environmental economy. The occurrence of environmental pollution in the industry and its dissemination throu MoreBackground and objectives: Today, sustainable activities are essential for maintaining environmental sustainability, and have attracted a significant part of the environmental economy. The occurrence of environmental pollution in the industry and its dissemination throughout the supply chain tend to overcome sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to identify environmental indicators that affect the sustainable supply chain in the cement industry and rank the chain of the industry in such a way as to prevent the occurrence of Prevention. Method: Method: For this purpose, factor analysis and fuzzy vikor decision making technique have been used. Finding: Effective indicators are identified and explained in four levels of sustainability, strategic, process and operational. Then, according to the determined indicators of environmental performance of the sustainable supply chain, 42 factories listed on Tehran stock exchange ranked. The results of the implementation of the model show that the stability level has the highest correlation with the current variable supply chain performance and this correlation is 44%. Operating surface weight was 40%, the strategic level was 23% and the process level was 12%. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that sustainability indices in the sustainable supply chain of the cement industry are more important in preventing the occurrence of environmental Prevention. And the sustainable supply chain of the Ilam factory has been ranked in the first rank and supply chain of Bagher Factory based on environmental indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Noise Pollution in Urban Areas and the Effect of Traffic Management Procedures on Urban Environment (Case Study: 6th Region of Tehran Municipal)
Aysan Imanpour namin Touraj Nasrabadi Hossein Mehravaran Sanaz ZabaniBackground and Objective: Noise pollution is one of the most important pollutants of the environment in urban areas and it is evident for everyone that one of the environmental problems is to reduce noise pollution to increase life quality and decrease its effect on cit MoreBackground and Objective: Noise pollution is one of the most important pollutants of the environment in urban areas and it is evident for everyone that one of the environmental problems is to reduce noise pollution to increase life quality and decrease its effect on citizens' health. The city traffic and vehicles are the major sources of noise pollution in large cities especially Tehran. Region 6 of Tehran is the most polluted area in terms of noise pollution. Therefore, a noise barrier in length of 511m and an area of 3066m which is situated in the western margin of Kurdistan highway and it is the only highway with the noise barrier in this region. This highway was chosen as our case study. Method: Feasibility studies and construction of noise barrier of the highway was implemented before changing the intersection of Kurdistan-Gomnam highway from coplanar to non-coplanar type. But the traffic and noise pollution situation changed following the changing of the intersection of the highway. In this study, we attempted to model noise pollution situation of region and the reducer role of noise barrier given the non-coplanar intersection in addition to overview of noise pollution situation of region by the traffic data of three streets leading to intersection and mean sound level at some points and examine improvement and or deterioration level of environment noise pollution. Findings: The modeled maps were compared in four groups after being prepared and the reason for the increase and decrease of the noise level in each situation was stated. Discussion and Conclusion: After comparing it was found that by eliminating the cross-level intersection with traffic lights in addition to lowering the noise level at 1.7 m height, the vehicle traffic was also smoother and by distributing acoustic levels at different altitudes, due to the presence of Slope levels of overpass and overpass decreased overall noise pollution concentration at lower altitudes, and positive performance of the audio wall decreased slightly, and environmental management strategies were introduced to control noise pollution further. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Achieving Environmental Sustainability in Modern Housing by Introducing Nature
nafiseh yari boroujeni mahdi saedvandi armin bahramianBackground and Objective: In modern houses connection to nature is faded out and their habitats are approaching towards degrading their surrounding environment. This research investigates the ways by which we connect to nature as one of the principles of environmentally MoreBackground and Objective: In modern houses connection to nature is faded out and their habitats are approaching towards degrading their surrounding environment. This research investigates the ways by which we connect to nature as one of the principles of environmentally sustainable development in housing and also seeks to answer the questions that what the characteristics of nature-compatible housing are in order to fulfill the objectives of environmental sustainability. Method: Data collection was conducted through library resources, the analysis of qualitative and descriptive study was conducted to analyze their content. In this regard the components, principles and key sentences bases of the three spheres of sustainability, nature and housing were extracted. After that components and points obtained were classified. Then, in order to achieve the aimed housing characteristics, the components correlation to each other and their implementation was analyzed by authors. Eventually a list of measures necessary to achieve these characteristics was finalized. Findings: the results indicate that it is necessary to considering measures to communicate directly with nature, restoring the natural environment and conserving natural resources, reducing energy consumption and increasing exposure to sunlight, reducing environmental pollution, harmonizing form-shape of the building with the environment and appropriate materials selection and their implementation in the home design process one. Discussion and Conclusion: It seems by considering the constant presence of nature in the organization of housing spaces, preservation of existing vegetation, respecting the natural shape of the site and so on is able to design housing which maintains and strengthens the relationship between people and nature. This in turn falls in line with the principles of environmental sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - The Role of Legal and Criminal Safeguards in Supporting Private Urban Green Space
shirin shirazian mohammad shahpariThe context and purpose of laws and regulations has always been one of the most important and effective tools of governments to preserve the fundamental values of society; Thus, since the 1972 Stockholm Conference, environmental values have been defined as one of th MoreThe context and purpose of laws and regulations has always been one of the most important and effective tools of governments to preserve the fundamental values of society; Thus, since the 1972 Stockholm Conference, environmental values have been defined as one of the fundamental values of human society. All countries are required to develop safeguards to protect the environment. One of the important components of the environment is vegetation, which is known in cities as urban green space. In Iran, several environmental laws have been developed at various levels, including legal, criminal, administrative and regulations. Therefore, laws and regulations are set and developed as tools of urban decision-making structure in order to protect and preserve these spaces in order to achieve the goals of urban sustainability and environmental justice.The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical which has been tried to collect laws, regulations related to the preservation and development of urban green space and also to identify challenges, gaps and shortcomings in the implementation and legal maintenance and development of urban green spaces and its privacy, take action. One of the most important laws in the field of urban green space is the bill on protection and expansion of green space in cities (approved in 1980) and the law amending the law on protection and expansion of green space in cities (approved in 2009). In order to preserve and develop urban green spaces, these laws have resorted to some legal and more criminal enforcement guarantees.The results of this study indicate that the laws and regulations related to green space in Iran are old and have many gaps and criticisms and in some cases it seems that it cannot meet the support needs as well as the development and maintenance of urban green space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Examining the Effect of Banks Facilities on Reducing CO2 Emissions Among Middle Eastern and North African Countries, the MENA Region
Vida Varahrami zahra abedi faezeh sadeghianBackground and Objective: Since economic activities, especially energy-intensive activities are one of the most important environmental pollutants in developing countries and the MENA region. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, this study seeks to exam MoreBackground and Objective: Since economic activities, especially energy-intensive activities are one of the most important environmental pollutants in developing countries and the MENA region. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, this study seeks to examine the effect of banks facility facilities on reducing CO2 emissions in Middle East and North Africa, known as the Mena region for the period 2016-2000. Method: This paper used Panel data. The results of the static panel model estimation that carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of environmental pollution as a dependent variable are considered, shows that the coefficients of all variables are significant at high levels in the long run, their symptoms are expected and in accordance with the theoretical foundations of the subject. Findings: The results of estimating the panel model show that the coefficients of all variables are significant at a high level in the long run, their symptoms are expected and in accordance with the theoretical foundations of the subject. Estimated relationships, positive effect of variables; Consumption of energy and emissions, trade with carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of environmental pollution, in other words, increase in energy consumption and emissions, trade with increasing emissions of carbon dioxide as an indicator Environmental pollution is associated. Results of a negative relationship between variables; Financial development shows payment facilities in the industrial sector and in the agricultural sector with emissions of carbon dioxide and carbon as an indicator of environmental pollution. Discussion and Conclusion: In particular, the increase in the development of financial markets, the payment facilities in the industrial sector and in the agricultural sector leads to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Environmental study of land degradation in Taleghan river basin scale with quantitative approach
Parisa Kharrazi Jamal Ghoddousi hasan Karimzadegan masoud Kheirkhah ZarkeshBackground and Objective: Land degradation or land degradation is an important global challenge and dilemma that ultimately leads to desertification and the expansion of deserts, especially in areas with arid, semi-arid and semi-humid climates. Poverty and lack of food MoreBackground and Objective: Land degradation or land degradation is an important global challenge and dilemma that ultimately leads to desertification and the expansion of deserts, especially in areas with arid, semi-arid and semi-humid climates. Poverty and lack of food security, combined with the occurrence of severe droughts and other adverse climatic conditions that put excessive pressure on fragile ecosystems and basic natural resources (water, soil and plants), in such areas and causes Deprivation of vital resources becomes. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and criteria of each of the parameters and factors, both natural and man-made, affecting land degradation so that we can plan to manage them in order to preserve and restore environmental resource resources.Material and Methodology: In this research, using periodic remote sensing data, GIS, field observations and measurements and statistical methods are used and a quantitative model is used to estimate the results.Findings: Based on the obtained results, land degradation in Taleghan Dam watershed scale is a function of six factors: land slope, surface geological characteristics (rock units), soil properties, soil erosion facies by water, land protection and land use Among the factors affecting land degradation, the index of protection on the ground with a weight of 0.20 had the greatest impact on land degradation.Discussion and Conclusion: The proposed model can be used nationally as an efficient model in determining the rate (intensity) and extent of land degraded sites accurately to combat and manage the phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Analysis of Legal Considerations and Challenges of Wastewater Reuse Management
Hossein Shakeri Mostafa Tizghadam Zahra ShakeriWastewater reuse is considered as one of the important tools in the field of water resources management and environmental protection, the need to use it with increasing population is becoming more prominent day by day. This can be examined from different aspects and in MoreWastewater reuse is considered as one of the important tools in the field of water resources management and environmental protection, the need to use it with increasing population is becoming more prominent day by day. This can be examined from different aspects and in addition to health and technical aspects, it also has various legal aspects that have direct and indirect effects on wastewater management and complicate the presentation of the pattern of use of these renewable resources. The main issue is that wastewater reuse, which may pose risks to public health and the environment, is based on legal principles? And if the reuse leads to hazard to people and the environment, how and on what basis is the relevant civil liability explained? Is this liability based on fault? Or should modern systems use pure or absolute responsibility in this regard? The current study tries to examine some of the most important jurisprudential and legal considerations arising from wastewater reuse with an analytical-descriptive method and based on the library process, and finally concludes that the reuse should be done with the principle of precaution and harmlessness. But if it leads to damages, the fault-based system cannot compensate for the damages due to the difficulties it has in the proof process. Therefore, the use of pure / absolute liability system and the promotion of specialized insurance in this regard are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Provide a Green Audit Quality Model based on the Recommendations of the UK Financial Reporting Council (FRC) Assessment of Environmental Change
Sanaz Hadji Khosro Faghani Makerani Naghi FazeliBackground and Objective: The Purpose of this research is Provide a Green Audit Quality Model based on the Recommendations of the UK Financial Reporting Council (FRC) Assessment of Environmental Change. Material and Methodology: The research method was mix method in te MoreBackground and Objective: The Purpose of this research is Provide a Green Audit Quality Model based on the Recommendations of the UK Financial Reporting Council (FRC) Assessment of Environmental Change. Material and Methodology: The research method was mix method in terms of data type and the target population was 11 accounting and financial management specialists at the university level and 14 audit partners in the quantitative department. In this study, in the qualitative part, Meta-synthesis and Delphi analysis were used, and in the quantitative part, a Total Interpretive Structural Model was used to determine the most effective themes of the green audit quality model. Findings: The results of the research in the qualitative part indicate the existence of two main components and 11 propositional themes related to the quality of green auditing, and in the quantitative part assessing the level of corporate environmental risks for stakeholders is the most influential issue of green audit quality based on the assessment of the UK Financial Reporting Council. Discussion and Conclusion: The results reflect the fact that recognizing this level of risk can help competing companies and even investors to examine the level of progress of the company in terms of environmental technologies and its future prospects at the market level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Environmental risk assessment of steel plant using ANP and TOPSIS methods (Case study: Hamadan Wian Steel Plant)
Fatemeh Zahmatkesh Maryam Kiani Sadr Mehrdad CheraghiBackground and Objective: One of the main indicators of the development of countries and societies is the production and consumption of steel. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the threatening risks of Wian Steel Plant in 2016. Material and Methodology: MoreBackground and Objective: One of the main indicators of the development of countries and societies is the production and consumption of steel. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the threatening risks of Wian Steel Plant in 2016. Material and Methodology: After identifying the risks, they were analyzed and ranked using the TOPSIS method. ANP method was used to determine the risk probability score. Finally, using TOPSIS method, the severity of the risk and the sources of risk contamination were calculated. Findings: Based on the results of risk calculations in different categories, it can be stated that among the environmental risks of Wian Steel Plant, 14 risks in the minor to medium category and 3 risks in the unbearable category. Are located. Based on pairwise comparisons made in the Super Decisions software environment, the best solution among all solutions is to install particle and gas control devices such as cyclones and bag dust collectors and the least risk solution is to repair the devices in a timely manner to reduce emissions. Pollutants were identified. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of TOPSIS method showed that the stages of sanitary wastewater production and check and inspection of piping devices, water and gas transmission line are both very high risk level that can be eliminated by preventive and control measures. Or take action to reduce them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Landslide Modeling with Strategy Management in Urban Planning (The Case Study: Tabriz City)
ziba Beheshti Alirezeza Gharaguzlu Seyed Masoud Monavari MirMasoud Kheirkhah ZarkeshBackground and Objective: Due to increasing constructions on clay and marl hells in part of Tabriz and because of the unfavorable quality and characteristics of the soil and its liquefaction during earthquake, the area is also exposed to the risk of landside. This paper MoreBackground and Objective: Due to increasing constructions on clay and marl hells in part of Tabriz and because of the unfavorable quality and characteristics of the soil and its liquefaction during earthquake, the area is also exposed to the risk of landside. This paper attempts to demonstrate the risk of landslide in Tabriz using visual and statistical evidence. Material and Methodogy: landside susceptibility assessment was performed by means of Evidential Belief Function Model. Then The environmental impacts assessment of landslide were performed using promethean II model in three environmental, economic, and social phases, and at end, the landslide strategy plan was developed to help decision makers, the statistics used in this research are related to year 2016. Findings: 82/9% of Tabriz areas are at risk of landslides. High construction densities were identified with residential areas below 75 m2. Access to the city’s road network is less than 30%. 142 hectares in health centers, 853hec in facilities and equipment, 430hecin urban green space deficiency was identified. More than 70% of vital centers require strengthening. Discussion and conclusion: required zones in medical department, security, urban green space, vital centers require strengthening, facilities and equipment presented. The average landslide velocity from 1956 to 2020 is 41/65 meter. High slope and location difference, the texture of the earth and its non-dense layers, northern slope snow catcher, fine texture, the gradual erosion of sediments is effective in creating landslides over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Assessment of oil pollution and prioritization environmental protection strategy in the Caspian Sea based on the SWOT model
Omid Naderi Parviz Mohammadi nasrin choobkar Hossein Norouzi Seyed Ahmad HosseiniBackground and Objective: Harmful oil compounds have various dangers on marine organisms and human. Now with this threat of oil pollution in the country's water resources, especially the Caspian Sea, what strengths and weaknesses can there be to counteract this threat? MoreBackground and Objective: Harmful oil compounds have various dangers on marine organisms and human. Now with this threat of oil pollution in the country's water resources, especially the Caspian Sea, what strengths and weaknesses can there be to counteract this threat? The purpose of this study is to get acquainted with oil pollution and its derivatives and to explain the prioritization of the Caspian Sea environmental protection strategy of threats caused by oil pollution. Material and Methodology: SWOT analysis (Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) is an important tool for strategic study, situation analysis and providing appropriate solutions to obtain an answer to this question. Therefore, the main strategy of this study is to use the SWOT model as a tool to assess oil pollution in the Caspian Sea. Findings: According to the results of this study, with strategic prioritization in the total share of Caspian oil pollution, there are two threats (Russia and Azerbaijan) and three opportunities (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Iran) that the most important weakness and threat in river resources and the most important Capability and opportunity have been identified in urban resources. Discussion and Conclusion: What has been underreported in these studies is the use of cross-border diagnostic analyzes because these analyzes, as official reports approved by international environmental organizations, can be the basis for periodic evaluations and based on them to determine strategic priorities in pollution control management of the Caspian Basin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Role of Customer Relationship Governance in Relationship between Green Supply Chain Management and Environmental and Economic Performance of Enterprises (Case Study: Shiraz Industrial Town Companies)
mohamad Mahmoodi mimand Reza norouzi Ajirloo Iman aziziBackground and Objective:Communication and collaboration with customers to achieve performance improvement through Green Supply Chain Management practices are essential. This research was conducted to investigate the role of customer relationship goverance in the relati MoreBackground and Objective:Communication and collaboration with customers to achieve performance improvement through Green Supply Chain Management practices are essential. This research was conducted to investigate the role of customer relationship goverance in the relationship between green supply chain management and environmental and economic performance of the company in Shiraz industrial towns.Material and Methodology: Methodologically, this research is a correlation research. To measure the variables of the research, Zhou et al.'s questionnaire was used. The statistical population of this research is all managers and experts of Shiraz industrial city. The questionnaire was distributed randomly among managers and experts of Shiraz industrial towns and 205 questionnaires were selected for statistical analysis. In order to investigate the research hypotheses using Smart-PLS software, structural equation analysis and path analysis using partial least squares (PLS) were used.According to the results of the path coefficient and t statistics, Customer relational governance correlates the relationship between green supply chain management and the company's environmental and economic performance. Also, considering the path coefficient, it can be said that the effect of green supply chain management on the environmental and economic performance of the company is positive and significant due to the mediating role of customer relationship management, since the path coefficient is positive.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research show that Customer relational governance moderates and mediates the relationship between green supply chain management and environmental and economic performance of the company. Therefore, the efforts of companies to utilize green supply chain management to improve their environmental and economic performance are crucial for intelligent and informed choices for the proper development of customer relationship management mechanisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Explanation the legal status and managerial governing the production and consumption of pesticides and chemical fertilizers
Mohammad Mobinifar Naser Ghasemi Reza ArjmandiToday, the use of pesticides somehow indicates just some of deterioration of agricultural standards. Due to the effects of the pesticide contaminants in animal and human life, our country's commitment to the implementation of related rules and regulations, Improve the q MoreToday, the use of pesticides somehow indicates just some of deterioration of agricultural standards. Due to the effects of the pesticide contaminants in animal and human life, our country's commitment to the implementation of related rules and regulations, Improve the quality and utilization of pesticides is much more accurate. In this Regard, the role of organizations such as the judiciary, the Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Health, Agricultural Jihad, Plant Protection Organization, it is clear in the formulation and implementation of rules and regulations related to pesticides. In this Study, Explanation the legal status and managerial governing the production and consumption of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, is considered legal aspects, environmental and executive management. Ahead cross-sectional study based on the principles and methods, and this research has been done on the basis of library studies and official statistics. According to the study about the legal status and managerial governing the production and consumption of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, legal, environmental, managerial and administrative aspects are mentioned.In the Light of what has been reached by this study, Exploration of Rules and regulations related to pesticides in Iran, as well as Effective approaches and strategies in the light of the existing procedures to control pests and pesticides has been Studied. Results, Shows the limitation rules in the excretion of toxins pests in Iran and it does seems that, these rules must be complemented through effective framework that can better model to be implemented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - The Environmental Duties of States in Space Tourism
soheyla koosha Mojtaba Ansarian Maryam DehghaniNowadays we are confronting with development of different kinds of space activities, the increase of space debris and pollution of the environment of outer space and the Earth due to space tourism. The other thing is that with the increase of the human intentions to spa MoreNowadays we are confronting with development of different kinds of space activities, the increase of space debris and pollution of the environment of outer space and the Earth due to space tourism. The other thing is that with the increase of the human intentions to space tourism, we can confront with more pollution of outer space. Therefore, studying the environmental duties and responsibilities of states who are the executer of space tourism is inevitable. Not with standing that outer space treaty and liability convention establishing comprehensive and acceptable rules for identification of states international duties, but there are some ambiguous points about protecting the environment of space. As these documents did not develop or revised with the development of this technology during these years specially the environmental pollution of space activities and space tourism. This article by using the descriptive- analytical method of research is about to answer this question that what is the environmental duties of states for safeguarding of space tourism? The aim of this article is giving some legal solution for prevention of the Earth and outer space pollution by quoting responsibilities of states with respect to space tourism and preventing from committing the environmental crimes thereof. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Obstacles and Challenges of Implementing New Procedures of International Environmental Law in Iranian Law
Fatemeh Sadat Ojaghzadeh Mohammadi Ali mashhadi Alireza ArashpoorThere are many international treaties and modern procedures in environmental protection which are subject tothe modern legal principles and rules that can contribute greatly to the expansion of International Environmental Laws. The procedure of most modern treaties has MoreThere are many international treaties and modern procedures in environmental protection which are subject tothe modern legal principles and rules that can contribute greatly to the expansion of International Environmental Laws. The procedure of most modern treaties has been based on compensation for environmental damages in a way that even the treaties and conventions that did not mention compensation for damages in the past were amended in the following editions and sessions. Iran, likemany other countries, is a member of Protocols, Conventions, and Environmental Treaties such as Climate Change Convention, Ramsar Convention, Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Basel Convention, Cartagena Protocol, Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution, but it (Iran) has not been very successful in Environmental Laws and implementation of Legal Practices in Environmental Protection in such a way that there is not much obligation regarding Environmental Protection and in cases where the government itself is the damaging party (side) to the environment, Real Entities or Private Non-Governmental Organization are in no position to defend or make Environmental Complaints against the Government. Also, Iran’s Legal Policy for the Environmental Compensation of environmental damagesis based on the Theory of Fault and practically there are a lot of problems for the injured party to prove the fault. Therefore, the primary reason for the difficultiesof implementing the Modern Practices of International Environmental Law in Iranian Law is due to the infirmity andapproval of Environmental Laws as well as the lack of obligation of the Government and Institutions to implement the international convention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Investigation of Environmental Kuznets Curve for N2O Gas Emissions in Iran by ARDL Model
Mehdi Sadeghi Shahdani Aliakbar Mohammadi Samchouli Mohammad Javad Rastegari KoupaeiBackground and Objective: Climate change, such as the increase in hazardous N2O greenhouse gas, is always associated with various economic and developmental consequences. The environmental Kuznets curve indicates that the increase in greenhouse gases emissions until a c MoreBackground and Objective: Climate change, such as the increase in hazardous N2O greenhouse gas, is always associated with various economic and developmental consequences. The environmental Kuznets curve indicates that the increase in greenhouse gases emissions until a country's development is directly related to that country's level of production and inversely related after development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental Kuznets curve for N2O greenhouse gas emissions in Iran. Material and Methodology: The method of answering this problem is quantitative and through econometric analysis of time series data in the period 1960 to 2017 and the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) has been used to study and analyze variables. Findings: The results of the dynamic model show us that the area under cultivation has a negative effect and gross domestic product (GDP) and exports have a positive effect on N2O emissions. GDP2 also has a sign opposite to its root, and the inverse quadratic relation is established. As a result, the assumption of the Kuznets curve in Iran isn’t rejected. Discussion and Conclusion: The maximum point of the chart for Iran in terms of GDP per capita will be around $7,500. Therefore, if we go beyond this amount, N2O emissions will decrease. At present, the country's GDP per capita is about $6,900 and we are on the upward trajectory of the Kuznets Curve. As a result, reducing N2O emissions will have a negative impact on Iran's growth. Thus, it isn’t possible to implement some policies to reduce these greenhouse gas emissions without major consequences in various sectors of the economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - An approach to environmental management based on the EFQM organizational excellence model in the copper industry (Case Study: Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex)
Mahnaz Amrollahi Jalal Abadi Mohsen Dehghani Ghanatghestani Vali Ali Pour Parvaneh Peykan PourBackground and Objective: Industrial activities in modern era cause several critical environmental issues, such as biodiversity loss, global warming, and ozone layer depletion. Sustainable industrial development requires protection of the environment. In several importa MoreBackground and Objective: Industrial activities in modern era cause several critical environmental issues, such as biodiversity loss, global warming, and ozone layer depletion. Sustainable industrial development requires protection of the environment. In several important decades of political history, environmental protection has become an important factor in the decision-making process Industries and companies can reduce these harmful impacts by implementing an environmental management system (EMS). Through this system, environmental goals can be aligned with companies’ policy. The present study aimed to establish a model for an environmental management system using the EFQM organizational excellence model in the Iranian copper industry.Material and Methodology: this was a descriptive study and survey using a checklist for data collection. The statistical population consisted of managers, experts and professionals from the Safety, Health and Environment Department of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex. SPSS and LISREL software were used to analyze the research data.Findings: The results showed a significant and direct relationship between all EMS and EFQM variables. In addition, the correlation coefficients revealed that the implementation of environmental management models had a significant impact on the performance of the copper industry. Furthermore, the strategies and policies variable (10.42) had the strongest relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.81.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the our results, the conceptual model for implementing environmental management systems in Iranian copper industry was effective and acceptable. Moreover, the model investigated and validated the effects of each of the EMS variables on the EFQM variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Thermodynamic and Environmental Simulation and Analysis of Tehran Petroleum Refinery Power and Steam Plant
Mohammad Hasan Khoshgoftar Manesh Mohammad TolamiBackground and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulat MoreBackground and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulation and thermodynamic and environmental analysis of Tehran refinery power and steam plant have been studied. Method: In this regards, two scenarios for performance improvement of steam and power system have been proposed for Tehran refinery. Thermodynamic simulation of each main component has been performed in Matlab Environment. To verification of simulation results, Thermoflex and Star software have been employed. Also, Sima Pro software has been used for estimation of environmental impacts based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Findings: Results show the accuracy of the thermodynamic simulation is very high. The power of steam turbines has been increased by 8.87 % in the second and third scenarios. Also, the environmental impacts have been reduced 16 % in second and 60% in third scenarios. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the proposed scenarios and optimization of Tehran Refinery steam network, the efficiency of the network increases energy consumption and production of pollutants is significantly reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Evaluation and Fitting of General Environmental Policy Making Model in Iran
Seyed Hossein Hosseini Karam Allah Daneshfard Gholamreza Memarzadeh Tehran Hooman BahmanpourBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of environmental issues in public policies of the country and considering the numerous problems in the field of environment, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and fit the proposed model for formulation of publ MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of environmental issues in public policies of the country and considering the numerous problems in the field of environment, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and fit the proposed model for formulation of public environmental policies in the country. Method: This research is a descriptive and analytical study which was carried out to determine the validity and reliability of the model by designing the basic conceptual model and determining three basic dimensions (structural, content and context) and thirty sub-components. The initial model of the research was investigated and tested using SEM using Smart PLS 2 software. The model was then fitted at three levels: the fitting of the measurement model, the fitting of the structural model, and the general fitting of the model (GOF). Findings: The t-values for all questions were greater than 1.96 and the significance of the relationships was determined. On the other hand, convergent validity (AVE) model and divergent validity were confirmed with (0.91 and 0.8368, respectively). Also, a value of R2 (0.91) indicates the validation of the model using the above criterion and demonstrates the high power of predicting endogenous variables. Discussion and Conclusion: "Structural dimension" (path coefficient= 0.5227) has the highest effect on the public environmental policy network of the country and then "Contextual/Environmental dimension" (with path coefficient= 0.4597) and then "dimension" Content/Behavior (path coefficient= 0.0397) is in third place. Also, the GOF criterion was found to be equal to 0.55235, indicating a strong fit to the overall model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Environmental Impact of Climate Change on National Security
Mohammad Jalali Maryam Afshari zeinab mazinanianAlthough the effects of climate change are threatening to the living conditions of a large part of the world, different groups of activists have failed to improve the climate regime. It is natural that those countries which are more vulnerable to climate change should f MoreAlthough the effects of climate change are threatening to the living conditions of a large part of the world, different groups of activists have failed to improve the climate regime. It is natural that those countries which are more vulnerable to climate change should find some ways to improve the climate by using both legal methods and other less formal methods such as identifying climate change as a security and environmental problem. Climate change and global warming are regarded as two factors, which play a significant role in threatening human security since food shortages, water scarcity, environmental degradation, poverty, disease outbreaks, and mass migration can separately lead to national security, which will undermine and contribute to the failed government scenario. In the domestic and global arena, the security of the modern government becomes meaningful with respect to superior power, and the society is considered insecure even if it faces with a lack of threats. In the modern national security discourse, we see an increase in security software, in addition to its hardware. In the wake of the development of the concept of security, especially the development of a range of national security threats, critics have suggested that civilian threats such as economic and environmental threats can, in turn, be as serious as military threats. Therefore, these threats should be considered as security threats. This article tries to provide an analysis of the impact of environmental dimensions of climate change on national security from the perspective of international environmental law, using an interdisciplinary approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - The Investigation of Effect of Soil Moisture and Temperature on Crude Oil Bioremediation by Pseudomonas Putida
Akbar Ghavidel Sumayyah Naji rad Hossein Ali AlikhaniBackground and Objective: Bioremediation is an approach that exploits the ability of microorganisms to increase the rate and extent of degradation of pollutants and thereby removing pollutants from the environment. The moisture content and temperature are of the main en MoreBackground and Objective: Bioremediation is an approach that exploits the ability of microorganisms to increase the rate and extent of degradation of pollutants and thereby removing pollutants from the environment. The moisture content and temperature are of the main environmental factors affecting growth and activity of microorganisms and accordingly affecting the efficiency of organic pollutant biodegradation.Method: To study the effect of these two factors a factorial experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications. The factors were moisture in three levels (30%, 55% and 80% of Field Capacity), temperature in three levels (25, 30 and 35 degrees of Celsius) and inoculation with bacteria in two levels (with and without inoculation by Pseudomonas putida) which were triplicated.Findings: The results showed that highest biodegradation rate was observed in the treatment with the moisture content of 55% F.C, temperature of 30 degrees of Celsius and inoculation with Pseudomonas putida which was 92.8% and the lowest biodegradation rate was observed in the treatment with the moisture of 30% F.C, temperature of 30 degrees of Celsius and without inoculation which was 42.3%.Discussion and Conclusion: These results shows that the optimization of the environmental conditions in bioremediation process may lead to 50.5% increase in the efficiency of removal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Analyzing the Legal System of Environmental Pollution in the Light of the Baseline Analysis of the Principles and Concepts of Air and Space Law
Mahtab Ajdari Moghaddam Davuod Hermidas Bavand Daryoush KarimiInternational environmental law examines and systematizes the manifestation of space, recognizing its status and formulating the evolving legal system, human and state contributions to the atmosphere, the fate of the earth and the sky, and the damage to the layers of th MoreInternational environmental law examines and systematizes the manifestation of space, recognizing its status and formulating the evolving legal system, human and state contributions to the atmosphere, the fate of the earth and the sky, and the damage to the layers of the sky. This study is a descriptive and theoretical study of the status analysis of the legal system of environmental and air pollution, the principles governing outer space activities in exploration, exploration and exploitation, as well as nuclear and nuclear weapons activities. And military and mass destruction in the face of the peaceful use of space and the prevention of harmful activities and the abandonment of space debris and the approaches and actions of advanced and developed governments and developing states and the study of the factors of convergence and divergence and justice between Generation and Trans generational in Responsibility and Responsibility for Trans boundary Injuries and Responsibilities State International on Damages, In particular the Common But Different Responsibilities of Governments, the Common Interest of Humanity and the Common Inheritance and the Concern of Humanity. Investigations indicate that, with a set of structural and environmental measures regarding astronauts, spacecraft and rockets and spacecraft, referring to their components and objects and objects thrown into space, as well as recording these in exploration and exploitation, Satellite recording and communications and remote sensing, in keeping with the principle of freedom over territory and space at various levels, are examining the challenges ahead of the assumption that the current legal system has been able to fill all the gaps in pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Investigation of Management Strategies for Urmia Lake Based on Economic Valuation
aida shariatmadari Majid Abbaspour Zahra Abedi Alireza VafaeinejadBackgrounds and Objectives: The recent water scarcity and decrease of precipitation have led to considerable changes in the ecosystem of Urmia Lake. The main objective of this study is to investigate the management strategies regarding Urmia Lake based on economic valua MoreBackgrounds and Objectives: The recent water scarcity and decrease of precipitation have led to considerable changes in the ecosystem of Urmia Lake. The main objective of this study is to investigate the management strategies regarding Urmia Lake based on economic valuation. Methodology & Material: In this study (2016), the existing library and Internet documents as well as field studies were used. The statistical population in this study included the stakeholders, locals and tourists in Urmia. Sampling was done randomly and the sample size was determined after pre-tests using Cochran’s test. The method and data analysis tool in this study was contingent method, and Excel software and E-views were used to determine the economic values of Urmia Lake. GIS software was also used to express the changes occurred in the lake. Findings: Considering changes of water level in Urmia Lake in recent years, the inadvertent extraction of water from the wells and cultivation of crops that consume water content at high level in farming lands are assumed as important factors for drying Urmia Lake. Discussion and Conclusion: The willingness to pay for protecting different values of Urmia Lake was estimated as totally 52.496 USD per person, monthly. The proper management of resources, the right of water for each river in the Urmia Lake basin, cessation of constructing new dams on other rivers entering the lake, changing the pattern of cultivation, and increasing water productivity are among the measures that must be taken to balance the fluctuation of water level in this lake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Evaluating the Effect of Cost of Environmental Pollution on Efficiency (Case study: China's economic zones)
fatemeh Mehregan Soheyla SeyedboyerBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts on the value of efficiency. Industries and companies making environmental pollution, bring costs to the community, which in the most cases are not taken into account for measuri MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts on the value of efficiency. Industries and companies making environmental pollution, bring costs to the community, which in the most cases are not taken into account for measuring efficiency. This study has attempted to find a proper model for evaluating efficiency using the two-stage data envelopment analysis, considering the costs of environmental pollution. Cost loss resulted from applying environmental constraints on undesirable outputs, are also discussed and calculated. Method: An analytical-descriptive method is utilized in this study. Two-stage data envelopment analysis has been used here to measure efficiency. At first, environmental constraints have been made up with respect to the problem and then added to the model. The proposed mathematical models are solved using the GAMS software and the values of efficiency are obtained. Findings: Results show that the model with environmental regulations has a lower efficiency value compared to the model without environmental regulation, indicating that applying environmental regulations on undesirable outputs, leads to losing some of desirable outputs and consequently some cost. The study involves 20 economic zones of China whose efficiency and cost loss are calculated. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that in Guizhou and Guangdong regions, the efficiency is the same in both cases, indicating that these areas are on the edge of efficiency. The cost loss in these areas is zero. However, in areas such as Shaanxi and Liaoning, the difference is greater, indicating that for a long period of time, the economic development of these areas has been dependent on constant consumption of resources, which has caused reduced environmental quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - A Comparative Study between the Environmental Pollutions Of Straw Bale Systems and Bricks
Mahshid Ansari Meghedy Khodabakhshian mohammad hadi abolhasaniBackground & Objective: The brick indusrty shares a significant amount to the global environmental pollution. In the production stages of this indusrty, pollutants such as particulates, CO2, NOX, CO and SOX get released into the atmosphere. Considering the increase MoreBackground & Objective: The brick indusrty shares a significant amount to the global environmental pollution. In the production stages of this indusrty, pollutants such as particulates, CO2, NOX, CO and SOX get released into the atmosphere. Considering the increase of pollution and also the production rate of bricks in the country, replacing bricks with another type of material can lead to reduction of these pollutants.Material and Methodology: In order to achieve the goals of the study, review study method was used and library resources, databases, scientific and research journals, related books and available data (Statistical yearbooks of Ministry of Agriculture, Energy balance sheet of Ministry of Energy and statistics of State Management and Planning Organization over the past few years) were employed.Findings: Findings reveal that straw could be an appropriate replacement for bricks from the environmental and economic points of view; although it's widely available and has useful features; concerns such as moisture, insects and combustion have made the application of straw bales in building industry very insignificant. Straw bale systems consist of compressed panels that can replace bricks in building industry without any environmental pollution and with high economic efficiency.Discussion and Conclusions: Brick is the most used building material in the world. Considering its large effect on pollution, findings show that straw bale systems, which are completely renewable, can reduce this pollution significantly; such that straw bale buildings can be seen all over the world in places such as USA, Europe, Canada, Australia, Japan and China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Geographic Distribution and Habitat Suitability Modeling of Great Gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) by Maximum Entropy Model in Golestan Province
Mohsen Ahmadpour Hossein Varasteh Moradi Hamid Reza Rezaei Mohamad Ali Oshaghi Abasalt Hosseinzadeh ColagarBackground and Objective: Today, the geographical distribution of a species based on maximum entropy using spatial data from geographical information system, remote sensing data and statistical techniques have a great contribution on conservation management of species. MoreBackground and Objective: Today, the geographical distribution of a species based on maximum entropy using spatial data from geographical information system, remote sensing data and statistical techniques have a great contribution on conservation management of species. The aim of this study is evaluate the effects of environmental variable on distribution and habitat suitability of great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) and predicting its habitat in Golestan province, Iran. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, 272 presence-only data and 13 environment variables as independent variables were selected for this species. Then, geographic distribution and habitat suitability modeling were performed by maximum entropy approach in MaxEnt software, using to these presence data and variables. Findings: Our results showed that, some of the habitat variables including: altitude, NDVI, soil type and climate had the greatest plays for habitat suitability and geographical distribution of R. opimus in this area. While that, aspect had less effects than other variables. Discussion and conclusion: Based on our findings, habitats of R. opimus was continues and about 10.1% of Golestan province pereidicted as a suitable habitat for the great gerbil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Feasibility of Establishing the Ministry of Environment in the Iranian Legal System
Ali Mashadi fatemeh zaboli zavarehThe Department of Environment is the main custodian of environmental protection and the implementation of Principle 50 of the Constitution. The accuracy of the organization's performance shows the failure of the full and effective implementation of the assigned tasks, w MoreThe Department of Environment is the main custodian of environmental protection and the implementation of Principle 50 of the Constitution. The accuracy of the organization's performance shows the failure of the full and effective implementation of the assigned tasks, which has provided the ground for raising the issue of forming the Ministry of Environment. Proponents of this plan express Reasons like Creating integration and managerial cohesion, structural weaknesses and shortcomings of the legal system and lawful parliamentary oversight and opponents point to the confusion of sovereignty and entrepreneurship, the weakening of the main task of the institutions subject to merging and their different positions, and the difficulty of managing a multi-sectoral institution difficulty of managing a multi-sectoral institution. The present study, with its descriptive-analytical method, seeks to examine the possibility of forming the Ministry of Environment in the Iranian legal system. Studies have shown that fundamental legal problems such as the lack of a comprehensive sustainable development plan and environmental protection developed based on the general policies of the environmental system, as well as the existence of parallel, scattered and old rules and regulations lack comprehensive and systematic approaches to environmental management, affects the management of the department or ministry, and they must be addressed first. However, given the ministry's organizational, social, and legal status in the country's political system, the Ministry of Environment's structure seems to be more successful in creating and implementing these fundamental changes and solving existing problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Identify the dimensions of marketing strategies in ecotourism in order to achieve sustainable economic, social and environmental development; Phenomenological research
hosein rahimi kelver iman ghasemi hamedaniBackground and Objective: Today, the tourism industry is a dynamic industry with unique characteristics that is an important part of the economic and non-economic activities of developed and developing countries. One of the important factors in the growth and developmen MoreBackground and Objective: Today, the tourism industry is a dynamic industry with unique characteristics that is an important part of the economic and non-economic activities of developed and developing countries. One of the important factors in the growth and development of the tourism industry is the optimal planning of related matters. One of the achievements of this industry, regardless of participation in development, is economic growth as well as job creation, especially in developing countries. The current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying the dimensions of marketing strategies in eco-tourism in order to achieve sustainable economic, social and environmental development. Material and Methodology: This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the phenomenology strategy in 1400. Based on purposeful sampling and reaching theoretical saturation, 20 people were invited from the tourism managers of Mazandaran province. Data were collected with the help of semi-structured and in-depth interviews and analyzed by content analysis method and using MAXQDA statistical analysis software.In order to obtain data validity, the study was used by the participants and for reliability, the internal agreement of the two coders and the review of non-participating experts in the research were used. Findings: The findings of the research showed that a strategy in ecotourism including cost reduction in economic development, development of human resource management, social development and environmental development was investigated. Discussion & Conclusion: From the analysis of semi-structured and in-depth interviews, 4 main categories of cost leadership strategy for economic development, differentiation strategy for human resource management development, focus strategy for social development and focus strategy for environmental development and 73 sub-categories were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Determine the willingness to pay for improved air quality in Tehran
ehsan asgharzad Kambiz Hojabr kiani Ali Emami Meybodi Farid AsgariB Background and Objective: Due to the need for citizens to be aware of the value of clean air and the impact of pollution on their assets, as well as the possibility of better analysis of projects and compare them with each other and selecting the best and least expen MoreB Background and Objective: Due to the need for citizens to be aware of the value of clean air and the impact of pollution on their assets, as well as the possibility of better analysis of projects and compare them with each other and selecting the best and least expensive project for policy makers and economic planners, this study The value of clean air and the willingness to pay to improve air quality has been estimated by citizens in the metropolis of Tehran. Method: In contrast to the conventional economic method in which the value of a commodity is calculated for all commodity availability, hedonic is a method by which the value of enjoyment is determined by the characteristics of a commodity. The hedonic pricing method is the observed price of a commodity regression On its qualitative attributes, therefore, it can be said that hedonic method considers the demand of a product or input as a function of its characteristics. In this research, we used the data of the transactions carried out in the housing market of Tehran during the period of 1395 and based on the three structural, neighborhood and environmental characteristics we have estimated the price of the Tehran's hedonic price function. Accordingly, 7141 samples of real transactions were collected by simple random sampling from 22 areas of Tehran. Findings: The results show that 81 percent of logarithmic changes in housing prices are explained by selected variables in a two-way logarithmic model. Most of the variables used are meaningful and have an expected sign. Also, using the implicit derivative, the coefficient of air quality index is estimated from the function of the hedonic price. Discussion and Conclusion: The final desire to pay for a unit of air quality index (improvement of air quality index) for each household in Tehran is equal to the figure of about 3 million rials. According to the average purchase area of 72 square meters in Tehran, the final desire to pay per square meter is 42 thousand Rials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Estimation of willingness to pay environmental tax on gasoline by conditional valuation model (CVM) in Mashhad
zahra arbabi vahid dehbashi hadi esmaeilpour moghadam Javad naserianBackground and Objective: Increasing awareness and concerns about environmental damages has led communities to take solutions to this problem. Taxation of pollutant emissions is one of the strategies recommended by economists to achieve some of the environmental objecti MoreBackground and Objective: Increasing awareness and concerns about environmental damages has led communities to take solutions to this problem. Taxation of pollutant emissions is one of the strategies recommended by economists to achieve some of the environmental objectives and eliminate contamination. The purpose of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay an environmental tax on gasoline. Method: In this study, a conditional valuation method (CVM) is used to measure individuals' willingness to pay for goods and services. The statistical population of this research is gasoline-fueled cars in Mashhad in 2017, due to the lack of information on the number of vehicles, the number of unlimited society has been considered. In this study, 500 people were selected by simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. It’s validity was confirmed using content validity. Findings: The results indicate that 77 percent of all respondents tend to pay environmental taxes on urban air, while 22 percent of the population are not willing to pay any amount under the name of the pollution tax. Approximately 3% have not been self-reported regarding their willingness to pay. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the research findings, environmental beliefs has a positive and significant effect on the willingness to pay tax on gasoline; therefore, it is suggested that cultural and informational platforms be developed before clarifying the need for environmental taxes before planning for such a tax. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Optimizing the Environmental Impacts of the Construction Industry with Multi-Mode Activities: The Iranian Leopold Matrix Method
Sayyid ali Banihashemi Mohammad Khalilzadeh Alireza Shahraki Mohsen Rostami M. Seyed Saeedreza AhmadizadeBackground and Objective: The construction industry and the implementation of civil engineering projects are considered as one of the causes of environmental pollution. Considering the destructive effects and the contaminants created by the implementation of the develop MoreBackground and Objective: The construction industry and the implementation of civil engineering projects are considered as one of the causes of environmental pollution. Considering the destructive effects and the contaminants created by the implementation of the development plans, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental impacts and identify them in order to reduce the impacts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts of the rural water supply project in Birjand city using the Leopold Matrix Method of Iran.Method: In this study, the environmental impacts of rural water supply project implementation in Birjand city during the year 2019 and in two physical-chemical and biological environments and in the construction phase were evaluated using Iranian matrix method. To this end, various implementation modes have been formulated to evaluate the environmental impacts of the project activities and a Leopold Matrix has been developed for each of them.Findings: The results showed that the average environmental impacts during construction in the 7 execution modes were -1.58, -1.95, -2.15, -2.5, -2, -2.21 and -2.22. Also, the number of environmental impacts on surface and groundwater pollution are highest and protected areas are least.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the analysis performed in none of the seven matrices and columns examined for the executable states, the average rankings were not found to be less than -3.1. So the project execution the supply is approved. To minimize the impacts, the lowest environmental impacts of each activity were selected, which would mean the average environmental impact of the whole project -1.52. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Investigating the impact of green supply chain management on export performance through the mediating role of environmental performance
Sedigheh Tootian shahrzad tayaran Mohammadjavad Alvandi Alireza Ghorbani TaariBackground and Objective: The present study investigates the impact of green supply chain management on export performance through the mediating role of environmental performance. Material and Methodology: Sampling method the present study is simple random sampling.&nb MoreBackground and Objective: The present study investigates the impact of green supply chain management on export performance through the mediating role of environmental performance. Material and Methodology: Sampling method the present study is simple random sampling. The research data was collected by library and field methods and the instrument used was a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.899 and its validity was confirmed by content and structure methods and was analyzed using statistical, descriptive and inferential tests. Findings: The results of this study indicate that green supply chain management has a positive effect on export performance. The results also showed that environmental performance has a significant effect on export performance. Discussion and Conclusion: The results obtained for this study, according to the results of testing the research hypotheses, indicate the basic points that managers can use environmental performance to provide the basis for achieving the desired export performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Identifying the most Significant Environmental Components in Designing Ecological Housing from the Experts’ Viewpoint (Case study: Mino Island)
morteza zameni sina razaghi asl elham pour mahabadianBackground and Objective: Presently, the upsurge in population and construction under the pretext of development, particularly in ecological areas, has caused the natural environment to be devastated to achieve residential lands by cutting down trees. Housing usually bu MoreBackground and Objective: Presently, the upsurge in population and construction under the pretext of development, particularly in ecological areas, has caused the natural environment to be devastated to achieve residential lands by cutting down trees. Housing usually built in these areas is not harmonious with the climate of these areas, and by wasting energy resources and environmental pollution, the health of the surrounding environment is threatened. This study tries to identify the most important environmental components in the design of ecological housing from the perspective of experts in Mino Island.Material and Methodology: In this study, data were collected by library and field study and based on the judgment of experts based on the snowball method, and using the AHP questionnaire and hierarchical analysis, the research data were reviewed.Findings: Based on the results of this study, the chief criteria of ecological housing design in Mino Island from the experts’ viewpoint can be classified into three main groups: environmental adaptation, climate adaptation, and green architecture. The components of “naturalistic design and optimal supply of green space per capita,” “benefit of sufficient light,” and “benefit of optimal ventilation” are the most important among all componentsDiscussion and Conclusion: By prioritizing the environmental components in the design of ecological housing in Mino Island, the attention of government decision makers and the local community is drawn to the construction of housing that is environmentally friendly while paying attention to climate and reducing fossil energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Economic and Environmental Effects of Iran-Eurasian Economic Union Trade Agreement: GDyn-E Approach
yaser balaghi enalou Mehdi Nejati Mojtaba Bahmani Sayyed Abdolmajid Jalaee EsfandabadiBackground & Objective: The economic and environmental consequences of trade release and free trade agreements have always been discussed. In this regard, in this study, the economic and environmental impacts of decreasing the import tariffs of Iran and the Eurasia MoreBackground & Objective: The economic and environmental consequences of trade release and free trade agreements have always been discussed. In this regard, in this study, the economic and environmental impacts of decreasing the import tariffs of Iran and the Eurasia Economic Union have been analyzed in a 25-year long run horizon.Material and Methodology: In this study, empirical analysis and quantification of the results is in terms of the model of dynamic energy-driven global trade analysis (GDyn-E), noted model is a computable general equilibrium model (CGE), global and multi-regional. Regarding the international nature of the analysis of this study, a global pattern and database was required to achieve the purposes of this study; therefore, GDyn-E model and version 10 of its database (published in 2020) were chosen for analysis, this database covers the entire world. In this study, the economic and environmental impacts of Iran-Eurasia free trade agreements were analyzed by RunDynam software in two scenarios (50% decrease and 100% decreasein tariff rates).Findings: This study's resultsindicate that with the decrease of bilateral tariffs, the total CO2 emissions in Iran are increasing and by increasing commercial releasedegree, the volume of CO2 emissions increases and the total CO2 emissions in Eurasia have a decreasing trend and by increasing commercial releasedegree, the volume of CO2 emissions reduces. The results of this researchrelated to the economic welfare and production indicate that with the decrease of trade tariffs, welfare and production in Iran has an increasing trend and also welfare and production in the Eurasian Economic Union indicate an increasing and decreasing trend, respectively. The trend of the impact of technique (technology) in Iran is descending and in the Eurasian Economic Union is ascending, the impact of the technique shows a change in production technology, especially the shift towards clean technology. By commercial release, the impact of technology in Iran has resulted in an increase in environmental degradation, and in the Eurasian Economic Union, it decreases environmental degradation, proposing that the Eurasian Economic Union is moving towards clean technology and clean technologies have not been applied in Iran, and one of the reasons could be in terms of the lack of strict environmental laws in Iran.Discussion and conclusion: It is recommended that along with decreasing trade tariffs and using other provisions related to the agreement, applying tougher environmental laws as well as applying clean technologies and the transfer of this kind of technology to the country must be on the agenda. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Map of radionuclide distribution and assessment of absorbed dose and nuclear contamination on the Miankala Peninsula in the north of Iran
Reza Pourimani Seyed Mohsen Mortazavi Shahroudi Roshanak GhorbaniBackground and objective: The study, to assess the level of environmental radiation and to obtain the impact of the development of industry, including petrochemicals, on the formation of nuclear pollution, the specific activity of radionuclides, and the amount of absorb MoreBackground and objective: The study, to assess the level of environmental radiation and to obtain the impact of the development of industry, including petrochemicals, on the formation of nuclear pollution, the specific activity of radionuclides, and the amount of absorbed dose were measured in the Miankaleh peninsula in the north of Iran, south-east of the Caspian Sea. Material and Methodology: 43 samples were collected from the north and south coasts of the Miankala peninsula, including 13 bottles of water and 30 bags of sediments, and the specific activities of radionuclides in the samples were determined using a high-purity germanium detector. The distribution map of radioactive elements was made using GIS software. Findings: The average specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in sediment samples were 18.17±1.62, 16.21±1.36, 266.28±9.45, and 2.61±0.27 Bqkg-1, respectively, and the average specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in water samples was 0.78±0.12, 5.39±0.75 and 17.89±1.79 Bqkg-1, respectively. The average absorbed dose rate in air was calculated as 28.73±1.91 nGyh-1. Discussion and Conclusion: The specific activity of natural radionuclides was calculated to be lower than the global average. The amount of dose absorbed in this area is within the permissible limit. The average radioactive concentration in the water samples of the southern shores of the Miankala peninsula is higher than its northern shores, which are adjacent to the Caspian Sea. However, the concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the northern coastal sediments is higher than that of the southern coasts. The concentration of 137Cs is higher on the southern coast of the Miankala peninsula, which located in a dry area, due to the lack of water flow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Using Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling in the impact of consumer attitudes and awareness on Intention to Participate in Electronic Waste Collection System
Fereshteh Hatam Reza Najafbagy MohammadJavad KameliBackground and Objective: Waste and municipal waste management is a major concern in any society and in this regard, the role and participation of citizens is very important. The purpose of this study is to design a model for impact of consumer attitude and awareness on MoreBackground and Objective: Waste and municipal waste management is a major concern in any society and in this regard, the role and participation of citizens is very important. The purpose of this study is to design a model for impact of consumer attitude and awareness on the intention to participate in the electronic waste collection system.Material and Methodology: The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose and a case study in terms of method.After extracting the structures from theoretical foundations and articles, to finalize them from 25 people Experts were consulted. Also, to validate the research model, a sample of 384 citizens of Tehran was selected. A standard questionnaire with a reliability of 0/968 was used to collect data. The model validation method is Bayesian structural equations which was implemented in AMOS 26 software.Findings: Findings showed that environmental factors, mental norm, economic stimulus,infrastructure and attitude from Yang Ko et al. (2017) model are effective on citizens' participationintention. Also, the variables of personal education, responsibility and publicity that were identifiedfrom the article of Tavakoli Nia et al. (2017) were approved by experts. Among the identified factors,the highest impact was related to environmental factors with an impact rate of about 85%.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that environmental factors, mental norms and attitudesaffect the infrastructure and economic stimulus and also through these two variables affect theintention of citizen participation and have an indirect effect. Finally, publicity and accountabilitythrough environmental factors influence the intention of citizen participation. In addition, the resultsshow that the infrastructure facilitates the conversion of subjective norms and attitudes to intentions,which shows that lack of access to electronic waste collection infrastructure, reduces the impact ofsubjective norms and attitudes on intention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of Cr, Ni and Co in Joghatay ophiolitic region soils (NW Sabzevar), by statistical analysis and sequential extraction
Hojatallah Joghatayi rahim dabiri Mohamad Elyas MoslempourBackground and Objective: Joghatay plain is located in Sabezvar Ophiolitic Zone and next to the chromite mine. In this research, the soil pollution by heavy metals have been investigated with respect to geochemical, statistical and environmental indicators in Joghatay p MoreBackground and Objective: Joghatay plain is located in Sabezvar Ophiolitic Zone and next to the chromite mine. In this research, the soil pollution by heavy metals have been investigated with respect to geochemical, statistical and environmental indicators in Joghatay plain.Material and Methodology: Samples were collected seasonally from soil in Joghatay plain within May 2014, and the concentration of heavy metals were measured using ICP-MS method. To the geochemical phases of metals in soil were determined using BCR sequential extraction method.Finding: The result of the analysis of heavy metals in soil samples has shown high concentrations of some elements such as Chromium, Nickel and Cobalt in the southern part of the region. Assessment and correlation of heavy metals in Joghatay region soils by multivariate statistical methods (Pearson correlation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis) show a strong positive correlation between Cobalt, Nickel, Chromium, Iron, Manganese and Magnesium due to the same source (ophiolitic unit area).Discussion and Conclusion: The pollution index (geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor and modified contamination degree) indicates that soil has strongly polluted with regard to Chromium and Nickel and moderately polluted to Cobalt. Sequential extraction method has indicated that more than 50% of Nickel and Chromium concentration in intercahnageable phase. On the other hand ophiolitic rocks and Chromit mining leads releasing of these elements in the area. Though, as far as it gets away from ophiolitic rocks these elements concentration will be decreased. Also element speciation in different phases reveals that the rest elements have concentrated in residual phases and have a lithogenic source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - An investigation into the effects of education on the promotion of the environmental knowledge of teachers and students (Case study: a junior high school in Bam)
mina behnood fateme Bahadori amjaz maryam morovatiBackground and Objective: Today's societies must be familiar with their environment to achieve the goals of sustainable development. One of the most fundamental solutions is to teach environmental knowledge in all educational grades.Material and Methodology: For this pu MoreBackground and Objective: Today's societies must be familiar with their environment to achieve the goals of sustainable development. One of the most fundamental solutions is to teach environmental knowledge in all educational grades.Material and Methodology: For this purpose, the present study explored the effects of environmental education for both teaching staff (teachers) and students in the first-grade high school using two researcher-designed questionnaires. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the data were collected by completing the questionnaires for two groups of teachers and first-grade high school students based on the five-point Likert scale (from very high to very low). The statistical population of the study was determined by the factor analysis test to be 72 for teachers and 180 for students. The Kieser-Mir-Oaklin and Bartlett tests were used for factor analysis in the SPSS software package.Findings: The reliability coefficient was acceptable for both groups. The results show that students' environmental behaviors along with environmental theories of correct theory-practice are of equal importance. Also, improving teachers' environmental knowledge has a significant effect on students' behavior and positive attitudes.Discussion and conclusions: Therefore, to achieve the goal of promoting environmental awareness and education among the members of a community, these trainings should be given to both students and educators (teachers). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Nonlinear affect in Competitiveness and Firm Innovation by Environmental Policy Stringency; testing the Porter's Hypothesis
omidali adeli yazdan goudarzi ali akbar ebrahiminejadBackground and Objective: One of the most prominent hypothesis in environmental economics is the Porter hypothesis. The Porter hypothesis argues that more stringent environmental policies can actually have a net positive effect on the competitiveness of regulated firms MoreBackground and Objective: One of the most prominent hypothesis in environmental economics is the Porter hypothesis. The Porter hypothesis argues that more stringent environmental policies can actually have a net positive effect on the competitiveness of regulated firms because such policies promote cost-cutting efficiency improvements, which in turn reduce or completely offset regulatory costs, and foster innovation in new technologies that may help firms achieve international technological leadership and expand market share. Given the importance of this hypothesis to policymakers and firms, many studies have been conducted to prove or disprove this hypothesis. Material and Methodology: in this study, we used panel smooth transition regression for 25 OECD members during 2000-2015. Findings: the results indicated that the weighted indicator of environmental policy stringency in linear and nonlinear part of the model had positive and significant effects on increasing the number of selected environmental technologies. The coefficient of variation was estimated to be 0.142 in the linear part and 0.213 in the nonlinear part. The speed of transition between the two regimes of weighted growth index of environmental policies, according to the estimated transition parameter, is 3.17. Discussion and Conclusion: Analysis of results shows that when the weight index growth of environmental policies is low, the severity of the impact of independent and control variables on the number of selected environmental technologies will vary. Given the experience of developed countries, improving the state of the legal system and property rights, increasing official and state aid for environmental development, and increasing state funding for environmental research and development can play an effective role in improving competitiveness and enhancing enterprise innovation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Granting legal personality to the elements of nature in the light of sustainable development
Zahra Sharegh Hossein RezazadehAfter World War II , the concept of sustainable development was introduced in order to balance the protection of the environment with the enjoyment of fundamental human rights, including the right to development; So that the exercise of human rights is not an excuse to MoreAfter World War II , the concept of sustainable development was introduced in order to balance the protection of the environment with the enjoyment of fundamental human rights, including the right to development; So that the exercise of human rights is not an excuse to destroy the environment. In fact, human beings realized that any damage to the environment ultimately endangers human beings and their dignity, and therefore, along with economic and social elements, environmental sustainability was identified as one elements of sustainable development. The present study seeks to examine how some governments, by identifying legal personality for the elements of nature, have taken steps towards environmental sustainability and ultimately the realization of sustainable development. It is a type of basic research that is descriptive-analytical and using library resources as well as using electronic resources including books, articles, dissertations, official conferences related to the subject (regional and international)in Persian and English languages and after raising the issue and clarifying the hypotheses, the data in accordance with the research questions in national and international judicial documents and procedures(both Persian and Latin)have been searched, collected, summarized and analyzed. One of the measures taken in recent years to environmental sustainability, has been recognized legal personality to the elements of nature. The practice of some countries, especially since 2008,shows that in order to achieve environmental sustainability, at the level of legislation or the procedure of the courts, the elements of nature have been recognized as rightful and representatives have been appointed to pursue their rights. Overall, developments in environmental law show that the identification of legal personality for the elements of nature has created a new development in the field of environmental law and sustainable development that is rapidly expanding in the international community. So that many governments can use this experience to take this step to provide the necessary grounds for greater environmental protection around the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Investigating the classification process of green tax in environmental instruments, in order to achieve sustainable development
Javad Rasmi Zahra Abedi mostafa panahi yeganeh Mousavi jahromiBackground and Objective: One of the challenges faced by governments in the last century is environmental crises such as temperature increase, climate changes, environmental pollution, loss of plant and animal species, etc. European and North American or Japanese govern MoreBackground and Objective: One of the challenges faced by governments in the last century is environmental crises such as temperature increase, climate changes, environmental pollution, loss of plant and animal species, etc. European and North American or Japanese governments often use green finance laws and instruments to advance their environmental protection policies.Material and Methodology: In this research, in the first step, the researcher will identify the effective criteria and models on the green tax by using the expert analysis approach using the fuzzy Delphi method, and after screening, he will introduce the implementation models. In the second step, by using the causal theory of the Dimtel method in the fuzzy evaluation environment (due to the high precision of the fuzzy method approach, this approach has been used in the analysis), the tolerance evaluation of the executive models will be carried out. Finally, the correlation executive model will be presented. The fuzzy network analysis model, which is a comprehensive approach to the green tax open environment problem, will classify and grade the identified patterns.Findings: Using analytical and library methods, this study shows that tax, as one of the financial policy tools, plays an important role in sustainable growth and development and ensuring social justice. The main goal of this research is to investigate the classification process of green tax in environmental instruments, in order to achieve sustainable development.Discussion and conclusion: Iran can increase the share of its tax revenues and leave a positive impact on the quality of the environment by designing and implementing green tax (environmental taxes) as one of the common tax bases in the countries of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Different Approaches for the Implementation of International Environmental Law in the Domestic Law of selected Countries with a review of the Iranian Legal System
azam parandeh motlagh shirin shirazian ali zareThe enforcement of international environmental law in various legal systems is one of the most up-to-date issues of The enforcement of international environmental law in various legal systems is one of the most up-to-date contemporary international law issues. In this MoreThe enforcement of international environmental law in various legal systems is one of the most up-to-date issues of The enforcement of international environmental law in various legal systems is one of the most up-to-date contemporary international law issues. In this regard, Article 9 of the Iranian Civil Code has provided a solution for implementing international treaties. However, in addition to its interpretation, it could not be applied to other international law sources such as international customary law or decisions of international courts. This article aims to examine the different approaches to implementing international environmental law in the domestic law of countries with a view of the Iranian legal system. Based on an analytical approach and an inductive approach, this study also considers possible legislative solutions for effective international environmental law enforcement in Iran. Investigations and studies of this research have shown that there are credible legal capacities in the Iranian legal system for effective enforcement of international law despite legal uncertainties and enforcement constraints. At the same time, it is necessary to enact laws and regulations to clearly explain the relationship between Iranian domestic law and international customary and contractual obligations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Investigating the effect of economic factors on environmental degradation using the 3SLS panel approach (Selection of Developing and Developed Countries)
shima parsa mohammadreza zare mehrjerdi maryam ziaabadi hossein mehrabi boshrabadiBackground and Objective: Following the increase in environmental pollution caused by economic growth, environmental challenges have become one of the most important concerns of policy makers. Because environmental pollution leads to adverse environmental effects such a MoreBackground and Objective: Following the increase in environmental pollution caused by economic growth, environmental challenges have become one of the most important concerns of policy makers. Because environmental pollution leads to adverse environmental effects such as climate change and global warming, and ultimately threatens human life and ecosystem destruction. Therefore, studying the impact of factors affecting environmental degradation is of particular importance. Material and Methodology: This study intends to analyze the impact of economic factors affecting environmental degradation during the period 1995-1995, using time series data from 26 selected developing countries and 17 selected developed countries. Therefore, in order to investigate the existence of the Kuznets environmental curve in the studied countries, the coefficients of the variables in the three equations of ecological footprint, energy consumption and economic growth have been estimated by the system of equations simultaneously with panel data (panel 3sls). Because in this method, due to the simultaneous estimation of the equations, the estimated coefficients have a higher accuracy. Finding: The results of estimating the coefficients of the model using the three-stage least squares technique with panel data indicate that the existence of the Kuznets environmental hypothesis in developed countries cannot be confirmed because the coefficients of GDP and squares are negative and positive, respectively. But, in developing countries, the coefficients of GDP and squared variables have been positive and negative, respectively, which confirms the existence of the Kuznets environmental hypothesis in these countries. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, the variable of energy consumption in both developed and developing countries has a positive and significant effect on environmental degradation, while the variable of trade openness in developing and developed countries has a negative and significant effect on pollution and ecological footprint. Therefore, it is suggested that due to the high importance of the environment, along with planning and policy-making for higher economic growth, the enactment of environmental laws and the use of environmentally friendly technologies should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Feasibility of zinc recovery from hot-filtrate cake (waste) as practical approach to resolve of environmental problems in zinc industry
Mehdi Hosseini Keivan Shayesteh Vahid Vahid fard Pourya AbbasiBackground and Objective: Cake from hot-filtrate of zinc production industries containing about 16-24% of zinc and harmful metals such as cobalt, which it releases to environment caused to the harmful effects. These pollutions are one of the main concerns of this indust MoreBackground and Objective: Cake from hot-filtrate of zinc production industries containing about 16-24% of zinc and harmful metals such as cobalt, which it releases to environment caused to the harmful effects. These pollutions are one of the main concerns of this industry so the goal of present work is cobalt impurity cementation method and reuse of zinc recovery. Material and Methodology: The work is containing three steps leaching of hot-filtrate cake, optimization of affective parameters on process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and removal of cobalt impurity. Using RSM necessary experiments was designed and finally optimum conditions were determined. Finding: Using Design of Expert (DOE) software parameters such as temperature, zinc powder amount, contact time and additive concentration of antimony trioxide were evaluated. Based on the obtained results, the most impressive are belonged to zinc powder amount, temperature, time and additive concentration, respectively. Optimum conditions for cobalt removal containing temperature of 84 C°, concentration of 12.74 g L-1 for zinc powder, contact time of 118 min and concentration of 22.28 mg L-1 were obtained. At these conditions, cobalt impurity amount is reached to the allowed limit for electrolysis process and can be recovery of zinc from obtained solution. Discussion & Conclusion: Using cementation method about 75% of zinc in cake was recovery and cobalt impurity was removed and finally, obtained zinc solution was conducted to the zinc production route. Furthermore, addition of dissolving environmental problems from cake, recovery of zinc and cobalt from the point of economical was important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - International Responsibility Foreign Investors with respect to the Environment
Mojtaba Ansarian shirin shiraziamThe domain of investment law and environmental law is similar. In fact, if there is not environment and its components insist of air, soil and water there will not be any investment, production, accumulation of capital and consumption. Therefore, everyone with every rol MoreThe domain of investment law and environmental law is similar. In fact, if there is not environment and its components insist of air, soil and water there will not be any investment, production, accumulation of capital and consumption. Therefore, everyone with every role should act in the process of maintaining and upbringing the environment, in which the role of the prominent investors is highlighted. Today, it has been specified by all countries that their entry into the competitive international trade market and the promotion of the welfare of society and security in all its dimensions require the attraction of foreign investment.Many countries that want to attract more and more capital into their country are adopting laws which encourages investors to be present in that country, on the other hand, will end the environment in the long run. Transnational corporations also tend to invest in country that are more environmentally easier. In the meantime, it should be seen with a prospect that the only major inflow of capital would not be generating public benefit but the presence of capital with proper and management consumption and the protection of the environment, which fulfills national and global interests.The question of present research is how can besides governments and international organizations, be considered internationally responsibility such as foreign investors in the event of environmental degradation. It is assumed that in the event of environmental degradation, even the consent country investable would be an international liability to investor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Factors Affecting the Participation of Villagers in Environmental Protection (Case Study: Villages of Qaleh-e-Tel Rural District of Baghmalek County)
bahman khosravipour zeynab Khademi khadijeh soleimani harooniBackground and Objective: Natural resources are one of the inseparable parts of human life, and the participation of villagers in the maintenance and protection of natural resources is essential. This research was conducted in 2014 with the aim of determining the effect MoreBackground and Objective: Natural resources are one of the inseparable parts of human life, and the participation of villagers in the maintenance and protection of natural resources is essential. This research was conducted in 2014 with the aim of determining the effective factors on the participation of villagers (Baghmolek city in Khuzestan province) in environmental protection. Material and Methodology: The random sample of this research consists of 254 villagers from Qala Tal village of Baghmelk city, who were randomly selected using the sampling method. Data collection in this research was done using a researcher-made questionnaire. After preparing the questionnaire and confirming its face validity by experts, its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different research variables. In order to determine the effective factors on the participation of villagers in environmental protection, step-by-step regression analysis was used. Fidings: The results showed that the correlation test between research variables has a positive and significant relationship and the four variables of challenges, desire, government-motivational factors and social-psychological factors are able to significantly predict (R2 = 0.48) the changes They are an effective variable on the participation of villagers in environmental protection. Discussion & Conclusion: Since willingness is an effective factor on the participation of villagers, it is suggested that more emphasis be placed on the participation of villagers in holding training courses. More emphasis should be placed on participating in education classes related to the environment, reporting news related to environmental destruction and talking about the importance of the environment to friends and acquaintances. Government-motivational factors are suggested for the participation of villagers in environmental protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Impacts of droughts on environment flow (Case study: Minab River, Hormozgan, Iran)
Saeedeh Rostam Afshar Seyedeh Hoda Rahmati Hedayat FahmiBackground and Objective: One of the the most effective method to protect environment, is to know minimum amount of water required for environment at the right time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on the environmental flow of Minab River MoreBackground and Objective: One of the the most effective method to protect environment, is to know minimum amount of water required for environment at the right time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on the environmental flow of Minab River, in order to create environmental balance.Material and Methodology: Because of insufficient knowledge of different methods in Iran and their compatibility with management and climatic conditions of the country, after reviewing all available methods, the modified Montana and the flow continuity were selected as the optimal methods.Findings: After selecting the study area, flow discharge at the Brentin station in the Minab River during the years 1963 to 2017 were collected. Firstly, monthly average flow was calculated and later, annual average flow was determined which was equal to 8.16 cubic meters per second. Since the monthly average flow for October, November amd May to September are less than the annual average flow, they were considered as low water period and from December to April were considered as high water period. In the next step, river flow for low-water period and high-water period were calculated and equaled to 2.80 and 15.65 cubic meters per second respectively. Finally, based on different management classes, environmental flow of the Minab River using modified Montana method was calculated and equalled to 0.28 for the low water period and 1.56 for the high water period. Environmental flow with flow duration method equaled to 1.24 cubic meters per second.Discussion and Conclusion: The results reveals that, minimum flow to meet the environmental needs for the Minab River during low water period should be considered 0.28 and between 1.24 and 1.56 cubic meters per second at high water period repectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - The impact of green human resource management on environmentally friendly behavior and environmental performance
Khalil Safari Maryam Sheikhi Samad Khabaz Bavil Iman HakimiBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of green human resource management in increasing the environmentally friendly behavior of employees and whether this can reduce the environmental damage of employees and improve the perform MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of green human resource management in increasing the environmentally friendly behavior of employees and whether this can reduce the environmental damage of employees and improve the performance of hotels? Also, the intensity and weakness of these relationships have been studied in both groups of men and women. Material and Methodology: This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature, the standard questionnaire of Kim et al. (2019) was used. In this regard, a sample of 204 employees of 35 active hotels in Shiraz was studied. The research hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling by Smart-PLS3.0 software. Findings: The results indicate that Green human resource management has a positive and significant effect on environmentally friendly behavior (β = 0.423 and t =6.734) and also, on environmental performance (β =0.637 and t = 10.10) and also, environmentally friendly behavior mediates the relationship between the two variables of green human resource management and environmental performance (β =0.099 and t = 840, α = 0.005). It was also found that gender can not moderate the relationships between variables. Discusion and Conclusion: Having environmentally friendly and supportive human resources not only enhances environmentally friendly behavior but also improves the environmental performance of hotels. There is no differece between men and women in this issue. Also, hotels that do not take steps to protect and preserve the environment, will be gradually rejected and will be less welcomed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Responsibility of the company's social impact and environmental orientation in marketing performance in health food companies
Leila Andervazh alireza rajabipoor meibodi iman ghasemi hamedani marsha zarbazoBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study was to explain the impact of corporate social responsibility and environmental orientation variables on green marketing performance (green internal marketing orientation, green marketing tactics and strategic green mar MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study was to explain the impact of corporate social responsibility and environmental orientation variables on green marketing performance (green internal marketing orientation, green marketing tactics and strategic green marketing orientation) and then the impact of these variables on Marketing performance was examined. Material and Methodology: This research is in the category of applied research in terms of purpose and is in the category of descriptive-survey research in terms of implementation method and the data collection tool is a structured questionnaire. The statistical population of all health-oriented companies in Tehran province is about 1120 companies. In this research, the sampling method was a simple random method and the sample size according to the statistical population of 1120 was 286 companies, which was determined according to the Cochran's formula and at an error level of 5%. Findings: Based on the results of this study, only the hypothesis of the impact of corporate social responsibility on the trend of green internal marketing has not been confirmed and other hypotheses have been confirmed. Discussion and Conclusion: In the first hypothesis, considering that the t-statistic is equal to 1.57 and this value is in the range (1.96, -1.96), so it is not significant. Therefore, it is clear that at the level of 95% confidence of corporate social responsibility has no effect on the trend of green internal marketing. -) is so it can be concluded that this hypothesis is not significant -13.45. Therefore, it is clear that environmental orientation has no effect on green internal marketing orientation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Study of the Environmental Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant of Yazd using the ENTROPY Method
Farshid Saee Sahar Rezaian Razieh RahimiBackground and Objective: This research studies the environmental factors that may be influenced, considering the nature of the project and the way the various stages of utilization exert their influence, and the environmental resources that may be affected by the execu MoreBackground and Objective: This research studies the environmental factors that may be influenced, considering the nature of the project and the way the various stages of utilization exert their influence, and the environmental resources that may be affected by the execution of the different stages of the project. Environmental influences are various changes caused by different activities in the physical, chemical, biological, cultural, economic, and social environments, with each project having different temporal and spatial effects. That is, the consequences and effects resulting from the different stages of construction, utilization, and post-utilization of projects are different.Material and Methodology: The environmental factors considered to study the environmental effects of the wastewater treatment plant in Yazd included the physico-chemical, biological, economic, and social environments. In each of the cases mentioned above, many different parameters are selected, depending on the features of the project, to serve as indices. These indices are used as criteria for comparison of options. In environmental studies of projects, the types of effects are differentiated and employed in environmental analyses. Findings: Considering the decision-making matrix, which included 10 options, and the results obtained from the ENTROPY method, the experts selected the main indices that were the criteriaof the project. Index number 4 (water quality), index number 1 (soil quality), and index number 7 (sanitation and safety), with relative importance weights of 0.192, 0.179, and 0.152, were ranked first to third, respectively.Discussion and Conclusion: It is very necessary to control, monitor and supervise the operation and maintenance issues of a sewage treatment plant in order to produce a standard quality effluent and increase it’s efficiency during the operation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Valuation of natural medicinal plants collected from forests and rangelands of Urmia city and its environmental effects
Mehran mojarrad Ashena Abad Vahid CarvaniBackground and Objective: Today, indiscriminate collection of medicinal plants from nature is considered a serious problem in Iran. This research reviews the process of plant collection from nature; determine its harmful effects on the forest and rangeland ecosystem and MoreBackground and Objective: Today, indiscriminate collection of medicinal plants from nature is considered a serious problem in Iran. This research reviews the process of plant collection from nature; determine its harmful effects on the forest and rangeland ecosystem and its economic valuation. Material and Methodology: Economic value of plants was estimated based on plant seller’s perspective and sales prices in Urmia city. By visiting the stores, interviewing and completing the questionnaire, the results were analyzed by Excel 2016 and SPSS 19. This research was done in the spring and summer of 1401. Findings: The annual value of all the collected plants from the nature of Urmia is 22.285 billion Iranian rials. Rosa canina species with the local name of Itburni has the highest economic value among the studied natural medicinal plants, while Crataegus pontica with the local name of Yemishan has the greatest biomass content. Based on the type of plant organ collected, destructive harvesting includes 56% of the total plant value and 47.5% of the total dry weight of the harvested plant. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings indicate that the collecting of medicinal plants is widespread in Urmia. Due to insufficient supervision by the responsible organizations, therefore destructive harvests including root, rhizome, bulb, fruit and whole plant are done. As a result, about 50 percent of harvested species are under threat. Although this annual value (22.285 billion Iranian rials) is not much, it is a good indicator and a warning for natural resource managers and national planners, so that they can plan correctly about the phenomenon of people's invasion of nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Response of Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Output Shocks in Large Asian Emitters
Somayeh Azami Fatemeh AbasiBackground and Objective: According to Kaya's identity, there is a relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and output. The aim of this study is to investigate the non-linear or asymmetric effect of output on CO2 emissions. Material and Methodology: The PNARD MoreBackground and Objective: According to Kaya's identity, there is a relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and output. The aim of this study is to investigate the non-linear or asymmetric effect of output on CO2 emissions. Material and Methodology: The PNARDL model is used to investigate the response of carbon dioxide emissions to output shocks in major Asian polluters; India, Japan, Iran, Saudi Arabia and South Korea in the time interval of 1960-2020. Findings: Examining the time path shows that CO2 emissions and GDP of countries are co-movement. The tests show the long-run relationship between these two variables. The non-linear causality test indicates the existence of a one-way causal relationship from positive and negative output shocks to CO2 emissions. In the long-run, CO2 emissions increase as output increases and decrease as output decreases. Short-run dynamics show that positive output shocks of the current and past period significantly lead to an increase in CO2 emissions. Negative output shocks of the current and past periods significantly increase and decrease CO2 emissions, respectively. The estimation of the adjustment speed coefficient indicates that the adjustment towards the long-run equilibrium is slow. Discussion and Conclusion: Investigating the relationship between output and CO2 emissions plays an important role in environmental policies. The speed of adjustment (from short-run to long-run) is slow and the short-run impact of negative output shocks of the current period on emissions should be taken into consideration by the environmental policy makers of the studied countries. In the conditions of output reduction, strict environmental policies should not be stopped immediately. Considering the positive and significant effect of positive production shocks on emissions in the short-run and in the long-run, it is recommended to increase energy efficiency and increase the share of renewable energy in the total energy consumption of countries (substitution of renewable energy instead of fossil energy). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Developing strategic planning of Urban Development Model with Emphasis on Environmental security (Case Study of Tehran)
Elham Fouladi Azita Behbahaninia Bita Azadbakht Saeed MotahariBackground and Objective: Today, due to the emphasis on economic growth and wasteful use of natural and environmental resources, metropolises are faced with many problems in the field of environment and environmental security. Therefore, the use of strategic planning in MoreBackground and Objective: Today, due to the emphasis on economic growth and wasteful use of natural and environmental resources, metropolises are faced with many problems in the field of environment and environmental security. Therefore, the use of strategic planning in urban development plans and emphasis on environmental components can be effective in improving conditions.Material and Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. In the present study, special questionnaires were distributed to experts in the field of environment. SWOT method was used to analyze the internal (weakness, strength) and external factors (threat and opportunity) of the city and sample test was used to test the hypothesis. The Delphi method was used to analyze the interviews and finally identify the consequences. Finally, using the Bryson Strategic Planning Model and according to their strategies and priorities, a strategic development planning model for urban development that emphasizes environmental security has been developed. Finally, strategies were prioritized using the QSPM matrix.Findings: The results of data analysis show that the most important strategy from the perspective of experts and thinkers among these components are political and regulatory components. Also, the most important strategies from the perspective of experts are the implementation of targeted plans to prevent degradation and appropriate strategies to optimally manage air quality.Discusion and Conclusion: According to studies, the environmental security situation in Tehran is in a critical situation and the most important strategies presented through the QSPM matrix include the use of pollution reduction tools, modifying the energy consumption pattern and optimizing it, preventing the spread of urbanization and Marginalization, the use of management systems and reduction of energy consumption and the implementation of targeted plans to prevent the reduction of degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Pathology of Environmental Policy Compiling Process (Case Study - Lake Urmia)
Shahram Shiranzaei Dordaneh AghajaniBackground and Objective: In the current situation, planning and policy making is necessary to prevent the spread of environmental disasters and one of the most important issues in the country is the issue of Lake Urmia which in recent years, many policies have been app MoreBackground and Objective: In the current situation, planning and policy making is necessary to prevent the spread of environmental disasters and one of the most important issues in the country is the issue of Lake Urmia which in recent years, many policies have been approved that have not been sufficiently effective. The purpose of the current study is based on the approach of policy analysis. Material and Methodology: The research strategy was applied in terms of purpose is practical and according to the nature of the problem, a qualitative research approach was chosen. The research method is a case study with the aim of describing and collecting data from semi-structured interviews and the data analysis method is quantitative content analysis. Participants are environmental experts who have relevant knowledge and experience in the subject. The baseline model based on the public policy analysis process diagram includes problem determination, goal setting, criteria decision making, option selection, option analysis, and option comparison. Findings: Findings and studies of Lake Urmia, which are based on the views of the statistical community of policy makers and experts acknowledged that the process of destruction in the Lake Urmia basin has slowed down but the destruction of the environment in the country, 20% is due to the compiling of weak laws and regulations, 60% is due to non-compliance with full implementation of laws and economic valuation of the environment and the remaining 20% is due to how policies are evaluated. Discussion and Conclusion: As 100% of the statistical community of this research, including policy makers and experts, admitted that the process of destruction in the Urmia lake basin has slowed down, but the main reasons for the spread of environmental destruction in the country are the lack of adherence to the implementation of laws and the lack of economic valuation of the environment in the past years. This research was carried out in order to determine the problems and objectives of the existing policies in the Deparment of Environment. In this regard, it is suggested that this research should occur in the larger scope of other effective governmental organization in the area of Lake Urmia in order to restore and protect the wetland and provide water resources, including the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Agricultural, the Program and Budget Organization and their provincial units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Provide a Model for Organizational Bullying Preventing to Develop Green Functions
Mohammadmehdi Khodaverdi Mohammadbagher Gorji Majid Nasiri Abdolghani RastgarBackground and Objective: Environmental changes in the last decade have led to a change in the nature of organizations and their functions. Therefore, due to their social responsibility to society and stakeholders, organizations try to develop the organization in the en MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental changes in the last decade have led to a change in the nature of organizations and their functions. Therefore, due to their social responsibility to society and stakeholders, organizations try to develop the organization in the environment by changing theories such as organizational behavior. The purpose of this is provide a model for preventing bullying in the organization to develop green functions. Material and Methodology: This research is developmental in terms of methodology based on the result and is hybrid in terms of data type. In the qualitative part of the research, through meta-combined and Delphi analyzes, an attempt was made to first examine the components of bullying prevention of the organization for the development of green functions and then to determine their theoretical adequacy based on Delphi analysis. In the quantitative part of the research, an attempt was made to prioritize the approved components of the qualitative part during the process of analyzing the comprehensive interpretive structural model in order to determine the most effective ones. The target population in this study in the qualitative part included 15 management specialists at the university level and in the quantitative part were 30 human resources managers of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation of the three provinces of Semnan, Karaj and Tehran. Findings: The results showed that the component of prevention of discrimination and conflict with the aim of the effectiveness of green functions becomes the most effective factor in preventing bullying of the organization for the development of green functions. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that conflict control gives employees more motivation to develop behaviors in line with green functions and causes them to accept roles beyond the assigned roles in the field of organization with the peace of mind created in the organizational environment. Based on that, to help make the organization more sustainable in the green field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - The Relationship between Environmental Law and the Flood Crisis: A Case Study of the Environmental Legislative Approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Ali mashhadi Ali BayatiAfter the flood, especially in recent years, the key question is what the relationship between environmental law system and the flood crisis?. In this regard, environmental law has been enshrined in the pre, before and after the flood, with numerous rules, laws and regu MoreAfter the flood, especially in recent years, the key question is what the relationship between environmental law system and the flood crisis?. In this regard, environmental law has been enshrined in the pre, before and after the flood, with numerous rules, laws and regulations. The importance of analyzing the relationship between floods and environmental rights goes back to the impact that environmental laws and regulations and natural resources have on each other. On the one hand, ignoring and violating preventive laws and regulations of the environment and natural resources can lead to the occurrence of this crisis. On the other hand, flooding can have a adverse effect on the environment.In Iranian environmental law, despite the adoption of numerous laws and regulations to prevent flooding, numerous deficiencies can be investigated. These deficiencies can be classified into three categories: normative, institutional, and behavioral. In this paper, the author use an analytical-descriptive approach, library resources, laws and regulations and procedures. While presenting the existing environmental law system, the environmental legal approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the three periods before, during and after the flood to be examined.The basic presumption of this article in response to the main question is that in order to prevent and deal with the flood crisis, there are three categories of legal deficiencies mentioned, especially in the field of laws and regulations, and environmental laws and regulations related to floods need to be amended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Analyzing the Effective of Internal Auditors Voice in Environmental Performance Disclosure
Abdolahe Hasanpoor Darzi Zahra Poorzamani Hamidreza Vakilifard Azita JahanshadBackground and Objective: The auditing profession is an independence-based profession, both in terms of standards and in terms of code of conduct, but internal auditors are different from independent auditors because they operate in a structure owned by corporate execut MoreBackground and Objective: The auditing profession is an independence-based profession, both in terms of standards and in terms of code of conduct, but internal auditors are different from independent auditors because they operate in a structure owned by corporate executives and must be governed by Maintain these conditions of behavioral and functional independence in accordance with auditing standards. The Purpose of this research is evaluating the function of the effective voice of internal auditors in disclosing the environmental performance of capital market companies. Material and Methodology: In this research, which is considered as a methodology of development and composition, an attempt was made to identify the components of the effective voice of internal auditors in exposing the environmental performance of capital market companies by relying on Meta-synthesis and Delphi analysis processes in the qualitative. Then, in the quantitative part, interpretive ranking analysis is used to identify the most effective function of the effective voice of internal auditors in exposing the environmental performance of capital market companies. Fidings: The results of the research in the qualitative section, after screening the content of 12 approved studies, indicated the existence of 8 components of the effective voice function of internal auditors in exposing the environmental performance of capital market companies. These components were evaluated through Delphi analysis and the results of this section showed that all 8 components were approved. Discussion & Conclusion: The results show that auditors who have an identity and rely on the code of professional conduct, based on the limits of the requirements to disclose environmental performance, always try to disclose the company's performance in this area and in this way, they can improve the level of information transparency of the company to external stakeholders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Evaluation of the environmental effects of "Khakab" construction waste recycling plant using the Iranian Leopold matrix method in EIA+ software (Case study: debris recycling plant in Abali landfill)
Sally Salehi Farid Gholamreza Fahimi Masoud Kiadaliri Ahmad Tavana Keivan SaebBackground & Objective: The recycling process of industrial wastewater leaves pollution that is evident in the process of factories producing recycled sand. This research has investigated the environmental effects of construction debris recycling in sand recycling facto MoreBackground & Objective: The recycling process of industrial wastewater leaves pollution that is evident in the process of factories producing recycled sand. This research has investigated the environmental effects of construction debris recycling in sand recycling factories. Material and Methodology: The two phases of operation and implementation of the factory construction plan were considered as the main phases of the current research. Therefore, 13 micro-activities and 23 environmental parameters were identified and the results were analyzed in EIA+ software using the Iranian Leopold matrix method and discussed based on the results. Findings: Three micro-activities include washing fine sand through a washing machine with a score of -3.6, converting concrete pieces and large boulders into smaller pieces and transferring them to a jaw crusher with a score of -2.8 and transferring the remaining The sewage produced by the washing machine has had the most negative effects on the depot pond with a score of -2.7. The three micro-activities of creating green spaces with a score of +2.2, selling products with a score of +0.9, and hiring employees with a score of +0.5 have the most positive effects on the environment. Discussion and conclusion: Considering the positive effect on the economy, increasing the green space in the region, job creation, and also reducing the increasing amount of scum accumulated in Abali pit, the construction and operation of the factory is evaluated as a positive activity, but considering the destructive effects of the environment. its biological, it is necessary to consider alternative solutions to adjust its environmental effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Investigating Student's Environmental Knowledge and Attitude of Tehran Payame Noor University (Case Study: Lavasanat, Tehran Jonoob and Shahr Rey units)
Afrooz Alimohamadi Mahsa SafaripourBackground and Objective: Today, due to the occurrence of environmental crises, having environmental knowledge and attitude for students, considering their effective role in society, is essential. Environmental knowledge increases sensitivity to environmental issues, an MoreBackground and Objective: Today, due to the occurrence of environmental crises, having environmental knowledge and attitude for students, considering their effective role in society, is essential. Environmental knowledge increases sensitivity to environmental issues, and environmental attitudes lead to active participation in environmental protection, as it reinforces values and concerns about the environment. So the main goal of this study is to investigate the environmental knowledge and attitude levels of Payame Noor students.Material and Methodology: The statistical population consists of all the students of the Lavasanat, Tehran Jonoob and Shahr Rey units of Tehran Payame Noor university (N=12306). Based on Krejcie and Morgan's table, a sample of 385 students was chosen and data was collected based on a standardized three-part questionnaire (demographic, knowledge, attitude) that was used in similar studies and its validity has been confirmed by the experts in the field and Cronbach's alpha for reliability assessment for knowledge and attitude items were 0.70 and 0.81 respectively.Findings: Based on the results, students' environmental knowledge is at a high level and their environmental attitude is at the desired level. The variables of age and marital status are significantly correlated with the level of students' knowledge and attitudes, while there is no significant correlation between the variables of gender, field of study and academic unit with the level of knowledge and attitudes. The results also indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between environmental knowledge and attitudes.Discussion and Conclusion: The high level of environmental knowledge and attitude of the students under study can have a significant impact on their environmental behavior and lead to responsible environmental behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Impact of environmental orientations on green marketing in the hotel industry (Case: Shiraz hotels)
mohammad bashokouh ajirlou Yavar Babaei Golsoum Akbariarbatan sajad ferdowsiBackground and objective: The green marketing approach has been welcomed in many organizations and marketers are trying to apply environmental issues in the marketing process. This indicates the importance of social responsibilities in the marketing process of organizat MoreBackground and objective: The green marketing approach has been welcomed in many organizations and marketers are trying to apply environmental issues in the marketing process. This indicates the importance of social responsibilities in the marketing process of organizations. In this regard, the present study investigates the impact of environmental orientations on green marketing in the hotel industry.Material and Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the study includes managers and employees of hotels in Shiraz. The number of statistical samples is 200 people. In order to analyze the data, the technique of structural equation modeling based on variance has been used.Findings: The research findings showed that the environmental orientations of hotels with an effect of 0.812 are effective on green marketing, and this variable explains 65% of all green marketing changes. Also, the impact of environmental orientations on each of the three dimensions of green marketing (strategic, tactical and internal) and the impact of environmental orientations (internal and external) on green marketing were confirmed.Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings and relationships between research variables, it can be said that the effective implementation of green marketing activities depends on the environmental orientations of employees and managers; Therefore, in order to have a proper green marketing approach, hotel managers must train the idea of being green and green behavior among the staff and adjust the hotel processes and activities based on these principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Provide a Combined Model of Q-Analysis and Interpretation of Environmental Risk of Technologically Sustainable Supply Chain
Peyman Gholizadeh Saber Molaalizadeh Zavardehi Alah karam SalehiBackground and Objective: The Purpose of this research is Provide a Combined Model of Q-Analysis and Interpretation of Environmental Risk of Technologically Sustainable Supply Chain. Material and Methodology: Based on this, first, the components and propositions of the MoreBackground and Objective: The Purpose of this research is Provide a Combined Model of Q-Analysis and Interpretation of Environmental Risk of Technologically Sustainable Supply Chain. Material and Methodology: Based on this, first, the components and propositions of the risks of the sustainable were identified by the research experts and then, based on the link analysis, which includes the analysis of internal links and the relationships between links and the systemic impact of links to determine the most important element of a connection between the statements of components related to the technological risks sustainable supply chain. Findings: Accordingly, the three components of the economic risk of a sustainable technological supply chain; the social risk of the technologically stable supply chain and the environmental risk of the technologically sustainable supply chain were determined in the form of 28 initial propositions, they entered the Delphi analysis section in order to reach the theoretical adequacy level. In this section, 21 final propositions were approved in the second phase of Delphi analysis. Discussion and Conclusion: It was also found that the two propositions of lack of desirable standards and lack of institutional oversight in waste control and the impact of natural disasters due to the geographical impossibility of technology development are considered as the most effective environmental risk measures of sustainable supply chain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Civil Liability Sanctions about Environmental Pollution in Iran and US Law
Babak Sadeghi alireza lotfi doudaran Mozaffar BashokouhThe legal confrontation with environmental pollution and the many and various losses resulting from it, which endangers human life in the present generation and future generations, requires appropriate and efficient legal enforcement guarantees. Civil Liability, as a br MoreThe legal confrontation with environmental pollution and the many and various losses resulting from it, which endangers human life in the present generation and future generations, requires appropriate and efficient legal enforcement guarantees. Civil Liability, as a branch of legal science, has provided valuable executive guarantees in this field, which has a preventive and compensatory role. The purpose of choosing the topic of this article is to introduce and review and complete the executive guarantees of civil liability caused by environmental pollution in Iran and US law. According to the studies conducted in this research, the executive guarantees of civil liability in US law are more complete than the legal executive guarantees of Iran, because punitive damages, joint and several liability and referendum have been accepted in US law. But even the executive guarantees of US law also have shortcomings that the authors have pointed out, and by theorizing and examining the issues of this area, the authors have created new executive guarantees, such as the cancellation of contracts that pollute the environment and the return of property. It has also presented the results obtained from the polluting activities in order to provide better means of compensation and prevention of the losses caused by environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Evaluating the Effects of Altruistic Value, Environmental Awareness, and Social Media on Green Purchasing Behavior with the Mediating Role of Normative Goal and Environmental Concern
Fereshteh Mohammadsalehi alireza rousta Majid AhmadiBackground & Objective: Concerns about environmental degradation have increased in the past few decades. In response to these concerns, consumers help preserve the environment by adopting green purchasing behavior and using green products. Environmental issues and e MoreBackground & Objective: Concerns about environmental degradation have increased in the past few decades. In response to these concerns, consumers help preserve the environment by adopting green purchasing behavior and using green products. Environmental issues and environmental protection are one of the most important criteria that consumers should consider when purchasing. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effects of altruistic value, environmental awareness and social media on green purchasing behavior with the mediating role of normative goal and environmental concern. Material and Methodology: This study is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose and survey-descriptive research in terms data collection method. The statistical population of the research is the customers of organic food products in Tehran in 2022. Also, 415 questionnaires were distributed using available sampling method and 387 questionnaires were collected. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by evaluating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.919. Validity of the research tool has been confirmed by performing confirmatory factor analysis technique. Structural equation modeling has also been used to analyze the information. Findings: According to the results of research hypotheses, the perceived effectiveness of the customer, social media, environmental awareness, and altruistic value have a significant effect on the normative goal and environmental concern. Also, the role of normative goal and environmental concern on green purchasing behavior has been shown. Discussion and conclusion: From the point of view of customers, the most influential factor on the environmental attitude is the altruistic value variable with the statistic of 13/363 and the least effective factor on the normative goal is the environmental awareness variable with a statistic of 3.521. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - The Study of Environmental Identities in Iranian Society: A Field Study
Javad Nabizadeh Moghadam Roya Sedigh Ziabari Seyyed Mohamad Reza AdelBackground and Objective: It seems that today's human environmental identity, which is itself threatened, also threatens the environment. Environmental identity is all kinds of methods that people use to justify and interpret their relationship to the earth as manifeste MoreBackground and Objective: It seems that today's human environmental identity, which is itself threatened, also threatens the environment. Environmental identity is all kinds of methods that people use to justify and interpret their relationship to the earth as manifested in their personality, values, actions, and feelings. The aim of the present study is to assess the environmental identity in Iranian society among university students based on the Susan Clayton Environmental Identity Questionnaire. This questionnaire, in a way, measures the opinions, views, feelings, sense of belonging to the environment and people's experiences of the environment in a wide range and dimensions. Identifying the environmental identity in any society will be the first step in planning to enhance the environmental identity of individuals and, consequently, change behavior towards the environment to prevent its destruction.Material and Methodology: Using Morgan’s Table and Convenience Sampling, in this quantative research, 280 freshman and postgraduate students in English language and literature at Hakim Sabzevari University of Sabzevar, Lorestan University, Khayyam University of Mashhad, Islamic Azad University, Torbat Heydarieh Branch and the Tabaran Institute of Higher Education of Mashhad were asked to answer Susan Clayton's Environmental Identity questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions that students answered in 40 minutes. Data were entered into SPSS software. To analyze the data, the independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used, and the views of the two groups were compared.Findings: Findings showed that education and age of people had no effect on their attitude towards the environment and their environmental identity, but their gender had an effect on their attitude towards the environment and, consequently, their environmental identity.Discussion and Conclusion: It may claim that when planning for an environmental protection program, the gender of people should be considered as a significant variable because the gender of individuals has an impact on formation of their environmental identity. Although the variables of age and education in this study did not show significant differences in the environmental identity of the participants, this does not mean that they should be ignored in environmental planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - The Investigation of Heavy Metal Content and Their Chemical Forms in Tehran Sewage Sludge for Agricultural Application
Sumayyah Naji Rad Akbar Ghavidel Hossein Ali Alikhani Ali Ashraf Soltnai ToolaroodBackground and Objective: Among sewage sludge disposal options, land application is more preferred because of economic benefits and decreasing fertilizer cost for farmers. However, if sludge has excess amount of heavy metals and microbial infections, land application ma MoreBackground and Objective: Among sewage sludge disposal options, land application is more preferred because of economic benefits and decreasing fertilizer cost for farmers. However, if sludge has excess amount of heavy metals and microbial infections, land application may lead to soil and environmental pollution. Method: In this research, the amount of total, DTPA-extractable and soluble forms of Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn and Ni and population of coliform bacteria were determined in the sludge samples of three different sewage sludge treatment plants including Shahrak-e-Gharb, Ekbatan and Shoush and the results were compared to the world pollution limit standards of these metals and the coliform population. Findings: Results showed that 0.01% of all metals accumulatively in sewage sludge were in soluble form, 1.32% in DTPA-extractable form and 98.67% in other forms, which are unavailable. Shoush sludge had largest amount of sum of eight metals (39.73 gr/kg dry sludge), Ekbatan sludge (28.42 gr/kg dry sludge) and Shahrak-e-Gharb sludge (22.95 gr/kg dry sludge) were the second and third in the rank, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Because of high amounts of Zn and Cu in the sludge samples in compare to the standards, the samples from all the treatment plants did not categorized as the exceptional quality which can be used in agriculture. A comparison between the coliform population and the standards showed that in this regard, sludge samples were in B quality and there would be limitations in their land application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - HSE risk assessment and hazard identification in projects of oil and gas industries from construction to production (Case Study: Petro Pars Ltd.)
Majid Abbaspour Parvin Nassiri Toraj Dana Sanaz ToutounchianSupporting the establishment and strengthening of GC (General Contractor) companies causes the transfer and enhancement of national technologies; that is why, such companies have always been supported by the government’s decision makers. Petro Pa MoreSupporting the establishment and strengthening of GC (General Contractor) companies causes the transfer and enhancement of national technologies; that is why, such companies have always been supported by the government’s decision makers. Petro Pars Ltd. was established as an Iranian general contractor in the fields of oil and gas in 1998 when the first phase of South Pars gas field development project started. The company then undertook phases 4 and 5 of the project. And now it is responsible for phases 6, 7, and 8 which are under construction. To observe the companys policy statement as to loss prevention and risk management programs, Health, Safety and Environmental Management System (HSEMS) was applied immediately. This article aims to describe and show a suitable HSEMS during the different stages of the project (from construction to production) based on risk assessment and related analyses. The main goals of the study are as follows: Analysis and categorization of all HSE disciplines that should be considered by general contractors in the fields of oil and gas HSE management system in different stages of projects Qualitative and quantitative HSE risk assessment Measurement of HSE risks and design of the related regression model during the different stages of the project. Finally, the article illustrates risk control measures for moving towards an improved HSE Management System. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Environmental Base Study and investigation of environmental impact of Hydroelectric Power Plant Case study: Sardabrud Hydroelectric Power Plant
Majid Abbaspour Abdolreza Karbasi Ateke Pahlevan Hamid Rahimipour Anaraki Saeed MotahariLife and development of human societies is based on production and consumption of energy, necessity of paying more attention to environment, the fact of running out of fossil fuel and also the need of renewable energy resources has attracted human attention. With having MoreLife and development of human societies is based on production and consumption of energy, necessity of paying more attention to environment, the fact of running out of fossil fuel and also the need of renewable energy resources has attracted human attention. With having reached renewable energy resources, Iran tends to use these sorts of energy. Hydroelectric energy specially is one of the most important and also most economic renewable sources of energy. To assess environmental impacts of Sardabrud hydroelectric power plant, construction and operation phases Leopold Matrix was used to analyses impacts of each phase on physical-chemical, biological, economical and socio economic environments. Also some experiments were carried out in 4 periods to study the quality of the river. Based on obtained results of the existing status and values from Leopold Matrix, and comparing impacts between the operation and no action alternatives, it was revealed that operation alternative is -62 and +69 in construction and operation phases respectively, and no action alternative is -52 and -82 in construction and operation phases respectively. This after averaging the operation score was +7 and no action score was -133 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - The Presentation of Environmental Risk Assessment Pattern for Gas Pipeline Project by Using of Indexing System and AHP Methods (Case Study: Transportation Pipelines 24 inches, Tasuj-Salmas Project)
Sahar Rezaian Mahdi Irankhahi Seyed Ali JoziGas transportation pipelines production plans, unlike technical and economical justification in the fieldof energy supplying for societies, by having danger on environment, needs the continuous studies ofassessment and environmental risk management in manufacturing and MoreGas transportation pipelines production plans, unlike technical and economical justification in the fieldof energy supplying for societies, by having danger on environment, needs the continuous studies ofassessment and environmental risk management in manufacturing and benefiting stage. In this study,for purpose of environmental risk assessment for gas transportation pipelines the indexing systemmethod and Analytical Hierarchy Process were combined. Indexing System is a compulsive andapplicable method that was based at the basis of characterizing index effect and ranking. By using thismethod, we can classify, quantify and prefering types of environmental risk in pipelines according tothe determined criteria’s and typical. In the mentioned method, typical of dangers, show the possibilityof danger occurrence and effects of typical show the effect intensity. Final grade for environmentalrisk in this method produce via possibility of danger occurrence multiply with effect intensity.According to that efficiency scale for whole of criteria are not equal in the final level of risk.In addition for the purpose of weighting the criteria’s, the Analytical Hierarchy Process was used andfor the purpose of weighting the digital layers of information related to the criteria Ordered WeightAnalysis method was used. For the purpose of examination results of this research, environmental riskassessment of gas transportation pipelines 24 inches for Tasuj-Salmas with approximate length about42 kilometer as a case study was exerted. Via usage of Geographic Information Systems abilities, theidentified risks and risk zonation in the path of pipelines were considered. Results showed that 46% ofgas pipeline path of Tasuj-Salmas, has a high risk level (5467- 6054 grade), 48% of it, has a mediumrisk level (6055- 6641 grade), 2% of it, has a low level of risk (6642-7228 grade) and 4% of it, has alittle risk (7228< grade). Adjacency of southern zone of pipelines path with Orumieh lake nationalpark, is an important ecological sensitivity that is under investigation. 15 kilometer of pipeline path(kilometer 18+220 to 33+220) is aligned with 5 kilometer of biosphere reserved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Estimation of Environmental Pollutants Shadow Price Resulting from Fossil Fuel Use in Different Economical Sectors Case study: Tehran Province
Mir Hosein Mousavi Narges Barzegar Abbas MemarzadeAbstractIntroduction: The economical sectors, being a main consumer of fossil fuels, play a basic role in theEmission of environmental pollutants. In the process of giving service, these sectors createUndesirable outputs, in addition to desirable ones. The cost of this MoreAbstractIntroduction: The economical sectors, being a main consumer of fossil fuels, play a basic role in theEmission of environmental pollutants. In the process of giving service, these sectors createUndesirable outputs, in addition to desirable ones. The cost of this polluting behavior, and also thescarcity of appropriate analytical methods for the purpose of environmental policy making, someefforts have been made. In this paper, to estimate shadow price of environmental pollutants created byfossil fuel consumption in the economical sectors of Tehran province.Material & Methods: The used methodology in this paper is input-output analysis and EPAcoefficients.Results: Results show that economic sectors include transportation sectors to create23548850629RSL social cost , service 88533443280 RLS, agricultural 74716821840 RLS andindustry7269567240 RLS among economic sectors of Tehran have the most shadow prices of environmentalpollutants resulting from fossil fuel respectively.Discussion : Considering the global movement towards sustainable development, it is essential tonotice to the environmental destruction caused by different economical sectors. The results show thatmost of the social costs of air pollutants examined in this study due to the use of gas to the price of796 RLS per liter consumption in the transportation sector, and the lowest induced kerosene to cost196 RLS per liter is consumed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - The cross impact of Environmental quality and Economic growth on health level
Amir H. Mozayani Niloofar Morad HaselAssessing the cross impact of macro phenomenon in country level has been emphasized in empirical studies during past few years. Environment, health and Economic growth are the topics that affect each other considerably. In this article we are going to analyze these effe MoreAssessing the cross impact of macro phenomenon in country level has been emphasized in empirical studies during past few years. Environment, health and Economic growth are the topics that affect each other considerably. In this article we are going to analyze these effects. To do that we performed related models and applied a cross county database, consists 40 countries in different economic development levels through panel data approach. The results imply that (about 4.5%) of the positive effect of economic growth on health level of countries can be offset by its negative impact on environment (degradation) and it can be considered as a deviation from their environmental and health programs. This result can be concerned as a contribution for policy making inIran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - The Environmental Evaluation of Toxic Metal of Al content changing in Industrial Zones (Case Study: some of industrial zones in Kerman province)
Hassan Salari Hossein Mozafai Khosrow Manoocheri Kalantari Masoud Torkzadeh Farzin NaseriRecognition and evaluation of main factors of Aluminum toxicity in different regions (especially industrial zones) is important. In recent research, in order to evaluate the effects of industrial zones on environmental Al3+ content, we carried out sampling from soil, pl MoreRecognition and evaluation of main factors of Aluminum toxicity in different regions (especially industrial zones) is important. In recent research, in order to evaluate the effects of industrial zones on environmental Al3+ content, we carried out sampling from soil, plant and industrial wastewater in six industrial zones of Kerman province (including Kerman Cement factory and Barez Tire factory, Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex, CSP, Industrial Zone No.1 and Khazra industrial zone) and a non industrial zone (control). Soil samples were taken from 30cm depth, plant samples were sampled in these zones for 10 replicates. After sampling and sample preparation, the parameters such as soil pH, soil exchangeable Aluminum, total Aluminum of soil, plant Aluminum content, industrial wastewater pH and industrial wastewater Aluminum were determined in lab. The soil exchangeable Aluminum content was determined by extracting with 1N KCl and total Aluminum was measured with acid digestion and atomic absorption method. Soil and industrial wastewater pH was measured with pH meter. The data was analyses by one-way ANOVA method (SPSS 10.0 software) statistically. The results showed that the amount of soil, industrial wastewater and plant Aluminum content increased significantly in two industrial zones including Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex and CSP when compared with environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards and other zones. Soil and industrial wastewater pH also significantly decreased in these two zones decrease compared with other zones and control (pH of soil samples equaled with critical range of pH=5 approximately). We didn observe increase in total Aluminum amount of soil in these zones when compared with other zones. Therefore increasing of the soil exchangeable Aluminum content in these two zones indicated that the required conditions for Aluminum realizing from soil particles is available. Accordingly, releasing industrial wastewater and pollutant gases (sulphoure components) from industrial zones (Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex and CSO) causes increasing exchangeable Aluminum soil slowly and accumulates within plants. So, the possibility of Aluminum toxicity increases in agricultural and residential regions. Therefore, we should concern controlling, evaluation and management of this important environmental problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Evaluation of the bioclimatic indices influencing human comfort (Case study: Arvand Free Zone)
Faezeh Hedayati Rad Mehran Shabankari Mohamadreza ZarghamiyanBackground and Objective: Identification of climatic potentials as a context of human activities, constitutes a bedrock for majority of environmental plannings and land use plannings. In this regard, climatic features and their dominant elements play an important role i MoreBackground and Objective: Identification of climatic potentials as a context of human activities, constitutes a bedrock for majority of environmental plannings and land use plannings. In this regard, climatic features and their dominant elements play an important role in spatial distribution and development of environmental behavior of human societies, so that weather cognition and the use of its various potencies are comsidered as a base for urban development planning, construction, habitat, architectural and tourism expansion. Methodes: In this study, the human comfort or discomfort at Arvand Free Zone was evaluated based on bio-climatic indices, Terjung, Neurotic strain, Baker, effective temperature, (TCI), (PET) and (PMV) using data from 60 years (1951-2010). Moreover, using the climatological parameters obtained from synoptic station of Abadan, the best time for environmental activities in this city was determined. The results showed that the used bioclimatic indices are able to reveal comfortable and uncomfortable periods in Abadan and despite trivial differences, all indices present the same aspects of climatical comfort of this city. Results:The analysis showed that Abadan mostly had a wide range of variety during the year and changes from hot to very cool weather. During spring and summer, it is excluded from the limits of bioclimatic comfort. In the late fall and throughout winter, Abadan climate with its unique conditions for human comfort, is the best season for environmental and tourism activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Surveying Methods of Environmental Protection in Urban Development Plans Using Transfer Development Right
Mojtaba Rafieian Zahra Alsadat ArdestaniBackground and Objective: Since the adoption of the Rio Declaration in 1992 the concept of using a collaborative approach in various fields of development and environmental protection is accepted at the international level. This declaration announces collaborative appro MoreBackground and Objective: Since the adoption of the Rio Declaration in 1992 the concept of using a collaborative approach in various fields of development and environmental protection is accepted at the international level. This declaration announces collaborative approach as an important factor in environmental management and making decision in sustainable development. It makes authorities to apply this approach as much as possible. Method: According to academic and international references and citing the ongoing projects in the world in this field, the intervention mechanisms will be identified and checked. Also the method of applying methods, components and indexes in this approach will be expressed. Findings: The increasing rate of development programs lead to the environmental, economic and social warnings. In response to issues and crises from them, concepts and approaches were proposed which one of them was transfer development right. Discussion and conclusion: This approach makes the owners voluntarily participate in the preservation lands programs and therefore government shouldn’t pay any money for those programs. This research is tried to explain transfer development right approach and its goals and mechanisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Investigation of Environmental Impacts of Artificial Injection Aquifer Plan in Yazd Province (Case Study: Yazd - Ardekan Plain Sub Watershed)
Masoud Monavari Maryam Morovati AmirHesam Hassani Parvin Farshchi Zara RostaIran is a semi-dried country. Although the volume of surface water is high, lack of appropriate control of water sources has resulted water shortage. The plain of Yazd- Ardekan is located in the Yazd province, with an area of 11393 km2 and has a high volume of water con MoreIran is a semi-dried country. Although the volume of surface water is high, lack of appropriate control of water sources has resulted water shortage. The plain of Yazd- Ardekan is located in the Yazd province, with an area of 11393 km2 and has a high volume of water consuming for agricultural, industrial mineral and drinkable exploitation. The region contains Yazd, Ardekan, Meybod, Taft, Sadugh and Mehriz, has the most population of the province. Regarding several negative and positive environmental impacts of performing the development plants, studying the evaluation of environmental impact the method of Monavari 2001 has been used for evaluating the impacts of artificial injection plans in the plain of Yazd-Ardekan. In this Method physical, biological, socioeconomic and cultural environment values have been investigated. Expecting the impacts studied in two items of lack of performing the plan and performing the plan in the constructional and exploitation phases. According to the results, constructional phase and 117 positive impacts in operational phase, compared to the item of lack of performing the plan with 21 negative impacts in constructional phase and 74 positive impacts in operational phase showed that performing the plan in Yazd plain ofArdakan is possible by applying reformatory measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - An Environmental Pattern for Sustainable Urban Transportation Planning Using a Dynamics System Model
Mahdi Ostadi Jafari Amir Abbas RassafiAcceptance of a worldwide sustainable development strategy result is the need to design the relevant comprehensive measures. Furthermore، the inevitable complication in economical، social and environmental interactions and their effects on the society needs efficient ur MoreAcceptance of a worldwide sustainable development strategy result is the need to design the relevant comprehensive measures. Furthermore، the inevitable complication in economical، social and environmental interactions and their effects on the society needs efficient urban system models. The current study، utilizing a dynamics system model، presents an approach to simulate cause and effect relationships between transportation and those parts of the society that usually considered in sustainable development studies. A management scheme for Mashhad is suggested to improve environmental indicators by evaluating the forecasted 15 scenarios during the years 2009 to 2029. In this evaluation، increasing cost of energy contents and limitation for single occupancy vehicles، have the most environmental effects as well as the ability to minimize the growth of environmental measures during 20 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - A Survey of the Production of Paste Tailing in Agh-Darreh gold beneficiation complex and its Environmental Impacts
Sajad Haghir Chehreghani Hojat Hossein Zade Reza Samifard Aref AlipourTailings from metal mining operations were conventionally disposed of as slurry in an engineered surface impoundment near a mine-mill complex. Such disposal can lead to a variety of environmental and other hazards, such as dust generation, dam failure, and leakage. Addi MoreTailings from metal mining operations were conventionally disposed of as slurry in an engineered surface impoundment near a mine-mill complex. Such disposal can lead to a variety of environmental and other hazards, such as dust generation, dam failure, and leakage. Additional disadvantages may result from the requirement for large amounts of land with limited long-term beneficial use, as well as aesthetic impacts. Paste and thickened tailings technology is becoming recognized as an alternative for minimizing the engineering and environmental challenges commonly associated with the disposal of mineral wastes conventional tailings storage facilities. Paste is simply dewatered tailings with little or no water bleed that are non-segregating in nature. This paper focuses on some environmental and operational benefits associated with disposal of tailings in paste form. The environmental benefits of surface disposal of paste can be divided into two main categories; first, very little free water is available for generation of a leach ate, thereby reducing potential impacts on receiving waters and biological receptors. Second, the paste production technology allows for production of an engineered material by modifying the paste geochemistry in such a manner that environmental benefits result. Because of environmental risks related to gold beneficiation, a Paste Production and Storage Mechanism (PPSM) were installed in Agh-Darreh gold beneficiation complex. Research results are as follows: 34%reduction in tailing volume, 14% reduction in fresh water and required Sodium cyanide, 2 million U.S $ economic saving in construction of tailing dam, and decrease of environmental pollution of beneficiation complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - A Survey of Strategic Assessment Matrix of Noise Level Measurement and Installation of Wildlife Sing in Khojir National Park
Minoo Moshtaghie Mohammad kaboli Majid SiratiBackground and Objective: Environmental strategic assessments are appropriate solutions for reduction of unfavorable impacts caused by industrial activities. In this study, noise equal levels have been measured in Khojir national park. Since road construction activity i MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental strategic assessments are appropriate solutions for reduction of unfavorable impacts caused by industrial activities. In this study, noise equal levels have been measured in Khojir national park. Since road construction activity is necessarily being rendered for building Parchin road, providing some solutions to decrease the consequent adverse impacts are considered in this study. Method: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are measurable through environmental strategic assessment. Therefore, a descriptive questionnaire was used for weighting each mentioned parameter, and a specific coefficient was allotted to each level for engendering SWOT matrix. Finally, the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was quantified to determina the executive priorities. Results: The chart related to assessment of internal factors (strengths-weaknesses) expresses 3.03, which emphasizes the strengths. Assessment chart for external factors indicates 3.36, which illustrates opportunities domination in this region. Final analysis of strategic assessment shows five main objects which are preferred for executive program by weighting. St3, obtained to be about 5.83 for weight, has been preferred for executive program. St5, with a score of 0.68 for weight, has the least attraction and consequently remains at the last priority. Conclusion: Knowing that strategic situation matrix for noise pollution measurement in Khojir national park is in a preservation situation, mitigation of threats and weaknesses in this area shall be placed at the first priority to achieve the opportunities and to decrease errors in noise measurement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Investigation and determination of influential factors on small industries’ willingness to pay (WTP) in order to reduce the environmental pollutions (Case study: Sari County)
Hamid Amirnejad Hamed RafieeBecause of less supervision on small industries, environmental standards are applied in lower degrees and as a result, the environment will become comparatively more polluted. In this regards, 32 small industrial centers in city of Sari were investigated by cluster bran MoreBecause of less supervision on small industries, environmental standards are applied in lower degrees and as a result, the environment will become comparatively more polluted. In this regards, 32 small industrial centers in city of Sari were investigated by cluster branch sampling and contingent valuation method (CVM), and consequently, the effects of different variables on industries’ willingness to pay in order to reduce the environmental pollution were identified. Results of estimation showed that the higher effect in acceptation of bids is related to industries monthly income. By one percent of income growth, probability for acceptation of bids for environmental preservation was increased by 0.4124 units. In this study, variables such as industrial pollution, managers’ environmental information, managers’ level of education, indigenous managers, and industrial monthly income showed positive and significant effect in acceptation of bid for environmental preservation in the province. Conversely, variables of constant industries’ capital, number of industrial labors, and the amount of offered bid and average of salaries showed negative significant effect in this regards. By application of CVM estimation, annual and monthly WTP of small industries in order to preserve environment was estimated at 180842.55 and 2170110.60 Rials, respectively. Thereafter, these quantities can be used in taxation and persuasive guidelines towards the reduction of environmental pollutions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Investigation of Coagulation and Clotting Process of Purge of Environmental Pollutants of Paper Mill’s Wastewater
noshin birjandi Habibollah Yonesi Nader Bahramifar Mojtaba hadavifarIntroduction: Paper mill’s wastewater is the most pollutant industrial wastewaters. Theeffluent causes production sludge, scum formation and loss of aesthetic beauty in theenvironment. They also increase the amount of toxic substances in the water which causesdeat MoreIntroduction: Paper mill’s wastewater is the most pollutant industrial wastewaters. Theeffluent causes production sludge, scum formation and loss of aesthetic beauty in theenvironment. They also increase the amount of toxic substances in the water which causesdeath to the zooplankton and fish.Material and methods: The present research investigated the effect of coagulant of PACLfor reduction of the pollutants in paper mill wastewater. For reduction of the pollutants thequantity and quality of wastewater investigated.Results: This study showed that this wastewater has chemical oxygen demand (COD) =3523mg/l and turbidity= 872. In this test, parameters of turbidity, COD, total solid (TS), optimumpH and dosage of coagulant determined. According to data obtained from studies optimumpH and dosage of PACL were obtained to be 7, 785 mg/l, respectively.Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that coagulant of PACL could reduce90% of TS, 88% of COD and 93% of turbidity in paper mill wastewater Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Dam Projects By Using ELECTRE Technique
Saeed Malmasi Reza Arjmandi Roya Nezakati Zahra AllahdadBackground and Objective: Dam projects cause serious impacts on the surrounding environment. Therefore, in these sorts of projects, risk assessment of dams is one of the most important aspects of environmental risk management. The objective of present research is MoreBackground and Objective: Dam projects cause serious impacts on the surrounding environment. Therefore, in these sorts of projects, risk assessment of dams is one of the most important aspects of environmental risk management. The objective of present research is using one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making methods to make the managerial decisions for determining the most important identified risks and risks occurring prevention or reduction. Therefore, activities of construction and operation of Azad dam, which is located on Kumasi River in Kurdistan province, were investigated. Method: Firstly, environmental risks were identified using Delphi questionnaire method and based on their criteria including importance, severity, and probable occurrence. Then the aforementioned criteria of risks were weighted by using Entropy method. In the next stage, Elimination et Choice Translating to Reality (ELECTRE) method, one of the techniques of Multi Criteria Decision Making methods (MCDM), was used for ranking of probable risks. Findings: The results show that the most important risks of Azad dam are respectively including reduction of soil quality with the grade of 9, Kumasi River water contamination with the grade of 7 and intense reduction of organic matter and nutrients in Kumasi River flow at down side of the dam with the grade of 4. Discussion and conclusion: In this paper, environmental risk assessment of dam by using ELECTRE method to make the correct decision, making process for risk assessor and choosing the best alternative of a finite set of alternatives described in terms of evaluative criteria. Therefore, that, function of each risk was determined by ranking and create opportunity to decision maker for correct risk management and choosing the proper method for risk control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Investigation of environmental radioactivity of soils in Hoveizeh border region
Reza Pourimani Seyed Mohsen Mortazavi ShahroudiBackground and objective: Natural and artificial radioactive nuclei exist in water, soil, stone and air, and all humans are exposed to nuclear radiation. Some human activities, such as application of the weapons containing depleted uranium in wars or nuclear accidents, MoreBackground and objective: Natural and artificial radioactive nuclei exist in water, soil, stone and air, and all humans are exposed to nuclear radiation. Some human activities, such as application of the weapons containing depleted uranium in wars or nuclear accidents, cause an increased environmental radioactivity. Due to proximity of Hoveizeh region to the war zones in Iraq, it is important to study the radioactivity of soil in this region. Method: In this study, 10 soil samples were collected from Hoveizeh region near the Iraqi border. The specific activities of radionuclides were determined using the gamma ray spectrometry method employing a high purity germanium detector (HPGe), GCD30195 model with 30% relative efficiency. The radium equivalent activity, internal and external hazard indices (Hin and Hext) and radiological parameters and Pearson correlation coefficient among the values of radium, thorium and potassium were calculated. Findings: The mean specific activities of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in the soil samples were obtained as 34.09, 34.96, 34.84, 384.68 and 5.64 in Bqkg-1 respectively. The values of Hin and Hext in the samples varied from 0.37 to 0.49 and from 0.25 to 0.37, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient between 226Ra and 232Th was obtained as 0.59 showing a moderate correlation. Discussion and Conclusion: The average radium equivalent of the studied samples was obtained as 114.39 Bqkg-1 which is less than the world average value (131.69 Bqkg-1). All the quantities of radiological parameters were within the permissible level and close to the global average. No traces of depleted uranium were observed in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Assesment of Environmental Impact of the Project of Suggested Area for Burying Garbage on the Biological Environment of the City of Tehran
Sayed Masoud Moneavri Mohammad Reza Sadeghi Benis Atefe Isanazar FoomaniExpansion of pollution and increasing of different needs of human societies have raised solid waste productions. Daily average of 7,450 tons of solid waste production and a day-by-day decrease in the capacity of Kahrizak landfill bear, urge the need of a new site for th MoreExpansion of pollution and increasing of different needs of human societies have raised solid waste productions. Daily average of 7,450 tons of solid waste production and a day-by-day decrease in the capacity of Kahrizak landfill bear, urge the need of a new site for this purpose in the city of Tehran This problem, however, requires an Environmental Impact Assessment report at the feasibility and site selection study according to the approved decisions of the High Council of Environment. The proposed site with an area of 1000 hectares is situated at Hassan Abad Road, off Houshang Abad. This area is situated in the hydrological zone of Saveh – Zavieh. Shour River which is located 10 kilometers off the center of the proposed landfill. The soil in this area is Bazark type. The areas vegetation includes native species, which have been sampled during field work. There are rare and endangered species which have been determined. Inhabited Wildlife of the area and the endangered species have been determined. Application of the assessment was carried out by means of Monavari 2001 Method. By this method, the assessment has been considered for each of the construction and operation phases of a matrix. The results show the earthworks have most negative, significant and important impacts on plants and wildlife. There are most long term negative impacts on vegetations. There are no mitigation measures for reduction of vegetation destruction on the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Selection of the Strategies for Responding the Environmental Risks of Construction Projects by Metaheuristic Algorithms (Case Study: Saba Construction Complex Project)
Esmail cheraghi Mohammad Khalilzadeh Amir Pooya Cheraghi Yaser RahimiBackground and Objective: Usually uncertainty and risk are the inherent characteristics of implementing large projects. This uncertainty leads to a significant failure of most of the country's projects in achieving their predetermined goals. Most of the previous studies MoreBackground and Objective: Usually uncertainty and risk are the inherent characteristics of implementing large projects. This uncertainty leads to a significant failure of most of the country's projects in achieving their predetermined goals. Most of the previous studies have addressed environmental risk assessment. in this study a problem is proposed in the form of a linear integer programming optimization model to select appropriate risk responses to project risk with an environmental approach. Failure in accurately identifying the risks of construction projects, in addition to increasing the time and cost of final projects, leads to social, environmental and human damages. The aim of this study is to present a mathematical model for selecting the strategies to respond the environmental and occupational health risks according to IS0 14001-OHSAS 18001 standard of construction projects. Method: All environmental risks of the project are detected and a solution process is proposed using a mathematical model and NSGAII metaheuristic algorithm to obtain a more favorable strategy for responding the environmental risks of a building construction project with respect to time, cost and quality. Findings: The results showed that the appropriate strategies for responding the risks were chosen optimally and the risk management system in this project was properly implemented by applying the proposed mathematical model to the 10 significant environmental risks in the project identified by the FMEA method and the ISO 31000 standard which is related to 8 important and critical activities of the project based on the failure structure. Discussion and Conclusion: Selection of appropriate strategies for responding the risks of construction projects is one of the concerns of project stakeholders. For the first time, a metaheuristic algorithm was used to select the strategies for responding the HSE risk of construction projects. In Saba Tower, as a case study, all the risks affecting the environmental and occupational health debate were identified and appropriate risk response strategies were provided for each risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Technical-Environmental Economical Feasibility Study of Geothermal Heat Pumps
Farideh Atabi Seyed Mohammad Reza Heibati Setareh MehrkhouAbstractConsidering the scarcity of natural fossil energy and dispersion of pollutant gases from their products,it seems utilizing cheaper and cleaner energy sources such as geothermal energy are vital.One of the applications of geothermal energy is geothermal pumps. Th MoreAbstractConsidering the scarcity of natural fossil energy and dispersion of pollutant gases from their products,it seems utilizing cheaper and cleaner energy sources such as geothermal energy are vital.One of the applications of geothermal energy is geothermal pumps. The compressor of geothermalpumps utilizes the thermal energy of the earth to provide thermal load and hot water for the buildingsby consuming electricity. There are two most common geothermal heat pumps including a systemwith vertical and horizontal ground heat exchanger.In the present study, in ventilation calculations, the required thermal load of a typical four-story 12-unit residential building located in the East of Tehran was calculated separately based on the actualoperational data. Each story has an area of 565 square meters. According to the thermal properties ofsoil and the annual average temperature of the abovementioned area, the appropriate geothermal heatpump was selected. Subsequently, three scenarios were created through Perform software on the basisof the primary costs of purchase and installment of geothermal heat pump and its electricityconsumption. The cost-effectiveness of the studied system with that of the previous one was comparedtechnically, economically and environmentally on the basis of carbon credit costs in the world market.The results of this study indicate that the application of geothermal heat pumps decreases the totalemission of pollutants across implementing the project by 3759 tons of CO2 equivalent. Furthermore,67,000 giga joules of natural gas will be saved at the end of the project. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - The Effect of Informal Economic activities on Air Pollution Index (Environmental Kuznets Curve Estimation)
Amir Hossein Mozayani Niloofar Morad haselDecomposition of economic activities to formal and informal, the formal activities are those whichmonitored by official data and on the other hand the informal economic activities are those that aren'treflected through official statistics. They aren't transparent as muc MoreDecomposition of economic activities to formal and informal, the formal activities are those whichmonitored by official data and on the other hand the informal economic activities are those that aren'treflected through official statistics. They aren't transparent as much to be traced by authorities in spitetheir considerable volume. One of the main reasons that economic agents prefer to transform theirbusiness to informal part of economy is to avoid regulations such as: tax, duties, standards and etc.One of the main features of these regulations is environmental consideration (e.g. environmental taxand standards) which is sensibly important for industries. Especially for pollutant ones which areusually behave unofficially and their activities have much more degrading effects on environment.We are to study the effect of informal economic activities on environmental quality a cross countryapproach. We used a basic Kuznets model through panel data technique for 140 countries. The resultimplies a considerable impact of informal activities on environment not only in high income countriesbut in low and middle ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Evaluation of environmental instability indicators with emphasis on water, soil and noise pollutions using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Ahvaz metropolis
MohammadAli Firoozi Mostafa Mohammadi Deh Cheshmeh Jafar SaeediBackground and Objective: Cities are considered as the main factor causing instability in the world. In fact, according to the inherent complexity of cities in terms of environmental issues, identification of the main factors in achieving sustainability is necessary. Th MoreBackground and Objective: Cities are considered as the main factor causing instability in the world. In fact, according to the inherent complexity of cities in terms of environmental issues, identification of the main factors in achieving sustainability is necessary. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the indicators of environmental instability in Ahvaz metropolis with a focus on indicators of water, soil and noise pollutions. Method: This study is a descriptive-analytical one using an applied method. In this context, after explaining the concept of urban sustainability and urban instability and identifying relevant criteria, according to the study, the conversion of criteria to quantitative indicators was done and the index and sub-index in AHP model were prioritized. To perform spatial analysis of the data, GIS software was used and the most important explanatory factors to assess the environmental indicators of instability in Ahvaz, with emphasis on the index of water, soil and noise pollutions were studied. Findings: Findings showed that considering the water pollution index, five area with the impact of 0.327 had the the highest weight value among the urban areas while six areas with the impact of 0.033 had the lowest value than other areas with water pollution in Karun river. In terms of soil pollution, four areas with effect coefficient of 0.331 had the the highest rate of soil pollution, and eight regions with effect coefficient of 0.024 had the least pollution. In terms of noise pollution, the region with effect coefficient of 0.336 had the highest weight value among other regions, while eight regions with effect coefficient of 0.02 had the least pollution. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that Ahvaz is in unstable environmental conditions and its current environmental condition is significantly far away from sustainability criteria. With this interpretations of situation, awareness about ecological sustainability of urban areas and understanding of the situation could play an important role in improving the planning and optimal allocation of resources to improve people's welfare Urban sustainability, Environmental instability, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Ahvaz Metropolis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Determination of Nickel in Environmental Samples by Flotation Spectra-photometric Method using Dimethyl Glyoxime
Mohammad Hadi Givianrad Amir Hossein HaghighatyThis paper describes a simple and highly selective method for the separation, pre-concentration andspectra-photometric determination of low concentration of Nickel. The method is based on theflotation of complex of Ni2+ and dimethyl glyoxime between aqueous and n-cycloh MoreThis paper describes a simple and highly selective method for the separation, pre-concentration andspectra-photometric determination of low concentration of Nickel. The method is based on theflotation of complex of Ni2+ and dimethyl glyoxime between aqueous and n-cyclohexane interface atpH 7. The amount of nickel was measured by spectra-photometric method at 327 nm, after thedissolution of the complex in chloroform. For study of the performance of this method as a simple andfast method for the determination of nickel, some environmental samples like, industrial wastewater,seawater and river water were analyzed. Moreover, the accuracy of this method was verified throughdetermination of nickel in samples all over again by flame atomic absorption spectrometry technique.The result revealed the high efficiency of proposed method in trace analysis of nickel in complicatedenvironmental samples. Consequently, concerning the simplicity, economical and lack of harmfulorganic solvents, this method could be used in environmental and industrial laboratories as a routinemethod. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Technical, Economical and Environmental Feasibility Study of Urban Heating System Replaced with Geothermal Energy in IRAN
Younes Noorollahi Hossein Yousefi Ali Hossein Rezayan Hadi Farabi AslBackground and Objective: The exploitation of geothermal energy for environmental and regional heating is one of the most appropriate and the most common methods of direct use of the earth heat. Having decades of experience in vast regions of the world has provided usef MoreBackground and Objective: The exploitation of geothermal energy for environmental and regional heating is one of the most appropriate and the most common methods of direct use of the earth heat. Having decades of experience in vast regions of the world has provided useful information on how to execute geothermal projects and the obtained findings. Methods: This study has investigated the primary conducted measures to use geothermal energy directly. Then, using GIS and Iran’s geothermal atlas, it identifies cities located in geothermal areas. Afterwards, it has investigated the consumption of the main four energy carriers (Kerosene, crude, gas oil, and natural gas) in domestic, business, and public sections for heating use in the above said cities and finally, it evaluates the economic and environmental considerations obtained from heating system replacement fitting the geothermal energy. Findings: The results show that the exploitation of geothermal energy to heat buildings and domestic, business, and public spaces in cities located in geothermal areas will consume annually more than 378 million lit of Kerosene, 159 million lit gas oil, 64 million lit of fuel oil, and 1,370 million m3lit of natural gas which can be allocated to the exports and more than 725 million dollars can be accrued annually to the country. Calculations related to the cost of establishing the urban heating concentrated system has been conducted for Sarein and it was shown that the related amount almost costs 3.2 milliard toman and the amount of providing heating energy in each Kwh costs 107 toman. The return period of the capital in the current study has been estimated 3.5 (three and a half year). The decline level of fluid temperature passing through the transferor pipes and the output of the aforementioned system (considering reinjection into the earth and the heating loss of the fluid transferor pipes) have been estimated 3 centigrade and 46 percent, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Environmental Kuznets Curve Determination Using Simultaneous Equation System: A case study of Iran
Mahdieh Mosannen Mozafari Mahmoud Sabuhi2The experience of developed countries shows environmental pollution increases by increasing GDPper capita and there is a level of GDP that pollution will decrease. Relationship between GDP percapita and pollution could be shown by Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). In t MoreThe experience of developed countries shows environmental pollution increases by increasing GDPper capita and there is a level of GDP that pollution will decrease. Relationship between GDP percapita and pollution could be shown by Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). In this study, EKC wasestimated and the level of GDP per capita expected the pollution was decreased, and it was calculatedwith ARIMA model. Results showed that, pollution will decrease at 6,509,720 Rial of GDP per capita.Decreasing the current GDP per capita-20685870, 2002- will happen in 17 years time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Influence of Crop Pattern Correction on Reducing Fertilizer’s Effects of Agricultural Activities: A Case Study in Fars Province
Shahryar Nasabian Hamid Mohammadi Alireza KeikhaIn recent years, the increased effects of agricultural systems on the environment concerned scientistsand policy-makers in different countries. The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and use ofexcessive ground water are included in these effects. Current study u MoreIn recent years, the increased effects of agricultural systems on the environment concerned scientistsand policy-makers in different countries. The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and use ofexcessive ground water are included in these effects. Current study using a Multiple Goals Fuzzy Non-Linear Programming model, analyzed the possibility of ideals realization reducing consumption offertilizers and water in compromising with maximizing gross margin, minimizing risk of production,and increased social benefits goals in the crop pattern of three cities located in three major weatherRegions of Fars Province. Results showed that in many cases there isn't the possibility of completeideals realization in the multiple goals model in comparison with single goal patterns. But consideringthe outcome and the relevant weight assigned to each of the goals by the decision maker consisting ofthe Fuzzy Composite Distance Function, appeared that the crop patterns based on multiple goals aresuperior to current patterns and even single goal pattern in supply of multiple compromised ideals.Implementation of these models in study areas has significant influence on reducing water andfertilizer uses in addition increasing the gross margin, reducing risk and increasing employment oflabor in the region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Economic Valuation of Market Oriented Outputs for Environmental Sources in Arjan-Parishan Lake (With in Emphasis Aquatic Species)
Majid Abbasspour Zahra Abedi Majid Ahmadian Farzaneh ZafariAbstractEconomic valuation of the environmental resources is an instrument to familiarize people with theservices and products provided by ecological functions.This article reflects estimation of main findings of a research on Arjan Plain and Parishan Lake tovalue sever MoreAbstractEconomic valuation of the environmental resources is an instrument to familiarize people with theservices and products provided by ecological functions.This article reflects estimation of main findings of a research on Arjan Plain and Parishan Lake tovalue several goods and services provided by this natural site which is recognized as a protected area,based on market prices.After determining natural and socio – political boundaries of the zone, all environmental goods andservices have been identified. Then, questionnaires relevant to each goods and services have beenappropriately designed and filled to be analyzed by Eviews software in the further stage.Based on the final results, the value of fishing activity in the region has been calculated about 1597Milliard IR.Rials (168 Million Dollars); medicinal herbs 48 Milliard IR.Rials (5 Million Dollars);natural fruits 36 Milliard IR.Rials (3 Million Dollars), the forage 6957 Milliard IR.Rials (732 MillionDollars), and water 5694 Milliard IR.Rials (599 Million Dollars) for an annual period starting from2008.Accordingly, the total value of the functions and services computed for the region has been estimatedto be 24457 Milliard IR.Rials. (2574 Million Dollars) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Evaluation of Environmental Capability of Varjin Protected area for Implementation of Tourism by Using Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation Method (SMCEM)
Seyed Ali Jozi Sahar Rezaian Kaveh AghamiriVarjin Protected area is an estimated 26907 hectares of mountainous terrain located in Lavasanat and Roodbar Ghasran, districts in the Northeast of Tehran. Owing to its spectacular nature and its proximity to Tehran, Varjin protected area is considered to be an area wit MoreVarjin Protected area is an estimated 26907 hectares of mountainous terrain located in Lavasanat and Roodbar Ghasran, districts in the Northeast of Tehran. Owing to its spectacular nature and its proximity to Tehran, Varjin protected area is considered to be an area with rich potentials for implementation of Tourism. The present study was an attempt to carefully examine the environmental capability of the area to further its extensive and centralized applicability. To do so, after detecting the ecological resources of the protected area (scale 1/100000) the obtained data was introduced to Arc GIS 9.2 software. Since implementation and applicability of outdoor recreation necessitated synchronized evaluation of numerous criteria or variables, the study utilized spatial multi criteria evaluation method (SMCEM). And therefore, the initial attempts focused on preparation and standardization of the criteria maps. Fuzzy expert system and s-shaped functions were used for the purpose of the study. Overall, data were obtained through sixteen layers as criteria maps for extensive outdoor recreation capability evaluation and seventeen layers for spatial evaluation of centralized outdoor recreation. Using Expert Choice software, analytical hierarchy process was conducted to load the criteria in relation to the type of applications. Then, the mathematical relationship of the extensive and centralized outdoor recreation was extracted. To analyze land proportion for the development of the expected applications, combined loaded linear method was utilized and the final map of extensive versus centralized applications were represented on the criteria maps data. The results show that nearly 4641.46 hectares (approximately %17.25) of Varjin protected area has suitable extensive outdoor recreation implementation, while nearly 1915.78 hectares (approximately %7.12) has the ideal conditions for centralized outdoor recreation development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Localizing and Design for tourism village in "dare eshgh"
Gohar Frouzande Shahraky Esmaeel Kahrom Hassanali LaghaeeHuman being has made its own environment undesirable in cities by adverse changes on it, so in order to recreate, refresh and rest, mankind needs to get faraway to difficult accessible places. Nowadays tourism industry which is a human intrinsic need turns to one of the MoreHuman being has made its own environment undesirable in cities by adverse changes on it, so in order to recreate, refresh and rest, mankind needs to get faraway to difficult accessible places. Nowadays tourism industry which is a human intrinsic need turns to one of the important activities and economic indicator for countries and has played a highly important role in countrys national benefits in economical and cultural section. The "Dare eshgh" zone which is located in Chahrmahal- Bakhtiary province is one of the regions that has full potential for developing ecotourism. This region has capability for developing various tourism activities such as wild life, Canoe polo, mountain and rock climbing. Village and tribe tourism is another tourism potential of this area. In addition, this area is the origin and habitat of various herbal and animal species which increases the environmental sensitivity and importance of this area. Developing sustainable ecotourism needs establishment and planning comforting facilities. Also sensitive bio-factors such as soil, water, herbal resources, wild life, must be considered so the ecological potential of the land must be recognized by assessment and determine land suitability for preservation, recreation or other activities. In this research localizing tourism village is assessed based on Dr Makhdoms model and is performed by GIS instruments. Between areas that have tourist potential "Dare more" was recognized suitable for recreation activities. This area is over hanged to "Dre eshgh waterfall" which has the most important view of region- and accessible road. In addition most lands of this region has low slope. In order to increase ecotourism activities, some other facilities such as camping sites need to be placed. This area is introduced as recreation centre and as long as other potential ecotourism activities do not endanger the protection of the environment, can be considered as wide refreshing activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Assessment of Environmental impact of composting plant of Yazd city
Mohammad Panahandeh Niloofar Abedinzadeh Mokaram RavanbakhshCompost is one of the strategies of house hold solid wastes management that is used to decrease the volume and weight of wastes, odor and leach ate dispersion, resource recycles and decreasing disposal expenses. In order to observe environmental regulations in the frame MoreCompost is one of the strategies of house hold solid wastes management that is used to decrease the volume and weight of wastes, odor and leach ate dispersion, resource recycles and decreasing disposal expenses. In order to observe environmental regulations in the frame of adaptation development projects with environmental concerns, assessment of Environmental impact of composting plants has been delivered. In assessment of environmental impact of Yazd composting company, Questionnaire checklist, interaction matrix and weighting checklist have been used. Our field of observation shows that the nearest residential center to the plant is Yazd city and in other directions according to our visit and land use map, any ecological and economical factor in 7 km from site plant hasn been seen and the land of project is barren and sandy. Only effective factor is prevailing wind which blows from the west/east south. So there isn any hazard for residents of this part of Yazd city. Totally, action alternative with the average of +2.17 has higher score in contrast with non action alternative with the average of -8.13; hence, project is increasingly applicable with considering mitigation measures. According to the survey the long term effects of projects is related to the operation phase in cases of leach ate and probable penetration to ground water, health risk inside plant for staff and outside environment (insects and vermin), odor and contaminated products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Presentation of the Strategic Management Plan for Ecotourism Development in Gheshm Island by SWOT Method
Sahar Rezaian Seyed Ali Jozi Asma PirastehAbstractThis Study had been Carried out within the period of Feb. 2006 till Sep. 2007 to present the StrategicManagement Plan for Ecotourism Development in the biggest Island of Persian Gulf (Gheshm).In the first Step we started to identify the Natural resorts, Cultural MoreAbstractThis Study had been Carried out within the period of Feb. 2006 till Sep. 2007 to present the StrategicManagement Plan for Ecotourism Development in the biggest Island of Persian Gulf (Gheshm).In the first Step we started to identify the Natural resorts, Cultural heritage and infrastructure in thisisland which was followed considering Iran's Ecological model. we had tried to determine localpotentials and ecological capability of recreational resources to establish the intensive and extensiverecreation’s land use on the scale of 1/50000. 65 questionnaire had been filled in the highseason(March 2006) to predict the regional demand of local visitors via Klawson method .The strategic management plan of ecotourism development had been suggested via SWOT method.This method is based on external alternatives (Weakness, Strengths points) and internal alternatives(Opportunities and Threats) of the studied environment. The above mentioned items were identifiedusing Delphi method (Expert's Choice). The results showed despite rich resources in this island whichcan transform this island to recreational pole, the lack of infrastructure and advertisement andappropriate marketing, has placed this island in strategic situation. Based on this result and analysisfour strategies had been suggested , considering the technological, economical, social and culturalsituation during the operation time. This was called the Attractiveness mark in SWOT Method, theStrategy of using the settlement Facilities and Services by Gheshm development organization toprovide basic short time services to the local visitors which can be the first and most effective strategyto reach better situation at present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - The impact of Cultural Dimensions on Standards of Environmental Management (ISO14001) (The case of small and medium-sized industries within industrial group of Toos in Mashhad)
Fariborz Rahimnia Nasrim NikzadThis paper studies dimensions of organizational culture including organizational identity, groupcommitment, stable of social system and forming behavior on standards of environmentalmanagement like training, resources, labeling, policy and compulsive reaction within sma MoreThis paper studies dimensions of organizational culture including organizational identity, groupcommitment, stable of social system and forming behavior on standards of environmentalmanagement like training, resources, labeling, policy and compulsive reaction within small andmedium industries.The research population includes all managers of small and medium companies in industrial group ofToos in Mashhad. The 169 managers are chosen from standard managers among the manufacturingcompanies. The required data were collected by questionnaire. The reliability has been confirmed byChronbach about 96%. The results show that there is a significant correlation between dimensions oforganizational culture and standards of environmental management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Productivity Analyses of Iranian Power Plant with Environmental Criterion
Abdoulkarim Esmaeili Robab MohsenpoorIntroduction: Productivity of Iranian electric industry with environmental criterion is measured in this study. Material and Methods: Adjusted total factor productivity growth rate using Malmquist Index are calculated for 1981-2005. Result and Discussion: The result ind MoreIntroduction: Productivity of Iranian electric industry with environmental criterion is measured in this study. Material and Methods: Adjusted total factor productivity growth rate using Malmquist Index are calculated for 1981-2005. Result and Discussion: The result indicates that including the pollution abatement activities has a measurable effect on the productivity. Comparison of the productivity shows that the mean productivity with and without environmental criterion were 0.971 and 1.025, respectively. Statistical comparison of the mentioned productivity using Mann-Whitney test reveals that this difference is significant. So it is necessary to use environmental criteria for measuring efficiency and productivity in pollutant industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Identify and determine the key factors in the amount environmental impact of the green product using interpretative structural modeling approach(Case study: Industry of Sanitary Accessories of Qazvin)
Safar Fazli Roya ParhizkariAbstract Background and Objective: Nowadays production industries managers need to identify the key factors of green product life cycle stages until they can better assess the environmental impact of its products and produce the green product with less time and expense. MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Nowadays production industries managers need to identify the key factors of green product life cycle stages until they can better assess the environmental impact of its products and produce the green product with less time and expense. Therefore, the first objective of this study is the first to assess the effects of environmental factors on health products be identified in Qazvin province. Then, use the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) which were ranked. Method: The ISM method is a qualitative method that aims to identify and prioritize environmental impact of the product. Findings: The results of ranking and to investigate effective factors on the environmental effects resulting from production of green products showed that rinse is an autonomic criterion that has negligible penetrating power. Four criteria related to the construction and productions of the product are in the affiliated groups that have weak penetrating power, but the strong dependence to system. Also, the results showed that in assessment of green product environmental impact any criterion is not in connective criteria groups. In addition, the results showed that the criterion of chemicals, soap, recycling toxic substances, disposal of nontoxic substances and packaging are considered as the key criteria. Discussion and Conclusions: according to the results it is recommended that production industries managers health productsof Qazvin consider above five key criteria to reduce the environmental effects of products and with further carefully and study in selection of raw materials and recycling and disposal of waste material and also type and shape of packaging prevents from entering compatible health products with environment to the market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Determination of environmental water requirement of Miankaleh wetland
Sara Taghavi Kaljahi Borhan Reiazi Lobat TaghaviIntroduction:Miankaleh international wetland, located in Mazandaran province, is of high importance in terms ofmanagement of water resources and preserving the unique ecosystems and biodiversity. This studyattempts to determine the environmental water requirement of Mia MoreIntroduction:Miankaleh international wetland, located in Mazandaran province, is of high importance in terms ofmanagement of water resources and preserving the unique ecosystems and biodiversity. This studyattempts to determine the environmental water requirement of Miankaleh wetland.Materials and Methods:Two major sources of water supply for upper basin of Miankaleh wetland, including Siyah Ab andQuz Mahaleh rivers, were chosen to determine the environmental water requirement. First, theduration curve method (hydrological method) was used to determine the environmental flow of therivers. Then, the comprehensive approach was used to survey the abundance of aquatic bird speciespopulation and their dependence on water. Using a combination of these two methods, theenvironmental water requirement of the wetland was estimated at the estuary of the rivers feeding it.Results and Discussion:The results indicate that, based on duration curve method, the minimum input flows from Siyah Aband Quz Mahaleh rivers to Miankaleh wetland were 0.578 and 0.054 m3/s respectively. Moreover,considering the aquatic birds in the comprehensive approach, the minimum input flows from Siyah Aband Quz Mahaleh rivers to the wetland were estimated to be 2.163 and 0.099 m3/s respectively.Miankaleh wetland can be preserved in a good condition (Q75) by maintaining the minimum inputflows from to it. Moreover, by maintaining the minimum input flows of about 0.325 and 0.015 m3/sfrom Siyah Ab and Quz Mahaleh rivers respectively, the wetland is preserved in a relatively goodcondition (Q90). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Study of the structure and function of Non-governmental Environmental organizations and their roles in urban development process of Tehran province
Akramolmolouk Lahijanian Reza Arjmandi Naser Moharramnejad Mojtaba Jamshidi DeljooNon-governmental Environmental organizations are the centers that can conduct people participating in environment preservation and concentrating group and individual efforts to increase its productivity. Non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province in MoreNon-governmental Environmental organizations are the centers that can conduct people participating in environment preservation and concentrating group and individual efforts to increase its productivity. Non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province in recent years have had a little considerable growth, but qualitative growth of this organization couldn’t have a high curve like quantitative growth and as a result causes of these affairs should be studied. In order to increase the amount of participation of non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province of urban development process, recognition of effective factors on the growth and development of these organizations through a scientific research which is considered a Study, laid the foundations of the goal of execution of this research. Studied Samples in this research were 80 managers and 185 members of Non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province 265 persons in total. Summing up points of views of these managers and members of organizations concluded that these organizations are effective in urban development process. But this impressiveness is limited and not very considerable and impressiveness of activities is not conformed to real goals of these organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Bioremediation of soil contaminated with light crude oil using Fabaceae family
Bahareh Lorestani Rashin Noori Nasrin KulahchiSoil pollution by petroleum compounds is one of the most common environmental problems, which causes soil contamination during extracting, transferring and refining. Bioremediation is an economic technology that makes use of plants to reduce oil pollution in soil. The a MoreSoil pollution by petroleum compounds is one of the most common environmental problems, which causes soil contamination during extracting, transferring and refining. Bioremediation is an economic technology that makes use of plants to reduce oil pollution in soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate growing ability of Lathyrus sativus, Lens culinaris, Trigonella foenum and Glycyrrhiza glabr of the Fabaceae family in the soil contaminated with light crude oil. Also potential oil removal from soil by these species through bioremediation was shown. In this study, after examining the developmental stage of 4 samples of Fabaceae plant family, potential of removing hydrocarbons from the soil contaminated by light crude oil with different concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4%) at 40 days in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was investigated. The result shows that the maximum possibility of pollution reduction is in lathyrus sativus with 73.3% in sample (1%) and the minimum possibility of pollution reduction is in Trigonella foenum with 38.6 in sample (4%). Moreover, Person's correlation coefficient showed that by increasing dry weight of the plant, the amount of pollution reduction in the soil increases. Given the acceptable performance of oil pollution cleanup by these species and economic saving as compared to other methods, the use of this method is recommended for the contaminated areas in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill, Semnan, Iran
Niloofar Abedinzadeh Mokaram Ravanbakhsh Tooba AbediAbstractIntroductionDue to inaccurate and irregular development of cities, lack of proper consumption patterns andincreasing growth and production of solid waste and also problems and disorders of solid wastemanagement system, the most logical and most cost-effective me MoreAbstractIntroductionDue to inaccurate and irregular development of cities, lack of proper consumption patterns andincreasing growth and production of solid waste and also problems and disorders of solid wastemanagement system, the most logical and most cost-effective method for municipal solid wastedisposal is sanitary landfill. This method is a specific engineering operation which is done by solidwaste disposal with minimal health and environmental risks using daily soil cover, creatingimpenetrable layer on the bottom of Landfill to prevent leakage of Leachate and contamination ofgroundwater, leachate collection system and use of layer of sand to control the methane gas. The areaunder study includes total Semnan city with 2291 km2 area. It is located between geographicalcoordinates 34 degrees, 14 minutes and 36 degrees, 11 minutes of north latitudes and 52 degrees, 46minutes and 54 degrees, 11 minutes of east longitudes. The proposed location for construction ofsanitary landfill of Semnan is 25 acres of land which is located 20 km southeast of Semnan.Material and methodIn this paper environmental impact assessment of municipal solid waste sanitary - Engineering landfillof Semnan city and comparing it with not to execute alternative (current landfill) by using a fastmatrix has been done and Parameters have been evaluated on the basis of defined criteria.ResultsResults show that adverse effects resulting from construction activities and operation are in low andvery low level and the positive consequences are at low and medium groups. Soil and air pollution arethe most important environmental problems and creating green spaces, employment, increasingincome, satisfaction of local communities, increasing health indicators are the most desirableenvironmental factors of project. According to the results, sanitary landfill of solid waste in Semnan atthe proposed site with regards to high potential design to solve the health problems in accordance withthe reform options in order to protect air and soil and it is evaluated totally as positive action and willbe permitted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Examining Effect of Air Pollution on Health Expenditure in Selected Countries
Parvaneh Salatin Sahar EslambolchiBackground and Purpose: Air pollution is one of the environmental problems in recent years and development of societies and industrialization and technological progress has become a serious threat to the mankind. Air pollution causes the spread of disease and subsequent MoreBackground and Purpose: Air pollution is one of the environmental problems in recent years and development of societies and industrialization and technological progress has become a serious threat to the mankind. Air pollution causes the spread of disease and subsequently more health care fund is needed in communities. This problem has imposed an economic burden on the society and government channels such as improvement of health indicators and increased human capital and labor productivity and it is followed by economic growth. Nowadays many countries recognized the importance of environmental issues and they lay down some rules and as the result the risks of this issue at the national level or international agreements have been set. Analysis Method: It is an applied research and the method of the study is causation and the method of research and its modality is based on presumption. Results:The main purpose of this article is investigate the relationship between the level of effectiveness of air pollution as an indicator of environmental quality and Health Expenditure as an indicator of Health Economics in selected middle income countries and countries with the highest air pollution by using panel data. The results of the estimated model using Fixed Effects among the selected countries for period 2000-2012 illustrates that the effect of air pollution on Health Expenditure is significant and positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Comparison of Effectiveness of NOAA and IMO Methods for Identification of Environmentally Sensitive Areas in Coastal Areas of Sistan and Balochestan Province along the Gulf of Oman
Lida Davar Afshin DanehkarCoastal areas are the confluence of interaction between earth, large bodies of water and atmosphere. It is constantly affected by natural motion and human interference in the balance of nature. Generally speaking, everywhere in the world coastal areas are ve MoreCoastal areas are the confluence of interaction between earth, large bodies of water and atmosphere. It is constantly affected by natural motion and human interference in the balance of nature. Generally speaking, everywhere in the world coastal areas are very resourceful and provide better condition for human habitat, and therefore, attract human populations and become centers for civic developments. As a result of excessive use, and in some cases abuse of the resources by human beings, adverse conditions develop and cause a decline in coastal areas ecosystem such as; mangroves, coral reefs, cliffs, beaches, tidal flats and estuaries. Such condition makes it imperative to draw urgent attention for protection and rehabilitation of coastal areas. In current research the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) of NOAA and the Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) method of IMO were applied to the region under consideration. These methods are credible and worldly accepted for such investigations, in particular where pollutant source include petrochemical materials. The result of study utilizing Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices of the Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) way of analysis indicated that both methods produce acceptable results with scores above 3.0. However, weighted scores of NOAA method, using both IFE and EFE matrices, came out somewhat higher than those for IMO method, and considered better choice for application in the coastal areas of Siatan and Baluchestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Solid wastes separation considering environmental economic aspects: technical vs. traditional system (case study: Tehran district 20)
Hassan Karimzadegan Seyed Masoud Monavari Reza Naghavi Afsaneh HassaniSolid wastes separation at the source of production --"producer source separation plan"-- has been carried out since 1374 in the districts of Tehranwith various methods to increase recycling efficiency. District 20 ofTehran is one of the districts that attempted to impl MoreSolid wastes separation at the source of production --"producer source separation plan"-- has been carried out since 1374 in the districts of Tehranwith various methods to increase recycling efficiency. District 20 ofTehran is one of the districts that attempted to implement these projects at that time. In this district, about 70% of the recycling has been performed through the traditional system and 30% through the technical system since 1383. The present study aimed to compare the two methods considering environmental economic aspect. To this end, the Solid Wastes Separation Plan was implemented inTehran district 20 in the year 1384. The results revealed that the project’s profits, consistent with the technical and administrative system in the first year of implementation (1384), turned out to be negative, but the profits of dry solid wastes collected through the traditional system were positive. In the years 1385 and 1386 (the second and third years of implementation), 50% and 100% of the households were included in the producer source separation plan, respectively. Moreover, the project’s profits in 1385 and 1386 were estimated to be 1.6 % and 3.3% higher than that of 1384, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Management Development of Green Spaces of Civic Urban Views and Presentation of Conceptual Model of Environment (Case Study of Sayyad Shirazi Highway Region 4& 7 of Tehran)
Akramolmolook Lahijanian Majid MahnamAbstractVertical green space development design of martyr Sayyad Shirazi Highway which encompassesregions four and seven of Tehran Municipality was the aim of this case study.The kind of this descriptive study is measurement kind. In the structure of comprehensive desig MoreAbstractVertical green space development design of martyr Sayyad Shirazi Highway which encompassesregions four and seven of Tehran Municipality was the aim of this case study.The kind of this descriptive study is measurement kind. In the structure of comprehensive design ofthe highway civic environment quality, considering the structures of two sides of the highway, 9 zoneswere established and then designing of the green space was done according to the suitability of theplants specifications for each sector. Next step was dispatching questionnaire amongst residents ofSayyad Shirazi’s highway margins, between zone 4 and 7. This questionnaire was set based on fivedegree Likert scale production and includes 22 closed questions which are 5 choices and 5 open ones.Based on the researches’ aims, three hypotheses were set and analyzed by S.P.SS and Excel software.of this research were resulted as below:1- First Hypothesis: Creating vertical and non-vertical green spaces in city axels and Highwaysand also Buildings’ views will help to enrich the quality of environment. Variants of thisresearch were united at a meaningful level and the first hypothesis was approved.2- Second Hypothesis: developing per head green space in region 4 and 7 causes beautificationof urban view. This hypothesis was approved considering its variants and unity index.3- Third Hypothesis: Performing Vertical and non-vertical green spaces will result municipaldevelopment. This hypothesis was approved by its unity at a meaningful level.Diversity of the plants should be used in designs and it is better to consider different colors of theplants in different times of the year of their creeping. In order to reach to this stage, the design ofbuildings should be rational and suitable with the structure of the soil and the land which the buildingis constructed on it to plant suitable flower and trees. Also water and light can be used to enhance thequality of the design.Garrisons’ walls are not suitable to sow plants as they are not built in suitable lands. Different designsshould be considered for minor buildings in the highway and the difference between different levels ofthe lands will help to enrich these designs. Using different elements such as green mass and volume,tree, bush, wayfarer plant and other similar material are advised to be used for this purpose. Based onprevious and present experience using rooted in soils plants is advised as they are much more resistantagainst cold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Valuation of Ecotourism in Order to Preserve the Outdoor Recreation and Promenade of Shirkooh of Yazd Zone
Mohammadreza Zare Mehrjerdi Maryam ZiaabadiIntroduction: This research has studied to determinate the value of preservation of Shirkooh zone andadjacent outdoor recreation villages and measured the individuals willingness to pay (WTP) forpreservation profits of this zone.Material and Method: Logit model was used MoreIntroduction: This research has studied to determinate the value of preservation of Shirkooh zone andadjacent outdoor recreation villages and measured the individuals willingness to pay (WTP) forpreservation profits of this zone.Material and Method: Logit model was used for measuring of individual's willingness to pay andestimation parameters of the model are based on method of maximum likely hood (ML).Result and Discussion: The results showed that 79.1% individuals have the willingness to pay forpreservation of this zone. In this study, the mean of WTP for preservation value of this zone is31250 Ir. Rials per month per household. Therefore Shirkooh promenade zone has considerablepreservation value and this value, policy and decision persuades the suitable preservation of this zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Environmental Planning at the Scale of Local Landscape (Case Study: Fordo Rural District)
Negar Tayebzadeh Leila Roozbehani Shahrzad FaryadiIntroduction: Attention to environmental planning is necessary when the density of growth in someparts of the national territory which is causing inconsistency and two major adverse results: irregularmigration urban and rural population from other parts of the country t MoreIntroduction: Attention to environmental planning is necessary when the density of growth in someparts of the national territory which is causing inconsistency and two major adverse results: irregularmigration urban and rural population from other parts of the country towards development center andalso retardation of other parts of the country.The purpose of this study is the environmental planning at the scale of local landscape to develop andenhance the quality of material and spiritual life of people in Fordo rural district.Materials and Methods: In this study, environmental planning for Fordo rural district carried out byusing planning process method and Geographic Information System. This Process done in three steps:Identifying rural district, analysis of the interaction between natural and man-made elements andcomposition, including (outlining the vision, goals and operational and developing solutions).Results: For each of the three environmental, economical, social and human made factors, solutionswere expressed. As restrictions on development, some of the lands were used to develop access andbuild facilities and etc. Ultimately final plan of the physical spaces of Fordo rural district wasprovided in the form of a map.Conclusions: For harmonious and balanced development of regions in the whole country, planningprocess method is an efficient and useful method and provides solutions to development and plans andspatial and physical plans. Also, the use of GIS tool in various stages of study leads to more accurateresults and plans. The principles of this study can be used in environmental planning and regionalplanning, proportional to the ecological potential of region to guide changes in accordance with thepotential and limitations of the natural and human environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Study of Environmental Impact of Minab Esteghlal Dam in Operation Phase Using a Combination of Modified and ICOLD Methods
Seyed Ali Jozi Leila Hosseini Ali DehghaniBackground and Objective: Minab Esteghlal dam, with a capacity of 350 million m2 and an efficient capacity of 270 million m2, is a stable-weight-concrete dam which is constructed on Minab river at the distance of 4 km from the east of Minab township with a geographic lo MoreBackground and Objective: Minab Esteghlal dam, with a capacity of 350 million m2 and an efficient capacity of 270 million m2, is a stable-weight-concrete dam which is constructed on Minab river at the distance of 4 km from the east of Minab township with a geographic longitude of 57° and 4′ and a geographic latitude of 27° and 9′. This dam was established in 1993 to supply the drinking water for Bandar Abbas and to provide water for 14670 hectares of downstram lands in Minab and for industry, flood control and artificial nutrition purposes. Method: This study is carried out to analyze the environmental impacts caused by operation of the dam. After collecting the basic data and field survey of the site and the dam reservoir, a list of environmental resources being affected was prepared. The study area was also determined in the from of individual environment under the direct and indirect impacts. Then, the required maps for the site, stations, ground cover, etc, were provided in the GIS environment. Water sampling was accomplished in warm and dry and warm and humid seasons, and water samples were carefully examined. In order to predict the dam impacts, a special method of assessment called ICOLD was conducted. After determining all the impacts, since this method is a qualitative method, a modified method was used to mark and interprete the impacts. Results: The results of this study showed that Esteghlal dam had a positive impact on biologic and socio-economic environments and had the scores of +207.5 and +329.25, and had a negative impact of -242 on physico–chemical environment. At the end, some recommendations to eliminate the negative impacts caused by operation of the dam, including decrease of deposit input to the river via constructing som dams at the upperhills before Esteghlal dam, and propagation of biological methods instead of applying fertilizer to defeat the agricultural pests were suggested. The proper environmental management of Minab watershed is bound to careful implementation of these suggestions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Problems and challenges facing the development of international environmental
Alireza Javadi Seyed-Abbas Poorhashemi Shirin ShirazianInternational environmental law as a branch of public international law is developed through the codification and implementation of legally binding and non-binding rules developed by the international community in recent decades in terms of content, form and structure. MoreInternational environmental law as a branch of public international law is developed through the codification and implementation of legally binding and non-binding rules developed by the international community in recent decades in terms of content, form and structure. However, despite international efforts to protect the environment, environmental challenges not only still exist, but also it has increased significantly in many areas. In fact, today's environmental concerns and threats are beyond the predictions of the experts and the scientists at the Stockholm 1972 of the First International Conference on humans and the environment. Ozone depletion, climate change, air pollution, water and soil, loss of biodiversity, deforestation and desertification are the most important problems confronting humanity today. This research by adopting a critical approach aims to study in addition to existing capacity for the development of international environmental law, to deal with the obstacles and shortcomings and to review legal and administrative gaps, provide recommendations such as internationalization of environmental protection, substantive review and structural review in these matters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Lime Materials Using in Iranian Vernacular Architecture; The Code of Environment Protection
Mohammad Sadegh Taher Tolou Del Saeed AzematiMaterials used in traditional and local architecture in Iran derived from their deployment environment and are provided the necessary compatibility with the environment. Analysis of the use of such materials in buildings, on the one hand reduce the natural resources use MoreMaterials used in traditional and local architecture in Iran derived from their deployment environment and are provided the necessary compatibility with the environment. Analysis of the use of such materials in buildings, on the one hand reduce the natural resources use and other energy resources saving during the production process materials, traditional buildings and the construction and maintenance stages of protection and restoration of such buildings will provide. This article is thoroughly compatible encoding used traditional materials in Iran, the vernacular architecture of limestone and lime-based mortar, including the cheap materials, easy collection, availability, and would reveal durable building. In this study on the related experiences of others and the results of mechanical tests on clay soil mixed with lime and analysis of the mentioned results; technical, economic or executable practice of using lime in the construction of new buildings and even local Iran has been approved. Patterns can be as a results from getting the technical message predecessors and taking advantage of new technologies associated with new products industries causing lime to make optimal rate consumption of natural resources and energy saving. We are able to material produced reversible resorting in nature unlike industrial cements; even with the capture carbon dioxide from industrial production of construction can the greenhouse effect of air pollution in the environment and abilityto reduce destructive effects of acidy rain in the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - The Analysis of the Environmental Awareness of Trustee Managements and the Solution Provided in Protection of Green Turtles (Cheloniamydas) and Egg Laying Nests of the Coastal Areas of Chabahar
Samaneh dalirboostansaraei Maryam larijani Mahmood sinaeiBackground and Objective: Green turtle species (Cheloniamydas) is included in the IUCN organization’s category of protected species. In the issue of preserving the environment and especially the protection of this endangered species, there is more beneficial inves MoreBackground and Objective: Green turtle species (Cheloniamydas) is included in the IUCN organization’s category of protected species. In the issue of preserving the environment and especially the protection of this endangered species, there is more beneficial investment than educating enhancing public awareness and making a wake conscience in society about the nature and existence of such sources. In the current research the level of environmental awareness of trustee managements considering their importance including fisheries experts, natural resources and the environment of the Chabahar in the protection of the green turtle(Cheloniamydas) have been reviewed. Methods: The research method is descriptive- inferential statistics and the information has been collected to form field. The community consists of 108 numbers of experts in fishery, natural resources and environment offices as trustee management environment were chosen. The research tool was self-made questionnaire that its validity confirmed by group of professors and its sustainability according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient 78% was calculated. Questionnaires data analysis using SPSS software is done in two forms of descriptive and inferential. Result: the results show the awareness of trustee management in five fields including eco-biology and the importance of green turtle species, all kinds of threats for the green turtle, the necessity and urgency of green turtle conservation and it’s environmental status ,the role of individuals in protection of turtles and the desire to contribute in training and protection programs and the necessity of holding educational programs is high but the awareness of fishery and natural resources experts in macro-environment politics is very low. Conclusion: The formulation of appropriate laws and regulations in the field of the protection of endangered species and the optimal implementation of the existing rules of the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in the level of knowledge an awareness in the field of the protection of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) are essential. According to experts in the field creating and supporting the public organizations (NGO) in the town are preferred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Investigating the effect of economic policies of government on environmental quality in elected countries
MohammadReza Shahab Seyede Marvehi NaserSadrabadIntroduction:The process of economic development and set of economic policies in recent decades have changedthe environmental challenges to one of the most important concerns of policy makers. Therefore,investigating the role and impact of the economic policies of the g MoreIntroduction:The process of economic development and set of economic policies in recent decades have changedthe environmental challenges to one of the most important concerns of policy makers. Therefore,investigating the role and impact of the economic policies of the government on environmental qualitycan be very important.Material and Methods:In this study, the effect of government’s policies on environmental quality in 7 countries of Iran,Syria, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia in the Middle East and North of Africa (MENA)during 2007-1997 was investigated in the form of econometric models using panel data. Theenvironmental quality, based on the amount of air pollutants as one of the important indicators ofenvironmental pollution, was studied, and carbon dioxide emission and aerosols concentration wereconsidered as the variables indicative of air pollution.Results and discussion:The results show that depending on the type of index selected for the environmental quality,government's economic policies can have a direct and positive relationship with air pollutants. Indeed,the findings emphasize that investment of government is an important and influential variable indetermining the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the studied countries, and has put a positiveimpact on increase of carbon dioxide emissions. However, this result is not confirmed in the case ofaerosols. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Conservation and Sustainable Use of Soil and Its Stand in International Environmental Law
Parisa Tahoori Mohammad Reza ParvinThe soil is an earth's limited natural resource and considered as the most important part of environment after water and air. The special roles of soil in climate change, land degradation, food security and ecosystems are respectively subjects to UN Convention on Climat MoreThe soil is an earth's limited natural resource and considered as the most important part of environment after water and air. The special roles of soil in climate change, land degradation, food security and ecosystems are respectively subjects to UN Convention on Climate Change, UN Convention on Combating Desertification and the Convention on Biological Diversity as binding sources of international environmental law. In order to study present or future opportunities and challenges in the field of soil conservation in international environmental law, and to explore required principles for elaborating an effective special legal system for sustainable use of soil, in this paper has been compared and analyzed binding/non-binding treaties related to natural resources conservation in global or regional levels. Implemented studies within international environmental law instruments show that different approaches adopted on soil conservation and lack of integrity in its` required actions, have caused non-efficiency of the present instruments to preserve and sustainable use of soil with regards to all specific characteristics and functions. Therefore, establishing a comprehensive and special international legal system for conservation, management and sustainable use of soil seems to be necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Evaluation of awareness, attitude and action of Amirkabir University of Technology students on general aspects of environment
Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghadam Reza Maknoon Ata Babazadeh naseri Mohammad Reza Khanmohammadi Hzeveh Yunos Eftekhari YeganeThe aim of this study was to evaluate awareness, attitude and action of Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT) students on general aspects of environment. A questionnaire was designed and 75 students were asked to fill it. The results of this research showed that envi MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate awareness, attitude and action of Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT) students on general aspects of environment. A questionnaire was designed and 75 students were asked to fill it. The results of this research showed that environmental issues are the last option of the students in compared with the other issues. The obtained results also showed that knowledge of the mechanical engineering department students on general aspects of environment were relatively higher. It is nessecary to improve level of general environmental knowledge of university students in Iran. For example, a course of “environmental science and technology” is suggested to be set as a part of every academic curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Islamshahr Town Environmental-Legal Problems’ Evaluation
Naser Ghasemi Vali ollah mohammadiIntroduction: Migration, population increase and industrializing of mentioned county (Islam Shahr)without noticing to the environmental capability and evaluation, caused environmental pollution andsocial raucousness in this city. In addition, by the population increase, MoreIntroduction: Migration, population increase and industrializing of mentioned county (Islam Shahr)without noticing to the environmental capability and evaluation, caused environmental pollution andsocial raucousness in this city. In addition, by the population increase, water consumption increases aswell. So we will face decreasing of the agricultural water and farms dehydration in one hand, andincreasing the pollution of fresh water and decreasing county’s freshwater because of the sewage andits discharge to underground water table on the other hand.Material & Method: Environmental rights are important tools for supervision, management andcontinuous development. These rights are affective in policy determining and environmentalprotection affairs and rational /continuous using of natural environment. We can move based on publicopinions and governmental support alongside with internal rules and statutes and bureaucracy revisionto increase the quality of environmental management. In addition, constraints and prohibitions stateinstructions issues and pollutant units’ penalties and other rules can be used as management tools tohelp environmental retain and pollutant decrease.Result & Discussion: Industrializing of the county causes population urbanization increasing, naturalrecourses damage, rising consumption rate change and environmental pollution as well as losing lifequality and misbalancing the county’s environment. As the population has increased from 1000 peoplein 1961 to 500,000 persons at present, it created the environment such problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Studying Impact of Increase in Water Usage Efficiency on Cropping Pattern Change with Emphasis on the Policy Makers and Environmental Objectives in Fars Province
Hamid Mohammadi Alireza Sargazi Valiollah SaraniBackground and Objective: Low water use efficiency, in addition to wasting scarce water resources, also increases water flow and environmental pollution. Analyzing the effect of increasing water use efficiency can be a useful tool for policy makers. This study aimed to MoreBackground and Objective: Low water use efficiency, in addition to wasting scarce water resources, also increases water flow and environmental pollution. Analyzing the effect of increasing water use efficiency can be a useful tool for policy makers. This study aimed to analyze the effects of increasing irrigation efficiency among farmers in Fars province. Method: In this study, multi-objective planning approach was used. Findings: Result showed that Impact of increased irrigation efficiency on cropping pattern and producer's objectives including gross margin and risk as well as its impact on environmental aspects including water and chemical fertilizer use was studied. Employment is also another objective. Regarding the multidimensional impacts, multi objective programming was applied. Discussion and Conclusion: Scenario analysis showed that increase in irrigation efficiency increases gross margin, chemical fertilizer use and diversity in cropping plan. However, it failed to incorporate in risk reduction. It was also found that increase in irrigation efficiency dose not increase employment. In general, the society will be benefited from improvement in irrigation efficiency if the increase of gross margin is considered as the main goal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the execution of Forest Principles in the northern forests of Iran
Naser Moharamnejad Amir MafiDuring the earth summit in 1992, countries developed a series of principles for sustainable exploitation of forests. These principles are the first global consensus on sustainable forest use; however, they are not legally binding. The present study aims to determine the MoreDuring the earth summit in 1992, countries developed a series of principles for sustainable exploitation of forests. These principles are the first global consensus on sustainable forest use; however, they are not legally binding. The present study aims to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the execution of Rio Forest Principles in Caspian forests, northern forests ofIran, from 1992 to 2002. This goal was pursued through studying forest developments as well as analyzing the schemes performed by theIranianForest, Rangeland and Watershed Management Organization against Forest Principles. As the authority of Caspian forests, this organization performs many schemes and projects to conserve, preserve and recover forests. The results of the study show that this organization has achieved set standards in this regard. Statistics show that there has been a growth in the number of rangers and in the equipment for the protection of Caspian forests; however, the figures regarding the occurrences of fires, log smuggling and overgrazing prove that such growth has not been sufficient. Persistence of livestock in the forests, persistence of scattered pastoral households, depletion of forest area, lack of non-log production, lack of participation on the part of the young generation and women, log smuggling and unwise log exploitation, lack of NGOs awareness of Forest Principles, and lack of attention to the customs, culture and knowledge of the local community are among the weaknesses and threats of executing Forest Principles in the country’s northern forests. Meanwhile, efficient performance of schemes pertaining to recovering and protecting forests and forest utilization under the supervision of Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Management Organization of Iran, persistence of plenty of environmental NGOs in Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, existence of a national equivalent for Forest Principles, cooperation of forest residents who deal with forest utilization, and courses for forest users and watershed residents are some of the strengths and opportunities of executing Forest Principles in the northern forests of Iran. Considering the above-mentioned issues, the following managerial approaches are proposed: to improve public efficiency (public participation); to increase international participation in forest management (technical and financial cooperation); to improve local educational plans in order to emphasize environmental considerations; to improve environmental and natural resources institutes; and to establish environmental database. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - A Study of Gender and Environmental Attitude (Case study: Urmia)
Sadegh Salehi Afshar Kabiri Sara KarimzadehIntroduction: In recent years environmental issues have received greater attention within academic circles and society and the environment has become a major social issue for larger numbers of people than ever before. So the role of gender in environmental orientation i MoreIntroduction: In recent years environmental issues have received greater attention within academic circles and society and the environment has become a major social issue for larger numbers of people than ever before. So the role of gender in environmental orientation is emphasized. Among various theories of the environmental sociology eco-feminism theory argues that there is a difference in environmental attitudes and behavior in favor of women. Goal: This study will investigate whether a potential difference of environmental attitudes between men and women could be explained by eco-feminism theory? Method: In this research، environmental attitude has been evaluated based on the Dunlap and Van-Liere (1978) scale. Methodologically survey method was applied with cluster sampling method to choose the samples. The main tool for collecting data was questionnaire. Results: Overall, the results showed that surveyed samples received a high score in environmental attitudes and gender has not a significant influence on people’s environmental attitudes. Hence eco-feminism theory that focuses on the further supporting of women towards environmental issues was not confirmed experimentally. This could be due to the absence of differences in the socialization of men and women in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd and their distribution in the urban environment of Kerman, Iran
Mohammad Ali Hamzeh Mohammad Mirzaee Hossein MozaffariThis study investigated the concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in the urban areas of the city of Kerman to find out whether the measured concentrations of heavy metals in soil, rocks, surface and ground waters and sediments can be related to anthropogenic contamination MoreThis study investigated the concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in the urban areas of the city of Kerman to find out whether the measured concentrations of heavy metals in soil, rocks, surface and ground waters and sediments can be related to anthropogenic contamination or natural weathering of rocks. Heavy metal concentrations in these samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. These concentrations were compared with environmental investigation limits. The fresh rocks (limestone) contain relatively low concentrations of heavy metals as shown by background values. This study revealed that soil of Kerman is anomalously rich in some heavy metals. The accumulation of these contaminants is likely to accelerate as a consequence of rapid traffic as well as economic and industrial growth in the urban environment of the city. The characteristics of environmental geochemistry cycle are related to the pH range of rainwater (pH=6.8), high lead and copper values in dust particles (Pb>70 ppm and Cu>80 ppm), few anomalous values of lead in surface and ground water (0.01-0.12 ppm in surface water and 0.01-0.13 ppm in ground water), and very high values of lead (>10000 ppm) in some soil and sediment samples. The most polluted and dangerous cycles are caused by Sarasiab polluted creek (Pb and Zn values >10000 ppm) after Kerman garrison and soils close to battery, oil-change, and automobile-painting shops ( Pb>5000 ppm). However, Cd concentration was not a source of pollution in this region. Other pollution sources may be leachates, sewages, and landfills. Soil, sediment, and some of water samples had concentrations of metals (Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd) and the concentrations mostly exceeded the maximum permissible limit announced by the US EPA. A GIS system was developed for Kerman urban environment quality evaluation so that health risk management practices could be planned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Pathology of tower construction in Anatomical pollution of environment of urban spaces (Case study "Arian tower in Hamedan")
Mehrdad Navabakhsh Mohammad RahmaniThe extension and development of urban life along with increasing population and extending immigration have created numerous problems. Constraints in environmental and spatial aspects for the inhabitants of large cities in an over populated space with a lot of residenti MoreThe extension and development of urban life along with increasing population and extending immigration have created numerous problems. Constraints in environmental and spatial aspects for the inhabitants of large cities in an over populated space with a lot of residential, social, official and vocational needs, and meeting these needs and solving the mentioned aspects and issues, are the most significant matters which are noticed and studied by policy makers, geologists, particularly environmental and geographical scientists. Also in this environment relation of citizens and inhabitants with their living environment has social effects in different aspects which are studied. In this research with experimental style, all the residential, commercial, official and hygienic textures where are established alongside of Aryan tower on one line located between two main square of Hamedan City, are considered. The effect of each of these constructions among this space as a complex, gives an identity to the studied area. The traffic jam has been monitored in rush hours (peak time) in this rout and the largest capacity of this street has been considered and compared with the main street. The achieved results of these studies show that the location of the tower specifically and selling the accumulations and buildings without considering spacious discipline, psychological and emotional and behavioral needs, has imbalanced the environment and social spaces. On another hand from anatomical point of view, there is no harmony between the height, facade of the tower and the length and width of the street and the efficiency of other exiting elements. At this stage we can say the rights of citizens are not reserved and it has been ignored in the environment and the urban spaces. On the whole the shape and the practicality of the tower has offended the spacious balance of the area and low quality of nexus and connections, has created unsuitable and inefficient transportation service which this matter itself can cause enormous harmful environmental consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Investigation of Empowerment of Rural Women in Environmental Protection
Akramolok lahijanian Narjes VaskoeiAbstract Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of rural women in protecting the environment. Statistical population of women 60-12 years old Marzanabad village in Mazandaran province, 75 945 people. Methods: Of 165 randomly selected regularly MoreAbstract Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of rural women in protecting the environment. Statistical population of women 60-12 years old Marzanabad village in Mazandaran province, 75 945 people. Methods: Of 165 randomly selected regularly from the village of Marzan-Abad province. The data library, questionnaires and interviews were collected. The questionnaire included 13 questions with answers related to the goals of open and closed primary and secondary research. Indicators to measure the size and financial structure and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to test the hypotheses. Study hypotheses include 1. The social, economic and cultural environment to promote women effectively. 2. Recognition of Women Consciousness in the environment is associated with the management .3- women's empowerment leads to environmental protection. 4. Learning Environment women leads to behavior change in consumption pattern. Findings and Results: The positive relationship between the social, economic and cultural rights of women, recognizing the environmental awareness of women, the empowerment of women in environmental protection, and the role of women in environmental management has shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Gachsaran Oil Refinery Production Unit by Integrating Multi Criteria Decision Making and Environmental Failure-Mode and Effects Analysis
jahanbakhsh balist Bahram Malek mohammadi Faeze Chehrzar Yasser MoarabBackground and Objective:Risk assessment is a method to determine risk quantitative and qualitative and probable accident consequence on people, materials, equipment and environment. By doing so, existence controlling methods effectiveness are specified and valuable dat MoreBackground and Objective:Risk assessment is a method to determine risk quantitative and qualitative and probable accident consequence on people, materials, equipment and environment. By doing so, existence controlling methods effectiveness are specified and valuable data for decision making in risk mitigating is produced. Method: In this study, GACHSARAN oil refinery production unit is assessed. The purpose of this study is environmental risk assessment of this unit by updating methods and techniques and representing controlling strategies to manage these risks. Simultaneously use of several risk assessment and multi criteria decision making can lead to optimum risk management. To achieve this goal, the Environmental Failure-Mode and Effects Analysis (EFMEA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are used. Findings: At first by site visiting and obtaining expert opinions of the unit, risks are identified and evaluated according to their effects on environmental of five components. In the following, risk priority number in specified and enter to TOPSIS and prioritized. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that important risks are exhausted pollutant from stack and carry over to flare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Formation and Development of "Future Generation Rights" Concept in International Environmental Law
Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi Farhad Dabiri Yalda Khalatbari Sahar ZareiIrregular utilization as well as environmental damages by mankind caused concerns for future generation. Identifying the rights of future generation is an important step to achieve to sustainable development. In this regard, conservation of environment, reasonable and f MoreIrregular utilization as well as environmental damages by mankind caused concerns for future generation. Identifying the rights of future generation is an important step to achieve to sustainable development. In this regard, conservation of environment, reasonable and fair utilization of sources to reach to a distinct future that ensures the rights of future generation are supposed as the duty of international community. So, the concept of "future generation rights" that firstly entered to international arena after ratification of United Nations charter 1945 and then developed by Stockholm declaration (1972) in international environmental law. Nevertheless, the concept of "future generation rights" as a moral and normalized principle is faced with many ambiguities. In the first chapter, legal ambiguities of this concept from different aspects regarding international law are examined. In the second chapter, in order to study legal basis of this concept in international environmental law, its status in binding and non-binding law is observed .in Chapter three we try to have a look at implementation of this concept in international environmental law. At the end, in fourth chapter collecting data, conclusion and suggestions are performed to attain a better realization of this concept implementation in international environmental law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Human Security and Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energies in Iran, with Emphasis on Environmental Security
Seyed Masoud Mousavi shafaee Younes Noorollahi Ahad Rezayan Ghayahbashi Hossein Yousefi Ali Hossein RezayanBackground and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental pollution. Sustainable development would be impossible without environmental security. In other words, energy has a direct connection with security and development. Energy specialists and planners in the world believe that renewable energies should play a much prominent role in providing human energy requirement and reducing environmental pollution. Discussing future problems and developing appropriate strategies and policies can have a key role in developing renewable energies to supply some parts of energy requirement in the country. Method: The aim of this study is to discuss the benefits and opportunities for developing renewable energies in Iran based on assessment of the factors involved in related organizations, through studying the importance and developed position of renewable energy resources in Iran and the world. Some benefits of developing renewable energies include: reliable and clean energy resource, power generation with a stable price, diversification of power resources in the country to be able to do more export, power supply of electricity generation with the less ancillary costs, reaching the aims of the 4th and the 5th National Development Plan and also the potential for economic development, with emphasis on technology development and new jobs creation. in this paper, by reviewing the existing laws and policies on new energies, the necessity of sound policies for development of renewable energies in national energy plans in line with ensuring human and environmental security, with emphasis on challenges to development of renewable energies in Iran have been investigated. Results: The results show that developing renewable energies in the world faces economical, technical, administrative and legal challenges which cause delay in development of these energies. Besides all these international barriers, development of renewable energies in Iran faces other national and local problems. Some of the major obstacles to the development of renewable energy resources in Iran includes: lack of plans and documented policies for development, lack of national and local laws concerning renewable energies, lack of knowledge about the function of these sources of energy among national planners and managers, weaknesses in human resources management as well as technology transfer barriers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Environmental Terrorism Criminalization; Challenges, Norms and Strategies
Sayeed Abbas Puorhashemi Payman Namamian Sobhan TayebiBackground and Objectives: Todays abuse of the Environment and the living World, both as atTarget and as a tool for Terrorist Activity is Evident. In this context, "green war" with the changingface of terrorism as a phenomenon, emerging in the contemporary world appears MoreBackground and Objectives: Todays abuse of the Environment and the living World, both as atTarget and as a tool for Terrorist Activity is Evident. In this context, "green war" with the changingface of terrorism as a phenomenon, emerging in the contemporary world appears. Not only theinternational laws, but domestic laws (National) did not counter this threat practically. It providesemerging threats. However, the applicability of legal principles, strategies could also replace the antiterrorismactions effectively and provide appropriate solutions for this crisis. Green or environmentalterrorism, including terrorism with new environmental elements, conveniently located on the route ofterrorist activity.Methods: The Presented cross-sectional study based on the principles, methods, libraries research andthe forwarded ways based on the cross-sectional and Library Noting including old and new aspects ofthis new phenomenon of terrorism is discussed. In this regard, the proposed environmental terrorismas a global risk coping strategies are also reviewed and considered with the best route is diplomacy.Results: In addition to describing the implementation of these strategies in this regard, this study hasattempted to offer effective strategic approaches to tackle the new criminal law as "green terrorism" or"the ecosystem drawing" with the best tackle of the mechanisms which provides emerging threats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - Environmental sustainability in urban open spaces: quality assessment of residential quarters in Tabriz
Seyed Bagher Hosseini Razieh Rezazadeh Mohammad Bagheri Hamid Reza Azemati Abdolhamid GhenbaranOne of the sustainable urban design strategies is to emphasize the micro scale urban spaces. The purpose of this study is to explore the environmental sustainability in urban space and assessment of three residential quarters inTabriz. Five main criteria of sustainable MoreOne of the sustainable urban design strategies is to emphasize the micro scale urban spaces. The purpose of this study is to explore the environmental sustainability in urban space and assessment of three residential quarters inTabriz. Five main criteria of sustainable urban design (movement, energy, spatial form, ecology, and design and development) were selected for assessment. In a field study, the selected quarters were scored by a professional research team and the findings were assessed comparatively. Maghsodieh historical quarter got the top score for movement, energy, and design and development criteria. Organic urban pattern, neighborhood facilities, connected streets, revitalized historical buildings, urban spaces for walking, environmental adaption, and local identity are among the main physical characteristics of this quarter. Roshdieh quarter, due to its designed green open spaces, biodiversity, green landscapes, and natural views, got the top score in ecology criterion. Both Maghsoodieh and Roshdieh got the top score in spatial form criterion because of self-sufficiency, mixed applications, and diverse public spaces. Golpark quarter, having urban spaces which lack design as well as having serious environmental problems, got low scores in all five criteria. This study shows that most open spaces of new residential quarters suffer from the lack of environmental design. Moreover, they cannot satisfy the needs and desires of their users. The strategies of thermal comfort, natural light, sound and wind comfort, and enhancement of the quality of urban landscape can help improve the environmental sustainability of urban quarters. New ideas such as walking ways, green ways, green bridges, bicycle and skate lines, urban and neighborhood parks as well as health and sport areas are all of practical use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Development in Torghabeh-Shandiz Township Using Degradation Model
Sahar Heidari Masteali bahman jabbarian amiri Afshin Alizadeh ShabaniAbstract Background and Objective: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represents the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is to identify the destruction factors and susceptibilit MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represents the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is to identify the destruction factors and susceptibility degree in ecosystems in order to prevent further destruction by other projects and to show the feasibility of future development to decision markers. Method: The study area was firstly partitioned into 94 cells (1600 ha) and then 14 degradation factors along with their intensity were identified using land use map, field observations and expert views. Ecological susceptibility and physiological density were then determined and all cells were classified into four categories as recommended for development, required for reconstruction, required for protection and cells with no development potential based on fuzzy theory. Findings: The results show that 22 cells (23.40% of the total area) out of 94 cells require reconstruction, 37 cells (39.36% of total area) have no development potential, and 35 cells (37.22% of total area) are recommended for development. Discussion and Conclusion: The effects of destructive activities in this region (that is mainly due to the detrimental effects of tourism activities) were evident, so that the destructive activities such as change in land use and land cover, on the one hand, and waste and rivers pollution, on the other hand, were found as the main causes of destruction in the region. Out of 94 cells, 21 cells and 16 cells had no development potential due to faults and due to being in Binalood protected area respectively. 35 cells are recommended for development in first to third priorities; these cells are in low physiological density area. 22 cells, due to high physiological density and severity of the destructive agents, have a high degradation coefficient and need to be reconstructed, and therefore should be excluded from any future development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Economical Analyzing and Assessment of the Environmental Charges (Executive Problems) Iran's Case Study
Zahra Abedi Mehdi Riahi Saleh SalehiNowadays immethodical profiting of environmental assets and competition in ecological resourcesconsumption in the country illustrates an ascending procedure, and lack of suitable economicalinstruments leads to various environmental pollutions appearances.Using economica MoreNowadays immethodical profiting of environmental assets and competition in ecological resourcesconsumption in the country illustrates an ascending procedure, and lack of suitable economicalinstruments leads to various environmental pollutions appearances.Using economical instruments like "green taxes" , "Tradable of marketable permits" and "deposit andrepayment systems" and finally "environmental charge" could be regarded as some solutions whichaid us to improving producers and consumers' behaviors to preserve the environment and alsoachieving sustainable development.In the decade of ninety existent realities forced the planners of the country to apply "EconomicIncentive Approach" instead of "command and Control Approach". For the same purpose it wasanticipated to enforce economical encouragers in the law of first and second plan of development.However industrial development after the war (Iraq against Iran) increased to such an event that didnot allow aforementioned policies to prevent environmental pollutions and damages.Therefore, for the first time in the country, environmental charge was introduced into article 134 andparagraph © of article 104 the low of third plan of economic, social and cultural development andsubsequently their executive bylaw were developed. Aforementioned executive bylaw is one of themost specialized guidelines developed so far in the country. In this paper an attempt was made towardeconomical analysis of "environmental charge" and determination of practical solutions in order toimprove efficiency of this economic instrument in Iran.For this purpose the activities of the department of the environment of more than thirty provincesduring the 2005-2007 were investigated and problems related to implementation of this law in thecontext of existing institutional arrangement of the department of the environment were assessed.The results of this study revealed that lack of adequate attention paid to economic aspects ofenvironmental charge as well as capacity of the compliant organization (department of the1- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Environmental Economy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic AzadUniversity, Tehran, Iran2- M.Sc Student, Faculty of Environmental Economy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran.3- Economy & Accountancy Group, Islamic Azad University, Central Branch, Tehran, IranJ.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 16, No.4, Winter 2015211environment) are the main causes rendering this economical instrument ineffective in Iran and failingenvironmental planners and policy makers achieving their goals Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Legal instruments dealing for scientific uncertainty in precautionary principle from the perspective of International Environment Law
Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi Azam Parandeh MotlaghConsidering the importance of the precautionary principle for development of international environmental law and taking into account that the "scientific uncertainty", is a problematic of the precautionary principle, this article tries to analyze the scientific uncertai MoreConsidering the importance of the precautionary principle for development of international environmental law and taking into account that the "scientific uncertainty", is a problematic of the precautionary principle, this article tries to analyze the scientific uncertainties in the international environmental law’s context. In fact, one of the problems of implementing of the precautionary principle in the international environmental law the ambiguity on the issue of "scientific uncertainty" mentioned in many legal texts, both binding and non-binding. The purpose of this study is to describe the position and the role of scientific uncertainty in the realization of precautionary principle. This study explains the nature of legal gaps in the implementation of the precautionary principle in international environmental law. There are several legal methods and administrative procedures to dealing with the "scientific uncertainty", such as framework-protocol approach, scientific advisory boards, management approaches, prior informed consent, assessment and monitoring of environmental effects, temporary measures and so on. We can considerer these legal approaches and techniques in many environmental treaties, especially after the Rio Declaration 1992. Moreover, in the case study, the legal instruments dealing for scientific uncertainty in precautionary principle from the perspective of International Environment in the Convention on Climate Change in 1992 is analyzed. In this research, after studying the methods and techniques for dealing with scientific uncertainty, the suitable method to implement the precautionary principle in international environmental law has been analyzed. Due to legal problems for the implementation of the precautionary principle in international environmental law, still there is no consensus and common procedure for implementing these methods. However, this study suggests some solutions such as the practice of Governments, implementing the national system and development of environmental treaties based on the implementation of the precautionary principle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Analysis of environmental education programs to identify strengths and weaknesses in higher education
Seyedeh Zahra Shamsi Papkiade Seyed Mohammad ShobeiriBackground and objectives: Understand environmental problems and a basic understanding of the requirement for substantial measures for removing environmental damage caused by the excessive development. The most important measures of the development of environmental know MoreBackground and objectives: Understand environmental problems and a basic understanding of the requirement for substantial measures for removing environmental damage caused by the excessive development. The most important measures of the development of environmental knowledge through service areas, universities and higher education institutions in any society a unique role in the development of society. In this regard, the present survey studies the analysis of environmental education programs to identify opportunities and threats in Higher Education. Methods: The research method is descriptive of survey type. The statistical population of the faculty members and environmental students in the universities of the country is 40 faculty members and 719 students. The sampling method was simple random sampling. According to Karjesi and Morgan table, 250 students were enrolled and the professors used the census method. In this research, a researcher made questionnaire was used. To determine the validity of the opinions of experts, based on the Lavoshe formula 0.8 and its reliability, based on the alpha coefficient of Cronbach's was obtained 806%. Analysis and interpretation of the data are based on the IFE matrix. Findings: Based on the results of 6 strengths and 7 weaknesses among the components of the current strategy of higher education, environmental planning has a relatively balanced position between the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Discussionand Conclusion: Using strengths to advance the goals of the organization. Such a strategy is a desirable strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Surveying the Level of Quality and Identity of Islaamshar Urban Sight from the Citizens’ Viewpoint
Masoud Alimardani Mahdi Vaezi Abstract Background and Objective: In scientific sources, urban identity has been introduced as consisting of objective and subjective dimensions with different components which are manifested in perspective and image of the city. On the other hand, increasing th More Abstract Background and Objective: In scientific sources, urban identity has been introduced as consisting of objective and subjective dimensions with different components which are manifested in perspective and image of the city. On the other hand, increasing the quality and beauty of the environment in the integrated spatial patterns will be an introduction to achieve identity in the city. In this paper, after identifying multiple dimensions of identity and investigating the components involved in creating quality and beauty in scientific sources and environmental design theories, it was attepted to assess the urban perspective identity in a part of islamshahr of user’s viewpoint. Method: The first part of the study focused on theoretical basis associated with the topic. In the second part, 250 of the users were selected to respond the questions about identity, and the obtained results were presented in qualitative and quantitative forms. Results from this study can provide a framework for preparion of the plan for re-organization of city identity and urban landscape in Eslamshahr and increasing the quality of urban environment. Findings: City is an artificial phenomenon which depends on human being and his activities and social relations. To define a city, its physical and subjective components must be distinguished. From this point of view, each city we can surveyed to become familiar with its difficulties and potentials. In this study, the difficulties and potentials of Islaamshahr neighborhood were identified and some solutions were suggested. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study it was found that there is a direct connection between city identity and quality of environment. City identity affects the behavior of inhabitants and also is a basic factor for sustainable development. To solve the problems of Islamshahr paying attention to city framework, open spaces, variety of land uses, improving the quality of environment, and balancing the usage of building materials and colors seem to be necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Environmental Diplomacy in the Light of International Convergence: an Effective Approach towards International Law Sustainable Development
Ali Zaree sobhan tayebi Shima NaderiToday, environmental protection and sustainable development are two essential axes in the path of human life. In this process, international actors, namely governments and international organizations, play a major role. Commitment to international commitments and the ne MoreToday, environmental protection and sustainable development are two essential axes in the path of human life. In this process, international actors, namely governments and international organizations, play a major role. Commitment to international commitments and the need to adhere to the rules of the law are two crucial foundations in explaining the role of environmental diplomacy in achieving sustainable development. Development and environmental protection will certainly not be on a sustainable path unless regional interactions and international cooperation take a serious turn. This study is based on bibliographic and descriptive approach and is based on the evaluation of new sighted. Along that, environmental diplomacy is known as an effective method to natural resources and ecosystems conservation. So, environmental discussions are very much important international convergence reason. Therefore, international community can lead to global environmental conservation strategies with that convergence attitude. This research aims to determine the international environmental law evolution firstly and government’s roles in front of environmental challenges lying international convergence and legal fundamentals. So, environmental threats and hazards, display an illogical human act, that can be solved under the shadow of international convergence and moving to environmental conservation and global peace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Development of international environmental law in the light of International judicial judgements and precedents
Sahar Zarei Seyed-Abbas Poorhashemi Mansour PournouriThe International Court of Justice and other international judicial and arbitral bodies play an important role through the issuance of international judicial judgements and precedents in the development of public international law, including international environmental MoreThe International Court of Justice and other international judicial and arbitral bodies play an important role through the issuance of international judicial judgements and precedents in the development of public international law, including international environmental law. These judgements and precedents, as well as some other cases of the International Court of Justice, will help to include new legal principles and rules of international law which can develop the environmental protection. However, alongside the legal capacity, there are obstacles and limitations which cause the positive development of international environmental law move slowly. Advisory opinions and Judgements issued by international courts show that State sovereignty has always been an obstacle to the development of international environmental law. Moreover, the traditional approach of International court of justice, based on the preference of the State sovereignty, is a significant challenge for developing the international environmental law. In fact, moving from absolute sovereignty to the rule based on rational and reasonable use of land could be a good opportunity for development of this legal field. For the first time, the concept of environmental protection was introduced in many cases such as the Trail Smelter case as an earlier environmental dispute and in this way environmental protection was developed in other environmental legal cases too. This research, attempts to analyze the international judicial judgements and precedents of the International Court of Justice to find the impact of these judgements and precedents in the development of international environmental law. It also provides guidelines for applicable solutions by identifying legal gaps and existing inefficiencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Research on the Degree of Awareness of High School Students about Environmental Protection (a case study in city of Tehran)
Mahdi Mirdamadi Abbasali Bagheri varkaneh Somayyeh SmaeiliEnvironment and natural resources as a pavement of sustainable development, is considered as a supportive factor for natural life and cultural heritage of the human society. The increasing growth of population has caused the necessity for job substitution services. Limi MoreEnvironment and natural resources as a pavement of sustainable development, is considered as a supportive factor for natural life and cultural heritage of the human society. The increasing growth of population has caused the necessity for job substitution services. Limited resources and lack of capable pattern for development have caused a lot of pressure on environment and restoring natural resources. Destruction of environment and natural resources has attracted the attention of planners and policy makers as a global problem. The trend of environmental destruction and natural resources of our own country is not an exception from this rule. Education is recognized as a profitable investment in development process, especially sustainable development and establishing changes and reforms in order to prevent the destruction of the environment and restoring natural resources. One of the important accelerating factors is public training especially educating students. This process only would take place if the training and education is compatible with the right conditions. For this purpose, this research has been delivered on high school level students of the city of Tehran to find out their knowledge and awareness about the environment and protecting it. Population of this study is about 470,000 students. This is an applied research with the Descriptive-Correlation method. A questionnaire was used to collect information and data. Data is analyzed by using SSPS software. The results obtained from Spearman Correlation coefficient between independent parameters of age, parents education, listening to the radio programs, watching the television programs, having access to forest and green spaces, studying books about environment. With the related parameter of students’ awareness about environment indicated that, there is a significant relationship between mentioned parameters. The obtained results of individual effects of independent parameters on related parameter through the tests of Keruscal-Walis and Man White Nee, indicated that the independent parameters method of acquiring information, using of magazines, participation in related activities, participation in educational classes and membership in environmental organizations, have direct effects on students’ awareness about the environment. However, the parameters of genders, educational achievement, educational field, deferent student organizations and being a member or not having a membership in students’ organizations have no effects students awareness about the environment. The obtained results of total effect of independent parameters on dependent parameter of students interest on environment through multiple regression indicated that the parameters of studying environmental books and journals have had positive effects on students awareness about environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Civil-legal consideration of circumstances for exerting citizenship rights on the environment
Maryam Pir Nasser GhasemyAccording to the Iranian law, citizenship right is a privilege given to the country’s members within its borders. However, from an environmental point of view, such privilege cannot be confined to borders because environment goes beyond the countries’ border MoreAccording to the Iranian law, citizenship right is a privilege given to the country’s members within its borders. However, from an environmental point of view, such privilege cannot be confined to borders because environment goes beyond the countries’ borderlines. A person who is the agent of pollution is considered as one who is against the environmental laws. Therefore, there should be special courts in the field of environment to act as an obstacle to such offences. The review of 168 files at two branches of the environment’s special court revealed that 10 percent of them ended in a guilt dictum and 90 percent in a forbiddance dictum (out of 4 final dictums). As it can be seen, the percentage of forbiddance dictum is so high. On the one hand, it indicates that few crimes have been committed and on the other hand it shows that we just witness the damages inflicted upon the environment and do nothing. The important thing which should not be forgotten is that the prevention of environmental damages is much less costly than restoring it. Therefore, citizens should cooperate with the government and the government should train the citizens (because it is people’s right to know). When people understand the situation, they will think about it and try to solve the problems themselves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - The effect of environmental education on awareness, attitude and pro-environmental behavior in 2nd grade high school female students (Case study: District 4 of Ahvaz city)
Farzaneh valipour chahardahcheric Forouzan FarrokhianAbstract Background and objective: Increasing environmental issues and crises in the world have highlighted the importance of discussions on environment and environmental issues.Since awareness-rising requires training and environmental training is the most fundamental MoreAbstract Background and objective: Increasing environmental issues and crises in the world have highlighted the importance of discussions on environment and environmental issues.Since awareness-rising requires training and environmental training is the most fundamental way for environmental protection. The present study attempts to investigate the effect of environmental training on changing the students’ environmental attitude and environmental knowledge about environmental protection. Method: The used methodology was quasi-experimental and the statistical population included all the 2nd-grade high school female students in District 4 of Ahvaz. The study sample consisted of 180 individuals who were selected based on random cluster sampling. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire and data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software. Findings: Results obtained from comparison of three levels of attitude, behavior and knowledge in the experimental and control groups showed that there was no significant difference between averages points in the two groups before educational intervention. However a signification difference was observed in the students’ knowledge (P=0/021), attitude (P=0/042) and behavior (P<0/001) after educational intervention. Discussion and conclusion: The results show that theoretical and practical educations have a positive effect on attitude, knowledge and behavior of students towards environmental protection. Therefore, it seems that appropriate education of 2nd-geade high school students not only raises their awareness of environmental protection and efficient use of natural resources and the environment, but also paves the way for employing them as experts in the future to reduce environmental problems and crises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Studying the status of the existing environmental content of sciences textbooks in the general education course
Faezeh Fazeli Farideh Mahdavi IkdeluBackground and Objective: Environmental education is a lesson for life. This means that environmental lessons must become practical in the social and individual behavior and daily life. What is noteworthy is the role of education system in teaching the environmental beh MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental education is a lesson for life. This means that environmental lessons must become practical in the social and individual behavior and daily life. What is noteworthy is the role of education system in teaching the environmental behavior through the textbooks from the early days of formal education. Thus, the purpose of this study is to check the content of textbooks general education with a focus on environmental problems and protecting the environment. Method: For this purpose, an eight volume textbook of experimental science of general educational courses for 8 grades were examined through content analysis in 2013 and 2014. Findings: In this study, using content analysis which has seven main components of environmental problems (air, water, soil and noise), protection of natural resources, waste separation and recycling, the role of human in the environment and 93 sub-component have been examined. The reliability of these tools was obtained to be 90.1% by experts. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings indicated that the highest and the lowest attention to environmental issues in basic science textbooks have been payed to grade seven and grade three, respectively. In general, human role in environment received the highest attention and noise pollution received the lowest attention in the basic science textbooks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - The Effect of population growth, human capital and petroleum products on environmental pollution in Iran
Ali salmanpourAbstract Background and Objective: Survey environmental pollution is an important issue of environmental economics. Environmental pollution is the most important problem facing humanity in the present age. With increasing population, the rate of changes in the environme MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Survey environmental pollution is an important issue of environmental economics. Environmental pollution is the most important problem facing humanity in the present age. With increasing population, the rate of changes in the environment intensifies especially if the population does not have knowledge of how to protect the environment, this problem increases. The role of human resources in the production process and therefore the quality of the environment from the perspective of economic theory, have been significant changes over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of petroleum products, human capital and the population on environmental pollution in the Iranian economy during the 1357 to 1393. Method: In this study, Environmental pollution model is estimated by using an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL), this model, CO2 emissions are considered as indicators of environmental pollution. Findings: The findings of the long-term model show Banerjee, Dorado and Master t-test, for models was -3.35 and long-term relationship between variables was confirmed. Including error correction model coefficients showed that 41.53 percent of imbalance is a period of adjustment in the next period. The model tries to adjust its medium speed. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show a positive relationship between oil consumption, population and national income on environmental pollution. The results showed a negative relationship between human capital and environmental pollution as well. Therefore, it is suggested by reducing the consumption of petroleum products subsidies and to encourage consumers to use clean energy reduce the amount of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Investigating the effect of environmental variables on distribution of three woodpecker species (Black woodpecker, Great spotted woodpecker and Green woodpecker) in Shast Kolateh Forest, Gorgan
Soroor Karimi Hossein Varasteh Moradi Hamid Reza Rezaei Mojtaba GhadimBackground and Objective: Forests are considered as important sources of biodiversity around the world. Nowadays, forest ecosystems have the most important protective role. The forest ecosystems are the main habitat for many wildlife species that among them we can refer MoreBackground and Objective: Forests are considered as important sources of biodiversity around the world. Nowadays, forest ecosystems have the most important protective role. The forest ecosystems are the main habitat for many wildlife species that among them we can refer to the diverse species of the birds, including woodpeckers. Woodpeckers are considered as the indicator of the forest bird biodiversity. The elevation and forest structure are the most important environmental variables that affecting the woodpecker distribution. Method: In this study, three elevation classes were selected in the Shast Kolateh forest, namely 0-400 m containing parottia- carpinus- quercus forest type, 400-700 m including carpinus- parottia and parottia carpinus forest type, and 700-1000 m wherein beech trees were considered as the dominant species. The bird sampling was conducted using point count sampling procedure. The woodpecker species and the number of all observations in relation to each species in each of 103 sampling plots were recorded in summer and autumn. Findings: The results of CCA ordination graph for three different woodpecker species with environmental variables and elevation showed that the most abundance of Black and Green woodpecker was occurred in 700-1000 m and 400-700 m a.s.l, respectively. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between the abundance of Great spotted woodpecker and elevation. Discussion and Conclusion: The results revealed that the Great spotted woodpecker and Green woodpecker are more flexible in habitat selection and Black woodpecker unlike to the other woodpecker species is a dependent species to the forest habitats with beech cover type and mature forest structure, so it is essential to control severe exploitation of such habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - Study on the application of membrane technology and performance of nanostructured polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membrane in treatment of oily wastewaters
Zeynab Fallahnejad Gholamreza Bakeri Mostafa RahimnejadBackground and Objective: Nowadays, oily and industrial wastewaters are among the most important environment problems. Conventional methods can hardly reduce the oil content to 1% of the initial concentration and are not able to effectively remove the oil droplets with MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, oily and industrial wastewaters are among the most important environment problems. Conventional methods can hardly reduce the oil content to 1% of the initial concentration and are not able to effectively remove the oil droplets with the size less than 20 micrometer. Therefore, oily wastewater treatment is one the most essential environmental challenges which should be resolved in the oilfields. Method: In this study, the performance of different membranes in oily water treatment has been reviewed and furthermore, the performance of nanostructured polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes in oil/water separation process has been investigated. Findings: The membrane performance would change with time according to the membrane type, the feed compositions and the process conditions. In this research, the effects of operating parameters such as pressure, oil concentration and cross flow velocity of feed on the membrane performance were studied. Increase of pressure makes more membrane compactness and higher membrane fouling which reduce the performance. Therefore, the optimum operating conditions for oil separation are P = 1 bar, low feed concentration and high cross flow velocity of feed. Due to the increase of mass transfer at high feed flow rates, oil rejection reduces slightly. Conclusion: All the PES membranes in this study showed complete separation of oil from water and can effectively be used in oily water treatment process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - A Parametric Model for Assessment of Environmental Sustainability of Construction Systems with Emphasise on Production and End Life Phases (With Numerical Assessment Approach to Life Cycle by LCIA method under ISO14042 Supervision)
Asghar Mohammad Moradi Seyed Bagher Hosseini Hamid YazdaniBackground and Objective: Limitation of undesirable effects of construction industry is one of the most important environmental concerns in recent decades. Expansion of construction activities is an inevitable issue and like any other industrial product, buildings can b MoreBackground and Objective: Limitation of undesirable effects of construction industry is one of the most important environmental concerns in recent decades. Expansion of construction activities is an inevitable issue and like any other industrial product, buildings can be considered as a result of raw materials and renewable and non-renewable types of energy use. At the final step of a building life cycle, there is no other way except demolition or recycling. Previous studies in this field have emphasized the building assessment during its use phase. Whereas large aspect of energy usage and pollutants production can be found in construction and demolition phases. Method: Current paper reviewed the researches yet have been done and studied appropriate methods, tools and criterion to assess environmental sustainability of construction systems, especially on production and demolition phases. Results: The main goal of this study is to find a way for parametric assessment of environmental sustainability in construction systems, with emphasis on production and end phase of a building life cycle. Conclusion: Finally, this study presents a six-parameter numerical model that can help to evaluate environmental compatibility of any building by which environmental sustainability of a construction system can be assessed with emphasis on production and end phase of its life cycle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - Identification of Training Needs of Municipality Employees and Presentation of Education Framework Based on DACUM Model
Arezoo Hajiloo Hooman Bahmanpour Mozhgan Zaeemdar Lobat TaghaviBackground and Objective: The aim of this study was to survey, identify training needs, Tehran Municipality staff about environmental issues and the educational model which is based on the DACUM model. Method: For this purpose, the population of 1331 people formed the s MoreBackground and Objective: The aim of this study was to survey, identify training needs, Tehran Municipality staff about environmental issues and the educational model which is based on the DACUM model. Method: For this purpose, the population of 1331 people formed the staff of Tehran Municipality 2. Studied a random sample of 310 participants were identified. Tools for data collection questionnaire which its validity confirmed and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient above 0.7 calculated. Data were analyzed using MATLAB software. Findings: Environment is one of the most vulnerable aspects that have always been threatened. Protection of the environment is a national duty. In a way that should be the responsibility of individual and society to preserve it, and the municipality as one of the custodians plays a vital role in this regard. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed there are significant differences between different levels of educated staff which means staffs with higher education diploma need higher level of training compare to the two other groups with underground and postgraduate degrees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Content analysis of the Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Sedigh Mohammad Esmaeili Asgar AkbariBackground and Objective: Content analysis is a fast method for rapid access to scientific information published in journals, and using the distances scale which counting the number of threads and identification of the structure contributes to better understanding of th MoreBackground and Objective: Content analysis is a fast method for rapid access to scientific information published in journals, and using the distances scale which counting the number of threads and identification of the structure contributes to better understanding of the considered and less considered thematic categories, agendas and views of the authors about the environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of the articles published in the Quarterly Journal of Environmental Science and Technology with the science, engineering and environmental management and research and scientific subjects. Method: In this study, content analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The statistical population was all the articles studied in 755 subject categories. Findings: For the content analysis of this quarterly publication, 3 main categories have been considered. From the total of 755 subjects, 157 subjects were related to environmental sciences, 320 subjects were about environmental engineering and 256 categories of the issues were related to environmental management. The results indicated that in environmental engineering subject, pollution reduction with the score of 34.8% was the first research priority and management of heavy metals with the score of 22.7% was the second priority. Conclusion: Thus, the Quarterly Journal of Science and technology is a valuable resource in the field of environmental health, dedicating 56.15% of the subjects to contamination and its management. Considering the authors’ interests, it was also found that the authors in the field of Environment and Energy, with 32.7%, were in the first place and those in the field of Architecture, with 9.8%, were in the second place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Environmental vulnerability assessment of Tourism in Anzali Coastal with Using of SWOT model.
Bahman Ramezani Gourabi Roghae RajabiIntroduction: Coastal tourism and its Environmental Vulnerability assessment is an important problems in sea tourism. Implement appropriate laws and regulations to protect of environment can sustainable development and increased tourism lead. The aim of this research is MoreIntroduction: Coastal tourism and its Environmental Vulnerability assessment is an important problems in sea tourism. Implement appropriate laws and regulations to protect of environment can sustainable development and increased tourism lead. The aim of this research is recognition of Environmental vulnerability assessment of Tourism in Coastal of Anzali with SWOT model. Material & Methods: At first most important Data of Weakness point , Threats, Opportunies and strengths in indoor and outdoor has recognized .Then ,the most important factors of Weakness points , Threats points ,Strengths points and Opportunities point with Mattress of Data and its axial classified and analyzed. After analyzed of data, the most factors of internal and external vulnerability and rate of environmental sensitivity in coastal of Anzali recognized. Results & discussion: The results of this paper has showed that in coastal of Anzali factors such as the coastal strip with sandy beaches suitable gradient strength is one area while supervising the management due to the polluted beaches and other areas of Rasht (Foumanat basin) into the beach and sea are as weakness are among external factors take advantage of the study results and planning future management issues in tourism organizations can develop as a factor to be considered sustainable tourism. Unfortunately, despite some threatening external factors like a lack of fabric quality and quantity can be planned tourism district and regional environment affect can be a strong executive management made living conditions of the region to maintain its sustainable development helped. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Performing Sensitivity Analysis of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Process Using AHP
Mahnaz Hosseinzadeh Kalkhoran Shahnaz Hosseinzadeh Ebrahim FataeiBackground and Objective: One of the main issues before the design and construction of any wastewater treatment plant is the selection of the optimal wastewater treatment process, since the wrong choice can have considerable effect in increasing expense, and also led to MoreBackground and Objective: One of the main issues before the design and construction of any wastewater treatment plant is the selection of the optimal wastewater treatment process, since the wrong choice can have considerable effect in increasing expense, and also led to unattainable and undesired result. Method: The current study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model to determine the effective criteria in the selection of the appropriate wastewater treatment process, are developing in cities such as Ardebil, Tabriz, and Uremia in order to prioritize and choose the most appropriate treatment process. In such cities the treatment process involved: Aerated Lagoon, Activated sludge, and Biolak. Based on the technical, economic and environmental criteria and related sub-criteria, the processes are weighted through pair wise comparison and the results obtained are assessed using the Expert Choice software. Findings: Finally, Biolak was selected as the optimal process and Activated Sludge and Aerated Lagoon were respectively placed in the next priorities. Sensitivity Analysis is performed on the major factors to investigate the sensitivity of the alternatives in order to apply changes in the priorities of the criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Evaluation of Marvar No-Hunting Area to Designate It as a Protected Area
Mahdieh Yazdi Mahmoud Karami Mahmoud ShariatBackground and Objective: For protection of biodiversity and because of fast destruction of revocable national source which is becoming more challengeable every day, strengthening and expansion of protected area is the only proper way. In Iran, in addition to existence MoreBackground and Objective: For protection of biodiversity and because of fast destruction of revocable national source which is becoming more challengeable every day, strengthening and expansion of protected area is the only proper way. In Iran, in addition to existence of fourfold conservative area, there are no hunting areas as an example of natural areas. These areas are valuable and prepared for conservation of nature ecological balance and preventing the extinction of plant generation and animal species. This area "with an area of about of 81373 hectare" is located in the West of Meybod and North-East of Sadouq in Yazd Province. In this study, for the first time, the ecological land capability of Marvar, with perception of conservation according to IUCN criteria, was evaluated to be designated as a protected. Method: Systematic Analysis method, Makhdoum (2001) ecological models and GIS were used for evaluation of Marvar no-hunting area. In this study, at first regional resources (socio-economic & ecological) were found. Digital data along with attribute data were insetted to the ArcGIS system to make the data base. Therefore, by overlaying information layers in the mentioned system, the ecological details were mapped for the area and the table of characteristic unit was presented. The evaluation of capability and zoning were done and fertilized area for suitable uses was selected. Finally, baised on the obtained result for the protected area classification system, the area was introduced as a conservative area according to national and international criteria. Results: According to the obtained results for ecological and economical-social resource, six zones were identified in this area as wilderness/ecological zone:(4.25%), protected zone:(41.62%), extensive use zone:(26.3%), intensive use zone:(9.4%), spatial use zone:(1.25%) and land use zone:(17.18%), and nearly half of the area was allocate to protection use. The, small extent of this area with high vulnerability shows its capability to be placed in higher conservative class. Hence, evaluation of obtained results under the condition of protected area according to available criteria explain shows that Marvar no-hunting area with approximately broad extent, has a high ecosystem diversity (mountain, plain and hill), considerable species diversity (52 plant and 82 animal species) and also high wildlife values such as economical, biological, and science-training values. Moreower, tourism attractions have high conservative value and can introduce a protected area in classification of fourfold areas of Iran, as well as in fifth class of IUCN, including areas under management of protected landscape or Seascape. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - Application of Simplex method and Mitigation Concept in Participatory Environmental Impact Assessment (Case study: Compost Plants and Landfill Alternatives in Golestan Province)
Samaneh Deziani Abdolrasoul SalmanmahinyBackground and Objective: Environmental impact assessment studies are one of the proper means of ensuring a sustainable development. Determining limitations and mitigation procedures for the negative effects compose the main core of the EIA procedure, in case the sugges MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental impact assessment studies are one of the proper means of ensuring a sustainable development. Determining limitations and mitigation procedures for the negative effects compose the main core of the EIA procedure, in case the suggested development has been allowed. In this study, impact assessment has been applied for five suggested compost and landfill sites in Golestan Province of Iran. Method: In this study, considering the associated costs, linear programming has been applied to rank the proposed landfill and compost plant sites. For this purpose, GIS data has been used and the optimum site selection process has been implemented. The site has been determined so as to minimize the likely impacts. Findings: The results show that by using linear programming, site 1 on the eastern part with a slight difference to others, and site 5 in the west,ern part with the least goal function value are the best. The most effective parameters for the sites 1 to 4 is underground water pollution, and for site 5 is loss of valuable land. However, at the site 5, the impact on the neighboring no-hunting area is more important than underground water pollution, considering costs and the required time for mitigation efforts. Conclusion: Using the minimum and maximum levels of mitigation levels shows that increase of mitigation can reduce pollution, and vice versa. Sensitivity analysis confirms the accuracy of this method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - Environmental Evaluation of Existing Solid Waste landfill of Semnan in the basis of Site Selection Criteria
Niloofar Abedinzadeh Fatemeh GhanbariIntroduction: Today by increasing the urbanization in bid cities and increasing solid waste percapita for industrialization of societies, waste collection and disposal have hanged to one of the most important issues in municipal solid waste management. Solid waste landf MoreIntroduction: Today by increasing the urbanization in bid cities and increasing solid waste percapita for industrialization of societies, waste collection and disposal have hanged to one of the most important issues in municipal solid waste management. Solid waste landfills have adverse impacts on environment. These impacts will intensify more when landfill sites have chosen without any site selection processes. Therefore it is essential usage of current evaluation techniques for identification of adverse impacts and offer approaches in order to diminishing negative impacts. Methods and materials: Many difference parameters and criteria are used for site selecting and evaluating of landfills. In this study, the landfill of Semnan have been evaluated by using data from slope, topography, land use, soil type and ground water maps via three current methods of evaluating of landfills. Results: This site is classified in good category in Oleckno method, acceptable category by using Monavari method and it is placed in better score range by applying Drastic method. Conclousion: Despite this site has chosen without site selection process, it locates in suitable position. According to this study, it is necessary to attend engineering action and design and landfill management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Conceptual Modeling of Environmental Factors Influencing the Security Residential Complexes (Case Study: Residential Complexes of Hamedan City)
Sara Jalalian Farah Habib Kianoush Zaker HaghighyBackground and Objective: Security is one of the essential necessities of every society. Research in security issues, is a field which facilitates improvement of quality of life in residential spaces, especially in residential complexes. The assumption in this research MoreBackground and Objective: Security is one of the essential necessities of every society. Research in security issues, is a field which facilitates improvement of quality of life in residential spaces, especially in residential complexes. The assumption in this research is that it could be possible to develop a model on the basis of interrelation between environment and human being and then use it for preventing crime as an anomic behavior. Method: In a qualitative approach, the context analysis is used for developing a background in crime prevention through environmental design, and then with interpretation approach and using comparative analysis method, it is attempted to investigate the environmental factors affecting the security of residential complexes. Observation, interview and questionnaire are used for data gathering. Conclusion: The findings of research are presented in a complicated model of the environmental factors affecting security issues. This model shows that socio-economic factors and then physical factors which lead to natural surveillance, access control, territoriality and image, have important roles in security improvement in residential complexes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Managing Environmental Aspects and Impacts of Pulp and Paper Industries using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Jafar Nouri Zahra Nourbakhsh Marzieh Nourbakhsh Ali TahmasbpourBackground and Objective: In this study, managing environmental aspects of pulp and paper industries using AHP method was studied. The process of producing paper have 4 main step that done in for main unit of paper factories, the unit of Preparation and production of wo MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, managing environmental aspects of pulp and paper industries using AHP method was studied. The process of producing paper have 4 main step that done in for main unit of paper factories, the unit of Preparation and production of wood, pulp production unit, paper production unit ,chemical recovery system unit . Method: To identify and manage environmental aspects and environmental impacts of the industry AHP method (Analytical Hierarchy Process) was used. In the hierarchical structure of research, Factory production units were selected as criteria and various activities of each unit were selected as sub-criteria, four major environmental impact of the factory were selected as alternatives (water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and solid waste pollution). Conclusion: After analyzing the hierarchy with a group of experts in the software Expert Choice, four important results was obtained. 1- Most important environmental impacts of Wood and Paper industries 2- Which of the factory's production unit makes the most contaminants 3- in every single unit, which are most significant environmental aspects. 4- Any trace of contamination was identified that are shown in graphs .finally the obvious causes and effects of each of the significant aspects were examined and some solutions were presented in order to fix them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Analysis of the Knowledge and Biological Performance of Farmers Living in Rural Areas (Case Study: Orumiyeh Township)
Jamshid Einali Nasrin Kazemi Mehdi cheraghi Ali Reza rabetBackground and Objective: Agriculture, as an economic activity in nature, has had a major impact on biodiversity and natural landscapes. In this context, environmental awareness is a broad concept that includes not only knowledge about the environment, but also refers t MoreBackground and Objective: Agriculture, as an economic activity in nature, has had a major impact on biodiversity and natural landscapes. In this context, environmental awareness is a broad concept that includes not only knowledge about the environment, but also refers to the attitudes, values and skills required to solve the environmental problems. Biological information of farmers involves their awareness about the environmental problems, the factors contributing to development of these problems and the measures that theycan do to improve the situation which determines their biological performance. Method: This descriptive-analytical study attempts to investigate the farmers' knowledge and biological performance in the southern Barandouz Chai village located at the central part of Orumiyeh Township. One-sample-t-test and correlation were used to analyze the data. Results: The biological knowledge of the studied farmers was at a level higher than average, and their biological performance was at a level lower than average, showing a strong correlation between their knowledge and biological performance. Conclusion: The lower level of biological performance compared to biological awareness in the studied farmers is due to the fact that they have to use fertilizers and pestidides to fight with pests though they are aware of the problems created by them. Moreover, despite having the knowledge of some aspects of modern irrigation methods, the farmers were not able to use them because of the existing difficulties and financial constraints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Landfill site selection with emphasis on environmental and economical factors in northern Iran (Case study: Astara Township)
Roghaye Baniasadi Seyed Saeedreza Ahmadizade Behrooz Etebari Alireza QomiBackground and Objective: The crucial condition of northern cities in Iran, increases the necessity for a proper landfill site selection. Solid waste is an inseparable part of human life and in its production in different quantities and qualities is the biggest environm MoreBackground and Objective: The crucial condition of northern cities in Iran, increases the necessity for a proper landfill site selection. Solid waste is an inseparable part of human life and in its production in different quantities and qualities is the biggest environmental problem at present. The first and the most important step towards waste management, is finding a suitable place for landfilling. Today, geographic information systems are widely used in environmental planning. Method: In this study, the geographical directions, surface water, faults, protected areas, soil, geology, distance from settlement and land use are investigated in terms of effective environmental factors while distance from main roads, distance from byway, slope and elevation are explored in terms of economical factors. Conclusion: After prioritization of factors with the help of experts’ idea and combining them in ArcGIS9.2, three appropriate locations were selected. Afterwards, the suitable size of the landfill site needed for the city was calculated, and considering the needed size, the final location for landfill was proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Steel Plants Using Modified RIAM Method (Case Study: Tiam Steel Plant in Guilan Province)
Sajede madani Saeed malmasi Roya nezakati esmaeelzadeBackground and Objective: Nowadays, environmental considerations are known to be a necessity in the country to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. In this regard, environmental impact assessment is an appropriate tool to achieve the sustainable developmen MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, environmental considerations are known to be a necessity in the country to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. In this regard, environmental impact assessment is an appropriate tool to achieve the sustainable development objectives. Thus, environmental impact assessment of constructing Tiam steel factories as a mechanism by providing the proper and reasonable techniques of human and natural resources can reduce the costs. The aim of this study is to identify and predict the environmental impacts of constructing Tiam Bistoon steel and rolling factories by using modified RIAM matrix, providing methods to reduce the harmful environmental effects and rendering corrective proceedings. Method: The study area is located in industrial town of Tiam Bistooon at the east of Fouman County. In this study, the prominent impacts of constructing Tiam Bistoon steel and rolling factory were investigated using modified RIAM method for analyzing the impacts of construction in two construction and operation phases. Findings: The results of analysis showed that construction activities and dismantling workshops, earthworks and construction camps had the greatest negative impact on air quality, noise level, soil erosion and surface water resources parameters in physico-chemical environment during the construction period. In biological environment, also, vegetation density would be mostly affected by clearing activities. Moreover, land use change and decline of health indicators have been known as the most significant negative impacts on the socio-economic environment. Conclusion: During the Tiam steel plant operation, the most effective activities have been identified to be combustion process, withdrawal of underground water resources, waste disposal, and transportation of raw materials and etc. which affected the regional air quality, noise level, amount of groundwater and soil characteristics. The most significant negative impact of the project, due to the gases emitted from combustion, would be on regional vegetation and habitat quality in the ecological and biological environment. Also creating job opportunities, thriving businesses and national development prosperity are the most significant positive effects of the project on the economic and social environment during the construction and operation periods. Due to the fact that most of the negative impacts of the project are in very small range, the project can be executed by applying environmental management methods and mitigation measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - Comparing the Application of Bayesian Modeling and Multi Criteria Decision Making Method in Environmental Risk Assessment of Dams (Case study: Taleghan Dam)
Negar Tayebzadeh Moghadam Bahram Malekmohammadi Ahmadreza YavariBackground and Objective: Environmental risk assessment is an important tool to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is application of Bayesian modeling method based on a hierarchical structure for prioritization, assessment and offering management MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental risk assessment is an important tool to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is application of Bayesian modeling method based on a hierarchical structure for prioritization, assessment and offering management solutions to reduce the hazards of Taleghan dam environmental risks. Method: In the first method, environmental risk assessment (ERA) of Taleghan dam was performed by using Bayesian Network (BN) and the Netica software. To compare the results of this method with those of conventional methods such as multi criteria decision making method (MCDM), ERA of Taleghan dam was also performed by MCDM method and use of the Expert Choice software. Findings: Based on the obtained results, the output node of the BN, changes in land use, effects on population and erosion and sedimentation are the most important risks and pollution, seismic, flooding, tourism and ecosensetivity are in second priorities. Conclusion: BN as a new method with some advantages such as considering the relation between variables and uncertainty conditions data is considered flexible model with high capacity for ERA. Therefore, to achieve a comprehensive solution for environmental risk of engineering projects such as dam construction, application of BN based on the MCDM has a high performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Investigation of Environmental Radioactivity in the Building Materials in Arak City
Reza Pourimani vahid HeidariBackground and Objective: Human beings are always exposed to ionizing radiation. One of the main sources of this radiation is the nuclear radiation related to the particular radioactive nuclei present in water, soil, rock, and construction materials. The ionizing radiat MoreBackground and Objective: Human beings are always exposed to ionizing radiation. One of the main sources of this radiation is the nuclear radiation related to the particular radioactive nuclei present in water, soil, rock, and construction materials. The ionizing radiation is harmful to living organisms, causing various diseases and sometimes genetic abnormalities. Therefore, study of radiation from building materials is of great importance. Method: In this study, 18 samples were collected from building materials in Arak city. Activity of natural radionuclides were determined using gamma ray spectrometry method using high purity germanium detector (HPGe) model GCD30195BSI with 30% relative efficiency. Radium equivalent, internal and external hazard indices, indoor and outdoor annual effective dose rates, and absorbed dose rate were also calculated for all of samples. Findings: The specific activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in these samples were calculated and varied from <0.32 to 143.50±1.44, < 0.86 to 175.95±2.01 and <2.12 to 1021.60±7.29 in Bq/kg respectively. The absorbed dose rate for collected samples varied from 20.21 to 220.61in nGy/h. The indoor and outdoor annual effective dose rates varied from 0.1 to 1.08 and 0.02 to .27 in mSv/y unit respectively. Internal and external hazard indices in the collected samples varied from 0.01 to 1.61 and 0.004 to 1.30 respectively. Conclusion: Acordingto the measurments, the minimum and maximum radium equivalent activities of <1.73 479.88±3/42 Bq/kg were obtained in Stucco (Code: GSS) and Qorveh Pumice (Code: PMQ) samples, respectively. The maximum permissible specific activity for radium equivalent is 370Bq/kg, which was only exceeded by PMQ sample. The results indicated that most of the materials used for construction are not hazardous to the the residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - Environmental impact assessment of Lavar plain artificial recharge plans in Bousher province
Pouria Ataei Soodeh KarimghasemiBackground and Objective: Concern about the illogical utilization of territory by humans have been increased. This can be due incorrect management in territorial administration and exploitation methods, which must be resolved in order to reach a sustainable development. MoreBackground and Objective: Concern about the illogical utilization of territory by humans have been increased. This can be due incorrect management in territorial administration and exploitation methods, which must be resolved in order to reach a sustainable development. In this regard, it is nessary that any kind of exploitation from nature is performed after assessment of environmental capacity. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure is considered as an assurance for environmental criteria and regulations in various plans and its main aim is to predict, recognize, an analyze in detail all the positive and negative impacts of a plan for natural and human environment. The aim this study was to cover the environmental impact assessment of Lavar plain artificial recharge plans in Bousher province. Method: In this study, ICOLD matrix method has been used. In this method, the environmental impact of each project activity in the construction and operation phases was measured. Findings: Findings revealed that the impacts of the plan on the whole environment were positive (+94 score). Conclusion: According to the results, implementation of artificial recharge plans based on the standards is permissible. Finally based on the results, some recommendations were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - Investigating students’ environmental attitude and knowledge in the University of Zanjan
Somayeh Naderlou Ali ShamsBackground and Objective: Some of the environmental problems are due to wrong behavior of human beings. Attitude and knowledge are effective on human beings' behaviors. University graduates are playing important role in the management of society and it is essential to s MoreBackground and Objective: Some of the environmental problems are due to wrong behavior of human beings. Attitude and knowledge are effective on human beings' behaviors. University graduates are playing important role in the management of society and it is essential to study their attitudes and knowledge about the environment and enhance their environmental culture. The aim of this descriptive-survey study was to investigate the attitude and knowledge of the students in the University of Zanjan about environment. Method: The target population consisted all the students of the University of Zanjan in the 1st semester of 2013-2014 (N=8944). According to the Krejci and Morgan formula, a sample size of 370 students was selected using a randomized multi-stage sampling method. Content and construct validity of the instrument was approved by a panel of experts, and its reliability was confirmed by conducting pretest and Cornbrash's alpha coefficient calculated as 0.78 and 0.73 for combined scales of attitude and knowledge. Findings: The results showed that majority of students (71.8%) have favorable environmental attitude and majority of them (78.2%) have a moderate level of knowledge about environment issues. Age, number of course units, and information using had a meaningful relationship with the level students’ attitude and knowledge. There are also positive meaningful relationship between attitude and knowledge of students in the Faculty of Science and Humanities, but this relationship was negative meaningful between the students of the Faculty of Agriculture. Conclusion: Increasing knowledge of the majority of students due to their favorable attitudes could have a significant effect on their behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - Investigating the effectiveness of laws and regulations governing air pollution in Iran
Daryoush Karimi Negin Mousavi MadaniAir pollution in the national and international levels, have adverse effects on human and natural environment. Technology development and urbanization, consequently, have led to increase of a wide variety of pollutants in the air. Being harmful to public health and the MoreAir pollution in the national and international levels, have adverse effects on human and natural environment. Technology development and urbanization, consequently, have led to increase of a wide variety of pollutants in the air. Being harmful to public health and the environment, they have raised the concerns of authorities to take specific measures to prevent contamination of air and environmental degradation. In recent years, in Iran especially in major cities, such pollution has increased significantly and it has caused irreparable damage to the health of individuals and the quality of properties. It seems that laws and regulations are somewhat sufficient to meet air pollution in Iran. In fact the problem of continuity of air pollution is not due to laws and regulations, but the law enforcers who are not doing their duties properly are the main problem. On the other hand, since the possibility of compensation for damage caused by air pollution, because of its nature and characteristic, is somehow low, much of this damage remains uncompensated. However, there are still some solutions to effectiveness of laws and regulations for air pollution, at the local level. Thus thispaper attempts to addressair pollution in metropolises of Iran in terms of effective laws and regulations and also to introduce applicable methods in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Environmental Educational Need Assessment of school students in the khouzestan province
Nayereh Saadati Darious Karimi Masoud MonavariEnvironmental education can be called a new discipline by which human being can continue his living by nature better. In this discipline, principal, values, personal responsibility, professional even behavior customs should move in according to nature and develop. In or MoreEnvironmental education can be called a new discipline by which human being can continue his living by nature better. In this discipline, principal, values, personal responsibility, professional even behavior customs should move in according to nature and develop. In order to establish this educational and intellectual system, the current investigation attempts to analyze and assess the environment’s educational needs of students in Khouzestan province. This study is an applied and descriptive type of survey and from the study method perspective has employed a synthetic need assessment model. Sampling population consisted of the girl and boy students of secondary schools and high schools of Khuzestan province, in academic year 1386-1387(2007-2008). Sample of investigation consisted of 1067 students which selected through cluster sampling from Ahvaz, Behbahan, Masjed Soleiman, and Bandar-e-Emam cities. The questionnaire for gathering information was prepared based on experts’ opinions in environmental education and has had considerable validity and reliability. The research data analysis was done whit the help of descriptive statistic, including various distribution tables, mean and standard deviation as well as inferential statistic F test , chi-square test, Analysis Of Variance,correlation coefficient, Duncan test, and factor analysis. Some of the findings of the research are as follows: 1)The textbooks’ contents do not provide the students with adequate information and stimulant about the student’s living environment. 2) School teachers in Khouzestan don’t supply the students with information and stimulant in accordance with the area’s environment. 3) Extracurricular and side activities related to environment are rare in Khouzestan province’s schools, and the students lack enough information and stimulant about their living environment and surroundings. 4) Extracurricular activities proved more effect in stimulating the students to environment and their knowledge than the two other variables: textbooks’ content and teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - Identification of the Factors Influencing Awareness of High School Teachers about Environmental Protection
Bahman Khosravipour Zahra Salarvand Feyzollah MonavarifardBackground and Objective: Education along with other educational systems can introduce the main environmental concepts to various social groups. In the meantime, teachers as one of the main components of training process, play a key role in environmental education. Th MoreBackground and Objective: Education along with other educational systems can introduce the main environmental concepts to various social groups. In the meantime, teachers as one of the main components of training process, play a key role in environmental education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing awareness of high school teachers about environmental protection. Method: Statistical population of this research consisted of high school teacher of Dorud (N=150). A random sampling method was used to collect data. 100 persons were selected as sample using Morgan Table. The main tool to collect data was a researcher-made questionnaire. A panel of experts approved content validity of the questionnaire and its reliability were confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α ≥ 0/80). Descriptive analysis performed by using SPSS V20. Findings: Results showed that television, leaflet, magazines, book and newspaper have the highest importance in contributing to awareness of teachers about the environment. Results of factor analysis showed that three factors of mass, interpersonal and scholastic sources of notification explained 54.94% of variance in the variables used for factor analysis. Conclusion: Mass, interpersonal and scholastic sources of notification have a unique role in awareness of high school teachers about environmental protection. Since human environmental behavior is influenced by environmental awareness, it is necessary to increase environmental awareness of teachers by these communication mechanisms in order to protect the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - Qualitative Research Approaches for Environmental Sciences: A review
Pezhman Roudgarmi Abbas AkbarzadehThe environmental sciences can be constituted based on some branches of natural science, social science and applied science. Solving environmental problems requires integration of expertise in some academic disciplines. This challenge stems from the essence of environme MoreThe environmental sciences can be constituted based on some branches of natural science, social science and applied science. Solving environmental problems requires integration of expertise in some academic disciplines. This challenge stems from the essence of environmental sciences because these fields have an interdisciplinary nature. The most academic disciplines have specialized research methodology, but environmental sciences need to some research methodologies. The aim of this paper is to present qualitative research methodology for solving environmental problems and respond to expected questions through gathering and inferring from the results of various qualitative studies. In this paper, various qualitative research approaches used in the studies are discussed. Using qualitative research is inevitable under some conditions. Based on presented cases, the capability of qualitative research in environmental areas is explained. Qualitative research can respond to many questions in environmental researches and professional reports. Qualitative research approaches may be used to respond the questions arisen in preparation of environmental professional reports. This research methodology has the advantage that can be performed with minimum planning and equipment. In many complex environmental studies, design of quantitative research is very difficult or impossible. In this condition, using qualitative research design is an appropriate option. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - The moderating effect of environmental uncertainty and the existence of business ties on the relationship between social capital and performance in Tehran Stock Exchange
seyed javad ebrahimian Abbasali Pouraghajan javad ramezani mohmmad mehdi abbasianKnowledge, information, and experience, collectively called intellectual capital, are the foundation of success in the 21st century. These intangible resources are the key to creating and maintaining a competitive advantage.The main purpose of this study is to investiga MoreKnowledge, information, and experience, collectively called intellectual capital, are the foundation of success in the 21st century. These intangible resources are the key to creating and maintaining a competitive advantage.The main purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of environmental uncertainty and the existence of business ties between the social capital and the real value of companies and their financial performance; An issue that has a decisive importance and place in the success or failure of companies. The noteworthy point of this research is the study of social capital issues and companies' performance under conditions of environmental uncertainty and the existence of business ties affected by knowledge assets. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study consists of 488 managers, officials and supervisors of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, from which 215 people were selected as a sample with a proportional allocation from Morgan's sample size estimation table. The data collected are classified and classified using descriptive statistics.the structural equation model (SEM) model method is used Pearson correlation coefficient is used to determine the relationships between the variables. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed using AMOS software. results showed that business ties and environmental uncertainty play as mediating variables in the relationship between social capital and overall performance, both organizational performance and market performance, with the difference that the effect of business ties is positive but environmental uncertainty is negative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Identification and Ranking of Green investment Factors
jaber jabbari piryousefian alireza nobariToday, companies in the competitive market are required to produce products that respect environmental factors. And they must comply with the relevant standards (such as ISO14001). The purpose of this study was to identify and rank the green and green production factors MoreToday, companies in the competitive market are required to produce products that respect environmental factors. And they must comply with the relevant standards (such as ISO14001). The purpose of this study was to identify and rank the green and green production factors through the AHP hierarchical process analysis method. The sampling method was purposeful and carried out in 2017. The research is a descriptive and applied research. With the comprehensive study of research background and deep interview with experts, seven major criteria of pure-green production have been identified and prioritized. Human capital management in the production process with the weight of 0.310 is the most important factor. The results also show that the three factors for developing employee participation and participation, the continuous improvement of the service delivery process, and the establishment of an environmental management system are the most important factors in reducing all aspects of assessment or types of waste in the pure green production system. These results in the form of non-monetary or sustainability reporting provide a comprehensive picture of the organization's activities and a balanced view of its effects and benefits in terms of economic, social and environmental dimensions, and as the financial measurement of the sustainability of companies is increasing , The risk assessment and expected returns of corporate governance performance will be possible with a sustainability approach, and investing in sustainability dimensions is considered to be a relative advantage for investors and is considered as one of the underlying factors of a trading position. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Bankruptcy of Iranian Firms
Alereza Mohammadnezami Zahra Lashgari Hossein Izadiهدف از این پژوهش بررسی شناسایی واولویت بندی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر ورشکستگی شرکتها در ایران بوده است. تعداد نمونه در این تحقیق 191از خبرگان درموضوع ورشکستگی میباشد و از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی برای انتخاب شرکت کنندگان در تحقیق استفاده شده است. پرسشنامه استفاده شده در این تحقی Moreهدف از این پژوهش بررسی شناسایی واولویت بندی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر ورشکستگی شرکتها در ایران بوده است. تعداد نمونه در این تحقیق 191از خبرگان درموضوع ورشکستگی میباشد و از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی برای انتخاب شرکت کنندگان در تحقیق استفاده شده است. پرسشنامه استفاده شده در این تحقیق با استفاده از روش دلفی و بهره گیری 15نفر ازاساتید در موضوع تنظیم ونهایی شده است . برای بررسی صحت فرضیات تحقیق از روش آزمون تی تک نمونه ای، آزمون رگرسیون و تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان دادند پنچ عامل خطاهای مدیریتی، اعمال مجرمانه، بحرانهای محیطی، خطای های حسابداری، عامل حوادث عمده ترین گروه هایی هستند که موجب ورشکستگی شرکتها در ایران هستند و عامل خطاهای مدیریتی اولین اولویت ورشکستگی شرکتها در ایران بوده است لذا بهره گیری از روشهای نوین مدیریت در سطوح مختلف شرکتها جهت جلوگیری از خطاهای مدیریتی در تصمیم گیری ها و ورشکستگی شرکتها سودمند خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - Stakeholder Integration and Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Environmental Sustainability Orientation
Masoud Farahabady Farzaneh Heidarpoor Azita JahanshadThe purpose of this study was to study the impact of stakeholder integration and financial performance with respect to the mediating role of environmental sustainability orientation. The statistical sample consisted of 392 managers and experts of stock exchange companie MoreThe purpose of this study was to study the impact of stakeholder integration and financial performance with respect to the mediating role of environmental sustainability orientation. The statistical sample consisted of 392 managers and experts of stock exchange companies who were selected using random sampling method. The type of research was applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection with a description of structural equation modeling. Examining the results of the analysis, testing the hypotheses showed that stakeholder integration has an impact on financial performance with the mediating role of environmental sustainability orientation. Accordingly, stakeholder monitoring and participation in management behavior in the field of environmental sustainability orientation according to agency theory, in addition to improving economic performance due to better production and management strategies, including long-term benefits of environmental performance. Better yet, it will be like avoiding environmental commitments in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Environmental Niche Capacity and Peer Effect in Funding Liquidity Risk of Banks
Tayebe Bakhtiarian Gholamhossein Asadi Hossein Abdo Tabrizi Teymor MohammadiPeer effects is a pervasive phenomenon in a business world and several theories have been proposed to explain that. Since this phenomenon can have different positive or negative consequences in different domains, therefore, in this paper using information and competitio MorePeer effects is a pervasive phenomenon in a business world and several theories have been proposed to explain that. Since this phenomenon can have different positive or negative consequences in different domains, therefore, in this paper using information and competition based theories and Organizational ecology theory and By defining an index called environmental niche capacity, the relationship between the index and peer influence has been investigated in banking industry of Iran in order to help to form macro prudential policy to control peer effects as a systemic risk factor in that industry. The research sample includes all active banks of Iran from 2002 to 2016 and the models used are linear regression model based on Manski's approach with unbalanced micro-panel data and two stage least squares method to estimate peer effects coefficient and linear regression model with time series data to evaluate relation between peer effects and environmental niche capacity index and also concentration and uncertainty index. The evidences shows that the correlation of niche index is significant both during boom and bust, but during recession the coefficient is increased by approximately 2/1 times, indicating the importance of liquidity management by central bank to control peer effects systemic factor and crisis formation in the banking system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Impact of Environmental Uncertainty on on speed of adjustment to target leverage
Mohamad Ali ahmadi Allahkaram Salehi Saeed Nasiri Alireza jorjorzadehThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Environmental Uncertainty on speed of adjustment to target leverage of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The coefficient of variation (CV) of sales (scaled by total assets) to capture environmental uncertain MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Environmental Uncertainty on speed of adjustment to target leverage of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The coefficient of variation (CV) of sales (scaled by total assets) to capture environmental uncertainty. For this purpose three hypotheses are developed and data on the 142 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1389 to 1397 were analyzed. This regression model using combined data with a consolidated approach, reviews and tests. The results showed that the criteria of Environmental Uncertainty has significant positive impact on speed of adjustment to target leverage. Moreover, the results showed that the effect of Environmental Uncertainty on speed of adjustment to target leverage in firms with a above-target leverage adjust their leverage More than in firms with a below-target leverage adjust their leverage. Therefore, the research results indicate that Environmental uncertainty, Makes information asymmetry between management and stakeholders more acute it also imposes serious restrictions for the company, and influences the strategy and decisions of company managers. As a result, the target lever adjusts faster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - A classification model of factors affecting application of corporate venture capital strategy: An Interpretive Structural Modeling approach
Hossein Ghazanfari Seyed Hamid Khodadad Hosseini Asadolah Kord Naeij Adel AzarIn many cases, Internal R&D cannot follow the changes in the organization’s turbulent environment with the sufficient pace. So the companies in such markets have to complete their internal R&D activities with external development strategies. Use of corpora MoreIn many cases, Internal R&D cannot follow the changes in the organization’s turbulent environment with the sufficient pace. So the companies in such markets have to complete their internal R&D activities with external development strategies. Use of corporate venture capital as an external development strategy is growing among large Iranian companies. In this research, we are going to propose a classification model of factors affect the application of corporate venture capital strategy in Iranian companies. Data has been gathered through interview to experts and Literature review. Then factors have been Identified based on a content analysis. The built model in an ISM approach has been analyzed in a MICMAC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Green Human Resource Management A Investment Approach and Sustainable Development
Seyed-Reza Seyedjavadin Taher Roshandel Arbatani Alireza NobariThe world is entering and experiencing green economy. In this economy, human resource and human capital as the bases of economic growth showed its superiority over physical capital. Considering consumers' demand and future changes of jobs are survival necessities of eco MoreThe world is entering and experiencing green economy. In this economy, human resource and human capital as the bases of economic growth showed its superiority over physical capital. Considering consumers' demand and future changes of jobs are survival necessities of economy. Of course environmental issues and sustainable development are priorities of these changes. Human resource management introduce green Human Resource Management by focusing on human capital, environmental management plans and integrating them. In this way, they provide facilities and interesting conditions for all actors and investors. Consequently, by practicing in these programs, in addition to improving environmental performance of organization and considering sustainable development policies, the create beneficial relationships. Green management by optimizing resource and reducing waste of energy is passing industry- based financial systems and moving toward talent and capacity- based economic. In this paper, we introduce human capital as a key factor in sustainable development for improving economic development. Moreover, as a model of green Human Resource Management that is the main problem of the study. To fulfill the purpose of the study, seven stages of meta- synthesis were applied for investigating previous studies of researchers in 2010 to 2015. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Environmental Assessment and Congestion for DMUs With Undesirable Outputs
M. ‎Khodadadi‎ H. Zare Haghighi -
Open Access Article
436 - Providing the Optimal Urban Furniture Graphic Reading pattern in order to realize the Quality of the Environment (Case of study: District 2 of Tehran)
Katayoun Teymourian Parvaneh Zivyar seyyed Mani EsniashariOne of the most important human needs that must be answered in the context of urban life is the need for social life. Cities with a favorable visual environment are able to improve the society's mental image of itself by expanding the aesthetic experience of citizens. S MoreOne of the most important human needs that must be answered in the context of urban life is the need for social life. Cities with a favorable visual environment are able to improve the society's mental image of itself by expanding the aesthetic experience of citizens. Strengthen their civic pride. District 2 of Tehran Municipality is one of the largest urban areas of Tehran, which has many extra-urban uses. Due to the existence of such uses, the volume of traffic and travel within the city to region 2 is very high; For this reason, it is important in the discussion of the concept of environmental graphics and urban furniture. The purpose of the present research is to present the optimal urban furniture graphic reading model in order to realize the quality of the environment in the 2nd district of Tehran as a densely populated area. The research method that governs the research is the mixed method (quantitative-qualitative) and in terms of the purpose, it is an applied research type. The collection of research data has been done in library form and through survey studies and review of theoretical research literature. In the final stage, the data was analyzed using the Friedman test and t-test, and among the indicators affecting the environmental graphics, the index of urban elements with a value of 2.25 and the index of drawn paintings are among the indicators affecting urban furniture. With different colors on the walls with a value of 1.45 respectively, the highest and lowest indicators of the environmental graphics of the area have been recognized. The urban furniture elements of the range lack the necessary efficiency for the citizens. Monitoring the design, construction and location of urban elements and urban furniture designed in the studied area is low in terms of common standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Qualitative assessment of the social-environmental components of the Gawooshan dam project from the point of view of the project actors
soheila sefidgar farahnaz Rostami Maryam TatarBackground and purpose: Many researches have been conducted in the field of social impact assessment of rural projects, but few researches can be found that examine the social impact assessment from the perspective of the stakeholders. This is despite the fact that the MoreBackground and purpose: Many researches have been conducted in the field of social impact assessment of rural projects, but few researches can be found that examine the social impact assessment from the perspective of the stakeholders. This is despite the fact that the evaluation of social effects with the participation of stakeholders can lead to the formulation of more serious programs, better evaluation and management of conflicts in this field. Therefore, the present study investigates the social effects of the dam as perceived by the stakeholders in order to gain a deep insight using the qualitative method. Methods: The current research has used the qualitative paradigm and the descriptive-interpretive research method to achieve the research goal. For this purpose, 10 key experts (Agricultural Jihad of Kermanshah province, Natural Resources Department and Environment and Water-Regional Department of Kermanshah province) and 28 local people of the villages covered by the project were studied. Data collection was done through focused group discussions, in-depth individual interviews, observation and document study with an average time of 25 to 40 minutes. The interviews were analyzed using the communicative content analysis method. Reliability was established through the control of people's opinions by other interview participants and the researcher's self-review during the data analysis process. Reassurance (validity) was also done by presenting all documents, notes and recorded interviews to the research team after analysis by the researcher. Results: The results of the interviews showed that the participants in the research evaluated the effects of the dam on the quality of life by expressing 38 positive concepts and improving the sense of place by expressing 5 positive concepts and believe that the implementation of this project will lead to a decrease in social capital by expressing 23 The concept of impact and damage to natural and environmental resources has been defined by expressing 10 concepts of impact. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the research show the impact of the implementation of development projects on all social, economic and environmental aspects of the residents of the region. Therefore, planners and officials are advised to pay attention to the evaluation of all dimensions of development, especially the social dimensions of the residents of the affected areas, in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the programs in the implementation of development interventions at the strategic level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Measuring the Environmental Sustainability of Tabriz City Based on Environmental Indicators of Smart Urban Growth
Ali Zeynali Azim Elham Hatami Golzari Islam Karami Solmaz Babazadeh OskouiBackground and Aim: Due to the urban sprawl in the world that has been created as a result of urban development. Extensive changes in cities and their populations have led to demographic and environmental crises. New strategies, including smart growth, have been propose MoreBackground and Aim: Due to the urban sprawl in the world that has been created as a result of urban development. Extensive changes in cities and their populations have led to demographic and environmental crises. New strategies, including smart growth, have been proposed to overcome this challenge with the approach of guiding cities towards a more sustainable environmental approach. The purpose of this study is to measure the environmental sustainability of Tabriz based on environmental indicators of urban smart growth.Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology; And data collection was based on library and survey methods. The statistical population of the study includes all specialists and professors of environment and urban planning in the city of Tabriz. The sample size is 25 experts. Structural equation method (SEM) was used to analyze the data using Smart Pls software.Results: The results showed that for environmental sustainability in the city of Tabriz, among the environmental indicators of urban smart growth, air pollution index, green space and outdoor space with coefficients extracted based on the research structural model of 0.825, 0.799 and 0.781 has the highest and waste production with a coefficient of 0.705 has the lowest impact.Discussion and Conclusion: As a result, in order to achieve environmental sustainability in the city of Tabriz, much attention should be paid to environmental indicators of smart growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - Analysis of Normative Hierarchy in International Environmental Law
Mojtaba Sobhaninia Mohsen Abdollahi Seyed Abbas PoorhashemiBackground and Aim: Although international law mostly composed of identical norms, it contains some hierarchical elements. At the top of this hierarchy are the Jus Cogens norms, which have a higher legal quality than other norms. On the other hand, customary rules of in MoreBackground and Aim: Although international law mostly composed of identical norms, it contains some hierarchical elements. At the top of this hierarchy are the Jus Cogens norms, which have a higher legal quality than other norms. On the other hand, customary rules of international law also have a special place among legal norms, because customary rules of international law are generally binding on all states and have erga omnes effect and consequently limit the sovereignty of states. Accordingly, the international community is transitioning from state-centered community to human-centered community in which the element of the will of states as the factor in shaping the rules of international law is modified and international principles and values, including the protection of the global environment, play a greater role in gradual development of international law.Methods: This research is based on analytical-descriptive legal inductive method.Findings: The present study seeks to develop a normative hierarchical theory in the realm of international environmental law in order to provide a solution to address the shortcomings of the international environmental law system. The findings of this study show that the normative hierarchy in international environmental law, through the fundamental values of the international community, which appear in the form of customary rules and Jus Cogens norms of international law, provide a framework for environmental protection and resolving normative conflicts in international litigation. Results: The conclusion of the present article is that some principles of international environmental law, such as the principle of no-harm, which requires due diligence, have been recognized as a customary rule in the realm of international environmental law. On the other hand, it seems that despite the fact that some environmental norms have the capacity to become Jus Cogens norms, they have not yet been able to achieve that status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Prioritization of Sustainable Development Components in the Planning of Ecology Parks Case study: (Mashhad Park Mountain)
Toktam Hanaee Moslem Seyedolhosseini Elnaz KhaliliBackground and Objective: By reviewing the previous articles on the two areas of ecology park and sustainable development, it can be concluded that most studies have focused on the concepts and components of these two areas separately and a study on the integration of t MoreBackground and Objective: By reviewing the previous articles on the two areas of ecology park and sustainable development, it can be concluded that most studies have focused on the concepts and components of these two areas separately and a study on the integration of these two areas and interactions. They have not been done on top of each other, so the main purpose of this study is to identify the compone Methods: This research is quantitative in terms of a practical purpose, in terms of the nature and method of carrying out descriptive-analytical work and its research method. For the questions of the questionnaire, 28 active experts in the field of sustainable development and green space of Mashhad were selected by the full number method. Analyzing the results, according to the type of spectrum used in the questions, structural equations and factor analysis were used by Smart Pls and SPSS software. nts of ecological parks and prioritize them with the approach of sustainable urban development. Results: The findings of this study indicate that the importance of the main components in the ecological park, which includes 89% environmental sustainability, 55% socio-economic sustainability, and 57% physical-functional sustainability, respectively, so the highest priority with The variable is environmental sustainability, and the lowest priority is socio-economic sustainability. Discussion and Conclusions: The results indicate that the priority of ecological park indicators to promote sustainable development, respectively, priority includes energy sustainability - office building, energy sustainability — ecology, ecological diversity, conservation — ecology, welfare and health, social justice, economic security participation and attendance, functional flexibility, physical diversity, green landscape, diversity of routes, sustainable transportation, pedestrianization and functional creativity. In Mashhad Park Mountain, among the three main components, the highest score is related to environmental sustainability due to the natural mountain bed and the lowest score is socio-economic sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Geopolitical and Environmental Study of the Pollutions in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman
sona ghasemi Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi ali zare parvin farshchi Davood Hermidas BavandThe sources of pollutions in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman are very widespread and various. Oil and atmospheric pollutions, ships traffic, discovering activities through the seabed, waste offloading; municipal waste disposal, constructing artificial islands, dis MoreThe sources of pollutions in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman are very widespread and various. Oil and atmospheric pollutions, ships traffic, discovering activities through the seabed, waste offloading; municipal waste disposal, constructing artificial islands, discharging saline wastewater of desalination machines, etc. are the most important recognized sources of pollution in the region. However, the dominating legal system of the present common and conventional law cannot confront these various and widespread pollutions. Political challenges, regional competitions, and legal gaps (regional or international) have led to non-cooperation in confronting sea pollution. The present study, using an analytical and inductive method, focused on this issue. The results showed that the gaps in combating the Persian Gulf pollution have impacted on the behavior of political stakeholders and that the international cooperation is a must for filling the legal and administrative gaps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Designing a Model of Virtual Water Education in the Agricultural Sector with the Approach of Resistance Economy and Sustainable Development
Mohammad Yousefinejad Maryam Larijani Seyed Mohammad Shobeiri Mahdieh RezaeiBackground and purpose: The water crisis is one of the most paramount challenges in Tehran province. Virtual water management and education in many countries is a measure to overcome water shortage, especially in the agricultural sector. In Iran, virtual water consumpti MoreBackground and purpose: The water crisis is one of the most paramount challenges in Tehran province. Virtual water management and education in many countries is a measure to overcome water shortage, especially in the agricultural sector. In Iran, virtual water consumption per capita in the agricultural sector is about 20% higher than the world average. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of virtual water education in the agricultural sector with the approach of resistance economy and sustainable development in order to inform the users of virtual water and protect the environment, water resources, and sustainable development in the year 2021.Method: The method of this research was a combination. In the qualitative phase of the research, in order to identify the main and sub-components of the model, the technique of grounded theory was utilized. A semi-structured interview method was conducted to collect data in this phase. The purposeful snowball method was applied in the qualitative phase for sampling. The statistical population of the quantitative part included professors of related universities, experts, and managers of the executive organizations of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. According to the statistics and information obtained, the total number of contacts was 360. The sample size was determined by Cochran's formula of 181 people. A researcher-made questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was designed to collect data. Descriptive statistics measures (mean, standard deviation, variance, frequency, and percentage) were calculated for data analysis in the quantitative phase, and confirmatory factor analysis was employed in the inferential phase.Findings: The results of comparing the mean value of the components obtained from the test (t-test) illustrated that there is a significant difference of 1 percent between the current and desired means in all components and the current state of virtual water management education is not desirable. The validity of the questionnaire constructs was calculated by the convergent validity method at the level of 0.49 and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by the ordinal coefficient alpha at the level of 0.81. The qualitative findings of the research revealed that 11 components and 37 sub-components were the components of the virtual water education model in the agricultural sector. Based on the standard factor loadings of qvh(γ), the content components of virtual water education (0.97), methods of virtual water education (0.96), and principles of virtual water education (0.92) are respectively, the most substantial in explained the model of virtual water education. Moreover, the confirmatory factor analysis of the components illustrated that the identified components had sufficient factor loading to predict virtual water education in the agricultural sector.Discussion and Conclusion: The fit indicators of the education model in the agricultural sector illustrated that the developed model has a good fit and in addition to awareness and behavior change, the model can be a road map for the trustees and agents of education activities for virtual water users in the agricultural sector. Implementing virtual water education through the prepared model can be expected to prevent the wastage of water resources in the agricultural sector and protect natural resources. Furthermore, based on the upstream documents, it is an opportunity to attain modern agriculture, resistance economy, sustainable development, and environmental protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - Remote Sensing is a New Solution in Preparing the Country's Environmental Cadastral Maps
Fahimeh Zaeri Saeid SadeghianBackground and Amin: Purposeful and environmentally friendly development paves the way for the development of society by proper use of natural resources and resources such as mines, forests and seas and is also effective in preserving and protecting the environment. Tod MoreBackground and Amin: Purposeful and environmentally friendly development paves the way for the development of society by proper use of natural resources and resources such as mines, forests and seas and is also effective in preserving and protecting the environment. Today, land management by registration and maintenance Its information is possible in the cadastral system. The cadastre includes all information in various fields of water, agriculture, property, politics, geography, mines and natural resources. Preparation of cadastre in different and comprehensive sections, in addition to the development of society, can support the individual and social rights of individuals. Methods: New remote sensing technology and GIS can be used to prepare cadastral maps. The use of UAV technology and satellite images with high resolution is very effective. In this article, using the Modis satellite images, the water area of Shadegan wetland in the last few years has been studied Findings: In different countries such as Switzerland, Denmark and Poland, by creating thematic and comprehensive cadastres in the fields of agriculture and animal husbandry, the economy and real estate have achieved good results in economic, cultural and social development. Results: The protection of natural resources is an important principle along with the development of society. In Iran, too, the country's economy, development and prosperity can be helped by creating thematic cadastres, especially in the environmental sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Restorative Mechanisms against Environmental Crimes in Iran’s Criminal Justice System
Fatemeh dehdarzadeAs a criminal phenomenon, environmental crimes require provisioning reactive strategies by administrators of criminal justice system. Restorative mechanisms as a considerable part of reactive strategies and their statuses in the criminal justice system are of subjects l MoreAs a criminal phenomenon, environmental crimes require provisioning reactive strategies by administrators of criminal justice system. Restorative mechanisms as a considerable part of reactive strategies and their statuses in the criminal justice system are of subjects less studied analytically. Using descriptive-analytical methods and library data, the present research explained and evaluated restorative mechanisms against environmental crimes in the present Iranian criminal justice system. The results showed that although in the present Iranian criminal justice system and regarding environmental crimes restorative mechanisms don’t function as criminal and suppressive mechanisms, this doesn’t mean that criminal legislator has ignored them altogether; in fact, some strategies can be explained and evaluated including environmental mediation, provisioning restorative function for NGOs, damages awarded by courts as some complementary for criminal punishments, and also legal assistance for the victims of environmental crimes. Despite the fact that Iranian criminal legislator considered partially the restorative mechanisms against environmental crimes, some faults can be seen in implementing these mechanisms among which more important ones include limited intervention by NGOs in the preferring process and participating in hearings, approving by the head of the judiciary the names of NGOs authorized in performing these duties, making non-mandatory the environmental liability insurance for the future professions, lack of legal regulations on compensation funds for environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - The effect of financial markets on environmental quality
parvaneh salatin Azar ebrahimian kafshayBackground and Purpose: In the process of financial development, the mobilization and allocation of funds are done with higher quality and efficiency. Meanwhile, the financing of various projects including environmental projects is possible with greater ease and lower c MoreBackground and Purpose: In the process of financial development, the mobilization and allocation of funds are done with higher quality and efficiency. Meanwhile, the financing of various projects including environmental projects is possible with greater ease and lower cost. Financial development provides the possibility of attracting foreign investments coupled with lower pollution by providing financial resources required to perform advanced and equipped research and development units as well as the access to more efficient and eco-friendly technologies that require more financial resources. On the other hand, developed countries tend to implement their polluting industries to countries which have lower environmental standards. This direct foreign investment results in enhancement of pollution level in developing countries. In this regard, the main objective of this article is to investigate the effect of financial markets on air pollution as an indicator of the quality of the environment in the group of selected middle income countries.Methodology: The present study is an applied, causal and deductive research. Data and information collection methods include documents review, digital information and note-taking system.Results: In this regard, the main aim of this study is effectiveness of financial markets on environmental quality in middle income countries. The results were obtained from the estimate model by using the fixed effects method in selected countries within the time period 2000-2015. Domestic credit granted to the private sector (% of GDP) as an indicator of the money market and the ratio of traded shares to the stock market trading volume as an indicator of the capital market have a positive and meaningful impact on co2 emission in middle-income countries. The effectiveness of domestic credit granted to the private sector (% of GDP) on co2 emission is higher than the ratio of traded shares to the stock market trading volume in middle-income countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Assessing the residents' satisfaction with the architectural quality of Mehr housing New city of Sahand according to the indicators of sustainable architecture
Hamed Pooyafar Hassan sattari Sarbangholi Hassan Ebrahimi Asl Shabnam Akbari NamdarBackground and Objective: Measuring residential satisfaction as one of the indicators of the quality of the residential environment is one of the main topics and of interest to researchers in architecture and urban planning studies. The purpose of this research is to in MoreBackground and Objective: Measuring residential satisfaction as one of the indicators of the quality of the residential environment is one of the main topics and of interest to researchers in architecture and urban planning studies. The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the satisfaction of the residents of Mehr housing in terms of architectural quality, according to the indicators of sustainable architecture that lead to the stability and satisfaction of the residents of Mehr housing. Material and Methodology: The current research method was descriptive-analytical and data collection was done in the form of survey and library studies. The statistical population of the research includes 25394 residents of Mehr Sahand housing, of which 378 people were selected as a sample to distribute the questionnaire using the Cochran sampling method. Face validity was used for validity of questions and Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. For data analysis, structural equation method with Spss and Amos software was used. The results showed that according to the second-order factor analysis, the factor loadings of all factors of sustainable architecture quality on the satisfaction level of the residents of Mehr residence are greater than 0.4 and are significant at the 99% probability level. The results of the research showed that the greatest effects were related to physical-functional factors with a factor load (0.75), followed by socio-semantic factors with a factor load (0.69) and structural-spatial quality with a factor load (0.61). and environmental quality with factor load (0.55). Discussion and conclusion: In the end, it is concluded that four architectural quality factors have been effective in terms of sustainable architecture indicators and have a direct and meaningful relationship with the residents' satisfaction with Mehr housing city Sahand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - The Integrated System of Environmental Assessments: An Instrument for the Application of Precautionary Environmental Law
Saeid Ferdowsi , Masoud Monavari Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi Reza MaknoonBackground and Purpose: Sustainable economic and social development can only be perceived in a healthy environment. In line with the national efforts to align the development initiatives with environmental considerations, it is necessary to take into account the potenti MoreBackground and Purpose: Sustainable economic and social development can only be perceived in a healthy environment. In line with the national efforts to align the development initiatives with environmental considerations, it is necessary to take into account the potential impacts of development initiatives at all levels to prevent such impacts from happening.Methodology: This study has been carried out through the desk review of available information. The basic premise of the study falls within the realm of precautionary environmental law.Findings: The study suggests that the currently used environmental assessment model that focuses on project level Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) does not suffice to address the environmental impacts of upstream policies, plans and programmes.Discussions and conclusions: Several decades into the use of EIA as a legally bound mechanism to determine and address the potential environmental repercussions of development projects, there is a need for the system to mainstream the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of upstream development decisions. To that effect, the paper proposes a wholesome model that promotes the integrated application of EIA and SEA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - Environmental Rights from the Perspective of Islam with the Method of Discursive Institutionalism
Ebrahim YaghoutiEnvironmental legal discourses discuss the legal relationship between humans, the environment, and existing social powers. Islam's attention to all areas of human life, especially the environment, can provide the basis for the development of environmental rights, especi MoreEnvironmental legal discourses discuss the legal relationship between humans, the environment, and existing social powers. Islam's attention to all areas of human life, especially the environment, can provide the basis for the development of environmental rights, especially in response to environmental crises. In this research, the new approach of discursive institutionalism has been used to study environmental rights from the perspective of Islam. In it, the discourse theory of Lacla and Moufe is integrated with institutionalism and based on the dialectical relationship of discourses as macro-level mentalities with the objective realities of society (institutions involved in the environment. In the structure of Islamic legal discourse about the environment around the central sign of "God-centered approach to the environment", a semantic system consisting of the main signifiers of "mutual relationship between man and the environment", "legal rules supporting the environment", "jurisprudential institutions including considerations Environment" and "Environmental rules and lifestyle of Islam" have been formed. This discourse has the ability to be realized and implemented in the context of institutional arrangements including enfal, commonalities, accounting and ownership. The discursive institutionalism approach, by providing a context for the development of Islamic environmental rights, can inspire the formulation of laws and the way of implementing environmental laws. Undoubtedly, the hegemony of the Islamic legal discourse on the environment will bring many fruits in the protection and protection of the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Developing an integrated management model for the country's energy sector with an emphasis on environmental policies (case study: oil sector)
masoumeh asadi Saeed Motahari maryam farahani azita behbahaniniaBackground and Objective: The necessity of addressing the environment in the oil industry and related industries becomes clearer when we realize that it is impossible to move in the direction of continuous industrial improvement without paying attention to the environme MoreBackground and Objective: The necessity of addressing the environment in the oil industry and related industries becomes clearer when we realize that it is impossible to move in the direction of continuous industrial improvement without paying attention to the environment. Environmental issues are a completely cross-sectoral issue and all members of the society, especially organizations and institutions, should take advantage of the power and efficiency of their organizations in preserving and maintaining the environment as a public duty from any activity that is related to pollution or prevent irreparable destruction of the environment. The aim of this research is to design an integrated management model for the country's energy sector with an emphasis on environmental policies. Material and Methodology: This article is a qualitative research. The statistical sample of the research (elite) has been selected as a cluster from among the members of the statistical community. In this way, the statistical population was first divided into different clusters (cluster of faculty members, cluster of oil sector managers, experts in the field of oil industry in 1400), then, according to reaching data saturation, a total of 25 experts were interviewed. To analyze the data in the interviews section, three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding have been used. Data analysis has been done according to the grounded theorizing method after conducting the interview, during three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding. To do this, Maxqda software was used. Findings: Based on the findings of this research, 18 components were extracted from the 101 primary concepts in the axial coding and finally, in the selective coding stage, 5 main categories were extracted under the headings of social dimension, technical dimension, economic dimension, environmental dimension and legal dimension. political and legal were selected as the dimensions of the integrated management model of the country's energy sector in the final model. Discussion and conclusion: Environmental and international policies can reduce the pollution of the energy sector, including oil, and the legal measures carried out at the international level can control and monitor the environment. Institutional and political factors play a key role in promoting the transition to renewable energy, and improving these factors can lead to decarbonization of the energy sector in the long term. Global financial development has no significant long-term impact on the transition process, which means that the entire financial system needs a fundamental structural change to accelerate the substitution between polluting and clean energies. However, in the short term, the impact appears to be negative and significant, highlighting the inadequacy of financial institutions and financial markets in promoting a sustainable path in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - The Impact of Rural Landscape on Environmental Quality and Rural Tourism Development (Case study: Baraghan district, Savojbolagh county)
maliheh babakhani reza samehBackground and Objective: Improving the quality of the rural environment and improving the rural appearance and landscape have significant roles in rural development and turning these areas into tourist destinations. The purpose of this article is to identify and survey MoreBackground and Objective: Improving the quality of the rural environment and improving the rural appearance and landscape have significant roles in rural development and turning these areas into tourist destinations. The purpose of this article is to identify and survey the indicators of rural landscape that affect on environmental quality and rural tourism to provide suggestions for the villages of Baraghan. Material and Methodology: This is an applied and developmental research also from the position of process is a quantitative and qualitative research. In the case study were used observations, interviews with village officials and trustees, as well as filling out questionnaires between residents. 350 questionnaires complited and analysis in SPSS software under exploratory factor analysis (F.A) and regression. Findings: According to the results of expert and statistical analysis, six factors of rural economy, safety, physical condition of rural environment, natural and religious landscape, recreational-tourism services, advertising and holding traditional and religious rituals of the village and the original Were identified as factors Rural landscapes that affect environmental quality and rural tourism. Discussion and Conclusion: Strengthening jobs related to tourism, improving the cleanliness of Baraghan rural area, improving access conditions in the village, using more local, traditional materials and identity elements in construction can improve the rural landscape. Finally, the environmental quality was improved and tourists would attracted to these villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - Designing a participation model based on its effective and influential components in the field of environment
zahra Tehraei Nasrabadi Saeed Motahari maryam farahani bita azadbakhtBackground and Objective: social participation is one of the basic elements in the evolution towards adaptive forms of good governance and achieving effective and conscious participation in the field of environment is not an easy task, one of the main reasons of which m MoreBackground and Objective: social participation is one of the basic elements in the evolution towards adaptive forms of good governance and achieving effective and conscious participation in the field of environment is not an easy task, one of the main reasons of which may be the fact that its components in policies and the plans are not properly understood. The current research was done with the aim of presenting an interactive and process model and drawing the structural connections of attracting participation in the field of environment with an emphasis on the effective factors and its limitations. Material and Methodology: The current research is of an applied type, which was conducted with a mixed method, and the data collection tool is an interview and a questionnaire of experts. In this study, the structural-interpretive modeling method was used to structure and draw interactive relationships. Finally, by using MICMAC analysis, the indicators were analyzed according to effectiveness. Findings: According to the findings, there are 13 components of the conditions governing the society, social trust, sense of social belonging, social responsibility, individual personality factors, context and possibility of participation, motivation for participation, knowledge and awareness, social-cultural limitation, structural-legal limitation, economic limitation, executive limitation, social participation in environmental protection were identified and classified in six levels, in such a way that the conditions governing the society were placed in the sixth level and social participation in environmental protection was placed in the first level. Discussion and conclusion: Knowing the factors affecting participation and the causal relationships between them will help managers and decision makers to reduce environmental problems and challenges, create integrated policies, make strategic decisions, etc. with lower costs and more effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - Investigating the role of Internet of Things technology as an environmentally friendly technology in expanding and improving businesses based on customer value
Leila Rahiminasab Hosein Vazifehdoost karim HamdiBackground and Objective: Today, with the increasing use of the Internet and network communications, experts have decided to add objects to the wide circle of intelligence so that apart from humans, objects themselves have the ability to communicate with each other in c MoreBackground and Objective: Today, with the increasing use of the Internet and network communications, experts have decided to add objects to the wide circle of intelligence so that apart from humans, objects themselves have the ability to communicate with each other in crisis situations. Therefore, they have created Internet of Things technology as an environmentally friendly technology. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of Internet of Things technology as an environmentally friendly technology in the expanding and improving businesses based on customer value. Material and Methodology: This research was descriptive-analytical and was conducted in 2021. The method of collecting information in this study is the method of library studies, scientific resources, internet, interviews with experts, professors and the means of collecting information through questionnaires. The sample size investigated in this research was 385 people, most of whom were between 30-39 years old. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the analysis of the Internet of Things network model as an environmentally friendly technology and the participation of ecosystems (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between the interactions of e-commerce ecosystems and Internet of Things architecture (P<0.05). Internet of things has a positive and meaningful effect directly on business components. The estimated coefficient was equal to 0.137, which was significant at the 95% level. Discussion and conclusion: In general, the results showed that reducing environmental pollution, protecting the soil, forests and water resources and preventing the wastage of energy resources are measures that can be taken by applying advanced Internet of Things technology as an environmentally friendly technology. It was achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - Environmental terrorism risk management solutions with a focus on prevention in the light of international law
behrooz sepehri Nowruz Kargari Mohammad Ashouri ghassem ghassemiThe inescapable dependence and connection of living organisms with the environment, along with the ease of contagion and the cross-border nature of the harmful effects of destructive environmental actions, increases the risk of serious vulnerability of humans if the env MoreThe inescapable dependence and connection of living organisms with the environment, along with the ease of contagion and the cross-border nature of the harmful effects of destructive environmental actions, increases the risk of serious vulnerability of humans if the environment becomes a target or tool by terrorist groups. Such a way that it is possible, as a result of environmental terrorism, the life and health of a wide range of human societies may suffer irreparable injuries and cause extensive damages. For this reason, in order to fight against environmental terrorism and control the risks its injuries, it is not enough to criminalize and determine the legal punishment for the perpetrators, but it is necessary to think of comprehensive and universal preventive measures. In order to avoid the terrible dangers of environmental terrorism as much as possible, must considering the international norms, measures to prevent environmental terrorism be foreseen. The present research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner and in the form of citations through the use of library and electronic resources including books, articles, dissertations, regulations and international documents in Persian and English languages. Deterrent norms in the prevention of environmental terrorism in international documents, in the form of measures such as the prohibition of supporting terrorism, norms related to humanitarian rights, curbing the development of weapons of mass destruction, norms related to environmental protection, necessary measures to protect agricultural products and other basic needs. And also assuming the occurrence of terrorist behaviors, supporting the victims and restoring the previous situation under the light of transitional justice, they are among the measures that will be effective in preventing or mitigating the risks caused by environmental terrorism. International documents and norms indicate that the experiences of historical events have made the international communities understand the terrible dangers of environmental terrorism and predict measures, albeit incomplete, to prevent the occurrence or neutralize the effects of such terrorism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - Analysis of Crimes against the Environment in Relation to National Security and Public Order; Challenges and Solutions
sarah ziadkhani SADEGH SALIMI ABDULALI GHAVAMNational security can be discussed as a very important phenomenon, and one of these areas is the environmental issue, which has caused the formation of new debates under the title of environmental security. The numerous characteristics of environmental damage that have MoreNational security can be discussed as a very important phenomenon, and one of these areas is the environmental issue, which has caused the formation of new debates under the title of environmental security. The numerous characteristics of environmental damage that have irreparable effects have caused this category to become a significant influence in jeopardizing national and international security and to face a serious risk to sustainable development. Green Crime has endangered the national security with its characteristics. By recognizing one of the anti-green crimes under the title of crimes against security, Iran's legal system has paid attention to the fact that environmental crimes can endanger national security in some cases. However, in other dimensions, the anti-green crime has not had a coherent criminal policy in the areas of criminal law, which is proposed to be achieved in the form of differential criminalization. This research, using descriptive-analytical method, will firstly describe the green belt and environmental security, and then, from a legal and criminological point of view, it will investigate the impact of the green belt on national security and environmental security, and will discuss the challenges and solutions in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - Nuclear energy and Environmental Quality Approach to Data Integration
Mojgan Akbari Armand Farzam Babaie Ali Mohammadi Naser MoharamnejhadThe present research aimed to make a comparative study on environmental knowledge and attitude of the secondary school students in 2nd grade of biology course in Eco School (Green School) and Non-Eco school. Due to limited number of Eco high schools in Tehran, a pioneer MoreThe present research aimed to make a comparative study on environmental knowledge and attitude of the secondary school students in 2nd grade of biology course in Eco School (Green School) and Non-Eco school. Due to limited number of Eco high schools in Tehran, a pioneer non-governmental school for girls at Tehran Education Organization District 2 was chosen as an Eco school statistical population, and using Cochran sample size formula, a sample size of 50 individuals was estimated for it. After close investigations, proper Non-Eco schools were selected, and a sample size of 42 individuals was obtained for it by using Cochran formula. The descriptive methodology employed in this study was a survey type, relying on a questionnaire for assessment of environmental knowledge as well as a questionnaire for assessment of environmental attitude based on Likert Spectrum. Student's t-distribution and Mann-Whitney tests were also carried out to verify the hypotheses. Finally, the results revealed that the Eco school students’ environmental knowledge in the entire the 5 areas and their environmental attitude were meaningfully higher as compared to Non-Eco School students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Environment Design for Urban Parks with CPTED Approach to Promote Sense of Security in Islamabad Neighborhood, Region 2nd of Tehran
Rahele Kamali Nasim Sahraei Nejad Maryam RobatiAbstract From the beginning of human creation, the need for security has been always as one of the basic needs of human and providing this was as one of the most important issues in human societies. On the other hand, urban parks are one of the most principal areas in u MoreAbstract From the beginning of human creation, the need for security has been always as one of the basic needs of human and providing this was as one of the most important issues in human societies. On the other hand, urban parks are one of the most principal areas in urban environment that their security issue is very crucial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the CPTED approach to promote environmental security in urban parks, however, today it is neglected the security improvement necessity and potential capacity of urban parks in decreasing or preventing crimes. The study is a descriptive-analytical research and the study area is Islamabad neighborhood located in 2nd region of Tehran metropolitan’s municipality, which is an old neighborhood with unsuitable physical structure, low permeability and high rate of crime occurrence, at the same time with convenient accessibility to different point of the city. Using field studies, the present status of this neighborhood has been investigated and then using questionnaire which according to Cochran Formula had 400 participants among the park’s users, are collected their views about environmental security indicators. Finally, the collected data are analyzed using correlation analysis method, t-statistical analysis and also SWOT analysis, and then security enhancement strategies in urban parks, are presented. The results show that the present situation in this area in terms of security, is an improper condition, which the research emphasize the necessity of an urban park development with utilization of crime prevention through environmental design solutions and finally according to the proposed approaches, a strategic plan have been presented in order to develop and design the urban park. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Combination of MCDM and GIS for study of the gypsum mineral mines spatial distribution with emphasis on environmental considerations (Case Study: Hablehrud catchment-Semnan province (
Mohammad Reza Delghandi Mir Masood Kheirkhah ZarkeshIn spite of human knowledge and technology development, unfortunately, the situation of the environment at national, regional and international levels is critical and complex. We can no longer expect that with economic and industrial development the environment remains MoreIn spite of human knowledge and technology development, unfortunately, the situation of the environment at national, regional and international levels is critical and complex. We can no longer expect that with economic and industrial development the environment remains intact, but the reduction of pollution and its harmful effects using high technology can ensure the health, growth and excellence of present and future life on Earth. Multi-criteria decision-making System (MCDM) has been used to improve decision-making and management process. The spatial information systems are suitable for spatial data analysis. Also, Geographic information systems have been used to properly determine suitable areas for industrial and mining activities and its impacts assessment on the environment. In this study, using ecological, economic and social criteria and their integration with MCDM and GIS, the study area based on its sensitivity to mining activities were mapped. Also Environmental considerations consists of impact of mining activities on the urban settlements, rural settlements, surface water, groundwater, wildlife habitat, agriculture, tourism and vegetation were analyzed. Based on zoning map of the sensitivity of the active area of the mineral gypsum, range, interference within the mining and production zones were identified. The results showed that 15% of the mineral sector with a range of prohibited activities, 6% in the zone of extreme sensitivity, 11% in the zone of high sensitivity, and 58% moderate and 10% is located in the zone of low sensitivity. Which implies the fact that 26 of the total 52 mining operations across the range of prohibited activities that should be stopped. It has been elaborated that the priority for planning must be related to the management of this moderate sensitive zone. The survey also shown that two criteria consists of the agriculture area and surface water had the most interaction with the unsafe mineral activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - Pathology of Environmental Sustainability with an emphasis Ahvaz Metropolis
Nahid Sajadian jafar saeediNowadays, cities, of the problems and serious injuries in various fields, especially environmental challenges are suffering. Concentration of population in cities and the disproportion between growth of services and urban infrastructure, particularly in developing count MoreNowadays, cities, of the problems and serious injuries in various fields, especially environmental challenges are suffering. Concentration of population in cities and the disproportion between growth of services and urban infrastructure, particularly in developing countries, Urban areas in terms criterias of environmental sustainability and quality of life with all kinds of environmental damage such as air pollutants, pollutants audio-visual, disposal problems of sewage and garbage disposal problems, health water providing etc confronted. Continuation of such injuries, especially with form and function in developing countries, including Iran, the crisis is creating and alerts based the environmental instability in cities. In this context, the present study is an applied research and descriptive-analytical method. The main purpose of research, analysis and pathology environmental sustainability in Ahvaz city. To achieve the desired aim, by extracting findings from the study experiences internal studies, indicators such as air contaminants, water and urban wastes was selected as environmental damage. The findings indicate that despite the contribution of environmental damage in the analysis of sustainability Indicators and the quality of the urban environment, Can be said that the most important air pollutants are role in environmental instability in Ahvaz city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - Environmental risk assessment of urban development projects Tehran 19th District using spatial EFMEA (Case study: the operation of provincial parks)
salman hematinia Sahar Rezaeyan Seyed Ali JoziRisk assessment approach is a key element in the establishment and development of management systems. The components of the management systems more and more closely at the results more credible, respectively. One component that is particularly involved in issues of the MoreRisk assessment approach is a key element in the establishment and development of management systems. The components of the management systems more and more closely at the results more credible, respectively. One component that is particularly involved in issues of the environment component is location. The system is designed to produce, analyze, store and display spatial data is geographic information system. The aim of this study was identification and assessment of environmental risk factors with using non-spatial and spatial components including their location and extent of risks affect risk using spatial analysis of failure modes and effects on the environment (Spatial-EFMEA). At first checklist was prepared and preliminary assessment. Then complete Spatial-EFMEA worksheet and then according to the table, analyzed the likelihood and extent of risks and compute risk priority numbers respectively. Finally, using the frequency distribution method, results of the risk levels from low frequency, very low, low, medium, high, very high and critical level were classified for above-average levels of risk control measures and evaluate the proposed secondary. The results showed that 9% of risk associated with the buildings, 25 percent of risk associated with the green space, 16% of risk associated with the Green Ring and band Hulk, 16 percent of risk associated with the women area, 11% of risk associated with the sport area, 6% of risk associated with the parking and 17% of risk associated with the public area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - Evaluation Environment Site Industrials Estate in Qom Province
Masoud Monavari Ali Akbar DimyadiThere are a number of issues that complicate adopting appropriate policies in relation to industrial development. These issues include an uneven distribution of the population across the country, an accelerated rate of urbanization, and environmental degradation as a re MoreThere are a number of issues that complicate adopting appropriate policies in relation to industrial development. These issues include an uneven distribution of the population across the country, an accelerated rate of urbanization, and environmental degradation as a result of poor site location. An appropriate site location in accordance with industrial principles is a significant step towards improving the environment, nation-wide industrial development and also principled and logical rural and urban growth. This research uses the high capabilities of GIS systems in collecting, analyzing, and managing data. Digital maps and environmental criteria were obtained from executive departments and field trips. Using the Boolean Method at the scale of 1:250,000, the researchers combined the maps that provide limitations to evaluate the environmental implication of industrial estates in Qom Province. In Stage Two, overlaying the maps of the current industrial estates with those maps of the limitations indicated that Shokohiyeh Industrial Estate has no limitation (except the southern part of it). The second phase of 325 hectare was fully covered with the limitation map and the 1000-hectare development plan was located to be in the permissible zone. The current developmental phases of Mahmoodabad Industrial estate are located in the permissible area. Also, the current location of Salafchegan Industrial Estate is sporadically located in the prohibited areas. Given the above research the location of Shokohiyeh and Salafchegan industrial estates is not appropriate. This requires the industrial units to firmly adhere to environmental principles particularly those related to pollutant units in Salafchegan. Although the location of Mahmoodabad Industrial estate appears to be appropriate, it is still very important to supervise the environmental impact of these units in reducing the pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - The Role of Awareness and Knowing the Environment in Creating Sustainable Ecotourism (Case Study: Ilam County)
Pakzad AzadkhaniNowadays, environmental awareness and attention to the role of a good environment and the growth of ecotourism have been increasing in order to improve the quality and quantity of life of nature and people. Lots of factors play a role in successful implementing the plan MoreNowadays, environmental awareness and attention to the role of a good environment and the growth of ecotourism have been increasing in order to improve the quality and quantity of life of nature and people. Lots of factors play a role in successful implementing the plans of good clean environment and conserving the natural resources. One of these factors is human resources. Due to the impacts of people on their surroundings, in general, one of the most important actions to solve the environmental problems and to sustainable ecotourism and natural resources is to improve the public culture which it itself requires a good education about the environment. Hence, the aim of this paper is to investigate the role of awareness and knowing the environment in creating sustainable. The population includes the people of Ilam County that 383 of them were chosen as the sample by Simple Random Sampling according to Determining Sample Krejcie-Morgan Table and they were given the questionnaires which were researcher-made and their reliability and validity were confirmed by the use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis. To analyze the data, the test of correlation and one way T-test were done in LISREL. The results of hypotheses show that there is a positive meaningful relation between the environmental awareness and education and the creating sustainable in the people of Ilam County. Moreover, there is a positive meaningful relation between the amount of using social media and people’s behaviors towards the creating sustainable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
462 - Evaluation of Environmental Efficiency and Shadow Price of Pollutants Determination in Khuzestan Province Meat Livestock
Habib Shahbazi Zahra GheitasiBackground and Objective: The growing environmental problem and then Added cost which create diverse environmental activities, led scientists to modify their efficiency and productivity models with well-liked products and undesirable products effects. Emissions of green MoreBackground and Objective: The growing environmental problem and then Added cost which create diverse environmental activities, led scientists to modify their efficiency and productivity models with well-liked products and undesirable products effects. Emissions of greenhouse gases from various sources, especially from agriculture sector, are one of the main causes of environmental pollution.Material and Methodology: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental effecuency and determination of the shadow price of pollutants for meat dairy in Khuzestan province. In this study, 60 samples and a random fronteier production function model have been used by frontier functions using the maximum likelihood method and the FRONTIER econometric software.Findings: Results indicate that the technical efficiency of the meat livestock units of the province is 0.99 which could indicate that meat livestock units have relatively high technical efficiency. Also, the results of environmental efficiency of Khuzestan province meat livestock units have shown that the average environmental efficiency is 0.29. In fact, this level of environmental efficiency shows that meat livestock units in Khuzestan province have relatively low environmental performance.Discussion and Conclusion: In order to prevent inaccurate decisions in the field of management and development of economic activities without concern for environmental issues, planner, policymaker and investors, in addition of technical effciency, should use enviromental efficency as developing criteria of their acivites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
463 - Evaluating the Relationship between Air Pollution and Economic Growth Based on Kuznets' Environmental Curve Hypothesis (Case Study: Asian Countries)
Iman danaeifarOne of the important, substantial and significant issues in recent decades has been the issue of economic growth and the preservation of environmental quality in human societies. Although humanity has long been aware of the importance of the environment in its life, the MoreOne of the important, substantial and significant issues in recent decades has been the issue of economic growth and the preservation of environmental quality in human societies. Although humanity has long been aware of the importance of the environment in its life, the last decades of the twentieth century should be regarded as the culmination for the environmental issues. In this study, the relationship between air pollution and economic growth for 12 Asian countries during the period 1990 to 2015, with an emphasis on the Kuznets environmental curve has been investigated using panel data. The Research results indicate that per capita GDP, annual growth of urban population and energy consumption of fossil fuels have a positive and significant effect on per capita carbon dioxide emissions, and also the squared per capita GDP has a negative and significant effect on per capita carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, according to the results of the research, Kuznets' environmental hypothesis is true in these countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
464 - The Investigation of Attitude toward Environment and Strategies to Improve (Case study: Agricultural Students of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili)
abolmohammad bandari Omid JamshidiBackground and Objectives: Nowadays, environmental challenges are one of the major and critical issues confronting humanity. One of the main causes of this crisis is lack of attention and environmental education. Understanding the attitudes towards environment of studen MoreBackground and Objectives: Nowadays, environmental challenges are one of the major and critical issues confronting humanity. One of the main causes of this crisis is lack of attention and environmental education. Understanding the attitudes towards environment of students as one of the most influential community could be basis for future planning in order to improve knowledge and awareness of the environment. So this study was aimed to investigate the agricultural student’s attitude towards environment and identify strategies to improve it.Method: This study is an applied research which utilized survey method. Target population was agricultural student of the university of Mohaghegh Ardabili (n=1929) which applying Cochran formula sample size determined as 140 people and using stratified sampling method information gathered. Research tool was a questionnaire which its validity approved by panel of expert and its reliability evaluated by Alpha Cronbach coefficient.Results: The result of study showed that participants had a relatively positive attitude toward environment. Also the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that there was significant relation between attitudes and some independent variables. Regression analysis showed that 5 variables including strategies improvement, information resources, GPA, current educational semester and age defined 51% of dependent variance.Conclusion: Although students had a relatively positive attitude toward environment but to lead this attitude to responsible environmental behavior, several actions must be performed on micro and macro levels. Prepare basis to provide necessary training by the responsible educational agent could lead student attitude to suitable level. Also by creating a supportive environment NGOs and supplying them, improving their environmental attitudes as well as actions carried out in order to protect the environment are accessible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - Explaining the Risk and Responsibility Framework in the Light of International Environmental Law
niloufar nezhad esmaeili Sobhan TayebiToday, protecting the environment is considered an important issue for human society. In this regard, any type of destruction in small dimensions may become large and irreparable. Since the damage caused to the environment is not visible at the beginning and its destruc MoreToday, protecting the environment is considered an important issue for human society. In this regard, any type of destruction in small dimensions may become large and irreparable. Since the damage caused to the environment is not visible at the beginning and its destructive effects become visible over time, this issue should be considered transboundary and any environmental destruction entails transboundary and international responsibility. The current research is based on library studies and data collection in the framework of descriptive material collection and analysis. In this regard, the opinion on the topic of environmental hazards and human destruction of responsibility based on the theories of error and risk is defined and raised. The importance of this issue and the existing evidence led us to explain the framework of risk and responsibility in the light of international environmental law during the upcoming research and to the question of whether the explanation of the framework of risk and responsibility in international environmental law is related to the extent of governments' adherence to Will international environmental treaties make a difference? With this hypothesis, it seems that the explanation of the framework of sovereignty in the light of the procedure of following and adhering to international obligations is a guarantee of the implementation of international treaties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - The Effect of Environmental Commitment on Green innovation and Sustainable Performance with Moderating Role of Environmental Training in Mahshahr Petrochemical Companies
Farajallah Rahimi Ali Mehrabi Yasser EskandariContext: The present study aim to investigate the effects of environmental commitment to green innovation and sustainable performance with the moderating role of environmental Training in Mahshahr petrochemical companies. Method: This study, in terms of the purpose MoreContext: The present study aim to investigate the effects of environmental commitment to green innovation and sustainable performance with the moderating role of environmental Training in Mahshahr petrochemical companies. Method: This study, in terms of the purpose is application and terms of data collection is descriptive-survey. in this study to evaluate the environmental commitment of questionnaire of Liu et al. (2014), to measure green innovation of questionnaire of Chang (2012), for measuring sustainable performance of questionnaire of Mohamad et al. (2013) and to measure environmental training a questionnaire was made by researcher . The population consisted of 300 of managers Petrochemical Companies of Mahshahr. According to Morgan table were selected 169 manager as samples and questionnaires were distributed among them by simple random sampling method. In order to data analysis and hypothesis testing used structural equation modelling, PLS, and SPSS. Findings: After analyzing the data, the results revealed that environmental commitment has a positive significant impact on green innovation, but it’s on sustainable performance not significant. Also green innovation a positive significant impact on sustainable performance. Also Environmental training is not moderating role in research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - Analysis of the spatial organization of regional and environmental sustainability in the formation of space
Ehsan Dorostkar roghyeh kheiriSpace and deployment activities and living it requires an independent organization with administrative procedures and processes. Organization as a key point in creating a balance in the region will be remembered. The step is very important and necessary to recognize in MoreSpace and deployment activities and living it requires an independent organization with administrative procedures and processes. Organization as a key point in creating a balance in the region will be remembered. The step is very important and necessary to recognize in the early stages. Space and deployment activities and living it requires an independent organization with administrative procedures and processes. Organization as a key point in creating a balance in the region will be remembered. The step is very important and necessary to recognize in the early stages.The spatial organization of the executive process is a difficult process to follow. The research is to understand the complex process of spatial organization with the goals of the region. The goal of achieving a clear and systematic process in which the spatial organization of research method is documentary and library. which are major steps to do just taken a big step towards regional balance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
468 - Environmental Rule of Law" and its role in the Sustainable Development Goals, Emphasizing on the International Union for Conservation of Nature on the World Declaration on the Environmental
Seyed Abbas Poorhashemi Seyed Behrad MirfakhraeiBackground and Aim": Environmental Rule of Law" is an emerging concept which has been raised as a legal instrument by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) for the first time and it has been able to work in order to extent the environmental protection and to add MoreBackground and Aim": Environmental Rule of Law" is an emerging concept which has been raised as a legal instrument by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) for the first time and it has been able to work in order to extent the environmental protection and to address the environmental challenges. This concept is generally derived from the notion of the Rule of law that derives from domestic law to international law. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) at the First World Congress on Environmental Law has developed a Declaration to better understand the concept of 13 principles that can play a significant role in the goals of sustainable development; some of the principles referred to others. In fact, the emphasis is on the fundamental principles of environmental law, and new principles have been introduced, which can be considered through the pursuit of sustainable development goals. Also, for the implementation of this concept, administrative and educational solutions are addressed in this Declaration. This paper examines the "Environmental Rule of law" and its role in sustainable development goals by emphasizing on the International Union for Conservation of Nature on the World Declaration on the Environmental. In addition, the aim of this article is to provide some solutions to the legal and executive challenges in this matter. Methods: In this research, information has been collected by observing a library according to documents, texts, articles, etc. And in terms of the type of data, it is considered a qualitative method. Findings: The concept of the rule of law especially environmental issues at the level of international law, as a unifying solution to provide the progress of sustainable development. Discussion and Conclusion: The principles considered for the mentioned concept of environmental rule of law; it is important to lead to the reduction of adverse effects, reduce conflicts over resources and facilitate the goals of the third generation of human rights as a legal solution to achieve the goals of sustainable development and justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
469 - Effects of Teaching Philosophy for Children on Environmental Behavior in Seventh-Grade High School Students
Mohammad Reza Sarmadi Mahdieh Rezaei Ahmad RohanifarEducation is one of the institutions that can be the basis of the environmental behaviors. Human thought must be developed in such a way as to take into account environmental factors, and this requires the development of education in the field of environmental philosoph MoreEducation is one of the institutions that can be the basis of the environmental behaviors. Human thought must be developed in such a way as to take into account environmental factors, and this requires the development of education in the field of environmental philosophy. The present study aimed to study the effects of teaching philosophy for Children on environmental behavior, in seventh-grade high school students in Karaj, Iran. This study was applied in terms of its approach and used a quasi-experimental method for data gathering; it also used a pretest-posttest design and included a control group. The population consisted of seventh-grade high school students in District 4 of Karaj; convenient sample included sixty students who were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups, each consisting of 30 subjects/students. The tool for gathering data was the questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by past studies and a survey from 18 specialists; its reliability was determined to be 0.86 via Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The questions were analyzed using methods of statistical description and inference, and mean, percentage, and ANCOVA were analyzed via SPSS22 (P0.05). There results indicated that teaching philosophy had a significant, positive effect on environmental behavior. According to the results, it can be affirmed that positive effects of teaching philosophy in high schools shows the children access to variables which indicate their attachment to all animate and inanimate entities on the earth and their awareness of protecting the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - Assessment of Environmental Literacy among Malayer University Students Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Models
Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari Fouzieh Beigmohammadi Fatemeh Mohammadyari Fariba HedayatzadehBackground and Objective: Environmental literacy is the ability to understand the natural systems that make our lives on planet possible, so in an environmentally literate society, there is a sustainable society that knows that its life depends on the environment. In th MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental literacy is the ability to understand the natural systems that make our lives on planet possible, so in an environmentally literate society, there is a sustainable society that knows that its life depends on the environment. In this study, the level of environmental education (knowledge, attitude and practice) of students of Malayer University regarding different aspects of the environment was evaluated. Method: The method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection is descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of all students is studying in the second semester of 2016 -2017. In 7 faculties of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Basic Sciences, Engineering, Literature and Humanities, Mathematics and Statistics, Agriculture, Civil Engineering and Architecture Studying. The importance and prioritization of environmental literacy indices were investigated using the hierarchical analysis decision making model. Findings: Based on the results of students' knowledge and attitude about the environment, they are at a relatively good level but it's not the same in faculties. The highest level of knowledge was in the students of the Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and then at the Faculty of Agriculture. Then, the importance and prioritization of environmental literacy indicators were studied. To this end, a hierarchical analysis decision making model was used. Based on the results of the three main criteria of knowledge, attitude and practice, the highest priority was the knowledge standard with a weight of 0.69. Also, the performance criterion with weight of 0.23 and attitude with weight of 0.07 respectively had second and third priorities in terms of students. Discussion and Conclusion: Among the three criteria of knowledge, attitude and practice of knowledge criterion are the most important. Raising the weight of students' environmental knowledge and understanding of environmental degradation factors and understanding which factors are most threatening the environment in today's society are promising for having a healthy environment and achieving sustainable development. Also, the result is that students in the environmental sciences have a better understanding of the environment and related issues, Emphasizes the need to incorporate efficient environmental education throughout higher education institutions. Therefore, universities can increase the level of environmental education of the students in the training of human resources specialists and responsible for the environment to take effective steps to research the goals of sustainable development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
471 - Internalization of environmental values in the education system
Seyedeh Zahra Shamsi Papkiade Mohammad sina SarmadiIntrinsic value or belief in a most profound and enduring response to social influence The conversion of tacit knowledge within the organization is resolute affirmation The inside of a person's knowledge about his own knowledge within the organization to identify and al MoreIntrinsic value or belief in a most profound and enduring response to social influence The conversion of tacit knowledge within the organization is resolute affirmation The inside of a person's knowledge about his own knowledge within the organization to identify and also finds itself in a more general. In the education system as a fundamental responsibility of government is to make the values Despite the environmental crises caused In this century, environmental issues have to follow the rule of the school's beliefs, sense of responsibility, attitude and culture of our environmental education centers to internalize its students achivement This is to internalize environmental values through the education system focuses all teachers have formed the population of Tehran The sample size of 402 teachers the results show there are significant content between educational system and the physical space in the school with students internalize environmental values. Thus providing content for educational material and physical space each turn of the key elements in education. That made students interested in environmental values and is a Step to internalize them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - Socioeconomic and Environmental Situation Analysis of Mazandaran Province with Conceptual Model Approach DPSIR
maryam robati elham ghazanchaeiPlanning and policymaking in the field of economic, social, and environmental development of the province requires having accurate information about the region. Land cover in Mazandaran province is changing rapidly due to high population densities, high rates of immigra MorePlanning and policymaking in the field of economic, social, and environmental development of the province requires having accurate information about the region. Land cover in Mazandaran province is changing rapidly due to high population densities, high rates of immigrants, favorable natural conditions, multiplicity of industrial units, coastal borders and huge construction trends in the recent saline. It is clear that the balanced and imbalanced development of geographic spaces requires careful and comprehensive examination of economic, social, and cultural issues, and a better understanding of the needs of the community and their improvement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the predisposing and effective factors on natural resources and ecosystems of Mazandaran province. This research is a descriptive-analytic study based on library studies and comprehensive review and search of electronic databases in order to fully identify Mazandaran province in terms of economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects, and then assess the status of the province based on the analytical framework of the DPSIR model. The results of the study indicate an increase in the area of residential, agricultural, rangeland, road, transportation and fall in the forests of the province. This study was also used to increase population density, agricultural development, roads development, industrial development, urban development and propellants forces. The results of the study showed that the DPSIR model can classify diverse information about the province's conditions in order to provide this information to policymakers for possible responses, and this is why the method has been rapidly increasing in recent decades by researchers and policymakers in use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - Investigating the Environmental Behavior of Farmers on the Use of Agricultural Pesticides in Moghan Plain
abolmohammad bondari Asghar Bagheri Mojtaba SookhtanloMisbehavior of farmers when preparing pesticides can lead to environmental degradation, including surface and groundwater pollution, and the destruction of living organisms in the water; therefore, it is necessary to explain farmers' behaviors regarding the use of chemi MoreMisbehavior of farmers when preparing pesticides can lead to environmental degradation, including surface and groundwater pollution, and the destruction of living organisms in the water; therefore, it is necessary to explain farmers' behaviors regarding the use of chemical inputs on the environment and humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental behavior of farmers in Moghan plain (Ardabil province) in the use of pesticides. This study was a descriptive-correlational research, and in terms of data collection, it was a survey research. The statistical population, includes all farmers of irrigated farms in Moghan Plain (2017-2018) (N = 9996). Sample size was determined by using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table and by multi-stage sampling with proportional assignment, 400 persons (n =400). The research instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was verified by subject specialists and university professors and finally approved. Reliability of the research tool was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The findings showed that farmers had a relatively positive attitude toward environmental protection, totally. Correlation analysis also showed that there was a significant relationship between farmers' environmental behavior with attitude, knowledge, the village distance to agricultural service center, agricultural experience and spray experience. According to regression analysis, four variables of attitude, knowledge, the village distance to agricultural service center and records of spraying, explain 57.1% of the variance level of environmental behavior of farmers in applying agricultural pesticides. Considering the relationship between attitude and knowledge on the environmental behavior of farmers in the use of agricultural pesticides, attention to the implementation of the theory of the process of transferring innovation (knowledge, attitude and skills) in the form of agricultural extension and education programs in the research area can play an important role to improve farmers' environmental behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - Recognition and Analysis of Theoretical Models of Environmental Psychology with Emphasis on the Role of Human Experience in Perception of the Environment Aesthetics
Somayeh MoosavianBackground and Aim: The physical environment causes man to reveal complicated reactions in the form of feelings, feedback, value, interests and desires. These reactions specifically form the human’s cognitive and perceptual process of the environment in the form o MoreBackground and Aim: The physical environment causes man to reveal complicated reactions in the form of feelings, feedback, value, interests and desires. These reactions specifically form the human’s cognitive and perceptual process of the environment in the form of aesthetics values such as feeling of environmental desirability. The concept of environmental aesthetics is a complex one and has been widely discussed in different theoretical and empirical studies; however, the effects of environmental stimuli and characteristics on the human’s desirable experience of the environment still looks a vague subject. Thus, in the view of the various levels of experiential perception of the space and resulting feeling of desirability, it is imperative to perform various accurate analyses of environmental psychology, as this will help recognize theoretical components to improve the quality of the environment. Accordingly, the following questions are raised: Which characteristics in theoretical models of environmental psychology do form perception of the environmental aesthetics through experience? Which components do constitute the main elements of experiencing the environmental aesthetics? Methods: The present research has a qualitative approach and uses descriptive-analytical method to review the main models to recognize the key approaches related with the concept of experiential aesthetics so that their underlying mechanisms are determined. In this connection, the process and relationship between the variables of the theoretical models is examined via content analysis.Discussion and Conclusion: Results indicated that three main components can be regarded as the structural dimensions of aesthetics dimensions through experience: 1. Continuous action consciousness through interaction with and attention to the environment; 2. Sensory-motor consciousness by arousal and emotions, and 3. Structural consciousness through participation in the environment and environmental behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Interactions of Tehran Urban Management Indices and Environmental Performance Indices (EPI)
hanie gharehbakhsh masoumeh mollaei lobat taghaviEnvironmental performance indicators (EPIs) have received much attention in recent years. Despite significant environmental action and in line with international community, the decline of Iran's 22 steps in the ranking of the EPI biennial reports between 2014 and 2016 h MoreEnvironmental performance indicators (EPIs) have received much attention in recent years. Despite significant environmental action and in line with international community, the decline of Iran's 22 steps in the ranking of the EPI biennial reports between 2014 and 2016 has been a major issue. Considering the role of urban management in metropolises as an important executive arm in the field of environment and sustainable development in the country, this review study aimed to investigate the environmental issues of urban management and present its status in 22 districts of Tehran. The 12 indices studied, including air pollution, noise pollution, water quality and quantity, etc . Along with the analysis of the results of the studies, the main causes of Iran's decline in the global ranking of EPI indices are further investigated. According to the results of the present study, environmental management, climatic and geographical conditions, non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations and differences in urban capacity and structure of Tehran municipality areas have led to urban management fluctuations in Tehran metropolitan environment. Is. Given the overlap of Tehran's environmental management indicators with the global indicators in EPI, it can be concluded that if the long-term goals in urban management are met, considering these three factors and regularly publishing the country's environmental activities report to international communities can be concluded. It is very important to promote Iran's 155th position on environmental performance indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - Studying the Method of Upcycling of Landfills of Joan Valley Landscape (Garaf)
keyvan kiani mehdi khakzandNowadays, one of the urban problems is proper waste management with minimal damage to the environment. Landfills are one of the most common waste management solutions in the world. However, according to studies conducted by researchers, the useful life of these sites is MoreNowadays, one of the urban problems is proper waste management with minimal damage to the environment. Landfills are one of the most common waste management solutions in the world. However, according to studies conducted by researchers, the useful life of these sites is between 25 and 30. In recent decades, the revitalization of these sites has attracted worldwide attention, and we are witnessing many successful projects around the world. Unfortunately, the landfill policy in Iran is still neglected. The purpose of this article is to learn from the experiences of projects carried out worldwide in order to use these experiences in the management of Iranian cities by selecting the landfill of the Xuan Valley (Garaf) as a case study and a successful project (selected 8 architectural competitions worldwide), This project has been reviewed and analyzed by reviewing the texts and interviewing the project design company. At the beginning, using the measures and strategies adopted in this project, according to the existing challenges of the site and high-level policies, the strengths and weaknesses of the project have been expertly analyzed, and finally, important factors in the project's approach to modeling have been explained. Similar projects have been discussed with regard to the current problems of Tehran in the development of landfills and the use of other cities in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - Assessment and Ranking of Environmental Risk Generating Activities in Ahvaz Desalination Plant No.1 Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Abdolreza Karimi Zahra Rahimi RashtabadiEnvironmental risk assessment studies are usually followed a specific process, including the identification of risks and the consequences of them, estimation and risk assessment, and suggested techniques to reduce the risk and its consequences. This study was carried ou MoreEnvironmental risk assessment studies are usually followed a specific process, including the identification of risks and the consequences of them, estimation and risk assessment, and suggested techniques to reduce the risk and its consequences. This study was carried out in 2016 to evaluate and ranking the environmental risk generating activities for desalination plant No.1 of Ahvaz in Karoon Oil and gas co-operation and in exploitation phase. In this study, identification of risks in the region based on field visits, interviews with factory and environmental experts, status report and Delphi method were performed. Then, the ranking of risk generating activities was done using AHP method. According to the Delphi method from 11 productive activity risks identified and 8 activities were identified as the final activities that these activities have generated the most risks in the plant. The data analysis according to the AHP method showed that the highest risk generating activities was the maintenance, transfer and injection of chemicals into reservoirs with the weight 0.244 and lowest risk related to rust operation with the weight 0.069. The final results showed that the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be use in prioritization the criteria and sub-criteria and increases its accuracy in estimating the ultimate level of risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Extention environmental ethics with an emphasis on lifestyle changes
bahman khosravipour AMENEH SAVARIMOMBENIBackground and Objective: Today, the environmental crisis has become a serious issue and one of the most challenging issues. Because the important and long-term consequences of human activity on the environment are increasing more rapidly. Accordingly, theorists believe MoreBackground and Objective: Today, the environmental crisis has become a serious issue and one of the most challenging issues. Because the important and long-term consequences of human activity on the environment are increasing more rapidly. Accordingly, theorists believe that all the environmental problems caused by human activities, they will not be solved by the mere use of technology, and changes in human behavior are required. This study aims to review, analyze and explain Extension their environmental ethics.Method: This research, in a review and analytical way, was looking for appropriate ethical behavior in relation to the environment, which collected information using library resources and internet sites.Results: According to research findings, many environmental issues today are directly or indirectly the result of everyday human behavior. Many believe that the solution to the environmental crisis must change human behavior and lifestyle changes searched for him on the ground. Hence, changing lifestyles as a driving force for Extension environmental awareness using patterns and behaviors. Instead of destroying the environment, humans can play an important role in reducing and controlling environmental problems and problems by adjusting their needs and adapting their lifestyles to existing constraints.Conclusion: In this regard, extention training can spur the sense of trustworthiness and accountability of people so that they can play a more effective role in protecting the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - Investigation of Pro- Environmental Behavior of Girl’s students (Case Study of Senior Secondary Schools in Hamadan city)
mahboobeh Ataei asad reza movahdiBackground and Objective: Pro-environmental behavior is one of the significant and important factors in protecting the environment. This behavior is dependent on different factors like individual factors, environmental knowledge and attitude, also social, economic, and MoreBackground and Objective: Pro-environmental behavior is one of the significant and important factors in protecting the environment. This behavior is dependent on different factors like individual factors, environmental knowledge and attitude, also social, economic, and cultural factors. Therefore, this study has an aim to identify factors which effect on environmental behavior of girl’s students in Hamedan city. Material and Methodology: The study has used a surveying method and statistical population was all girl’s students (N=3000) in senior secondary level of Hamadan high schools. Of those, a statistical sample (n=320) was selected using Morgan's sampling table. Data were first gathered by questionnaire during an extensive review literature, and then analyzed by using Smart PLS and SPSS softwares. Content and face validity of the questions reviewed by university professors and the reliability of the questions was tested by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and it was 0.83. Findings: The results showed that the environmental behavior of the target girl’s students calculated by mean statistic and it was 3.15 out of 5 (m=3.15). The results also revealed that 31 percent of the environmental behavior of the girl’s students depend on the variables include knowledge with a beta coefficient of 0.217 (β=0.217), attitude (β=0.238), media (β=0.071), individual traits (β=0.105), social factors (β=0.271), and economic factors with a beta coefficient of 0.067. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, the results of this research may help to a better and deeper understanding of girl students’ environmental behavior in line with protecting their environment. Also, by informing and providing environmental information, the female students' knowledge and attitude can be increased towards the environment. This will eventually lead to positive and pro-environmental behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Evaluation of Manager’s Hysterical Personality Axes in the Persuasive Display of Environmental Discourse
Pezhman Heydari Kahkesh Ahmad Kaabomeir Ali Mahmoodi Alireza JorjorzadehBackground and Objective: The role of managers at the level of representative companies in the capital market is of special importance and has an effect on the symmetry of information and full disclosure of information, especially environmental information, to meet the MoreBackground and Objective: The role of managers at the level of representative companies in the capital market is of special importance and has an effect on the symmetry of information and full disclosure of information, especially environmental information, to meet the expectations of stakeholders in social contexts. The purpose of this research is Evaluation of manager’s hysterical personality axes in the persuasive display of environmental discourse. Material and Methodology: In this research, which is considered developmental and hybrid in terms of methodology, an attempt was made to identify the axis of the hysterical personality of managers in the persuasive display of environmental discourse by relying on meta-composite analysis and Delphi processes in the qualitative part of the research. Findings: The results of the research in the qualitative part, after the content screening of 12 verified studies, indicated the existence of six axes of hysterical (showy) personality of managers in the persuasive display of environmental discourse. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained result shows that the managers, by stimulating the minds of their stakeholders, try to implement the company's green performance strategies in their minds, so as to create a positive image of the company in the framework of green performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Analysis of the quality of the urban environment with the perception of aesthetics and Place attachment in the spaces of Tabriz metropolis (Case Study of Tabriz Saat Square)
Solmaz Babazadeh Oskoui Ali Zeynali Azim Farank Adlifar Mansoureh JamshdiBackground and Aim: Trying to understand the environment and the quality of urban spaces in the living environment is one of the most basic issues that urban thinkers should pay attention to due to the decline in environmental quality, especially urban spaces in terms o MoreBackground and Aim: Trying to understand the environment and the quality of urban spaces in the living environment is one of the most basic issues that urban thinkers should pay attention to due to the decline in environmental quality, especially urban spaces in terms of aesthetics and sense of belonging, to a lively environment and create to suit the moods and needs of users. With regard to this issue, the purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of the urban environment with spatial attachment and aesthetic perception in the metropolitan areas of Tabriz. Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey type. The sample size is 384 visitors to Tabriz Clock Square. For the structural model, second-order factor analysis (SEM) of Amos software version 26 and SPSS were used. Results: The results show that in the final structure model, two components of environmental aesthetics (direct with 0.96 and indirect with 0.65) and sense of belonging directly (directly with 0.94 and indirect with 0.78 In total, with 0.93, they have been effective in improving the environmental quality in Tabriz Clock Square. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, there is a direct positive and significant relationship between the environmental quality of urban spaces with aesthetics and the sense of belonging of citizens, which are the cause and effect of each other in improving the environmental quality and urban spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - Civil Liability Regime for Environmental Damage
Maryam Afshari Sobhan Tayebi Roholla KarimiPurpose context: Nowadays, the position of environmental protection is considered as an important and desirable matter. This issue becomes important to the extent that legal indicators are considered for it. The explanation and discussion of civil responsibility and the MorePurpose context: Nowadays, the position of environmental protection is considered as an important and desirable matter. This issue becomes important to the extent that legal indicators are considered for it. The explanation and discussion of civil responsibility and the recognition of rightness and wrongness and the selection of each of its topics, including the theory of fault or risk, as well as citing jurisprudential theories such as harm, are among the important matters investigated in this structure. The purpose of this research is to examine environmental issues within the framework of civil responsibility and the procedure of instruments and responsibility as well as the existing legal regime. This research seeks to present and analyze the theoretical foundations of the necessity of civil responsibility evolution due to environmental destruction using the sources and foundations available in the theories of civil responsibility with a view to the existing legal regime. Research method: The present research was written based on library studies, descriptive and analytical method, and based on review findings. Findings: The weakness of civil liability rights guarantees and the inadequacy of administrative measures strengthen the aforementioned necessity, however, the application of civil liability rights to protect the environment requires consideration of requirements that cannot be considered without paying attention to them. The rights were hopeful. Discussion and conclusion: In this research, an attempt has been made to show why civil responsibility in the field of environmental damage needs to evolve, especially based on jurisprudence and legal doctrines. The most important achievement of this research is to recognize those theories of civil responsibility for environmental protection from the point of view of jurisprudence and law, which are compatible with the fundamental philosophy of maximum environmental protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - Investigating the economic value of water in environmental, agricultural and industrial uses (Case Study: Urmia Lake Watershed)
Sayed Morteza Mousavi Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein Talachi LangeroudiBackground and Purpose: Today, social, economic and environmental capital are measured as the main components of development simultaneously. Lack of comprehensiveness of programs creates various problems and issues, especially from environmental aspects after implementa MoreBackground and Purpose: Today, social, economic and environmental capital are measured as the main components of development simultaneously. Lack of comprehensiveness of programs creates various problems and issues, especially from environmental aspects after implementation. Degradation of environmental conditions will have negative effects and damage even on economic and social values in the region and its affected area. The purpose of this study is to investigate the economic value of water in environmental, agricultural and industrial uses in the catchment area of Lake Urmia. Material and Methodology: Optimal allocation of production inputs at the macro level of decision-making is one of the requirements for achieving productivity growth. On the other hand, optimal allocation also requires an efficient market to explain the economic values of production entities. In this study, due to the limitation of water resources, in response to water demands for the use of different competitors using the United Nations Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA[1]) guidelines, it has been attempted to use the information available in Evaluation of the economic value (production value) of water in the Urmia Lake watershed in order to reflect the economic value of ecosystem services in decision making and water sharing appropriately. Results: According to estimates, the economic value of water in agriculture is 6045, in industrial use is 33342 and in environment is 24235 Rail’s per cubic meter. Consequently, compliance with the principles of sustainability and economic values of water dictates that even if water demand in the agricultural sector is uncontrolled by rising water prices, it will meet the environmental needs as a consumer. Prioritize water of higher economic value and its direct and indirect benefits. In the next 30 years, water demand in developing countries will increase as well as in developed countries. According to the International Panel on Climate Change, climate change will increase the pressure for water availability and exacerbate various forms of water pollution, affecting ecosystems, human health and the reliability of water systems in large parts of the world. Discussion and Conclusion: In the present study, based on economic principles and environmental economics and using the available information on water consumption in agriculture, industry and environment and macroeconomic accounts to assess the economic value (value Production of water in the catchment area of Lake Urmia). Therefore, according to the results, it is expected that with the establishment of the water market or at least in terms of economic value of ecosystem services, water allocated to the environmental needs of Lake Urmia will be supplied and specific water for industrial use will increase and at the same time capital Payments to use the revenue-generating potentials of Lake Urmia and related and appropriate industries should be given special attention. Utilization of water resources by these calculations is neither economical nor sustainable, a livelihood that is supposed to cause desertification and soil erosion or (globally) increase greenhouse gas emissions and cannot be considered stable. In this regard, due to the unsustainable use of water resources in the catchment area of Lake Urmia, to change the existing method and reduce farmers' dependence on water resources, the governance system can implement appropriate employment strategies, while supporting the response to Alternative needs and livelihoods for farmers by strengthening the implementation of the protection policy of Lake Urmia, especially by enforcing the law on harvesting water resources and establishing a system for measuring, regulating and controlling authorized withdrawals and establishing cooperatives of farmers. The exploitation of the lake in exchange for changing the existing agricultural pattern to a pattern with less water requirement or even modifying agricultural tributaries and allocating it to Lake Urmia to such farmers are granted. It is very important that it is necessary to consider people-centeredness and naturalism at the same time, and all decisions and executive actions to reduce water consumption, with the participation of existing recipients and with the cohesion, cooperation and joint action of all trustees and stakeholders. 4- System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Investigating Environmental priorities for Implementing Environmental Management System in Universities (Case Study of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran)
Mona Karimi asl Akramolmolok Lahijanian Masoumeh shojaeeBackground and Objective: Universities and industries play a role in the environmental environment. For this reason, with the help of similar industry standards, they should become a safe haven for human health. Material and Methodology: The aim of this study was to id MoreBackground and Objective: Universities and industries play a role in the environmental environment. For this reason, with the help of similar industry standards, they should become a safe haven for human health. Material and Methodology: The aim of this study was to identify environmental factors and factors and prioritize them, to identify a set of key factors in the implementation of environmental management system in universities. Findings: Using the opinion of experts, 5 main indicators and 26 sub indicators were identified and pairwise comparison questionnaire was designed. The statistical population of the present study includes 15 university experts with a doctorate in the field of environment. Which were targeted non-randomly. Also, to answer the hypotheses and calculate the weights, AHP method and Expert choice software have been used. Discussion and Conclusion: After analyzing the data, the hypotheses "Energy saving and air reduction are factors on EMS","University policy and management review are factors on EMS", " Criteria are factors affecting EMS". "The environmental management system in universities has different ranking "and" sub-qualities of education and culture in the environmental management system in universities have different priorities. "The results of this study show that" the allocation of funds And "budget","infrastructure", "education and culture", "improving the improvement of the environment "and" buildings and environment" to implement the environment the management system, respectively have priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - Providing Solution for Increasing Security in Residential Areas through Environmental Design, case study: five neighborhoods of Bojnord
Mahsa Zamiri Azadeh Sharifi NoghabiBackground and Objective: Security is considered as one of the main qualities of desirable urban spaces. Researches show that social and economic factors do not affect security independently. But the design as well as the physical layout of space can also be very much MoreBackground and Objective: Security is considered as one of the main qualities of desirable urban spaces. Researches show that social and economic factors do not affect security independently. But the design as well as the physical layout of space can also be very much involved in committing or not committing crimes. The aim of this study is to identify the environmental factors affecting occurrence of crime in these neighborhood and then in the next step to provide solutions in order to increase their security. Materials and Methodology: To do so, the present study examines five neighborhoods of Bojnord; which all of them are located in the range of informal settlement and peripheral tissue. In this study, descriptive research has been used in order to collect needed data and recognize the characteristics of the neighborhood in terms of security. Analytical research like correlation and logistic regression and SPSS software have been utilized to investigate the influential rate of factors and the relationship between these components and the security of residential areas. Results: The results show that by designing landscapes and using environmental graphic issues, crime tending would be decreased. Although build green spaces in neighborhoods and improve their quality could increase the social relationships cause to decrease the crime opportunity. Discussion and Conclusion: By these results, the study suggest that considering the role of graphical design in designing neighborhoods could decrease crime that might be happening and make the secure community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - Assessment of the environmental impacts of wind erosion in three economic, social and environmental environments using the DPSIR model. (Case Study: Regan County)
Mina Behnood Maryam Morovati Mohammad Javad Ghanei BafghiBackground and purpose: In today's world, population growth and industrialization, regardless of the potential of the lands, have put pressures on the environment, upsetting the balance of nature, creating environmental challenges and affecting the quality of human life MoreBackground and purpose: In today's world, population growth and industrialization, regardless of the potential of the lands, have put pressures on the environment, upsetting the balance of nature, creating environmental challenges and affecting the quality of human life today. Wind breaking is a complex process that takes place in various forms such as excavation, transfer, granulation, abrasion and finally sedimentation. One of the most important environmental crises in arid and semi-arid regions is the destructive phenomenon of desertification and windfall, the occurrence of which is the occurrence of dust storms and the movement of fine dust. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of wind in Reagan County on economic, social and environmental sectors using the DPSIR model. Since wind is one of the major problems in the Reagan area, it is necessary to draw a chain of cause-and-effect relationships involved in the three economic, social and environmental environments of the region.Material and Methodology: In order to conduct this research, three indicators were selected from three environments: economic, social and environmental. Then, the available information was collected from relevant organization of each indicator, they were placed in the DPSIR framework. And then was shown a chain of cause-and-effect relationships in relation to those indicators.Results: The results of the research indicate that the damage to the agricultural sector due to the dust phenomenon has had an upward trend from 2007 to the first 6 months of 2018. In the social sector, according to the suspended particle measuring device (pm) in the two months of April and May 2018, there were few clean days and according to the statistics of the health center, the number of people referring to medical centers due to respiratory problems has been high. Also in the field of environment, in Reagan area, an area of 158,200 hectares of critical hotspots was identified with great intensity and has affected the biodiversity of the region, especially Persian Kahour trees.Discussion and Conclusion: The result of the research showed that the wind phenomenon in Reagan area with improper human management and exploitation of the environment as a positive feedback has fueled this phenomenon and has created adverse effects such as dust storms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
487 - Analysis of factors affecting tourism development city Khalkhal in Province Ardebil using strategic model SWOT
Behrouz Sobhani Vahid Safarian Zengir Anita Majidi HeraviBackground and Objective: Tourism is one of the largest and high-yielding economic activity in the world, the development of which requires sufficient knowledge of the issues and economic factors, Social and cultural development in each region. One of the city's tourist MoreBackground and Objective: Tourism is one of the largest and high-yielding economic activity in the world, the development of which requires sufficient knowledge of the issues and economic factors, Social and cultural development in each region. One of the city's tourist areas in Khalkhal in Ardebil province, due to topographical and geological structure, is full of tourist sites in terms of ecotourism. Materials and Methodology: This research uses SWOT model and descriptive-analytical approach and field studies and libraries whose purpose is to assess the tourism potentials of Khalkhal city in Ardabil province. Results: Analysis of the above model in this study shows that in the matrix analysis, strengths are 1.61, weaknesses are 1.26, opportunities are equal to 1.77 and the amount of threat is equal to 1.19, tourism potentials of Khalkhal city, in the first priority aggressive strategies are the second priority in planning competitive strategies. For this purpose, first the initial strategies of SO with a value of 3.38 and then the strategies of OW with a value of 3.03 in the SWOT matrix are in the first and second priority, indicating the best strategies in sustainable tourism in Khalkhal region. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of the present study defensive strategies (WT) with a score of 2.45, conservative strategies (TS) with a score of 2.8, represents the weakest sustainable tourism strategy in the area known Khalkhal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Comparing the role of male and female managers of environmental organizations in achieving the goals of sustainable development ( Case study of markazi province )
Roya Hassanzadeh Mohammad Hossien Asadi Davoodabadi Ali RoshanaeiBackground and Purpose: This research has been done in the field of environmental sociology. Theoretically, the relationship between man and nature to achieve sustainable development is addressed and experts of sociology have expressed their thoughts. This research aime MoreBackground and Purpose: This research has been done in the field of environmental sociology. Theoretically, the relationship between man and nature to achieve sustainable development is addressed and experts of sociology have expressed their thoughts. This research aimed to compare the role of male and female managers of environmental organizations in achieving the goals of sustainable development.Material and Methodology: This study is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. 91 active managers in environmental fields of Markazi province in 2020 answered the research questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test with two independent groups. SPSS software was used for this purpose.Results: Female managers of environmental organizations have excelled over men in the areas of urban sustainability, climate change, cheap energy, and women's empowerment but in cases of protection of ecosystems, protection of the seas, ensuring the pattern of consumption and optimal utilization of water and wastewater, they are equal to the group of men. Meanwhile, in this study, the number of female managers was one-half that of men. Thus, the group of women were more successful than men in achieving the goals of sustainable development.Discussion and Conclusion: Human society and the natural world are in economic confrontation with each other because the environment is a social construct. Resolving environmental issues and achieving the goals of sustainable environmental development is possible through collective efforts with the participation of men and women. By reconstructing production and consumption processes with environmental motivations, environmental crises and the optimal use of natural resources can be overcome. Environmentalism is formed under two types of survival value and metamaterial value and metamaterial value manifests itself in concepts such as environmental protection, quality of life, and environmental moral behavior. Sustainable development also depends on addressing transcendental values. In the field of research, it was observed that material values have been paid more attention than metamaterial values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Risk management of environmental risks through insurance
Asma Hamzeh Background and Objective: Experimental environmental risk includes the probability and severity of a potential event that has an adverse effect on the environment. Environmental risk may, in addition to causing loss to the environment, also lead to damage to per More Background and Objective: Experimental environmental risk includes the probability and severity of a potential event that has an adverse effect on the environment. Environmental risk may, in addition to causing loss to the environment, also lead to damage to persons or their property. Therefore, in response to the complex and real characteristics of environmental pollution risk, the insurance industry has developed new methods to solve the problem of this particular phenomenon in the world. Environmental insurance is a tool to take responsibility for the environmental risks arising from industrial activities in which both the insured and the third party are identified in order to cover the related damages. This type of insurance is a market-oriented solution to reduce corporate operating costs, reduce government costs and advance economic development. Material and Methodology: In this research, descriptive, exploratory and explanatory methods are used. After explaining the dimensions of the issue and providing an overview of the types of risks and damages caused by environmental hazards, it was tried to extract different types of environmental coatings based on international experiences. In order to achieve the desired results, the content of written documents and internationally documented experiences were examined and analyzed. Findings: The requirements and structures required to provide various types of environmental insurance coverage in the country are not yet available. Implementing basic insurance in environmental pollution liability insurance requires overcoming some problems. These problems are usually related to factors that complicate the insurance process. Therefore, considering that no comprehensive research has been conducted in this field in the country, in order to expand the insurance capacity in environmental pollution liability insurance and reduce the risk of compensation for insurers in the country, this study examines the risks and types of environmental insurance coverage in the global insurance market, the results of this research will pave the way for managers and experts in promoting knowledge and efforts to provide this coverage. Discussion and Conclusion: In order to expand the insurance capacity in environmental pollution liability insurance and reduce the risk of compensation for insurers, this study was conducted to be useful for use in the country's insurance market and reduce the economic damage caused by it. Therefore, the classification of types of environmental risk, the ability to insure environmental risk, the types of environmental insurance coverage, examples of environmental risk assessment and pricing models and methods of risk transfer were stated. Background and Objective: Experimental environmental risk includes the probability and severity of a potential event that has an adverse effect on the environment. Environmental risk may, in addition to causing loss to the environment, also lead to damage to persons or their property. Therefore, in response to the complex and real characteristics of environmental pollution risk, the insurance industry has developed new methods to solve the problem of this particular phenomenon in the world. Environmental insurance is a tool to take responsibility for the environmental risks arising from industrial activities in which both the insured and the third party are identified in order to cover the related damages. This type of insurance is a market-oriented solution to reduce corporate operating costs, reduce government costs and advance economic development. Material and Methodology: In this research, descriptive, exploratory and explanatory methods are used. After explaining the dimensions of the issue and providing an overview of the types of risks and damages caused by environmental hazards, it was tried to extract different types of environmental coatings based on international experiences. In order to achieve the desired results, the content of written documents and internationally documented experiences were examined and analyzed. Findings: The requirements and structures required to provide various types of environmental insurance coverage in the country are not yet available. Implementing basic insurance in environmental pollution liability insurance requires overcoming some problems. These problems are usually related to factors that complicate the insurance process. Therefore, considering that no comprehensive research has been conducted in this field in the country, in order to expand the insurance capacity in environmental pollution liability insurance and reduce the risk of compensation for insurers in the country, this study examines the risks and types of environmental insurance coverage in the global insurance market, the results of this research will pave the way for managers and experts in promoting knowledge and efforts to provide this coverage. Discussion and Conclusion: In order to expand the insurance capacity in environmental pollution liability insurance and reduce the risk of compensation for insurers, this study was conducted to be useful for use in the country's insurance market and reduce the economic damage caused by it. Therefore, the classification of types of environmental risk, the ability to insure environmental risk, the types of environmental insurance coverage, examples of environmental risk assessment and pricing models and methods of risk transfer were stated. Background and Objective: Experimental environmental risk includes the probability and severity of a potential event that has an adverse effect on the environment. Environmental risk may, in addition to causing loss to the environment, also lead to damage to persons or their property. Therefore, in response to the complex and real characteristics of environmental pollution risk, the insurance industry has developed new methods to solve the problem of this particular phenomenon in the world. Environmental insurance is a tool to take responsibility for the environmental risks arising from industrial activities in which both the insured and the third party are identified in order to cover the related damages. This type of insurance is a market-oriented solution to reduce corporate operating costs, reduce government costs and advance economic development. Material and Methodology: In this research, descriptive, exploratory and explanatory methods are used. After explaining the dimensions of the issue and providing an overview of the types of risks and damages caused by environmental hazards, it was tried to extract different types of environmental coatings based on international experiences. In order to achieve the desired results, the content of written documents and internationally documented experiences were examined and analyzed. Findings: The requirements and structures required to provide various types of environmental insurance coverage in the country are not yet available. Implementing basic insurance in environmental pollution liability insurance requires overcoming some problems. These problems are usually related to factors that complicate the insurance process. Therefore, considering that no comprehensive research has been conducted in this field in the country, in order to expand the insurance capacity in environmental pollution liability insurance and reduce the risk of compensation for insurers in the country, this study examines the risks and types of environmental insurance coverage in the global insurance market, the results of this research will pave the way for managers and experts in promoting knowledge and efforts to provide this coverage. Discussion and Conclusion: In order to expand the insurance capacity in environmental pollution liability insurance and reduce the risk of compensation for insurers, this study was conducted to be useful for use in the country's insurance market and reduce the economic damage caused by it. Therefore, the classification of types of environmental risk, the ability to insure environmental risk, the types of environmental insurance coverage, examples of environmental risk assessment and pricing models and methods of risk transfer were stated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - Spatial-Quantitative Environmental Assessment of Three SHIRAZ Alternatives Railway with Enhanced YAPP-FAHP Method
Jahanbakhsh Balist Faeze Chehrazar Hamid Reza jafari JafariBackground and Aim: Rail safety is a very complex subject, with various factors involved. Many of the risk assessment techniques currently used in railroads are routine techniques. In this study, the YAPP upgraded method was used. Method: In this method, three indicato MoreBackground and Aim: Rail safety is a very complex subject, with various factors involved. Many of the risk assessment techniques currently used in railroads are routine techniques. In this study, the YAPP upgraded method was used. Method: In this method, three indicators are used to estimate the risk of each alternative. The risk associated with the length of each railway alternative, the risk of population density and the number of residents around each alternative, and the risks associated with the geological situation and the milestones of each alternative. To complete the evaluation of options, the FAHP method is used to prioritize them based on the YAPP indexes and sub-indicators. Findings: In this study, there are three alternatives for Shiraz railway, one, Kazeroon-Farashband, Second, Kazeroon-Quar and Shiraz-Noorabad. The study results show that the third alternative is the safest alternate with a risk value of 127.779 compared to two other alternatives with risk values of 277 and 298. Based on the results of the FAHP prioritization, the third option was also identified as the preferred option. Discussion and Conclusion: The YAPP method, taking into account natural and human factors in assessing the risk of railroads, is an efficient method that can be used to select optimal and safe paths in the design and planning phase of the projects. Using the multi-criteria decision-making methods along with the YAPP method, the choice of the final option is made easier and more scientifically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - The effect of green attitude on creative green behavior and interest in the environment with the mediating role of green entrepreneurial orientation in the tourism industry of Mazandaran province
hosein rahimi kelor iman ghasemi hamedaniBackground and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green attitude on creative green behavior and interest in the environment by considering the mediating role of green entrepreneurial orientation in the tourism industry. Material and Metho MoreBackground and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green attitude on creative green behavior and interest in the environment by considering the mediating role of green entrepreneurial orientation in the tourism industry. Material and Methodology: This study is an applied goal in terms of implementation method in the form of a descriptive-survey research with a cross-sectional approach. The statistical population of the study is all employees of tourism companies in Mazandaran province, of which a sample of 384 people has been selected using the Cochran's formula. In this study, to collect information to test the hypotheses, a researcher-made questionnaire adapted from Lou (2021) study, including 6 dimensions and 32 questions, was used, which was compiled based on a five-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the content validity method. To evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was more than 0.7, which indicates that the questionnaire has good reliability. Findings: The findings of the research hypotheses test showed that green attitude has a positive and significant effect on green entrepreneurial orientation and green creative behavior; Green entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on environmental interest and green creative behavior. In addition, it was found that green entrepreneurial orientation, the relationship between green attitude and green creative behavior; And environmental interest mediates the relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and green creative behavior. Disscusion and Conclusion: The results obtained in this research indicate the importance and influence of the organization's green attitude and orientation in the employees' green creative behaviors. In this research, theories of planned behavior and complementary sources have been used to create a new conceptual framework. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - Investigation on Aspects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and its Position in Iran’s Electricity Industry
Kioumars Heydari Masoud Kasraee NezhadBackground and Objective: After the scientific community warning, in the united nation framework convention on climate change, principles to avoid emissions was agreed and under the Kyoto protocol was accomplished as the Clean Development Mechanism. In this paper, while MoreBackground and Objective: After the scientific community warning, in the united nation framework convention on climate change, principles to avoid emissions was agreed and under the Kyoto protocol was accomplished as the Clean Development Mechanism. In this paper, while reviewing the dimensions of this mechanism, the situation of Iran's electricity industry was examined from its perspective. Analysis methodology: In this, after reviewing Iran’s situation in the greenhouse gas emissions the elements of CDM including the history, benefits and barriers, economic aspects, methodology and patterns of environmental assessment power plant was reviewed. Then environmental risks of power industry and Iran’s position in that were discussed. Findings: Per capita CO2 emission growth caused by energy consumption, electricity and heat production, in addition central electricity system and the lack of sufficient focus on distributed generation represents not so bright future of power industry from the perspective of environmental indicators in Iran, which of course has been considered by energy and environmental policymakers in recent years. Discussion and Conclusions: To develop clean electricity, this paper recommends: updating systems, focusing on distributed generation and regional power generation, investing in education Clean Development Mechanism and the development of cogeneration power plants (as a successful experiment in increased efficiency and lower emissions in the power generation process in other countries). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - Resources and Chemical Structure of Heavy Metals in Soil and Its Effect on Human Health and the Environment
Hamid Abbasitabar Eisa Solgi Kamran Shayesteh Samar MortazaviBackground and Purpose: Soil is one of the most important components of the ecosystem, which is a suitable environment for storing nutrients and performing biological and chemical processes, and as a natural filter by storing and transporting pollutants, reduces their h MoreBackground and Purpose: Soil is one of the most important components of the ecosystem, which is a suitable environment for storing nutrients and performing biological and chemical processes, and as a natural filter by storing and transporting pollutants, reduces their harmful effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the sources, chemical structure and health and environmental effects of some heavy metals in the soil.Material and Methodology: The research method was theoretically and using library resources. First, the sources and then the structure and health and environmental effects of heavy metals in the soil were studied.Results: Results show that heavy metals, unlike organic pollutants, are immutable and non-biodegradable and have physiological effects on living organisms and thus are important in low concentrations. Heavy metals are formed naturally in the soil by pedogenic processes. Human factors such as the development of industrial areas, mining waste, use of chemical fertilizers, animal, pesticides, Sewage sludge and irrigation of agricultural lands with sewage, residues resulting from the burning of coal, petrochemical and atmospheric deposition can increase the concentration of these metals and cause soil contamination with heavy metals.Discussion and Conclusion: Soil plays a very important role in providing food for humans and other organisms, and its contamination by heavy metals can have irreversible effects. Adequate knowledge of the concentration, sources, chemical structure and potential health and environmental hazards of heavy metals is essential to prevent pollution and to select the appropriate method for soil remediation. Creating accessible resources for agricultural production and increasing food security is one of the goals of improving contaminated soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - The Impact of Acquiring Cultural Capital Training on Environmental Behaviors Students
Vajiheh Zohoorparvandeh Azam HajizadehBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the acquisition of acquired cultural capital on the environmental behaviors of students in Tehran. Analysis methodology: The statistical population of this research includes all ele MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the acquisition of acquired cultural capital on the environmental behaviors of students in Tehran. Analysis methodology: The statistical population of this research includes all elementary students in district 4 of district 5 of Tehran city, which was selected by multistage cluster sampling method and 50 students who were willing to cooperate were selected as sample. These 50 fully peer groups were selected in two groups of 25 and A and A, group A received 13 sessions of cultural training group training, and group B was the control group. Analysis of variance was also used to analyze the data. Findings: Findings showed that acquisition of acquired cultural capital significantly increased the positive environmental behaviors. The students who were in the experimental group had a significant environmental behaviors (environmental protection, familiarity with recycling, saving on consumption, proper use and reuse of waste from students who were in the control group) Recoverable) and this positive effect was constant over time. Discussion and Conclusions: Today, the development of cultural capital and its promotion is emphasized in order to reduce and control social issues such as environmental crises, and it seems that sustainable development, especially its environmental aspect, depends on the promotion of cultural capital. . Based on this, it seems that with the developments of the last few years, we can benefit from the concept of cultural capital as a predictive variable in the analysis of socio-cultural issues such as behaviors and environmental attitudes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - Analysis of preschool textbooks in terms of attention to environmental components
Arezoo porkar khadijeh azar Mahdiyeh Shadpoor GavabariBackground and Objective: Education is the most effective mechanism for society to deal with the greatest challenge of this century; That is, environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attention to environmental education in preschool textboo MoreBackground and Objective: Education is the most effective mechanism for society to deal with the greatest challenge of this century; That is, environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attention to environmental education in preschool textbooks. Material and Methodology: All Guilan preschool education textbooks were selected as the statistical population of the research and considering the nature of the present study, the entire statistical population was considered as the sample. The Study tools was a content analysis research checklist, including Wisconsin standards of environmental education. Accordingly, in the preschool textbooks, the sub-components related to each of the five key components of the above standards were extracted and each component was formulated into five sub-components. Findings: After coding and counting the frequency of each of the sub-components, using descriptive statistics (frequency, relative frequency and cumulative frequency), the most attention was paid to the field of question and analysis skills (84.72%); then, personal and civil responsibility (6.38%); the skill of action and decision making (5%); the knowledge of natural processes and systems (2.77%); and, finally, the skill of studying environmental issues have allocated the least amount of attention (1.11%). Discussion and Conclusion: Since the attention to the criterias of environmental education in the content of preschool curriculum was not optimal and satisfactory, which is considered as a disadvantage of these books. Therefore, duo to the importance of teaching these issues in preschool education as Basic course in child learning, it is suggested that educational content planners focus more on textbook compilation, revision and incorporation of environmental education indicators and standards into textbooks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - Investigating the Relationship between Sense of Aesthetics and Religious Beliefs with Environmental Behaviors (studied in Kerman)
Ali moradi jamileh esfandiarpourBackground and Objective: Environmental crises in the form of climate change, biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, catastrophes, water scarcity and many other problems are facts that have changed the way of life of the present generation and the future. Will be MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental crises in the form of climate change, biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, catastrophes, water scarcity and many other problems are facts that have changed the way of life of the present generation and the future. Will be affected. The main question of this research is what is the relationship between aesthetic sense and religious beliefs with environmental behaviors with emphasis on the city of Kerman? The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between aesthetic sense and religious beliefs with environmental culture. Material and Methodology: The method of survey study and data collection tool is questionnaire. Statistical population is citizens of Kerman city over 16 years. According to the Cochran sampling formula, 374 questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results of the analysis (SPSS) show that the sense of environmental aesthetics and religious beliefs of people have a significant relationship with environmental behaviors. This means that by promoting people's sense of aesthetics as well as strengthening their religious beliefs, the tendency to perform environmental behaviors correctly increases. The results of multiple regression show that aesthetic sense (T= 7.21) and significant (Sig= T = 0.000) were able to explain 0.35 of internal environmental variations alone. The results of structural equation modeling (AMOS) show that media use with 0.175 regression coefficient, 0.183 aesthetic sense, and socioeconomic base with standard regression coefficient of -0.160 have significant effect on dependent variable. Discussion and Conclusion: It is inferred that in a society where people have aesthetic tastes and are interested in their environment, they will behave responsibly and correctly towards nature and their ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - Analyzing the Mechanisms of Civil Liability for Compensating Environmental Damages
Hossein jalaliPhysical, material, and moral damages incurred by a person following the occurrence of environmental damages make provisioning and implementing a proper civil liability system a necessity more than ever before. Although, there are lots of literature on the subject matte MorePhysical, material, and moral damages incurred by a person following the occurrence of environmental damages make provisioning and implementing a proper civil liability system a necessity more than ever before. Although, there are lots of literature on the subject matter, it is essential to explore the relationship between the two subjects of “civil liability” and “environmental protection” to analyze the mechanisms of the former in determining the compensation of damages incurred by the latter. This is a descriptive-analytic research using library and note-taking and by referring to laws and regulations and literature. The findings showed that due to the failure of mechanisms of offense-based civil liabilities in compensating environmental damages, it can be beneficial to use strict civil liability based mechanisms, environmental responsibilities, insurance, and environmental damages fund. However, the approach of international environmental law in this field is to humanize the category of environment. Lack of mandatory environmental responsibilities for polluting businesses and lack of regulations on environmental damages fund are the most important challenges for a civil liability system in Iran to be effective in compensating for environmental damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - Study the effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy
sardar akbari maryam sameriAime: the present study has been accomplished with the purpose of “The effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy”. Methods:The project method was of pseud-experimen MoreAime: the present study has been accomplished with the purpose of “The effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy”. Methods:The project method was of pseud-experimental kind which were used in pre-test and post-test with group control plans in its accomplishment. The sample of present research comprise 70 male students of elementary school 6th grade in Dist.1 of Urmia City in academic year 2016-2017 that were selected randomly using convenience sampling and were randomly categorized into 2 groups. In the present study, Salehi Omran and Agha Mohamadi’s Environmental Literacy Measurement Tool (2008) was used with approved contextual justifiability and sustainability coefficient of 771/0 for data collecting. For data analyze descriptive statistics (indexes of central tendecy and dispersion) and inferential (T-test of 2 independent groups and Analyze of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used. Results:The results showed that there is an significant difference among the students’ mean grade points in testing and controlling groups regarding their environmental literacy (knowledge, attitude and potentiality) with fault level of 5% (p <05/0) and the difference is in favor of students with the project method. Conclution: Therefore, it can be concluded that using active project teaching method has a positive effect on students’ environmental literacy. Therefore, it is recommended to provide students with the necessary resources to implement a project teaching method in schools in order to increase the environmental literacy of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - Identifying Factors Affecting Green Brand and Its Impact on Green Brand Preference and Loyalty (Case Study: Dairy Industry)
reza Norouzi ajirloo Mirza hasan Hoseini Ehsan Jamali Fatemeh EidiBackground and Objective: Considering the determining role of green brand in the success and performance of organizations in achieving predetermined goals, this study aims to investigate the effect of variables affecting green brand from the perspective of company, prod MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the determining role of green brand in the success and performance of organizations in achieving predetermined goals, this study aims to investigate the effect of variables affecting green brand from the perspective of company, product and customers and its impact on Green brand preference and loyalty was mediated by strategies (green and environmental marketing). Material and Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. A questionnaire was used to collect data and in order to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, the structural equation modeling method was used by Smart PLS software. In the present study, to collect the required quantitative data, two types of structured questionnaires with closed questions were used, one to examine the green branding activities of companies and the other to measure the green brand from the perspective of customers. Findings: The results show that all three factors of company, product and customer have a positive and significant relationship with creating a green brand. There is also a positive and significant relationship between green brand and strategies and also between strategies and preference and loyalty to green brand. Mediation of strategies between green branding and outcomes was confirmed. Discussion and Conclusion: Dairy companies should provide their customers with information on environmental issues related to production processes in a clear manner. By creating a green brand and linking environmental strategies and marketing environmentally friendly dairy products, these companies can help make green dairy products preferable to regular dairy products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - Investigating the impact of environmental education on improvement of students' environmental awareness (case study: Karaj city high schools)
mohammad mehdi zarrabi soodabeh mafkheri mahya ahmadian neda zarkeshBackground and Objective: Environmental education is the most basic method in protecting the environment, the purpose of which is to find the most appropriate and best system and method of presenting materials and implementing a structure that is the basis for improving MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental education is the most basic method in protecting the environment, the purpose of which is to find the most appropriate and best system and method of presenting materials and implementing a structure that is the basis for improving environmental awareness at the community level. In the current research, the effect of education in improving students' awareness about the importance of environmental issues has been investigated. Material and Methodology: The current research is applied in a descriptive, correlational and relational manner and its implementation method is carried out in the field using a questionnaire and data analysis using SPSS software. For the purpose of investigation, 150 questionnaires were collected by random cluster sampling among the students of the pre-eleventh grade in Karaj city and 150 of the eleventh grade students. Findings: The results of the Spearman correlation coefficient are as follows: Students of the 11th grade who have had a human and Environmental book as part of their courses, their awareness about the environment has increased. Discussion and Conclusions: Also, the higher the education level of the students' fathers, the more the students' awareness of the environment has increased. The results of the correlation coefficient between two variables of mother's education and students' awareness about the environment indicate that there is a significant relationship between the two variables at the 5% error rate. In other words, the higher the level of mother's education, the more students' awareness is about the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - The Effect of Green Banking actions on Environmental Performance of State-owned Banks in Khorramabad county
esfandyar mohammadi marjan arvanehBackground and Objective: as environmental issues become more important in recent years, most banks are trying to achieve not only their economic goals, but also minimize the environmental damage by proper planning and application of appropriate methods. Hence, the conc MoreBackground and Objective: as environmental issues become more important in recent years, most banks are trying to achieve not only their economic goals, but also minimize the environmental damage by proper planning and application of appropriate methods. Hence, the concept of green banking has emerged in the banking system with the aim of protecting the environment and sustainable development. Due to the importance of the issue, in the present article, the impact of green banking measures on the environmental performance of the bank has been investigated. Material and Methodology: the present study is a cross-sectional survey in terms of practical purpose and method and time frame of data collection. The statistical population of this study is the experts of state-owned banks in Khorramabad city, of which 242 people were selected as a sample using random sampling method. In this study, a standard questionnaire was used, the validity of which was validated through content validity and construct validity. Cronbach's alpha value and combined reliability of all dimensions of the larger questionnaire were obtained from 0.7. Which is approved. the collected data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL statistical software. Findings: Findings indicate that green banking practices include: daily actions, customer oriented activities and bank’s policy have a significant impact on the environmental performance of the bank. Discussion and Conclusion: according to research finding, it has been conclouded that green banking in governmental banks in Khortamabad conty has positive impact on environmental performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
502 - Identification of Jus Cogens Norms of International Law with a Glance to the Possibility of Emergence of Jus Cogens Norms of International Environmental Law
mojtaba sobhaninia Mohsen Abdollahi Abbas PoorhashemiJus Cogens norms of international law are among the key concepts cotibuting the development of international law. These norms stand out among other international norms because they uphold the fundamental values of the international community; contrary to mutual internat MoreJus Cogens norms of international law are among the key concepts cotibuting the development of international law. These norms stand out among other international norms because they uphold the fundamental values of the international community; contrary to mutual international obligations, these norms are owed by and in the interest of all states. Although there is no uncertainty regarding the concept of Jus Cogens norms in the international law literature, the identification parameters and contents of such norms have always been subject to debate. Therefore, it is both controversial and difficult to explain the nature of Jus Cogens norms and develop an effective solution to identify them. This descriptive-analytical desk research seeks to answer this question: What criteria could be helpful in identifying such norms against the backdrop of international law? And consequently which Jus Cogens norms belong to the realm of international environmental law. To shed light on how to correctly identify Jus Cogens norms, this study proposes and examines two criteria: the 'rule of general international law" and the "acceptance and recognition". The results show that some principles of international environmental law, despite the fact that have the potential to become Jus Cogens norms, they have not been able to achieve that status, yet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - Impact of human capital on environmental quality
Parvaneh Salatin Niloufar ghaffari somea Impact of human capital on environmental quality Parvaneh Salatin[1]*(Corresponding Author) p_salatin@iauec.ac.ir &nbs More Impact of human capital on environmental quality Parvaneh Salatin[1]*(Corresponding Author) p_salatin@iauec.ac.ir Niloufar ghaffari somea[2] Abstract Environment has been one of the most crucial and important concerns of the human societies during the last few decades up to the present time. Therefore, much attention has been paid to environmental problems in recent years, especially to the problem of air pollution. Air pollution in many major cities in the world is so serious that it has compelled the governments to implement short-term and long-term programs and policies. In this regard, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of human capital on CO2 emission as an indicator of environmental quality in selected countries with average income. This is an applied research by objective, a causal research by study method, and an inferential research by methodology. To analyze the effect of human capital on environmental quality in selected countries with average income, CO2 emission has been selected out of the indicators of environmental quality. Results from model estimation by the Fixed Effects Method and the Method of Generalized Moments in selected countries in the 1998-2013 period show that human capital have a negative and meaningful effect on CO2 emission as an indicator of environmental quality. [1]- Department of Economics, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, Iran. *(Corresponding Author). [2] - Department of Industrial engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - Economical- Environmental Evaluation of Substitution Old Minibuses With New Ones in Public Transportation Fleet of Tehran
Zahra Abedi Reza Arjmandi Farideh Atabi Elnaz KeivaniThis study is based on substitution of old diesel minibuses with new ones. For this purpose 400 minibuses of Iran Khodro Diesel and Zamiyad companies productions, have been selected to be substituted with old ones. The operation and providing cost of new minibuses along MoreThis study is based on substitution of old diesel minibuses with new ones. For this purpose 400 minibuses of Iran Khodro Diesel and Zamiyad companies productions, have been selected to be substituted with old ones. The operation and providing cost of new minibuses along with the differences between social, maintenance and fuel costs of old existing minibuses and new ones were calculated. The present value of these differences, were determined during the lifetime of the project separately and then compared with each other. According to the results, Reducing in social costs substitution the 400 old minibuses with new ones during the 30 years is 7,096,314,816 Rials and the present value of fuel and maintenance costs differences are respectively 35,634,103,952 and 86,480,786,000 rial for 400 minibuses. The operation and providing cost of new minibuses are 239,411,200,000 for Iran Khodro Dissel and 282,163,200,000 Rials for zamiyad vehicles. The total cost of substitution the 400 old minibuses with new ones in Tehran is 110,199,995,232 Rial for Iran Khodro Diesel and 152,951,995,232 Rials for zamiyad minibuses. Totally, in spite of the considerable reduction of social, maintenance and fuel costs of this project but because of the high price of new diesel minibuses, it considers costly to be executed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - Study of Environmental Criterias for Site Selection of Automall Construction
Zahra Ghorbaninia Vahid Nikzad Mohammad Javad Amiri Arezoo GhorbaniniaUrban development along with advances in technology and industry, In addition to the change in countenance and body of the city, have a shift in the cultural, social, economic of citizens. These fundamental changes, cause increased demand and consequently supply of good MoreUrban development along with advances in technology and industry, In addition to the change in countenance and body of the city, have a shift in the cultural, social, economic of citizens. These fundamental changes, cause increased demand and consequently supply of goods and services. . In the meantime, the emergence of problems such as traffic has increased the requires large stores to cover all the needs of citizens. In this regard, thematic markets such as mobile phone markets, carpets, etc., including the latest methods of distribution and sale of products in the field of trade. Now days, including thematic markets in urban settings, is highly regarded both producers and consumers, is Auto Malls. Auto Malls is a place to focus on services and trading account. In addition to focusing on economic transactions, prevents from social, cultural and economic and environmental damage in scattered surfaces throughout the city. This market because of offers extensive services and the rally cars, need to locating the correct and appropriate place to prevent any damage to urban areas or increasing environmental pollution load at the city level. Therefore, in this research with studies of different projects at different levels, Environmental criteria for site selection were selected and then with help of Hierarchy Process (AHP) revealed their importance and were ranked. In this regard three criterias, natural, safety and environmental compatibility were chosen as the main criteria, and natural criteria that consists of the following seven criteria with relative weight 0.528 was determined as the most important criteria in the Auto Mall site selection on the basis of environmental criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - Determination of appropriate method for estimating of MTBE absorption coefficient by the soil of Tehran oil refinery (Ray city)
Mohammad Nickhah Monfared mohammad reza SabourMethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) is one of the gas additives that can be more effective in increasing the octan rating of fuel. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) has labeled MTBE in carcinogen compounds.This compound can leak into the soil from  MoreMethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) is one of the gas additives that can be more effective in increasing the octan rating of fuel. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) has labeled MTBE in carcinogen compounds.This compound can leak into the soil from underground fuel tanks and its chemical and physical properties affords rapid influence.Sorption ability of soil, is so effective in influence of MTBE into the soil and “distribution Coefficient (Kd)” can show this ability. Kd is one of the important effectives that recently lionizes in Environmental Geotechnics and its range is so wide in as much as it can be “0” or “1000” and more; This wide range is important in using numerical models for underground water and contaminant trasformation modeling.In this study, the real value of sorption has been determined by several sorption tests on MTBE and the soil of Ray city and according this value, various isotherm models were studied to find the most accurate model for MTBE and this soil.In this study, all of the tests have done according to ASTM standards. Finally, it’s concluded that all of studied models are appropriate for calculating Kd but in similar cases, we can offer foloing models sequently: Dubinin-Radushkevich Model; Langmuir Model; Freundlich Model; Linear Model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of parks and green spaces in city of Tehran (case study)
Hassan ali Laghai Hooman Bahmanpour Farnaz HeidariThe significance of urban green spaces –as publicdomain- in modern urban life patterns and their keyrole in land use systems, providing city inhabitantswith a place for leisure time, decreasingenvironmental contamination and establishinga closer relationship betwe MoreThe significance of urban green spaces –as publicdomain- in modern urban life patterns and their keyrole in land use systems, providing city inhabitantswith a place for leisure time, decreasingenvironmental contamination and establishinga closer relationship between people and urbanenvironment is distinguished. This paper dealswith the evaluation of parks and green spacesof district 8 in Tehran. The mentioned districtsuffers from shortage of green spaces and parks,although it owns enough resources and land –incomparison with other districts of city. Theoutcome of operated appraisal will be of useto urban managers and designers when theyallocate and utilize resources. In addition, thestudy explains how people use the area. Thispaper is extracted from a survey which wasconducted on the basis of theories about urbanparks, review of corresponding experiences inIran and in the world, and general comparisonbetween the main parks in the district 8 andother districts. Different scales were taken intoaccount when carrying out the appraisal study.The results are presented in two parts: quantitativeand qualitative; they demonstrate the percapita shortage of green spaces in the district 8;moreover, outcomes demonstrate inappropriatedistribution of green spaces and lack of favorableecological function especially in the second halfof the year. Furthermore, the parks do not possesdesirable level of security and on account of thisthe number of people –of different age groupusing the parks has fallen. Deficit in numberand variety of installations and equipment, andsubstandard play grounds are other negativepoints in these sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - position of environmental law international law of war
Parvin Farshji Farhad Dabiri Majid Abbaspour Mehrdad Nazemi Melina EtehadImportance and key role of environment in humanlife is undeniable.While war as one of the destructive human activitieshas caused environmental destruction and in factthis is the most important pillar of human survivalhas allocated minimal importance in internationallaw. MoreImportance and key role of environment in humanlife is undeniable.While war as one of the destructive human activitieshas caused environmental destruction and in factthis is the most important pillar of human survivalhas allocated minimal importance in internationallaw. As we know techniques have employed duringwar can have destructive environmental impact,hence during war the environmental protection isas a part of international law, although environmentalprotection law still are not comprehensive butimproving position of the environment represents inthe international law of war. There are sporadic rulesabout environmental protection in international lawof war during war. The most important of theserules be observed in (1977). Geneva and ENMODconvention.These treaties are contain generalrules in the field of environmental protection duringwar such as ban of using tools and methods thatmakes extensive and severe and lasting effecton the environment. Finally, with revising rulesrelated to the environmental protection duringwar can be concluded that these rules are notenough for protecting the most important elementof human survival also need stronger enforcement.In addition, considering this fact when these rulescome in to force that major power in the world isinterested to them. We have to find way in orderto reduce political influence in the internationallaw about environmental protection and all thecountries in the world obey it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - Applications Of Nanotechnology In Environmental Engineering
Reza Alizadeh Sodeh AbediniNanotechnology is science of employment materials device and systems in Nano scale that applications of Nano technology is reach in environmental engineering. For example water treatment by Nano filtration wastewater reatment clean energy produ MoreNanotechnology is science of employment materials device and systems in Nano scale that applications of Nano technology is reach in environmental engineering. For example water treatment by Nano filtration wastewater reatment clean energy production and nanotube for toxic gas adsorption. In this paper and research several application of this science for example fuel cell for energy production from clean sources, using from Nano filters for remove of hard water, water treatment for power plants, several application of carbon nanotube in the industry for example hydrogen storage in fuel cells for increase of yield them, toxic gas adsorption, using them instead ofgas sensors.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - Review on social theories and environmental management
Naser Moharam nejad Mahnaz TehraniSocial science has a wide range among the humanities. Follow branches of this field are anthropology, sociology, cultural studies,communication science. Environmental science is a branch of environment that following branchesincluding land assessment, hab MoreSocial science has a wide range among the humanities. Follow branches of this field are anthropology, sociology, cultural studies,communication science. Environmental science is a branch of environment that following branchesincluding land assessment, habitats, diversity and environmental pollution. On the whole environment and our relationship with it is one of the main social theories .Nowadays environmental concerns are moreapparent because thinking about environment and itsvalue as old as human society. But it obvious that thecurrent generation of human is facing with a seriousof environmental puzzles which are unprecedented inhuman history .Current generations the first generationwhich has the ability to repeatedly destroy the earthwhile the first generation that cannot exist a naturalenvironment for granted. So while on the humanthinking outlook of the environment was old so thatenvironment and human how assess it and how thinkabout it has found such a central aspect and mainsocial theory.In this paper we overview of human impact onenvironment and also survey various social theoriesregarding environment and environmental ethics andreview impact of it on environmental management._ moharamnejad@ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - A Review of Biotic Indices for Heavy Metals in Polluted Environment
Jaber Aazami Habib Moradpour Naser KianiMehrThe life of fauna and flora was threatened by heavy metals, one of the most problems in the environment. Nowdays, in the world biotic indices were applied to reduce and modify of different pollutants while in Iran, purification of polluted environment was done with phys MoreThe life of fauna and flora was threatened by heavy metals, one of the most problems in the environment. Nowdays, in the world biotic indices were applied to reduce and modify of different pollutants while in Iran, purification of polluted environment was done with physic-chemical methods. Physic-chemical methods annihilate the biodiversity, pollute the environment and also need to lots of time, cost, equipment and expertise. So, the developed countries presented biotic methods for identification, monitoring, survey and purification because of many advantages including; more precision, less cost, environmental friendly and less equipment. The aims of this article were a review of bio-indices and choose manner of polluted biological modifier e.g. phytoremediation that todays, it is developing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - Environmental Effects of Zehabad-e-Qazvin Lead and Zinc Mine
Farzad Sotohian Leila Hojjati Saeed SharifiProtection of environment is one of the most important principles of sustainable development in each country. Accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and water threaten the life of organisms in all ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the environ MoreProtection of environment is one of the most important principles of sustainable development in each country. Accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and water threaten the life of organisms in all ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the environmental effect of Zehabad-e-Qazvin Mine which is one of the active mines in Qazvin province. Exploitation of this mine lead to environmental pollution and releasing of toxic and hazardous elements by mineral processing and accumulation of waste materials into hydraulic systems (surface and ground waters) as well as soil in the region. Sampling was done on 120 soil types and 18 water samples in 7 stations in the mine zone. The results of analysis of lead and zinc in the soil and water in this region were compared to international standards of EPA and their permissible limit. The results of the present study showed that the level of lead and zinc elements in the sampling stations is more than standard level and permissible limit. Furthermore, the present study showed that the solid wastes and wastewater produced in this mine have imposed irreparable damages to environment mso-j -a �� x�� om:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";} یکی از ارکان مهم توسعه پایدار هر کشوری حفظ محیط­زیست آن است. تجمع فلزات سنگین در آب و خاک، زندگی جانداران هر اکوسیستمی را تهدید می­نماید. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات محیط­زیستی معدن زه آباد قزوین که از جمله معادن فعال این استان است، می­باشد. آلودگی محیط­زیست ناشی از بهره­برداری این معدن منجر به آزاد­سازی عناصر سمی و مضر از طریق فراوری ماده معدنی و به ویژه انباشت­های مواد باطله به داخل سیستم هیدرولیکی (آب­های سطحی و زیر زمینی) و نیز خاک منطقه گردیده است. نمونه­برداری از 120 تیپ خاکی و 18 نمونه آبی در 7 ایستگاه در منطقه معدنی صورت گرفت. نتایج آنالیزها و تطبیق آن با استانداردهای جهانی [1]EPA در مورد عناصر سرب و روی در خاک و آب منطقه و حد مجاز آن مقایسه گردید. نتایج این آزمایش بیانگر آن است که میزان عناصر سرب و روی در ایستگاه­های نمونه­برداری شده بیش از حد مجاز و استاندارد می­باشد. در این میان مشخص گردید که باطله­ها و پساب­های تولید شده صدمات جبران ناپذیری را بر محیط­زیست ناحیه وارد آورده است. 4- Environment Protection Agency Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - An investigation on PROMETHEE and ELECTRE outranking methods in environmental decision-making of oil and petrochemical industries
Solmaz Amoushahi Farhad Nejadkoorki Sharareh PourebrahimNowadays one of the most important global issues is environmental problems that can cause harm to human and other organisms. This problem is caused due to various factors like pollutants and other environmental disturbances. Because of these factors we need to find stra MoreNowadays one of the most important global issues is environmental problems that can cause harm to human and other organisms. This problem is caused due to various factors like pollutants and other environmental disturbances. Because of these factors we need to find strategies for solving such problems. One of the most important problems in the world is the pollution produced by different industries like oil industry that has a significant role in the nations economic and progress. There are many solutions and methods for surveying and mitigating the industries effects.Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) is one of these methods that order alternatives based on their importance. Ranking problems consist in rank ordering of all alternatives from the worst to the best, looking at their evaluations on the considered criteria.In present study two more important outranking methods (PROMETHEE and ELECTRE) were assessed and their advantages and disadvantages were surveyed. Also a study was done in Arak petrochemical industry by PROMETHEE method as an case study and construction phase alternatives were ranked by mentioned method.Case study investigation and review on other studies showed that the PROMEHTEE method because of some features like being easy to use, understandable, Ability to cope with uncertainty, importance the decision makers, ability of visual representation, validity and flexibility is more applicable than ELECTRE.So the suggested method can be applied for making environmental decisions and also oil and petrochemical industries that simultaneously deal with qualitative and quantitative data and uncertainty. The researchers hope that it would have desirable results Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - Environmental impact assessment guideline for rail way transportation projects
Majid Abbaspour Abdoreza Karbassi Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavatjou Mohsen Saeedi Fateme ZahedIn the recent years, different countries have approved some short time, medium time and long time plans to achieve development in all sectors such as transportation sector. These plans are determined by expert groups in each sector according to quality and quantity inde MoreIn the recent years, different countries have approved some short time, medium time and long time plans to achieve development in all sectors such as transportation sector. These plans are determined by expert groups in each sector according to quality and quantity indexes and these are utilized as country's development document. Generally, some of the plans and strategies have special importance for transportation ministry such as rail way transportation development, road network development, renovation of transportation fleet and comprehensive study plan of country transportation. As regards that any development has environmental impact, therefore environmental impact assessment (EIA) of each plan specially transportation one that is the target of this study, is necessary due to prevention of harmful effects and presenting mitigation plans for environment. This study has been done to conduct administrative and consultants of rail way plans, so determination of all actions in construction and operational phases is necessary. Also it is very important to determine main parameters about physical, biological and socio-economical environment. According to all of above implementations the impacts of rail ways project on different environment involving air, water, sound, soil, plant and animal will be determined and in next step mitigation plans and environmental monitoring program will be prepared. Finally environmental impact assessment guideline is developed for consultants and administrative involving 12 subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - Effect of Drilling Cutting Discharge on Marine Environment and Benthic Foraminifera
Reza Fouladi FardOffshore oil and gas drilling operation activity can release many chemical components toenvironment. Water based muds (WBMs), oil based muds(OBMs) and synthetic based muds(SBMs)are the kinds of drilling muds. SBMs have the good characteristic of OBMs in operation time a MoreOffshore oil and gas drilling operation activity can release many chemical components toenvironment. Water based muds (WBMs), oil based muds(OBMs) and synthetic based muds(SBMs)are the kinds of drilling muds. SBMs have the good characteristic of OBMs in operation time and soWBMs environmental advantage. Direct discharge to sea, transport to onshore to treatment andrepump to well are the disposal methods for this muds. Barium and hydrocarbons are the basiccomponents of drilling muds. Studies show that several year after the end of drilling cutting discharge,the level of sediment pollution by Barium and hydrocarbons around 250m of discharge point is highand after that hydrocarbons decrease quickly but Barium decreasing is slowly. Environmentalevaluations show the bad effect of this waste on benthic foraminifera specifically around 250m ofdischarge point and increase the opportunistic species.The results show that the some of benthic foraminifera species can be successfully employed as bioindicatorsof environmental change. The suggestions for environmental effect of these wastedischarge includes: waste management for reach the zero- discharge, use of low environmental effectmud , environmental assessment and analyses before and after of drilling operation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Potentiometric environmental, renewable wind energy, Ardabil Province for the establishment of wind turbine 2.5 MW Samen (AV 928) using software ArcGIS
vahid safarian zengir Batol ZeynaliThe extent of the human need for energy resources has always been the basic issues important in human lifeand strive to achieve an inexhaustible source of energy has been mankind's oldest dreams.Increased use of fossil fuels and the increasing need to be intensified wit MoreThe extent of the human need for energy resources has always been the basic issues important in human lifeand strive to achieve an inexhaustible source of energy has been mankind's oldest dreams.Increased use of fossil fuels and the increasing need to be intensified with the increase in population, and have alternative energy in the fuel must be found.Determine the proper location for the construction of wind turbines attention to the criteria and different factors.In this study of the climatic data were collected for the period specified Meteorological OrganizationAnd meteorological data required for weighting the unit accordingly then IDW and methods in ArcGIS that is suitable for mountainous areas,Zoning was used for the analysis and geographical elements,The results of the study for the establishment of wind turbines 2.5 MW to 4 stations Ardabil Province Samen AV 928 (Meshkinshar, Pars Abad, Khalkhal and Ardabil) allocated priorities excellent potential for the Ardabil station. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - Biosensors Application in Analysis of Environmental contaminants from Agricultural Industries
Marzieh Hosseini Nezhad Saeed SamadiWater contamination and environmental pollution is considered as a main concern in global healthissues. Considering the large number of chemical and microbial contaminants released to theenvironment, in particular those from agricultural origin, effective tools of detec MoreWater contamination and environmental pollution is considered as a main concern in global healthissues. Considering the large number of chemical and microbial contaminants released to theenvironment, in particular those from agricultural origin, effective tools of detection are required forprevention of challenges involved in health and safety. Biosensors offer rapid and effective detectionoptions to control biological hazards. These are recognized as beneficial devices in providing accurate,sensitive and rapid analytical results in quantitative and qualitative detection of pollutants. This paperis summarizes the advances in development and application of biosensors for environmental analysisand quantification of contaminants initiated from agricultural procedures Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - Green Design Product: a New Approach in the Environmental Management Accounting
mohammad norooziAlthough economic development and growthing business activities and markets along with economic growth and the social walfare human beigns has taken pleace, but with the pressure on the natural systems of the planct and have been used none renewable natural resourses, w MoreAlthough economic development and growthing business activities and markets along with economic growth and the social walfare human beigns has taken pleace, but with the pressure on the natural systems of the planct and have been used none renewable natural resourses, which load to more extraction natural resources, accumulation of waste materials and destruction of the environment. This paper referring to accounting for environmental management, as one of the influential factors in environmental management and natural resources explains, the concept of green product design and operational process on the use of company products. The results show that green production processes to environmentally friendly product design, to analyze the situation and selection criteria and evaluation of plans for the replacement, to finally the products with positive effects on corporate performance, and the value in the supply chain to achieve green management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - Investigating the Environmental Effects of Ecotourism and the Role of Environmental Education in Reducing its Destructive Effects(Case study: South Khorasan province)
qazaleh daliri Ahmad NohegarIncreasing the number of tourists with the high ecological potential of a region can have devastating and irreversible effects on the host or destination community or lead to a decrease in the quality of the tourism experience. Ethical codes also have their own complexi MoreIncreasing the number of tourists with the high ecological potential of a region can have devastating and irreversible effects on the host or destination community or lead to a decrease in the quality of the tourism experience. Ethical codes also have their own complexities and must be carefully considered. If this is not taken into the account, environmental and social problems will plague society and if the environment is destroyed, the greatest harm is to man himself, who is in fact in conflict with sustainable development. Conservation means both the care and rational use of natural resources; therefore, ecotourism is sustainable that responds to the needs of today's generation and also considers the needs of future generations. The present study is an applied research that, considering the cases mentioned, has investigated the environmental effects of ecotourism in South Khorasan province and the position of environmental education in reducing its destructive effects. This means that it covers all the needs of the host and host community and benefits both parties. The method of review is through observation, interview and review of available documents, which first refers to the tourism potentials of this province as well as the problems that have been encountered due to the development of ecotourism. Finally, environmental education has been discussed as the best and most effective way to inform and create a sense of responsibility among the community, especially those who enter it with the aim of protecting nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - Determination of MODFLOW model sensitivity toward distribution coefficient (Kd)
Mohammad Nickhah Monfared Mohammad Reza SabourOne of the important effectives that recently lionizes in Environmental Geotechnics, is"distribution Coefficient (Kd)". The range of this parameter is very wide, ranging as much as "0" to"1000" and more. This wide range is important in using numerical models for undergr MoreOne of the important effectives that recently lionizes in Environmental Geotechnics, is"distribution Coefficient (Kd)". The range of this parameter is very wide, ranging as much as "0" to"1000" and more. This wide range is important in using numerical models for underground water andcontaminant transformation modeling. MODFLOW is one of the appropriate models in undergroundwater and contaminant transformation modeling.It is very important to understand the sensitivity of this model towards Kd and the effects ofselected method in modeling given the necessity of this model to distribution Coefficient and itsability about calculation of Kd in 3 methods.This research has been performed for the soil of Rey zone with MTBE and all of the tests have beenperformed according to ASTM standards.Finally it is concluded that the sensitivity of MODFLOW toward value of Kd and itscalculation method is inconsiderable and the model is most appropriate when Kd is not known. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - Survey on Environmental Effects of Zayandeh Rood River’s Dam
Mehran shabanKary Amir hossein Halbian -
Open Access Article
522 - Environmental Risk management For Construction phase of Oil Fields Platforms (Case study construction phase of Reshadat oil field)
Hoda Hosseini Tooraj Dana Reza Arjmandi Iman ShirianpourDevelopment in industries and technology on one hand and polluting the environment on the other hand are being interconnected, however we cannot expect industrial development which is necessary for science and economic improvement of human kind without destroying and ef MoreDevelopment in industries and technology on one hand and polluting the environment on the other hand are being interconnected, however we cannot expect industrial development which is necessary for science and economic improvement of human kind without destroying and effecting parts of environment. Oil field are giant structure with drilling, extraction and processing of oil but making them can significant affect on the environment due to taking risk therefore is required continiuos research. Current research was undertaken with the aim of environmental risk management for construction of Reshadat oil field platforms (comprised of four platforms Q4, W4, W0, and P4) in Farasahel Company that is located in Sadra Island. For this purpose after identifying different activities available in site, effects of these activities on the environmental aspects were analyzed and finally priority risk value for each activity was calculated by considering 3 important factors such as importance, effects and frequency. Upon various Calculations it was determined that 67.7% environmental risks were moderate, 23.44% were on low risks and 8.86% were categorized as high risk activities. Upon presenting corrective management action in order to reduce and control amount of environmental risks, secondary assessment was performed. Due to corrective measurement moderate risks 57.69% and low risks 67.15% and 100% of high risks activities were eliminated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - Estimating amount of agricultural residuals useable in wood and paper Industries (case study: Golestan province)
Roya Fazli Saeed Kamrani Nooredin NazarnezhadThis study conducted by the purpose of investigating agricultural wastes (usable in wood and paper industry) remained in farm lands which due to factors such as burning caused environmental contamination in Golestan province. In this way, from applicable findings, rema MoreThis study conducted by the purpose of investigating agricultural wastes (usable in wood and paper industry) remained in farm lands which due to factors such as burning caused environmental contamination in Golestan province. In this way, from applicable findings, remained farm products in Golestan field such as wheat, rice and barely have been used. Study Result showed that about 1/3 of the agricultural plants stem in agricultural field remained and burnt without harvesting, including wheat, rice and barely. In this study, estimating amount of the wastes in one square meter area of the Golestan field randomly and finally in hectare level and total cities have been generalized. Results showed that the highest amount of burnt waste related to wheat straw and the lowest on related to rice straw. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - Utilization of renewable energy resources in European Union’s Legal System
Seyed Abbas Poor Hashemi Loabat Taghavi Azam Parande MotlaghToday, renewable energies are considering as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts in the world. On the other hand, utilization of renewable energies for environmental protection has been increasing rapidly in recent y MoreToday, renewable energies are considering as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts in the world. On the other hand, utilization of renewable energies for environmental protection has been increasing rapidly in recent years especially in developed countries and employing this kind of energies for environmental protection has been successful. Despite the importance of renewable energies, unfortunately, this type of energy are not widely used in all countries. It is clear that renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries.Based on the European Union model, in order to achieve sustainable development and environmental protection, the use of fossil energy sources to renewable energy sources such as wind energy , solar energy, global warming , alternative energy, biomass, etc., are very essential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current EU legal system to promote of the utilization of renewable resources that can be considered as one of the models studied in this context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - EFFICIENCY INDICATORS OF STATE ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCIES OF GUARANTEE THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Zahra Elahian Akramolmolok Lahijanian faride Hagh ShenasAlthough the concept of thinking about the environmental importance and its value as old as human society itself, and since the study in the field of NGO management is written, came to work the features of environmental NGOsTehran in achieving the id MoreAlthough the concept of thinking about the environmental importance and its value as old as human society itself, and since the study in the field of NGO management is written, came to work the features of environmental NGOsTehran in achieving the ideals seventh Millennium Development Goals (ensure environmental sustainability) will be dealt.One of the main goals of the Millennium Development Goals is the seventh cause (ensure environmental sustainability).The review also includes relevant theoretical foundations: The role and influence nongovernmental organizations, the Millennium Development Goals and the current state of the environment in the world and Iran, and theories associated with the research topic one hand and considering the characteristics of effective NGOs improve the environment and promote the institutional role and making it, has been considered. Efficiency featuresthat have been studied include participation, legitimacy (the rule of law), transparency, responsibility, consensus and people thrust, justice and fairness, efficiency and effectiveness, accountability.In this study, statistical community, including managers, members and volunteers required environmental NGOs in Tehran is the sample size assuming unlimited Statistical Society, 095 confidence level, is calculated andsampling, simple random and methods, is descriptive method of data collection Tribe questionnaire is then based on test data analysis and ultimately paid divergence and propose solutions that are presented Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - The relationship between the degrees of using ICT (with an emphasis on the Internet) with the environmental literacy of students
Mahdieh Rezaei Seyyed Mohammad ShobeiriThe aim of the present research is to become familiar with awareness, attitude, and environmental behavior of the students at Payame Noor University, Markazi Province and to examine the degree of effect of ICT on these variables, with an emphasis on the Internet. The me MoreThe aim of the present research is to become familiar with awareness, attitude, and environmental behavior of the students at Payame Noor University, Markazi Province and to examine the degree of effect of ICT on these variables, with an emphasis on the Internet. The method used in the present research was an applied method in terms of the objective and the data were collected via the survey descriptive method. The population included 26701 students at Payame Noor University, Markazi Province, Iran, and 377 samples were randomly selected using Cochran’s sample size formula and then examined. The research instrument was a questionnaire composed of five sections, which was piloted in order to increase its reliability and validity. Based on the findings, the attitude and behaviors of the students were higher than their awareness and there was no significant difference between awareness, attitude, and environmental behaviors of male and female university students. Moreover, there was only a significant relationship between the environmental awareness and amount of using the Internet at 0.05 significance level with a relatively low correlation coefficient. No relationship was found between the university students ’environmental behaviors and attitude and the degree to which they used the Internet. There was also no relationship between visiting the environmental websites on the Internet and their environmental behaviors, attitude, and awareness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - Environmental impact assessment guideline for rail way transportation projects
Majid Abbaspour Abdoreza Karbassi Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavatjou Mohsen Saeedi Fateme ZahedIn the recent years, different countries haveapproved some short time, medium time and longtime plans to achieve development in all sectorssuch as transportation sector. These plans aredetermined by expert groups in each sectoraccording to quality and quantity indexes a MoreIn the recent years, different countries haveapproved some short time, medium time and longtime plans to achieve development in all sectorssuch as transportation sector. These plans aredetermined by expert groups in each sectoraccording to quality and quantity indexes and theseare utilized as country’s development document.Generally, some of the plans and strategies havespecial importance for transportation ministry suchas rail way transportation development, roadnetwork development, renovation of transportationfleet and comprehensive study plan of countrytransportation. As regards that any developmenthas environmental impact, therefore environmentalimpact assessment (EIA) of each plan speciallytransportation one that is the target of this study,is necessary due to prevention of harmful effectsand presenting mitigation plans for environment.This study has been done to conduct administrativeand consultants of rail way plans, so determinationof all actions in construction and operationalphases is necessary. Also it is very important todetermine main parameters about physical,biological and socio-economical environment.According to all of above implementations theimpacts of rail ways project on different environmentinvolving air, water, sound, soil, plant and animalwill be determined and in next step mitigationplans and environmental monitoring program willbe prepared. Finally environmental impact assessmentguideline is developed for consultants andadministrative involving 12 subjects.impacts of rail ways project on differentenvironment involving air, water, sound, soil,plant and animal will be determined and innext step mitigation plans and environmentalmonitoring program will be prepared. Finallyenvironmental impact assessment guideline isdeveloped for consultants and administrativeinvolving 12 subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - Investigation and Comparison Capabilities of Common Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment and ELECTRE-TRI Multi-Criteria Decision Method
Mojtaba Barzehkar Nargess Kargari Naghmeh Mobarghaee DinanEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of identifying, predicting and mitigating the negative impacts of development projects on physico-Chemical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environments. The main purpose of EIA process is to inform decision mak MoreEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of identifying, predicting and mitigating the negative impacts of development projects on physico-Chemical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environments. The main purpose of EIA process is to inform decision makers of the likely impacts of a proposal before a decision is made. EIA provides an opportunity to identify key issues and stakeholders early in the life of a proposal so that potentially adverse impacts can be addressed before final approval decisions are made. There are different methods for implementing an EIA project. The best method is one, which can quantify the impacts and assess the impacts rapidly. This paper attempts to investigate and compare capabilities of the EIA prevalent methods including questionnaire, matrix, system analysis, maps overlay, networks and ELECTRE-TRI multi-criteria decision method. This paper indicates that ELECTRE_TRI is an appropriate method for EIA projects. However, the final judgment of the selection of EIA method depends on the EIA experts opinions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - Justice and governance principal ways to achieve the sustainability of environment (legal view of Rio+20 to sustainable development)
Lobat Taghavi Farhad Dabiri Sobhan TayebiThe Rio+20 summit started from June 20, 2012, was looking for specific targets on the path way ofglobal sustainable development, focusing on international environmental issues, green economy andsustainable development, and environmental good governance, etc.This great i MoreThe Rio+20 summit started from June 20, 2012, was looking for specific targets on the path way ofglobal sustainable development, focusing on international environmental issues, green economy andsustainable development, and environmental good governance, etc.This great international gathering had set its working schedule based on fundamental principles ofjustice, good governance, role of law, and sustainable development, and encouraged the cooperation ofworld leaders to take a novel approach to achieve sustainable development and execution of globalgovernorship of law in 21st century.The RIO+20 was after the ways and means to achieve the principal goals , such as cooperation onprincipals of sustainable development, evaluation of activities since the first meeting held 20 yearsago, i.e. on 1992 , and the experiences gained . Attention was also made to execution of national andinternational environmental related laws, prioritization of sustainable issues, social justice, in order toachieve sustainable development.The international community must also think beyond Rio+20 and to establish a robust framework forstrengthening international environmental rules and provide effective solutions for the future withinthe context of global environmental policies. The present paper evaluates and studies the formation ofthis world wide meeting and its consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - Management of Solid Waste Recycle in Semnan Industrial Estate
Mina Goshayeshi Bita Ayati Hossein Ganjidoust dostAbstract: Introduction: Semnan industrial estate with 2000 hectares is located in km 8 of Damghan-Semnan road. At present time, 300 manufacturing units are active in this estate. Some of them are manufacturing of electronic, metal, chemical, textile, non-metallic MoreAbstract: Introduction: Semnan industrial estate with 2000 hectares is located in km 8 of Damghan-Semnan road. At present time, 300 manufacturing units are active in this estate. Some of them are manufacturing of electronic, metal, chemical, textile, non-metallic mineral and lignocelluloses products. The investigations have shown that solid waste production and its improper disposal is one of the main important problems in the industrial estate. Material: In this study according to the available documents and field studies, solid waste were identified and classified basis on kinds, physical properties, recyclability, production place, offloading periodicity, temporary storage, transferring to the landfill. Result and discussion: According to the quantitative and qualitative investigation, there are 32 types of recyclable wastes in the estate. Four main types of them are plastic, paper, metal and wood wastes with annual production of 1000, 1400, 8400 and 540 ton, respectively. With consideration of all determinants of recycling complex establishment, the paper wastes recycling plant is only recommended. Transfer of plastic and metal wastes to the neighbor industrial complexes and reuse of wood wastes are also proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - Review of development in international liability resulting from environmental damages regarding to Basel Convention
leila RaisiOne way to develop the implementation ofenvironmental regulations at international levelis to expand international liability scope of statesthat breach regulations. In this regard, seriousefforts have been done in past years, as considerableevaluations have been occurre MoreOne way to develop the implementation ofenvironmental regulations at international levelis to expand international liability scope of statesthat breach regulations. In this regard, seriousefforts have been done in past years, as considerableevaluations have been occurred. Nowadays, evaluationsin case of international liability resultingfrom environmental damages such as developmentin scope of liability (changes from error- basedliability to principle of danger- based liability),expanding environmental liability to privatesector, acceptance of criminal liability for whodamage to environment, and so on. Generally, allof them express change in liability regime in thecase of environment at international level. AndBasel Convention is a good sample of these evaluations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - Investigation of lichenic biofilm on surfaces rocks in ancient village of Kandovan, Iran
Paria Ebrahimi Vafaei Jafar HemmatDue to the importance of monitoring the biodiversity and surveillance of ancient monuments and the growth of some types of lichens on the rocks of stone surfaces in the historical village of Kandovan, the lichenic biofilm of the rocks were studied. The study area was di MoreDue to the importance of monitoring the biodiversity and surveillance of ancient monuments and the growth of some types of lichens on the rocks of stone surfaces in the historical village of Kandovan, the lichenic biofilm of the rocks were studied. The study area was divided based on the particular situation of the village. After isolation, the isolated lichens were documented then identified on the basis of morphological, anatomical and chemical characteristics. Regarding the different distribution patterns of lichens in the rocky areas of the village, it was attempted to investigate its relation with environmental factors and human activities. The results showed that more than 42 different types of lichen have been colonized as stone biofilms and biodiversity on the rocky surfaces in the Kandovan village. The 9 selected species are presented for the first time as the common species in this habitat stone surfaces which have an important role to create biofilms and change the appearance of the rocks. Ecological factors governing on Kandovan, including climate, architecture and human activities can affect the biodiversity and development of the lichens. However, the evaluation of their influence on biodeteration or protection of the stones warrants further investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY AND ITS ROLE IN THE PRESENT WORLD
Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam Azam GhasemiNowadays, the management of environmental issues such as hazardous waste is not simply a technical problem, but is confounded by legal, social, political and even ethical considerations.Environmental ethics asks about the moral relationships between MoreNowadays, the management of environmental issues such as hazardous waste is not simply a technical problem, but is confounded by legal, social, political and even ethical considerations.Environmental ethics asks about the moral relationships between humans and the world around us. Due to important issues of our present world, the understanding of main principles of environmental ethics and philosophyis become essential for all specialists who are working at different fields. The environmental issues cannot be solved without the help of all people specially managers and engineers.The main aim of this paper is to compare different ethical perspectives regarding to our environment. In this paper, different ethical perspectives including humanisms, biocentrism(life-centered), ecocentrisms (eco-centeric), utilitiarinism are briefly explained. In addition,the point of view of religious regarding to environment is briefly discussed. Humanism claims that we are unique because of ourintelligent, foresight and creativity and on the other hand, eco-centrism claims that all ecological processes and systems have intrinsic values and right regardless of whether they are useful to us. Furthermore, the importanceand role of the Codes of Ethics for engineers, which are adopted by several professional associations, are described in the paper Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - Effect of Drilling Cutting Discharge on Marine Environment and Benthic Foraminifera
Reza Fouladi FardOffshore oil and gas drilling operation activity can release many chemical components to environment.Water based muds (WBMs), oil based muds(OBMs) and synthetic based muds(SBMs) are the kinds of drilling muds. SBMs have the good characteristic of OBM MoreOffshore oil and gas drilling operation activity can release many chemical components to environment.Water based muds (WBMs), oil based muds(OBMs) and synthetic based muds(SBMs) are the kinds of drilling muds. SBMs have the good characteristic of OBMs in operation time and so WBMs environmental advantage. Directischarge to sea, transport to onshore to treatment and repump to well are the disposal methods for this muds. Barium and hydrocarbons are the basic components of drilling muds. Studies show that several year after he end of drilling cutting discharge, the level of sediment pollution by Barium and hydrocarbons around 250m of discharge point is high and after that hydrocarbons decrease quickly but Barium decreasing is slowly.Environmental evaluations show the bad effect of this waste on benthic foraminifera specifically around 250m of discharge point and increase the opportunistic species. The results show that the some of benthic foraminiferaspecies can be successfully employed as bioindicators of environmental change. The suggestions for environmental impact of these waste discharge includes: waste management for reach the zerodischarge, use of low vironmental effect mud , environmental assessment and analyses before and after of drilling operation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - Studying the status of urban parks for conservation environment and presenting the appropriate managerial strategies” (Case study: Parks in Dist. 7 of Tehran)
Maryam Mehrara Akramol Moluk Lahijanian“Subject: Studying the status of urban parks for conservation of environment and presenting theappropriate managerial strategies” (Case study: Parks in Dist. 7 of Tehran) Objective: Studying thestatus of Tehran urban parks for conservation of environment.Man More“Subject: Studying the status of urban parks for conservation of environment and presenting theappropriate managerial strategies” (Case study: Parks in Dist. 7 of Tehran) Objective: Studying thestatus of Tehran urban parks for conservation of environment.Management in the urban parks results in environmental indices promotion; Applying the appropriatemanagement provides the conservation of urban parks’ environment; The appropriate managementresults in reduction of environmental wastes in the urban parks. Sampling group: The sampling groupof this study is consisted of 52 parks available in Tehran municipality Dist. 7 including all experts,managers and personnel of Deputy of Urban Affairs and Green Space, generally the sample size is 123persons. Sample size: The sampling group of the research is consisted of 93 experts, managers andpersonnel of Deputy of Urban Affairs and Green Space, and 10 parks have been selected as samplerandomly out of 5 studies zones in Dist. 7. The data analysis method includes two descriptive andinferential parts which has been applied aiding SPSS software, that Pierson coefficient of correlationtests have been used in this research.The findings of this research indicated that the most correlation among the variables is as follows:Applying the appropriate management provides the conservation of urban parks’ environment; theappropriate management results in reduction of environmental wastes in the urban parks; Managementin the urban parks results in environmental indices promotion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - Investigating the international responsibility development arising from environmental damage according to Bazel convection
Leyla RaisiOne way to expand the level of the international environmental regulations , expand the scope of the international responsibility of the countries are incomplete mentioned regulations. In this regard , in a previous years have been made serious effor MoreOne way to expand the level of the international environmental regulations , expand the scope of the international responsibility of the countries are incomplete mentioned regulations. In this regard , in a previous years have been made serious efforts so that this issues has caused significant changes.Nowadays, In the scope of the international responsibility arising from environmental damage can be named such as widening the scope this kind of responsibility , Expanding the scope of this responsibility to the responsibility of the risk of liability arising fromerrors.Range of environment responsibilities to the private sector.The acceptance of criminal liability or environmental damage and some other development named All of suggests a changes in regime in thearea of environmental responsibility at the international level and Bazel convection is a good example to illustrate the mentioned changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
537 - Environmental risk assessment of Shohadaye Khalij Fars Agro-industrial Complex Using TOPEFMEA method
Sahar Rezaian Seyed Ali Jozi Sadaf AtaeeThis study was conducted with the aim of environmental risk assessment of Shohadaye Khalij Fars Agro-industrial Complex situated in kilometer 75 of Ahvaz - Khorramshahr Road. In this paper, after reviewing activities, measuring contamination parameters and processes of MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of environmental risk assessment of Shohadaye Khalij Fars Agro-industrial Complex situated in kilometer 75 of Ahvaz - Khorramshahr Road. In this paper, after reviewing activities, measuring contamination parameters and processes of sugar production salon of the Complex, environmental risk assessment was performed via TOPMEFEA. This is a hybrid method for the environmental risk assessment which is composed of a combination of the two methods of TOPSIS and EFMEA. For this purpose, in accordance with the method of analysis of failure modes and its impacts on the environment, some worksheets were first designed to assess the environmental risks. In these worksheets, variables such as the identification process of potential failure modes, potential effects of failures, potential causes of failure, initial assessment of the environmental aspects, were studied as environmental aspects. Then, using brainstorming method environmental impacts of each activity were identified and evaluated by relevant personnel and experts. The results showed the entry of contaminants and chemicals to aquatic environment due to sugar production process with the risk priority number of 16 with first priority, and the entry of chemical compounds and carbohydrates into the aquatic environment due to syrup refining, and contaminates. Considering that drainage in this Complex will have the most significant outcomes, the establishment of an industrial refinery and the application of advanced methods of wastewater treatment were among the proposals to reduce the most important risk factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
538 - Design and organize a conservation- tourism in fringe gardens, (Case study: Sarab Qanbar Kermanshah)
Sajjad Shamshiri Hassan DarabiMost of Iranian cities are located beside productive lands which are proper for gardening andagricultural activities. Therefore, there exist many gardens and farmlands in marginal areas.Development of cities has decreased the rural quality of these lands. Obviously, und MoreMost of Iranian cities are located beside productive lands which are proper for gardening andagricultural activities. Therefore, there exist many gardens and farmlands in marginal areas.Development of cities has decreased the rural quality of these lands. Obviously, under thesecircumstances we must take a more sensitive responsibility for the value of marginal areas. On theother hand, with the increase in population of cities like Kermanshah and in the resident’s demand forgreen and open spaces for spending leisure times and making social interactions, the need fordeveloping new spaces proper for spending leisure times in marginal areas is strongly felt in the city.The role that gardens and farmlands have in respect of recreation and aesthetic might prevent the actsof construction in these areas. In this study, by applying landscape ecology for establishing newactivities and practices, we firstly evaluate the existing condition of gardens in Sarab-e-Ghanbar. Thenthe region is zonation visually. Identification of these zone is made to implement practical solutionsfor improving total condition of the region as well as to determine features, potentials and issuesrelated to each zone. Finally, with developing aims for design and organize, these studies are made inthe form of a strategic plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - Review the status of environmental education in Iran and comparison with other countries
Zahra Hemmati Seyyed Mohammad ShobeiriIn recent years, environmental education has become a priority growing locally, nationally and internationally. United Nations decade of education for sustainable development (2005-2014), invites all member states to attempt to increase the commitment for educate people MoreIn recent years, environmental education has become a priority growing locally, nationally and internationally. United Nations decade of education for sustainable development (2005-2014), invites all member states to attempt to increase the commitment for educate people, about the need to establish a sustainable future and create capable citizens to perform its. Therefore, the environment as well as one of the main components of sustainable development requires training. Since from 1970s, many meetings and conferences been held in this area, some of which are quite important due to influence legislation, design and implementation of environmental education programs throughout the world. Many countries have done appropriate efforts in this regard, although some of these countries are in the early stages. This study is a documentary research review status of environmental education in Iran in comparison with other countries. First, legislation and development programs were considered in order to investigate the status of environmental education in national laws and then, programs and activities related to environmental education by various organizations were studied. Finally, it was concluded that environmental education in Iran is in the beginning of the path, although limited efforts, but effective have been done in this area. Also some recommendations are provided to improve position of Iran in terms of environmental education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - Environmental management and planning in the aspect of fourth developing national master plan
naser moharam nejad Samira KhadiviThe planning for resource management to achieve desirable development is one of today’s most important economical, environmental and social affairs. During such planning any lack attention to natural reserves, wildlife settlement and cultural heritage that is for MoreThe planning for resource management to achieve desirable development is one of today’s most important economical, environmental and social affairs. During such planning any lack attention to natural reserves, wildlife settlement and cultural heritage that is for all society and next generations, will become extinct. For these reasons, establishing necessary scheme for establishing the balance between the national conservation and today’s requirements is one of the most important duty of responsible, specially the government and the parliament. To Setting the sustainable development in country, needs codifying law and enforcing it. Scheduling laws determine the frameworks and multilateral development ordered system of country that is the basis of accepted general policy and strategies. With considering the fourth development plan’s law and comparing those with the last plan’s laws it can say that the care on the ecosystem is growth. In fact, the fourth development plan’s laws directed sustainable development achievement in country and following the fiftieth article of law, is trying to adapt the procedure of developing specially economic and industrial with the ecosystem necessaries, in order to prevent unsustainable development. In fourth development master plan, one of the sixth foundations is environment preservation, logistic territory and regional equilibrium. Fifteen articles of 161 articles of fourth development plan are for environment preservation and in 14 of other is the necessity of environment preservation which has taken into consideration. The settled procedure shows the movement on a comparatively successful way on connecting environment considerations by developing plan to reach stable development. The success of these, are based on the enforcing of the codified laws completely and thoroughly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - Challenge on identification of location
Keyvan ShademanGlobalization as a result from the traditional chronological/spatial order collapse is occurring regarding the isolation of Space/Time from Place; this is isolated Space/Time in a infinite field get combined to prepare for possibility of interaction as a social ma MoreGlobalization as a result from the traditional chronological/spatial order collapse is occurring regarding the isolation of Space/Time from Place; this is isolated Space/Time in a infinite field get combined to prepare for possibility of interaction as a social material. Therefore it seems that, the realm of data stream influence in the globalization trend of “Urban/Space/Place” Identity is related to several connections of people and this data stream and the whole society that it is going to establish a new situation by a new vision of Place Identity Definition. A serious look must be taken at Islamic culture and data stream influences as the main part of establish the identity of urban spaces/places; in spite of some definition such as virtual space, virtual body and virtual city look so familiar, they are not described scientifically in Persian resources. One of the aims of this article is presenting a precise research in this field. As the most important end, this article tries to approach a theoric base for the influences and several factors concerning Place Identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
542 - Environmental management and planning in the aspect of fourth developing national master plan
Naser Moharamnejad Samira Khadivy The planning for resource management to achieve desirable development is one of today’s most important economical, environmental and social affairs. During such planning any lack attention to natural reserves, wildlife settlement and cultural heritage More The planning for resource management to achieve desirable development is one of today’s most important economical, environmental and social affairs. During such planning any lack attention to natural reserves, wildlife settlement and cultural heritage that is for all society and next generations, will become extinct. For these reasons, establishing necessary scheme for establishing the balance between the national conservation and today’s requirements is one of the most important duty of responsible, specially the government and the parliament. To Setting the sustainable development in country, needs codifying law and enforcing it. Scheduling laws determine the frameworks and multilateral development ordered system of country that is the basis of accepted general policy and strategies. With considering the fourth development plan’s law and comparing those with the last plan’s laws it can say that the care on the ecosystem is growth. In fact, the fourth development plan’s laws directed sustainable development achievement in country and following the fiftieth article of law, is trying to adapt the procedure of developing specially economic and industrial with the ecosystem necessaries, in order to prevent unsustainable development. In fourth development master plan, one of the sixth foundations is environment preservation, logistic territory and regional equilibrium. Fifteen articles of 161 articles of fourth development plan are for environment preservation and in 14 of other is the necessity of environment preservation which has taken into consideration. The settled procedure shows the movement on a comparatively successful way on connecting environment considerations by developing plan to reach stable development. The success of these, are based on the enforcing of the codified laws completely and thoroughly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
543 - Settlement of environmental disputes from the world trade with the context of WTO settlement mechanism
Farhad Dabiri Ali Zare Mostafa Panahi Milad MalakpourEnvironmental dispute among nations and beneficiaries or even the procedural organizationsstill subsist, beside environmental dispute due to world trade in form of the dispute settlement systemof World Trade Organization treated as an effective source of international i MoreEnvironmental dispute among nations and beneficiaries or even the procedural organizationsstill subsist, beside environmental dispute due to world trade in form of the dispute settlement systemof World Trade Organization treated as an effective source of international instability and a threat topeace and international security. Concerning the importance of environmental issues and the fact thatthe system and the nature of environmental rights are based on precautionary and preventive bases, notthe redress methods as a subject of public international rights which has not much efficiency ininternational environmental rights; hence the competence and qualification of WTO’s DisputeSettlement System on encountering the environmental issues should be evaluated. In this research theimpact of international conflicts including the environmental issues and their impact on environmentalinternational rights development and the role of the environmental dispute settlement committees inWTO will be studied by the help of reviewing the library sources and in-house and externalprofessional essays. Moreover the efficiency of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System facing suchargument and its impact on environmental issues and rectification of the environmental loss will bestudy as well as the effect of advisory opinion of Trade and Environmental Committee, Unesco‘s planon jury’s or appellate decisions of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System via balancing resources furtherto comparing the out coming results with the desired criterion. End result of this study indicates whatapproaches and method are engaged in WTO’s Dispute Settlement System for argument resolutionand define the schedule and costs for resolving the environmental disputes, definitive sentences andadministrative mechanism of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
544 - Achieving sustainable development from the perspective of international environmental law
Farhad Dabiri Yalda Khalatbari Sahar ZareiAbstract For many years, humanity has used the nature for its development, but unbridled development after industrial revolution has left such a destructive effect on the planet that not only the same methods by poor countries for development are impossible, but it see MoreAbstract For many years, humanity has used the nature for its development, but unbridled development after industrial revolution has left such a destructive effect on the planet that not only the same methods by poor countries for development are impossible, but it seems selfish action also in today's conditions. Hence, in recent decades sustainable development is presented as a solution. On the one hand, environmental law is an important key for supervision and management of sustainable development. These rights are effective in determining policies and environmental protection measures as well as rational and sustainable use of natural resources. Declarations of Stockholm 1972, Rio 1992, Johannesburg 2002 and Rio+20 have been mentioned that achieving sustainable development requires environmental protection and orientation of international environmental law is in line with the concept of sustainable development. But in practice, it seems that the sustainable development faces with challenges at the global level. One of the most important of such challenges is the contrast between development and the environment in both developed and developing countries. One of the most dependable sources to deal with these threats and regulate the behavior of international law followers, is international environmental law. Therefore, this article attempts to analyze the binding and non-binding instruments in the field of international environmental law for achieving sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
545 - Introduction of DPSIR Model and Its Applicable in Environmental decision making
Atieh Khatibi Afshin Danehkar Sharareh Pourebrahim Majid VahidThe purpose of this study is an introduction of the DPSIR model and the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR. Due to nu MoreThe purpose of this study is an introduction of the DPSIR model and the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR. Due to numerous environmentalproblems which are mostly based on economical aspects of anthropogenic Over the recent decadesboth scientists and decision-makers challenged. These problems have ranged in scales from globalclimate change to effects of anthropogenic on ecological systems. Nowadays, there is a considerableneed to a flexible approach to deal effectively with environmental problems regarding to thoseproblems; an approaches which consider both socio-economic factors as well as environmentalfactors. With respect to the aim of this study, the method of the study is reviewing researches andprevious findings about the application of DPSIR model and it’s as benefits and disadvantages in anenvironmental decision making. The DPSIR (Driving force-pressure-state-impact-responseframeworkis such a tool allowing the description of environmental problems through defining the relationshipbetween anthropogenic activities and the environment. The results of this study indicates that TheDPSIR model could categorize and simplify various information about environmental systems due toproviding those information for policy makers for possible responses. so in recent decades this methodare increasingly used by scientists and policy makers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
546 - The Phenomenon of Algal Bloom Problem of Water Resources
Malihe AminiRed tide is an algal bloom phenomenon which causes a lack of oxygen in the deeper water layers and with consumption of oxygen in the water, conditions for growth and aquatic life will be very hard and also can cause fish death. Algal bloom is a very complex phenomenon. MoreRed tide is an algal bloom phenomenon which causes a lack of oxygen in the deeper water layers and with consumption of oxygen in the water, conditions for growth and aquatic life will be very hard and also can cause fish death. Algal bloom is a very complex phenomenon. In some cases, it has quite natural origin and sometimes it is occurred due to anthropogenic activities. In the absence of anthropogenic cause of this phenomenon, there are varieties of factors such as wastewater, agricultural and industrial wastewaters which contains Nitrate and Phosphate and in large quantities used in agricultural fertilizers; important factors affecting the aquatic environment are exacerbated in low-oxygen conditions. Also increase in greenhouse gases, Iron-rich dust, hydrological factors and massive changes in global climate, handling and transport of non-indigenous species through ballast water of ships and many unknown factors are affecting on occurrence of the red tide. Algal bloom could affect the fishes, aquatic organisms, and also could have negative effects on economy and health of the local peoples in the affected region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
547 - Environment reporting and business strategy
Esmaeel GhafariEnvironmental accounting has been recentlydeveloped as one of sub-divisions of accounting.Due to growth of society concentration onenvironmental issues, accounting takes essentialroles on performance measurement. Being awareof environment condition leads a business unit MoreEnvironmental accounting has been recentlydeveloped as one of sub-divisions of accounting.Due to growth of society concentration onenvironmental issues, accounting takes essentialroles on performance measurement. Being awareof environment condition leads a business unit toactive environmental performance.In this article, the author pays attention to integrityof environmental methods with business methodsand avoids investigating the way of dealing withenvironmental accounting in financial accountingstandards. He also considers intra-organization andextra-organization impacts which cause reductionof operation and investment expenses of pollutioncontrolling equipments and determining capitalinvestment evaluation from one side, and causeregulation codification by governments andtaxation results from other side, via examiningbusiness strategy including programs, takingmanagement delicate decisions, supporting andtraining.Taking environmental issues into considerationin last years, has been extended into standardcodification field too; standards of AmericanGovernmental Accounting Standard CodificationBoard and IFAC guides are obvious examples ofit.The following topics will be discussed in thearticle:1- environmental elements of business strategy2- providing essential performance report3- identifying required multifunctional measuringskills4- Collecting and analyzing required data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
548 - Environmental Impacts of PET- PTA Petrochemical Industries (Case Study: Mahshahr Economic Special Zone)
saeeid Malmasi seyed ali Jozi seyed masood Monavari elahe Jafarian MoghadamPetrochemical industries pollutants especially heavy metals affect human health and environment. In this study, impacts of poly ethylene terephthalate petrochemical industries in Mahshahr economic special zone are evaluated with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) by wei MorePetrochemical industries pollutants especially heavy metals affect human health and environment. In this study, impacts of poly ethylene terephthalate petrochemical industries in Mahshahr economic special zone are evaluated with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) by weighting and synthesizing of health human and environmental damage criteria. In this region, main petrochemical industries are constructed close to fiords. Hence pollutants due to these industries have detrimental effects on fiords as most important ecosystem with high biodiversity. Health human damage evaluation is achieved by expressing the impacts of each pollutant on employee and local population health. Environmental damage assessment requires on intuitive expression pollutants density and environmental sensitivity. Finally nine main pollutants are evaluated according to the kind of studied petrochemical industry, TSS, Oil & Grease, COD, Heavy metals, SOX, NOX, CO2, H2S and PM. these pollutants are then compared to derive a environmental scores. Results indicate that water pollution is most important issue and TSS and Oil & Grease with 0.235, 0.326 scores from waste water discharged as highest priority should be controlled in studied area. Air pollution due to gaseous emission is second priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
549 - Litigation and International Responsibility; Instruments deal with the lack of performing commitments concerning climate change
Seyed Abbas Pourhashemi Sobhan Taiebi Shima NaderiCreating and articulating the human rights of the people is necessary. Therefore human rights in dealing with environmental problems, not indifferent and more serious issues in the light of environmental considerations within the international legal has institutionalize MoreCreating and articulating the human rights of the people is necessary. Therefore human rights in dealing with environmental problems, not indifferent and more serious issues in the light of environmental considerations within the international legal has institutionalized. One of the most important environmental problems of global climate change is caused by the violation of the international obligations of states.However, conventions, protocols and other international documents on climate change with emphasis on the prevention of air and water pollution seems not yet developed, developing and least developed in the implementation of these documents and regulations are in trouble and international agreements output is positive and strong. It is necessary to describe the purpose of the pathology of non-fulfillment of international commitments on climate change, examines the legal framework of the effective tools in this regard, be addressed. Therefore, its Necessitated, Be investigated to Investigating violation of international obligations on climate change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
550 - A study on Ilam Housewives’ Environmental Approach
Maryam Azizi Hossein Mahdizadeh Seyed Mohammad ShobeiriThis study has been conducted in a descriptive method with the aim of identification, analysis and comparison of environmental attitudes of different groups of Ilam housewives. The statistical population (sample) includes all Ilam housewife residents aged from 20-45. I MoreThis study has been conducted in a descriptive method with the aim of identification, analysis and comparison of environmental attitudes of different groups of Ilam housewives. The statistical population (sample) includes all Ilam housewife residents aged from 20-45. Instrument of the study has been a questionnaire, developed by the researcher, and its validity has been certified by some knowledgeable experts of the field. Using Cronbach Alpha and Kuder-Richardson coefficients, its reliability turned out as acceptable. It is necessary to mention that environmental attitude in this study consists of three components: interest in the environment, responsibility toward environment, and state of environmental behavior. Generally and according to the results of data analysis in this study, it can be said that Ilam house wives have high interest in the environment and their environmental behavior is relatively good and their responsibility toward environment is low. Generally and according to the results of data analysis in this study, it can be said that Ilam house wives have high interest in the environment and their environmental behavior is relatively good and their responsibility toward environment is low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
551 - A review on the identification and assessment of the aggressive plant species environmental hazard in water ecosystems (case study: Water hyacinth)
Maryam Panahande Maryam Morovati Mokarrm Ravanbakhsh Safoura Javan The invasion of non-native species is the biggest threat to biodiversity in the world, which plays a major role in global change. In the present study have been reported some adverse effects of non-native specie on the the sensitive and fragile ecosystem and the More The invasion of non-native species is the biggest threat to biodiversity in the world, which plays a major role in global change. In the present study have been reported some adverse effects of non-native specie on the the sensitive and fragile ecosystem and the current methods have been mentioned the assessing risks of these effects on the environment. For this purpose, a wealth of valuable content has been gathered through a number of online and library searches. Firstly, an overview of the environmental risk assessment approach for the invasive species has been presented to an aquatic ecosystem. Then, the most important undesirable effects can accommodate the common invasive species of Water hyacinth in aquatic ecosystem, as well as the process of assessing the environmental risk to this particular species in a simple and scientific language. Studies have shown that a series of social, economic and health factors, along with ecological parameters, can be effective in identifying species and environmental impacts on sensitive, native and sensitive habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
552 - Overview of the management problems in the villages of Iran, by adopting environmental approach
latif Mohammadzadeh Bahman Khosropour Nowadays, the management of the natural environment, especially in the rural areas of crucial importance. On the other hand, according to the global movement in the direction of the appropriate interaction with the environment and preserve it for future generati More Nowadays, the management of the natural environment, especially in the rural areas of crucial importance. On the other hand, according to the global movement in the direction of the appropriate interaction with the environment and preserve it for future generations, as well as a new method in the management of natural resources, its positive effects can be observed. It increases the need for research in the rural environment. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is the study of environmental problems in the villages of the country and finding the solution to fix these problems. The present study was conducted using library match and using several sources, including various internal and external site for analyzing the content. The results obtained show problems such as increasing population and its focus on specific segments of the environment, which is a direct works on the quality of the environment in rural areas. In this case that population growth, poverty and the erosion of the environment in the growing countries has created a bad round that focuses on the lives of people and severely affect the development efforts of developing countries to achieve sustainable development, out of question. Therefore, could the culture, training and participation of people in different programs using a comprehensive management system, and finally the use of indigenous knowledge to your people in the region, the results are worthwhile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
553 - Introducing Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) Guidelines-Developed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Lida Davar Afshin Danehkar Borhan RiaziCoastal areas are very vulnerable for pollution. Despite the fact that such areas are benefiting from verity of biological resources of marine and inland systems, they are exposed to destructive threats from both systems. Nowadays, one of the main sources of threat is t MoreCoastal areas are very vulnerable for pollution. Despite the fact that such areas are benefiting from verity of biological resources of marine and inland systems, they are exposed to destructive threats from both systems. Nowadays, one of the main sources of threat is the large probability of occurrence maritime accidents that caused oil spill. Therefore, identification of sensitive coastal areas and its protection against pollutants such as petroleum products has become a priority for coastal countries. The purpose of this research is to introduce a guideline for mapping of Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI), as a tool for identification of coastal areas, sensitive to oil spill, developed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of United States of America. The goal of such identification is timely response to oil spill and cleanup process for protection of the various coastal ecosystems. In past few decades, Environmental sensitivity analysis and mapping projects have been carried out in many Countries, along thousands of kilometers of shoreline around the world, primarily as a part of national efforts to establish a knowledge-based response system to spilled oil that may affect the coastline. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
554 - Environmental ethics and philosophy and its role in the present world
Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam Azam GhasemiNowadays, the management of environmentalissues such as hazardous waste is not simply atechnical problem, but is confounded by legal,social, political and even ethical considerations.Environmental ethics deals with the moral issuesinvolved in relationships between human MoreNowadays, the management of environmentalissues such as hazardous waste is not simply atechnical problem, but is confounded by legal,social, political and even ethical considerations.Environmental ethics deals with the moral issuesinvolved in relationships between humans and theworld around us. Due ro the importance of theseissues in our present world, the understanding ofmain principles of environmental ethics and philosophyhas become essential for all specialistswho are working in different fields. The environmentalissues cannot be solved without the helpof all people, specially managers and engineers.The main aim of this paper is to compare differentethical perspectives regarding our environment.In the paper, different ethical perspectives includinghumaisn, biocentrism (life-centered), ecocentrism(eco-centeric), and utilitiarinism are brieflyexplained. In addition, the religious view pointsregarding the environment are briefly discussed.Humanism claims that human society is uniquebecause of out intelligent, foresight and creativityand on the other hand, eco-centrism claims that allecological processes and systems have intrinsicvalues and rights regardless of their usefulness.Furthermore, the importance and role of the codesof Ethics for engineers, which are adopted by severalprofessional associations, are described in thepaper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
555 - Investigating students’ Environmental Knowledge, Attitude and Responsible Behavior (Case study: Students of Payame Noor University)
Sohrab MoradiThe present study was carried out with purpose of assessing the environmental knowledge, attitudes and responsible behavior of Kermanshah´s Payame Noor University (PNU) students. This research is the result from a field, cross sectional & descriptive study. Th MoreThe present study was carried out with purpose of assessing the environmental knowledge, attitudes and responsible behavior of Kermanshah´s Payame Noor University (PNU) students. This research is the result from a field, cross sectional & descriptive study. The instruments of information gathering included a questionnaire consisting of 30 questions in three categories of environmental knowledge, attitudes and responsible behaviors. The statistical community included 15200 students from PNUs of Kermanshah Province, among which 375 questionnaires were distributed randomly using Morgan Table. Finally 340 questionnaires were completed and collected. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were approved by the members of scientific board of Kermanshah PNU and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient respectively. Data were analyzed using Excel Software. The results indicate that the environmental information of the responders has been weak regarding the knowledge about environmental communities together with the area of their activities, the extinct animal species of Iran as well as sustainable development and its relationship with environment and national parks of Iran. On the other hand, the responders’ information has been satisfying about acid rains, Ozone layer, air pollutant gases, soil erosion and also roles and values of trees and forests. The investigated result of the students’ environmental attitudes showed that their attitudes, in the sense of affecting power on the behavior, have been over the mediocre level and their positive attitudes are being oriented towards environment-based thinking. Also, the skills and responsible behaviors of the students were assessed positive in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
556 - Using of Life Cycle Assessment to survey environmental impacts of products
Elma Mohammadi Seyed hamed Mirkarimi Marjan MohammadzadehSocieties are going toward informed and proper usage of resources in respond to the widespread environmental problems. Value of terms like environmental friendly products and green technologies are increased among managers and users day by day. In this regard, Life Cycl MoreSocieties are going toward informed and proper usage of resources in respond to the widespread environmental problems. Value of terms like environmental friendly products and green technologies are increased among managers and users day by day. In this regard, Life Cycle Assessment method with the goal of surveying environmental impacts of products, considers all of the processes and materials used for building, using and after using phases of a product. The application of this method is increasing in the global scientific and industrial community, but in our country there has not been sufficient attention to this subject, thus this paper was written in order to introduce this method. In different parts of this research, first the development and completion of this method, some of its usages in different economic sectors, and the way of accomplishing its 4 stages were explained. Then some available software to accomplish this method was compared with each other. Finally, future prospect of Life Cycle Assessment was described, and it seems that this method is going toward considering component of sustainable development (People, Planet, and Prosperity). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
557 - The Environmental Attitude and Using Chemical Toxins among Rice Growers (Case study: Esfivard-shoorab Rural District, Sari County)
Mohammadreza Mahboobi Hossein AhmadigorjiAccording to the mission of agricultural extension in reduction of pesticide use on farms, agricultural producers' attitude on the use of pesticides on farms is important. This study aimed to identify the environmental attitude of farmers towards the use of chemical tox MoreAccording to the mission of agricultural extension in reduction of pesticide use on farms, agricultural producers' attitude on the use of pesticides on farms is important. This study aimed to identify the environmental attitude of farmers towards the use of chemical toxins on the farm, based on descriptive and survey research method. The target population in the study consisted 200 rice growers lived in villages of Esfivard-shoorab rural district in central district of Sari County in Mazandaran Province that 130 of them were selected as research samples. Data gathered through a questionnaire and its face validity was confirmed by expert’s panel and the reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.71. Data were analyzed using SPSSwin19 software. The research findings showed that farmers have a moderate to high positive environmental attitude for reducing the use of Chemical toxins on their farm. The correlation test showed that by increasing in agricultural experiment, age, perceive biological control importance, participation in extension classes, farmers have more positive attitude for reducing the use of Chemical toxins on their farm. Also, the compare mean results showed that there is a significant difference between environmental attitudes of chemical toxins usage in terms of the cost of buying chemical toxins used in one crop season. This study recommended continuing educational courses formation with the aim of creating of positive environmental attitudes of reducing chemical toxins in farmers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
558 - Assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of students in Kurdistan University regarding environmental issue
Golafrouz Ramezani Hadi TahsiniHigher education institutions, institutions that are expected to provide appropriate education, sufficient awareness to change the attitudes and behavior of students to protect the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice MoreHigher education institutions, institutions that are expected to provide appropriate education, sufficient awareness to change the attitudes and behavior of students to protect the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding environmental issues in the Kurdistan university students. The research method was a descriptive survey. The student society in this study were all students of Kurdistan University that were selected as research sample from five schools with using of random sampling (195 females and 164 males), and Tools were a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to show a high reputation. As well as data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t, t-test, and ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test) was performed. The results inferential statistics showed that the knowledge of students of Kurdistan is relatively high compared to the environmental issues. In the Kurdistan, university students had a positive attitude and pro-environment. University students' performance in the dimension of Kurdistan acceptable and satisfactory performance on environmental issues, respectively. Also among the knowledge, attitude, and practice of students, males were significantly more environmental. In fact, in this study, the awareness of environmental issues more male students than female students the knowledge, attitude, and practice, as well as male students than female students, had more environmentally responsible. The results also showed that between knowledge, attitude and behavior of college students were significantly more environmental In the meantime the knowledge, attitude and practice of students Department of Natural Resources were higher than other college students and the College of Literature lower level of awareness. The study descriptive statistics results also showed that; in this study, it was found that problems related to environmental issues are the student's last priority, which shows Students less attention to ecological problems and consider economic problems, addressed them. The Internet has the most important role in the field of information for students in relation to environmental issues. According to the University of Kurdistan, awareness through the mass media and the inclusion of environmental issues in textbooks Student and curriculum than other students can be effective in raising awareness of them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
559 - Analysis of the Zanjan citizens' awareness of environmental challenges and strategies for institutionalization of environmental correct behaviors
Parisa Najafloo Jafar YaghoubiThe purpose of this study was analyzing citizen's awareness of environmental challenges and strategies for institutionalization of environmental correct behaviors in Zanjan city.The population of this descriptive – correlation studyconsists of experts who work in MoreThe purpose of this study was analyzing citizen's awareness of environmental challenges and strategies for institutionalization of environmental correct behaviors in Zanjan city.The population of this descriptive – correlation studyconsists of experts who work in the Departments of Environment and Natural Resources in Zanjan (N= 130). The volume of sample size was estimated using Cochran's formula (n=60). Samples were selected using stratified random sampling method. The questionnaire used for collecting data. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by the comments of academic members. The reliability was determined by pilot test and calculating Cronbach alpha coefficient (0.78-0.81). Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software. The descriptive results of the study showed that the most citizens' awareness of environmental challenges are: Air pollution, pollution from the use of old cars and containers cannot be recycled. Lowest citizens' awareness of environmental challenges are: The importance of protecting the ozone layer, the reduction of groundwater and soil erosion and its influence. Also the overall awareness of citizens in the near-low and 51.7 percent of respondents stated that citizens' awareness of the environmental challenges is too weak. Using exploratory factor analysis strategies for institutionalization of environmental true behaviors were summarized into seven factors including: education in all of parts of society, organizational development and improvement of policy, empowering employees the relevant organizations, motivation, new strategies, culture and contributions related institutions. These factors explained 74.14% of strategies for institutionalization of environmental correct behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
560 - An overview of some international legal approaches for environmental protection
Farhad Dabiri Sahar Zarei negin mousavi madaniInternational environmental law always has tried to solve environmental problems by codification of binding and non-binding rules and regulations and provide solutions in this area. One of the important responses of international environmental law has been promoting sus MoreInternational environmental law always has tried to solve environmental problems by codification of binding and non-binding rules and regulations and provide solutions in this area. One of the important responses of international environmental law has been promoting sustainable development. As regards of improving the quality of environment and economical development are naturally consistent and coordinated goals. Sustainable development has decreased some paradoxical tensions related to economic growth limitations in 1970s. Sustainable development in the process of progress and through the interaction between three dimensions of economic, social and environmental development, has made its way from the international development law to the international sustainable development law. Declarations of Stockholm (1972), Rio (1992) and Johannesburg (2002), have emphasized on environmental protection and have mentioned that achieving sustainable development is the basic key to solving environmental issues. Rio + 20 summit also has the ability to cope with a collection of policies, methods and plans which support the transition to a green economy. This article reviews the international legal approaches in order to be a backbone for environmental protection. It also reviews the proper approach to deal with such issue. By comparing the above summits, we could undoubtedly say that the Rio Summit (1992) compared with others especially Rio +20, in terms of the effectiveness of international legal approaches in environmental protection and acceptance of international commitments, has more specific and involved better outcomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
561 - The Evaluation of Eenvironmental Education and Environmental Protection Practices of Female High School Students in Ilam
Pakzad Azadkhani Masoumeh Saadatnejhad Jafar SharafkhaniEducation about environment as a lifelong process that an important partofit has been done in the school environment and has an undeniable role in improving environmental issues. Hence, review of environmental education and its impact on environmental protection is impo MoreEducation about environment as a lifelong process that an important partofit has been done in the school environment and has an undeniable role in improving environmental issues. Hence, review of environmental education and its impact on environmental protection is important. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the role of education about environment on conservative behaviors of environment among the girl students in Ilam City. The method is analytical-descriptive. 360 of students were chosen as the sample and they were given the standard questionnaires by Stratified Sampling Method. The population includes all the girl high school students of Ilam City which 360 of them were chosen as the sample. The data was gathered from the libraries and by field study. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by teachers and experts and its reliability was 0.855 by Cronbach's alpha which shows high reliability. To analyze the data, one-sample T-test, correlation and regression (Anova) were done in SPSS software. The findings reveal that the awareness of students about general and special affaires of environment is low. The positive modern attitude toward the environment and environmental education was rejected in regression equation and only the environmental literacy had a positive effect on environmental behavior. On the whole, according to the counted coefficient of determination, these three variables play a role just 25 percent in having an environmental behavior and the rest refers to the factors not covered in this research Due to limitations issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
562 - Environment in the Emile Durkheim’s Sociological Perspective
Saeed Keshavarzi Maryam KarimiIn recent years, the environment and arising challenges have attracted the attention ofvarious sciences.Number of sociology/psychological research in this field demonstrates this scholar’s attention to the environment. However, environmental sociology as a branch MoreIn recent years, the environment and arising challenges have attracted the attention ofvarious sciences.Number of sociology/psychological research in this field demonstrates this scholar’s attention to the environment. However, environmental sociology as a branch of sociology discipline was established too late. Some sought the reason in the leading Social Scientists pioneer’s thoughts and accordingly condemned them. One of these social scientists known responsible for the lack of attention to environment is Durkheim, the French leading sociologist. In this study, we tried to examine the concept of environment in the Durkheim thoughts and answer to the question that how his thoughts resulted in the late entering of environment to the sociology. The results of this study suggest that the notion of social realities and anti-reductionist view of Durkheim mind are influential important factors ignoring the effects of environmental variables on society. In addition, according to the result of this study, even though, the impact of Durkheim's view on mainstream of sociology has been relatively wide, but the inclusiveness of these thoughts was to doubt and Durkheim boundaries with environmental variables, after him have been gone in many cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
563 - Environmental Diplomacy and Climate Change; Constructive strategic approach to reducer
Sobhan Tayebi Mahnaz ZarabiOur Common Future”, “The future we want”, “Green Future” and Future ahead, the result of the numerous international conferences on important environmental issues in the international arena and was derived from the perspective of Earth's inh MoreOur Common Future”, “The future we want”, “Green Future” and Future ahead, the result of the numerous international conferences on important environmental issues in the international arena and was derived from the perspective of Earth's inhabitants and rulers of the world. The process developed in the context of international interactions and has its origin for human rights. The precise form taken on this matter within the framework of diplomacy and it has responded to many concerns. But, it's taken in the meantime, however, significant actions, but there is still present environmental risks as problems facing the international community and The environmental problems may be the result of a social crisis that is considered a threat to peace and security. So, Climate change, including new or emerging risks which will consist of many challenges, including global warming, greenhouse gases instability, destruction of the ozone layer, melting ice, rising sea levels, ocean phenomena, acid rain. This Research based on the principles and methods, and library studies. This Research is Established Inquiry Environmental Diplomacy as Effective Strategy in Climate Change Control. Although international mechanisms of climate change on the agenda is a significant range of activities, the most important way to be successful is the process special attention to cooperation in regional, international and global diplomacy that takes place in the context of the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
564 - An Analysis on Quranic Bsics of Criminalization of Environmental Crimes
Abouzar Salari Far Seyyed Mahmoud Mir Khalili Seyyed Doraid Mousavi MojabEnvironmental crime is a combination of harmful behaviors which damage the environment directly or indirectly. In religious sources as well as Holy Quran harmful behaviors to the environment has been condemned. Mighty Allah ignores any behavior which damages the environ MoreEnvironmental crime is a combination of harmful behaviors which damage the environment directly or indirectly. In religious sources as well as Holy Quran harmful behaviors to the environment has been condemned. Mighty Allah ignores any behavior which damages the environment. Since any behavior which results in damage or destruction is known as corruption, thus it would be punished and penalized. On the other hand the environment and natural sources are known as Allah’s beauty samples and symbols. Although Holy Quran does not express the type of punishment for the environment’s destructors in any Verses, according to the ignorance of the mentioned behavior it deserves punishment and penalize. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
565 - Identification of Biosurfactant-producing bacteria in petroleum contaminated soils in the city of Borujerd
Mohsen Mirzaei reza yari Morteza CheloeiBackground and Aim: Biosurfactant is a material valuable in industries such as oil, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, health food, medicine and agriculture industries. The aim of this study was to identify native biosurfactant-producing bacteria in oil contaminated soils. Mate MoreBackground and Aim: Biosurfactant is a material valuable in industries such as oil, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, health food, medicine and agriculture industries. The aim of this study was to identify native biosurfactant-producing bacteria in oil contaminated soils. Materials and Methods: Sampling of petroleum contaminated soils around the city of Borujerd was done. After dilution and the cultivation, a variety of bacteria isolated. By using multiple tests of specifying biosurfactant-producing bacteria such as hemolysis test in blood agar, emulsification index measurement, destruction of drops, expansion of crude oil, the amount of petroleum hydrocarbons have been parsed biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from other bacteria. The strongest biosurfactant-producing bacterial species were selected according to the screening tests and then was inoculated in Bushnell-Haas Broth medium with gasoline in a shaking incubator. After biosurfactant production and purification of the colony, to identify the genus and species of bacteria, a series of biochemical tests along with PCR of district 16 srRNA and sequencing were performed. Results: With multiple experiments it was found the bacteria produce a significant amount of biosurfactant. After DNA sequencing, in the software review was found that more than 97% genetic similarities is between the bacteria and Bacillus subtilis. Conclusions: Due to the abundance of the bacteria in soil and its ability to produce biosurfactant and extent of oil pollution in Iran, the bacteria can be easily used to eliminate environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - Screening and Optimization of Microextraction of Pb(II) by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Using Response Surface Methodology
Maryam Salahinejad Fereidoon Aflaki -
Open Access Article
567 - New Nano-Adsorbents for the Removal of Chromium (III) and Mercury (II) from Aqueous Solutions
Mohammad Alikarami Zahra Abbasi -
Open Access Article
568 - Ultrasound Assisted Emulsification Microextraction as a Simple Preconcentration Method for Determination of Atrazine in Environmental Samples
Sana Berijani Mohsen Zeeb Elham Pournamdari -
Open Access Article
569 - Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction of Triazine Herbicides from Environmental Aquatic Media using Polyaniline/ Fe3O4 Nanocomposite
Faezeh Khalilian Amir Adl Yekta -
Open Access Article
570 - Chemical Modification of Nanosilica Toward Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction of Trace Triazine Herbicides from Environmental Water Samples
Faezeh Khalilian Hadi Soori -
Open Access Article
571 - Ionic Liquid-based Ultrasound-assisted In-situ Solvent Formation Microextraction and High-performance Liquid Chromatography for the Trace Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Water Samples
Mohsen Zeeb Hadi Farahani -
Open Access Article
572 - Coupling of Amines, Dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylaes and Formaldehyde Promoted by Copper (II) Chloride: An Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted Dihydro-2-oxopyrrols
Mojtaba Lashkari Reza Heydari Farzaneh Mohamadpour -
Open Access Article
573 - Environmental Optimization of Building Insulation Thickness in Warm-Dry Regions
E. Anbarzadeh S. M. Ghafoori Yazdi -
Open Access Article
574 - Investigation of Aluminum and Composite Aircraft Wings Under the Influence of Aerodynamic Forces and their Effects on Environmental Impacts
S Ebadi K Shahbazi E Anbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
575 - Metallic Foams, New Generation of the Environmental Friendly Materials
V. Abouei Mehrizi B. Karbakhsh Ravari -
Open Access Article
576 - Environmental Friendly Soil Stabilization Materials Available in Iran
Z. Sabzi -
Open Access Article
577 - Environmental Optimization of Building Insulation Thickness for Cold Climates using Neural Network Method
E Anbarzadeh T Shahmohammadi -
Open Access Article
578 - The Potential of Bamboo as an Environmental Friendly Material in Contemporary Buildings Construction
S. Hamzehloo E. Esfandyari Fard -
Open Access Article
579 - Sociological Analysis of media role by changing environmental behavior (case study: students of Payam Noor university of Ardebil)
Mohsen Aalaiy Bosajin Hossain Bashiry Guivi Hanieh Fakoury -
Open Access Article
580 - The role of environmental capabilities in rural tourism in northern Tehran
Simin Armaghan -
Open Access Article
581 - Analysis of the role rural tourism in stable development (Case study of central parts of Soulghan villages)
Simin Armaghan -
Open Access Article
582 - Shahrood sport tourism planning using SWOT technique with emphasis on natural attractions
Seyed Mostafa Tayebi Sani Hooman Bahmanpour Seyed Hamed Mirkazemi Afsaneh Rohany -
Open Access Article
583 - Examining the effective environmental factors on urban landscape building (the case study: Investigation of Environmental Factors Affecting Urban Landscape Structures (Case Study of Arvand River (slang: saghir) Minoo in Abadan, Iran)
Nooriye Mohebi zadeh Ali Mardani -
Open Access Article
584 - Safety and environmental risk assessment of the mountain sport and resorts of Tehran with an emphasis on the sustainable tourism carrying capacity and the provision of management approaches
Baranoosh Nikbin Bahram Ghadimi -
Open Access Article
585 - Study the effect of some different Environmental factors on dispersal of dominant broadleaf weeds in irrigated wheat fields.
Omid Lotfifar سمانه متقی hamid Mostafavi Seyed Mehdi MirtaheriThis research was conducted to study the 7 common broadleaves dispersal of irrigated wheat fields in response to some environmental factors. Research data were obtained from sampling of weed communities and using weed dispersal maps (produced by GIS). The effects of env MoreThis research was conducted to study the 7 common broadleaves dispersal of irrigated wheat fields in response to some environmental factors. Research data were obtained from sampling of weed communities and using weed dispersal maps (produced by GIS). The effects of environmental factors (climates, soil order and annual mean of soil temperature, rainfall and evaporation) on dispersal of dominant weed were studied. Result showed the effect of studied factors on each weed dispersal was different. The highest dispersal of Descurainia sophia was observed in semiarid climate, 250-500mm rainfall, 0-6°C soil temperature, 3500-4000 mm evaporation, eridisols soil and 1600-1800 m elevation. The highest Galium tricornatum dispersal was observed in wet climate, 1000-1250 mm rainfall, 6-12°C soil temperature, 1500-2000 mm evaporation, inceptisol soil and 1800-2000 m elevation. Cardaria draba in wet climate, 50-250 mm rainfall, 0-6°C soil temperature, 1500-2000 mm evaporation, aridisol soil and 2600-2800 m elevation had highest dispersal. The highest dispersal of Polygonum aviculare was observed in sever-arid soil, 50-250 rainfall, 12-18°C soil temperature, 2000-2500mm evaporation, aridisol soil and 2400-2600m elevation. Alhagi psudalhagi in arid soil, 50-250mm rainfall, 18-24°C soil temperature, 2000-2500mm evaporation, aridisol soil and 1000-1200m elevation had the highest dispersal. The highest dispersal of Carthamus oxycantha was observed in 50-250mm rainfall, 6-30°C soil temperature, 2500-3000mm rainfall, entisol soil and 200-400m elevation. Also the highest Convovulus arvensis dispersal was observed in moderate semiarid climate, 250-500mm rainfall, 6-12°C soil temperature, 1000-4000mm evaporation, inseptisol soil and 2600-2800m elevation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
586 - Evaluation of the effects of different environmental factors on the quality and quantity of the essential oil of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl.
Samaneh Torbati Gholamreza Dehghan Azizeh Hassanpour -
Open Access Article
587 - Effect of Cognitive Map in Mental Models Recreating of the Environment
فاطمه ایمانی دیهیم تاکی مرضیه طبائیانThe purpose of this study was to know how people utilize information about their environment to find their way. This research method was qualitative, and its statistical population was all persons residing in Sange syah in Shiraz and all student of Shiraz University w MoreThe purpose of this study was to know how people utilize information about their environment to find their way. This research method was qualitative, and its statistical population was all persons residing in Sange syah in Shiraz and all student of Shiraz University who were not familiar with this area. (In both groups, meanage were 20). The research sample included 40 person who were selected voluntarily. The test environmental was historical context of Sange Syah in Shiraz. The research tool was the technique of drawing sketch maps from the test environment. The data were collected and analyzed from the survey maps of individuals in three viewpoints. The major finding was that peoples spatial knowledge is “map- like” and cognitive maps of the environment that people have in mind help the navigational process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
588 - Shedding Light on Ecological Critical Language Awareness Construct: A Questionnaire Development and Validation Study in the Iranian EFL Context
Ghazaleh Cheraghpour Samvati Parviz Maftoon Mojgan Rashtchi -
Open Access Article
589 - Mobile learning in environmental impact assessment training using theory of reasoned action
Seyedeh Zahra Shamsi Seyed Mohammad shobeiriIncreasing concern in various environmental issues and the need to respond to global societies transformed the use of information and communication technology into academic and academic systems into an active curriculum and curriculum. But prior to its application, the MoreIncreasing concern in various environmental issues and the need to respond to global societies transformed the use of information and communication technology into academic and academic systems into an active curriculum and curriculum. But prior to its application, the factors that affect the acceptance and use of this phenomenon should be identified. This research studies the provision of environmental education through mobile technology with research methodology, descriptive type of research based on prediction. The statistical population includes 2422905 students in Tehran during the academic year 1394, selected by stratified cluster sampling with proportional assignment. Out of the schools of this region, the 9th grade students were randomly selected to sample 350 people. To collect data, this study was conducted on the adoption of mobile learning from the questionnaire developed by Cheon et al. Validity of the questionnaire was approved by experts and experts. For reliability evaluation, Cronbach's alpha was used, which was more than 0.7 for research variables, indicating the internal reliability of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and LISREL version 8.8. The findings of path analysis in the research of subjective norm, attitude and behavioral intention showed a significant role in students' desire to use mobile education technology in learning environmental education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
590 - A Study of Attitudes Toward Science and Technology, School Science and Environmental Issues from 3rd Grade Middle School Students of Isfahan Cityâ Points of View
اصغر سلطانی عزیزالله اربابی سرجو عظم دهقانی خوزانی مریم رضاییThis study has examined attitudes toward science and technology, environmental sciences and the school science among middle school students. The descriptive- survey method was used as research method. Accordingly, the population includes all 3rd grade middle school st MoreThis study has examined attitudes toward science and technology, environmental sciences and the school science among middle school students. The descriptive- survey method was used as research method. Accordingly, the population includes all 3rd grade middle school students of Isfahan city. A sample size of 250 people (120 female and 130 male) were selected by stratified random sampling method. Research instrument was the Persian translation of the relevance of science education (ROSE) questionnaire. After implementation of questionnaire, data analyzed by the seventeen version SPSS software. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for this scale, estimated to be .94. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and one-sample t-test and independent t-test were used. Results indicated that in general, there is a positive attitude among students towards science and technology, school science and environmental issues. However, there is not a positive attitude towards some of items of these components. Findings showed that male students have a more positive attitude toward science than female students. The results of this research could provide suitable information for science curriculum planners. According the results of this study, a positive attitude toward science and technology provides a proper ground for better education in schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
591 - The Study of the Validation of the model of Interdisciplinary Curriculum of Environmental Literacy Teaching: regarding the Secondary Education System in Iran
Mahboubeh Soleimanpour Omran Mohammad H. Yarmohammadian Narges KeshtiarayThe aim of this research is to study about the validation of the model of interdisciplinary curriculum of environmental literacy teaching of secondary education system in Iran. The research type is of descriptive-survey one. The proposed environmental literacy education MoreThe aim of this research is to study about the validation of the model of interdisciplinary curriculum of environmental literacy teaching of secondary education system in Iran. The research type is of descriptive-survey one. The proposed environmental literacy education framework is developed in the form of the four curriculum elements (objectives, content, teaching/learning methods and assessment) and the three components of environmental knowledge, skills, and environmental attitude. It is, then, offered to the environmental experts and curriculum developers. The results of binomial distribution test and one-group t-test, at the level of (P≤0.05) ,indicates the significance of items from the viewpoint of the experts of the field. The confirmed environmental literacy curriculum framework is, then, assessed, in the form of a questionnaire; by 108 male and female teachers of biology, chemistry and geography in Amol city .the obtained results have been validated using confirmatory factor analysis. The results of validation suggest suitable fitness of the proposed model based on Chi-square test (P=0.000001) and X2=1062.38) and error indicators of the mean square error indicators (RMSEA=0.065) and residual variance (RMP=0.054). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
592 - A Study of the Abilities and Capabilities of Graduate Stodents to Meet the Demands of Work Market and Produce a Suitable Framework For Perception
Mostafa Ejtehadi Mohammad BehrrooziThe focus of this research was to present a model for the design, performance as well as evaluation of the instructional entrepreneurship schemes at the universities. To this end, according to the background of the research, the theoretical tenets of the primary compone MoreThe focus of this research was to present a model for the design, performance as well as evaluation of the instructional entrepreneurship schemes at the universities. To this end, according to the background of the research, the theoretical tenets of the primary components were fist taken into account. These components were arrayed into set structure (the primary model) based on which the researcher could furnish response to the research questions and collect the required data. To do so, a questionnaire of five parts ok devised and after figuring out the face validity and making sure of its validity (0.795), the data 9 (i.e. 269 subjects who were 102 managers and 167 academic members of the universities) were analyzed by drawing upon the desciptive statistics and inferential statistics such as t-test for single samples, Factor Analysis and Agreenment coefficient(P). The results obtained indicated that in order to design. Perform and evaluate the entrepreneurship schemes, one ought to allow for four main sets of components such as purpose, aim, theoretical foundations, the components of the entrepreneurship scheme and the environmental factors finally, based upon the reearch findings, a model was proposed to design executes, and perform the instructional entrepreneurship schemes, which is borne out by investigating the specialists views. Therfore, with respect to the dire need felt, it is recommended that the universities carrying out the instructional entrepreneurship sehemes utilize. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
593 - The Status of Environmental Ethics in the Contents of Primary School Textbooks of Iran
طاهره بیات پروین احمدی عبدالله پارساThe present study is to examine the status of environmental ethics in the contents of primary school textbooks, Persian (read and write), science, social teachings and gifts of heaven. The study is descriptive with using content analysis technique in order to gathering MoreThe present study is to examine the status of environmental ethics in the contents of primary school textbooks, Persian (read and write), science, social teachings and gifts of heaven. The study is descriptive with using content analysis technique in order to gathering information. Concepts related to environmental ethics, according to three domains of cognitive, affective and skill have been studied in the form of text, homework, question and image. Research population was the primary school textbooks including Persian (read and write), science, social teachings and gifts of heaven in 1390-91. Total of concepts related to environmental ethics were in 22 volumes and in 535 units that 36.45 percent was in the form of text, 15.14 percent was in the form of homework, 25.61 percent was in the form of questions and 22.8 percent was in the form of image. Also from the related concepts of environmental ethics, 78 percent was dedicated to the cognitive domain, 13 percent was dedicated to the affective domain, and 9.7 percent was dedicated to the skill domain. Findings show that in there has been more attention to the cognitive purposes (knowledge domain) in primary school textbooks and the skill level had the lowest. Most attention to the environmental ethics has been in primary school science books and the lowest has been in gifts of heaven. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
594 - A comparative study of environmental curriculum theories and approaches
Mahboubeh Soleimanpour omran Mohammad H. Yarmohammadian Narges KeshtiarayThrough the development of the environmental crisis, environmental education has become an integral part of the educational systems. Because the basis of the environmental problems is naturally interdisciplinary, multi-sectorial, and holistic, so theoretically it can be MoreThrough the development of the environmental crisis, environmental education has become an integral part of the educational systems. Because the basis of the environmental problems is naturally interdisciplinary, multi-sectorial, and holistic, so theoretically it can be seen with different approaches and the related education to this can be considered from different views and approaches. Therefore, the purpose of the current study has been to identify and consider the environmental views and approaches and awareness of education thoughts, environmental curriculum and comparing them together and achieving a general classification in this field. This study has done by using descriptive and analytical method and a lot of references has been reviewed. The results show that type of attitude to the environmental problems causes different education and in a general classification, the environmental approaches are classifying into two groups: human-oriented and environment-oriented. And the curriculum approaches are classifying into two groups: technical & hardware and non-technical & software. In this classification, environmental education approaches can be considered in the group of non- technical, flexible, and human-oriented approaches of the curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
595 - The content analysis of elementary science curriculum from the point of view of environmental components
zahra mashallahinejad hossein jafarisani behrooz mahram mahmood saeedy rezvani shiva jalayeri laeenThis study aimed to investigate the position of environmental education in elementary school science curriculum. To implement this research and with regard to the nature of topic and its objectives was used content analysis method. In this regard was coded the content o MoreThis study aimed to investigate the position of environmental education in elementary school science curriculum. To implement this research and with regard to the nature of topic and its objectives was used content analysis method. In this regard was coded the content of elementary school science textbooks with inductive method and based components of environmental education on the based Wisconsin model. The units record, were sentence, and image. In the coding process components of environmental education standards were based including: 1)questioning and analysis, 2)knowledge of environmental processes and systems, 3)environmental issue investigation skills, 4)decision and action skills and 5) personal and civic responsibility. Territory this study was all content elementary school science textbooks that was approved ministry of education and by office of planning and writing textbooks published and in the academic year 1389-1390 has been validated. To ensure of coding validity was used of the second assessor that was observed credit amount equal to 0/95. Findings showed that attention to environmental education, most has been focused on questioning and analysis and then respectively relevant to knowledge of environmental processes and systems, environmental issue investigation skills and personal and civic responsibility. This while that in studied textbooks has not been attention to education of decision and action skills. Also attention amount of textbooks to standards education respectively has been in science textbooks of fifth, fourth, third, first and second grade. Failure to use appropriate of sentences and images in proportion whit children grade that through comparing available situation of record units with professional priorities obtained is other findings this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
596 - Identify the suitable locations for the establishment of desalination plants due to environmental sensitive areas in the coastal area of Hormozgan province
Morteza Sepehr Afshin Danehkar Seyed Mohammad Reza Fatemi ali Mashinchian MoradiMany countries in the world are facing the crisis caused by scarcity of water resources. One of the strategies for coping with this crisis, which is considered a suitable way of restoring fresh water resources, is construction of water desalination plants. However, desp MoreMany countries in the world are facing the crisis caused by scarcity of water resources. One of the strategies for coping with this crisis, which is considered a suitable way of restoring fresh water resources, is construction of water desalination plants. However, despite the numerous advantages of desalination plants, their effluents have undesirable effects on the environment. The present research intended to locate suitable sites for constructing water desalination plants by taking into account the environmental sensitive zones. After developing the layers in a geographical information system, a distance map of each layer was developed. Criteria were weighted during the Delphi process. The geographical layers of each criterion were evaluated and classified in five categories. The layers of the criteria were normalized based on the coefficients of importance, integrated during their linear application, and reclassified in five categories. Nineteen suitable sites were identified for construction of water desalination plants by integrating the layers and through preparing the final layer. By reclassifying and reevaluating the final map, 2 high important locations, 7 important locations, 5 Middle important locations, 4 less important locations, 1 unimportant location. 2 high important locations were located in the coastal areas of the Bandar Abbas City. 16 were located in the coastal areas of the Persian Gulf, and three were in the coastal areas of the Sea of Oman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
597 - Assessment of Desertification using the MEDALUS model (Case study: the lands of west Ahvaz)
Abdol-Reza Kazeminia Kazem Rangzan Mehdi Mahmoud AbadiAccording to the concept of desertification, which is land degradation in dry areas, the semi-arid, and dry sub-humid due to many factors such as climate change and human activities, this phenomenon has long been known as a serious problem in terms of economic, social, MoreAccording to the concept of desertification, which is land degradation in dry areas, the semi-arid, and dry sub-humid due to many factors such as climate change and human activities, this phenomenon has long been known as a serious problem in terms of economic, social, and environmental in many countries. In this study, by using a MEDALUS model the severity of land desertification in the western regions of Ahvaz was evaluated. Climate, vegetation, soil, and land use data are used as effective criteria in determining the severity of desertification. According to the MEDALUS model, each criterion entered the GIS environment as an information layer and after the data is processed, these criteria are weighted. By combining these criteria in raster formats, using geometric averaging, the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Index (ESAI) of the area is obtained. The results show that based on the MEDALUS model the area of the study contains four divisions; (C1) low, (C2) moderate, (C3) high, and (C4) very high critical. The results also showed that 11% of the area was in a low critical class, 30% in the moderate, 25% in high, and 29% of the very high critical class. A climate criterion with the index value of 2.6 has the greatest impact, which is due to strong winds and increasing number of storms and dusty days. Land use criterion with the index value of 1.5 has the minimal impact, which is due to inappropriate land use and implementation of desertification projects in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
598 - Landslide susceptibility mapping using fuzzy-analytic network process
Elahe Akbari Ali Darvishi Boloorani Najmeh Neysani SamaniIn recent decades, with the expansion of human activities on the natural environment, a variety of hazards, including landslides, have had serious human and financial damage. As a result, landslide susceptibility assessment and identifying the critical areas for watersh MoreIn recent decades, with the expansion of human activities on the natural environment, a variety of hazards, including landslides, have had serious human and financial damage. As a result, landslide susceptibility assessment and identifying the critical areas for watershed protection seems to be necessary. In this study, landslide susceptibility using combined fuzzy and Analytic Network Process (FANP) methods has been modelled on the Farub Roman basin. To achieve this goal, four clusters; topography, biological, hydro-climate and geological and criteria such as elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, distance from roads, land use, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance from rivers, drainage density, rainfall, soil moisture index, distance from faults and lithology have been considered. The results showed that the Fuzzy-analytic network process model is appropriate for landslide susceptibility modelling for as much as in model validation through the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, the AUC, 0.83 has achieved with the standard error; 0.07, of the P-value equal to zero. For assessing the landslide susceptibility in the Farub Roman basin based on the results of the ROC curve, fuzzy ANP model evaluated very well. In addition, the results showed that, 66% of the known landslides have been found in areas with high and very high sensitivity. Due to the estimation of the high and very high sensitivity of landslides; 51% of the total area, the implementation of studying watershed protection seems to be necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
599 - Environmental hazards zonation landslide, earthquake, flood and erosion using AHP Fuzzy method (Case study: Vark Basin)
Siyamak Baharvand salman soori Jafar Rahnama RadNatural hazards cause every year around the world, including Iran harmful damages. A Vark basin in the Lorestan province due to a variety of geological properties such as lithology, tectonic and climatic conditions, is taken as areas with potential environmental risks i MoreNatural hazards cause every year around the world, including Iran harmful damages. A Vark basin in the Lorestan province due to a variety of geological properties such as lithology, tectonic and climatic conditions, is taken as areas with potential environmental risks into account. To reduce the damage caused by these risks, earliest and foremost task is to determine areas with high potential risk. In order to evaluate environmental hazards in this basin, each informational layer has been identified and registered using the satellite images ETM+ (2016 year), geological maps, topographic maps and field visits (2017 year). Then, using the informational layers of the slope, aspect, elevation, land use, geology, the epicenter of the earthquake, fault, drainage and rainfall in ArcMap software and based on an AHP-Fuzzy method of the map, the risk of landslide, floods, erosion and earthquake have been prepared. In this study, in order to map the environmental risks using expert judgment, the Quartet Hazards of the region were weighted and then overlapped. Based on the results achieved, 9.03, 20.84, 27.68, 27.41 and 15.03 percent of the area ranked at-risk classes very low, low, medium, high and very high respectively. The results of the environmental risk map of the region show that landslides and flooding are a larger role in the creation of high-risk zones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
600 - Assessment spatial accuracy of restoration programs in the range management plan for the Maikhoran watershed in Kermansha
Zeinab Jafarian Samira Parvini Ataollah KavianDue to the costs of natural resources projects, detailed studies are necessary, because the lack of positive response of plans will follow the loss of human capital and funds and lack of trust in anchors plan and natural resources departments of residents’ watersh MoreDue to the costs of natural resources projects, detailed studies are necessary, because the lack of positive response of plans will follow the loss of human capital and funds and lack of trust in anchors plan and natural resources departments of residents’ watersheds. The purpose of this research was locating corrective operations and recovery using Geographic Information System and Boolean method and comparing the results with the implemented projects in the watershed Maikhoran in 2006. Locating the corrective operations were done based on a map of rainfall, slope, soil and rangeland condition and then with incorporating the maps of the forecast operations for all applicable operations were introduced suitable places map. This map was included seed planting 4.761, Field strip cropping 6.973, heap planting 15.154, pitting 0.127, rippering 0.455, seed spraying 10.046 and transformation of low- yielding farms to pastures 17.977 square kilometres and exclosure throughout the entire basin. The implemented design in the spring of 1385 had a heap planting in 3.004, selling in 7.675, management, grazing in 51.717, protection of sensitive lands and transformation of low- yielding farms to pasture in 15.271 and 2.067 square kilometres of rangelands. Then, by matching the two maps obtained the kappa coefficient 0.27 that represents low matching between two maps. This result represents disproportion between located operations with implementing operations, according to the current situation in the region too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
601 - Assessment of desertification status in Sefiddasht-Boroujen (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province) watershed using MEDALUS model
Fatemeh Nafar Ataollah Ebrahimi Ali Asghar NaghipourBackground and Objective The degradation of resources in many parts of the world is a serious threat to humanity due to its growing trend. Desertification, which is one of the manifestations of this degradation, has affected most countries and has been introduced as the MoreBackground and Objective The degradation of resources in many parts of the world is a serious threat to humanity due to its growing trend. Desertification, which is one of the manifestations of this degradation, has affected most countries and has been introduced as the third challenge of the 21st century after the two challenges of climate change and freshwater scarcity. Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and semi-humid areas. This situation is caused by a series of important processes, the most important of which are the two factors of human activity and climate change. Several methods have been developed to determine the process of desertification, one of which is widely used, the Medalus method. Assessing the status of desertification processes (land degradation) in a village, region or country is important because it provides the opportunity to make informed decisions about the financial dimension and the amount of investment needed to control it. Considering the development of the desertification phenomenon in the Sefiddasht-Borujen region and the need to pay attention to the importance of the results of this destructive phenomenon in the future. The purpose of this study is to evaluate desertification using the Madalus model in the Sefiddasht-Borujen watershed with an area of 92565 hectares, located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.Materials and Methods Land use changes were investigated and detected using the distance measurement model. For this purpose, the images of 1998, 2009, and 2018 were used. The amount of changes during this period was determined, and the points where the most changes occurred were selected. Then using these points, in the Medalus model, the factors affecting desertification and its current situation were considered. Then, the effective parameters in desertification were studied in these points separately and the Medalus model was implemented in them. According to the Medalus method, effective factors in the desertification of the region were identified and each factor including climate, vegetation, soil, groundwater, and management and policy was considered as a criterion. Then, the characteristics of the mentioned criteria that were effective in the desertification of this region were considered as indicators. After each indicator received weight in relation to its impact on desertification and by evaluating them, their impact of them on the desertification process was determined. Finally, using the indicators of these criteria, the criteria map and finally, the desertification map were obtained from their geometric mean n order to study the climate criteria, three indices of rainfall, direction, and drought index were considered. The study of the climate was evaluated from 3 sample points in the meteorological and water weight stations of the province, which are harvested as points. To evaluate the soil condition, some physical and chemical properties such as soil texture, acidity, electrical conductivity, and the amount of organic matter were selected. To determine the soil properties, the first 170 sampling points were identified in the study area, and from 0 to 20 cm soil level, sampling was performed and transferred to the laboratory.Results and Discussion The results showed a score of climatic criteria calculated at 1.80 was determined in two classes and had the most role in desertification in the region. The score of management and policy, vegetation, and soil criteria respectively were calculated at 1.76, 1.71, and 1.55 and was determined into two classes severe and very severe. Also, water criteria were calculated at 1.33 and were determined in the middle class. Based on the Medalus model, the current desertification score was estimated to be 1.63. According to this map, the desertification situation of the region was divided into two classes, severe and very severe. Finally, it was calculated that 56% of this area is faced with severe and 44% of it very severe desertification. The result showed that the northern part of the study area is highly vulnerable, while the southern part of the region is less vulnerable to desertification. However, this region has high desertification intensity. The foretold sensitivity of this region to the phenomenon of desertification was consistent. In this model, climate, soil, vegetation, groundwater, management, and policy criteria were selected. According to the results, climate, management, policy, vegetation, soil, and groundwater criteria, respectively, had the greatest impact on desertification of this region due to the low precipitation, drought in recent years, illegal excavation of wells, and uncontrolled extractions more than the capacity of groundwater aquifers in Sefiddasht has caused the drying of most wells in this area. Also, the drying of Dehno Wetland is another reason for the intensity of desertification in the study area.Conclusion According to the obtained results, the phenomenon of desertification in this region is accelerating and would cause a destructive consequence. The study area, according to the proposed definition of desertification, has both natural and human desertification conditions. Natural factors such as unfavorable climatic conditions such as lack of rainfall, successive droughts, limited water resources, on the one hand, and destructive human factors such as traditional agricultural system, overgrazing, overexploitation of groundwater, conversion of pastures to land Agriculture, industries, mines and facilities, destruction of vegetation and shrubs, on the other hand, have led to the destruction of pastures and natural resources and accelerated desertification in the region. Evidence shows that in this region water table is lower than in other areas and as a consequence desertification is accelerated. Among the ways to deal with desertification in the region, it is possible to use the pastures and pastures in principle, according to their capacity at the right time, to permanently enclose the region under biological and mechanical desertification activities, proper exploitation of groundwater and prevents land use change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
602 - Evaluation of national standards for locating industrial waste landfills using GIS
Eham Yousefi Rubiat Elham Yousefi Rubiat Elham ChamanepourBackground and Objective The rise in wealth, improving living standards, increasing the rate of population growth, along with increasing the level of commercial and industrial activities in urban areas around the world, are the main reasons for the significant increase MoreBackground and Objective The rise in wealth, improving living standards, increasing the rate of population growth, along with increasing the level of commercial and industrial activities in urban areas around the world, are the main reasons for the significant increase in solid waste production, including industrial waste. These wastes lead to the emergence of environmental and human problems and on the other hand, disrupt environmental security. Among the wastes, industrial wastes are highly important due to their high variability, and choosing a suitable location for the landfill site of these wastes is an effective means of controlling pollution from its source. There are many methods for waste disposal such as a sanitary landfill, combustion, recycling, recovery, reduction, and composting. But sanitary burial in a Landfill is an appropriate and acceptable option for disposing of industrial solid waste. Choosing the right place for a solid waste landfill is an effective means of controlling pollution from its source. The site selection process is one of the most difficult tasks related to solid waste management systems because it is subject to government regulations, municipal and government budgets, increasing population density, increasing environmental awareness, public health concerns, reducing the availability of suitable land for Landfilling and increasing political and social opposition to the creation of landfills. GIS is an important tool for identifying and selecting the right site and has a positive impact on time and cost management, as well as providing a digital database for long-term monitoring that is able to process complex geographic data and graphically display results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the proper place for non-particular landfill of Birjand industrial park, based on the standards of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Ministry of Energy in the GIS environment. In this study, the best places in terms of environment, soils, geology, hydrology, hydrogeology, climate, infrastructure, and socio-social criteria. This study is able to provide a model while applying all standards of the country, to reduce the ecological risk. Materials and Methods For this purpose, 8 parameters including environmental, soils, geology, hydrology, hydrogeology, climate, infrastructure, and socioeconomic as the main criteria were examined in the form of 26 subcriteria. After identifying the criteria and the amount of restriction and prohibition for each factor, information was obtained by referring to the relevant organizations of each criterion. And the database is required by using GIS and Google Earth pro systems. Then, the limitations in each layer were removed using the tools in the GIS software environment. The remaining areas were standardized using layers defuzzification. Finally, the layers are integrated using the Rasters calculation tool, and the best area for the site construction of the waste landfill location was selected.Results and Discussion After combining the maps and applying the existing prohibition, four polygons in the north of the industrial park and a polygon in the south of the region were identified that there is no prohibition on the construction of a landfill place. Then the parameters such as slope, height, aspect, soil type, rainfall, land use, and vegetation map were applied as restrictions. After applying the restrictions in the region, only one polygonal remains in the northern part of the industrial park, which is proposed as a suitable area for the construction of a waste landfill. The area has less than 5% slope, its vegetation is poor and the moor region is considered. It is also not in the dominant wind direction of the region. This polygon distance to the industrial park is about 4 km. The overall area is 3 million square meters. With a field visit of the proposed polygon, the sigmoid sluice area, the bare lands, and the border of the hill was removed from an area of 3000000 m². And, only two polygons with an area of 467,000 m3 were reminded. According to the annual volume of waste generated in the region (2400 m²) and the lifespan of 20 years, the total volume of waste is equal to 48000 m². To bury this volume of waste, a land with dimensions of 300×80 m² with a depth of at least two meters is needed. According to the area of the proposed area, there are about 18 plots with a depth of two meters in the area that can be selected as a landfill.Conclusion The results show that attention to existing standards can be considered a tool for choosing the ideal site. This study is able to provide a model that, while using all national standards, also leads to an ecological risk. Finally, it is suggested that recycling produced per unit reduces waste production from origin. The stone powder prepared from the stone factories' wastes, re-separation of construction waste according to the size, and reuse of them in construction can lead to the recycling of most of this waste. It is essential to implement the proposed landfill as soon as possible, as they are now discharged without any management around, which has become a health and aesthetic problem and the area is becoming a dust source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
603 - A smart clinical Lab Assistant: From design to build
Saba Sadeghi Bigham Golsa Salari Fatemeh Rezaeian Maryam DavoudiIntroduction: Nowadays, scientific laboratories are moving towards becoming intelligent. However, reading the test steps and recording the findings is often still done by paper note-taking, which can cause the transfer of microbial (parasites, fungi, viruses, bacteria) MoreIntroduction: Nowadays, scientific laboratories are moving towards becoming intelligent. However, reading the test steps and recording the findings is often still done by paper note-taking, which can cause the transfer of microbial (parasites, fungi, viruses, bacteria) and chemicals (such as acrylamide and radioactive substances) contamination to the researcher's personal devices and notes. This sometimes even leads to the spread of pollution to spaces outside the laboratory. The purpose of this study is to design and implement an intelligent voice-controlled tool that can carry out the testing and recording of findings with voice commands to software designed on the researcher's mobile phone without the need to touch.Method: The proposed design consists of two parts, software, and hardware. Its "hardware" or "remote control" part consists of a PCB board that enables the control to connect to the mobile Wi-Fi through its ESP32 Wi-Fi module. Next to this board, a keyboard is designed which consists of 4 operation keys. For the software part, C Sharp programming language was used and it was developed using the Xamarian framework to design an Android application. This application provides the functionalities to perform an experiment.Findings: First, the correct operation of 4 keys was tested by the computer test, and by pressing each of the keys, the words Next', 'Previous', 'Record', and 'Play/Stop' appeared on the software installed on the laptop, which showed the command It is running correctly. In addition, upon exiting the software on the computer, the control lamp would also turn red, which indicates the correct disconnection. In the following, this test was repeated using a mobile phone with the Android operating system, which showed the correct communication and correct operation of the four operating keys.Discussion: In general, the designed laboratory audio assistant has been able to minimize the problem of transferring contamination to personal devices and researcher's notes when working with laboratory protocols and record findings with a new method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
604 - Environment Analysis and Presentation of Football Development Strategies in the Iranian Education System
Alireza Elahi Shahamat Abbasi Mejrzad HamidiObjective: The aim was to determine football development strategies in the Iranian education system.Methodology: The present study was a descriptive and strategic study. For this purpose, using the opinions of experts in the form of qualitative interviews as well as hol MoreObjective: The aim was to determine football development strategies in the Iranian education system.Methodology: The present study was a descriptive and strategic study. For this purpose, using the opinions of experts in the form of qualitative interviews as well as holding strategic council, first the analysis of the environment, including the identification of strengths, constraint, opportunities and risks, was done. Then the expectation or vision for the football in education system was determined. In the end, three strategies were identified to achieve the expectation.Results: Strengthening relations and interactions with domestic and foreign sports and football institutions, developing the football training system and football human resource development, and developing the football talent identification system and processes have been the three main strategies identified in this study.Conclusion: In order to implement the strategies some action plans are presented. formulated using the, the action plans corresponding to each strategy should be identified. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the appropriate budget for plans and evaluation criteria in order to achieve the strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
605 - Mythological Analysis and Criticism of the Mystical Poems of Faghir Basir Al-Din Shirazi (Case Study of Vahid Nameh) Based on a Post-environmental Approach in Art
Roham Amirpour Amraee Mohamad Reza Sharif Zadeh Abolfazl Davoudi Roknabadi Pezhman DadkhahStatement of question: One crucial aspect of contemporary art analysis lies in the widespread adoption of environmental criticism. This approach consistently seeks to identify historical connections between the appearances of nature and art, contributing to their mutual MoreStatement of question: One crucial aspect of contemporary art analysis lies in the widespread adoption of environmental criticism. This approach consistently seeks to identify historical connections between the appearances of nature and art, contributing to their mutual enhancement. For instance, consider a poem by the poet Basir al-Din Shirazi that describes a province in Iran with a once distinctive vegetation cover, now diminished. Through this method, we can ascertain the contemporary adaptations and discern that the reduction of a particular element (such as a pine tree) may be linked to the increased occurrence of floods in the region. However, this study aims to delve deeper, fostering a more profound understanding of our ecological impact. Purpose: Beyond environmental correlations, this research endeavors to introduce a new creative dimension to the realm of art. It explores a specific sub-part, employing an alternative approach to the literature and mystical conduct of Zahabiyeh. Research method: This study employs a descriptive-analytical method, combining qualitative and practical information gathered from both library and field resources. Conclusion: Finally, our research reveals that, despite a human-centered epistemological focus, our understanding of mythology and its symbolism is integral. This comprehension serves as the key to connecting and applying previously acquired knowledge, contributing to a more concrete understanding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
606 - Examining the role and position of internal audit on green innovation with an emphasis on bio-investment Environment and corporate governance. (Study case: Tehran Stock Exchange)
rouhollah rahimi Marzieh Ebrahimi Shaghaghi Hossein EslamiEmpirical evidence of recent research shows that internal audit has a positive effect on green innovation of companies. This, in turn, can lead to compatibility with environmental protection and prevent its destruction by companies. While it can improve the company's co MoreEmpirical evidence of recent research shows that internal audit has a positive effect on green innovation of companies. This, in turn, can lead to compatibility with environmental protection and prevent its destruction by companies. While it can improve the company's competitive advantages through the control system for the company's internal processes, of course, paying attention to this issue can be considered in turn due to the importance and role of internal audit on green innovation, especially considering the position of environmental investment and corporate governance. be taken The research method is of the descriptive correlation type and the statistical population of the present study also included 470 cases from among the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the years 2013 to 2014. Based on the Cochran correlation, the statistical sample of this research has been determined as 211 companies. In this research, structural equation modeling has been used to investigate the relationships between research variables. To test the hypotheses of the research, structural equation method and Lisrel statistical software were used. In general, the research results showed that internal audit has a significant relationship with green innovation. Also, environmental investment and corporate governance also confirm the relationship between them by acting as a mediator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
607 - Sensivity analysis of the effective input parameters upon the population flactuation of the sunn pest adult insect using Artificial Neural Network
Zahra Dustiy Naser Moeini naghadeh Abbas Ali Zamani Leila NaderlooThe Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put. is the most important pest of wheat and barley in Iran. Many studies have shown that various biotic and abiotic environmental factors affect the population of this pest. In this study, the relationship between population densit MoreThe Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put. is the most important pest of wheat and barley in Iran. Many studies have shown that various biotic and abiotic environmental factors affect the population of this pest. In this study, the relationship between population density of the Sunn pest adult insect with different environmental factors including sampling date, average daily temperature, average relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, height from sea level and degree-day was investigated. Field data were collected from two wheat farm of one-hectare in the city of Chadegan, Isfahan province. The used network type was multilayer perceptron with back propagation algorithm and the learning algorithm was Levenberg-Markvart. After sensitivity analysis due to the ease of the model and extraction of effectiveness of factors including four factors of sampling date, temperature, humidity and wind speed were selected. The results showed that a neural network with two hidden layer, 7 neuron in the first hidden layer and three neuron in the second hidden layer, as a sigmoid activation function, and a data percentage of 60, 30, 10 for training, testing and validation for prediction of population fluctuation of the Sunn pest adult insect is used (R2= 0.94). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
608 - Entropy Method to Analyze the Impact of Eco-Friendly Consumer Attitudes on Green Brand Intention: Apple Brand Consumers
Maryam Ghiasabadi Farahani Peyman Ghafari Ashtiani Majid Shadmand -
Open Access Article
609 - Examining the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city
Mohammad javad Yamini Golamreza JafariniaExamining the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of indivi MoreExamining the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city. This research is descriptive and correlational in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all citizens over 18 years of age in Jam city. The sample size was 397 people randomly selected based on Morgan table. The tools used in this research are standard environmental behavior questionnaires (Zare Shahabadi and colleagues, 2017), social capital (Gorji Karsami, 2016). Smart PLS 2 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that in the relationship between the dimensions of social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens, individual variables have a moderating role. Also, the results showed that the relationship between the dimensions of social capital, ie social interaction, social trust, social participation and environmental behaviors. Environmental, positive and meaningful.Extended AbstractIntroduction: In today's advanced society, organizations need compassionate and responsible forces in order to improve their level and achieve their goals, which sometimes go beyond the goals and aspirations of the organization and behave beyond their duties. Voluntary, and beneficial efforts today are referred to as citizen-centered behaviors or environmental behaviors. The relationship between the environment and social capital is one of the new topics that has been considered by environmental researchers. Environmental protection is an essential issue for sustainable development, and its enforcement power is largely due to individual environmental protection behavior (Fangshe, 2021:1). Researchers believe that the levels of social capital have a significant effect on environmental behaviors and environmental protection, and environmental behaviors of individuals and their desire to preserve the environment depend on personality, status and social capacities in society (Azadkhani et al, 2020:1). Jam city with a rich historical and cultural background and people of different Iranian ethnicities, is located in the south of Bushehr province and due to its environmental characteristics and natural attractions can be an important tourism hub in the region with scientific management and planning.This city differs from other cities in the province in terms of climate due to its mountainous nature, distance from the sea and suitable altitude, and unlike other cities, it has a milder climate. Unfortunately, Jam city today has problems such as air pollution (caused by Fajr ­jam Gas Refining Company, Nar and Kangan­ operations area, gas pressure boosting station, Ghadir repair yard, crushers and asphalt factory), river floods, floods and so on. Such dumping of waste has occurred in villages and natural areas and has found a vulnerable structure. Given the above, the importance of research in this area seems necessary. This study seeks to determine whether individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city play a moderating role? Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection. In order to collect research data, a questionnaire was also used. The questions of the questionnaire were of the five-choice Likert scale (very little to very much) and were distributed to the respondents in person. The statistical population consists of people over 18 years old living in Jam city, according to Morgan's table, the sample number was 397 people. Questionnaires will be distributed randomly among citizens over 18 years of age. The tools used in this research are standard environmental behavior questionnaires (Zare Shahabadi and colleagues, 2017), social capital (Gorji Karsami, 2016). Due to the standardization of the questionnaires, its validity and reliability were examined using factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, and all of them were confirmed. In this research, the individual variables of gender, occupation and level of education were considered.Results and discussion: After implementing the PLS algorithm, each path coefficient in the PLS structural model can be considered equivalent to a standardized beta coefficient in regression or correlation coefficient of two structures. Structural paths whose sign agrees with the algebraic sign of the previous hypotheses provide empirical validity to theoretical assumptions about the relationships between latent variables. Positive path coefficients indicate positive effects and negative path coefficients indicate negative effects. Coefficients should be greater than 0.6 and values less than 0.4 should be considered inappropriate and should be removed from the set of indicators. Also, the significance of path coefficients is determined by statistical t. In this way, the values must be out of range (1.96, -0.96). The results are shown in Figures 3, 2 and 4. The results of the analysis for the moderating role of this hypothesis show a path coefficient of 0.163 and a statistical t of 2.938 (greater than 1.96) and an effect intensity of 0.05, therefore It can be said with 95% confidence that individual variables play a moderating role in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of the citizens of Jam city. Considering the path coefficient of 0.408 and statistical t shows 34,000 (more than 1.96), so with 0.95 confidence we can say that there is a significant relationship between social interaction and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city and This type of relationship is direct and positive. According to the path coefficient of 0.405 and statistical t shows 32.717 (more than 1.96), so with 0.95 confidence we can say that there is a significant relationship between social trust and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city and the type This is a direct and positive relationship. According to the path coefficient of 0.288 and statistical t shows 20.861 (more than 1.96), so with 0.95 confidence we can say that there is a significant relationship between social participation and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city. And the type of this relationship is direct and positive.Conclusion: As the results of the study showed and confirmed, individual variables such as gender, education and occupation have a moderating role in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors, that is, they strengthen or reduce it. Social participation is an important issue that is being addressed these days. Therefore, the higher the social participation of individuals, the greater the impact on their environmental behaviors. In other words, there is a direct relationship between social participation and environmental behaviors. The higher the social participation of individuals, the higher their environmental behaviors will be. Social participation is a very important dimension of social capital that is created or strengthened by social trust and social interactions. The results obtained for this hypothesis are in line with the results of Van and Doo (2022), Feng Shu et al. (2021), Ongelinas & Jones (2019), Azad­khani et al. (1399), Gholami et al. (1399). By considering individual variables and paying more attention to them, city managers can take action to protect the environment and also create and promote positive environmental behaviors among citizens. By creating more trust between themselves and the people, as well as involving people in social activities, city and country managers can provide the ground for the participation of as many people in the community as possible. It is suggested that a study be conducted on the subject of environmental activities among different strata and classes of society and the effects they can have on other people in society. Also identify educational programs for environmental education of future generations and children and adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
610 - Effect of environmental practices in creating sustainable development (Case: Bushehr city)
Golamreza JafariniaThe overall objective of this study is to investigate Effect of environmental practices in creating sustainable developmentSecondary objective of the study is study on relation between social associations, social norms and social trust and environmental social behaviors MoreThe overall objective of this study is to investigate Effect of environmental practices in creating sustainable developmentSecondary objective of the study is study on relation between social associations, social norms and social trust and environmental social behaviors of the employees of Bushehr. The research method in this study is survey method. Our study population is 60,850 people of busher employees that have been chosen using Cochran formula with sample size of 381 people. This statistical population is done by cluster sampling. We processed data using AMOS and SPSS software. The results of the statistical analysis show that according to the data regression model have done and Pearson correlation coefficient and significance level obtained from the regression, since significance levels in three variables of social associations, social norms and social trust were 0.00 that is smaller than 0.05 and also significance levels of structural equalities using AMOS software were 0.027, 0.024 and 0.012 respectively and all are smaller than 0.05, there is a relationship between these three assumptions and environmental social behaviors of bushehr. In the other words, all these three assumptions in this study have been confirmed.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Today, political and economic crises and issues such as limited fossil fuel sustainability, environmental concerns, growing congestion, economic growth and consumption are all universal issues that are widely considered by thinkers to find appropriate solutions to energy problems in The world, and especially the environmental crises, have been preoccupied. On the one hand, in the current world, the economic and political support of countries depends on their productivity of fossil resources, and the depletion of fossil resources is not only a threat to the economies of exporting countries, but also a major concern for the economic system of importing nations. . Owners of natural resources and reserves, on the other hand, are well aware that their current withdrawals from their resources will require less productivity in the future and eventually "depletion of resources in the short term." are significant reasons that warn the need to change people's consumption attitudes. Energy practice and of course improving the environmental behaviors of people in general and modifying the consumption pattern in part in relation to energy resources in our country is also felt more and more, because preventing the waste of fossil fuel resources, in addition to rapid access More to sustainable development and conservation of resources for future generations, reducing environmental pollution that one One of the main problems of today's societies will be that human beings today live in a world in crisis. In recent decades, in addition to social, economic, political and value crises, which are considered serious threats, environmental problems and crises must be added to the list of global crises. Ever since man set foot on the planet, there has been a constant and stable interaction between him and the natural world. However, achieving behavioral changes in relation to a particular topic, first requires a change in people's attitudes toward the same topic. Therefore, understanding environmental attitudes is the primary goal of researchers in gaining new insights in order to help research in environmental behaviors. Sears' studies show that there are four levels of change in the individual. First, the individual's knowledge must change (education), this change in knowledge causes a change in attitude, and a change in attitude causes a change in individual behavior, and a change in individual behavior causes a change in group behavior. Thus, changing one's attitude towards one's personal knowledge requires more time. Changes in a person's attitude can affect his behavior and ultimately his group behavior (social and organizational)Methodology: This research has been done as a survey. In sampling based on Cochran's logical formula, the optimal confidence level in this research is considered to be 0.95, so the desired probability level (d) is equal to 0.05 and the size of the variable in the natural distribution or The reliability coefficient (t) is equal to 1.96. Estimation can be used to determine variance. The largest sample required to answer a research question is obtained when the probability of having an adjective or being in sample (p) is 0.5. In this case, the standard error is minimized. As a result, the probability of not having an adjective or not being in sample (q) will be equal to 0.5.Results: Hypothesis v1 Test: There seems to be a relationship between civic participation networks and environmental social behaviors of Bushehr citizens - The weight obtained between civic participation networks and environmental social behaviors of Bushehr citizens is equal to 0.11. This number is interpreted to mean that the direct effects of the two variables on each other are equal to 11%. The level of significance between the two variables of civic participation networks and environmental social behaviors is equal to 0.027. (Because the significant level between v1 and v5 is less than 0.05). Therefore, there is a relationship between civic participation networks and environmental social behaviors of Bushehr citizens Hypothesis v2 test: There seems to be a relationship between social norms and social environmental behaviors of Bushehr citizens. - The weight obtained between social norms and social environmental behaviors of Bushehr citizens is equal to 0.11. This number is interpreted to mean that the direct effects of the two variables on each other are equal to 11%. The significance level between the two variables of social norms and environmental social behaviors is equal to 0.024 (because the significance level between v2 and v5 is less than 0.05). Therefore, there is a relationship between social norms and environmental social behaviors of Bushehr citizens. Hypothesis v3 test: There seems to be a relationship between social trust and social environmental behaviors of Bushehr citizens. - The weight obtained between social trust and social environmental behaviors of Bushehr citizens is equal to 0.12. This number is interpreted to mean that the direct effects of the two variables on each other are equal to 12%. The level of significance between the two variables of social trust and environmental social behaviors is equal to 0.012 (because the level of significance between v3 and v5 is less than 0.05). Therefore, there is a relationship between social trust and environmental social behaviors of Bushehr citizens. Hypothesis of v1-v3 test: It seems that there is a relationship between the network of civil participation and social trust in the citizens of Bushehr. - The weight obtained between the network of civil participation and social trust in the citizens of Bushehr is equal to 0.21. This number is interpreted as the direct effects of two variables on each other equal to 0.21 percent. Also, there is no relationship between the Civil Participation Network and the social trust of the citizens of Bushehr. (Because the significant level between 3 v and v1 is greater than 0.05).Conclusion: With the formation of environmental sociology, over the years, the importance of research on environmental issues also increased. Sociologists who have studied environmental issues at different times in history have considered different areas. According to the five areas that Butel has identified for this area of sociology, namely: the new human ecosystem; Environmental attitudes, values and behaviors; Environmental movement; Technological risk and risk assessment; And political economy in environmental policy, the present study in general, is based on the fifth category of this classification. Because it seeks to study the behavior, attitudes and environmental values of individuals (Salehi: 55, 2010). In other words, this research is placed on issues related to the relationship between society and the environment, a topic that is examined by the sociology of the environment as a sub-branch of sociology. Gücken et al. Is (same). Researchers in many fields believe that countries cause serious and irreparable damage to the environment under the pretext of achieving technological development. Since Iran is currently one of the developing countries in the world rankings, it may be necessary to pay full attention to the environment and prevent its destruction and damage in order to achieve development horizons. , It seems necessary. The main issue of this research is the issue of environmental social behaviors. Iran has rich energy reserves and natural resources, but has always had problems due to the lack of conscious use of these resources and their misuse. Perhaps changing the social behavior of individuals in relation to this issue was the main goal on which this research was initially based. It seemed that by changing habits, raising awareness and leading people to pay more attention to the environment and related issues, a solution could be found for this issue. Therefore, a set of factors that seemed to be able to explain the significant environmental behavior of individuals based on theoretical approaches and previous research, were included in the analytical model and their indicators were considered. A questionnaire including demographic variables, environmental social behaviors, civic participation networks, social norms and social trust was made available to the sample. Data were collected and analyzed using statistical software, which is summarized below. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
611 - The role of good governance in increasing tourism in Taleghan city
Rassa Safari namin sayed abolghasem fazel chahar mahali mohammad shokriyan Today, tourism as a source of income and job creation at the local level can be an approach to economic development and has a potential role in the local economy. Attracting tourists and developing tourism in a place leads to currency exchange, More Today, tourism as a source of income and job creation at the local level can be an approach to economic development and has a potential role in the local economy. Attracting tourists and developing tourism in a place leads to currency exchange, increasing income and developing employment in that place. On the other hand, good urban governance and its indicators such as security and participation that were examined in this study have a significant role in providing the possibility of increasing tourism in this region and city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of good governance in increasing tourism in Taleghan city. The research is descriptive and analytical and has been done in a library and field method using books, articles and questionnaires. Finally, it has been used by SPSS statistical analytical software and descriptive statistical indicators such as frequency, mean, standard deviation, correlation, regression, etc. The statistical population of the study was 384 people who were selected through random sampling. The results show that attracting tourists in a region separate from the existence of tourist attractions and potentials requires the existence of facilities for tourists. Because tourists, due to the nature of tourism and apart from it, are looking for fun and leisure with pleasure. An issue that good urban governance can address well. On the other hand, environmental security and its increase as well as public participation have a great contribution in increasing and attracting tourists to Taleghan city as a tourist destinationExtended AbstractIntroduction:The world today faces challenges that stem from the changes resulting from the advancement of science and technology and the emergence of new organizational and social needs. In today's changing world, governments and city managers alone will not be able to meet the new needs of their citizens. Use to maximize the production and delivery of public services. In the modern urban management system, several models have been presented to solve these problems and challenges in urban life, one of which is the dominant model in urban management, the model of urban governance. Governance is an issue that focuses on how governments and other social organizations interact with each other, how to communicate with citizens, and how to make decisions in a complex world, and is the process by which communities and organizations make and determine their decisions. Who is involved in this process and how to perform their duties. The urban environment is a complex, dynamic and diverse space and requires a high management capacity that good urban governance can provide. On the other hand, tourism has become one of the most important resources in the economy of countries, which has grown more than other economic sectors, and not only economically has created employment and income, etc., but also caused familiarity with cultures, increased The welfare of society, the fight against unemployment, social corruption and many other positive items. However, the flow of urban tourism can not be summarized only in the presence of natural, man-made and man-made attractions. So that tourism as a product of the entanglement of various factors, each of which has a significant impact on tourism. In addition, knowledge of tourism is also important in the field of urban tourism. Cities with high potentials play a role as the engine of economic and social development by creating jobs and coming up with ideas. Accordingly, in the present study, the role of indicators of good urban governance in increasing tourism in tourism destination cities will be investigated and evaluated.Methodology:The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and survey research in terms of data collection. To collect the research, two methods of interviewing experts and a questionnaire were used. At first, in order to identify the governance indicators for the development of tourism in the studied city, by researching various sources and also interviewing some experts in the regional offices, some important indicators for the development of tourism in the region and the studied city were identified and collected. Then, in the second stage, the indicators were analyzed and evaluated in the framework of the questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was experts in regional offices and tourists entering the city. 384 people were randomly selected as the statistical population through a sampling and a questionnaire was distributed among them. Data were analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS software.Results and discussion:The significance level of research variables is more than 0.05, so the null statistical assumption that the desired distribution is normal is confirmed and all research variables have a normal distribution. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient test between variables indicate that among the 384 respondents studied, the correlation coefficient is 0.0206 with a significance level of 99%, since the significance level Obtained (Sig), less than 01 /. We have enough evidence to reject our statistical null hypothesis. As a result, the statistical null hypothesis is rejected and the main hypothesis is confirmed. Therefore, there is a significant correlation between research variables (improving environmental security and increasing tourism destination selection). The coefficient of determination is equal to 0.043, ie the amount of variability in the dependent variable that can be explained by regression is equal to 0.043 units. Also, the standardized beta coefficient is equal to 0.0206, ie the market of one unit of change in the independent variable (environmental security improvement), changes of the dependent variable (increase of tourist destination selection) is equal to 0.0206 units, which due to the smaller level Significance (Sig) from 01 /. This effect is significant, therefore: improving environmental security has a positive and significant effect on increasing the choice of tourist destinations. The results obtained from Pearson correlation coefficient test between variables indicate that among the 384 respondents studied, the correlation coefficient is 0.258 with a significance level of 99%, since the significance level obtained (Sig) is less than 01 /. We have enough evidence to reject our statistical null hypothesis. As a result, the statistical null hypothesis is rejected and the main hypothesis is confirmed. Therefore, there is a significant correlation between research variables (attracting public participation and increasing tourism destination selection). The coefficient of determination is equal to 0.067, ie the amount of variability in the dependent variable that can be explained by regression is equal to 0.067 units. Also, the standardized beta coefficient is equal to 0.258, ie the market of a unit of change in the independent variable (attracting public participation), changes in the dependent variable (increasing the choice of tourist destination) Is equal to 0.258 units which is due to the fact that the significance level is smaller (Sig) than 0.01. This effect is significant, therefore: attracting public participation has a positive and significant effect on increasing the choice of tourist destination. Conclusion: Today, tourism as an industry has been able to be one of the sources of income and job creation at the local level and an approach to economic development and has a potential role in the local economy. Attracting tourists and developing tourism in one place leads to currency exchange, increasing income and developing employment in that place, and especially when the profits of other economic sectors are declining, it is a good alternative for them. Tourism development and tourist attraction, in addition to economic aspects, also includes social and cultural aspects and is considered as a guide for rural development on the one hand, and new strategies for revitalization of rural areas through the creation of complementary activities or Transforming these areas according to their human and natural resources and also increases income and thus the well-being of the residents of these areas. On the other hand, it helps to rebuild rural areas because sustainable development calls for long-term growth in tourism without detrimental effects on natural ecosystems. Taleghan city has also shown a successful performance so far by benefiting from nature and many attractions in attracting tourists. On the other hand, good urban governance and its indicators such as security and participation that were examined in this study have a significant role in providing the possibility of increasing tourism in this region and city. In today's competitive tourism markets, trying to attract tourists by different destinations is considered as a strategic goal and one of the ways to attract tourists to the destination is to improve the quality of the environment. Because of the nature of tourism and apart from it, tourists are also looking for fun and leisure with fun, an issue that good urban governance can provide well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
612 - A comparative study of the effectiveness of the production of riding and walking space on the quality of the urban environment (Case: 22 Districts of Tehran city)
Alireza Ahmadi hamidreza rostamkhani mohamad taghi heydari Tehran metropolis has faced many environmental pollutions in recent decades and its quality has been affected.This situation has been paralleled by the ever-increasing population and, as a result, the significant increase in the reliance o More Tehran metropolis has faced many environmental pollutions in recent decades and its quality has been affected.This situation has been paralleled by the ever-increasing population and, as a result, the significant increase in the reliance on motor vehicles for intra and extra-urban trips in this metropolis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental quality of Tehran and its spatial relevance to transportation variables. This research has been done by quantative method and using the data of the statistical yearbook of Tehran province in 2019. Shannon entropy weighting method and Promethee multi-criteria decision making technique for evaluating and ranking Tehran regions in terms of environmental quality, hierarchical clustering in SPSS environment for clustering 22 regions and bivariate Moran autocorrelation analysis in Geoda software to study spatial coherence And environmental quality quotes are used. The results indicate the existence of major spatial differences between different regions of Tehran in terms of environmental quality and regions are divided into four major clusters. Positive and negative relationships between transport variables and environmental quality were observed in the form of different spatial patterns in the regions and spatial clusters and non-clusters were analyzed. The results showed that the production of riding space and the increase in travel production, under the influence of artificial road construction in the second cycle of capital accumulation and Fordism mass production style, has a negative spatial correlation with the quality of the urban environment.Extended AbstractIntroduction: In this research, in particular, the impact of riding transportation with motorized vehicles (according to trip production and absorption statistics) and walking on the urban environment is discussed. Recently, (Dutta et al, 2013: 49) has emphasized the relationship between the quality of the urban environment and the physical, social and economic conditions of the city. In the sense that it is not acceptable to issue a general and universal ruling regarding the relationship between the city and the environment; Rather, regional differences should be considered and the local conditions of cities should be considered in this regard. One of the most obvious indicators of today's urbanization is the increase in reliance on passenger transportation with motor vehicles. Such an unplanned increase brings with it negative environmental impacts, and yet, one of the environmental impacts of urban transportation that is easily seen in developing countries and unfortunately usually ignored is the pedestrian/vehicle conflict. )Huzayyin & Ashour, 2004: 4). In fact, the methodical evaluation of the effect of the type of transportation on the quality of the urban environment will be a suitable and useful tool for thinking about alternative transportation methods. On the other hand, considering the prominent role of transportation use in the body and consequently the social dimension of the city, the decision regarding it will subsequently face the city with obvious physical and social changes, and considering the heavy costs of the physical and social changes of the city, It is appropriate to explain the effect of different types of transportation on the quality of the city's environment.Tehran is one of the metropolises of Iran that suffers from extensive environmental issues. The pressure on the ecological resources and on the natural resources of the city and region of Tehran, which has been under the direct influence of the driving force of rapid urbanization and comes from the increase in the volume of urban trips, the upward trend of waste production, runoff, etc., is noticeable (Shahi et al. , 2018) Therefore, it is felt necessary to use a planning thinking in order to solve and adjust this problem. This research tries to explain part of the environmental problems of Tehran city by focusing on the transportation variable and offers suggestions to improve its situation. We would like to say that without planning and methodical monitoring of the current structure of the city, presenting any kind of program to improve its environmental condition will be fruitless; Because in this case, we have forgotten the problem-producing points that constantly challenge the urban environment. Identifying these issues and what is behind them will be the first step and prerequisite for any plan and action. A review of the theoretical background of the research shows that the utilitarian perspective in dealing with space and including the environment thinks about maximum exploitation and capital accumulation. During the production of artificial space, during the second cycle of capital accumulation, in which, according to Harvey, large-scale industrial production is replaced by daily and mass light industrial goods (Aghaei, 2020), the emergence of Fordism leads to the production and consumption of riding spaces, and production and consumption becomes one and expands day by day. The antithesis point of this current is formed by two currents: with the ideas of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and his subject-body view and the view of this same Hegelian, Cartesian dualism is questioned. The results of this case are also revealed in urban planning, which in this research has been shown in the form of a comparison of the production of travel from the examples of the production of riding space with pedestrian circulation.Methodology: This research is one of the quantitative studies with a practical aspect. The research data were taken from the statistical yearbook of Tehran province. The general process of the research has been that after extracting environmental quality assessment indicators from previous researches, the data were weighted in the form of research indicators, using the Shannon entropy method. Then, in order to evaluate and rank the 22 districts of Tehran from the perspective of environmental quality indicators, the Prometheus multi-criteria decision-making method was used in the Visual Promethee software environment. In the next step, to investigate the spatial relationship of transportation variables with the environmental quality of the regions, two-variable Moran autocorrelation analysis LISA and Geoda software with ESDA approach were used and the type of relationship, the type of clusters and their significance were determined.Results and discussion: The evaluation of the environmental quality of the 22 districts of Tehran shows that there are many differences in terms of the quality of the environment in the regions. Meanwhile, region 22 has the best environmental quality and region 7 has the worst quality. The quality of the rest of the regions is between these two regions. In general, the areas of the city can be classified into 4 different clusters based on the quality of the environment, and it can be said that the neighboring areas have almost the same quality. The results of spatial correlation analysis of travel production and absorption with environmental quality show that there is a negative spatial relationship between these two variables, so that we are facing an increase in travel production and absorption in areas with lower environmental quality. On the contrary, there is a positive spatial correlation between the production of walking and cycling space with environmental quality. This means that we are faced with an increase in the area of pedestrian and cycling paths with a higher environmental quality. However, the same spatial patterns are not observed in the regions.Conclusion: The evaluation of the effectiveness of transportation variables on the environmental quality of Tehran, which is the main goal of this research, revealed significant facts. The results of the analysis show the existence of a positive spatial connection between the area of the cycling and walking paths with the quality of the environment; The subject of pedestrianized cities has now received much attention from researchers in the field of urban planning, which shows the importance of this variable in environmental quality issues. In fact, walking is one of the daily manifestations of the active involvement of humans or their environment or urban space. It can be recognized and interacted with only by walking in the city. With the increase in travel production and attraction, we are facing a lower environmental quality. The cores of the city, which are usually located in the centers and older areas of the city, are a potential possibility to attract travel and are more likely to face pollution and poor environmental quality. The production of rider-oriented space under the modern urbanism style and influenced by Cartesian subjective thinking, the production of artificial space for the second cycle of capital accumulation and the emergence of Fordism and urban zoning will lead to the reduction and degradation of the quality of the urban environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
613 - Place Attachment and Attitude Towards Tourism Development and Promotion of Environmental Responsible Behavior, Case Study: Babolsar city
sara habibtabar bisheh mehdi Ramezanzadeh lasboyeeTourism has many positive and negative effects on economic, social, cultural and environmental fields. Today, the beach is the destination of many tourists and due to the high social demand, these areas are constantly exposed to destruction. One of the effective factors MoreTourism has many positive and negative effects on economic, social, cultural and environmental fields. Today, the beach is the destination of many tourists and due to the high social demand, these areas are constantly exposed to destruction. One of the effective factors to prevent this issue is people's environmental behavior. The environmental behavior of coastal destination’s residents is strongly affected by tourism activities because they understand better its harmful effects. This study examines the factors affecting the responsible environmental behavior of the residents of the coastal city of Babolsar. The research is practical based on purpose and descriptive-analytical based on nature for which 308 residents of Babolsar were selected as a statistical sample through Morgan's table. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in which validity and reliability were checked through SmartPLS3 software. The findings showed that the perceived benefit has no effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/154, but it has an effect on promotion of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/011. Also perceived cost doesn’t affect on both promotion of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/123 and compliance of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/719. Place dependence affects both perceived benefit that significant level is 0/000 and perceived cost that significant level is 0/001. In addition, place dependence has an effect on the compliance of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/027, and vice versa, it has no effect on the promotion of this behavior that significant level is 0/411. Also, the place identity has an effect on the promotion of environmental responsible behavior that significant level is 0/003, and vice versa, it has no effect on compliance of this behavior that significant level is 0/135. The place identity has an effect on the compliance of environmental responsible behavior through place dependence that significant level is 0/028. In addition, place dependence is effective in promotion of environmental responsible behavior through perceived benefit that significant level is 0/037. Finally, the results showed that education, birthplace, length of stay, age and current and past economic participation of residents cause their different perceptions. Extended Abstract Introduction: The tourism industry has many effects on the economic, social-cultural and environmental fields. Due to the high demand for coastal tourism destinations and activities, these types of areas are exposed to destruction. Environmental responsible behavior includes behaviors that contribute to the sustainability and prosperity of destinations by reducing negative environmental effects and sustainable using of resources. Residents of coastal areas observe closely the harmful environmental effects, and they have a higher level of awareness about tourism. If their attitude leads to their support of tourism activities, the simultaneous satisfaction of the tourist and the host community will realize the sustainable development of tourism. Place attachment which is an emotional relationship between people, communities and place motivates people to pay attention about the environment and encourage others to do the same. During recent years, the Babolsar was exposed to many environmental problems that could be seen even in the seasons of tourism decline. Therefore, it is important to examine the sustainable behavior of its residents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of residents' attitude and place attachment on their environmental responsible behavior. Methodology: The research is descriptive-analytical based on nature and practical based on purpose. The statistical population of the research are the residents of Babolsar city. After estimating the sample size through the Morgan method and considering the limitations caused by the outbreak of the coronavirus epidemic at the time of the research, it was possible to reach 308 people. The documentary-library method was used to study the past evidence and to compile the theoretical foundations and literature review. Then the conceptual model was designed. The tool of data collection was the researcher made questionnaire, and its validity was confirmed by the experts. The items of the questionnaire were extracted from past studies, and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient after the final designing. SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data. Results and discussion: T-test was used to estimate the correlation between variables. Based on this test, if the absolute value of the t-statistic between two variables becomes greater than 1.96 and its significance level becomes less than 0.05, there is a significant relationship between the two variables at the 95% confidence level. The results showed that the perceived benefit has no effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior, but it has a significant effect on promotion of environmental responsible behavior. Perceived cost has effect neither on compliance of environmental responsible behavior nor on promotion of environmental responsible behavior. Place dependence has a significant effect on both perceived benefit and perceived cost. Place dependence has the effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior while there is no relationship between place dependence and promotion of environmental responsible behavior. The place identity has no effect on compliance environmental responsible behavior, but it has a significant effect on promotion of environmental responsible behavior. The place dependence can play a mediating role in the relationship between place identity and compliance of environmental responsible behavior, but it can’t play a mediating role in the relationship between place identity and promotion of environmental responsible behavior. Perceived benefit doesn’t play a mediating role between place dependence and compliance of environmental responsible behavior, but this variable plays a mediating role between place dependence and promoting environmental responsible behavior. Perceived cost plays mediating role neither in the relationship between place dependence and compliance of environmental responsible behavior nor in the relationship between place dependence and promotion of environmental responsible behavior. Finally, the goodness of fit index of the model (0.342) showed that the model has strong predictive power. The eta correlation coefficient was used to prove the relationship between the education, birthplace, length of life, age and economic participation in tourism with the attitude of residents. The results of the relationship of each of the variables with the attitude showed a number higher than 0.3 which shows that there is a significant relationship between each of these demographic characteristics with the attitude of the residents. Conclusion: In examining the relationship between the perceived benefit and the dimensions of environmental responsible behavior, there is only a significant relationship between the perceived benefit and the promotion of environmental responsible behavior. There is no relationship between perceived cost and dimensions of the environmental responsible behavior. It is suggested to provide useful information about the benefits of tourism to the residents through the media. Citizens' rights should be taken into account in planning, and integrated planning should be made with their participation. Place dependence affected both perceived benefit and perceived cost. More attention should be paid to citizens' suggestions regarding various problems in the city. In examining the effect of place dependence on the dimensions of the environmental responsible behavior, only the relationship between place dependence and compliance of environmental responsible behavior is proven. It is suggested to consider events with the participation of residents in which rewards are given to people who are supporters of the environment. In examining the effect of place identity on the dimensions of environmental responsible behavior, only a positive relationship between place identity and promotion of environmental responsible behavior is proven. In examining the mediating role of place dependence in the relationship between place identity and environmental responsible behavior, only this relationship is proved that place identity through place dependence has an effect on compliance of environmental responsible behavior. It is suggested that the urban elements that express the identity of the residents should always be preserved and improved. In examining the mediating role of attitude in the relationship between place attachment and environmental responsible behavior, only the mediating role of perceived benefit between place attachment and the promotion of environmental responsible behavior is confirmed. It is suggested to provide educational programs in which the importance of environmental behaviors is clarified for people. Finally, the results of the surveys showed that each of education, birthplace, length of life, age and economic activity has a great impact on people's attitude toward tourism development. Therefore, it is suggested that the effect of these factors should also be investigated as a moderating variable in future researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
614 - The Initial Designing & Modeling of the ECU of LOGAN Series Automobile Based on Environmental Disturbance Fault Tolerant Using a Combination of Methods SPRIT3E & TMR
mohammad reza Ebrahim zade -
Open Access Article
615 - A Fuzzy Goal-Programming Model for Optimization of Sustainable Supply Chain by Focusing on the Environmental and Economic Costs and Revenue: A Case Study
Mohammad Reza Zamanian Ehsan Sadeh Zeinolabedin Amini Sabegh Reza Ehtesham Rasi -
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616 - A mathematical model for balancing (cost-time-quality and environmental risks) in oil and gas projects and solving it by multi-objective Bee Colony Algorithm
Hossein Ali Heydari Heresh Soltanpanah Ayub Rahimzadeh -
Open Access Article
617 - CEO Risk-Taking Incentives based on Environmental Sustainability
Mohsen Rashidi Baqhi -
Open Access Article
618 - Using Contingency Approach to Improve Firms’ Financial Performance Forecasts
Saman Mousanezhad Esfandyar Mohammadi Rahmatolah Mohammadipour Farshad Sabzalipour -
Open Access Article
619 - Effects of abiotic factors on population of Brevicoryne brassicae L. on canola crop in Varamin
A. A. Keyhanian M. V. TaghaddosiCabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. is one of the most important insect pests of canola crop causing qualitative and quantitive damage by sucking plant sap. Field studies during 2001-2003 revealed that pest starts attacking the canola fields in different times of th MoreCabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. is one of the most important insect pests of canola crop causing qualitative and quantitive damage by sucking plant sap. Field studies during 2001-2003 revealed that pest starts attacking the canola fields in different times of the season over the cultivation areas of the country. Under Tehran province (Varamin region) conditions initial infestation and the establishment of colonies of aphid were observed on young seedling of canola (winter crops) during November and subsequent spread of infestation occurred after cold period of winter in February and March. Maximum population of B. brassicae L. was recorded during April-May. The multiplication of the aphid is governed by day time abiotic factors like temperature, humidity, and sunshine. Path coefficient analysis of the impact of the abiotic factors showed that minimum temperature, minimum relative humidity and sunshine imposed direct positive effect on the pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
620 - Modeling and environmental risk assessment of Eastern Alborz Coal washing plant
Reza Ghaedrahmati Hayati Hayati Asghar Azizi -
Open Access Article
621 - Environmental impact assessment and sustainability level determination in cement plants (Case study: Shahrood cement plant)
Farhang Sereshki Amir SaffariFocusing on environmental impact assessment as a new tool to determine the harmful effects of projects on the environment is very necessary. The establishment of cement plants in Iran is accompanied by huge investments that aim to create jobs and have others economic as MoreFocusing on environmental impact assessment as a new tool to determine the harmful effects of projects on the environment is very necessary. The establishment of cement plants in Iran is accompanied by huge investments that aim to create jobs and have others economic aspects; this trend is on the rise. However, cement plants contribute to environmental pollutions. Therefore, understanding the effect of activities in these potentially polluting centres will greatly help determine future strategies. For the control and prevention of pollution, it is necessary to use a model for the quantitative assessment of environmental impacts. In this study, the Folchi method has been using to recognize and identify environmental pollution by cement plants and effective solutions to decrease the negative impacts of environmental pollution by Shahrood cement plant. According to the results, the contamination generated by the plant, especially for environmental components such as air quality, area landscape, soil of the area, ecology, and area usage are more significant than other environmental components. The EIA results are then obtained and used to assess the sustainability of the complex using Phillips mathematical model. The obtained results indicate that this complex is unsustainable; therefore, preventive environmental activities must be recommended with a preference to reduce environmental damages through its components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
622 - Investigating the Effects of Production Cooperative Companies on Sustainable Agricultural in City of Jahrom
Morad Behjani Syamak PishbinThe purpose of this study was to study the impact of the production cooperative on agricultural production and sustainable development and agricultural mechanization in Jahrom in 2021. The aim of this study was applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive resear MoreThe purpose of this study was to study the impact of the production cooperative on agricultural production and sustainable development and agricultural mechanization in Jahrom in 2021. The aim of this study was applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive research in terms of data collection. The statistical population in the present study includes all members of the companies of the Production Cooperative Company in Simakan region with 606 people, with the formula of calculating the volume of Cochran, 235 of them were selected as the sample size and simple random sampling method. The data measurement tool in this study is a researcher-made questionnaire. Required information was obtained to measure agricultural production and sustainable development with a researcher-made questionnaire tool that included 25 questions and three subscales. After analyzing the statistical data by SPSS software, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between the Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development Cooperative Company. There was also a significant relationship between the Cooperative of Production and Environmental Development, and the results showed that the Production Cooperative Company has an impact on economic development in the Jahrom region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
623 - Ecological and Economic Effects of Land Equipping and Renovation in Irrigated Wheat Production in Hamadan Province
Mohammad Abdolmaleky Fereshteh YazdaniThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the ecological and economic effects of the land equipping and renovation plan in the irrigated wheat production. Therefore, the environmental sustainability of wheat production by the ecological footprint and its product MoreThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the ecological and economic effects of the land equipping and renovation plan in the irrigated wheat production. Therefore, the environmental sustainability of wheat production by the ecological footprint and its production efficiency by data envelopment analysis were measured. The statistical population consisted of wheat farmers from Kheradmand village in the Hamadan province, who have participated in the land equipping and renovation plan and who hadn't participated. The sample size for the participating farmers is 73 and for the non-participating farmers is 74. Data were collected through a questionnaire in a cross-sectional study, using of census method, and were analyzed with SPSS26 and DEAP2.1 software. The average GHG for participant and non-participant farmers in the land reform plan was measured at 778/15 and 1003 kg co2 eq ha-1, respectively. The EF index for these two groups was estimated at 2.39 and 2.44 gha, respectively which there was a significant difference at the 0/01 level. Based on the results of data envelopment analysis, average technical, allocation and economic efficiency were estimated at 0.866, 0.893, and 0.797 respectively, for the equipped and renovated lands, and at 0.863, 0.889, and 0.791 for the not equipped and renovated lands which there was no significant difference between these two types of lands at 0.01 level. According to the results of calculating the carbon emissions indices, the environmental sustainability of the equipped and renovated lands is in better condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
624 - Evaluation of the Effects of Human Hazards on the Instability of Natural Resources and the Rural Environment in the Central Part of Alborz, Qazvin Province
Vahid Bigdeli Rad Shahram MalekiThe instability of natural and environmental resources in rural areas in the occurrence of factors such as the destruction of non-renewable natural resources such as water and fossil fuels, the destruction of the environment and the destruction of animal and plant speci MoreThe instability of natural and environmental resources in rural areas in the occurrence of factors such as the destruction of non-renewable natural resources such as water and fossil fuels, the destruction of the environment and the destruction of animal and plant species, the collapse of the regional ecosystem and ecology, migration and its consequences on society, have a great impact It will have a critical and vital effect on this area. One of the ways to deal with these problems is to identify and understand the existing conditions of the natural and environmental resources governing the villages by using criteria to evaluate the impact of human hazards on the instability of natural and environmental resources. In the present research, first, the criteria for measuring human risks in the instability of natural and environmental resources in rural areas were identified, and then, in the analytical stage, these criteria were evaluated and ranked using the hierarchical analysis method. In this evaluation of water wastage, unauthorized wells and excessive livestock grazing had the greatest impact on the instability of natural resources. In the following, it was found that Lea industrial town, Piryousfian village and Meshaldar village had the greatest impact and Kisht and Sanat Company and Minodar Company had the least impact on the instability of natural and environmental resources caused by human hazards in the central part of Alborz city Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
625 - Business Environment: Designing and Explaining the New Environmental Hostility Model in Small and Medium Enterprises
Bijan Rezaei Sohrab Delangizan Atieh Khodaei -
Open Access Article
626 - IT - Business Strategic Alignment and Organizational Agility: The Moderating Role of Environmental Uncertainty
Sepideh Heydari Mehrdad Hosseini Shakib Abbas Khamseh -
Open Access Article
627 - The Impact of Business Intelligence on Marketing Performance with Moderating Role of Environmental Turbulence
Ali Bazaee Hassan Karimian -
Open Access Article
628 - Explaining Social Criteria in Measuring Urban Environment Quality with Emphasis on Physical activity (Case study: Hijab Neighborhood)
Helia Sareminia -
Open Access Article
629 - Strengthening the Focus of Autistic Children with an Environmental Psychology Approach
Mohamad Hussein Arabani Cyrus Bavar -
Open Access Article
630 - Investigating the Role of Environmental Comfort on Citizens' Behavior in an Urban Street: A Case Study of Khosravi Street, Mashhad
farnoosh vazin -
Open Access Article
631 - Towards Determining the Priorities in Areas of Physical Intervention Through Identification of Environmental Qualities in Urban Informal Fabrics
shirin shahideh Mohammad Hadi Kaboli Fariborz Dolat Abadi Vahid Shali Amini -
Open Access Article
632 - Investigation and Evaluation of the Ecological Architecture Components from the Perspective of Designers and Special Users in Multi-Functional Buildings Case Study: Padideh Complex of Mashhad City
Hamid HamedSardar saeid Tizghalam Zonouzi Shooka Khoshbakht Bahramani -
Open Access Article
633 - A Review of Physical and Environmental Components of Habitat Design on Mars
Atieh Dezfouli Kamal Rahbari Manesh Mohammad Mehdi Kheirikhah Jamaloddin Soheili -
Open Access Article
634 - An Investigation of the Effect of Environmental Security Component on the Mental Health of Citizens in Urban Spaces: A Case Study of Janbaz Square in Mashhad
Nadia arbab Sanaz Saedi Monfared -
Open Access Article
635 - Using A Choice Experiment to Measure the Development of Large Urban Redevelopment Projects: The Case of Tehran Urban Redevelopment Project
Mojtaba Rafieian Ali Asgary Zahra Asgarizadeh -
Open Access Article
636 - Evaluation of the Environmental Impact of Khurshid Park through Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM)
Sanaz Saeedi Mofrad Mahdi Taleb Elm Ali Izadi -
Open Access Article
637 - Application of DPSIR Conceptual Framework in Analyzing the Impact of the Type and Level of Physical – qualitative Changes on Urban Construction
Sina Ataee Ali Soltani Kalil Hajipoor -
Open Access Article
638 - Identification and evaluation of physical indicators affecting emergency accommodation and safe places with physical resilience approach Case study: District 11 of Mashhad
Hamideh Deloui Sanaz Saeidi Mofrad -
Open Access Article
639 - The Environmental and Social Manifestation of Islamic-Iranian Urban and Architectural Configuration
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani -
Open Access Article
640 - Determination of the Environmental Design Factors Contributing to Children’s Creativity Based on the Concepts of Shahnameh
Hassan Rezaei Ali Kazemi Sude Farrokhfar Sare Farrokhfar -
Open Access Article
641 - Study of Effective Internal and External Factors on Women's Entrepreneurship
هاجر Aramoon حبیب الله Mirghafori حبیب Zare Ahmad AbadiIn the recent decades women's entrepreneurship issues have been concerned by the official authorities in order to solve the women's unemployment problem. Although in the past; they did not distinguish between the factors affecting men and women entrepreneurship. But wit MoreIn the recent decades women's entrepreneurship issues have been concerned by the official authorities in order to solve the women's unemployment problem. Although in the past; they did not distinguish between the factors affecting men and women entrepreneurship. But with regard to personality and cognitive differences between men and women, the researchers gradually have differed between the factors affecting men and women entrepreneurship. Since the clothing industry of Yazd is one of the oldest industries in which women's ability to have been exhibited, our purpose in this paper was to identify the internal and external factors affecting women's entrepreneurial activities and studying the relationship between them and the influence of these factors. For this purpose the researcher designed a questionnaire with 55 items. The statistical sample included all the women who have been done entrepreneurship in Yazd clothing industry. In order to test research hypothesis, regression analysis was implemented. Results showed that internal factors including individual attributes, recognizable attributes, role pattern, social culture, organizational components had significant direct linear relationship and environmental components including accessibility of resource and environmental dynamism have nonlinear relationship with woman’s entrepreneurship. Notable point was the mediator roles of environmental factors in relationship to other variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
642 - Study of Female Teachers knowledge on Environmental Issues
Nafiseh Salehy Azita KoushafarWomen via food, water, household waste and energy management at home could create very positive results to maintain the environment. The purpose of environmental education was to increase awareness and or the ability to recognize and describe the environmental MoreWomen via food, water, household waste and energy management at home could create very positive results to maintain the environment. The purpose of environmental education was to increase awareness and or the ability to recognize and describe the environmental issues so the people can acquire skills or to develop methods to solve environmental problems. The aim of this study was to estimate the environmental education objectives, assess the level of knowledge of teachers in secondary schools in the Ahvaz region 4 in relation to environmental issues in 1393 .100 questionnaires containing 17 items were distributed in 4 schools in Ahwaz region. Collected data were analyzed with descriptive methods. The results showed the necessity of environmental education in the community and lack of environmental information. The sample teachers stated lack of environmental responsibility and ignorance, and ignorance of the people were as causes of environmental issues worsening. A large number of teachers remarked that direct education to students and educational workshops were to be considering as effective methods. The most important environmental problems in the country according to the respondents was the lack of environmental responsibility, the current energy crisis, air pollution and waste disposal. Such estimation reflected the low teachers ' knowledge of environmental problems. Because problems such as degradation and depletion of natural resources, global warming and population growth are far more important than the broader principles of waste disposal. Therefore, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education should consider a series of scientifc studies and environmental planning related to the environment in course content in different ways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
643 - Effects of Paclobutrazol Application on Plants as a Chilling Stress Ameliorator
Mahroo Mojtabaie Zamani -
Open Access Article
644 - محاسبه نیاز آب زیست محیطی حوضه کارون بزرگ و زیرحوضه آبریز کارون علیا
کاظم حمادی لیلا نوذریان هوشنگ حسونی زادهنیاز محیط زیست رودخانه، مقدار آبی است که برای حفظ شرایط طبیعی اکولوژیکی و سلامت کیفی آب رودخانه مورد نیاز می باشد. در این پژوهش برآورد نیاز آبی زیست محیطی رودخانه های کارون، دز، کارون بزرگ و زیر حوضه بهشت آباد (کارون علیا) با استفاده از روش هیدرولوژیکی مونتانا و روش هید Moreنیاز محیط زیست رودخانه، مقدار آبی است که برای حفظ شرایط طبیعی اکولوژیکی و سلامت کیفی آب رودخانه مورد نیاز می باشد. در این پژوهش برآورد نیاز آبی زیست محیطی رودخانه های کارون، دز، کارون بزرگ و زیر حوضه بهشت آباد (کارون علیا) با استفاده از روش هیدرولوژیکی مونتانا و روش هیدرولوژیکی پیشنهادی مبتنی بر تحلیل فراوانی جریان در حالت طبیعی و استفاده از چندک ها صورت گرفت. برآورد ها نشان می دهد که نیاز آبی زیست محیطی شاخه کارون حدود 4800، شاخه دز 3000 ، کارون بزرگ 8000 و زیر حوضه بهشت آباد حدود 800 میلیون مترمکعب در سال می باشدکه در این صورت آب مازاد برای انتقال از سد و تونل بهشت آباد به فلات مرکزی وجود نخواهد داشت و این زیرحوضه فقط توانایی تأمین مصارف درون خود، انتقال آب از طریق تونلهای کوهرنگ و نیاز زیست محیطی خود را دارا است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
645 - ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی (EIA) انتقال آب بین حوضه ای با استفاده از روش ماتریس ICOLD (مطالعه موردی: تونل کوهرنگ 3)
حسین محمدی احمدمحمودی مهدی رادفر رسول میرعباسی نجف آبادیطرح­های انتقال آب بین­حوضه­ای با روش­های اجرایی معمول مانند خطوط لوله، کانال و احداث تونل انجام می­شوند و بدون شک انتقال آب با روش­ حفر تونل مانند سایر طرحهای عمرانی دارای اثرات و پیامدهای زیست­محیطی فراوانی می­باشد که ضرورت دارد در مراح Moreطرح­های انتقال آب بین­حوضه­ای با روش­های اجرایی معمول مانند خطوط لوله، کانال و احداث تونل انجام می­شوند و بدون شک انتقال آب با روش­ حفر تونل مانند سایر طرحهای عمرانی دارای اثرات و پیامدهای زیست­محیطی فراوانی می­باشد که ضرورت دارد در مراحل مختلف اجرای طرح شامل احداث و بهره­برداری، مورد ارزیابی اثرات زیست­محیطی قرار بگیرند. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی اثرات زیست­محیطی (EIA) تونل کوهرنگ 3 در مرحله احداث است. در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش ماتریس ICOLD (کمیسیون بین­المللی سدهای بزرگ جهان) اثرات زیست­محیطی شامل: محیط­های فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی، اقتصادی،-اجتماعی و فرهنگی تونل کوهرنگ 3 بررسی و مطالعه شد. روش ماتریس ICOLD این قابلیت را دارد که با ارزیابی میزان اثرات کیفی زیست­محیطی طرح­ها آنها را به صورت داده­های کمی در چارچوب ماتریس نشان بدهد. تونل سوم کوهرنگ به طول 1/24 کیلومتر به­ منظور انتقال آب به میزان حدود 255 میلیون مترمکعب در سال، جهت تأمین بخشی از نیاز آبی فلات مرکزی ایران در شهرستان کوهرنگ استان چهارمحال ­و بختیاری طراحی و احداث شد. در این پژوهش برای اولین بار اثرات زیست­محیطی فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی، اقتصادی،-اجتماعی و فرهنگی تونل کوهرنگ 3 با استفاده از روش ماتریس آیکولد بررسی و مطالعه شد. یافته­های این پژوهش نشان داد تونل کوهرنگ 3 در مجموع دارای 705 اثر مثبت و منفی است که شامل 244 اثر مثبت و 461 اثر منفی است. سهم آثار مثبت حدود 5/34 درصد و سهم آثار منفی 5/65 درصد می­باشد. تونل کوهرنگ 3 با 627 امتیاز دارای اثرات منفی عمده بر روی محیط­زیست منطقه بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
646 - Green Supplier Evaluation and Selection Using TOPSIS & DEMATEL (Case Study: Fulad Gilan Company)\
Sara Abbaszadeh Tavassoli Soroush Avakh Darestani Mitra Abbaszadeh TavassoliAn important factor of survival in today’s competitive environment is to reduce production costs of products. Choosing the right suppliers can significantly reduce procurement costs and increase the competitiveness of the organization. Increasing concerns about en MoreAn important factor of survival in today’s competitive environment is to reduce production costs of products. Choosing the right suppliers can significantly reduce procurement costs and increase the competitiveness of the organization. Increasing concerns about environmental warnings have attracted the attention of customers, governments, and organizations and resulted to take care about environmental requirements for products production. As the majority of products components and its material supply from external suppliers, consideration of supply process indicators is important. Greening supply chain process is an opportunity for those people are taking care of sustainable demand and environmental business performances. We employed TOPSIS to weight and rank and DEMATEL to evaluate relationships of indicators. After computing the weight of indicators, quality received the highest score, as well as environmental performance, achieved the lowest score in our evaluation. After ranking indicators, it has resulted that environmental management and reverse logistic received the highest and lowest in our assessment. The cause and effect relationship of supplier selection indicators in Fulad Gilan Company shows that the reverse logistic, environmental performance as well as cost are the most unaffected rather than other indicators and also the impact of environmental performance, cost and supplier collaboration are higher than other indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
647 - Combining Green Marketing and Industrial Clusters with Special Offer for Green Industrial Cluster to Exit from Environmental Crisis in Iran
Mehrdad Alipour Hossien Badieye Seyed Mehdi MonirieOne of the current issues of industrial investments in the world is the advent of various problems which the environmental catastrophe is one of the most common one triggering negative consequences and outcomes in the performance of industrial units' activities. Present MoreOne of the current issues of industrial investments in the world is the advent of various problems which the environmental catastrophe is one of the most common one triggering negative consequences and outcomes in the performance of industrial units' activities. Presenting the model of green industrial clusters, in this research, we immersed to survey the combination of green marketing with the industrial cluster to demonstrate techniques of overcoming the environmental crises of the country. Since qualitative approach seemed suitable for various questions and objectives of the research, we utilized it for selecting samples, collecting and analyzing data, reaching a conclusion and answering the research questions. The methods for collecting data were limited to discussions, documents, and interviews. Since the method of sampling was purposeful, saturation theory was utilized for defining the size of the sample. Experts from the ministry of industries, mines, and commerce, small industrial organization, and firms in industrial towns of Iran were interviewed. Therefore, the results demonstrated that all three factors, namely, green productivity, the technology of clean production, and green management, can provide a way to approach towards the green industrial cluster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
648 - The role of education in environmental protection
Azam NikookarIntroduction: Given that the present study examines the role of education in environmental protection. research methodology: the research method was applied in terms of purpose, cross-sectional in terms of the time of research, quantitative in terms of the data t MoreIntroduction: Given that the present study examines the role of education in environmental protection. research methodology: the research method was applied in terms of purpose, cross-sectional in terms of the time of research, quantitative in terms of the data type, and descriptive-correlation in terms of the method of data collection or the nature and method of research. The statistical population of the present study included all primary school teachers in Tehran with 4300 people. Using the sample size calculation in structural equations and stepwise cluster random sampling method, 700 people were selected as the sample size. Two questionnaires were used to collect data. First, the standard environmental attention questionnaire of Emamgholi (2011) was used to measure environmental attention. Second, Salehi and Ghaemi Asl's environmental protection education questionnaire (2013) was used. After collecting the questionnaires, describing the data through means, standard deviation, etc. through SPSS21 software and statistical inference of data through structural equation modeling using LISREL-v8.80 software were done. The technical characteristics of the questionnaires including reliability, convergent and divergent validity were examined. The content validitiy and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed by the specialist and the reliability of the questionnaires were assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The path coefficients and significance coefficients of the software were used to test the research hypotheses. Findings: The results indicated that education is related to environmental protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
649 - Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on dimensions of physical health, mental health, environmental health and social relations (quality of life)
MohammadKazem Fakhri Ramezan Hasanzadeh Sima EbrahimiThis research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on dimensions of physical health, mental health, environmental health and social relations. The present study was a semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with cont MoreThis research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on dimensions of physical health, mental health, environmental health and social relations. The present study was a semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The research population was infertile women who referred to infertility clinics of Tehran city in 2018 year. The research sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal groups (each group 15 people). The experimental group trained 8 sessions of 90-minute with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy method and the control group were placed on the waiting list for training. Data were collected by quality of life questionnaire (World Health Organization, 2004) and analyzed with the methods of independent t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-18 software. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of physical health, mental health, environmental health and social relations in infertile women. In the other words, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy led to improve their physical health, mental health, environmental health and social relations (P<0/001). Based on the results, it is suggested that use from mindfulness-based cognitive therapy method for improve the quality of life in infertile women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
650 - Avatar: A Cinematic Convergence of Science, Technology and Art
Mohammad Hadi Sameni Majid Kowsari Rahim Pendar Faranak ShahmoradiABSTRACT Avatar by James Cameron is a visual narration of an ambitious journey of man to the planet Pandora to obtain a rare mineral, “unobtainium.” The mission cannot be accomplished until the indigenous are displaced and “Tree-of-Life,” the res MoreABSTRACT Avatar by James Cameron is a visual narration of an ambitious journey of man to the planet Pandora to obtain a rare mineral, “unobtainium.” The mission cannot be accomplished until the indigenous are displaced and “Tree-of-Life,” the residence of the people, grown on the land of the mine is felled. U.S. Troops on the mission are accompanied by a scientific team led by Dr. Grace Augustine. They try to send Jake Sully, the paraplegic solider, into the aborigines’ community via an artificial body made out of human and Na’vi DNAs, called “Avatar” to study aborigines and possibly convince them to surrender peacefully. Yet, this never happens as Colonel Miles Quaritch, the military commander, chooses to accomplish the mission by force. The war between intruders and inhabitants brings about a huge amount of environmental damage and oppression of resisting people, especially the women. At the heart of war, Cameron projects the love story of Jake and Neytiri from Pandora leading to Jake’s disillusionment with reality of life in Pandora. Avatar, rich in theme and subject matter reconstructs the history of discovery and colonisation of Australia and brings to the fore concerns of contemporary man including the consumption of natural resources, eco-devastation, and man-woman relationship which is cast into the framework of science fiction. In this sense, a virtual image-body that represents individuals in computer-generated terrains provides a reference to the future of virtual technology and an implication to the rise of new political powers from Asia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
651 - Providing an effective model of in-service training courses in government organizations using a hybrid approach
sadegh feizollahiThe purpose of this research is to present an effective model of in-service training courses in government organizations using a hybrid approach. In order to achieve this important goal, the researcher has adopted a hybrid approach. The current research, in terms of its MoreThe purpose of this research is to present an effective model of in-service training courses in government organizations using a hybrid approach. In order to achieve this important goal, the researcher has adopted a hybrid approach. The current research, in terms of its purpose, is in the category of applied research. Based on this, they examined 109 previous researches related to the objectives of the present study using the seven-stage model of Sandelowski and Barroso and gathered, combined and interpreted the findings of these researches in order to develop a comprehensive, new and innovative picture of Provide an effective model of in-service training courses. The expansion of the presented model is one of the strengths and innovations of this research. In this research, the effective model of in-service training courses, 181 final codes, in the form of 14 categories and three main dimensions (structural, behavioral, environmental requirements) have been identified and presented Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
652 - Investigating Parameters Affecting the Performance of Hybrid Cooling Tower in Steam Power Plant
Abbas kosarineia Atheer Abdel-Latif-Al-Doukhi-ZakiOne of the biggest consumers of water is fossil energy plants, and most of this water consumption is in cooling systems. The considered power plant (reference power plant) in this research has a 100 MW unit in full load mode. Cooling towers have a high cooling capacity, MoreOne of the biggest consumers of water is fossil energy plants, and most of this water consumption is in cooling systems. The considered power plant (reference power plant) in this research has a 100 MW unit in full load mode. Cooling towers have a high cooling capacity, but their high-water consumption due to the use of evaporative cooling causes steam to escape from the opening of the tower and be expelled it into the atmosphere. Wet towers provide lower temperatures than dry towers and as a result higher efficiency, but they have high water consumption. In this research, the environmental parameters affecting the compensatory water consumption required by the hybrid cooling towers (wet-dry) are investigated. Using cycle tempo software, simulation has been done to evaluate the performance of hybrid cooling towers in environmental conditions. The comparison of the volume of compensating water in the same cooling cycle, where only the hybrid cooling tower was replaced by the cooling tower, showed that it is possible to reduce the water consumption in the cooling process by 20% by using the hybrid cooling tower. Also, the use of hybrid tower cooling means that the increase in ambient temperature up to 30 degrees does not affect the amount of electricity produced by the power plant, and the amount of electricity produced in the power plant does not change with the increase in air humidity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
653 - Evaluate the performance of urban furniture in improving the quality of environmental graphics (Case study: Sadeghieh neighborhood of Tehran)
katayoun teymourian Parvaneh Zivyar Seyed Mani EsnaasharyToday, the important and role of urban furniture is an essential component of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of urban furniture in improving the quality of environmental graphic in Sadeghieh neighborhood of Tehran. The methodology gover MoreToday, the important and role of urban furniture is an essential component of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of urban furniture in improving the quality of environmental graphic in Sadeghieh neighborhood of Tehran. The methodology governing the research is descriptive –analytical and in terms of purpose is applied research. The method of date collection in the present study is documentary-filed and has been used to develop theoretical foundation and extract research indicators in the form of a questionnaire to improve the quality of environmental graphics. In analyzing the research finding, statistical test in the form of Spss software have been used to investigate the factors affecting urban furniture in improving the quality of environmental graphics. In analyzing the research findings, factor affecting the performance of urban furniture such as physical factors (10 items), economic factors (8items) and social factors (8items) have been used. Coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the criteria. The results showed that there is a direct correlation between two social and economic criteria with 95% confidence. In calculating the correlation between economic and physical dimensions, since the significance level of the relationship between these two criteria was less than 0.01; therefore, it can be said that is relationship between the economic and physical dimensions with 99% confidence. The results of multivariate regression calculation between independent variable and dependent variable showed that there is a linear relationship between independent and dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
654 - The role of environmental psychology knowledge in the design of airport passenger terminals
Arezo ZandimohebThe environment is built for human activities, so planning in the design of the airport passenger terminal must understand and consider the nature of the environment, behavior, needs, and comfort of consumers. This research aims to spread knowledge between the two field MoreThe environment is built for human activities, so planning in the design of the airport passenger terminal must understand and consider the nature of the environment, behavior, needs, and comfort of consumers. This research aims to spread knowledge between the two fields of environmental psychology and Architectural design of airport terminals so that those present at the airport terminal have more interaction with the environment. The sub-goal is to investigate the physical factors and components affecting spatial behavior and to find appropriate strategies to improve the quality of the terminal structure. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of technique is qualitative research that uses the content analysis method. By analyzing the texts in the fields of environmental psychology and architectural design of airport terminals, design priorities, and the way of human perception of the terminal environment are discovered and solutions are proposed. Data collection is based on documentation. The general steps include identifying the problem, finding the question and purpose, defining the topics, coding and categorizing, analyzing and finding the results, and finally preparing the report. The results showed that in the two-way relationship between the environment and humans, marking enhances the capability of the environment and is important to create a sense of belonging to the terminal, navigation, identify the environment and predict the space when the environment is unfamiliar to the passenger. Combining the physical space and environment responds to human behaviors and supports social interaction in the design of the airport terminal. The right to choose and ensure individual independence is calibrated through guidance and routing. Architectural details are important in guiding humans, and to influence behaviors, different camps, and behavioral locations can be designed and created by changing lighting, type of texture, materials, and changes in the surrounding environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
655 - Policy & explain the effective components of the concept of privacy on promoting environmental security in ecotourism resorts (Case Study: Matin Abad and Swans Farm Eco-Resorts)
Matin Gholipour Jamaleddin SoheiliToday, security is one of the most basic needs of human societies after the known physiological needs and various factors are effective in creating security, in which we cannot ignore the important role of the environment and each person's perception of the environ MoreToday, security is one of the most basic needs of human societies after the known physiological needs and various factors are effective in creating security, in which we cannot ignore the important role of the environment and each person's perception of the environment called privacy. Therefore, research objectives to study and achieve the indicators and physical components that are effective in obtaining privacy in ecotourism resorts and their relationship in creating and promoting environmental security and its feeling by tourists in this type of resorts. Descriptive-analytical method based on survey method is the method of this research . The statistical population is the two eco-tourism resorts of Matin Abad near Kashan and Swans Farm in Lahijan. In data analysis, SPSS software with version 24 and for reliability of questions, Cronbach's alpha and in examining the normality of research variables Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. To examine the first hypothesis , the correlation between the two variables of environmental security and privacy, Pearson correlation test, to examine the effect of privacy variable on environmental security, simple linear regression test was used, and to examine the second hypothesis , the ranking the indicators of the privacy variable, the Friedman coefficient test was used. Finally, we came to the conclusion that providing privacy is one of the effective factors in promoting environmental security in the architectural design of ecotourism resorts and these two variables have a significant relationship with each other and also indicators of privacy variables are significantly different from each other in terms of their importance and effectiveness in the design of ecotourism resort, and among these, the diversity index has the highest priority. So combination of open, semi-open and closed spaces scattered , the multiplicity of open spaces with different sizes and uses between closed spaces should be given special importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
656 - Factors affecting the acceptance and use of electronic commerce among the members of the faculty of physical education and sports sciences
sardar mohammadi Reza ShafeiRecent advances in information and communication technology have followed a new wave of public acceptance to use this new advantage. E-commerce is considered one of these new benefits in line with the expansion of virtual businesses. In this regard, universities always MoreRecent advances in information and communication technology have followed a new wave of public acceptance to use this new advantage. E-commerce is considered one of these new benefits in line with the expansion of virtual businesses. In this regard, universities always play an important role in the development of electronic commerce as the origin of production and helping to accept technology. The present study investigated the factors affecting the acceptance and use of electronic commerce among the members of the faculty of physical education and sports sciences in the country. The statistical population included all the members of the scientific faculty of physical education and sports sciences in the number of 150 people based on Cochran's sampling method. The measurement tool included a researcher-made questionnaire of acceptance and use of electronic commerce and personal and environmental factors questionnaires from Lee and Azizi and Haj Karimi . According to experts, confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm construct validity, Cronbach's alpha was used for their reliability, and structural equation model was used to test hypotheses. The findings showed that among individual factors, direct experience, perceived risk, and perceived benefit have the greatest effect on the level of acceptance, and direct experience, expected risk, and knowledge have the greatest effect on the level of use of electronic commerce by the members of the education faculty. He has physical and sports sciences. It seems that the main reason for the lack of acceptance of internet transactions in Iran has its roots in personal Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
657 - Analyzing the dimensions and components of environmental law with the approach of preserving resources for future generations and emphasizing the legal system of Iran
Seyedeh Nikou Mousavi Davijani Kheirollah Parvin Abdul Karim ShahiderDevelopment is a multidimensional and complex category whose importance has doubled with the progress and industrialization of countries. In this regard, the protection of the environment and the reasonable and fair use of resources in order to achieve a sustainable fut MoreDevelopment is a multidimensional and complex category whose importance has doubled with the progress and industrialization of countries. In this regard, the protection of the environment and the reasonable and fair use of resources in order to achieve a sustainable future, according to which the rights of future generations are guaranteed, is considered the duty of the international community. The concept of sustainable development and the environment in the framework of the rights of future generations, which first entered the field of international law with the adoption of the United Nations Charter in 1945 and subsequently developed in international environmental law with the issuance of the Stockholm Declaration of 1972, is significant. However, the concept of "rights of future generations" as a moral or normative principle faces many ambiguities. In this research, by reviewing the available texts and library documents, the policies of the organizations and institutions of the international community on sustainable development and the environment have been investigated. Reference to future generations has been made in a wide range of national and international legal documents, including treaties, declarations, conventions and constitutions, and national institutions have also been established in various jurisdictions with the authority to protect the interests of future generations. Most of the legal documents, both national and international, refer to the rights of future generations, such as the Stockholm Declaration and other documents. It must be said that it is very important for the earth and humanity that the present institutions learn to respect the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
658 - The international responsibility of the Persian Gulf countries for marine pollution caused by oil and gas extraction from the perspective of international marine environmental law.
mohamad masouri azade mirzaei elnaz HeraviMarine environmental international law is one of the trends in international law that tries to oblige governments to comply with the necessary laws and measures needed to maintain biological resources, organisms and the health of the seas. The presence of rich oil and g MoreMarine environmental international law is one of the trends in international law that tries to oblige governments to comply with the necessary laws and measures needed to maintain biological resources, organisms and the health of the seas. The presence of rich oil and gas resources in the sensitive and strategic region of the Persian Gulf and its environmental characteristics have recognized this region as one of the most important strategic regions in the world, which is exposed to severe environmental pollution and destruction. . The creation of these pollutions should result in civil responsibility for the polluting country under the title of international responsibility, which was the purpose of establishing an organization called RAPMI. In this article, an attempt has been made to deal with the issue by combining the articles of the Human Rights Commission and the 1978 Kuwait Convention, that if a government causes environmental pollution to enter the Persian Gulf due to oil and gas extraction, its responsibility. How is the country compared to other countries? This responsibility, which can be called the "responsibility of international marine environmental rights, needs to hold more international gatherings and meetings in order for it to become more and more realistic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
659 - Architecture School, A field of creativity development of the students
Flora Fakourian Mehdi HamzenejadBackground: Nowadays, appropriate college design is noticed due to improve the quality of education and increase the creativity of students. Many environmental psychologists and designers believe that the physical environment of the university must be organized for diff MoreBackground: Nowadays, appropriate college design is noticed due to improve the quality of education and increase the creativity of students. Many environmental psychologists and designers believe that the physical environment of the university must be organized for different abilities of users so that each individual is encouraged to engage in activities and learning process.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the design and planning of architectural educational environments. To achieve this goal, comparative analysis of the affecting components on creativity in four campus is focused: science and technology, Islamic art of Tabriz, Bahonar Kerman Isfahan art.Method: The research was based on a semi-experimental method. The statistical population were the top senior students. Universities election were baces on, two traditional and modern examples also two different historical and natural categories. Were considered. Examination contains qualitative analysis. The final design of the top senior students of these universities was selected and the impact of the environments on the creativity of the projects was examined.Finding: By emphasizing the overcome of the creative needs of John. W. Santrock: (preparation, investigation, latency, persistence, insight), the generalization of young person`s behaviors has focused on different situations (child, adult, parent). In the next step, with sufficient understanding of how the behaviors are revealed, design criteria were disscusted. Finally, qualities that impact the creativity of an architect student determined as: "spatial clarity, accessibility, and obstruction", inner and outer geometry, spaces of collective interaction, new technology, and relationship with nature. They were used to analysis of stastics population.The creativity of every young student, especially in architecture, is influenced by indirect messages taken from learning environments. Where they have bring joy and freshness, will led to satisfactory feedback and the formation of creative ideas.Conclusion: renovated Campus communities in the old urban context provides a more suitable learning Environments and is more effective on the creativity of individuals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
660 - A Psychological Meta-Analysis of the Form-Function Relation in Architectural Design Process from the Perspective of Creativity
Hossein Rezaei Ghazal Keramati Mozayan Dehbashi SharifContext: Architecture is an impressive event in human life with the nature that returns to the design process in any way, and therefore, the significant role of creativity is inevitable in its various aspects. Generally, the design is a motivated effort to satisfy human MoreContext: Architecture is an impressive event in human life with the nature that returns to the design process in any way, and therefore, the significant role of creativity is inevitable in its various aspects. Generally, the design is a motivated effort to satisfy human needs, which focuses on two main principles, form and function, on huge scale view in architecture. Thus, the relation between them is the matter always considered due to the architectural essence. Accordingly, it is important to pay attention to the prominent role of architectural creativity in recognizing and redefining this fundamental connectivity. Objective: the main aim of the present research is investigating the quiddity of the form-function relation and identifying its affecting factors based on a recognizing approach to the existence levels of human as the main user of architecture, focusing on the niche of creativity. Method: This research was conducted with a descriptive method and subsequently a qualitative content analysis equipped with a comparative-interpretative approach to identify key variables involved in related theories. Furthermore, we tried to make adequate and redefine this relationship between these concepts with logical reasoning and critical thinking. Since the analytical scrutiny of our research is developed based on the previous theoreticians’ analytical processes, it could be considered as a qualitative meta-analysis study focuses on the related anthropological dimensions. Conclusion: According to the content unity of concepts design and creativity, particularly in art and architecture, it seems to be logical that apply the concept of creativity to explain the form-function relation comprehensively. Finally, a conceptual model and associated manifest were presented that covers all of the studied theories. Explaining that the form is created on the basis of various human demands and makes possible to satisfy the basic and higher needs of mankind, by affording the functions and meta-functions in corresponding to the different dimensions of creativity used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
661 - Modeling the Effect of Organizational Environment and its Triple Dimensions on Organizational Innovation with the Role of Interagency Collaboration (Case Study: Sahar Hamadan Food Industries and Related Companies) Abstract
Morteza Moradi Rabeah Zandipak Shima MirsafdariBackground: Today, organizations utilize collaborative strategies such as inter-organizational collaboration to gain innovation, competitive advantage and address external factors in the organization environment. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investi MoreBackground: Today, organizations utilize collaborative strategies such as inter-organizational collaboration to gain innovation, competitive advantage and address external factors in the organization environment. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of inter-organizational collaboration in the relationship between organizational environment and organizational innovation. Methodology: The study is purposeful, applied, in terms of nature and method, is a descriptive-correlational survey. To test the hypotheses, a questionnaire consisting of 19 questions adjusted to the 5-point Likert scale was used. The statistical population of the study includes the staff of Sahar Hamadan food industry and its affiliated companies (Niousheh, Alvand Yaran Sahar and Shokoufeh Alvand) 210 persons. Sample size of 134 persons, based on Krejcie and Morgan table by relative stratified sampling, was calculated using Spss software, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity using Lisrel software. The path analysis model was used to analyze the data and the Sobel test was used to analyze the mediator variable. Findings and Conclusion: The results showed that the organizational environment can have a positive and significant effect on inter-organizational cooperation and indirectly (through inter-organizational collaboration); inter-organizational cooperation has a positive and significant effect. Focuses on organizational innovation. To investigate the role of mediator variable, the Sabell test method was used, the results indicate that inter-organizational cooperation plays the role of mediator variable in relation between two other variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
662 - Determining the Priority of Factors Affecting the Participation of Small and Medium Businesses in Open Innovation Activities
Shima Mesaeli Younos Vakil AlroaiaObjective: While open innovation in some circumstances is detrimental to a number of SMEs, many have benefited from the use of open innovation strategies around the world. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is providing a developed model of moderating factors MoreObjective: While open innovation in some circumstances is detrimental to a number of SMEs, many have benefited from the use of open innovation strategies around the world. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is providing a developed model of moderating factors affecting SMEs' degree of participation in open innovation activities.Method: In this regard, an appropriate model was defined by studying the literature about effective factors on the degree of SMEs' participation in open innovation activities according to Iran’s situation. In the second stage, after selecting a sample of 60 SMEs in Iran, in order to quantitatively testing the model, the data were collected by a questionnaire and were analyzed with the help of Smart PLS software. In the third stage, the relative importance of factors was tested from the perspective of 10 experts in the field of open innovation along with experienced managers of the SMEs with more than 15 years of work experience with the help of ANP and PROMETHEE methods. Results: The results showed that these factors include the parameters: Product Characteristics, Inter-organizational Factors, and Environmental Factors. Conclusion: The most important factors include Product Characteristics. Finally, several implications were made according to Iran’s conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
663 - The Role of Green Transformational Leadership and Green Human Resource Management on Green Innovation and Environmental Performance
Mehdi Sabokro Negin Ranjbaran Maryam Ahmadi zahraniBackground: Drawing upon the resource-based view, the ability-motivation-opportunity theory and social exchange theory I examined how green human resource management interplays on to the linkages amongst green transformational leadership, green innovation, and environme MoreBackground: Drawing upon the resource-based view, the ability-motivation-opportunity theory and social exchange theory I examined how green human resource management interplays on to the linkages amongst green transformational leadership, green innovation, and environmental performance. Using a survey questionnaire, I collected data from 170 employees in the Zobahan factory. Methodology: So. We used covariance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine hypotheses in this study. Results of the study suggest that green HRM practices mediate the influence of green transformational leadership on green innovation. Results: Result also found that green HRM indirectly through green innovation influences a firm's environmental performance. Overall, the findings of this study support all hypotheses of direct and indirect effects and have several theoretical and practical implications. Finally, this study significantly advances theory and suggests that the HRM-performance relationship neither depends upon the additive effect of green transformational leadership and green innovation as antecedent and mediator, respectively nor on their interactive effect but a mix of both combinational forms (i.e., additive and interactive) to affect firm environmental performance. Conclusion: Managers can achieve sustainable development by empowering their human resources through implementing green human resource management. Developing environmental protection policies, hiring people based on environmental values have an influential role in the organization.Key words: Green Transformational Leadership, Green Human Resource Management, Green Innovation, Environmental performance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
664 - Environmental evaluation on heavy metals in coastal sediments of the Bandar-e- Imam and Deylam, North Persian Gulf, Iran
Ghodratollah rostamipaydar hooman moradpourEvaluation of heavy metals is essential to monitoring of soil pollution, maintain the quality of the environment and human health. The aims of these study to assess concentrations of heavy metals in Bandar-e-Imam and Deylam coastal sediments. The data collected during 2 MoreEvaluation of heavy metals is essential to monitoring of soil pollution, maintain the quality of the environment and human health. The aims of these study to assess concentrations of heavy metals in Bandar-e-Imam and Deylam coastal sediments. The data collected during 2015, in 20 stations, 43 samples were collected from coastal sediments and heavy metals were analyzed by ICP-MS and atomic absorption. Then, statistical parameters and important geoenvironmental index such as geoaccumulation index(Igeo), Enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor(Cf), degree of contamination(Cd), Pollution load index(Pli) and ecological risk index(Er) was calculated and for the best distributoin we used inverse distance weighting interpolation (IDW) and radial basis function (RBF) with five sub-branch of the local polynomial method (LP) and global (GP). Based on the results of chemical analysis the average of the chromium, mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium is 54.27, 0.07, 5.49, 10.13 and 0.25 mg/kg respectively. As following the concentration of heavy metals is compared with similar studies in the world. The study area has a heavy manufacturing industries and harbor position, so heavy metal pollution showed a dominant performance of anthropogenic activities and in comparison, risk of contamination in the Bandar-e- Imam is higher than the Deylam shoreline. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
665 - Classification and Separation of mine wastes in Chadurmalu iron ore mine in order to decrease in environmental impacts rate
Seyed Hamid Reza Mirahmadi Amir Hossien Bangian TabriziOne of environmental issues in open pit mining is to separate and send of mine wastes with different grade to different waste dumps. In this paper the mentioned subject of short-term production planning is presented. In short-term production planning the subjects of exa MoreOne of environmental issues in open pit mining is to separate and send of mine wastes with different grade to different waste dumps. In this paper the mentioned subject of short-term production planning is presented. In short-term production planning the subjects of exact contact boundaries between ore and waste, optimizing of extracting ore grade, the sequence of ore blocks’ exploitation and waste blocks’ removal are considered. Using of boreholes’ data of one or two higher working benches is one of the easiest ways of grade estimating in mining bench. For evaluating of presented model in this research, Chadormalu iron ore mine data is used as a case study. In the case study, the place of the bench in elevation of 1465 m is determined as the target bench of production planning. Average and least of iron grade were estimated respectively 57.08% and 53.62%. So, if only estimated grade in reserve estimating step is considered in short-term production planning more than 30% of the ore block’s reserve is transferred to the waste dump. So, the presented model waste dumps with different iron ore grade is planned for potentially future uses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
666 - 〖CO〗_2 storage in aquifer crack reservoir to reduce environmental pollution: Assessing the effects of aperture and fracture orientation
Ehsan Mosavi Parniya Zafari mehran Gholinejad Continuous need for fossil fuels as a source of energy around the world and gradual velocity of renewable energy development, increasing greenhouse gases, including in the atmosphere. For this purpose, strategies to counter global warming and environmental More Continuous need for fossil fuels as a source of energy around the world and gradual velocity of renewable energy development, increasing greenhouse gases, including in the atmosphere. For this purpose, strategies to counter global warming and environmental change are important. Over the last two decades, technology developments of capture and storage in underground formations has been considered aquifer reservoirs are a good method to storage because of high potential. By dissolution of supercritical in aquifer reservoir due to salinity, pressure and temperature, brine density increased from 0.1 to 1 percent and it causes the emergence of instability and fingering in the environmental flow system and convectional mixing phenomenon. In this article, focusing on effect of aperture and fracture orientation parameters on storage in aquifer reservoir, two_dimensional simulation has been investigated by COMSOL multiphysics 4.3 software. Improving storage over a 40 years period is significant as the fracture aperture increases. Also, by reducing fracture orientation relative to vertical, fingerings will advance into aquifer and increase storage safety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
667 - Investigation of environmental dimensions of brownfield dispersion in marginal areas
Sanaz Saeidi mofradToday, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the aband MoreToday, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the abandoned areas, inefficient and in need of redevelopment in cities. There has been instability in cities. Therefore, the need to pay attention and identify these areas for sustainable intervention is extremely important. The main issue of the present study is to identify the criteria for defining brown lands and to study the environmental dimensions of the dispersion of these lands in suburban areas. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The results of the study indicate that although brown lands are structurally different from each other, but in nature have common features, so identifying these lands as potential urban potentials is an opportunity to achieve sustainable urban development, protection of urban areas and It will prevent the uncontrolled growth and destruction of agricultural lands and green areas of the suburbs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
668 - Environmental Geochemistry of Zarjoob River in Rasht City (Guilan Province)
Zahra Bahari Chahardah Shahroz Haghnazar Zarjoob River is located in north of Iran, Guilan province, Rasht city limits. During the study, the water and sediments of Zarjoob River were sampled in 5 places. According to geochemical studies on sediment and water of Zarjoob River it was found that there is More Zarjoob River is located in north of Iran, Guilan province, Rasht city limits. During the study, the water and sediments of Zarjoob River were sampled in 5 places. According to geochemical studies on sediment and water of Zarjoob River it was found that there is no environmental contamination in river's sediment but the analysis of river's water shows that the existence of elements of Cadmium, Cobalt, Mercury, Manganese, Nickel and Zinc in all samples of water specially in Rasht industrial city region and Golsar Bridge to Pirbazar are more than WHO standard and water standard of Iran. These elements' concentration changes process is affected by the arrival of urban- domestic and industrial wastewater. The concentration of these elements along the river (before, inside, and after Rasht city) has irregular changes. The amount of BOD of river's water in all stations except in one of them is more than the standard in Iran and it is due to the arrival of industrial, domestic and hospital wastewater along the river. The amount of COD in all stations is more than the water standard of Iran which is approximately 30 times more than the standards in Golsar region to Pirbazar and this indicates very severe water contamination in river. Heavy metals existed in international water enter the body of fish and other aquatic animals and they are accumulated in their body. Also the accumulation of heavy metals in plants' tissue finally enters food chain which could be the reason of developing gastrointestinal cancer and endocrine diseases in Guilan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
669 - Effective removal of mercury (II) from environmental aqueous samples using carbon nanotubes carboxylated by dispersive solid-phase extraction method
Ali Moghimi Milad Abniki Mohammd YariA very small amount of heavy metals such as mercury (II) can disrupt brain expansion and motor disabilities and generates cognitive. This study aimed to use a simple and rapid method to remove and measure small amounts of mercury (II) ions in aqueous samples. In the pre MoreA very small amount of heavy metals such as mercury (II) can disrupt brain expansion and motor disabilities and generates cognitive. This study aimed to use a simple and rapid method to remove and measure small amounts of mercury (II) ions in aqueous samples. In the present method, carbon nanotubes carboxylated have been used to improve the removal and preconcentration of mercury (II). Parameters such as extraction pH, amount and type of eluent solvent, extraction time, ion effect, etc. have been optimized for the pre-concentration of mercury (II) by the adsorbent. Absorption measurements were performed to estimate mercury (II) using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed the proper efficiency of this method in the adsorption of mercury (II) ions.The parameter of concentration, level of detection (LOD) of this procedure, and relative standard deviation test (RSD %) achieved as 20.83, 6 µg L-1, and 1.16%, respectively. The dispersive solid-phase extraction method using carbon nanotubes carboxylated adsorbent indicates suitable of the reproducibility, level of detection (LOD), and concentration factor for the determination of mercury (II), also this method was introduced as an efficient method for the removal of mercury (II) ions from environmental aqueous samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
670 - Environmental hazards of construction debris caused by earthquakes on the outskirts of Tehran
Aliasghar Amir KardoustIn the event of an earthquake environmental hazard, reinforced concrete buildings in Tehran, in addition to destroying and inflicting extensive human and financial losses, will lead to the production of construction debris and mass debris. In this study, the reliability MoreIn the event of an earthquake environmental hazard, reinforced concrete buildings in Tehran, in addition to destroying and inflicting extensive human and financial losses, will lead to the production of construction debris and mass debris. In this study, the reliability analysis in 110 concrete buildings running in area one of Tehran with the assumption of variable compressive strength of concrete and yield strength of rebar has been investigated. That is, it has compared the flexural frame and the flexural frame with the shear wall. And this is slightly higher in shear walls. Also, in all tested rebar’s (environmentally friendly), the average yield strength was higher than the nominal strength. Regarding seismic performance, shear wall structure has less general and relative displacement than flexural frame structure. The results of reliability analysis showed that the use of shear wall system instead of bending frame can reduce damage to non-structural components and consequently reduce the production of construction debris and preserve the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
671 - Evaluation of environmental effects of Ayoshan Dam using Leopold and Matrix modified matrix method
MahmoudReza Maghouli Mahmoud Zakeri Niri Masomeh SohrabiMajor Dam construction projects have increased due to the widespread climate change, because of increased drought, human population growth and, consequently, increased global demand for energy and water. However, without comprehensive research, a large project such as a MoreMajor Dam construction projects have increased due to the widespread climate change, because of increased drought, human population growth and, consequently, increased global demand for energy and water. However, without comprehensive research, a large project such as a dam will have an irreversible and unpredictable impact on the environment. A survey on the history of dam construction projects shows that many of them have been designed and exploited regardless of environmental considerations, thus causing various contamination and destruction of major parts of natural resources have been. In this research, the environmental impacts of the Eyvashan earth dam were identified in two phases of construction and exploitation on biological, physical-chemical, economic-social, cultural and strategic environments, using Leopold modified matrix and rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM). The results showed that the most negative and negative effects in the construction phases and exploitation in the modified Leopold matrix and the Rapid Impact Assessment matrix related to the physical-chemical environment. In addition, the most positive effects in construction and exploitation phases for the modified Leopold matrix are related to the strategic and socio-economic environments and for the matrix of the assessment of the Rapid Impact Assessment of the socioeconomic environment on both phases. The results show a very good fit between the two matrices and confirm the accuracy of the results in the environmental assessment of the Eyvashan Dam in two stages of construction and exploitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
672 - Investigating the Pollution of Heavy Metals at the Bottom of Solid Waste Landfill in Yazd
sara gilvari Ali Reza Mazloumi Bajestani Syed Abolfazl Kashfi Hamid Reza Rahim DelIn today's growing world that explosive population growth it has an endemic growth of residual and its specific contamination, the environmentalists' minds are concerned about the extent to which the material can endanger the environment, water, soil and MoreIn today's growing world that explosive population growth it has an endemic growth of residual and its specific contamination, the environmentalists' minds are concerned about the extent to which the material can endanger the environment, water, soil and air. The unhealthy disposal of solid waste on different organisms at different concentrations and pollution intensities will produce different effects. The purpose of this study, environmental assessment Yazd solid waste landfill for this purpose, environmental sampling of the environmental elements of the current landfill site and determine the composition of municipal solid waste was done. The results of the well water analysis showed a slightly higher concentration of some of the investigated elements in the lower reaches of the burial site than the World Health Organization's (2008) standard for drinking. Soil analysis results showed a slight increase in the concentration of some elements in and near the landfill (in the direction of the slope of the layers), compared to the Canadian standard (2004) for agriculture. The analysis of the well water in the control and sample samples was lower (far from the burial site), and the concentration of the elements was close to the normal range. In relation to the analysis of leachate, the parameters are not consistent with the irrigation and agricultural standards of the Water Pollution Control Agency (2011). Finally, it can be said that the results of the analyzes did not show the widespread and critical effects of burial on the environment, especially the urban environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
673 - Investigation of environmental dimensions of brownfield dispersion in marginal areas
Fazel Khaleghi Today, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among t More Today, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the abandoned areas, inefficient and in need of redevelopment in cities. There has been instability in cities. Therefore, the need to pay attention and identify these areas for sustainable intervention is extremely important. The main issue of the present study is to identify the criteria for defining brown lands and to study the environmental dimensions of the dispersion of these lands in suburban areas. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The results of the study indicate that although brown lands are structurally different from each other, but in nature have common features, so identifying these lands as potential urban potentials is an opportunity to achieve sustainable urban development, protection of urban areas and It will prevent the uncontrolled growth and destruction of agricultural lands and green areas of the suburbs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
674 - Environmental impact assessment of Forumad Chromite Mine in Sabzevar
Sahar TabibianMines extraction through contaminants that enter water, soil and air can cause huge environmental disasters and even endanger human health. Environmental impacts assessment is a viable solution to overcoming environmental challenges to achieve sustainable development. T MoreMines extraction through contaminants that enter water, soil and air can cause huge environmental disasters and even endanger human health. Environmental impacts assessment is a viable solution to overcoming environmental challenges to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental effects of Forumad chromite mine in Sabzevar. This research was a survey and the research method is descriptive-analytical mathematical model type which has been done in two quantitative and qualitative stages. For this purpose, all factors and components affecting the environment, including atmosphere, contains air quality and sound comfort; Biosphere contains ecology; The hydrosphere, including surface and groundwater and lithosphere, which contains land use, surface facilities, underground facilities, landscape of region and the soil of the region, was examined and scored by experts. Mineral environmental effects were evaluated and finally, by using the mathematical model of Phillips, the indicators of sustainable development of the mine in environmental components were quantified and analyzed. As respect that the value obtained for environmental components is greater than zero, the project has been evaluated as environmentally sustainable. However, the results of the environmental components indicate that the mine will damage the air quality, groundwater and soil of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
675 - Environmental Hydrogeochemistry of hot springs in Vartoun, Kouhpayeh, Esfahan
mohamad yazdi sara rezahaji pedram naviVartoun’s hot springs (Imam Reza and Morad) are located in 12Km from Vartoun Village and about 70 Km from the east of Esfahan. Petrographic and field studies show that most of the base rocks of these hot springs are Eocene limestone with composition of carbonate MoreVartoun’s hot springs (Imam Reza and Morad) are located in 12Km from Vartoun Village and about 70 Km from the east of Esfahan. Petrographic and field studies show that most of the base rocks of these hot springs are Eocene limestone with composition of carbonate (calcite or aragonite), iron oxide and hydroxide and clay minerals. According to the Wilcox diagram it is recognized that the water of these springs are saline and not appropriate for agricultural purposes. The result of Schoeller diagram indicating the amount of salt of the water in this region is higher than drinking water standard and according to Piper-tip diagram, the water in these three springs is sulfated and high saline type. The geochemical data show that the chemical compositions of the spring are not harmful for environment according to internal and international standards. The results of the research show that these waters are not suitable for industrial and irrigation purposes, but can be utilized for water treatment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
676 - ??????
Abolfazl Soltani Sarveh Mohammadi??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
677 - Environmental land use evaluation of Nir Area for city development
Akram Ojaghi Ebrahim Faeiat Maghsoud KhayyamIncreasing urban population and followed by the physical development of cities, explain how to control thedevelopment of towns and cities need to plan for future development based on sustainable developmentprinciples. Nir city in Ardabil province was located in 39 km we MoreIncreasing urban population and followed by the physical development of cities, explain how to control thedevelopment of towns and cities need to plan for future development based on sustainable developmentprinciples. Nir city in Ardabil province was located in 39 km west of Ardabil capital. In this study, locations anddirections for future development based on land use planning has been evaluated. Determining of suitable landfor development of normal variables using hierarchical process (AHP) in GIS (GIS) was used. These variablesinclude the slope, topography, lithology, distance to faults, underground water depth, land use and the landform.Finally, with extraction of units and environmental assessment based on ecological criteria, potential capabilitywas estimated for development in the study area. The results of this study showed that the most suitabledevelopment sites in the study area are located to the south. The results of this study showed that thecombination of analytic hierarchy process and the ability of GIS to develop a reliable method to determine asuitable location can be used by researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
678 - Environmental management of water resources in Robat KarimVillages
Nooshin masoomi bousjin Reza arjmandi Mojtaba sayadiAs providing the quantitative and qualitative supply of safe and healthy drinking water is one of the most important responsibilities of all governmental organizations.There fors,according to the climatic conditions of our country,which is located in the semi-arid geogr MoreAs providing the quantitative and qualitative supply of safe and healthy drinking water is one of the most important responsibilities of all governmental organizations.There fors,according to the climatic conditions of our country,which is located in the semi-arid geographical part of the world,with rainfall les them 250mm and improper utilization and consumption of underground resources of water supplies in different fields in cluding agriculture,industry and social services,has brought about dramatical challenges to provide the country with healthy dirinking water.so constant bio- environmental and qualitative threats of this limited quantitative sources of water have endangered the safety and health of the people and other exploiters. so here in addition to identifying either of any environmental challenges in terms of their sources and causative organisms and its effectiveness on the health and safety of the in habitants of the villags and towns of RobotKarim , we have classified them in the forms of maps,GIS actions, ultimately providing institutional solutions to organize the challenges to minimize the deleterious effects in the future.This way we hope to provide the chances of permenant development of the target villages Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
679 - Research on environmental geology and absorption ability of radioactive elements by plants in Narigan area(Central Iran)
جلیل Eranmanesh سامان Raziani مرتضی RezaeiNarigan area is located in Bafgh-Saghand metallogenic zone on Iran plateau. There are some anomalyradioactive elements which can penetrate into the soil, plant roots, plant textures and animal bodies. On the otherhand, these anomaly radioactive elements can effect anima MoreNarigan area is located in Bafgh-Saghand metallogenic zone on Iran plateau. There are some anomalyradioactive elements which can penetrate into the soil, plant roots, plant textures and animal bodies. On the otherhand, these anomaly radioactive elements can effect animals by emitting dangerous rays. During this research forenvironmental studies in Narigan area, after determining plants and animal viodeversity, 15 samples were chosenfrom plant bodies and the soil around them. Radioactive elements were measured by (HPGs) device. Accordingto the analysis results, most of the samples contain large amounts of radioactive elements such as: Ra226, U, andCs137and K40 which are a risk for environment of this area. Due to the studying of plants and soil samples,Astragalus can be used as geo botanical indicator for U and Th elements in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
680 - Environmental Impact of the Accumulation of Tunnel Excavated Soils of Isfahan Subway in Zaynel area (east of Isfahan)
Ali Radhoosh Abdolhosein KangazianThis research has examined the changes that have been made as a result of accumulating the Isfahan subway tunnel excavated soils in the Zeinel area (at the east of Isfahan). The samples of the tunnel fresh excavated soils, of the accumulated soils, and of the natural so MoreThis research has examined the changes that have been made as a result of accumulating the Isfahan subway tunnel excavated soils in the Zeinel area (at the east of Isfahan). The samples of the tunnel fresh excavated soils, of the accumulated soils, and of the natural soils in disposal area were taken, randomly. All the samples were sieved and to determine the percentage of drilling foam material, organic carbon percentage of some of them were analised. Elevation and geographic location of the sampling sites were also determined. the directions and speeds of strong winds that have blown in the east of Isfahan was obtained and ranked. Comparison of the granulometry analysis results of the mentioned soils showed that there are great differences between the mentioned criteria of the freshly excavated soils with natural soils and there are afew diffrences between the mentioned criteria of the accumulated soils with natural soils. These differences increase the permeability in the region and reduce the balance between the morphogenic-pedogenic processes.The topographic findings show that mainly accumulating soils in the region have somehow changed the topography of the area that will cause disruption the balance between the morphogenic and pedogenic processes and increase morphogenic processes. Also, the strong winds don't blow toward Isfahan, consequently the environmental hazards will not be created Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
681 - Compare spatial analysis Minnesota Pollution Control Agency of landfill in Bushehr and the Environmental Protection Agency's
طلیعه Abdolkhani nejhad S.M Monavari سعید ZareiDevelopment of land in the area of natural resources and human threats to the environment from various sourcesis imported. This study aimed to compare the results of the Minnesota Pollution Control method Bushehr landfillsite selection and environmental protection organ MoreDevelopment of land in the area of natural resources and human threats to the environment from various sourcesis imported. This study aimed to compare the results of the Minnesota Pollution Control method Bushehr landfillsite selection and environmental protection organizations in the GIS were studied. Methods Minnesota PollutionControl consists of two groups of factors. The first group of six playoff factor and the second group of sevensecondary condition factor, failure to meet the six primary factor in eliminating the desired location.Environmental criteria are examined and the distance from surface water, airport, away from roads andhighways, are wells, wetlands, and sensitive earthquake-prone areas, terrain, annual waste deep undergroundwater, land use, erosion, cover Plant and primary and secondary factors were determined in Minnesota with theuse of GIS. The results showed landfill in Bushehr current zoning and distance from the aqueduct and Jshmhhaymost studied area in Minnesota inappropriate criteria in categories B, a secondary index. According to theEnvironmental Protection Agency, landfills% 43.75% 56.25 appropriate and inappropriate. This limiting factor,distance from surface water, exposure to wind, flood storage areas, making the area susceptible to earthquakesand low depth to groundwater from shallow wells due to proximity to the sea has a great impact. Classificationerosion study area are inadequate landfill and erosion in the region is very high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
682 - Environmental impact assessment Safaroud Rabor dam on downstream areas
mansoureh zangi darestani Ahmad AbasnezhadDam are one of the most important structures that regulate surface currents, especially in areas that have a place and inappropriate distribution of precipitation. The benefits of dams can be urban and agricultural water supply, electric energy production and prevent fl MoreDam are one of the most important structures that regulate surface currents, especially in areas that have a place and inappropriate distribution of precipitation. The benefits of dams can be urban and agricultural water supply, electric energy production and prevent flooding. Construction of dams causes major changes the river around and catchment basin. The most important of these changes is the change in the river flow downstream. Because Dubai of the natural state become regulatory state. One the positive effects flood control, but in areas that are agricultural, reduce Water River and negative effects is on the section. Construction Safa dam cause negative impacts on downstream areas, the city of Jiroft and wetlands is Jazmurian. Assess the environmental impact of the dam Safaroud the city of Jiroft of the way Check list of was used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
683 - Application of Pastakia Matrice for Enviromental Impact Assessment in Tehran-Pardis Highway and Khojir Park
seyedeh shahnaz ghazimirsaeed seyed masoud monavariPopulation growth and increasing of urbanization make the request for extending new roads.High & Heavy traffic of the east of Tehran enters high pressure on transportation. Network of thiscity and old road of Tehran-Rudehen does not meet this need and remove this pr MorePopulation growth and increasing of urbanization make the request for extending new roads.High & Heavy traffic of the east of Tehran enters high pressure on transportation. Network of thiscity and old road of Tehran-Rudehen does not meet this need and remove this problem.Therefore, constructing the new highway which is Tehran – Pardis in the east of Tehran would beneeded. But the new highway prasses the protected area of Jajrood and next to Khojir NationalPark. These areas are those regions including ecologic values as well as national importance,which are chosen for supporting the animal and plant life and also for preventing their gradualdepletion. Therefore, constructing the new highway next to or inside these regions, have potentialImpacts. In this study, for anticipating the effects and evaluating them, and comparing withwidening the present road, pastakia matrice method, was used. The resutls of the research showthat constructing the new highway has the negative consequences less and more positive effectscomparing with widening the present road. For making less the negative consequences ofconsidered plan, managetical strategies has been provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
684 - Management of Environmental Impacts due to Mining Operations Using Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making Techniques (Case Study: Chadormaloo Mining Complex)
arash ebrahimabadiDestruction of area and changes in local ecosystem are viewed as the most important environmental impacts of mining operations in a region. Extents of disturbance area particularly waste dumps are also being increased as mining continues. Hence, environmental management MoreDestruction of area and changes in local ecosystem are viewed as the most important environmental impacts of mining operations in a region. Extents of disturbance area particularly waste dumps are also being increased as mining continues. Hence, environmental management and reclamation of mined lands play a major role in environmental protection in a specified mining region. With this respect, this paper describes optimum plant selection for reclamation process of mining in Chadormaloo mining complex as a case study. In all type of post mining land use such as Agriculture, Pasture, Forestry, Tourist attraction, Wild life creation, selection and planting the appropriate plant species is one the most essential requirements to successful implement the mine reclamation plan. The Research methodology is, Selecting of plant species that is on the basis of the primary factors that are: type of post mining land use, Climate, Nature­ of soil. Then priority is defined between the selected species, based on of the secondary factors by two Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) models that criteria are perspective of the region, resistance against disease and insects,­ strength and method of growth, availability of plant type, economic efficiency, protection of soil and storing water, prevention from pollution. These models are implemented by FUZZY AHP and FUZZY TOPSIS methods. The mentioned procedure was applied to Chadormaloo iron mine in Iran. Decision making was executed on the basis of oral judgments and experts’ opinions in the case study. Results showed that among candidate plants, Artemisia sieberi, Salsola yazdiana, Halophytes types, and Zygophyllum, respectively, are ranked and prioritized as optimum plants for reclamation process using two methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
685 - Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River in Nahavand city
Maryam Saleh Mohsen Rezaei Ata Shakeri Ashkan JahandariThe objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metals such as As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, V and Ni in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River. This river located in west of Iran and it is the most important river in Nahavand city, a wide range of human activities take pl MoreThe objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metals such as As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, V and Ni in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River. This river located in west of Iran and it is the most important river in Nahavand city, a wide range of human activities take place along the river. Examples include fish farming and agriculture activities. So the assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the river is necessary. The results show that the heavy metal concentration in the sediments decreased in the order Cr>Zn>Ni>As>Pb>Co>Mo>Cd. Variety of methods used to evaluate sediment contamination with heavy metals as enrichment factor, pollution load index, comparison of sediment quality guidelines and potential ecological risk of heavy metals. According to enrichment factor index, As and Cd have anthropogenic originates while Cr and Ni have geogenic originates. Some stations show a very high degree of Pb contamination. Samples 1 , 3 and to a lesser extent 2,6 and 8 showed a highest degree of toxicity. The correlation coefficient was used for communication between the elements. Results show that the anthropogenic Pb, Cu, Zn, As and Cd inputs were mostly related to the urban and Agriculture activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
686 - Optimization of environmental additional sampling using spatial simulated annealing in Sepahan-Shahr area.
Saeed Soltani Maliheh Abbaszadeh Ardeshir HezarkhaniOptimization of sampling scheme is one of the important and attractive issues for geo-statisticians andgeochemists. So far, various methods have been presented for optimization of sampling location (initial andadditional samples). In this article, it is tried to optimiz MoreOptimization of sampling scheme is one of the important and attractive issues for geo-statisticians andgeochemists. So far, various methods have been presented for optimization of sampling location (initial andadditional samples). In this article, it is tried to optimize the location of additional sampling in environmentalstudies of Sepahan-Shahr area, by simulated annealing method. In Sepahan-shahr area, adjacency to pollutantfactor (Irankooh mining area), in addition to the winds blowing whole the year from the side of this mine; haveincreased the pollution potentiality of the area. In this article, it is tried to optimize the location of additionalsampling on the basis of the data obtained from initial samplings. For this purpose, objective function has beendefined as “estimation variance minimization”, and simulated annealing optimization method has been used forsolving this optimization problem. All the codes related with computation of objective function are prepared byMatlab software. Additional sampling proposed by this method will result in reduction of average estimationvariance of the area from 0.34 to 0.22, which is the highest reduction of estimated uncertainty possible to makein the results of 20 additional samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
687 - The effect of multi walled carbon nanotubes on reduction of Biological and chemical oxygen demand on environment
S.M Hoseini-Yaraki S.A Mortazavi Mohammad Yari امید MoradiCarbon nanotube is unique structural and ability to removal of different pollution from soil and water.Also this pore structure matter is not to made pollution soil and environmental. When pollution isdiffusion to soil is made environmental recycle water. Wastewater dai MoreCarbon nanotube is unique structural and ability to removal of different pollution from soil and water.Also this pore structure matter is not to made pollution soil and environmental. When pollution isdiffusion to soil is made environmental recycle water. Wastewater dairy industry is defined as the water,which is polluted by different organic or inorganic chemical compounds. Majority wastewaters comefrom start –up and shutdown operations performed in the pasteurization process, equipment and tankcleaning. The nature of dairy processing is such that a large volume of high strength effluent is dischargedfrom the factory, this wastewater is invariably high in organic material (e.g. oils and fat, dissolved sugarsand proteins, and possibly residues of additives etc.) and consequently has a high biological oxygendemand. Hence disposal of untreated dairy wastewater with high biological oxygen demandconcentrations or treatment of it at source to a satisfactory level will be very important in preventingfuture environmental pollution. The treatment of wastewater with a high degree of operational reliabilityis now in demand all over the work. At the same time, preconditions are becoming more important. Theseapply to the limitation of sludge yield, energy consumption and space consumption. The reclamation ofenergy has been demanding increasing attention. In this research, used multi walled carbon nanotubes forreduction biological and organic load (BOD5 and COD). The result indicated is good as adsorbent andredaction contamination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
688 - Mineral deposit in south-west Tehran (south of Boeenzahra) and its environmental pollution effects
Saeedeh Senemari Seyed Naser MousaviLak is a half mountainous area located about 40 km south of Boeenzahra and at about 140km south-west ofTehran. The area is mainly covered by igneous rocks. The geological study shows that mineral deposit includesandesite to basalt igneous rocks. The andesite units conta MoreLak is a half mountainous area located about 40 km south of Boeenzahra and at about 140km south-west ofTehran. The area is mainly covered by igneous rocks. The geological study shows that mineral deposit includesandesite to basalt igneous rocks. The andesite units contains rich veins of lead and zinc. Various miningactivities in the past such as surface extraction, transportation and weathering activities have increased thepotential for distribution of heavy minerals in the soils around Lak area. Based on the completed studies heavyminerals in plant tissues and human were which identified which is shown in the result among certain variouspatients in the human population Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
689 - Production scheduling for lime stone open pit mines with special emphasis on lime stone saturation factor to reduce environmental impacts of cement industry (Case study: Tehran cement factory)
Ebrahim Safarlo arash ebrahimabadi Afshin Akbari Since cement industries are among the polluting industries, efforts should be made to reduce the environmental pollution of this industry by planning and optimizing its raw materials. With this approach, considering the close proximity of Tehran's cement p More Since cement industries are among the polluting industries, efforts should be made to reduce the environmental pollution of this industry by planning and optimizing its raw materials. With this approach, considering the close proximity of Tehran's cement plant to the capital, it was decided that with the optimization of the planning of production of mines, the supplier of raw materials of this plant with the aim of reducing the amount of waste and pollutants to improve the activities of the factory stepped up in this direction Optimization of extraction and adjustment of raw materials was used in research methods in operations, especially linear programming. The most important sources of raw material supplies to the Bibishahrbanoo, Mesgarabad, Lapehzanak and Chehelghez mines (as CaO, Fe2O3 and Al2O3 fractionation compensators in the form of iron ore and bauxite stones). Cement production is based on the setting of calcium saturation modulus, silica modulus and alumina modulus, among which the calcium saturation modulus is the most important factor in the composition of raw materials. In this plan, the issue of short-term production planning, the modulus adjustment, and the determination of the contribution of each resource in the supply of feed to the factory becomes a very attractive engineering problem, which requires the solution of this issue in terms of environmental and engineering indicators. Based on data gathered from geological maps and exploratory boreholes, as well as the analysis of surface samples of the studied areas, the set of mines was divided into 31 utilizable blocks. Then, by coding in the Lingo software environment, the extraction of blocks based on cement modulus was prioritized. The results of analyzes in production planning showed that the amount of calcium saturation modulus in the optimum setting is 82.12% and the minimum amount of elemental (MgO) is 2.69%, which is the result of the Tehran cement complex and causes the least amount of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
690 - Numerical modeling of segmental lining of Golab water conveyance tunnel due to reduced environmental impact
mehdi saneiaraei meisam hakimianbidgoli mohamadamin vashadi araeiLack of proper drinking water is a major problem in the Central and Eastern cities of the country. Therefore, the necessity of water transmission projects are posed and since meeting these needs using traditional methods are very difficult, time-consuming and costly; so MoreLack of proper drinking water is a major problem in the Central and Eastern cities of the country. Therefore, the necessity of water transmission projects are posed and since meeting these needs using traditional methods are very difficult, time-consuming and costly; so the mechanized excavation of tunnels and segmental lining are used. The water transferred through the pipes has significant surface destruction. That would result in serious environmental problems. Also, transferring water through the pipes is more expensive than the tunnel. In this paper, after introducing all procedures of segments design, segmental lining of Golab water conveyance tunnel using finite element was modeled. Firstly, loads on segmental lining was determined by UDEC software after installation in tunnel. Then, these amounts of load on the segments used for modeling was applied in ABAQUS software. Results obtained by 3D modeling software showed that the greatest amount of displacement of segments under different stress conditions concerns to the bottom segment. Based on the performed modeling, due to the high compressive stress, the crack is only seen in segment concrete and these results are totally in compliance with Golab tunnel segments observations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
691 - Environmental risk assessment of gas pipeline using the kent muhlbauer method
Mohsen Goudarzi Hamid Reza Jafari Saeid GivehchiThe purpose of this study is using reformed muhlbauer method in order to evaluate the pipeline environmentalrisk levels. In this method, the total index represents the hazard probability and the leakage factor represents theimpact intensity. The final risk score is obta MoreThe purpose of this study is using reformed muhlbauer method in order to evaluate the pipeline environmentalrisk levels. In this method, the total index represents the hazard probability and the leakage factor represents theimpact intensity. The final risk score is obtained by dividing the total score into leakage factor. 32 % of thepipelines contain very high risk and 11 % of the pipelines contain high risk. Medium risk belongs to 23 % of thepipelines and 34 % of the pipelines contain low risk. According to the results of kent malhauber method, themost important risk factor in this study is the High activity levels, low depth of coverage, lack of adequateeducation about the risks of pipelines to nearby residents, the lack of emergency messaging system, Intersectionwith multiple faults, Urban tissue, Population density and Valuable areas Like the National Natural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
692 - Interaction Effects of Sabzkuh Tunnel Excavation and Ground Water Resources: (Environmental Management Approach)
majid taromi Majid AsadnabizadehIn this paper, hydrogeology and geology of Sabzkuh tunnel path and its environment has been reviewed, so as to anticipation of changes in the natural regime of underground waters and its impacts in springs resources after tunnel excavation with environmental management MoreIn this paper, hydrogeology and geology of Sabzkuh tunnel path and its environment has been reviewed, so as to anticipation of changes in the natural regime of underground waters and its impacts in springs resources after tunnel excavation with environmental management approach has been determined. For this purpose, different formation of tunnel path, faults and their permeability and potential amplitudes were recognized and categorized. From another perspective, water resources and springs of tunnel path were identified and hydrogeological boundary of tunnel path was determined to investigate interactions among tunnel excavation and underground water resources. According to these data, the tunnel path had been divided into two section: 1. High risk areas (Choghakhor region) 2. Low risk areas (Sabzkuh region). After tunnel mechanized excavation, changes of ground and geological complexity of studied zone and influx of mud along with abundance of water into tunnel caused cancelation of tunnel excavation despite all measures carried out for injection and reinforcement in risky area and capabilities of mechanized excavation machine. Following that, due to interaction to fault area of Sakiabad (Aloghareh), this fault had been dried in less than one week. Drying of Sakiabad spring had brought negative effects in terms of social, environmental and economical in the zone. Scrutiny of this factors and considering all parameters, the tunnel excavation had ceased. Reviewing studies and feasibility of all effected sections and with environmental management approach, combination of tunnel in Sabzkuh and water canal in Choghakhor section and change in the profile of path in order to reduce regional environmental impacts have been relatively considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
693 - Assessment of environmental and social-economic impacts for sand mines by using cost-benefit analysis – case study
Mohammad Hasan Shokri Ehsan MosaviThis study examines the environmental, economic, and social impacts of mines on local communities. Impact assessment in these three areas (environmental, social and economic) predicts the potential environmental factors resulting from the implementation of development p MoreThis study examines the environmental, economic, and social impacts of mines on local communities. Impact assessment in these three areas (environmental, social and economic) predicts the potential environmental factors resulting from the implementation of development projects, some of the ways to reduce or eliminate these unacceptable and unintended, it makes predictions and presents predictions to decision-makers. In this study, a reasonable decision can be made by understanding the impact of each of the above factors on the continuation or stopping of mining activity. By preparing a questionnaire on gathering the required information and compiling a questionnaire in three axes, economic, social and environmental, a total of 32 questions were put on the gathering of opinions from the expert community. Then, the reliability of the questionnaires was assessed by SPSS software and then, a cost-benefit analysis was performed on the status of the proposed sand mines. After implementing the model presented in three axes, economic, environmental and social, the results of the costs were 0%, 53.27%, and 52.67%, respectively, and the income results were 100%, 46.73%, respectively. % 47.33% was obtained. Therefore, the income from the activities under study is dominated by the costs considered in the three axes considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
694 - Leakage effects of pollution water in the Soil characteristics in the refineries “Bandar-Abbas Refinery Case Study”
عطااله Najafi-Jilani بهزاد Ataei-AshtianiIn this work, the effects of water and oily water leakage on the soil characteristics in the industrialcomplex such as refineries are investigated. In a real case study, the leakage from cooling waterpounds in Bandar-Abbas refinery in south coasts of Iran is investigate MoreIn this work, the effects of water and oily water leakage on the soil characteristics in the industrialcomplex such as refineries are investigated. In a real case study, the leakage from cooling waterpounds in Bandar-Abbas refinery in south coasts of Iran is investigated. This refinery was built about14 years ago and recently the evidence of leakage from pounds has been observed. A fieldinvestigation program with ten bore holes around the water pounds in the refinery has been carried outto inspect the effects of leakage on the soil and scouring of it. The main soil mechanic characteristicssuch as the result of Standard Penetration Test (SPT), soil dry density and humidity percentage arecaptured in the field and laboratory investigations. It is concluded that the depth of affected soil byleakage is about 5 to 6 meters. The leakage is especially occurred in the east side of the pounds. Thebest way to prevent the leakage and to improve the affected soil characteristics is selected based on thesoil mechanics data. The grout injection in the regular pattern all around the water pounds is assignedas the applicable method to cease the leakage and to improve the soil stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
695 - The relationship between quality of life and positive thinking and mental well-being
Alireza Nourani Aboutaleb Seadatee ShamirPurpose: The present study aimed to predict the quality of life based on mental well-being and positive thinking. Methodology: The present research method was a descriptive correlation in terms of data collection and in terms of purpose it was among the basic researche MorePurpose: The present study aimed to predict the quality of life based on mental well-being and positive thinking. Methodology: The present research method was a descriptive correlation in terms of data collection and in terms of purpose it was among the basic researches. The statistical population of this study was all employees of export banks of Tehran's 6th district. In this study, the number of statistical samples based on Karajsi and Morgan table (1976) was 240 people. Step-by-step class sampling was used for sampling, In the present study, to measure the quality of life from the Quality of Life Questionnaire (World Health Organization, 2000). Positive Thinking Questionnaire (Ingram and Wissenicki, 2001) was used to measure positive well-being. Goldberg and Hiller (1979) General Health Health Questionnaire was used to measure mental well-being. The step-by-step method was used to enter the prediction variables in the regression model. Results: The results showed that 6 sub-variables 1. Physical health 2- Psychological well-being 3- Social relations 4- Environmental health 5- Quality of life 6- Positive thinking entered the regression equation. The results also showed that physical health alone predicted 20% of the variance observed in mental well-being. The addition of psychological well-being, social relationships, environmental health, quality of life and positive thinking, respectively, added 4, 2, 2, 2, 3% to the previous variance, and the six models together explained 33% of the variance of mental well-being. R Square = 30). Conclusion: According to the research findings, there is a relationship between positive thinking and quality of life with mental well-being. Therefore, mental well-being is predicted based on positive thinking and quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
696 - Investigating the Impact of Natural Resource Rent and Political Stability on the Environmental Degradation Index in Selected Developing Countries Using a Combined Data Approach
Fatemeh Ramezani Somayeh Shokravi Akbar BagheriEnvironmental degradation has become a significant topic in the realm of economic development in recent years. Therefore, the main objective of the present research is to examine the influence of natural resource rent and political stability on the environmental degrada MoreEnvironmental degradation has become a significant topic in the realm of economic development in recent years. Therefore, the main objective of the present research is to examine the influence of natural resource rent and political stability on the environmental degradation index in selected developing countries between the years 2006 and 2020. This study aims to achieve practical objectives and adopts an analytical-inferential approach methodologically. The research methodology is of a correlational nature based on its essence and content. The statistical population includes all developing countries. In this study, a random sampling method is employed to determine the sample size, and it involves a case study spanning the years from 2006 to 2020, with a sample of 20 developing countries. Data collection is facilitated through the utilization of databases. For data analysis and result derivation, Eviews 9 and Excel 2010 software have been utilized. The findings of the current research indicate a significant relationship between the impact of natural resource rent and political stability on the environmental degradation index in the selected developing countries using a combined data approach. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that natural resource rent, energy intensity, and urban population have a positive and meaningful impact on the environmental degradation index in the developing countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
697 - The Impact of Environmental Management on Rural Poverty in Ghahan Villages of Ghom Province
Omid Jalil Piran Azita Zand Ali Hoseinzadeh Mohammad Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
698 - The Need for Environmental Assessment and Field Surveys in Landfill Location Studies (Case Study: Yazd City)
sara gilvari alireza Mazloumi Bajestanib Syed Abolfazl kashfi alireza sarsangi aliabadThe need for a comprehensive management of sustainable environmental development is more than ever due to the growth of population and more waste production. In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development, environmental assessment before, during and after each MoreThe need for a comprehensive management of sustainable environmental development is more than ever due to the growth of population and more waste production. In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development, environmental assessment before, during and after each project is needed. The purpose of the environmental impact assessment is to ensure that managers and experts meet the goals set in a project in accordance with government and environmental regulations. The first step towards achieving this goal will be exploring the study area. In this research, the Leopold matrix was used for environmental assessment of landfill location in Yazd. Environmental assessment was done on the problems resulting from landfill on the environment and living organisms of the area in the environmental assessment area by visiting the field of the current landfill site of Yazd. The total score of the results of the Leopold Environmental Assessment Matrix related to the current landfill site was -214. Therefore, it is possible to carry out management solutions to improve the status of the current landfill. By performing location studies using the hierarchical analysis method, zone one was designated as a suitable landfill site. The soil permeability gradient curve of the selected region was prepared and the soil type of this region was clayey silt. Which will be suitable for landfill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
699 - Determining the Share of Each of the Environmental and Organizational Components in Students' Professional Ethics
Reza Momenin Hamid Reza Arasteh Nader Gholi Ghorchian Parivash Jafari -
Open Access Article
700 - Study of the orientation of the building and the walls are made of solar water heater performance using software RETSCREEN (case study: Semnan)
sajjad zahirnezhad nader rahbarRenewable energy such as solar energy in the world of particular interest to planners and technical intellectuals, political and economic located. Iran also due to the special geographical position in the exploitation of this type of energy has great potential. But a lo MoreRenewable energy such as solar energy in the world of particular interest to planners and technical intellectuals, political and economic located. Iran also due to the special geographical position in the exploitation of this type of energy has great potential. But a lot of fossil energy resources, cheap energy in the country and also the high cost of new technology for the initial investment, a bulwark against the development of these technologies is emerging. In this paper, considering the geographical conditions in Semnan, with a floor of an office building located in the area check Azad University of Semnan, by software Carrier thermal loads in various positions, including for the different geographical position and for two types of wall building materials were calculated and an optimum of them were selected. Then RETSCREEN Software evaluated by technical, economic, environmental and analyzed. Based on the results of the optimal geographical and wall materials, the savings in natural gas 2332 m3 / year and the reduction of emissions 2.1 Ton / year Co2 is. Also, consider two scenarios internal rate and rate of natural gas to the amount of the initial investment plan of 138312550 Rial and 4618 $, the profitability of 4.2% and 23.5% and payback period of 19.9 and 6.4 years, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
701 - Investigation of Environmental Factors in the Development of the City of Maklavan Using GIS
nasibeh aliyaniOver the past two decades, the growing number of cities has been driven by the transformation of rural centers into small cities, including the effects of the accelerated urbanization process on the spatial and demographic structure of the country, one of the villages t MoreOver the past two decades, the growing number of cities has been driven by the transformation of rural centers into small cities, including the effects of the accelerated urbanization process on the spatial and demographic structure of the country, one of the villages that has just joined the city jelly in the city of Maklvan in Gilan province. The city of Maklvan in May 2012 brought together the 2 villages of Maklavan and Maklvan above the center of the Sardar Forest district of Fomen city as the city of Makluan to the country divisions, which seems to be the mechanism of transforming rural areas into cities that are flexible to the interests of the people National and environmental zone. The path to the development of science-based environmental studies and scientific understanding of the environment, due to the potential, the environmental assessment and a comprehensive and rational use of the land is. this study intends to also express the natural characteristics of the study area and access to the conditions and characteristics, to determine the degree of importance of these factors and characteristics of the development process and ultimately determine the appropriate future development using multi criteria evaluation of pay. given that the main objective of this study was to analyze the environment in Miami for sustainable development, studies and efforts of the appropriate highway north of the road was known as the first priority Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
702 - Assessing the natural hazards of Ilam city with the approach of economic, organizational (institutional) and environmental resilience
alimohammad mirzaee Mohamad Reza Zandmoghaddam saeid kamyabiAs the most complex human-made system, the city faces a wide range of risks, including natural risks such as earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, etc. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the natural hazards of Ilam city with the approach of economic MoreAs the most complex human-made system, the city faces a wide range of risks, including natural risks such as earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, etc. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the natural hazards of Ilam city with the approach of economic, organizational (institutional) and environmental resilience. The current research is survey and analytical in terms of collecting data and information. Also, this research is based on the purpose of applied type. The statistical population of the citizens of Ilam city is 384 people and the urban planning officials are 30 people. According to the main purpose of the research, to get quantitative research information, a questionnaire was designed based on the opinions of the elites and urban planning professors. One-sample t-test was used for data analysis in SPSS software. Considering that the urban areas of Ilam are evaluated in this research, the urban areas of Ilam are ranked using the multi-criteria decision-making model of Vicor based on the level of resilience from economic, organizational (institutional) and environmental dimensions. The results of the economic resilience survey showed that region 3 is the most resilient region of Ilam city and 50% of the regions are relatively resilient economically and have a better situation in terms of economic resilience. The results of the organizational resilience survey showed that Region 3 is the most resilient region of the city and 75% of the regions were relatively resilient in terms of organization. Among these regions, only region two has a low organizational (institutional) resilience. The results of the environmental resilience survey showed that region 3 is the most resilient region of the city and 50% of the regions were relatively resilient in terms of environment. Among these regions, only region one lacks resilience from an environmental point of view Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
703 - Compilation of branding strategies based on physical and environmental dimensions of the smart city in Tehran's Sixth District, Yousef Abad neighborhood
azam molaei زینب کرکه آبادی abbas ArghanThe contribution of the study in place branding theory is that cities and destinations generally do not include their smart aspects in their branding strategy. Therefore, one should try to understand that branding is not the only management and communication of a brand. MoreThe contribution of the study in place branding theory is that cities and destinations generally do not include their smart aspects in their branding strategy. Therefore, one should try to understand that branding is not the only management and communication of a brand. It should be a complete management process, constantly evolving, which should include all key aspects of the identity, reality and development of cities and destinations, and should also be able to include aspects and realities of the territory even if they include them. The current research is quantitative in terms of purpose, application and methodology. Library sources and field research (questionnaire) have been used to collect information. For sampling from the statistical population, the urban planners of the sixth district of Tehran, Yousef Abad neighborhood, are considered. For this purpose, random sampling was used in this study. According to the opinion of professors and consultants, the size of the statistical sample is 30 people due to the unknown exact statistics of the number of experts in the field of urban planning. Questionnaire validity, content validity and reliability were determined using Cronbach's alpha as 0.88. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the physical and environmental components of the urban branding of Mahlesfabad and the smart city at the 95% confidence level. It is also possible to provide an unlimited amount of information about Yousef Abad neighborhood by holding various exhibitions and events, online information (or city branding in virtual space and social networks) and websites designed with a domain name specific to the city. Transfer to your contacts and by providing virtual tourism tours, signs and elements of the visual identity of the city, advertising slogans, calendar of city events, the possibility of online planning and reservation of facilities and other unlimited facilities, influence the audience's understanding of that neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
704 - The environmental, political and security consequences of the drying up of Urmia Lake using remote sensing on the barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in the Urmia Lake basin.
vahid isazade Jvad EshaghiIn this research, the aim of this research is to the environmental, political and security consequences of the drying up of Lake Urmia using remote sensing on the barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in Lake Urmia. In terms of the purpose, the present research MoreIn this research, the aim of this research is to the environmental, political and security consequences of the drying up of Lake Urmia using remote sensing on the barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in Lake Urmia. In terms of the purpose, the present research is in the category of applied research, and in terms of the nature and method of the research, it is a descriptive survey type of research. The statistical population of the current research is the army barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the area of Lake Urmia. To monitor salt particles in Urmia Lake, Sentinel 5, Madis and Landsat 8 satellite images for 2000 to 2022 from the Google Earth Engine system were used. In this research, the spatial descriptions and analyses available in the geographic information system (GEE system and Gis Arc software) have been used. According to the results of Moran's spatial autocorrelation analysis of salt dust dispersion and their impact on army barracks in Lake Urmia basin during 2010, Moran's coefficient showed 0.816328%. This percentage has reached its highest level by 2022. The highest concentration of hot spots (dispersion of salt particles) can be seen in only one high cluster in the northeastern parts of the Urmia lake basin, which includes Tabriz's 2nd Shekhari Barracks and Tabriz's 121st Brigade. In addition, the results of the research show that the security consequences of the mini-guns in the two barracks of Mahabad and Saqzaz Nazar show the defence and security aspect in 2015, which include an increase in the amount of unauthorized traffic, the creation of security loopholes, disruption in the movement of patrolling personnel, a decrease Field of vision, especially in times of wind and visibility, disturbance in standby and support, and disturbance in telecommunication networks are the most important security consequences of crisis defence. In 2022, the spatial dispersion of salt dust was not specific to one barrack, and most of the army barracks in the region were affected by the harmful dust of the lake, in this year, the highest amount of salt dust was found in the barracks of Urmia, Shekhari, Tabriz, Ghoshchi, Saqez and Mahabad is scattered. The security consequences of micro-rounds in the whole region in terms of defence, security and political dimensions, including ethnic-religious differences between the Turks and Kurds, increasing public discontent, decreasing the social solidarity of citizens with the government, increasing street protests and urban riots in the region, ethnic incitement. and more dissatisfaction, security crimes have increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
705 - An overview of the origin and geographical routing of fine dust and strategies to deal with it in Iran
hamid kheyroddinIran and the Middle East are in the dry belt of the world. Due to climatic and geographical conditions, our country is prone to dust storms. Drought, insecurity and war, lack of vegetation, atmospheric instability in neighboring deserts and horizontal and vertical trans MoreIran and the Middle East are in the dry belt of the world. Due to climatic and geographical conditions, our country is prone to dust storms. Drought, insecurity and war, lack of vegetation, atmospheric instability in neighboring deserts and horizontal and vertical transfer of dust particles and its intensification due to intrusion and occupation The practice has had adverse effects on the ecosystem, health, health, production, transportation, tourism, increased pollution, increased migration, and the like. This research intends to use the method of collecting library information and using data, maps and spatial and geographical analysis to get a proper knowledge and picture of the geographical status of the fine dust phenomenon in terms of origin and direction of its creation. Then, using this information, to analyze the space and find the root of the internal and external origin of fine dust. Therefore, in this article, with a review and descriptive method, the route and the dust center are first examined outside the country, such as Iraq, Syria and the Arabian Peninsula, and then the Northeast region, Central Asia, Turkmenistan and southeast Pakistan using The map and related zoning were collected and then the internal origin in the main geographical directions of the dust and dust phenomenon from the interior of the country was studied. This phenomenon occurs throughout the year, but the frequency of occurrence and its negative effect and worse air quality It is more common in hot seasons, especially in summer and July and August. This is due to the frequent influx of dust from Iraq and the instability of the Hijaz desert climate, declining air humidity, drought, excessive use of water and natural resources, increasing temperature and speed and wind direction, and drying of wetlands and mismanagement. Various in economic, social, political, environmental dimensions. There is an institution and organization that mentions some of these consequences and strategies to deal with it from the research results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
706 - Examining the Factors Affecting the Success of Human Resource Management
Hamed Noorian Mousa Rezani ChamanzaminAbstractBased on scientific findings, human resource management in each organization is considered to be the key to achieving the goals, because new ideas for innovation and prosperity are the achievement of new researchers' products. A comprehensive human resources man MoreAbstractBased on scientific findings, human resource management in each organization is considered to be the key to achieving the goals, because new ideas for innovation and prosperity are the achievement of new researchers' products. A comprehensive human resources management system, organizational performance the lack or weakness of this management creates problems for the organization. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the success of human resources management in the organization of expediency. The present research is an applied research that is carried out using field method and scanning technique. The statistical population of the research, the staff and managers of the HR department of the organization are expedient. Using the Klein formula, 511 questionnaires were collected. A Simple clustering method was used for sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using the LISREL software and the structural equation test. The results of hypothesis testing show the technological factors with path coefficient of 1821, organizational factors with path coefficient1893, behavioral factors with path coefficient 1863, and environmental factors with path coefficient 1876, have a significant and direct effect on human resources management in the organization of expediency. According to the results of Friedman test, it was found that behavioral factors with a mean of 3879 have the highest rank and the environmental variables with an average of 4891 have the lowest rank in influencing the success of HRM. Keywords: Human Resource Management, Behavioral Factors, Technological Factors, Environmental Factors and Organizational Factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
707 - Locating Donation Centers in Blood Supply chain considering Environmental Criteria Using Combined Vikor and Mathematical Programming Approach (Case Study: Alborz Blood Transfusion center)
مهیار کیانپور مسعود ربانی سید علی ترابیAbstractNowadays with regards to the special role of blood supply chain facilities, theimportance of blood donation centers establishment with environmental standardscompliance is considerable. With the increase in population and urban sprawl,Alborz Blood Transfusion ce MoreAbstractNowadays with regards to the special role of blood supply chain facilities, theimportance of blood donation centers establishment with environmental standardscompliance is considerable. With the increase in population and urban sprawl,Alborz Blood Transfusion center has been looking for a suitable location toestablish blood donation centers in order to providing maximum service to donors,in addition to reduce environmental damage. In this study, to find the appropriatelocation for blood donation centers, environmental criteria have been considered.The purpose of this study was to determine the number and establishment of blooddonation centers using combined VIKOR and mathematical programmingapproach in order to blood donation centers have the highest level of service. Fromthe 12 existing regions, Only 6 candidate regions were selected to determine theappropriate location for the establishment of blood donation centers using theVIKOR method as a multi-criterion decision making approach. Also, by solvingthe proposed mathematical model, 4 regions were selected to locating a blooddonation centers that providing maximum service to donors in the regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
708 - Evaluating the Effects of Environmental Hazards on Parthian Pithos Cemeteries in Marivan, Iran: A Case Study of the Zardouyan Cemetery
Mohammad Masoumian Ziad Ahmad Ahmad Ganjaeian Janoscha Kreppner Ali Behnia Nader KasraeiDue to its many pithos burial cemeteries, the Marivan region in Iran is very important for archaeological studies of the historical periods. In their studies on the pithos burial cemeteries in Marivan, the authors noticed that this region is encountering a wide range of MoreDue to its many pithos burial cemeteries, the Marivan region in Iran is very important for archaeological studies of the historical periods. In their studies on the pithos burial cemeteries in Marivan, the authors noticed that this region is encountering a wide range of human and natural damages that have been paid little attention by researchers. The excavations at Zardouyan cemetery properly clarified damaging factors and their amounts to researchers, and the most essential question is “Why is there such a huge amount of damage in these regions?” As a result, given the above-mentioned, we first investigated damaged evidence and damaging factors in the Zardouyan site. Then, to evaluate the factors affecting the region’s damage, geomorphological, climatic, and geological evidence as well as Sentile-1 images were employed. The results suggested that given the region’s geomorphological situation, slow and continuous mass wasting imposed pressure on the pithos to move in the slope direction, damaging and even overthrowing them. Moreover, according to the region’s climate, the cryoclast phenomenon eroded pithos near the surface. Furthermore, the results obtained from the radar interferometry method and SBAS time series method implied that the studied region subsided by 6.7 - 43.8 mm within two years. The number could be significant in the long term and directly affect the region’s vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
709 - Environmental Effects of the World Hyper-Landslide on Ancient Settlements
Siamak Sharafi Masoud Sadeghi RadThe occurrence of the world's largest landslides on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and on the path of Sayamareh and Kashkan river drainage network has created many wide environmental changes. The most important changes caused by the landslide include blocking the path of Sayma MoreThe occurrence of the world's largest landslides on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and on the path of Sayamareh and Kashkan river drainage network has created many wide environmental changes. The most important changes caused by the landslide include blocking the path of Saymareh and Kashkan rivers and creating two lakes which are world’s largest and most stable barrier lakes in the world. Geoarchaeological studies of this region utilizing physical and conceptual tools, laboratory methods, software tools as well as using statistical cluster analysis have led to the landslide fourstage recognition on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and the subsequent formation of four lakes within the Saymareh valley and a single-stage lake within the Kashkan valley; in addition, the results of these studies include detecting settlement patterns of archaeological sites in each periods from Epipaleolithic to Islamic in connection with the formation of the lake and the recognition of the ongoing changes in settlement patterns associated with fluctuations in the lake level. Based on the results of lake sediments dating, the occurrence of the primary Kabirkuh landslide and the formation of Seymare and Kashkan barrier lakes happened about 85000 years ago. Therefore, from the Middle Paleolithic to the Islamic era the human settlement patterns have been environmental changes caused by Kabirkuh landslide and also caused by the formation of barrier lakes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
710 - Measurable Research in Pleistocene Environmental Archaeology (Definitions, Applications, and Necessities for the Iranian Plateau)
Nemat Hariri Reza Rezaloo Ardeshir Javanmardzadeh Saman Heydari-GuranA large part of our information concerning the Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate, past human activities, are coming from archived data in the sedimentological layers. Diets regime, vegetation, climatic situation and the causes of extinction of species, migration, and se MoreA large part of our information concerning the Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate, past human activities, are coming from archived data in the sedimentological layers. Diets regime, vegetation, climatic situation and the causes of extinction of species, migration, and settlement systems are that information which can be extracted from the Earth archive. Meanwhile, it is clear that not only is it possible to obtain all this information by studying cultural materials. As a result, the relatively new approaches of environmental archaeology and geoarchaeology have been adapted from the geological sciences to help archaeological problems. The task of these approaches is collecting and analyzing information that helps better human behaviors and tries to understand the processes between humans and their environment. Like other parts of the archaeological research in Iran developing rapidly, however, still using Advanced Techniques are not comparable with Western countries. This paper provides an overview of some of the most important Geoarchaeological approaches associated with examples more specifically during the late Pleistocene. We have been trying to give a general picture of the research that has been taken out in recent years on Iranian Geoarchaeological and environmental archaeology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
711 - Environmental management of sanitary wastewater sludge (bio-solids) to produce compost and compare it for replacement with conventional chemical fertilizers
Shahram Lasemi Ebrahim Alaie Reza Arjmandi Amir Hesam HassaniCurrently, the environmental management of wastewater sludge is a major challenge in environmental engineering. New effective solutions for wastewater treatment lead to improved final effluent quality but significantly increase the volume of wastewater sludge produced. MoreCurrently, the environmental management of wastewater sludge is a major challenge in environmental engineering. New effective solutions for wastewater treatment lead to improved final effluent quality but significantly increase the volume of wastewater sludge produced. This study investigated the environmental management status of the sewage sludge of the sanitary treatment plant of the Mahmoudabad Cultural, Recreational, and Sports Complex affiliated to the National Oil Company to produce compost and compare it for replacement with conventional chemical fertilizers.The present study is descriptive-cross-sectional. The required sludge was prepared from the sludge dryer beds of the wastewater treatment plant of Mahmoudabad Cultural, Recreational, and Sports Complex, and the method used was aerobic sludge compost by the wind. Windrow size was 1/2 m high, 1.5 m wide, and 2.5 m long and was performed in 3 stages of 20 days.This study showed that the percentage of organic matter in the compost obtained from the municipal sewage sludge of Mahmoud Abad is of good quality. Changes in temperature, pH, percentage of carbon and nitrogen in the samples were in the acceptable range. Considering the environmental conditions and nutritional needs of plants, it can be said that bio fertilizers and especially compost from wastewater treatment, can play a positive role in plant growth and yield under drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
712 - Investigation of accumulation and pollution of heavy metals (mercury, lead, nickel and vanadium) related to oil and petrochemical industries in mud and sandy sediments in the Creek of Mahshar
samira esmaili Mahnaz sadat sadeghi mozhgan emtyazjooPollution of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals is one of the global problems in developed countries. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of heavy metals nickel, lead, mercury and vanadium by sampling sediments using Vane Veen Grab at depths of 5, 10 and MorePollution of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals is one of the global problems in developed countries. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of heavy metals nickel, lead, mercury and vanadium by sampling sediments using Vane Veen Grab at depths of 5, 10 and 15 meters from 4 stations including estuary Musa, Ahmadi, Ghazaleh and Ghanam in the port. Imam Khomeini was paid in 1396. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the average concentration of metals in different stations 38.79 to 64.17 for nickel, 2.23 to 13.18 for lead, 0.87 to 8.12 for mercury and 39.32 to 62.26 μg / g was obtained for vanadium. The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the concentration of metals in different stations was significantly different (P <0.05), the highest concentration was related to nickel and the lowest was related to mercury.. The results of ANOVA test showed that the concentration of metals was significantly different in sediment particles (P <0.05). The highest concentration of metals was observed in clay particles. There was no significant difference between metal concentrations at different depths (P> 0.05). Igeo was calculated to evaluate the level of metal pollution and based on this index, it was determined that Musa and Ahmadi estuaries are contaminated with respect to all metals, Ghazaleh estuary with respect to mercury and nickel, but Ghanam estuary is not contaminated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
713 - A Storytelling Planning Process to Transform Environmental Values into Sustainable Cities and Sustainable Behaviours
Shahrzad Faryadi -
Open Access Article
714 - Evaluating the impact of Environmental Quality Indicators on the degree of humanization in healing environments
Asghar Mohammad Moradi Seyed Bagher Hosseini Golamreza Shamloo -
Open Access Article
715 - Explanation of the Qualitative Values in a Space with a view on the Capabilities of Vernacular Architecture: Case Study: Context-Based Architectural Schools
akramolsadat kheyrossadat -
Open Access Article
716 - Environmental tranquility: A conceptual framework and urban architectural features
Farnoosh Minooei Manouchehr Foroutan Mohammad Mehdi Soroush Azadeh Aghalatifi -
Open Access Article
717 - The Right to the City: Developing a Framework to Analyze Environmental Justice
Maryam Afrouz Hassan Sajadzadeh -
Open Access Article
718 - A Creative Cycle of Promotion: From Architectural Creativity to the Sense of Place and its Resulting Creativeness
Hossein Rezaei -
Open Access Article
719 - Evaluation of Noise Pollution in the Architectural Site Analysis Process based on Environmental Impact Assessment Matrix
Mehrdad Azizi Mahmud Rezaei Vahid Ghobadian -
Open Access Article
720 - Developing a grounded-based model of environmental vitality in malls of Tehran City
Maryam Sanatgar Kakhaki Manouchehr Foroutan Mohammadmehdi Soroush Sara Jalalian -
Open Access Article
721 - Sense of Security from the Environmental Perspective A Case Study of Tehran’s Pardisan Park
Mozhgan Nozari Mehrdad Mazloumi Esmaeil Salehi -
Open Access Article
722 - Application of Wind Energy in Urban Regional Planning Toward Ecological Sustainability(Case Study: Hashtgerd)
Mehrdad Mazloomi Azin Farzam -
Open Access Article
723 - Investigating the Social, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Constructing Urban Interchanges (Comparison of the Main Interchanges in the city of Qazvin)
Pouria Seyed Mosallaie Maryam Khastou -
Open Access Article
724 - Physical Factors Influencing Place Identity in Higher Education Environments (Case Study: Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch)
Leila Karimifard Fatemeh Tabatabaei Malazi -
Open Access Article
725 - Application of driving force- Pressure- State- Impact- Response (DPSIR) Framework for Analyzing the Human habitat in City of Tehran
Esmail Salehi Lobat Zebardastb -
Open Access Article
726 - Study Affecting Factors on Efficiency of Research Ethics from the Viewpoint of Female Students of Farhangian University of Qom province
amir hossein mohammad davoudi marzieh cheraghaliThe present study was conducted with the aim of study affecting factors on efficiency of research ethics from the viewpoint of female students of Farhangian University of Qom province The research methodology is theoretical survey and field study in terms of data collec MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of study affecting factors on efficiency of research ethics from the viewpoint of female students of Farhangian University of Qom province The research methodology is theoretical survey and field study in terms of data collection and descriptive survey respectively. Statistical population of study included students which amounted 750. The study's sample size was determined 256 students based on Morgan's table, and they were selected using Simple sampling method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the 5-point Likert scale which consists of 38 questions. The content-related validity of questionnaire was approved by experts, and its reliability was 0.93. The collected data was analyzed using the (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,) Data analysis was carried out through Structural Equation Modeling with Lisrel software.The results showed that that three factors including Individual factors, inside university environmental factor, and outside university environment effect on the student research ethics. It was also revealed that according to female students of Farhangian University of Qom province the outside environmental factor is the most effective one and individual factors and the inside environmental factor has the least influence on research ethics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
727 - The role of connection with nature and environmental empathy in adjustment to school
Karim SevariInformation, values and attitudes related to the basis of life are conveyed through the school and to achieve these goals, adaptation to the school is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the role of connection with nature and environmental empathy in adjus MoreInformation, values and attitudes related to the basis of life are conveyed through the school and to achieve these goals, adaptation to the school is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the role of connection with nature and environmental empathy in adjustment to school. The statistical population was the tenth female students of Bandar-e-Imam city, of which 198 were selected voluntarily. To collect data, the Masito-Ferrer et al. (2019) nature connection and environmental empathy questionnaire (Its reliability is .88 and its validity is confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis) and the Kawa et al. (2015) adjustment to school questionnaire (Its reliability is 0.83 and its validity is confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis) were used. The research design is correlational. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24 with the help of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between connection with nature and environmental empathy with adjustment to school. Regression analysis showed that connection with nature and environmental empathy were able to explain 22% of adjustment to school. The present study suggests that in explaining adjustment to school, attention should be paid to the role of connection with nature and environmental empathy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
728 - Investigating the condition of Iran's sports facilities in terms of dimensions and components of green management (Environmentally sustainable development)
sajed pourhassanToday, the goal of protecting the environment is to achieve sustainable development in the form of economic programs in harmony with the principles of environmental protection and preventing the destruction and depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources. Green m MoreToday, the goal of protecting the environment is to achieve sustainable development in the form of economic programs in harmony with the principles of environmental protection and preventing the destruction and depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources. Green management is the effective and efficient use of all resources to guide the organization to achieve environmental goals with the aim of creating social acceptance and preserving the environment. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the condition of sports facilities in terms of dimensions and components of green management. The current research was quantitative in terms of methodology, applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive in terms of data collection. 220 people were selected as a sample from the statistical population that included experts in the field of sports management familiar with the research topic and experts in the field of environment. Green management questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using binomial ratio test in SPSS software. The results showed that the current situation of sports facilities and facilities in terms of applying green management in Iran is in an unfavorable situation. The improvement of the environment will be achieved when the natural environment and human culture are related. The necessity of realizing such a goal is the existence of environmental ethics and culture in all strata of a society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
729 - The effect of voluntary information disclosure on environmental costs
fatemeh golzadeh mohammad reza Abbasi AstemalThe present study effect of voluntary disclosure of information on environmental costs with emphasis on internal control structure. This research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology, the correlation is of the causal type (after event). The syste MoreThe present study effect of voluntary disclosure of information on environmental costs with emphasis on internal control structure. This research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology, the correlation is of the causal type (after event). The systematic elimination sampling, 129 companies were selected as sample and were investigated in the period of 8 years between 2014 and 2021. The method used to collect information is a library and data are collected for measuring variables from the codal website and corporate financial statements and in Excel, basic calculations have been made then, to test the hypotheses of the software stata was used. The results of the research show that voluntary disclosure of information has a direct impact on environmental costs. Also, internal control structure has a direct effect on the relationship between voluntary information disclosure and environmental costs.Keyword: voluntary disclosure of information, environmental costs, internal control structure Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
730 - Content analysis of the Journal of The Application of chemistry in Environment based on Shannon entropy with environmental assumptions
Younes Karimi Fardinpour Nasser Moslehi MilaniThis article analyzes the content of the Journal of The Application of Chemistry in Environment based on environmental assumptions. The statistical population of this study is all articles published in issues 35 to 38 of the journal. Research data were collected using c MoreThis article analyzes the content of the Journal of The Application of Chemistry in Environment based on environmental assumptions. The statistical population of this study is all articles published in issues 35 to 38 of the journal. Research data were collected using checklist tools and statistically analyzed using Excel software. In this paper, Shannon entropy content analysis method is used to process data quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on entropy indices, the content of articles has been studied based on 7 main components and 93 sub-components of environmental education. The results of the analysis show that the main components related to humans and the environment with 9 articles (32.1%) and water environmental problems with 7 articles (25%) have the highest frequency. The components of waste and recycling value with 1 article are only 3.6 percent and the components of environmental problems of air, soil, sound and protection of natural resources with 0 articles (zero percent) have the lowest amount. Findings from the abundance of components have shown that the components of environmental education do not have a normal distribution and some components have not been addressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
731 - Antibiotics in the environment: An overview of the sources, distribution, occurrence, effects, fate and risk assessment of antibiotics in the environment
Ahmad Asl hashemiAntibiotics are one of the largest groups of medicinal compounds that are used in medicine and veterinary medicine. These compounds, despite having positive effects in preventing and treating diseases in humans and animals, also have adverse effects on the environment. MoreAntibiotics are one of the largest groups of medicinal compounds that are used in medicine and veterinary medicine. These compounds, despite having positive effects in preventing and treating diseases in humans and animals, also have adverse effects on the environment. Recently, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the subsequent entry of these compounds into the environment have led to an increase in concerns at the global level. These compounds are not traditionally considered environmental pollutants, however, there are concerns about the emergence of these compounds in aquatic systems, due to their biological effects and potential risks to the environment and health. It is human. Conventional water and wastewater treatment processes are not designed to remove small amounts of chemicals such as antibiotics. Therefore, the entry of these compounds into the environment from different sources leads to the pollution of plants, animals, and water and soil environments and also creates problems for public health. In addition, the presence of these medicinal compounds in the environment leads to the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that potentially threaten the functioning of the ecosystem and human health. Then, the occurrence and the ways of their entry into the environment, as well as the negative effects of antibiotics on the environment and human health, were surveyed. Finally, the topics related to their fate and management and risk assessment of antibiotics in the environment were studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
732 - Performance evaluation of biodegradable films in food packaging
zohreh Ghazi tabatabaei Mahsa Akbarinejad Vaighan leila mohammadpoorPetroleum-based plastics or composite have created serious problems for the environment, and for this reason, researchers sought to produce alternative sustainable structures. Edible and degradable films were examples of materials that were produced and used for this pu MorePetroleum-based plastics or composite have created serious problems for the environment, and for this reason, researchers sought to produce alternative sustainable structures. Edible and degradable films were examples of materials that were produced and used for this purpose. Edible films are thin layers of edible material that can be placed on or between foods, but an edible coating is mainly placed on food products. Many studies have been conducted in this field for several years, but there is no comprehensive review in this field. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the performance of biodegradable films in food packaging. Various studies have used different materials such as starch, gelatin, chitosan, alginate, cellulose and etc. to produce biofilms, which, in addition to advantages such as biodegradability, have disadvantages such as weak mechanical and barrier properties. In this study, the effectiveness of biodegradable films in food packaging is investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
733 - The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Components on Environmental Costs in the Petrochemical Industry
Mohammadreza Abbasi Astamal Zeynab HeydariThe present study Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Components on Environmental Costs in the Petrochemical Industry. This research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology, the correlation is of the causal type (after event). The systematic e MoreThe present study Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Components on Environmental Costs in the Petrochemical Industry. This research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology, the correlation is of the causal type (after event). The systematic elimination sampling, 11 companies were selected as sample and were investigated in the period of 8 years between 2013 and 2020. The method used to collect information is a library and data are collected for measuring variables from the codal website and corporate financial statements and in Excel, basic calculations have been made then, to test the hypotheses of the software stata was used. The results of the research show that components of corporate social responsibility have an impact on environmental accounting in petrochemical industries. The components of corporate social responsibility have an impact on institutional pressures in petrochemical industries. The components of corporate social responsibility have an impact on green innovation in petrochemical industries. Corporate social responsibility components have an impact on environmental performance in petrochemical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
734 - Effects of heavy metals on children's health
Ahmad Asl hashemi Fatemeh Yaghoobi roodposhti Gholamhossein SafariChildren are more susceptible and vulnerable to environmental pollutants relative to adults. Due to their unique physiological and behavioral characteristics, children are easier to be exposed to environmental pollutants than the general population. Children are more se MoreChildren are more susceptible and vulnerable to environmental pollutants relative to adults. Due to their unique physiological and behavioral characteristics, children are easier to be exposed to environmental pollutants than the general population. Children are more sensitive to chemical exposure as their organs are still developing and not yet mature and their immune systems and detoxification mechanisms are weaker than adults. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic), their sources, possible routes of exposure and entry of heavy metals into children's bodies, the vulnerability of children to heavy metals and the adverse effects of heavy metals on children's health. Entry of heavy metals to the body occurs through inhalation of contaminated air, dermal absorption, consumption of contaminated food, and drinking of contaminated water. Exposure of children to heavy metals has adverse impacts on their health. The entry of heavy metals into children's bodies affects not only the physical development of children but also their nervous system, kidneys, and bones. Exposure to heavy metals during pregnancy and childhood leads to unfavorable brain development and increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and so-called autism in children. Many of these metals lead to mental retardation and neurological disorders in children due to memory problems and low IQ. Because of the detrimental health effects of heavy metals on children, efforts should be made to curb their pollution or release to the environment through stringent laws and regulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
735 - Assessment of Environmental Effects due to Mining Activities and Examining Solutions to Exposure with it
Somayeh Baharlouei YancheshmehMining activities lead to the production of large amounts of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni). Concentrations higher than the standard values will have harmful effects on the environment and the normal functioning of MoreMining activities lead to the production of large amounts of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni). Concentrations higher than the standard values will have harmful effects on the environment and the normal functioning of systems and organisms where these elements accumulate. One of the major destructive results of these activities is the contamination of underground water due to the accumulation of mine tailings. If the tailings are not properly controlled and managed, their harmful substances enter the surface and underground waters and pollute the area. In last years, the use of biotechnology achievements and especially microorganisms in order to remove heavy metals and their compounds has been very effective. Depending on the intensity of pollution, the cell structure of these microorganisms may be changed to the extent that they can tolerate higher concentrations of heavy metals. In other words, they can adapt to higher concentrations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
736 - Statistical studies and investigation of environmental contamination of arsenic in stream sediments of Zaylik area, southeast of Ahar
Abolfazl Hasanzadeh Koulani Somayeh Baharlouei YancheshmehAbstractAccording to the statistical studies that were carried out in the Zylik mineralization zone, most of the samples collected from stream sediments show the concentration of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) higher than their Clarke concentration (Clarke number or cla MoreAbstractAccording to the statistical studies that were carried out in the Zylik mineralization zone, most of the samples collected from stream sediments show the concentration of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) higher than their Clarke concentration (Clarke number or clarke is the relative abundance of a chemical element, typically in Earth's crust). Also, according to the United States environmental protection agency (U.S. EPA) report, these values are higher than its standard for residential and industrial areas. According to the geochemical distribution map of these elements, the highest concentration of arsenic (As) is in the north and northeast and antimony (Sb) is in the north, south and east of the study area. It seems that this enrichment corresponds to the streams passing through the siliceous veins and caps in the north of the region. Therefore, this area can be the source of environmental contamination, which affects the ecosystem as a result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
737 - Gasification of waste and biomass and its effects on the environment
saman salavatiStudies and calculations show that from 1.2 kilograms of biomass, Cause to produce about 1 kilowatt of electricity, 2.5 cubic meters of gas and at least 4,000 kilojoules per cubic meter of thermal energy. Due to the non-consumable of agricultural wastes and similar biom MoreStudies and calculations show that from 1.2 kilograms of biomass, Cause to produce about 1 kilowatt of electricity, 2.5 cubic meters of gas and at least 4,000 kilojoules per cubic meter of thermal energy. Due to the non-consumable of agricultural wastes and similar biomass that are not worth much and have environmental problems, it is possible to produce very cheap electric or thermal energy through the produced gas. Also, the use of these waste in the process of energy production and installation of biomass plants can be used in the agricultural industry, recycling and etc. therefore, its significant impact on the environment is due to the reduction of pollutants and the reduction or elimination of the total volume of waste through the process of gasification and conversion to high-effective products, including gas, biochar, and biofuel. And another reason for its high thermal efficiency of at least 80% is its economic justification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
738 - Evaluating Liberalist Approaches in the Face of Global Environmental Problems
Moslem Sanei mashaallah heydarpour Davoud KiyaniMoslem Sanei[1] mashaallah heydarpour[2] Davoud Kiyani[3] Abstract: The development and expansion of industrial civilization, scientism, and the originality of the individual, although it has enabled human to dominate the nature, failed to provide the ideal world of lif MoreMoslem Sanei[1] mashaallah heydarpour[2] Davoud Kiyani[3] Abstract: The development and expansion of industrial civilization, scientism, and the originality of the individual, although it has enabled human to dominate the nature, failed to provide the ideal world of life. The challenges arising from this epistemological methodology and the resulting global env­ir­on­m­e­n­tal dilemmas have raised fundamental questions about such selfish civilizational behavior and unbridled industrial growth. Different theories of international relations have offered different solutions to these questions. According to their ontological and epistemological foundations, liberal approaches also seek to solve global environmental problems. Focusing on global cooperation, peace, the role of nongovernmental actors, inte­rn­ati­o­n­a­l law, institutionalism and international regimes are among the positive points of liberal theories in the face of global environmental problems. On the other hand, the emphasis on individual authenticity and individual freedoms, the priority of economic issues, the neglect of other factors limi­t­i­n­g cooperation and the national interests of the great powers, the lack of practical attention to sustainable development, the neglect of levels of regional and regional analysis has been considered as weaknesses of this approach. [1] - PhD student in International Relations, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch. [2] - Assistant Professor of International Relations, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch; Corresponding Author [3] - Associate Professor of International Relations, Department of Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
739 - Legal Challenges of Nano-technology in International law and Iranian law: Legal Solutions
Niloofar Sadeghi Abbas Poorhashemi Ali Mashhadi Ali FaghihhabibiNanotechnology and its various applications, especially in the field of environment, not only caused the prevention and elimination of environmental pollution and environmental protection but could also lead to sustainable development. Of course, the potential dangers o MoreNanotechnology and its various applications, especially in the field of environment, not only caused the prevention and elimination of environmental pollution and environmental protection but could also lead to sustainable development. Of course, the potential dangers of some Nano-material could lead to environmental degradation or pollution. The rapid advances in Nano-technology have challenged traditional legislative regimes in both international law and national law, including in the field of the environment. The subject of this research is to investigate the legal gaps in nanotechnology, which has been done to determine the legal challenges in the use of this technology and also provide legal solutions. The present article is descriptive-analytical and finally, it has been concluded that if a coordinated effort is made between the various parts of the regulatory system at the national and international levels, it is possible to solve challenges and it can lead to the development of regulations at national and international levels. The development of new and special laws to eliminate the shortcomings of the existing regulatory system is one of the solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
740 - Prediction of Digital Governance in the Direction of Urban Smartness with Sustainability Approach (Case Study: Tehran)
Bahram Parvin Ali Shayan Alireza Poorebrahimi Reza Radfar -
Open Access Article
741 - The role of supply chain flexibility adjustment on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and supply chain risk with supply chain risk reduction approach
fahime safikhani Mohammadreza safikhani Reza Ehtesham RasiThis study aims at understanding the antecedents of supply chain operational risk faced by firms and the conditions under which such risks can be mitigated. Using structural equation modeling, we investigate the relationships between environmental uncertainty and supply MoreThis study aims at understanding the antecedents of supply chain operational risk faced by firms and the conditions under which such risks can be mitigated. Using structural equation modeling, we investigate the relationships between environmental uncertainty and supply chain risk and the moderating effect of supply chain flexibility. We identify appropriate types of flexibility to mitigate the three major aspects of supply chain risk: supply risk, manufacturing process risk and delivery risk. Our empirical investigation reveals that uncertainty in the supply chain leads to don’t be high supply chain risk; and in uncertain environments, supply and manufacturing flexibility dont help in reducing the supply and manufacturing process risks respectively. However, our results also indicate that, in emerging markets such as iran where logistic infrastructure is less developed, internal capabilities alone may not be sufficient in reducing supply understanding of the types of flexibility that can mitigate supply chain risk in different business environments.chain delivery risk. Our findings not only contribute towards filling certain gaps in the supply chain risk management literature, but also provide practicing managers and researchers a better . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
742 - Interpretative Structural Modeling for Assessing Incentives Identified in the Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management
Mohamad Mirabi Zahra DelshadGreen supply chain management activities can improve company reputation and customer satisfaction and Environment initiatives and resource efficiency, thereby improving the company's economic performance. Among the factors that influence the adoption of green supply cha MoreGreen supply chain management activities can improve company reputation and customer satisfaction and Environment initiatives and resource efficiency, thereby improving the company's economic performance. Among the factors that influence the adoption of green supply chain management, external stimuli have more power than inter-organization. The improvement of the quality of goods and services, cost savings and increased efficiency in the manufacturing industry are known as powerful stimuli. In this research, firstly, by reviewing the theoretical issues, the main factors of the green supply chain drivers have been identified in one of the manufacturing industries and then, using the method of interpretive structural modeling, the relationships between the factors have been analyzed. The results of this study indicate that the identified factors can be classified into five levels based on the interpretive structural model, and the factor of international and state laws and regulations for the organization's commitment to the implementation of green supply chain management has been identified as the most influential factor. Having it can cause many other factors. Also, in terms of the degree of penetration and dependence, factors that are more important and at lower levels, most of them are located in an independent region with high penetration and low degree of dependency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
743 - Ranking of environmental variables and social responsibility on the market value of companies based on FAHP Technique
Hadi Ashraf Talesh Gholam Reza Farsad Amanollahi Amir Reza KeyghobadiAbstractThis study follows to explain a model for ranking companies in terms of environmental reporting and social responsibility on the market value of companies by fuzzy hierarchical analysis in Iran. In this regard, after receiving the opinions of experts, a conceptu MoreAbstractThis study follows to explain a model for ranking companies in terms of environmental reporting and social responsibility on the market value of companies by fuzzy hierarchical analysis in Iran. In this regard, after receiving the opinions of experts, a conceptual model of research was developed. two criteria and each with 5 sub-criteria with 3 options were developed. The results show that the criteria of commitment to employees and commitment to social programs of the social responsibility variable are ranked 1 and 3, and this indicates that stakeholders in their analysis pay special attention to these two criteria and The issue of human resources and their promotion programs plays a prominent role in the results of the article.The criterion of environmental rules and regulations is ranked 2nd among environmental variables and the rest of the environmental criteria are ranked at low levels. The results of the study indicate that if the government is required to implement strict laws and regulations, companies are obliged to fulfill their environmental obligations and will take steps to produce environmentally friendly products and sustainable development. The placement of equipment pollution in the 5th rank also explains the calibration and improvement of machinery and equipment in the direction of minimum pollution. The low rankings of environmental variables indicate the high gap between the expectations of society and the current situation, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
744 - Investigating the relationship between green management and sustainable performance of active companies in the petrochemical industry
Reza Jalalian Larki belghis bavarsad Saber AlizadehThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between green management and sustainable performance. The petrochemical industry creates a very dangerous type of pollution due to its feed and production, which seriously harms human health and environmental MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between green management and sustainable performance. The petrochemical industry creates a very dangerous type of pollution due to its feed and production, which seriously harms human health and environmental health. Therefore, in this study the relationship between green management and sustainable performance of active companies in the petrochemical industry was investigated. The research method is survey. The statistical population includes 16 petrochemical companies in Khuzestan province that using Cochran formula, 190 managers, supervisors and employees were selected by stratified sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire that its reliability and validity were examined. The results were obtained using structural analysis showed that green management has a significant positive relationship with economic performance, environmental performance and social performance and Also the intensity of the relationship between green management and environmental performance is more than the other two dimensions of sustainable performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
745 - Designing an environmental NGO model with an effective leadership approach
Razieh Taghizadeh Farajollah Rahnavard Hamidreza YazdaniAt present, non-governmental organizations play an important role in civic activities, especially in the context of environmental activities. Many NGOs face leadership challenges regarding human resources and organizational facilities in light of the inconsistency betwe MoreAt present, non-governmental organizations play an important role in civic activities, especially in the context of environmental activities. Many NGOs face leadership challenges regarding human resources and organizational facilities in light of the inconsistency between their organizational structure and missions. Considering their different nature from other bureaucratic organizations, NGOs have a voluntary and flexible approach since if they do not adapt their structure, culture, and processes to their nature, they will not achieve their main goals. This study aims to design a model of environmental NGOs to effectively lead these organizations using a descriptive-exploratory method for a developmental purpose. Qualitative data collecting was done using interviews. Participants in this study include managers and officials of NGOs with a managerial background in environmental activities. The model was designed using a grounded theory strategy with the Glaser approach. Based on the open and theoretical coding results, the concepts of loop structure and communication, volunteering jobs evaluation, volunteer forces grading, and virtual networks management constitute the category of network organization. Also, the concepts of volunteer recruitment, training, performance evaluation, and service compensation are among the categories of volunteer human resource management. Furthermore, the concepts of participation and equality constitute the category of voluntary and participatory organizational culture. Meanwhile, effective leadership of environmental elements in the form of organizational charter includes the components of participatory, service-oriented, transformational, and legal-oriented. The concepts of voluntary public participation, sustainable development, and sustainable environmental development also constitute the category of environmentally sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
746 - Provide a model of dimensions and components affecting the optimization of the establishment of electronic human resource management
mehrzad sarfarazi gholamreza memarzadeh tehran seyed mahdi alvani mohammadali afshar kazemiBackground and Aim:The purpose of this study is to provide a model of dimensions and components affecting the optimization of the establishment of electronic human resource management in the Iranian banking industry. Methodology:The present study was an applied research MoreBackground and Aim:The purpose of this study is to provide a model of dimensions and components affecting the optimization of the establishment of electronic human resource management in the Iranian banking industry. Methodology:The present study was an applied research, the purpose of exploratory research was the type of quantitative and qualitative data and the field implementation method and questionnaire and interview tools.Delphi fan methods, Delphi fuzzy, fuzzy network process analysis, linear optimization method was used to optimize the establishment of human resource electronic backbone management in the banking industry and was used to analyze the data. And Excel was done.Findings:The findings showed that 30 important components in six dimensions of organizational, environmental (government), process, cultural, technological and individual can be modeled and the component of "government laws" act as the cornerstone of the model and to begin the establishment Optimal human resource management system should be emphasized in the first place.Conclusion: Optimization of the model of electronic human resource management deployment showed that the model in a state of 100% benefit with a combination of individual dimensions of 0.61, process 0.55 and organizational 58 0. and technological 0.62 and cultural 0.71 and environmental-economic is 0.52 which in comparison with the current situation has a gap of 0.11 in the individual dimension, 0.15 in the process dimension, 0.18 in the organizational dimension, 27 0.0 in the technological dimension, 0.26 in the cultural dimension and finally 0.13 in the environmental-economic dimension, which will optimize the establishment of electronic human resource management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
747 - Study of Indices of Executive Information System's Utilization with Regards to Effective Factors in Use of EIS (AlborzDarou Pharmaceutical Company)
Ahmad Sardari Naeimeh KhoeiniNowadays, information technology and its evolution have turned into one of the most important strategic elements of organization. Senior managers of organization have effective role in the organization's function thanks to their decisions. Organizations need different i MoreNowadays, information technology and its evolution have turned into one of the most important strategic elements of organization. Senior managers of organization have effective role in the organization's function thanks to their decisions. Organizations need different instruments for getting access to updated information. One of these instruments is executive information systems the use of which depends on different factors. This study aims to examine indices related to the application of information system in terms of the effective factors which are important in the use of EIS in the following 3 groups: Technological, Organizational and Environmental. These in docs will be ranked. The statistical population of this research included senior, middle and operational managers and information technology department's experts in AlborzDarou Pharmaceutical Company. A questionnaire tool developed by researcher was used for data gathering. Research finding based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicted that the following factors have sequentially effective role in utilization of this system: 1) Technological factors: User Technical-Support, IS Competency, IS Structure, IS Facilities; 2) Organizational factors: Top Management Support, Functional Integration, Firm Size, Information Intensity; 3) Environmental Factors: Environmental uncertainty, External Pressure. These factors account for approximately 56% of effective factors in use of EIS. Therefore it must be said that there are other key factors which are not included in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
748 - Exploring Effective Factors in Ergonomic System Responsiveness to Managers and Employees’ Requirements: A Case Study of Irankhodro Company
Mohammad Mehdi Movahedi Morteza YousefyIn this paper, we introduce ergonomic system in assembly department of Irankhodro as a case study, and then we measure its role in employees’ health and improving efficiency and productivity. To this end, we studied the effective factors including environmental, p MoreIn this paper, we introduce ergonomic system in assembly department of Irankhodro as a case study, and then we measure its role in employees’ health and improving efficiency and productivity. To this end, we studied the effective factors including environmental, physical, safety, mental, psychological, and training. This research is descriptive – applicative in nature. Data were collected through observation, interview, and questioners. We used t student, ANOVA, and multi-dimensional comparing statistical techniques for analyzing the data. The results of t student trial showed that there is a meaningful relationship between employees’ mental and psychological factors at 0.05. There is also a meaningful difference between environmental, ventilation, and physical factors and the rate of carrying the goods. Beside, the results of ANOVA trial showed that there is a relationship between different levels of managers, and employees’ judgments regarding environmental, physical, and mental factors. The results of multi-comparison trial also confirmed differences among employees’ ideas, and the judgments of medium, and executives’ managers of the organization. After analyzing the opinions of employees and managers, we concluded that ergonomic system cannot apply to some employees’ needs. So, we tried to examine the difficulties and hindrances in the application of environmental ergonomic system. Finally, some suggestions for promoting the ergonomic systems are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
749 - Identifying the Factors Affecting on the Employee’s Silence in Sepehr Electric Company
Mohammad Ataei Nasrin Ghorbani NiaSince the human resources are generally the most important resources of any organization, managers should pay special attention to human behavior in organizations and for this purpose, they should equipped with knowledge of organizational behavior that help them to unde MoreSince the human resources are generally the most important resources of any organization, managers should pay special attention to human behavior in organizations and for this purpose, they should equipped with knowledge of organizational behavior that help them to understand the behavior causes, predict and guide the behavior, so that they can lead human resources as a organizational resource toward goals of the organization. The aim of this study is: Identifying the factors affecting on the employee's silence in Sepehr Electric Company in (2015-2016). This research is descriptive – casual survey (cross-sectional) and in the terms of target is functional. The study population includes Sepehr Electric employees which according to information obtained from the company equal to the number of 494 people. The sample size is including 84 persons who are selected by random sampling method. To collect data, questionnaire was used. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the advisors and experts and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient that this coefficient was obtained 0/982 for the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and Lisrel. In this regard, to test hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation is used. The results indicate that all hypotheses other than fourth hypothesis concerning the impact of group factor have not been excluded. In this way, we can this claim not to exclude that organizational, environmental and individual factors have significant impacts on organizational silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
750 - Identification of barriers to the implementation of 58th article of the Civil Service Management Law in order to improve the empowerment of the staffs to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the Melli Bank
Shirin Abdoli Javad MehrabiIn this study, the barriers of 58th law of country servise management in line with staff’s empowerment to efficiency and effectiveness of Meli bank were studied. . This research is applicable, and correlational in nature of purpose, and descreiptive-fielding in pa MoreIn this study, the barriers of 58th law of country servise management in line with staff’s empowerment to efficiency and effectiveness of Meli bank were studied. . This research is applicable, and correlational in nature of purpose, and descreiptive-fielding in path. The statistical population includes all employees working in the administrative office of the Meli Bank in Qazvin that their number was 230 people. A number of 124 people from this population were selected as. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire has two parts. The questionnaire includes 18 specific questions. The validity measured using the content validity and approved by numbers of 15 experts also internal consistency reliability was used to assess the reliability of the assay. The questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 30 experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the reliability of the questionnaire organizational silence equals 0.712. The numbers of 140 questionnaires were distributed among employees that 124 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Factor analysis and Freidman test). The results indicated that environmental, organizational, managerial, personality factors are barriers to implementing of 58th service management law in Meli bank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
751 - Pathology of Employees Performance Management System at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences by Using three-dimensional
Mohammad Mohsen Najafi Zadeh Syyed Mohammad ZahediPresent study addresses the pathology of employees’ performance management system of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences to increase employees’ productivity and in turn contribute to productivity of that organization. Present research was an applied one wi MorePresent study addresses the pathology of employees’ performance management system of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences to increase employees’ productivity and in turn contribute to productivity of that organization. Present research was an applied one with respect to its purpose and a survey-descriptive field study with respect to its methodology .In present research, descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Accordingly, the staff of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences were considered as the statistical population of the study which comprised of 859 employees .Using Cochran's formula ,the sample size was determined to be 266 and the same number of questionnaire copies was distributed andfinally246 ones were collected. The findings of the study suggested that pathology of employees’ performance system may be explained based on the three dimensional model included: structural factors (inappropriate performance evaluation system, lack of a link between compensation system and performance management, lack of use of IT in performance management system and shortage of resources required to implement and operate the performance management system), behavioral factors (lack of management commitment to performance management ,low level of employees’ knowledge on the performance management system, lack of performance review and revision, lack of organizational culture) and environmental factors (lack of attention to client opinions in the performance management system, lack of comprehensive rules and regulations related to the performance management system). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
752 - The relationship between strategic orientation and Social Responsibility in karaj industrial companies
Reza EhteshamRsi Vahid Amini Saeed AminiThe present study aims to examine relationship between strategic orientation and Social Responsibility in karaj industrial companies. Statistical population consisted of 3697 people including Senior Managers of karaj City’s industrial companies. Based on Cochran f MoreThe present study aims to examine relationship between strategic orientation and Social Responsibility in karaj industrial companies. Statistical population consisted of 3697 people including Senior Managers of karaj City’s industrial companies. Based on Cochran formula and random sampling, 348 people were chosen. This study is applied in objective and description-correlation in data collecting. Questionnaire is used to collect data and to verify its validity and reliability, experts’ opinions and software SPSS were used respectively. Cronbach alpha for strategic orientation and Social Responsibility both were above 0.7 indicating the questionnaire’s high reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS soft wares and path analysis model. Results show that there is positive and significant relationship between strategic orientation dimensions (aggression , cost orientation , Innovation orientation and tendency to risk) and Social Responsibility)Economic dimension، Social dimension ، Environmental dimension ( in industrial companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
753 - Investigating factors affecting on impulsive and compulsive buying with the role of moderating hedonic value
Masoud Semyari Fereshteh Mansouri Moayyed Majid SemyariImpulsive and compulsive buying behavior is one of the important aspects of consumer behavior and important concepts in the marketplace. In this paper, we have tried to examine the effective factors in the behavior of impulsive and compulsive buying behavior with the ro MoreImpulsive and compulsive buying behavior is one of the important aspects of consumer behavior and important concepts in the marketplace. In this paper, we have tried to examine the effective factors in the behavior of impulsive and compulsive buying behavior with the role of hedonic value among the consumers of Iranian fast moving consumer goods. The current research is aimed at an applied research in terms of data collection method. Descriptive research is also required. The required information is collected through quantitative methods and the survey method is also scrolling. The sample size included 508 people and information gathered by some questionnaires. The questionnaire validity reviewed by some comments Supervisors and other experts.. Questionnaire reliability used of Cranach's alpha and validity of the questionnaire has been used for content validity. In this study used of SEM (Structural equation modeling way) or Confirmatory factor analysis used of spss or pls software. The results showed that individual and environmental factors with role of hedonic value affected on impulsive and compulsive behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
754 - Identify barriers to the implementation of Article 36 of the Law on the National Bank in connection with the reform of the civil service management business processes (case study: payment)
Hosein Abedi Javad MehrabiIn this research to identify barriers to the implementation of Article 36 of the Law on the National Bank in connection with the reform of the civil service management business processes were discussed. The purpose of the research and descriptive correlational. The popu MoreIn this research to identify barriers to the implementation of Article 36 of the Law on the National Bank in connection with the reform of the civil service management business processes were discussed. The purpose of the research and descriptive correlational. The population of all administrative employees of the National Bank of Qazvin province were employed and that their number totaling 400 persons. The population using simple random sampling method for sampling and sample size of 196 was calculated. A questionnaire was used to collect research data. The questionnaire has two parts. The first part reviews the demographic characteristics of individuals which includes four questions, the second part of which contains 27 specific questions were specific questions. The validity of using content validity was approved for 12 tons of banking experts and internal consistency reliability was used to assess the reliability of the assay. The questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 25 employees of the Bank and the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 801/0. Then, 220 questionnaires were distributed among employees that analyzed 196 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. Analyzing the data collected, using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (SEM) was performed. The results showed that environmental barriers, organizational, managerial, interpersonal and technical obstacles to the implementation of Article 36 of the Law on Civil Service Management at National Bank of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
755 - Determination of Motivation, Work Environment, and Work Communication on Performance Through Competence at the Public Health Centers in Batam City
Fitri Astriani Novi noviyanti Chablullah Wibisono -
Open Access Article
756 - Improvement of Land Management in Ukraine
Skliar Yurii Bohinska Liudmyla Kapinos Nataliia Prokopenko Nataliia -
Open Access Article
757 - Analysis of the relationship between the behavioral characteristics of residents and the physical environment of residential spaces in CPTED approach (Case study of Tabarestan neighborhood of Sari)
Arian Rezaei khonakdar Mehdi Ghafouri Hossein ZabihiIt's obvious that crime is a general society concern. There are two main logic in crime investigations. The first set of research is based on physical characteristics such as different kinds of land use. This approach is derived from Jin Jacobs and then improved by usin MoreIt's obvious that crime is a general society concern. There are two main logic in crime investigations. The first set of research is based on physical characteristics such as different kinds of land use. This approach is derived from Jin Jacobs and then improved by using CPTED(Crime Prevention Through environmental design) and its strategies which previously had been discussed by Oskar Neman via protect's spaces. Second set of studies are related to quarters inhabitants' social characteristics, such as neighborhood, taking responsibilities, have a feeling of belongings to a place, social capital, cultural patterns and other variables that have been among a wide range of focused social factors in this research. Many fields of studies by considering some concepts, compare summary of netted problems. Historically, safety is perceived as an important factor in social life of every society. We can state that, city expansion and safety are two linked compartments that are followed by city sustainability, in a manner that the absence of one would cause some problems for the others and might bring obstacles for it. During recent decades, Civil researchers became vigilant about the role of architecture and city construction via making decisions and policies to create a desirable place and found some defensible theories of preventing crime by crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and environmental crime identification. Evidences shows that researches about the linkage between environment and behavior are very rampant. Nevertheless, hypothesis and processes of CPTED have been poorly tested. Sari city, reaches Mazandaran Sea from north and it reaches Alborz range of mountain from south, according to 2016 census, it's population was 347,402 people and the rate of population growth till 2026 is equal to 1.9 %. In this study, by various inhabitants' behavioral variables such as place ownership and realm protection, the sense of crowd and lack of control on environment, and anatomical variables with subsets such as place ownership, defensive privacy according to CPTED subsystems, by explicating safe habitable places in Sari city we try to figure out how can we adjust them to CPTED characteristics? Cities are sustainable and Complicated economic and social systems that deteriorate if their imbalances, such as security, are not controlled. It seems essential to examine the effect of behavioral patterns of residents (isolation, affinity, tolerance and anonymity) on security as well as the relationship between physical environment features and behavioral characteristics of residents based on CPTED approach in favor of environmental security. One of the newest approaches to urban security is Crime prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED). It seems essential to examine the effect of behavioral patterns of residents on security as well as the relationship between physical environment features and behavioral characteristics of residents based on CPTED approach in favor of environmental security.Given the success of the CPTED model in different parts of the world, it is hoped that according to the hypotheses, by explaining the patterns of safe residential environments in the city, it can be adapted to CPTED characteristics and the relationship between physical environment characteristics and behavioral characteristics of residents in residential spaces. The present study, which is a descriptive and exploratory research methodology with a quantitative research approach, evaluates the components of CPTED under the hypothesis that in the course of the research, documentary and library methodology was first used to systematically review the relevant resources to identify the main CPTED criteria. Physical and social cognition of Tabarestan neighborhood through the distribution of a questionnaire extracted from the components of residents' behavioral patterns and characteristics of the physical environment, purposefully and the analysis of qualitative data, the degree of importance of each criterion was evaluated to aim to examine the relationship between physical environment and residents' behavior Determinants in designing a safe urban environment and using descriptive statistics in GOF certification, using factor analysis model, using inferential statistics through the criterion of research hypotheses and using Kolmogorov-Smrinov test using analysis of 384 questionnaires in the present model of G-years for 98 and 99 It was calculated that it shows a strong overall fit of the model, all research hypotheses are confirmed and conclude the presentation of the CPTED conceptual model with challenges in generations of this concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
758 - Vitality of Residential Complexes Analysis and Evaluation of Functional, Social, Cultural and Environmental Indicators (Case study: Rasht residential complexes)
mahsa molaeihashjin amirreza karimiazeriToday, one of the problems that has plagued architectural and urban spaces is the issue of vitality. Vitality is one of the basic needs of cities that with the development of urbanization and social harms, its importance is increasing day by day. The increasing developm MoreToday, one of the problems that has plagued architectural and urban spaces is the issue of vitality. Vitality is one of the basic needs of cities that with the development of urbanization and social harms, its importance is increasing day by day. The increasing development of cities, the increase in population and the need for more housing have led to the demolition of houses and their conversion into high-rise buildings and residential complexes. In Iran, along with the growing trend of urbanization, the policy of mass production of housing in the form of housing complexes as one of the ways to respond to housing needs has expanded rapidly. For this reason, in recent decades in Iran, the pattern of housing production has changed and the need to create mass housing has reduced the quality and desirability of designs. The design of today's residential complexes has caused problems for the individual and social life of the residents due to the lack of attention to human needs and the lack of psychological consequences. Among the psychological needs of human beings in urban spaces and residential complexes is the need to live in a lively and high quality environment. Vitality is an urban keyword that speaks of the dynamism and vibrancy of space in various economic, social, physical and cultural dimensions. There is a close relationship between the quality of spaces and environments outside buildings and the activities that take place in them. Since the level of vitality of people is directly related to improving their quality of life, so its very important to address this issue. The main problem in this study is the non-response of the environment to the psychological needs of citizens, which has caused the existing spaces to face dissatisfaction of residents, which causes only places to be built without considering the needs of users whose public spaces do not meet residents' satisfaction. And have created unsafe and unpleasant environments for them. The main question of the research is to what extent the functional, social, cultural and environmental indicators of open and semi-open spaces affect the sense of vitality of the residents of residential complexes. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate how and to what extent the functional, social, cultural and environmental components of open and semi-open spaces increase the sense of vitality of the residents of residential complexes in Rasht. The research method is combined research (quantitative, qualitative). In the first stage (qualitative method) by studying the research literature and research background, effective factors on life were extracted. At this stage, in order to achieve the desired result and select the most important micro-criteria, the criteria were categorized and compiled in the form of a questionnaire with 5 architects and urban planning specialists (faculty members) to score each of the criteria and select the most important The micro-criteria were surveyed by a closed-ended questionnaire from the lowest (1) to the highest score (5) for each micro-criterion and analyzed by Spss22 software and Friedman ranking test and the most important micro-criteria affecting vitality were extracted. Then, 5 other architects and urban planners were interviewed in the form of a questionnaire. Minority meta-criteria were removed and some common meta-criteria were merged. Finally, the most important components affecting vitality were developed. In the next step (quantitative method), the required data were collected by survey method and through a researcher-made closed-ended questionnaire from the residents of three residential complexes of Pardisan, Cactus and Lakanshahr in Rasht. Residential marked. Sampling was performed using Morgan table. In the next step, with the Pearson test, the correctness of the research hypotheses is analyzed and evaluated. The results of field studies show that there is a significant relationship between the functional, social, cultural and environmental components of this study and the vitality of the residents of the complex. Environmental activity, social activities, recreational activities, attendance, social adjustment, identity, sensory richness, cultural interactions, environmental cleanliness, harmony with nature and comfort. . Finally, according to the research, it is possible to suggest recommendations and solutions in the field of architectural design to improve the vitality of residents in open and semi-open spaces of residential complexes, which is presented in a table in the result section. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
759 - Explaining the Ecosophical approach in Promoting the Sustainability of the Local heritage of Eco-Museums (a Case Study of the Guilan Rural Heritage Museum)
nazanin islamiWith the excessive consumption of energy and its risks, which has become a global concern, paying attention to indigenous technologies becomes more important day by day. In the process of globalization, local cultural diversities have been threatened, and among these, t MoreWith the excessive consumption of energy and its risks, which has become a global concern, paying attention to indigenous technologies becomes more important day by day. In the process of globalization, local cultural diversities have been threatened, and among these, the concern of weakening the roots of diverse identity and especially the cultural differences belonging to rural populations has always been raised as the main challenge of international discussions in recent years. The set of these developments has been the focus of a new look at modern concepts in the field of the concept of heritage as well as museology knowledge. According to what was noticed about the evolutionary process of Eco-museums, this cultural, social and environmental phenomenon can be described as a symbolic evolution in the age of globalization. A phenomenon that initially arose due to economic reasons and then gained strength with government investment and was gradually mixed with popular participation. Further, its protection goals were emphasized and various elements were added to it. Gradually, the communication between sciences found a more prominent role in the management of Eco-museums, and educational goals were also seen in it, which is a sign of the professionalization of the concept of Eco-museums in the thinking of the 20th century. The present study was developed with the aim of explaining the role of the Ecosophical approach in promoting the sustainability of the local heritage of Eco-museums in order to answer these questions: What role does the Ecosophical approach play in promoting the sustainability of the local heritage of Eco-museums? How can eco-museums, considering this approach, while developing some of their environmental capabilities, play a significant role in the field of knowledge and understanding of the traditional space of subcultures? The framework of the research is based on the analysis of the famous French thinker Felix Guattari's point of view in the comparative study of the ecosophy concept in the relationship between the body, environment and human needs as three influencing factors on the quality of body design and based on that, the initial research model is designed. It has been laid out. Then, according to the theoretical foundations of the approaches related to the concept of eco-museum, another model is presented in relation to the interaction of the concept of eco-museum with the approaches of social-cultural Contextualism / social sustainability and architecture inspired by nature, and finally the main model of the research is based on the relationship between the two The first model was formed and their common components were extracted. This research was conducted in a comparative manner and with a qualitative approach with the help of documentary studies, in which the historical-interpretive research method was used in the part of gathering theoretical-historical foundations and the descriptive-analytical research method was used in the context of examining the sample under study (Rural Heritage Museum of Guilan). The statistical population includes all Eco-museums, and the sample population includes those eco-museums that have stylistic affinities in terms of physical and functional similarities. Finally, the analytical model of the research is designed based on the adaptation of Felix Guattari's point of view (about Ecosophy) and the approaches of Contextualism, social sustainability and ecosystem architecture. The results of the research show that there are significant similarities in the comparative comparison of each of the components of Ecosophy in the three levels of mental ecology, social ecology and natural ecology with the approaches examined (including social sustainability, Socio-cultural Contextualism and ecosystem architecture) and these similarities in Eco-museums and Especially the rural heritage museum of Guilan has been manifested in the form of objective, functional and physical similarities. Using new approaches of social sustainability and cultural Contextualism, eco-museums present a new meaning of the words heritage, protection and education to their visitors and subculture. Eco-museums can be considered as a special geographical area where cultural heritage is protected and through people's participation, they try to create a coherent network to introduce the knowledge of the past to the current and future generations. From this point of view, eco-museums are considered as spaces completely dependent on nature, which have rediscovered their form in the course of social developments. Places with real identity that are considered local, national and global capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
760 - Thermal comfort evaluation of occupants in recently built buildings in the mountainous area of humid and moderate climate during the summer (case Study: Ali Abad Katul)
milad Karimi Shahin Heidari Seyed Majid Mofidi ShemiraniIn this article, we examine the thermal comfort levels of residents living in new facilities in the mountainous area of Aliabad Katul in the Golestan province. This area has its own climatic conditions and is influenced by moderate climate conditions due to its location MoreIn this article, we examine the thermal comfort levels of residents living in new facilities in the mountainous area of Aliabad Katul in the Golestan province. This area has its own climatic conditions and is influenced by moderate climate conditions due to its location in the southern region of the Caspian Sea. Golestan is located in the temperate and humid region of the shores of the Caspian Sea. The more we move to the east on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, the less humidity and rainfall. In this area, the average temperature is between 25 and 30 degrees Celsius in summer and 0 and 5 degrees Celsius in winter. The four selected buildings are located in the mountainous area of Rig Cheshme and are built on two floors and the second floor is 3 meters above the ground, and each floor has an area of 45 square meters. The south porch is 10.3 meters in length and 2.95 meters in width. Most of the primary openings are located in this area of the building, which also serves as the main entry to the units. These buildings have one bedroom, one bathroom and six openings. These buildings were chosen for the study because all the new buildings in the area was strikingly similar to them in terms of construction techniques, materials, and their floor plans. The sole heating source in the main room is a wood fireplace, while the only cooling source in the building is a ceiling fan. These buildings are influenced by the local traditional architecture, including broad porches on the southern side that face the valley. In this study, the participants' comfort levels were assessed, and their opinions were gathered utilizing the assembled questionnaires. Two data loggers were also employed to capture the relative humidity and air temperature of the inside and outside environments at the same time the questionnaires were being completed. For one week in July, the hours for collecting opinions and gathering data were 10:00–18:00. Since July has the warmest weather of the year, there is a higher than usual demand for cooling solutions during this month. One data logger is placed outside (on the south porch and in the shade) at a height of 1.2 meters, while the other is placed inside the residences in the center of the room at the same height. Cross ventilation was set up and air flow speed was monitored during the data collection period in order to examine the impact of air flow intensity on relative humidity and air temperature within the building. The volume of the questionnaire was set at 100 since this study was conducted in high-altitude regions and in Ali Abad Katul villages with a population of less than 1000 people. These questionnaires were not passed out to those under the age of 18 or those over the age of 60 in order to validate the research's findings, and the ones they filled out were also removed. considering the area's limited population, 87 completed questionnaires were chosen for this study. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked using the SPSS 26 program. We utilized the Cronbach's alpha test for this reason; the Cronbach's alpha value is equal to 0.816, which shows moderate and acceptable reliability, when examining at questions on the same spectrum concerning people's responses to their thermal sensations and reactions. The surveys gather information on people's age, body mass index (BMI), length of residency, thermal sensation, thermal expectations, sources of discomfort in the space, and hours of discomfort. Finally, the findings were examined by investigating various aspects of people's comfort levels. According to the study's findings, those who had lived in the area for a longer time were more adapted to its environmental conditions, and a factor like clothing had no impact on whether they felt comfortable or uncomfortable. The day's maximum temperature occurred in the afternoon, and the presence of high relative humidity in the air and a lack of natural ventilation are two factors that led to people's discomfort. For this study, the regression slope is 0.329, the neutral temperature is 26.1°C, and the acceptable range is 22.9°C to 29.5°C (for the 90% of people's comfort). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
761 - Functional Analysis of Field-Based Architecture Schools on Qualitative Assessment and Student Teaching Capacity Based on Environmental Psychology in Architecture
Akramolsadat Kheyrossadat The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for the introduction of hidden and obvious factors in the context and architecture that can be effective in the learner's learning process from a new angle; Therefore, the "grounnded theory" which is one of th More The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for the introduction of hidden and obvious factors in the context and architecture that can be effective in the learner's learning process from a new angle; Therefore, the "grounnded theory" which is one of the newest methods of qualitative research. To prove the effectiveness of this method, the Yazd school of architecture was selected as a case study to explain the step-by-step explanation of the implementation stages of this research. Data analysis was performed based on three methods of coding: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Finally, according to Strauss and Corbin, qualitative research validation methods were applied in this study. The results of this research in the final stage were 28 open source, 16 pivot codes and 6 code selections and the paradigmatic pattern was organized as follows: 1.Casual Variables. 2. Context Variables. 3. Intervening Variables 4. Core Category or Phenomenon 5. Strategies.6.Consequences The results of this study suggest that by aligning the goals of academic education with the principles of performance, on the one hand, and recognizing the values of identity in terms of assessable to place, on the other hand, it is possible to combine the well-found and hidden capabilities of the educational apparatus in the direction of psychological education the audience reached. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
762 - Designing a Theoretical Idea of Extracurricular Activities with an Approach to Environmental Education and its Validation by Teachers and Curriculum Experts
Somayeh Asadzadeh Maryam Seif naraghi Ezatollah Naderi Qodsi Ahghar The purpose of this study was to design a curriculum model of the above activities with an environmental education approach for second grade students and to validate it from the perspective of curriculum specialists and relevant teachers. The type of applie More The purpose of this study was to design a curriculum model of the above activities with an environmental education approach for second grade students and to validate it from the perspective of curriculum specialists and relevant teachers. The type of applied research is the field research. The statistical population of the study consisted of all curriculum specialists and teachers of Miandoab city (35 specialists and 445 teachers) in the academic year of 1398-1989. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by curriculum experts and teachers and its reliability was 0.91 after initial implementation by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test). The findings indicate that the proposed model for the curriculum of extracurricular activities for environmental education is desirable. Also, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the desirability of the proposed model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
763 - Explaining and Ranking the Architectural Criteria of Cultural Centers in Environmental Psychology, in order to Hold Ritual Ceremonies based on Associations
Rezvaneh Mansouri Farah Habib Azadeh ShahcheraghiThe history of each country leads to the formation of the psychological characteristics of people and, as a result, the culture of that society. The culture of each society has a direct and significant influence on the environmental psychology of architecture. Therefore MoreThe history of each country leads to the formation of the psychological characteristics of people and, as a result, the culture of that society. The culture of each society has a direct and significant influence on the environmental psychology of architecture. Therefore, the creation of a center to identify and display these rituals and traditions is of interest to all cities with diverse cultures. In fact, it is necessary to create a place where artists present their mental concerns of various issues in the form of art and culture in order to influence people in society. A place as a cultural center where the audience can be diligent in expanding social interactions and forming a creative mental-spiritual tablet according to the culture and rituals of that city. The research method is quantitative-qualitative and applied in a descriptive-survey approach. The operational method of quantitative research is survey. that a questionnaire was evaluated and prepared using a five-point Likert scale, and based on a targeted sampling of 5,000 clients, 320 eligible people returned in the field. The sampling method was random and the statistical population was classified according to characteristics after data collection. Finally, by collecting and analyzing the resulting data in SPSS software and using Friedman's variance test, the weight of each index was determined and then prioritized. The results of the research showed that the indicators of the preservation of the traditions and customs of the society in order to strengthen the national pride, enjoyment of open space and connection with the sky have the highest priority and according to the weighting, they have the highest importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
764 - Grain Yield Stability of Bread Wheat Cultivars under Irrigation in Cold and Temperate Climatic Conditions of Iran
M. Bakhshayeshi Geshlagh, F. Habibi H. Bakhshayeshi M. Shekarchezade M. Moslemi N. Hejrankesh P. Vafadar AfsharIn order to study yield stability of bread wheat cultivars including Alvand, Alamout, Zarrin, Navid, Azar 2, Sabalan, Omid and Bezostiya under irrigation an experiment was conducted in RCBD for three cropping seasons (2007-2010) at six locations. Simple and combined ana MoreIn order to study yield stability of bread wheat cultivars including Alvand, Alamout, Zarrin, Navid, Azar 2, Sabalan, Omid and Bezostiya under irrigation an experiment was conducted in RCBD for three cropping seasons (2007-2010) at six locations. Simple and combined analysis of variances for three years, each location and also combined analysis of variances for 3 years and 6 locations were implemented. Lin and Binns parameter, environmental coefficient of variations and rank method were used for determination of stable cultivars. Results of combined ANOVA (three years x six locations) showed that interaction effect of year x location x genotype was significant. The highest grain yield belonged to the Alvand cultivar with 3.74 tha -1. Results of stability analysis with Lin and Binns method also showed that Zarrin cultivar had the lowest within location variance for grain yield and lowest environmental coefficient of variations was belonged to cultivars Zarrin and Sabalan. The results of rank method showed that cultivars Alvand and Sabalan had the lowest rankingand cultivars Sabalan and Bezostiya had the lowest SDR among the experimental cultivars. It can be concluded that Zarrin and Sabalan cultivars had the highest yield stability and thus it can be recommended for locations in which it was studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
765 - Identification of Cold Tolerant Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars Using Stress Tolerance Indices under Humic Acid Application
Shirin Alizadeh Arash Roozbahani Amir Hosein Shirani Rad Mohamadreza Haj SeyedhadiIn order to identify cold tolerant cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using stress tolerance indices under the influence of humic acid application, an experiment was conducted as factorial split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicatio MoreIn order to identify cold tolerant cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using stress tolerance indices under the influence of humic acid application, an experiment was conducted as factorial split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 and 2018 at Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. Factorial combination of cold stress as planting date factor in two levels including 20 October and 20 November, and humic acid factor in two levels including non-application (foliar spraying with pure water) and application (foliar spraying with a concentration of 1.5 per mil at 4-6-leaf stage) were assigned to the main plots and the cultivars were allocated to the sup-plots. The results showed that rapeseed cultivars differed significantly. Based on the results of means comparison, the cultivar WRL-95-07 showed higher yield in both stress and non-stress environments as well as the application and non-application of humic acid than the other cultivars. The correlation of drought tolerance indices with grain yield under stress and non-stress conditions was used to determine the most suitable indices. Arithmetic mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HARM) and stress tolerance index (STI) had the highest significant correlation with yield under normal and stress conditions. Principal component analysis differentiated indices introducing tolerant cultivars and indices introducing susceptible cultivars, and on this basis, the 10 rapeseed cultivars were divided into three groups using cluster analysis. Finally, WRL-95-07 cultivar performed well under stress and non-stress conditions with the use of humic acid, followed by WRL-95-12 cultivar which displayed better performance than the other cultivars under stress conditions when treated with humic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
766 - Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Effects of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Production in Alborz Province
Shahram Khosravi Bami Mohammad Reza Ardakani Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Parisa Nejatkhah ManaviIn recent years, growing awareness of environmental problems, particularly global warming, has raised concerns about the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the global atmosphere. More life cycle assessments are used to assess and compare the environmental impacts of MoreIn recent years, growing awareness of environmental problems, particularly global warming, has raised concerns about the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the global atmosphere. More life cycle assessments are used to assess and compare the environmental impacts of energy production and the economic aspects of producing a product worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the environmental effects of canola production in terms of life cycle assessment (LCA) using SimaPro software with the aim of focusing on environmental impacts. In order to perform the experiments, one ton of rapeseed was used as the operational unit. Required data were collected from 30 farms in Alborz province. The results indicated that the potential of human toxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, and arine aquatic ecotoxicity per ton of rapeseed production were 881.63, 7.08, 288.67, and 618515.14 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene equal (1,4-DB eq.), respectively, and photochemical oxidation potential was 0.43 kg C2H4 eq. The amount of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium used to produce each ton of rapeseed was about 84, 63 and 63 kg, respectively, and the amount of diesel fuel and electrical energy were estimated at 133.5 liters and 586 kW, respectively. Also, the CO2, CO, N2O and NOX emissions were about 361, 4.1, 11.5 and 4.8 kg per ton of rapeseed, respectively. It was also found that chemical fertilizers had the largest contribution among the evaluated inputs in the canola life cycle. As a whole, this study showed that the management of nutrients and pesticides can be considered as a strong point for optimizing the environmental impact of rapeseed production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
767 - Determinination of the Environmental Effects of Bean Production by Life Cycle Assessment Method in Yasuj (by Comparing Sprinkler Irrigation Method Versus Flooding)
Madineh Vahabipoor GolamReza Sabzghabaei Solmaz DashtiIndustrialization of todays societies, resulted in increased use of machinery and excessive use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides in agriculture. Life cycle assessment is one of the environmental assessment methods that is used to assess processes, products and ser MoreIndustrialization of todays societies, resulted in increased use of machinery and excessive use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides in agriculture. Life cycle assessment is one of the environmental assessment methods that is used to assess processes, products and services. Life cycle assessment method in this study is used to evaluate the environmental effects of bean production with sprinkler and flood irrigation methods in the crop year of 2016-2017 using the effects of global warming, acidification, land euotrophication, depletion of fossil, phosphate and water resources exploited in Yasuj city. The results showed that the final index of the three groups of environmental impact factors (global warming, acidification and land euotrophication) in rainfed more than flood farming and the indices of the three groups of resource depletion effects (fossil, phosphate and water depletions in both croppimg system. The environmental indices for sprinkler, flooding and flood irrigations were 0.634, 0.513, 1.14 and 2.26 respectively. Elimination of unnecessary operations in the planting process and reduction of fuel consumption, irrigation in the last hours and the beginning of the day when evaporation is low, the use of biological methods to remove pests and attention to general recommendations for chemical fertilizers can be effective in reducing environmental effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
768 - Sociological analysis of the role of social movements in the formation of environmental policies
Saeed Ebrahimi Onbirbiglo Mohammad Yousefi Joybari Seyyed Jamaluddin Dehghani FirouzabadiOne of the most important dimensions of quality of life is safety and environmental health. Today, the issue of the environment has gained an important place in the public sphere and discourse or public opinion, and environmental movements have become one of the most im MoreOne of the most important dimensions of quality of life is safety and environmental health. Today, the issue of the environment has gained an important place in the public sphere and discourse or public opinion, and environmental movements have become one of the most important and strongest social movements and have had an impact on the decision-making process. These movements have been able to have decisive effects on other actors and on decisions, despite being very limited in terms of material power sources. The main goal of these movements is to develop environmental discourses and link environmental issues to societies that have achieved significant success in this way. In general, the theoretical debate about social movements has been significantly highlighted since the 1960s. The growth of the theoretical debate about how to understand and recognize social movements was a reaction to the growth and expansion of these movements within developed societies. The role of social movements in influencing environmental policies is significant and these movements have many abilities in this field. The attention of most governments, organizations, researchers and scientists has been drawn to the role of these movements, and this means the influence of social movements on environmental policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
769 - Analyzing the factors affecting population decline in the cultural background of Lorestan province based on the opinion of scientific experts (Delphi study)
Marjan Zarandi Khaledi Hasan EsmaeilzadeThe current research was conducted with the aim of finding the reasons for low population growth in Lorestan province. The interactive theory of the population as a theoretical approach is the template in the present research.Method: The research method is qualitative a MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of finding the reasons for low population growth in Lorestan province. The interactive theory of the population as a theoretical approach is the template in the present research.Method: The research method is qualitative and Delphi type. The statistical population of the research is all media experts, psychology, sociology, demography and religious experts of Lorestan province. Out of this number, 20 people were selected in a targeted manner. A semi-structured interview technique was used to collect information. The duration of the interviews was 30 minutes and their analysis was done using the Claysey method.Findings: Negative individualism, the prevalence of western modernity based on consumption and diversity, women's identity changes, housing problems, marriage problems, youth migration, unemployment, education, the spread of divorce, changing attitudes towards marriage, the spread of virtual media, lack of security. Job, economic weakness, high cost of children, value changes, multiple children as a bad thing, attitude towards children as a luxury item, lack of trust, uncertainty in the future of the country, lack of openness of planners, lack of scientific and theoretical research and the importance of climatic conditions. One of the reasons for population decline in Lorestan province is that they are classified in the form of economic factors in the first place, cultural and social factors, environmental and climatic factors. The current situation can be explained in terms of youth marriage and birth control.Results: In general, it can be concluded that if social and economic platforms and facilitators are realized in the field of changing the society's attitude towards childbearing, with the help of the media in line with macro policies, the problem of decreasing the population of the province can be solved to some extent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
770 - Sociological analysis of environmental protection behavior
Lughman Emamgoli Sadegh Salhi Ahmad Rezaei Asrin FaziThe importance of the environment in the regional and national and international dimensions has brought the necessity of scientific attention to various factors, especially the role of human factors in destroying or preserving the environment. Therefore, comparing the d MoreThe importance of the environment in the regional and national and international dimensions has brought the necessity of scientific attention to various factors, especially the role of human factors in destroying or preserving the environment. Therefore, comparing the doubts and differences of environmental behaviors and the factors affecting them can lead to a better understanding of the status of environmental protection behaviors. This research was conducted as a survey and the statistical sample included 382 residents of the cities of Sanandaj in Iran and Sulaymaniyah in Iraq, who were selected using the cluster sampling method. The reliability of its questions has been evaluated using Cronbach'salpha coefficient. The results of the research regarding the similarities between the two regions can be referred to their perception of the ability to influence the environmental consequences. Residents of Sanandaj and Sulaymaniyah cities have equal self-efficacy in the degree of influence on environmental protection behavior. Also, the differences between the residents of the cities of Sanandaj and Sulaymaniyah in terms of environmental protection behaviors are in two forms. The first form is due to the low facilities and conditions for environmental protection behavior in Sulaymaniyah compared to Sanandaj.The second figure refers to the high level of environmental protection behavior, environmental attitude and environmental knowledge of the residents of Sulaymaniyah city in the direction of environmental protection compared to the residents of Sanandaj city. Finally, the effect of the mentioned variables on the environmental protection behavior of the residents of Sanandaj and Sulaymaniyah cities was tested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
771 - The role of environmental quality and intercultural characteristics of a place in place satisfaction in the axis of Karun river
Behnaz Babaeimorad Farzaneh Hadafi Mahnaz BabaeimoradThis study aimed to determine the role of environmental quality variables and intercultural characteristics of a place in spatial satisfaction. The study was conducted in the coastal area of the Karun River in Ahvaz, which is both a residential-commercial and recreation MoreThis study aimed to determine the role of environmental quality variables and intercultural characteristics of a place in spatial satisfaction. The study was conducted in the coastal area of the Karun River in Ahvaz, which is both a residential-commercial and recreational-tourist area. The research was conducted by survey method and the statistical population of the research consisted of the local residents over 20 years old and visitors to recreational sites along the Karun River. Face-to-face interviews were performed to collect the data and the participants (n =310) were selected systematically randomly. The environmental quality includes 6 dimensions of activity, physical qualities, ecology, health, safety and security. The intercultural characteristics consist of three dimensions of cultural symptoms, cultural interactions, and cultural attitudes. The place satisfaction has three dimensions, including sense of satisfaction, sense of happiness, and sense of calmness or importance.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that these dimensions can adequately measure the variables. Based on the findings, the respondents' mean scores of satisfaction and dimensions of environmental quality, intercultural characteristics, and spatial satisfaction were significantly low. The variables of environmental quality (coefficient of 0.11) and intercultural characteristics (coefficient of 0.24) had a positive and significant effect on place satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
772 - Spatial analysis of resilience in urban regions against environmental hazards with emphasis on Corona pandemic (Case study: Tabriz)
Hamideh Gholami Ali Panahi Hasan AhmadzadehOne of the dangers that has spread to all parts of the world since 2019 is the outbreak of the corona virus (Covid-19). Considering the negative effects of this disease (human health, social and economic) in different areas and living conditions of cities, the purpose o MoreOne of the dangers that has spread to all parts of the world since 2019 is the outbreak of the corona virus (Covid-19). Considering the negative effects of this disease (human health, social and economic) in different areas and living conditions of cities, the purpose of this study is to investigate and spatial analysis of Tabriz regions from the perspective of corona pandemic resilience, in order to identify existing deficiencies and provide solutions, in order to increase the resilience of different spaces of the city, especially vulnerable areas. In this regard, the research method is applied in terms of purpose, survey in terms of implementation method and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of the study also includes the population of the 10 regions of Tabriz (1773033 people) that the sample size has been calculated based on Cochran model 383 people. Also have been used to analyze the data of VIKOR multi-criteria decision model and entropy Shannon weighting model. Findings show that from the perspective of resilience against corona pandemic, region 2 of the city is in a completely favorable condition, regions 3, 6 and 10 are in a favorable condition, regions 1 and 5 are in a state of relative desirability, region 7 is in an unfavorable state and regions 4, 8 and 9 are also in a completely unfavorable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
773 - Evaluation of educational factors on environmental behaviors in Iran
Seyyed Ali Paytakhti Oskooe Mahmoud Babazadeh Laleh Tabaghchi AkbariNowadays, environment and the protection of it is one of the mostimportant challenges of the human societies. Environmental disaster notonly affects peace and security of human life, but also the health beingput under serious threat. In the meantime, education can be co MoreNowadays, environment and the protection of it is one of the mostimportant challenges of the human societies. Environmental disaster notonly affects peace and security of human life, but also the health beingput under serious threat. In the meantime, education can be considered asa factor to help people in creating an understanding and sensitivity to theenvironment and related issues. In this paper, the impact of sociologicalindices of educational factors separated by government educationexpenditures, number of students, number of schools and the literacy rateon environmental behavior Index (carbon dioxide emissions) has beenanalyzed over the period 1982 to 2016. The auto regressive distributedlag (ARDL) technique has been employed to estimate the effects ofvariables. The empirical results suggest that, increasing educationalindicators led to the reduction of environmental pollution in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
774 - The sociological analysis of unsustanability of urban development in informal settlements of metropolis (case study of Tabriz)
Simindokh t NematollahiIn developing countries, urban areas grow mainly by migration of rural population, and it results in unplanned and informal growth spesially in metropolises. The unbalanced growth cause to unsustanability and appear in social and spatial discrimination, poverty, settelm MoreIn developing countries, urban areas grow mainly by migration of rural population, and it results in unplanned and informal growth spesially in metropolises. The unbalanced growth cause to unsustanability and appear in social and spatial discrimination, poverty, settelment in high risk areas and the other same consequences. Tabriz, one of the Irans metropolises, had been proposed as the destination of emigration in north-west region befor the beginning of the development planning. The migrated population pushed and setteled on suburbs and unsustainable grounds with high steeps, because they had been unable for the charge of land price and not match in terms of social-economical aspects. House construction with poor materials and unstable structures, poverty and livelihood dependent on unstable jobs, existing of the high natural risk like earthquake and landslide, high growth rate of the population, inappropriate network in informal settelments and so on would be inevitable as long as the emigration contries. This issue brings up necessity of paying attention to sustability indexes in planning of informal settelments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
775 - Examination of the relationship between lifestyle (health-based) and cultural capital among students of Hadishahr Islamic Azad University
Davood Hasanzadeh Yamchi Mohammad bagher Alizadeh AghdamLifestyle is being discussed nowadays by social scientists in different areas. Lifestyle is a style of life of the person or group that includes patterns of social relations, consumption, leisure, as well as attitudes and values. The present study examines the relation MoreLifestyle is being discussed nowadays by social scientists in different areas. Lifestyle is a style of life of the person or group that includes patterns of social relations, consumption, leisure, as well as attitudes and values. The present study examines the relationship between cultural capital and lifestyle (health-based) among students of Islamic Azad University of HadiShahr. Thisstudy is a functional and cross-correlation and its method is survey. The population of the study consisted of all students in University who are 1800 students among whom 317 students was selected by Cochran formula as the sample of the study. Two questionnaires of LSQ lifestyleand cultural capital were used to collect data.In this study, ten hypotheses proposed that the findings show that there is a meaningful relationship between sports and fitness, weight control and nutrition, disease prevention, mental health, social health, spiritual health, avoiding drugs, alcohol and drugs, prevention of accidents as the dimensions of health-based lifestyle and cultural capital. But there isn’t a meaningful relationship between physical health and environmental health and social capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
776 - An analysis of the role of environmental crimes in national security; jurisprudential, legal and criminological approaches
Sarah Ziadkhani Sadegh Salimi Seyed Abdolali GhavamA threat to national security is an action or a series of events that seriously threatens the quality of life of the residents of a country or the scope of authority of a government or private units belonging to a country in choosing policies in a more or less short per MoreA threat to national security is an action or a series of events that seriously threatens the quality of life of the residents of a country or the scope of authority of a government or private units belonging to a country in choosing policies in a more or less short period of time. It is extremely dangerous. National security can be discussed as a very important phenomenon, and one of these areas is the environmental issue, which has caused the formation of new debates under the title of environmental security. The numerous characteristics of environmental damage that have irreparable effects have caused this category to become a significant influence in jeopardizing national and international security and to face a serious risk to sustainable development. This research described the important concepts of the study with a descriptive-analytical method, and then it examines the impact of the green belt on national security and environmental security from a legal, jurisprudential and criminological point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
777 - ارتباط عوامل استرسزا با میزان یادگیری زبان آموزان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
خداوردی علیزاده محمود رضالواسترس بعنوان جزئی جدا نشدنی از زندگی انسان تلقی می­شود که برخی از آنها در زندگی مفید و مثبت می­باشد و اگر استرس بیش از حد بر فرد وارد شود باعث ایجاد اختلال در زندگی فرد می­شود که جنبه منفی آن می­باشد. در این تحقیق ابعاد استرس از لحاظ (استرس خانوادگی، است Moreاسترس بعنوان جزئی جدا نشدنی از زندگی انسان تلقی می­شود که برخی از آنها در زندگی مفید و مثبت می­باشد و اگر استرس بیش از حد بر فرد وارد شود باعث ایجاد اختلال در زندگی فرد می­شود که جنبه منفی آن می­باشد. در این تحقیق ابعاد استرس از لحاظ (استرس خانوادگی، استرس محیطی و استرس شخصی) را بر میزان یادگیری زبان انگلیسی دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر بررسی کرده ایم. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر دانشجویان رشته­های مختلف در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر که درس زبان پیش دانشگاهی و یا زبان خارجه را انتخاب کرده­اند، می­باشد.در این تحقیق از روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی که در این نوع نمونه­گیری هر یک از اعضا­ی جامعه تعریف شده شانس برابر و مستقلی برای قرار گرفتن در نمونه دارند به منظور تعیین حجم کلی نمونه­ای که باید از جامعه مورد مطالعه انتخاب گردد و این افراد پاسخگوی پرسشنامهء تحقیق باشند از فرمول کوکران(فرمول کوکران یکی از پرکاربردترین روشها برای محاسبه حجم نمونه آماری است) استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که تمام عوامل استرس زا (شخصی، محیطی، و خانوادگی) عملکرد دانشجویان در زبان انگلیسی را تحت تاثیر خود قرار داده اند. بنابراین توصیه می شود در تهیه مطالب برای ارائه در کلاسهای زبان انگلیسی عمومی به کلیه عوامل ذکر شده بالا توجه شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
778 - Effects of environmental factors on diversity of befouling organisms in Imam Khomeini port
E. Khoda Bakhsh M.B. Nabavi Sh. Ghobadi E. Khoda Bakhsh H. Khoda BakhshIn this research the sampling was done from the organisms of piles of Imam Khomeini port in 4 stages, each Three months, from January 2005 to October 2006. Five stations were chosen and samples were taken from three zones: super tidal zone, inertial zone and sub tidal z MoreIn this research the sampling was done from the organisms of piles of Imam Khomeini port in 4 stages, each Three months, from January 2005 to October 2006. Five stations were chosen and samples were taken from three zones: super tidal zone, inertial zone and sub tidal zone in 1×1m2. At the same time, the environmental factors (pH, Salinity, DO, Temperature) of each stage were measured. Ecological indices such as Shanon, species richness, Simpson and evenness were calculated. There results showed that the diversity of organisms in piles of Imam Khomeini port was low, but the species richness was high. Barnacle (Balanus amphytrit) was the dominant species inall 3 tidal zones. Results of variation analysis between diversity and environmental factors were significant only for temperature (-0.349). Temperature was the only factor which had significant effect on diversity of biofouling organisms, other factors (i.e. pH, DO and Salinity) had no significant effects. Moreover, the results showed that the increase in temperature causes decreases in biodiversity but it increases the richness. On the other hand, the results revealed a positive correlation between temperature and Simpson index (0.380) and negative correlation between temperature and Shanon, evenness and species richness indices. Also a negative correlation between Simpson with Shanon, evenness, and richness indices, was observed. In brief, the results indicated that increases so it shown that increases in species dominance was joint with decreasing in biodiversity and species richness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
779 - The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Mannan-Oligosaccharides based nutritional supplements on Levels of Glucose and Cortisol in Environmental stress and furunculosis in rainbow trout
Amin KhodadadiAbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of complementary rainbow trout diets with different concentrations of prebiotic, which contains active compounds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) on environmental stress and resista MoreAbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of complementary rainbow trout diets with different concentrations of prebiotic, which contains active compounds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) on environmental stress and resistance to furunculosis. Three levels of prebiotic (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 %) were mixed into pellets. Fish (19.08±1.45 gr) were fed a supplemented commercial diet for 60 days. On day 60 of study, environmental stress such as hypoxia, hyperthermia and induction of experimental diseases with furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida) were also performed for all the experimental groups. The blood glucose levels were determined using an enzymatic-based auto analyzer and used to measure cortisol using cortisol ELISA kit and ELISA method. The results of this study showed that different consntersin Celmanax have significantly effect on stress and cortisol and glucose levels (P<0.05). The results showed that rainbow trout resistance was increased with different concentrations level of Celmanax® and few fish were suffering to furunculosis (P<0.05). Based on these findings, it could be concluded that in order to decrease and enhance the streets and improve rainbow trout resistance, it is appropriate to add different concentrations level of Celmanax® prebiotic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
780 - The Explanation of environmental values "In the light of studying the components of urban aesthetics related to the rules of urban jurisprudence"
Raheleh Fadavi Mehdi MohammadZadeh Ali MohammadianThe role of "urban landscape" and its beautification is one of the important factors in creating a positive mental image and promoting the aesthetic experience of citizens.Combining landscape design techniques with "environmental" and ecological values is one of the new MoreThe role of "urban landscape" and its beautification is one of the important factors in creating a positive mental image and promoting the aesthetic experience of citizens.Combining landscape design techniques with "environmental" and ecological values is one of the newest plans and strategies to achieve sustainable development in the present age.In order to identify the level of concern and attention of Islamic teachings in dealing with the mentioned concepts, the present study has explained the rules of urban jurisprudence by modeling the components and approaches proposed in "urban aesthetics" and urban landscape and evaluates its efficiency. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and has been adjusted by referring to library sources and due to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, it has applied and combined theories in the two fields of aesthetics and urban jurisprudence. It should be noted that the purpose of urban jurisprudence is a series of religious teachings and rules of jurisprudence related to the customs and requirements of urbanization, which can be identified, extracted and applied to the subject according to the present research from the written jurisprudential heritage. The results of the research show that by using the existing rules in the written jurisprudential heritage such as the rule of Saltanah, Aitlaf, Tasbib and La darar, and in combining them with aesthetic methods and approaches, efficiency and the greater effectiveness of these standards in managing the place and urban landscape becomes more achievable. Also, the research findings indicate that the concern of paying attention to the environment and human encounter with urban space are among the issues that have been considered by jurists. In this regard, the issue of maintaining the privacy and moral and psychological security of citizens is one of the advantages of urban jurisprudence that should be considered and based on action in urban management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
781 - The Legitimacy of International Criminal Courts in Dealing with Environmental Crimes Caused by Oil Pollution from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence
Housin Foroughenia Ali AshrafianEnvironmental pollution caused by petroleum is one of the issues which is spreading today and causing irreparable damages, while the domestic courts of some countries, especially Islamic countries, are not able to or are less willing to prosecute the cases beyond their MoreEnvironmental pollution caused by petroleum is one of the issues which is spreading today and causing irreparable damages, while the domestic courts of some countries, especially Islamic countries, are not able to or are less willing to prosecute the cases beyond their borders because of religious and legal barriers. Some of these crimes, especially environmental, are committed by the natural or legal persons of the Islamic countries or on the territories of these countries which have caused problems of jurisdictional conflict and other issues. The findings of the present study show that in the case of the exercise of international jurisdiction over the oil pollution offense, if the forensic investigators conclude that the investigation of such a crime would bring benefits to the Islamic Republic of Iran, such as bilateral agreements and acceptance, the legitimacy of referring disputes to the judgment of non-Muslims will be permitted. Therefore, this article examines the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals in the cases dealing with environmental pollution caused by petroleum materials in the light of international law and present regulations in Islamic Sharia with a consideration of the theory of expediency set forth in Imamiyah jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
782 - A study of the effective social and environmental factors on female high-school students' drop-out in Miandoab Township in 2010-2011
Alinaghi Aghdasi Afsaneh ZeynalfamThe study aimed at investigating the effective social and environmental factors on the high-school female students` drop-out in MiandoabTownship in 2010-2011. The statistical population included two groups (4085 drop-out and 604 non-dropouts) students. The research meth MoreThe study aimed at investigating the effective social and environmental factors on the high-school female students` drop-out in MiandoabTownship in 2010-2011. The statistical population included two groups (4085 drop-out and 604 non-dropouts) students. The research method was causal – comparative. The sample size was selected through multistage cluster sampling. Using Cochran's formula the sample size was 234 drop-out student. The sample size was randomly selected from non- dropout students. To gather the data researcher made questionnaire was used. The descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyses the data. To test the hypotheses the t-statistic was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between drop-out and non-dropout students. So the social, environmental, family. Economical and per groups factors are very effective in female drop-out. The mean difference for drop-out based on the living environment (rural or urban) was 1.28 which shows the rate of drop-out is higher in rural area, but it is not statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
783 - A Multi-Purpose Mathematical Model for Solving Multi-Mode Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem(M-RCPSP) and Environmental Effects:Augmented Ε-Constraint Method
Hosseinali Heydari Heirsh Soltanpanah Hiva Faroughi Ayoub RahimzadehOil, gas and petrochemical industry managers are nowadays preoccupied with finding ways of punctually completing projects while maintaining the highest implementational standards and minimizing financial costs and environmental threats. Reaching a balance among time, co MoreOil, gas and petrochemical industry managers are nowadays preoccupied with finding ways of punctually completing projects while maintaining the highest implementational standards and minimizing financial costs and environmental threats. Reaching a balance among time, cost, quality and environmental effects is a paramount goal for these managers since these goals are contradictory and focus on any of them can lead to changes in the others. The purpose of this applied mathematical research was hence to design an authentic simulated multi-purpose mathematical model that can review and resolve the issue of project scheduling and balancing time, cost, quality and environmental effects in multi-mode projects. Using the GAMS software and CPLEX solver, the Model was validated through Expanded Epsilon Limitation Method and the analytical results of various sensitivities are reported. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
784 - Toward a Typology of Project Strategy based on Business Environment Contingency Variable in Projects of Petrochemical Industry of Iran
Hani Arbabi mohammad hossein sobhiyah Hasan DanaeefardIn order to achieve higher performance in organizations, the need for alignment of strategy with contingency variables like Structure and Environment is necessary. Petrochemical Projects in Iran have faced a violent business environment as a result of the Sanctions, cha MoreIn order to achieve higher performance in organizations, the need for alignment of strategy with contingency variables like Structure and Environment is necessary. Petrochemical Projects in Iran have faced a violent business environment as a result of the Sanctions, change in oil price, exchange rate, and input price of plants. Based on the contingency theory, in order to achieve better performance results in projects as contemporary organizations, it is necessary to consider Business Environment in formulation of project strategy. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to present the typology of the project strategy based on Business Environment contingency variable influencing the Iranian petrochemical Projects. By reviewing literature we provide a conceptual model as our first-order construct. Using cases study research; we chose to employ qualitative method for improving the model. The case data of 10 projects was selected from the petrochemical Projects. Qualitative data analysis was used for data analysis. In addition to interview, multifaceted data collection including document investigating and questionnaire was also considered. Regard to selecting the Miles and Snow business strategies as baseline of the project strategy, project strategy typologies was plotted in a two-dimensional matrix in terms of fundamental/gradual environmental changes and internal/external project focus. These typologies were redefined for project level through interviews results. Finding suggests that Business Environment difference of projects caused different projects Strategies that required different entrepreneurial, engineering and administrative capabilities to manage projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
785 - Designing a Model for the Relationship among the Components of Environmental Management, Quality Management and Employee Productivity: A Case Study of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Yazd Province
Ali Saffari darberazi Sobhan Heidary habib zare ahmadabadi Amirabbas Abouei MehriziConcerns related to environmental issues on the one hand and limited resources available for different organizations on the other hand make it mandatory to pay attention to productivity and quality management of products and services, especially among small and medium- MoreConcerns related to environmental issues on the one hand and limited resources available for different organizations on the other hand make it mandatory to pay attention to productivity and quality management of products and services, especially among small and medium- sized enterprises. The purpose of this research was to explain the relationship among factors affecting employee productivity, quality management and environmental management. The statistical population of this research is managers, employees, and supervisors of small and medium-sized companies in Yazd province, which are active in 5 industrial branches (chemical-cellulose, food, clothing, textile, mineral, metal-electrical). The data collection instrument in this research was a questionnaire. Initially, using the questionnaire of the pair-wise comparisons of identified factors and presenting a conceptual model of the study through the interpretive structural modeling, the opinions of nine managers of small and medium-sized companies in Yazd province were sought. Then, in order to fit the obtained model, using the structural equation modeling approach and Smart PLS3 software, 400 questionnaires were distributed among the employees and supervisors of small and medium-sized enterprises in Yazd province through available sampling procedure, of which 265 questionnaires returned. The results of the analyses showed that the culture of cooperation, leadership and performance feedback has a positive significant effect on customer focus and training. Also, it was revealed that training and focusing on the customer has a positive significant effect on innovativeness, environmental policies and strategies, environmental investment, defined processes and organization and management support. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
786 - Investigating Barriers to the Promotion of Productivity In Public Sector
Samad Alye Alireza Bafande ZendeThis paper aims to identify the barriers of improving the productivity in public sector. According to the theoretical studies and the interviews with several senior managers of public sector, 28 items were detected as the obstacles of improving the productivity in publi MoreThis paper aims to identify the barriers of improving the productivity in public sector. According to the theoretical studies and the interviews with several senior managers of public sector, 28 items were detected as the obstacles of improving the productivity in public sector. These items were classified under three categories of environmental, organizational and individual barriers based on Ammons’ studies. Then a questionnaire was developed in order to reveal the views of managers in public sector about the influence of each item on productivity. The findings show that the public sector is faced with numerous barriers in improving productivity, a major part of which is related to personality, attitude and leadership skills of the public sector managers. The other part of it relates to the internal and environmental problems such as lack of a proper appraisal system, tendency to keep the status quo and extreme conservatism, lack of accountability system, lack of cost accounting systems, the political pressures that influence decisions, low importance of the issue of productivity compared with the political interests, shortage of analyst staff, lack of competitive market pressures, and the complex process of bureaucracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
787 - Investigating the Relationship between Environmental Uncertainty, Knowledge Management Capacity and Organizational Structure
Adel Fatemi Sadegh Feizollahi Alireza ShirmohammadiThe researchers have been investigating the subject of how knowledge management capacity would help organizational structures to overcome environmental uncertainty. Therefore, this research examines a comprehensive pattern to analyze the relationship between environment MoreThe researchers have been investigating the subject of how knowledge management capacity would help organizational structures to overcome environmental uncertainty. Therefore, this research examines a comprehensive pattern to analyze the relationship between environmental uncertainty, knowledge management capacity and organizational structure. The necessary data have been collected from 125 companies. The results of analyzing structural equations pattern show that environmental uncertainty tends to force companies to increase their knowledge management in order to show themselves in structural changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
788 - Inspecting the Factors Affecting the Delay in Executing Civil Construction Projects in Zone One of Tabriz Municipality
Houshang Taghizadeh Amir LalehMunicipality is considered as the symbol of a government in the world. This public organ as the most influential one has shouldered a wide range of duties and services and will undergo more responsibilities within the prospect of 20 years of civil development and the fo MoreMunicipality is considered as the symbol of a government in the world. This public organ as the most influential one has shouldered a wide range of duties and services and will undergo more responsibilities within the prospect of 20 years of civil development and the fourth development plan of the country. One of the most common dilemmas of the municipalities is the delay in execution and accomplishment of the projects. If any of the projects faces delay, not only will the national investments be wasted, but also they will lose their technical and economical legitimacy. So, a field analysis was carried out in Zone One of Tabriz municipality in order to identify the influential factors on the delays. At first, in order to analyze these questions, various resources were studied and then the influential factors were classified in four groups of employer, counsellor, contractor and the environmental factors. Then a questionnaire was compiled. Next, having studied the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, we distributed it among the statistical population and the data were collected. Finally, by using the T-test scores, the influential factors were identified. The influence rate of each factor was identified according to the Friedman test. As a result, with the help of the data, practical solutions were introduced to stop the delays. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
789 - Environmental Consciousness and Relation Quality in Islamic Business: Impact on Firm Performance
Hossein Emari Hossein Vazifehdoust Hashem NikoomaramThis mixed method study aims to compare the effect of EC and RQ on customer attitude in Islamic context in three stages. In first and second stages, The Islamic environment consciousness (IEC) and Islamic Relationship Quality (IRQ) were operantionalized based on the gro MoreThis mixed method study aims to compare the effect of EC and RQ on customer attitude in Islamic context in three stages. In first and second stages, The Islamic environment consciousness (IEC) and Islamic Relationship Quality (IRQ) were operantionalized based on the grounded theory. In third stage, the impact of IEC and IRQ on consumer attitude were examined using a quasi-experimental design. The findings from the first two stages indicated that IRQ comprised three components and twelve constituent subcomponents and that IEC included two components with seven constituent subcomponents. In the third phase of the study, the conjoint analysis technique was initially employed to select three scenarios from nine possible scenarios. Further, statistical analyses of the research data revealed significant effects of IEC and IRQ on consumer attitude: significantly more positive consumer attitudes were found in firms with higher IEC and higher IRQ compared to firms with lower or no IEC and IRQ. It was also found that the two public relation tools were not significantly different from the consumer perspective. The study is significant because it operationalized IEC and IRQ and offers implications for academicians and managers who intend to investigate their business relationship performance in terms of such Islamic context-specific constructs. Moreover, the innovative use of scenarios in measuring the consumers’ attitudes offers upstream research as an alternative to downstream studies of EC which render redundant information about environmental behavior of companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
790 - بررسی رابطه سرمایه فرهنگی و رفتارهای زیستمحیطی دربین جوانان شاغل در عسلویه (پارس جنوبی)
احمد بخارایی صادق صالحی مریم معصومی هدف بررسی رابطه سرمایه فرهنگی و رفتارهای زیست محیطی دربین جوانان شاغل درعسلویه (پارس جنوبی) و اهداف فرعی این پژوهش بررسی رابطه بین شبکه­های مشارکت مدنی، هنجارهای اجتماعی و اعتماد اجتماعی با رفتارهای اجتماعی زیست محیطی کارکنان پارس جنوبی می More هدف بررسی رابطه سرمایه فرهنگی و رفتارهای زیست محیطی دربین جوانان شاغل درعسلویه (پارس جنوبی) و اهداف فرعی این پژوهش بررسی رابطه بین شبکه­های مشارکت مدنی، هنجارهای اجتماعی و اعتماد اجتماعی با رفتارهای اجتماعی زیست محیطی کارکنان پارس جنوبی می­باشد. روش تحقیق دراین پژوهش بصورت پیمایشی می­باشد که جامعه موردمطالعه ما60850 نفرازکارکنان پارس جنوبی می­باشد که باکمک فرمول کوکراین حجم نمونه 381 نفر انتخاب شده که این جامعه آماری بصورت نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای انجام شده است و با کمک نرم افزارهای 18SPSS وAMOS به پردازش داده­ها پرداختیم. نتایج به دست­­آمده از محاسبات آماری نشان می­دهد که با توجه به مدل برازش داده شده و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و سطح معنی­داری به دست آمده از رگرسیون، چون سطح معنی­داری درهرسه متغیر شبکه­های مشارکت مدنی، هنجارهای اجتماعی و اعتماد اجتماعی برابر 00/0 بوده و از 05/0کوچکتر می­باشد، همچنین سطح معنی­داری بدست­آمده از معادلات ساختاری باکمک نرم افزار اموس به ترتیب 027/0 ،024/0، 012/0 وچون از05/0 کوچکتر می­باشد بنابراین بین هر سه فرضیه و رفتارهای اجتماعی زیست محیطی پارس جنوبی رابطه وجود دارد و یا به عبارتی دیگر هر سه فرضیه ما دراین پژوهش تأیید می­شوند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
791 - Investigating the role of social and cultural factors on the environmental behavior of Mazandaran youth
Ali Asghar Gholami Ali Asghar Abbasi Asfajir Aboalghasem Heidarabadi -
Open Access Article
792 - Evaluating the Role of Education and the Economic Base of Women in Promoting the Culture of Environmental Protection in Gilane Gharb
Masoumeh Heidari Zargoosh Abolghasem Heidarabadi Mohammad Rahim Safari -
Open Access Article
793 - Vandalism Roots among Juveniles and Youths in Public Spaces of City (Case Study: Amol City)
Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh Abdoullah Ebrahimi Ali Rahmani Firouzjah -
Open Access Article
794 - Investigating the Impact of Environmental Poverty on Criminal Behavior of Young People in Marginal Areas
Kazem Ghojavand -
Open Access Article
795 - Youth Social Capital and Sustainable Environmental Development in Bushehr
Tayyebe Pourbehi Gholamreza Jafarinia Ali Shamsoddini -
Open Access Article
796 - Similarity of Country Rankings on Sustainability Performance
John Mordeson Sunil MathewIn this paper, we extend the fuzzy similarity measure of two rankings to any finite number of rankings. We provide a method to convert a measure for a finite number of rankings to a number that represents the number for two rankings. We apply our results to the sustaina MoreIn this paper, we extend the fuzzy similarity measure of two rankings to any finite number of rankings. We provide a method to convert a measure for a finite number of rankings to a number that represents the number for two rankings. We apply our results to the sustainability ranking of countries by the Environmental Performance Index (EPI). The 2020 EPI provides a summary of the state of sustainability around the world. It uses 32 performance indicators across 11 categories. These indicators provide a way to determine problems, set targets, track trends, understand outcomes, and identify best policy practices. The EPI ranks 180 countries on environmental health and ecosystem vitality. The EPI provides a method in support of efforts to meet the targets of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The EPI determined that the Global West region ranked the highest. The purpose of our project is to find the similarity of the 11 rankings of the countries for eight different regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
797 - Explaining the components that improve the ability of behavioral patterns "A case study of Niavaran neighborhood, Tehran city"
kianoush hasani mohammad ali zareieThe phrase "behavioral pattern" is a wide-ranging and widely used concept that has been addressed with a special look in the field of environmental psychology. Environmental psychology has paid attention to the physical environment as an effective platform for the forma MoreThe phrase "behavioral pattern" is a wide-ranging and widely used concept that has been addressed with a special look in the field of environmental psychology. Environmental psychology has paid attention to the physical environment as an effective platform for the formation of individual and social behaviors.In fact, based on her personal and social characteristics and needs, humans react to some environmental data and behave accordingly.The main goal is to identify the components that improve the capacity of the behavioral patterns in order to implement them in the Niavaran neighborhood located in the first district of Tehran. The reason for choosing this site, in addition to the physical and social capabilities of Niavaran neighborhood, is because the neighborhoods are considered as a connecting element between the family center and the urban. The fundamental question of this research is: What are the effective components on matching the physical environment with optimal behavioral patterns in order to respond appropriately to individual and social behaviors? Based on this, the main goal of the research is to recognize and predict the behavior under the influence of three spheres: individual, social and environmental, and the implementation of those factors in the behavioral camps, especially in Niavaran neighborhood, is aimed at optimizing the behavior. This research was carried out by means of survey content analysis and by designing a questionnaire from the users of the neighborhood in a planned process, in order to explain the components that improve the behavior of the camp.This article has tried to recognize and predict common behavioral patterns by using anthropological and sociological surveys and combining it with architectural attitudes. so, the creation of a suitable living environment by recognizing and predicting the factors affecting the formation of optimal individual, social and environmental behaviors has led to the improvement of affordability in Niavaran neighborhood .in the field of individual behavior; Identifying the process of human feeling, perception, and cognition separately, in order, and by recognizing their mutual influence on each other will greatly help in predicting individual behavior. In addition, the emergence of a large part of the behavior takes place under the influence of physical and psychological conditions as well as individual needs and motivations. in the field of social behavior; Knowing the cultural characteristics and factors affecting its formation have an effect on the emergence of behaviors. In connection with the field of environmental behavior; It should be noted that in addition to individual and social behaviors affecting the environment, some environments demand their own behavior based on their capabilities.Therefore, the overlapping of the identity components between man and the environment increases the individual's sense of place. In fact, human sense of place is affected by factors and parameters affecting individual, social and environmental behavior. If the combination of these factors takes place in the highest possible form in the neighborhood, which is the connecting element of individual and social life, people will experience a higher level of sense of place in the neighborhood. As a result, by improving the sense of place, which is caused by improving the capacity in the behavioral camp, one can witness superior behaviors in Niavaran neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
798 - Prioritization of subjective and objective dimensions of physical and environmental components in quality of life in deteriorated areas, Mesbah District, Karaj, Iran
Media Daneshkar Arasteh Jamaluddin SohailiNowadays according to the current living conditions and various issues and problems in the cities, the quality of life is highly subjected and being noticed by the public and experts. The purpose of this research is to obtain the experts views about the criteria relevan MoreNowadays according to the current living conditions and various issues and problems in the cities, the quality of life is highly subjected and being noticed by the public and experts. The purpose of this research is to obtain the experts views about the criteria relevant to the quality of life includes both physical and environmental criteria in deteriorated area. It is attempted to discuss two criteria affecting quality of life in two subjective and objective dimensions. declining social interactions in urban neighborhoods, Lack of time, decrease in the level of communication between people in the community and the family and Which leads to reduction happiness and vitality among citizens make it necessary to do this research. In the method, two sub-criteria of the two dimensions affecting promotion of the quality of life, are selected That are Including materials, access, light, Landscape, Facilities, facade, identity and meaning, beauty, attractive and vitality. Then, they have been examined in Desired dimensions. 50 samples of urban experts and architects are selected in a survey. The criteria and sub-criteria have also been gathered by a library review. The information have been prioritized by field survey and by questionnaire prepared in a Likert scale with 30 questions. The data have been analyzed by Friedman Test using Excel and SPSS. According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that according to the experts the priority of subjective dimension is higher than that of objective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
799 - Analyzing the Relationship Between Interior Design of the Furniture and Perceptual Behavior of Male Students at the Dormitory (Case study: Dormitory of Eram University, Shiraz)
Seyyedeh Marziyeh Tabaeeyan Elaheh Abedpoor Maryam MirkhaghanizadehToday , the national educational system allows the admission of non - local students , which helps form environments called student dormitories . The residents of these dormitories not only acquire new experiences and interact with others , but also expect the environme MoreToday , the national educational system allows the admission of non - local students , which helps form environments called student dormitories . The residents of these dormitories not only acquire new experiences and interact with others , but also expect the environment to provide their privacy like the house does. A large number of students who have to go to cities other than their home in order to study and educate , often choose the dormitory environment to settle . Because they have stayed there for a certain period of time and they have to leave after graduation . They are separated from their family environment by going to dormitory and faced new people and a culture different from their own in that environment . In fact , this accommodation which is compulsion and selection is desirable when a person can adapt with new environment; since new studies indicate that living environment and especially the changes which may happen in it can be called the determinants in the mental and emotional state of individuals . Because student housing is not only considered as a shelter for students , but also it should provide an environment for their academic , mental and personal development. One of the crises students in these environments face is their need for an appropriate environment conducive to life with furniture, especially a structural space . Because the study of human behavior relies on studying the environment of that behavior , this research deals with student preferences at the dormitories about , the furniture required in rooms , and their environmental conditions from an architectural and psychological perspective. This is because students need not only educational and research environments but also a desirable space to live to have a healthy life quality. Therefore, after providing research background and theoretical framework, as well as different definitions and studying the problems of students in dormitory environments and analyzing influential factors on users' satisfaction with room space , the results of two dimensions of environment and architecture and furniture required for students ( including the type of room and bedroom furniture , the type of study furniture and the use of closet, the color of furniture ) and environmental psychology area ( including the feeling mental quietness , crowding, personal solitude , feeling comfort , security , friendly atmosphere ; the feeling of being at home , want to remain the door open , tendency to do group work ) were analyzed and finally the intended research model was extracted. Thus , this study aims to determine interior-design architectural strategies at student dormitories in proportion to male students’ spatial behavior based on the furniture in these spaces. The population of the research consists of 123 resident students at two dormitories. A questionnaire containing two groups of items includes students’ preferences about the environment, architecture, and furniture. Results suggested that students , without regard for the costs , choose the type of dormitories based on the highest personal space , the least crowdedness , and the most appropriate conditions for study and rest. In the meantime , they choose the interior design the furniture which is economical, simple , natural multi -purpose , and durable , in addition to being light, applicable, and flexible . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
800 - Evaluation of Environmental Capabilities in the Formation of Behavioral Patterns in the Context of Urban Spaces (Case Study Sidewalk of Zanjan City)
Mehrdad Daneshdoust Korosh Afzali Afsoon MahdaviThe formation of behavioral pattern is the new methods of objective quality assessment. According on this goal, the descriptive-analytical research method was based on field survey to evaluate behavioral pattern on environmental capabilities in the Zanjan city sidewalk. MoreThe formation of behavioral pattern is the new methods of objective quality assessment. According on this goal, the descriptive-analytical research method was based on field survey to evaluate behavioral pattern on environmental capabilities in the Zanjan city sidewalk. The population of the study was citizens passers and businesses and the number of them was unknown. Base on Cochran's, 340 people were selected as the sample. To know the physical capabilities of the sidewalk and the mental-perceptual effects of the citizens, a sample T-Test statistical was used in SPSS software and also ArcGIS software was used to display population movements. Four types of patterns observed on pedestrians were adopted and the observations were taken at a specific time in the morning and evening among men and women. The findings showed that the level of satisfaction was different. the variables of sign, smell and visual fit had the highest impact with the average of 3.71, 3.18 and 3.10 respectively, and the variables of sense of place, territory, enclosure and furniture with the average of 12.06, 2.12, 2.36 and 2.48 respectively, have the least impact. Also population movements showed that walking and talking activities were observed more than other activities. Also, among men, the most frequent period of behavior occurred in the evening and among women in the morning hours. Thus, one of the most important elements of the formation of successful behavior patterns in urban spaces, especially sidewalks, is to pay attention to the attractiveness of the environmental capabilities of the space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
801 - Environmental Risk Assessment in Darakeh Mountain and Recreational Area of Tehran
Sepideh Mohebi Seyed Mostafa Tayebi Sani Afshin Jafari Bagher MorsalThe purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize aspects of environmental risk in the tourism-sports area of Tehran. The evaluation of the environmental potential of the region for the purpose of tourism development was carried out using the combined method MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize aspects of environmental risk in the tourism-sports area of Tehran. The evaluation of the environmental potential of the region for the purpose of tourism development was carried out using the combined method (Makhdoom, 2008; FAO, 2006) and the technique of superimposing information layers with the help of GIS tools. In the following, quantitative and qualitative risk assessment methods were used to determine the degree and risk levels of each of the twenty facts. The results showed that 118.73 hectares of the area are suitable for concentrated recreation and 487.72 hectares are suitable for extensive recreation and the rest has conservation value. The factors "climate changes" and "potential of natural disasters" have the highest levels of risk. On the other hand, the factor "water and soil pollution" was evaluated with a high level of risk and "air pollution" with a low level. Also, the degree of the risk factor of jeopardizing the health of the ecosystem is 3A. The risk level for the emission of pollutants in the air is equal to 20 and for the emission in soil and water is equal to 270. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
802 - Analysis of the concepts of environmental ethics and culture Case Study: Islamabad Gharb City
Saeed Maleki safieh damanbaghCulture and environmental ethics are human ideal behavior towards their living environment Including the natural, social and culture environment. Islamabad Gharb City also faces numerous environmental problems. Some of them is due to the lack of environmental culture an MoreCulture and environmental ethics are human ideal behavior towards their living environment Including the natural, social and culture environment. Islamabad Gharb City also faces numerous environmental problems. Some of them is due to the lack of environmental culture and ethics of the citizens of the city. According to this is necessary analysis of the concepts of culture and environmental ethics from the perspective of citizens. The purpose of this study is Practical. Analytical research method is the descriptive-analysis. Information and data needed were collected in two ways documenting and survey. The Statistical Society are residents of Islamabad Gharb and the sample size are 322 residents of this city based on Cochran's formula. SPSS software is used to analyze the information obtained. Research findings show that there is direct and significant linear relationship between components environmental attitude and environmental value with the component of environmental behavior of citizens. As well as between environmental knowledge and environmental behavior of citizens direct and insignificant linear relationship but no significant relationship between the two components can be search the mediator variables. As well as to identify and awareness of the impact research components on environmental protection used the regression model. Based on the results of this test all components are also significant and improving their status affects in optimal protection of the environment. In the following some suggestions are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
803 - Environmental Impact Assessment on the Construction of 30,000 Imam Reza Stadium in Mashhad Metropolis to Achieve Sustainable Urban Development
MahmoudReza Anvari Amir Gharib Rahele Hosini MehrabDetermining the importance of environmental impacts is one of the most important concerns of the evaluation process in projects and projects. Paying attention to environmental studies and specifically conducting environmental impact assessment studies during the feasibi MoreDetermining the importance of environmental impacts is one of the most important concerns of the evaluation process in projects and projects. Paying attention to environmental studies and specifically conducting environmental impact assessment studies during the feasibility, location and per-implementation phase of construction projects as one of the most effective management methods in reducing environmental impacts and tools for achieving sustainable urban development.In this regard, the aim of this study was to assess the environmental impacts of the construction of 30,000 Imam Reza Stadium in Mashhad metropolitan area. Analytical research methodology is based on library, documentary and field studies. SPSS and Expert Choice software and the Iranian leopard matrix were used to analyze the data.The results of the evaluation of the biological effects of the construction of the stadium with the help of the Iranian matrix indicate that the nature of this project is positive and has no adverse effects and effects. Also, the results of the project's effects on environmental indicators show a significant lack of relation between the damaging effects of this project and environmental indicators.Finally, the results of the ranking and the most important environmental indicators of the 30,000 Imam Reza Stadium were shown using Expert Choice software. Among the environmental indicators, the physical environment index was obtained with a weight of 0.423 and the index The social environment, weighing 0.137, has the highest and lowest weights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
804 - The Effect of Environmental Planning and Design on Urban Security in Squatter Areas of Tabriz City
Mahdi Azarmi Ali Azar Akbar AbdolahzadetaraffFeeling safe as one of the basic human needs is of particular importance in creating a sense of place and urban viability. So, having security is an effective factor in the identity of the place. The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the impact of ur MoreFeeling safe as one of the basic human needs is of particular importance in creating a sense of place and urban viability. So, having security is an effective factor in the identity of the place. The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the impact of urban planning and design on the sense of security of marginalized neighborhoods. This study is descriptive-analytical and applied research. Documentary-library methods and field observations (questionnaires) were used for data collection. The sample size was 322 subjects according to the Cochran method and for sampling; a probabilistic stratified sampling was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the sense of security between designed and unplanned neighborhoods in Tabriz marginal areas. Also, feelings of security was high in areas with environmental design and physical interventions such as lighting, he expansion and construction of passages, urban furniture, reduced enclosure, diverse applications, active partitions and the presence of accessible terraces have been made in comparison with undeveloped and unplanned areas Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
805 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Tourism Development Plans in Anzali Free Zone
abbas moradi Bahman RamezaniPlans of tourism development has need to Environmental Impact Assessment for environment sastianable. Leopold model and the comments of 30 environmental, meteorological, agricultural and natural resources experts who worked in the Anzali Free Zone, in order to survey an MorePlans of tourism development has need to Environmental Impact Assessment for environment sastianable. Leopold model and the comments of 30 environmental, meteorological, agricultural and natural resources experts who worked in the Anzali Free Zone, in order to survey and complete the questionnaire,The results showed that the utility rate of these projects is less than its destructive effects. Tourism Plans have created employment in the region and provided economic prosperity in the region, water quality of the Talab Abad area was inappropriate for microbial purposes. It have sodium chloride and sodium and potassium minerals in this water. sample of water quality in the Chaperrodesman area showed that this water is suitable for microbial purposes, but its guidance is higher than the permitted limit, and salts and minerals (iron , Manganese, Nacl) is high in it. This sample is not suitable for drinking, but it is suitable for bathing.The amount of water TDS in this sample is 1016 mg / l.destruction of animal habitats and contamination of water and soil erosion. Also according to the experiments carried out in two sections of microbial and chemical water quality in the studied areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
806 - Providing a Crime Prevention Model in Tehran's 5th District in Iran based on the CPTED Approach
Mohammadreza Fardin sirous shafaghi hasan beykmohamadi zohreh rajabiUrban design plays an important role in creating the security or insecurity of urban living space. Cities that have not been found to have the correct design principles may have crime rates over other cities. In addition, environmental factors can increase the chance of MoreUrban design plays an important role in creating the security or insecurity of urban living space. Cities that have not been found to have the correct design principles may have crime rates over other cities. In addition, environmental factors can increase the chance of committing a crime for criminals. In this study, the physical and environmental factors influencing crime commitment in the 5th district of Tehran were studied. Thus, by identifying and analyzing the environmental factors affecting the security of the region 5 of Tehran through field surveys (based on the CPTED approach), solutions were introduced that would have a significant effect on the security and control of the area. The CPTED approach is a design approach based on which the design of the appropriate and targeted design of the human environment is made, designers can reduce the opportunity for crime and crime and improve the quality of life. For this purpose, the Garden of Fayez neighborhood located in this area was selected as sample and spatial analysis was carried out on it. Old and traditional texture, inappropriate scale and building height, poor visual quality (improper use of color, light and design), are some of the most important physical and environmental factors in Tehran's 5th District, which can be criminal behavior Increase in this area. Analysis of the research showed that in addition to the various difficulties and bottlenecks in the city, the study area is due to some special social, economic and cultural conditions suitable for anti-social activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
807 - Evaluating the Physical-environmental Dimensions of Internal Transportation Network Resilience and its Relevance with Sustainable Environmental Development
Akram Alimohammadi Sadroddin motevalli Azita RajabiThe purpose of present article was to evaluate the physical- environmental dimensions of internal transportation network resilience and its relevance with sustainable environmental development in Tehran district one. The present research is functional in purpose and sur MoreThe purpose of present article was to evaluate the physical- environmental dimensions of internal transportation network resilience and its relevance with sustainable environmental development in Tehran district one. The present research is functional in purpose and survey analytic in data collection form. The sample group are 100 expert and specialists of internal transportation management field of Tehran district one in purposeful sampling method, and 400 citizens living in ten regions of Tehran municipality district one during 2019 who were selected in stratified-ratio method through Cochran formula and participated in the study. The data collection process was done in library method through researcher made questionnaire. The factor analysis technique was used to define resilience dimensions, one sample t-test was utilized to determine the existing status and Friedman test was applied for ranking the dimensions. The obtained results revealed the dimensions of internal transportation network resilience in relevance with sustainable environmental development consisting of environmental sustainability, infrastructures and strengthening, urban texture, accessibility and regional lands usage. In addition, the results of one sample t-test demonstrated an average or low status of physical- environmental resilience of internal transportation network and its dimensions in the field of study in relation with sustainable environmental development. According to the received evidences of evaluating the existing status, through proper and efficient planning process, it would be possible to eliminate existing weaknesses of physical- environmental factors and increase its relevance with sustainable environmental development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
808 - Analysis of the effects of biological environmental hazards on urban spaces with emphasis on Corona pandemic (Case study: Tabriz metropolis)
Hamideh Gholami Ali Panahi Hasan AhmadzadehDuring historical periods, numerous biological hazards and epidemics such as malaria, influenza, etc. on a global scale have caused irreparable damage to human habitats. Meanwhile, one of the biological hazards that has spread to all parts of the world since 2019 is the MoreDuring historical periods, numerous biological hazards and epidemics such as malaria, influenza, etc. on a global scale have caused irreparable damage to human habitats. Meanwhile, one of the biological hazards that has spread to all parts of the world since 2019 is the outbreak of the corona virus (Covid-19). Considering the negative effects of this disease (human health, social and economic) in different areas and living conditions of cities, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of this risk in urban areas of Tabriz and provide solutions to improve the situation and exposure to other epidemics. Therefore, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of analytical-exploratory nature which has been used the qualitative model of Q-factor analysis for data analysis. The statistical population of the study also includes managers and urban experts and academic elites whose sample size was determined using the Delphi method of 15 people. Based on the model of factor analysis of Q and variance extracted, it can be said that three factors or economic, environmental and socio-individual effects have been expressed in line with the effects of Corona virus in Tabriz, which explain 76.822% of the total variance. Also, the most important effects of the coronavirus outbreak are related to economic components such as weakening the economic structure of the city, loss of job security, lower incomes and savings, and rising unemployment and downsizing in some economic sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
809 - Providing a Suitable Model to Promote Ecological Cohesion and Environmental Resilience (Case Study: Behshahr)
ebrahim zahedi kelaki Sadroddin motevali hasan mahmoudzadeh Gholamreza Janbaz GhobadiEnvironmental problems are one of the most fundamental problems of today's city and the result of human conflict with the natural environment. In this regard, in order to achieve the research goal to promote ecological cohesion and environmental resilience, the capabili MoreEnvironmental problems are one of the most fundamental problems of today's city and the result of human conflict with the natural environment. In this regard, in order to achieve the research goal to promote ecological cohesion and environmental resilience, the capabilities of remote sensing science and GIS and the use of continuity measurement metric (MNN) along with the Forman mosaic model has been used. Analysis of maps resulting from land use change shows; Stains made in the period (1986-2020) due to increasing population and demand for land and, as a result, urban growth in recent years by (+ 68%) increase in agricultural use (-52%) and gardens and green space (-31%) and barren lands have also decreased by about (-41%). The results of MNN metric analysis also indicate that; The continuity of the elements of the ecological structure of Behshahr city, especially the agricultural spots during the study period, has not been in good condition and has been severely damaged so that the ecological continuity of the agricultural spots in the last 34 years is about 48 meters, gardens and green space about 10 Meters have decreased and the distances between similar ecological spots have increased. In the end, the present study led to the preparation of a proposed model and protection and remediation solutions, as well as a critical network map of the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
810 - Analyzing of Environmental Effects Caused by the Increase in High-Rise Construction in Iranian Metropolises (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis)
Vida Hosseinpour Hossein Asghari Alireza Poursheykhian Seyyede Sedighe HasanimehrThe rapid increase in population and the lack of suitable land for development, and on the other hand, the lack of clarity of urban development policies in macro and local dimensions, have caused temporary and local solutions such as the creation of high-rise buildings MoreThe rapid increase in population and the lack of suitable land for development, and on the other hand, the lack of clarity of urban development policies in macro and local dimensions, have caused temporary and local solutions such as the creation of high-rise buildings to be proposed. Despite the increase in urban land per capita, these buildings have caused negative effects in different dimensions due to the lack of proper planning and design. Considering the importance of the subject, the aim of the current research is to investigate the physical-environmental consequences by the increase in high-rise construction in Tabriz metropolis and to provide suggestions for the construction of future buildings. The research method in the current research is mixed (combination of quantitative-qualitative methods) with an applied purpose and a descriptive-analytical nature, in order to analyze the information, structural equation modeling was used in Amos software. The statistical population of the research includes the citizens of regions 1, 2 and 5 of Tabriz, that is, the residents around Aftab Towers in Valiasr (region 1), Asman towers in El Goli (region 2) and Mehr towers in Roshdieh (region 5), which is in line with determining the volume Cochran's sampling method was used and the sample size was determined to be 384 people. The findings of the research show that the most important physical-environmental consequences caused by high-rise construction in Tabriz metropolis are related to air pollution components, surrounding functions and uses, and visual effects. Also, among the sub-components, the most important consequences are related to reducing the capacity of the road network, increasing air pollution, imposing additional pressure and load on urban facilities and services, and visual disruption, for which the value of the structural model is 0.91, 0.85, 0.77 and 0.71 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
811 - Synoptic Survey of the Largest and Most Continuous Glaciers in Northwest Iran
Batool Zeynali Mahdi Frotan Sahar OkhovatFrost is one of the natural events whose early and late occurrence can affect different aspects of human life. Therefore, this research has been carried out with the aim of predicting the atmospheric factors of this phenomenon with an environmental approach. For this pu MoreFrost is one of the natural events whose early and late occurrence can affect different aspects of human life. Therefore, this research has been carried out with the aim of predicting the atmospheric factors of this phenomenon with an environmental approach. For this purpose, the environmental data related to the daily minimum temperature of 2001-2017 for 9 synoptic stations located in Ardabil, Urmia and Tabriz provinces were obtained from the Meteorological Organization of the whole country and the days with temperature below 0 degrees Celsius that cover 40% of the studied area in were selected and using the ward hierarchical clustering method that was applied on the average sea level pressure maps related to ice days, the classification of the free days was done. In order to determine the representative of each class using scripting in the MATLAB environment, Lund's correlation was calculated between the maps of different days of each class of 2 to 5 groups with a coefficient of 0.5; And the days that had a correlation coefficient of 0.5 and the most similarity with the majority of days of that class were introduced as the representative of the group. After determining the representative day, atmospheric data was prepared from the Nova site and maps of sea level pressure, geopotential height, wind vector, temperature of 500 hPa and atmospheric thickness were drawn in Gurdes software. The results of the 4 patterns for ice days showed that the most effective systems on the northwest of Iran were high pressure systems in Siberia, low pressure systems near the Arctic and high pressure systems in Northern Europe, and the studied areas were located in the front of Faraz and the negative circulation of air brought stable conditions. In most of these patterns, the western winds that have moved in the polar ice channel have brought cold air from the northern latitudes into the atmosphere of the study areas and caused low air temperatures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
812 - Investigating the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Renewable Energy on Environmental Disasters in OECD Countries
Abdulrahim Hashemi dizaj Zahra Faturechi Hamed NajafiToday, economic growth and development in all countries, although positive and constructive goals appear, but has negative effects on other sectors and areas, including the environment. In recent years, a topic that has attracted much attention is the discussion of the MoreToday, economic growth and development in all countries, although positive and constructive goals appear, but has negative effects on other sectors and areas, including the environment. In recent years, a topic that has attracted much attention is the discussion of the negative side effects of globalization and trade liberalization and its effects on environmental degradation. It has made the environment more obvious. On the other hand, energy demand and economic development are increasing due to the need to meet basic human needs and productivity. However, efforts to meet global energy demand have led to the use of unsustainable environmental energy resources that have had an impact on environmental degradation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment in non-renewable energy on environmental degradation by examining the pollution shelter hypothesis in OECD member countries during the years 1990-2019. For this purpose, PMG ARDL test was used to obtain long-term and short-term relationships between research variables and Granger causality test was used to investigate the causal relationship between variables using composite data. Increased foreign direct investment in non-renewable energy and economic growth, along with education and population size, support the pollution shelter hypothesis, but foreign direct investment in renewable energy in OECD countries has rejected the halo hypothesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
813 - Analysing the Quality Karaj City Green Spaces using Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI)
Nazanin Naseri Milad Hosseinzadeh Niri Raoof MostafazadehThe increase of human activities has caused disturbances in human ecosystems and environment in different scales. Remote sensing techniques have been found to be effective for quantifying and detecting ecological changes and can be considered as an alternative for monit MoreThe increase of human activities has caused disturbances in human ecosystems and environment in different scales. Remote sensing techniques have been found to be effective for quantifying and detecting ecological changes and can be considered as an alternative for monitoring spatial changes in the ecological conditions of the environment. Today, the use of remote sensing data for studies related to the quality of the urban environment has also gained a great attention. In this research, the ecological quality of Karaj city's environment was evaluated and analyzed using Landsat series images in 2010 and 2020 by analyzing the main components of greenness, humidity, dryness and heat to determine four remote sensing ecological indicators. Remote sensing ecological indicators used in environmental quality extraction include LST, NDVI, NDBI and WET. The results showed that the quality of the environment of Karaj city has generally decreased from 2010 to 2022 and the average RSEI has decreased from 0.59 to 0.25, which shows the destruction of the environment of this city due to the expansion of its residential parts. Environmental changes in the study area are closely related to human activities in the form of spatial expansion of residential areas and development, which is caused by the immigration of the study area and its proximity to Tehran. The index used in the present research can adequately reflect the spatial changes of environmental quality from different dimensions and is an effective method for comprehensive evaluation of environmental quality and ecological conditions in urban environments Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
814 - Meta-study of environmental-physical characteristics of a healthy city in Iranian cities; In the period of 1390-1399 .
hamide shaebani rabori korosh afzali fateme khozai ravariExplanation of the topic: Following the excessive growth and expansion of cities, several approaches were proposed to ensure a favorable living situation for today and future generations, and one of these important approaches is the healthy city approach. The aim of the MoreExplanation of the topic: Following the excessive growth and expansion of cities, several approaches were proposed to ensure a favorable living situation for today and future generations, and one of these important approaches is the healthy city approach. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the environmental-physical indicators of a healthy city in Iranian cities. Method: The current research is a fundamental research from the point of view of the goal, quantitative in terms of method and descriptive-analytical in nature with meta-analysis method. In order to do the work, secondary data has been used and the type of model is the model with random effects. SPSS and CMA2 software were used to analyze the data. Findings: The findings show that in the mental studies group, all studies were significant and the estimation of the impact of all studies was also significant. Regarding the objective studies, 4 out of 10 studies were completely meaningless, but all the studies were significant. In the group of indicators, 29 indicators were subjective and 30 were objective indicators, and among the subjective indicators, 19 indicators were statistically significant, and among the objective indicators, 18 indicators were found to be meaningless. Results: The main results of the meta-analysis showed that the highest impact factor related to the "air quality" index, the highest confidence interval related to the "waste collection system quality" index, and the highest analysis power regarding the city of Salem is that of the "special cycling route". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
815 - Assessment of spatial development Astaneh Ashrafieh, with emphasis on environmental sustainability criteria
Shahab Nobakht Reza Veisi Maryam MohammadiAs cities grew and many of the men admitted that their needs are met in Today, due to increasing urbanization and population growth increases demand and tempers are having a lot of problems Future continuation of this situation around and even within urban environment w MoreAs cities grew and many of the men admitted that their needs are met in Today, due to increasing urbanization and population growth increases demand and tempers are having a lot of problems Future continuation of this situation around and even within urban environment will limit Thus sustainable development at all levels of human life must be considered, including the location of her life The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial expansion of urban development, the city of Astaneh Ashrafieh based on the theory of sustainable urban development is environmentally sensitive To achieve the desired goal, the criteria specified in Environmental Sustainability And the amounts of each of these criteria and sub-criteria and finally collected by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) attempted to analyze the data The research method used in this study is descriptive and analytical Results of data analysis showed that the steady state urban development based on environmental criteria - low Nest is stable in an environment with a score of 3.29. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
816 - Zoning and Measuring Sustainability of Urban Environment Emphasizing Sustainable Development in Yazd Province
Masud Safaipoor Elyas MavadatAbstract Checking development status and constraints of geographic environment is one of the most important issues in two districts of city and sustainable development due to stability and sustaiable development in cities. Indexes of sustainable development in dimension MoreAbstract Checking development status and constraints of geographic environment is one of the most important issues in two districts of city and sustainable development due to stability and sustaiable development in cities. Indexes of sustainable development in dimensions of environmental geography can be used as suitable criteria to determine the place of cities and solve their problems and shortcomings in order to achieve economic welfare and residents' social-cultural health to obtain urban sustainable development. In this regard having developmental-applied nature and descriptive-analytic method, recognizing and assessing environmental sustainability purpose, that is prioritizing sustainable development in Yazd province and using Entropy-TOPSIS model and GIS, Visio, Grafer, SPSS and Excel software and 50 indicators (hygienic, environmental, cultural, economic and social) the current research aims to analyze the studied subject in the province. The results showed that in matrix model the grouping class difference of provinces' cities was not regular in terms of population and there was not urban place in intervals between the first floor and top floor of the matrix. So 44.22% of the cities' population distributed on the first floor and the entropy coefficient confirmed it. Its coefficient was (-0.37) in 2006 and (-0.23) in 2011 which indicated the relative movement of the urban hierarchy towards instability and more concentration. Finally development prioritization obtained using TOPSIS indicated that Yazd and Abarkuh were the most developed regions having levels 0.973 and 0.610. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
817 - Identification of Environmental Strategies for Managing Human Resources in Islamic Azad University
Iraj Rashidi Ghanbar Amirnejad Karamollah Daneshfard -
Open Access Article
818 - Identification of Factors Affecting Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Supply Chain of the Steel Industry Using SPCA and KPCA Methods
Sayyed Mohammad Reza Davoodi Habib Mohammadpour Dehkordi Maliheh Rahmati Dehkordi -
Open Access Article
819 - Evaluation Green Suppliers Using DEMATEL Technique in Fuzzy Environment
Reza Ehtesham Razi -
Open Access Article
820 - Identifying and Explaining the barriers of On-time Delivery in Water Projects: Case Study of Regional Water Co. in Mazandaran
M. Mokhktari H. Azadi -
Open Access Article
821 - Environmental sustainability assessment with emphasis on drought and water resources using multi-criteria artificial neural network technology (case study of Babak city)
محمد ابراهیم عفیفی ahmad mangeli meydook ali vakhsooriIn this study, first, by studying the research, criteria and sub-criteria were identified that are effective in terms of environmental sustainability. After the Delphi stages, the criteria of environmental resources and services, environmental health and energy were sel MoreIn this study, first, by studying the research, criteria and sub-criteria were identified that are effective in terms of environmental sustainability. After the Delphi stages, the criteria of environmental resources and services, environmental health and energy were selected as the most important criteria for assessing environmental sustainability in Babak, then using the neural network model to analyze and evaluate the environmental sustainability of Babak. In this study, drought in Babak city was analyzed with a SPI index of drought during a statistical period of 32 years 1361-1392. This index is specifically for time series six; Twelve and forty-eight months were calculated. The city of Babak has been facing drought during the statistical period of thirty-two years, especially the last seven years, and on an annual scale of six months, most of its droughts are mild to moderate droughts. But in the long-term Myas 48 months, 75% of the droughts were severe and very severe, which shows a high relationship with the quantitative and qualitative decline of groundwater in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
822 - Evaluation of environmental sustainability in urban areas with the approach of fine dust problem using multi-criteria decision making technique of linear allocation and artificial neural network (case study: Ahvaz)
yahya abdolkarim neysi Mohammad Ebrahim Afifi marzeyeeh mogholiEnvironmental sustainability assessment is one of the most important tools in the process of sustainable development planning and therefore attention to it in policy-making and planning is inevitable. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the environmental sustainabi MoreEnvironmental sustainability assessment is one of the most important tools in the process of sustainable development planning and therefore attention to it in policy-making and planning is inevitable. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the environmental sustainability in urban areas with the approach of the dust problem using multi-criteria decision-making technique of linear allocation and artificial neural network in Ahvaz metropolis. In this research, first, by studying the theoretical foundations of the research, the criteria that are effective for environmental sustainability were identified. Then, the documentary and library method and referring to different departments and organizations were used to collect information in the theoretical part. However, the main information of the research was collected using field studies (completing questionnaires, observations and field studies). The research process was such that a questionnaire was designed to implement the methodology through the criteria obtained from the study of the problem literature and distributed among the people in 8 regions by stratified random sampling method. The sample size of the total areas was determined based on the unlimited Cochran's formula in the form of population classes of the areas. Keywords: Environmental stability, particulate matter, linear allocation, artificial neural network, Ahvaz Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
823 - Geomorphological consequences of the area affected by the 2017 Sarpol-e-Zahab-Azgeleh earthquake
Amjad maleki Ali AbdolmelekiEarthquakes are considered as one of the most destructive natural disasters and at the same time the most sudden natural force that occurs as a result of failure and displacement of rocks below the earth's surface. Earthquakes are followed by many geomorphological hazar MoreEarthquakes are considered as one of the most destructive natural disasters and at the same time the most sudden natural force that occurs as a result of failure and displacement of rocks below the earth's surface. Earthquakes are followed by many geomorphological hazards and environmental consequences, which cause great damage to vulnerable areas. Following the earthquake of November 13, 2017 Sarpol-e-Zahab-Azgaleh, many slope processes such as (landslides, landslides, subsidence, etc.), as well as natural consequences (changes in the flow of springs), economic, human consequences (destruction) Residential areas, roads, destruction of agricultural lands, orchards and fish farming complexes) occurred in the area, causing damage to areas affected by the earthquake. In this research, using satellite images, field operations, the required information about the occurrence of geomorphological processes and natural and human consequences in the region were collected and their location was identified and determined on a map. In addition, with the help of Arc GIS software, zones Exposed to location threats and some of the consequences of earthquakes, their location and map were plotted. The results of the study showed that the activation of most processes, amplitude instabilities as a result of weak geological structure, monotonic and morphological conditions of the region are affected by the occurrence of earthquakes, which their past history also confirms this. Preparing a final map to identify the location of complications and consequences in the region as another result of this study can be of great help in reducing the loss of life and property during Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
824 - Environmental Planning for Blown Sand Mitigation along Sistan and Baluchestan Railway tracks and Stations
Yahya Sohrabi Ahmad NohegarThe aim of this study was to design an environmental planning model for blown sand mitigation in Sistan and Baluchestan railway tracks and stations among three-step approach. To begin, interviews were conducted with 16 university experts, managers and senior experts of MoreThe aim of this study was to design an environmental planning model for blown sand mitigation in Sistan and Baluchestan railway tracks and stations among three-step approach. To begin, interviews were conducted with 16 university experts, managers and senior experts of railway facilities and environmental organization about blown sand mitigation in Iran. The data were coded and 77 components were identified in the form of 21 categories. Then the research model was designed and the hypotheses were identified based on the grounded theory (GT). Secondly, structural equation modeling (SEM) using Amos software was performed to fit the model. Next, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was applied in order to prioritize, communicate and sequence between the components. The priorities of the influential components of the environmental planning model for blown sand mitigation in Sistan and Baluchestan railway tracks and stations were classified into six levels based on the expert opinions. Among them, two indicators of identification the existing conditions and the requirements for blown sand mitigation in railway tracks and stations and the goal setting for them based on their existential mission were proposed as the most effective levels. Finally, removing legal obstacles and formulating policies compatible with the environment and considering the long-term, medium-term and short-term planning of stabilization of blown sands based on executive power in order to determine applicable goals in policy priorities were proposed as solutions for controlling blown sand hazards along the Sistan and Baluchestan railway. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
825 - Environmental Assessment And Zoning Fit Parameters For The Physical Development Of Cities (Case Study: City Of Miandoab)
Esmaeil Nasiri Hendeh Khaleh Rahim Sarvar Ali AhmadiEnvironmental Research And Talent Development Programs Necessary Powers Avoidance Is Inevitable. The Environmental Assessment As a Key Component In Development Plans And Land Use Planning Powers Is, In This Study The Environment Of The Basin Zarineh To Assess The Approp MoreEnvironmental Research And Talent Development Programs Necessary Powers Avoidance Is Inevitable. The Environmental Assessment As a Key Component In Development Plans And Land Use Planning Powers Is, In This Study The Environment Of The Basin Zarineh To Assess The Appropriateness Of Zoning and Environmental Parameters For The Physical Development Of The City Mentioned Is Evaluated. Sect City Of Miandoab In Terms Of Sustainable Urban Development, The Elements And Environmental Factors Such As Altitude, Soil, Slope, Climate, Temperature, Precipitation, etc. As Indicators Of The Physical Development Of The City Is a County-Prone But Terms Environmental Development Of The City In All Its Parts Is Not Possible. The City Is Mentioned Both In The Country And Economic Developments In Other Sectors Have Been Affected And, In The Process Of Physical Development Compared To Other Parts Of The City Even More. The Method Of Collecting Information On The Library, Documentation And Development Of Applied Research And To Analyze Spatial Data Analysis Software From Geographic Information Systems GIS Have Been Used Data Analysis And Weighted Layer Parameters Such As Slope, Fault, Drainage Networks, Communication Networks, And Distance Of The City's Land Use, Elevation And Using Software To Locate The Export Choice We Have. The Findings Show That The Areas North And East Of The City Mentioned For Balanced And Sustainable Growth And Development Is Quite Appropriate And Inappropriate Urban Development Zones In The South East And East And West Zones To The Extent Appropriate And North West, South West, Are Suitable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
826 - Development Model of Gomeyshan City Based on Environmental Factors and Analysis Placement
Marzieh Hosseini Ebrahim Moghimi Mohammad reza ServatiThe city development is an unavoidable process which is due to different effects and ingredients and its result is the city development at different points and directions. To avoid results and problems resulted from city development, the city development and spread has MoreThe city development is an unavoidable process which is due to different effects and ingredients and its result is the city development at different points and directions. To avoid results and problems resulted from city development, the city development and spread has to be done in a controlled way and based on scientific Principe and rules. Unscientific Cities growth have undesired effects and results as too much crowd in some areas of the city like, traffic increase, loss of resources and agricultural capacity around the city, damage to the environment, urban services and facilities reduction for some areas and etc. To reduce problems resulted from urban development and involve various factors in the development of the city as ecological factors such as geology and climate land use, slope, slope direction, height and etc an approach should be used which is able to interfere factors that are involved in urban development in urban development project based on their importance and regard natural development capacity and benefit from geographic information systems that are powerful tools. In this paper using ArcGIS for appropriate areas of development identification, prioritizing identified areas and hierarchical analyse for areas with development potential has been done. For this purpose, first, effective factors in skeletal urban development identified based on environment capacities and then effective factors converted to effective data in database in ArcGIS and next to choose the best area and prioritizing development areas, effective factors in urban development using hierarchical analyse (AHP) based on importance of effective factors are compared together and then using spatial analysis functions in ArcGIS appropriate areas for development determined based on priority Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
827 - Feasibility of Olive Cultivation Based on Environmental Factors Using GIS in Boyer-Ahmad Township
Marzieh MoghaliOlive trees are able to grow in different types of soils due to high compatibility with a wide range of environmental conditions. Moreover, they can be planted in certain topographic locations (especially on steep slopes and hilly terrains) not suitable for the cultivat MoreOlive trees are able to grow in different types of soils due to high compatibility with a wide range of environmental conditions. Moreover, they can be planted in certain topographic locations (especially on steep slopes and hilly terrains) not suitable for the cultivation of other oilseeds. All these unique characteristics have caused olive to be considered as a strategic product. Therefore, this study attempted at the identification of prone areas for olive cultivation in Boyer-Ahmad Township. In this study, Environmental Factors of slope percentage, slope direction, and elevation extracted from digital elevation model were used. Subsequently, data layers were classified using effective growing requirements and assessments of Environmental conditions of olive cultivation and then the weight value of each zone was calculated. Final results of this research indicated certain northern and southern limits of the area are of very high proneness. Additionally, parts of the southwest area can be economical with regard to the integrated map of west and northwest Environmental Factors. On the contrary, northern and northeastern areas are not suitable for planting olive trees to produce good yields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
828 - Assessing vulnerability of rural settlements to drought phenomenon using Kupros multi-criteria decision-making model (Case study: Delfan County)
Naser Shafiei Sabet Behzad Doosti Masomeh GhorbaniIdentifying the accident-prone areas and vulnerable to environmental hazards will enable planners to make the best decisions in the shortest possible time. Accordingly, this research was carried out to assess and rank the rural settlements of Delfan County in terms of v MoreIdentifying the accident-prone areas and vulnerable to environmental hazards will enable planners to make the best decisions in the shortest possible time. Accordingly, this research was carried out to assess and rank the rural settlements of Delfan County in terms of vulnerability to drought phenomenon using Kupros multi-criteria decision- making model. In this descriptive - analytical research, 21 vulnerability indices in physical, economic and social dimensions was studied. Data collection was done by rural administrators in 24 rural settlements, selected randomly. After weighing the indices using Shannon’s entropy method, the villages were ranked by Kupros model. Results showed that, considering the diversity of vulnerability indices, Kupros model might have a great capability in ranking of settlements in terms of vulnerability to drought phenomenon. Golam Bahri and Kafraj had the most vulnerability, and Zafar Abad and Garmeh Khani had the least vulnerability to drought phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
829 - The study of some ecological factors affecting distribution of Festuca ovina in Rangelands, Lorestan Province- County Delfan
amir mirzaei mossivand Farshad Keivan Behjou Parvin Ramak Ehsan Zandi EsfahanThe aim of present study was assessing relationship between Festuca ovina dispersion. 5 habitats in County Delfan was chosen. In each habitat, three sites were selected at each site was established three transects the length of 100 meters. Along each transect in 10-squa MoreThe aim of present study was assessing relationship between Festuca ovina dispersion. 5 habitats in County Delfan was chosen. In each habitat, three sites were selected at each site was established three transects the length of 100 meters. Along each transect in 10-square-meter plots with a total canopy cover and density of the studied species was determined. Then at initial, mid and end of transects soil samples were extracted in 0-30cm depth (A total of 135 soil samples). Height, slope, aspect and some soil characteristics including texture, electrical conductivity, acidity, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium and nitrate was determined. Cluster analysis to classify the sites sampled, Compare groups resulting from cluster analysis of independent t test and discriminate analysis was used to determine the important parameters. The results of cluster analysis indicated that the sites were separated to two main groups (At 5%). Also the results showed that studied species have the most presence in height of 2641m, slope more than 40 percent, NorthWest and western aspect, temperature more than 10 degree, precipitation 481mm, soils with 1.97 percent organic matter and less clay also more silt. The results of discriminant analysis indicated that at first level height, precipitation, temperature and some soil parameters like sand, silt and organic matter and at second level aspect and other soil characteristics like pH and potassium are effective in the studies species dispersion. According to the results of this study can be recommended as suitable to be used for rangeland restoration Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
830 - Damage caused by the war on ecosystem services in Khuzestan province; HuralAzim wetland
salimeh ebadi ghajari naghme mobarghei mostafa keshtkarWar is defined as armed conflict between different countries or groups in a country that can have devastating effects in various dimensions, including the environment. Among the effects of war on the environment can point to landuse change and habitat destruction, water MoreWar is defined as armed conflict between different countries or groups in a country that can have devastating effects in various dimensions, including the environment. Among the effects of war on the environment can point to landuse change and habitat destruction, water, soil and air pollution, and noise from biological, chemical and nuclear weapons, plant and animal species destruction, A sudden increase in agricultural food production, changes in population patterns and environmental degradation strategies.The aim of the present study is to determine the economic value of the environmental damage caused by the imposed war (1980-1988) on the HuralAzim wetland. For this purpose, by studying documents, comparing land use maps and land cover before and after the war, using the Landsat 2 and 5 satellite image classification in 1977 and 1988 and the object-oriented method, various Analyze the environmental damage caused by the war and the severity of the damage using QGIS, ENVI and eCognition software. Then, using the ecosystem services valuation method (benefit transfer), the amount of these damages and damage caused by it on the ecosystem of Horealamiz wetland is valued. Eventually is calculated, it was observed that the war between Iran and Iraq caused an annual damage of 18 billion dollars, equivalent to 3857 One thousand thousand billion rials, on the environment of the HuralAzim wetland. That amount is for one year, and can be changed according to annual inflation for continues years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
831 - Investigation of distribution of Aeluropus littoralis in Exclusion and grazed areas inthe saline and alkaline rangelands of Golestan province
amin mahmodian Majid Akherian mohamad naser taherThe shape species response along ecological gradients has important implications for both continuum theory and community analysis. The main objective of this study was investigation on the response of the A. littoralis species to some environmental gradients In the two MoreThe shape species response along ecological gradients has important implications for both continuum theory and community analysis. The main objective of this study was investigation on the response of the A. littoralis species to some environmental gradients In the two Exclusion and grazer range . The sampling method was randomized-systematic. In the area sampled, presence of the A. littoralis species, was recorded. Soil samples were taken from 0-20 cm in each quadrates. In each sample , bulk density, soil moisture, pH, N, EC, P, organic carbon, the percentage of sand, silt and clay were measured. . Sampling of soil and vegetation was carried out along 100-meter transects in two Exclusion areas and under grazing area. The data were analyzed by R ver.3.0.2 and Spss computer programs . The results showed that the ecological niche and optimum along moisture gradient for A. littoralis species has been recorded 52-42 percent and 44.7 percent respectively. The ecological optimum for S. turcomanica species in relation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
832 - Analyzing the environmental impact of Ardabil municipality's performance in the sustainable development of historical contexts in order to preserve natural ecosystems
Behnam Joudi Marzieh Mogholi Ahmadali KhorrambakhtThe urban historical fabric is part of the history and memory of a city. With the development of cities and the increase of biological-environmental problems in all areas of cities, historical textures and natural ecosystems have faced special environmental problems due MoreThe urban historical fabric is part of the history and memory of a city. With the development of cities and the increase of biological-environmental problems in all areas of cities, historical textures and natural ecosystems have faced special environmental problems due to the weakness in providing urban services. Based on this, the behavior of environmental citizenship as a concept affecting the reduction of environmental problems in historical urban areas has been noticed by planners. The aim of the current research is the effect of the municipality's performance in the sustainable development of historical contexts on environmental citizenship behavior with an emphasis on trust and place-attachment and preservation of the natural ecosystems of Ardabil. The present study is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and questionnaires of municipal performance and environmental citizenship behavior were used to collect information. The statistical population of this research is all the residents of the historical context of Ardabil city, and the required sample size was 383 residents using Cochran's formula and selected by available sampling method. Also, the validity and reliability of the data analysis was done with the method of structural equation modeling in LISREL software. According to the positive coefficients obtained from this model, the T value for research relationships based on the data of this model, which were more than 1.96, have a positive and significant effect on environmental citizenship behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
833 - Investigation of some Environmental Conditions effect on the Quality and Quantity of Essential Oil of Origanum vulgare L (Case study: Nemarestagh, Amol)
Seyyedeh khadijeh Mahdavi Naser Sadegh nia omran Hasan Ghelich nia Narjes AlipoorThe active ingredients are produced under the genetic processes; they are also significantly influenced under environmental factors. In this study, however, the effect of environmental parameters is investigated on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of Origan MoreThe active ingredients are produced under the genetic processes; they are also significantly influenced under environmental factors. In this study, however, the effect of environmental parameters is investigated on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare L in watershed basin Nemarostagh Amol in both northern and southern direction. Sampling was done in early June of the shoot plant flowers Origanum vulgare L. After the samples are dried under shadow, and then 100 grams of the sample are used to provide the essential oil by using the water distillation (Clevenger) method. The GC and GC-Mass identify constituents of the essential oil from the sample. The soil sampling is conducted from both slopes by using systematic- random method. So in long of each transect in which the samples are taken from the beginning, middle and end parts of transect in two aspect slop of depth 0-30 cm from the root and N,P,K, OM, EC, PH was measured . In total 11 component in aspect south and 7 components in aspect north was identified. Component of main essential oil in aspect o south include trans – anethole (54/98), 14خ³'>-terpinene (9/12), thymol(6/73) and in aspect of north thymol((33/49 , l-(-)-menthol (33/16) and 14خ³'>-terpinene. (55/10) Efficiency of essential oil in aspect of north 0/3% and in aspect of south %0/2 was estimated. In aspect of north Efficiency of essential oil was positive coefficient with OM, N, P and in south aspect only with OM positive coefficient in level 5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
834 - Evaluation of neural network and regression models to predict species diversity using some soil and physiographic factors (Case Study: Kharabeh Sanji watershed of Urmia)
Behnam Bahrami Ardovan GhorbaniDirect measurement of species diversity is a time consuming and cost effective and somewhat unreliable because of errors in the sampling. This study was conducted by the aim of determining low cost factors for predicting species diversity using artificial neural network MoreDirect measurement of species diversity is a time consuming and cost effective and somewhat unreliable because of errors in the sampling. This study was conducted by the aim of determining low cost factors for predicting species diversity using artificial neural network, adaptive- fuzzy neural network and regression models. Sampling was conducted using randomized-systematic method from 60 plots along 6 transects with 100m long and from 0-30cm of soil depth. Vegetation data were recorded to calculate species diversity by Shannon-wiener index. Moreover, for determining the affective factors on species diversity, electrical conductivity, pH, bulk density, percentages of organic matter, clay, silt, wet saturation, coarse and fine aggregates and slope and elevation were measured and determined. Then species diversity was determined using multii-layer perceptron neural network, adaptive-fuzzy neural network and regression models. The results show that criteria such as root mean squire error and efficiency coefficient of the regression model were 0.14 and 0.39, in artificial neural network 0.07 and 0.86 and for adaptive- fuzzy neural network 0.09 and 0.7, respectively. that Shannon wiener index was 1.98 for the study area. The artificial neural network model as a powerful tool in predicting species diversity in comparison with the multiple linear regression analysis and neural network-fuzzy adaptive models showed reliable results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
835 - The most important environmental effective factors on Dorema aucheri Boiss. dispersion in rangelands Lorestan province
amir mirzaei mousivand بهنام بهرامیAbstract The aim of present the study was assessing the relationship betweenDorema aucheri dispersion. At first, 60 sites were selected in Delfan County. In each site 3 transects with 100 m length and 10 4-square meter along transects was established and canopy cover MoreAbstract The aim of present the study was assessing the relationship betweenDorema aucheri dispersion. At first, 60 sites were selected in Delfan County. In each site 3 transects with 100 m length and 10 4-square meter along transects was established and canopy cover and species density then studied. Then at the first, mid and end of transect, soil samples were collected in 0-30 cm depth. Height, slope, aspect and some soil properties, including texture, electrical conductivity, acidity, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium and nitrate were determined. Cluster analysis, independent t test, discriminant function and principle component analysis were used for analyzing the data. The results of cluster analysis indicated that the sites were separated into two main groups. Also the results showed that studied species have the most presence in height of 2345 m, at the slope more than 80 percent, southwestern and western aspect, temperature more than 10 degrees, precipitation 498 mm, soils with 1.63 percent organic matter, and less sand, and more silt and clay. The results of discriminant function and principle component analysis indicated that at the first level height, precipitation, temperature and some soil parameters like sand, silt and organic matter and at the second level aspect and other soil characteristics like pH and potassium are effective in the studies species dispersion. According the results of the present study, this fact is documentable that the studied species is suitable for restoration in rangeland. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
836 - Optimizing soil conservation treatments with combining effective factors in water erosion process (Case study: Farhzad Watershed)
mohammad hemmati mahboobeh ghasemiIn the recent decades, soil erosion rates in Iran have increased, so during the 1951 until now, a growth rate of 420 percent was associated with the process. Now the main problem is due to soil conservation and land management to become one of the major concerns. Most o MoreIn the recent decades, soil erosion rates in Iran have increased, so during the 1951 until now, a growth rate of 420 percent was associated with the process. Now the main problem is due to soil conservation and land management to become one of the major concerns. Most of the country's vast watershed areas and limited financial resources and administrative, are causing managers of basins for recognizing the lands with priority, looking for better planning. The models and methods that are discussed in this context is sometimes difficult because of the variety of factors and their calculation, the performance is not good, Therefore, a simpler method of acceptance is high. This study was conducted to identify the critical points of the soil erosion in the watershed Farahzad of cumulative erosion index (CEI) was used. in this method, slope land, geology and land use as the most important factors were considered in the development of water erosion. And combining them based on the GIS, the cumulative index of erosion estimation and classification, the various fields of priority areas for executive soil conservation operation in Farahzad watershed were identified and classified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
837 - Elimination of Ni pollutant combined with petroleum using microalga Calothrix sp. isolated from oil polluted regions
Maryam Ameri Neda Soltani Ladan Baftechi Mehdi Bolfion seyede mehri javadi Behnaz BagheriPollution with heavy metals, especially those combined with petroleum, is one of the major environmental problems. These pollutants contaminate soil, water, and related ecosystems and cause problems for the flora and even humans. Considering the potential of microalgae MorePollution with heavy metals, especially those combined with petroleum, is one of the major environmental problems. These pollutants contaminate soil, water, and related ecosystems and cause problems for the flora and even humans. Considering the potential of microalgae for elimination of petroleum pollution and reduction of various heavy metals contaminations, this study was carried out using Calothrix sp., isolated from polluted areas with the aim of investigating the reduction of nickel as well as studying some physiological behaviors of microalgae. Experiments were designed using the Design Expert software and factors such as PH (pH4-9), nickel concentration (5-100 mg/L), and time (30-120 min) were considered. Results showed that at pH 8, 80.74 mg/L nickel concentration, and 48.24 min the highest nickel uptake (69%) was observed. Treatment of algal biomass with different chemical and physical factors in various forms, such as immobilization or use of its metabolites could improve and facilitate the absorption process and paves the way for the potential application of these microalgae in subsequent purification systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
838 - Phytochemical variations of Perilla frutescens L. var. crispa essential oils in different cultivation areas
Najmeh Abbasi Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili Raheleh Ebrahimi Hassanali Naghdi Badi Amir SahrarooPerilla frutescens var. crispa, a medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family is widely used for the treatment of constipation, asthma, and skin disorders, and also as spice. As climatic, environmental, and edaphological conditions of the plant habita MorePerilla frutescens var. crispa, a medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family is widely used for the treatment of constipation, asthma, and skin disorders, and also as spice. As climatic, environmental, and edaphological conditions of the plant habitats affect active substances of medicinal plants, quantitative and qualitative changes in the essential oil content and composition of the plants cultivated in the Research Farms of four regions of Iran (Rasht, Noor, Khorramabad, and Neishabour) were evaluated in the present study in 2020. Aerial organs of the plants were collected at the vegetative stage and their essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation. The essential oils were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the studied areas, the highest and lowest altitudes were Neishabour and Rasht, respectively. The climatic classification of Rasht and Noor was also more similar. The essential oil contents (%w/w) of the plant samples in Rasht, Noor, Neishabour, and Khorramabad were 1.45, 1.33, 1.26, and 1.16, respectively. In total, 28, 27, 25, and 27 compounds were identified in Noor, Rasht, Khorramabad, and Neishabour regions, respectively. (E)-Caryophyllene (42.4-58.7%), α-cadinol (8.2-16.5%), (E)-nerolidol (3.8-9.5%), α-dehydro-elsholtzia ketone (2.1-7.5%), cis-dihydro-α-terpinyl acetate (1.0-7.5%), and egoma ketone (0.2-5.5%) were the major essential oil compounds at different regions. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (44.9-61.2%) were the major class of the compounds of essential oils. Cluster analysis based on the essential oil compositions classified the studied areas into two distinct groups. Noor and Rasht were clustered in one group and Khorramabad and Neishabour were clustered in the other group. Results showed that temperate regions are suitable to increase the essential oil contents of the plants, while arid and semi-arid regions can improve the quality of essential oils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
839 - Feasibility of Economic and Environmental Study of Tehran Residential Building's Hot Water Supply Using Solar Energy
Hossein Yousefi Soheil Roumi Younes NoorollahiIn this study, inflation and time value has been taken into account for the economic investigation of the period of return on investment in replacing natural gas water heaters in Tehran residential buildings. First, the economic analysis was calculated considering all r MoreIn this study, inflation and time value has been taken into account for the economic investigation of the period of return on investment in replacing natural gas water heaters in Tehran residential buildings. First, the economic analysis was calculated considering all replacing cost by the residents. Second, the calculation was done if the government through the Ministry of Energy pays for all replacing cost. After reviewing various strategic of replacing natural gas boilers with solar water heaters considering the importance of economic and environmental subjects, replacing by citizens because of the financial problems and a long period of return on investment (11.2 years) is impossible. On the other hand, due to reduction of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2 which is calculated around 2.7 million ton per year, and the country's ability to exporting natural gas to neighboring countries, the strategy of subsidize of replacing by the Ministry of Energy has a return on investment (around 2 years) is much more reasonable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
840 - An Evaluation of Urban Land Use in Zarghan Using an Environmental Quality Approach
Soleyman Mohammadi Dust Mohammad Ali KhanizadehUrban land use planning is the core of the urban planning system. The purpose of land use planning is proposing an appropriate configuration and placing for urban land using and activities, especially in towns with a combined land using by lots of variety. Achieving thi MoreUrban land use planning is the core of the urban planning system. The purpose of land use planning is proposing an appropriate configuration and placing for urban land using and activities, especially in towns with a combined land using by lots of variety. Achieving this goal requires an understanding of space allocation and land distribution among users that is possible by using qualitative and quantitative methods. In this paper, we evaluate the land using in Zarghan downtown.For this purpose, we used quantitative and qualitative assessment. In quantitative assessment we discussed about the capital account and compared them with existing standards. In qualitative evaluation, by using environmental quality indicators we established the questionairs and spread them among residents. Data collection methods contains the field, library, interviews with officials and residents and develop a questionnaire. Results of Zarghan show that expanding urban population has increased in recent decades and it is causing an imbalance in the distribution of land uses. This growth is negligible and although currently not lead to deterioration of the situation but has taken an upward trend. Capitation of lots of land useage is match with existing standards and satisfaction has earned favorable to the residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
841 - Evaluation of the effective factor of environmental quality in satisfaction rate of residential environment neighborhood (Case study: Pardis new town)
Dorsa Alipour Pooyan ShahabianAn urban environment with suitable quality & neighborhoods as fundamental elements can induct satisfactory and well-fair feelings to the inhabitants. The main goal of this article is to conceptualize environmental quality contents in new towns neighborhoods by evalu MoreAn urban environment with suitable quality & neighborhoods as fundamental elements can induct satisfactory and well-fair feelings to the inhabitants. The main goal of this article is to conceptualize environmental quality contents in new towns neighborhoods by evaluating satisfaction rate of inhabitant of environmental quality factors. Therefor we extract 25 factors from fundamental theories of environmental quality in three deferent dimensions of Experimental, Functional & nature of environment. With these factors we evaluate environmental quality of 4 different neighborhoods of Pardis. Considering the main goal, we will evaluate the connection between the environmental quality indicators and the satisfaction rate of the residential environment neighborhood. This connection will be shown in a model evaluating environmental quality of Pardis new town. Study shows that there are six basic factors, defining satisfaction of Pardis habitants, while the overall score of satisfaction rate is low which explains inability of Pardis town to fulfill inhabitant needs and desires. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
842 - Explaining the Impacts of Urban Elements on Behavioral Patterns (A Case Study of the District Two of Tehran’s Municipality)
Maryam Borumand Shirin Toghyani Hamin SaberiUrban spaces are representations of the citizens’ life quality based on environmental, cultural and social structures. One can come to a clear and general overview on this point by analyzing those structures as parts of the whole city or society. The study of urba MoreUrban spaces are representations of the citizens’ life quality based on environmental, cultural and social structures. One can come to a clear and general overview on this point by analyzing those structures as parts of the whole city or society. The study of urban spaces from this point of view has been neglected due to several reasons including the ease of understanding the physical and environmental aspects compared to the meaning and performance of the urban spaces. This study is a strategic-urban one with an applied method obtained from the results of descriptive-inferential and library-based studies based on which our model has been formed. The accuracy of hypothesis was investigated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) especially Partial Least Square (PLS) method in Smart PLS and the SPSS software. In addition, bootstrapping, confirmatory factor analysis, Cross Validated Redundancy (CV red.), Cross Validated Communality (CV com.), t- value test, Stone-Geisser’s Q² value and GOF index were applied in the study. The results of the study indicated the significant levels of 3.403, 2.405 and 6.085 for meaning, function and form respectively with acceptable level (1.96) which show that the three components of form, function, and meaning always have a two-link relationship (dialectic) with each other, and it may be possible to set a set of discourses among them that can be defined in the form of a general structure. Thus, these components in combination can be effective in the formation and occurrence of behavioral patterns by guaranteeing human activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
843 - Assessing the Ecological Capability of Urban Development Using Systemic Model (A Case Study of Sari)
ali norinejad Jamaluddin Daryabari Abbas ArghanThe human relationship with the earth, over time, is always changing. This, in turn, has had a decisive impact on the use of urban lands. Therefore, in order to control urban growth, it is very important that, by identifying the ecological potential of the environment, MoreThe human relationship with the earth, over time, is always changing. This, in turn, has had a decisive impact on the use of urban lands. Therefore, in order to control urban growth, it is very important that, by identifying the ecological potential of the environment, the process of future development of the city be directed and managed in order to minimize the negative environmental impacts of natural resources of the city. With this view, after the implementation of the evaluation indicators through the system model, it has been tried to provide appropriate solutions for predicting future development of the city with an emphasis on environmental aspects. Therefore, while assessing the ecological capability of urban development in Sari using a system model, the zones in the form of very suitable and relatively suitable land parcels of urban development along with inappropriate land were identified. A very suitable class for urban development system model covered an area of about 433.143 square kilometers, equivalent to 11.22 percent, and a relatively suitable land had a surface of 126.29 square kilometers, equivalent to 34.3 percent of the city of Sari. Finally, it was concluded that 3,103 km2, which is 84.84% of the total 3662.151 sq. km of the area of Sari, cannot be developed for the creation of urban elements and other uses due to the indicators defined in the systemic model (Makhdoom). Undoubtedly, in order to preserve the ecosystems and environment, following this task seems necessary for the authorities to develop urban areas in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
844 - A Study of the Factors Influencing Environmental Preferences in Contemporary Commercial Spaces from the Youth Perspective (A case of Isfahan’s City Center Complex)
Sara sadeghi Bahram Shahedi Bahdor zamani samar haghighi boroojeniIn contemporary time, commercial spaces are increasingly considered quasi-public spaces, acquiring cultural significance as a social ground for youth to shape their identity. As a result, youth emerge as a pivotal demographic influencing both public and quasi-public spa MoreIn contemporary time, commercial spaces are increasingly considered quasi-public spaces, acquiring cultural significance as a social ground for youth to shape their identity. As a result, youth emerge as a pivotal demographic influencing both public and quasi-public spaces, highlighting the imperative for city planners to prioritize the creation of engaging environments for this age group. The present study aims to explore the factors influencing the environmental preferences of contemporary commercial spaces from the youth perspective, with a specific focus on the Isfahan City Center Complex. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, the research adopts a qualitative approach and a case strategy research design. Data collection involves self-examination through semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions and purposive sampling. The interviews, conducted with 20 participants aged 20 to 30 who visited the Isfahan City Center Complex, sought to achieve theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis (TA) technique using Atlas ti.8 Software was applied to analyze the interview data. The findings underscore the influential role of physical-spatial, social-cultural, functional-activity, and individual dimensions in shaping environmental preferences through the youth's perspectives on the Isfahan City Center Complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
845 - Urban Resilience and Natural Hazards Urban Resilience and Natural Hazards Survey of Resilience of Bandar Abbas city in Environmental Dimensions and Components and Presentation of Urban Management Strategies
narjes darmani Hossein Parvaresh Mohsen Dehghani vali AlipourIncreasing natural and human hazards, especially in developing countries, have led to more attention being paid to concepts such as vulnerability and resilience. The aim of this study was to investigate the resilience of Bandar Abbas city in environmental dimensions and MoreIncreasing natural and human hazards, especially in developing countries, have led to more attention being paid to concepts such as vulnerability and resilience. The aim of this study was to investigate the resilience of Bandar Abbas city in environmental dimensions and components and to present an urban management strategy. The population and the statistical sample of the study include experts in urban planning issues who have been selected and questioned as purposeful samples (20 people). Prioritization of environmental indicators and components; Presenting a strategy by experts to improve the resilience of Bandar Abbas.Most of the researches in Iran have been done in terms of social and economic vulnerability, but in the present study, the relationship between ecosystem literacy and environmental indicators has been investigated. Assessing urban resilience in this research can be considered as a new method in urban management. The results of the survey show: The urban resilience situation of Bandar Abbas with the calculated value of 3.29 is favorable and in a good situation in the face of environmental crises. Finally, Friedman test has been used to rank the indicators and environmental components of Bandar Abbas and urban management strategies have been presented using the opinion of experts to improve the resilience of Bandar Abbas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
846 - The Role of Social Interactions to Create Environmental Security in Residential Complexes (A Case Study of Phase One of Ekbatan Town, Tehran)
farnaz lashgari jamalledin soheiliNowadays, residential complexes are designed in such a way that the amount of social exchanges in them has decreased. One of the factors that has diminished the role of social interactions in residential complexes is the issue of environmental security. Therefore, in th MoreNowadays, residential complexes are designed in such a way that the amount of social exchanges in them has decreased. One of the factors that has diminished the role of social interactions in residential complexes is the issue of environmental security. Therefore, in this research, the role of social interactions in creating environmental security in residential complexes has been investigated. The research method in this study is based on the survey-correlation method. The statistical population in this research was sampled from among the residential complexes of Tehran. Ekbatan residential complex was considered as the smaller part of the statistical population and finally, by analyzing the obtained information, the hypothesis related to the project was tested. According to the obtained information, it was found that there is a significant relationship between social interactions and environmental security in the residential complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
847 - Evaluating worn tissue repair-experts’ awareness of environmental issues
Seyed Mohammad Shobeiri Seyedeh Zahra ShamsiPapkiadeh Nahid ghorbaniThe center of the political, economic and cultural buildings in Iran is Tehran, where almost the entire city is on a fault and is at risk. Other problems such as over-population, vehicles, worn tissue, etc. cause environmental pollution and unsustainable cit MoreThe center of the political, economic and cultural buildings in Iran is Tehran, where almost the entire city is on a fault and is at risk. Other problems such as over-population, vehicles, worn tissue, etc. cause environmental pollution and unsustainable city residents ; therefore, city managers are too much worried. That has led them to think and provide strategies to solve problems, particularly in the context of environmental problems caused by the wear in the metropolis. This study aimed to evaluate the improvement of environmental awareness in Tehran of those who were worn tissue repair experts. Applied research and descriptive research methods have been deployed. The awareness of the seven aspects of the environment of these experts were attempted and the results are shown in this research. The concepts of environmental awareness of environmental experts were shown to have been satisfactory, but in other aspects they were recognized as unaware. Experts were found in various aspects to differ by gender. Knowledge also plays a significant role in the perception of these experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
848 - Evaluation Factors in Increasing the Quality of Public Spaces in New Cities (Case Study: Parand New City)
Elham Amini Maryam Borumand Fatemeh RouhafzaIn recent century, the urban population exceeded the rural population for the first time in the history. The increase of the urban population has forced the planners and policy-makers to develop the cities and establish new cities for the settlement of population overfl MoreIn recent century, the urban population exceeded the rural population for the first time in the history. The increase of the urban population has forced the planners and policy-makers to develop the cities and establish new cities for the settlement of population overflow of the metropolises. The consequences of such a rapid growth on the one hand, and the results of the researches that show the dissatisfaction of the citizens with the policies of the urban development on the other hand, have made the urban managers and policy-makers look for the solution of the problems that are imposed by the development of the cities and establishing new cities worldwide. Meanwhile, the urban public spaces are critically important because they are accessed by all citizens and are regarded as the context of the social actions. An overview on the Iranian new cities shows the failure of the authorities in creating qualitatively desirable spaces. Indeed such cities have only formed for settling the overflow of the population of metropolises without paying attention to the urban qualified public spaces, and thus they have considerable effects on the mental and physical health of the citizens. Focusing on the concept of environmental quality and its effective components, this paper attempts to find the effective factors on the increase of the quality of public spaces in new cities. Considering the nature of the data, we have used descriptive and correlational research. The results of studying Parand New City of Iran shows that, there is a significant relationship between the level of accessibility to the space, personal characteristics of the citizens, and the increase of the quality of urban public spaces in the new cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
849 - Incorporation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in RHA-MTW Zeolite and its Application for Degradation of Dye
afshin pourahmad Babak Sadeghi Babak Azari Masoud Mokhtary -
Open Access Article
850 - Incorporation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in RHA-MTW Zeolite and its Application for Degradation of Dye
Babak Azari Afshin Pourahmad Babak Sadeghi Masoud Mokhtary -
Open Access Article
851 - Exploring the Relationship between Life Quality and Speaking Ability of Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
Reza Biria nikoo farhadian -
Open Access Article
852 - relationship between environmental management and financial performance
saleh shahabi babak jamshidi navid mehrdad ghanbariObjective: As societies develop, corporates responsibility towards society and the environment has become more and more important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between environmental management and financial performance of South Pars Assal MoreObjective: As societies develop, corporates responsibility towards society and the environment has become more and more important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between environmental management and financial performance of South Pars Assaluyeh companies.Methodology: The method of this research is descriptive-correlational and applied from the perspective of purpose. The statistical population includes 500 people from all managers, deputies and financial experts of South Pars Assaluyeh companies, which is done from 217 surveys using Cochran's formula method. The research tools in this research included the standard questionnaire of environmental management (Shaomia; 2016) and the standard questionnaire of financial performance (Azizi, 2011).Results: The validity of the questionnaires was based on the views of experts and Bartlett test. The reliability of the questionnaires was evaluated and calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the environmental questionnaire of 0.789 and the financial performance questionnaire of 0.836, which indicates the optimal reliability of the research questionnaire. In this research, to test the research hypotheses, the structural equation modeling method is used by Smart PLS software. All research hypotheses were confirmed at 95 % confidence level.Conciusion: The results of this study showed that environmental management has a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of South Pars Assaluyeh companies. These results showed that managers in the industry respect the notion of mutual winning in the range of environmental costs and also they consider managering environmental costs as a factor to increase financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
853 - Explaining the effective factors on Islamic moral intelligence and its effect on organizational apathy of the staff of Khorasan Razavi General Department of Environmental Protection
Laleh Masoomian Davod Kaveh Yaser Salary Samaneh Mehdizadeh Mehdi Mohammad bagheriThe purpose of this study is to explain the factors affecting Islamic moral intelligence and its effection organizational indifference of the staff of the General Department of Environmental Protection of Khorasan Razavi.In the process of conducting this research qualit MoreThe purpose of this study is to explain the factors affecting Islamic moral intelligence and its effection organizational indifference of the staff of the General Department of Environmental Protection of Khorasan Razavi.In the process of conducting this research qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. In the framework of the qualitative method after conducting Delphi interviews with experts some of the most important indicators related to Islamic moral intelligence and the factors affecting it and organizational indifference were identified in Department. After designing the concept model based on the desired indicators, the quantitative process began in the form of a survey method. The statistical population of the quantitative section is all the employees of this Department , about 450 people, 207 of whom were selected by simple random sampling. The research tool is researcher-made questionnaires that were validated using content validity by face validity method and internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha method. The data analysis method was structural equation modeling using Amos 23 modeling software.Findings showed that the variable of Islamic moral intelligence with a coefficient of -0.62 had a significant effect on organizational indifference of the staff . Also the variable of internal factors (innate) with a coefficient of 0.82 and the variable of external factors (educational) with a coefficient of -0.07 have an effect on Islamic moral intelligence.The result is that the designed model is the best effective model for investigating factors affecting Islamic moral intelligence and its effect on the organizational indifference of employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
854 - The effect of green human resource management on green innovation with the mediating role of green human capital and environmental knowledge in South Aluminum Industries Complex (SALCO)
adel koulak Mohammad Ali Mousavi mokhtar ranjbarToday, green human resource management has become a key strategy for businesses to move towards environmentally friendly behaviors. One of the important challenges of industries is how to integrate environmental policies into human resources activities. Based on this, t MoreToday, green human resource management has become a key strategy for businesses to move towards environmentally friendly behaviors. One of the important challenges of industries is how to integrate environmental policies into human resources activities. Based on this, the aim of this research is to investigate the effect of green human resource management on green innovation with the mediating role of green human capital, green environmental knowledge in South Aluminum Industries Complex (SALCO). The research method of this research is quantitative, in terms of "applied" goal and the data collection method is "survey". The statistical population of the research includes all the employees of South Aluminum Industries Complex (Salco) in the number of 2300 people and the sample size is 330 people (using the Cochran formula) and the data collection was done using a standard questionnaire tool. The sampling method of this research is a stratified random method and the results were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and AMOS version 24 software at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
855 - Investigating the impact of human resource retention system on productivity improvement in Parsian Gas Refining Company
mokhtar ranjbar moslem azadThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of human resource retention system onimproving productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The research method is descriptive surveytype. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and MoreThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of human resource retention system onimproving productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The research method is descriptive surveytype. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and employees of Parsian refinerywith 524 people. They were examined by stratified sampling method of 220 people. The research toolwas a researcher-made questionnaire developed by Human Resources Retention System, as well asHersey and Goldsmith's (2000) Productivity Questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaires wascalculated using Content and Structural Validity analysis and its reliability was calculated usingCronbach's alpha coefficient. For human resources retention it was 0.85 and for the Hersey andGoldsmith's productivity questionnaire was 0.92. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics andinferential statistics including multiple regressions and structural equation modeling using PLSsoftware. The findings showed that human resource retention system has a significant effect onimproving the productivity of Parsian gas refining company. Also, the dimensions of human resourceretention system including individual factors, organizational factors and environmental factors alsohave a positive and significant effect on improving the productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company.The simultaneous effect of variables in the final model using multiple regression and path analysisshowed that all dimensions of human resources retention system have a positive and significantpredictor of improving the productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
856 - Analysis of the impact of environmental characteristics, social support and adequacy of organizational resources on employee creativity
ameneh malmir shahla akbari In organizations, creativity is not only a need for competition, but also a vital factor for thesurvival of the organization. Various factors can potentially affect employee creativity. Factorsthat increase employee creativity. They are internal or external, each More In organizations, creativity is not only a need for competition, but also a vital factor for thesurvival of the organization. Various factors can potentially affect employee creativity. Factorsthat increase employee creativity. They are internal or external, each of which in turn can play asignificant role. The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of environmental factors onthe creativity of the employees of Azna Electrosard Company. The present study has acorrelational and applied aspect that was conducted as a survey among Azna electro-coldemployees in Tehran in 1397. The sampling method in this study is random. Given the totalnumber of employees, which was approximately equal to 106, the sample size using theCochran's formula was equal to 67 people. To collect information in this study, the Ye Huan(2017) questionnaire was used as a questionnaire. After confirming the validity of thequestionnaire by a number of professors and experts in the field of organizational creativity,Cronbach's alpha was used to assess reliability using a sample of 27 people. The beginning ofthe study was 0.73. To analyze the data, correlation tests and structural equation modeling wereused using SPSS and AMOS software version 21. Social support, resources, freedom, had apositive and significant effect on the quantity and quality of employees' creativity. The effect ofregulations on employee freedom at the 5% error level was negative and significant, while theeffect of regulations on the quantity of employees 'creativity as well as regulations on the qualityof employees' creativity was not significant. The present study showed that - employees'creativity is affected by environmental factors and the company should not withhold financialand non-financial support from employees in order to create and develop creativity, and alsoleave employees free to express their opinions and ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
857 - Evaluation of Environmental Considerations within Iranian Elementary School Social Studies Curriculum
Hasan Mirzaie Firouz Rezaian Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini -
Open Access Article
858 - Identifying curriculum components based on environmental literacy in the first grade of high school in Varamin city
Afsaneh Saber garekani alireza tajik alaeddin etemad ahari -
Open Access Article
859 - Investigating the situation of environmental education components in the text books of the first secondary school with emphasis on the statement of the second step of the revolution
Fatemeh Azizzadeh Mohsen Dehghani ghanatghestani Kolsum Nami Mahmood Sabbahizadeh -
Open Access Article
860 - Interactions of Transportation, Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Iran
mahsa kalantarzadeh fatemeh zandi Mohammad Khezri Bijan SafaviThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships between transportation (rail and air), economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Iran during the period 1362-1397 using time series data and the system of simultaneous equation approach. The findin MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships between transportation (rail and air), economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Iran during the period 1362-1397 using time series data and the system of simultaneous equation approach. The findings show a positive correlation between transportation (rail and air) and economic growth, as well as between transportation (rail and air) and carbon dioxide emissions. Another finding of this study is that economic growth has a significant effect on increasing carbon dioxide emissions, but increasing carbon dioxide emissions has no effect on economic growth. Based on the results, the creation and development of infrastructure related to the type of transportation in order to improve the country's economic growth is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
861 - Information and communication technology and environmental quality (Evidence from the countries of the Economic Co-operation and Development Organization)
Maryam Taiiari mahmood mahmoodzadeh Mir Hossein MousaviThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of information and communication technology on the quality of the environment (publication pollutant gases, carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases) and ecological footprint (from three aspects of the effect individual, MoreThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of information and communication technology on the quality of the environment (publication pollutant gases, carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases) and ecological footprint (from three aspects of the effect individual, country reserves trend and land type) in member countries of the Economic Co-operation and development Organization is using the panel data method in the time period of 1992-2018.The results showed Expanding the use of ICT in the mentioned countries has a positive effect on improving the quality of the environment And It has reduced the emission of carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases and ecological footprint.Furthermore, the consequences of ICT on the quality of the environment in the long term have been more than in the short term. Therefore, the findings showed that the substitution effect of ICT (substitution of online activities) compared to Income effect (increased leisure time from the substitution effect and increased travel demand) in the case study has been dominant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
862 - The Role of Economic and Environmental Policies on Preventing Air Pollution
Marziyeh Sadat Vahabzadeh Moghadam Karim Eami Farzaneh Haju HassaniThe purpose of the article is to investigate the role of economic and environmental policies on preventing air pollution using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model during the period of 1990-2019. Based on the results of the model, the economic policy MoreThe purpose of the article is to investigate the role of economic and environmental policies on preventing air pollution using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model during the period of 1990-2019. Based on the results of the model, the economic policy shock causes a sudden increase in economic growth and consumption and then their decrease; However, the economic policy shock increases air pollution. The shock of environmental policies, firstly, increases consumption and economic growth and then decreases them. Investment also decreases as a result of the shock of environmental policies. Based on the results of variance analysis, the role of economic policies for the country's economic situation and creating air pollution is greater than environmental policies. The role of environmental policies in reducing air pollution is less than the role of economic policies in increasing air pollution. It is suggested that when the government increases its expenditures, it imposes green taxes or carbon emission taxes at a lower rate than the increase in government expenditures so that the economic growth of the country will continue to be maintained along with the reduction of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
863 - The Effect of Environmental Performance on Happiness: A Cross-country Analysis
hadis hesabi morteza khorsandi hosein abbasinejad Hassan Dehghan ShourkandThis article seeks to find the relationship between happiness and environmental quality. So, the effect of environmental performance index on happiness was evaluated by using data sets of 155 countries during time interval 2006-2016 (as biannual) with panel data method. MoreThis article seeks to find the relationship between happiness and environmental quality. So, the effect of environmental performance index on happiness was evaluated by using data sets of 155 countries during time interval 2006-2016 (as biannual) with panel data method. The results indicate that the improvement of environmental performance index has a positive and significant effect of 6 percent on happiness. On the other hand, the results indicate that the effect of control variables including Gini coefficient and negative impact of environment (An average of negative feelings from environment) was negative, while having the freedom of choice is a positive effect on happiness. Apparently, previous studies confirm the validity of obtained results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
864 - The Effect of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and International Business on Greenhouse Gas Emission in Iran
taghi torabi Amin khajooeipour samaneh tarighi mohammadreza pakravanAbstract Nowadays the people all over the world are increasingly worried about the emission of greenhouse gas and the environmental changes resulted. Since Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the main source of pollution and emission of greenhouse gas, this paper is to study the r MoreAbstract Nowadays the people all over the world are increasingly worried about the emission of greenhouse gas and the environmental changes resulted. Since Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the main source of pollution and emission of greenhouse gas, this paper is to study the relationship between the emission of this gas caused by energy consumption, economic growth and international trading in Iran during 1971-2011 based on environmental biology Kuznets Curve in practice. So, auto-distribution method with vast stops is used. The results represent that the use of energy, real gross national production per person and the rate of economy openness has a positive and significant effect on the emission of CO2. Furthermore, for the acceleration of short-term dividend pattern adjustment toward long-term balancing, error correction pattern is used. The coefficient estimated for ECM is -0.49 representing that imbalance of CO2 emission can be adjusted after two years by changing the level of energy consumption, national gross production and the rate of economy openness. By considering the increase of CO2 emission in Iran, it is necessary to make new environmental policies to decrease environmental destruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
865 - Optimal Economic Model of Cultivation to Reduce the Impacts of Environmental Pollution in Mazandaran Province
Majid Ghorbani Abolfazl Mahmoudi mohsen shookat fadaei Mohammad KhalediThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the position of rapeseed and soybean oils in optimal cultivation pattern of Mazandaran province in two social and market conditions. For this purpose, the calibrated linear programming model has been used to reduce environment MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the position of rapeseed and soybean oils in optimal cultivation pattern of Mazandaran province in two social and market conditions. For this purpose, the calibrated linear programming model has been used to reduce environmental pollution based on data from the year 1396-97. The results of the market model showed that the use of water, machinery and capital for production of crops in the province, in particular, oilseeds were more than needed and the same amounts of production could be obtained by using smaller amounts of these inputs. Gained. Also, given the limitations and available resources, soybean cultivation should be reduced by 45% and canola cultivation by 18% to achieve the optimal model. The results of the social model showed that the production of oilseeds in the province would only be possible with government support for the agricultural sector. The results suggest that instead of focusing on subsidies for fertilizers and chemical pesticides, other areas such as technical knowledge promotion, insurance, warehousing, transportation, commodity exchange, standardization, export, package Classify and grade these supports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
866 - The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Competitiveness: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries of USA, U.K & Canada
somaye azami mojtaba almasi afsaneh golmohammadiThis study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K & Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simult MoreThis study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K & Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simultaneous equations, and considering interoperability among market elements.Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures (PACE) and environmental innovations are substitute variables for environmental regulations and competitiveness subsequently. The results show that increased industries expenditure to reduce emissions significantly increases their innovations and this proves Weak Porter Hypothesis (WPH) indicating positive impact of environmental regulation on competitiveness of the industries. Therefore, environmental regulations promote not only environmental quality, but also improve the industries competitiveness. The results, also, confirm the view that environmental policies are a win-win strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
867 - Analyzing the Effects of Fiscal Decentralization and its Environmental Consequences in Iran Provinces
Azad Khanzadi maryam heidarian Sara MoradiAbstract This study analyzes fiscal decentralization policies and its environmental consequences, during the period 2005-2015. The results of GMM estimation show that revenue decentralization has negative and significant relationship with pollution. Also other variables MoreAbstract This study analyzes fiscal decentralization policies and its environmental consequences, during the period 2005-2015. The results of GMM estimation show that revenue decentralization has negative and significant relationship with pollution. Also other variables results indicate positive relationship between industrialization and energy productivity with pollution. By increasing the relative density of population, pollution is reduced. The results of Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis also indicate rejection of this hypothesis. In addition, presence of multiplication of the neighboring matrix in dependent variable causes an increase in pollution in the provincial level and this indicates the spatial environmental effects in the country's provinces. It is suggested that local governments determine their own financial resources, in this case it can be targeted and based on new revenue resources such as green economy, it can define businesses that which they reduce pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
868 - Examining the role of green financing on the financial success of private companies with the mediation role of green investment
Shayan Rouhani RadToday, private companies in the competitive market and to achieve financial success must comply with the necessary environmental standards in the field of their production. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of green financing on t MoreToday, private companies in the competitive market and to achieve financial success must comply with the necessary environmental standards in the field of their production. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of green financing on the financial success of private companies with the intermediary role of green investment. This study has been conducted in terms of applied purpose, descriptive type and survey method. The statistical population in this study is 198 employees of private companies in Shiraz, who were selected by convenience sampling. In order to analyze the data, partial least squares method and Smart PLS-2 software were used. Convergent validity was used to measure validity, and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability, and its coefficient is greater than 0.7 for all research constructs. The obtained results indicate that green financing has a positive and significant effect on the financial success of private companies. Also, the positive and significant effect of green financing on green investment was confirmed. Finally, the results of this research showed that green investment plays a mediating role between green financing and financial success of private companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
869 - Apply a Mutation in Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm to Solve the Economic-Environmental Dispatch Problem of Integrated Power Plants Including Thermal and Wind
Mahdi Afroozeh Hamidreza Abdalmohammadi Mohammad-Esmaeil NazariIn this paper, a dynamic mutant version of the gray wolf optimization algorithm (MGWO) is proposed to solve the economic-environmental dispatch (E-ED) problem of a standard 40-unit power system with two wind farms. Thus, a comprehensive objective function of operating c MoreIn this paper, a dynamic mutant version of the gray wolf optimization algorithm (MGWO) is proposed to solve the economic-environmental dispatch (E-ED) problem of a standard 40-unit power system with two wind farms. Thus, a comprehensive objective function of operating costs is presented, which is a combination of wind energy costs, over-estimated penalty costs, under-estimated penalty costs, thermal unit costs and emission costs. Due to the random nature of wind speed, the power generated by wind turbines is unpredictable. Therefore, the Weibull probability distribution function has been used to model the wind farm power in this paper. The cost of operating a wind farm is considered probabilistic so that low-probability wind scenarios have less effect on the total operation cost. The simulations are performed in the form of three section and the optimization results are compared with several meta-heuristic algorithm results for validation. The results of the optimizations in all three scenarios and its comparison with other algorithms confirm the better performance and higher accuracy of the proposed MGWO algorithm than the original version of the gray wolf algorithm (GWO) as well as other algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
870 - Investigating Methods of Electronic Waste Management and Recycling of Ever-Increasing Electronic Wastes with Emphasis on Eco-Friendly Processes
Saman Madanian Sayed Mohammad Ali ZanjaniElectronic waste (E-waste) consists of obsolete electrical or electronic devices. Electronic waste recycling is of importance when it comes to protecting resources and environment. Today, nearly 1.3 billion tons/year of waste is produced worldwide, which is expected to MoreElectronic waste (E-waste) consists of obsolete electrical or electronic devices. Electronic waste recycling is of importance when it comes to protecting resources and environment. Today, nearly 1.3 billion tons/year of waste is produced worldwide, which is expected to increase to 4.3 billion tons/year by 2025. E-waste from old PCs is predicted to increase to 500 percent over a decade, and by 2020, compared to 2007, the disposal of cell phones will be increased by almost 18 times. Understanding and distinguishing different components of E-waste can help their efficient recycling. Sophisticated electronic devices contain approximately 60 different elements, which include valuable and hazardous materials. The most valuable component of E-waste is PCB, which contain many hazardous materials besides valuable metals. To prevent human and environmental poisoning, it is necessary to analyze the properties and compounds of different materials in E-waste and to find ways of re-managing it using healthy and environmentally friendly processes. In this paper, we focus on the general E-wasteland problems, such as the classification of E-waste, its constituents, various eco-friendly waste manage­me­n­t and recycling processes, as well as considering valuable metals extraction. Despite many efforts to develop the recycling technology, this technology has many disadvantages due to the complexity of E-waste treatment systems. Therefore, the disadvantages of each process are discussed by considering technical problems and environmental protection level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
871 - Improving the Efficiency of Actual Distribution System by Allocating Multi-DG and DSTATCOM
Masoud Alilou Sajad Sadi Saeed Zamanian Javad Gholami Shahab MoshariOptimal allocation of distributed generation units and DFACTS affects the efficiency of these devices; for this reason, in this article, the simultaneous placement of distributed generation and Distributed-STATic-COMpensator (DSTATCOM) are done in the distribution syste MoreOptimal allocation of distributed generation units and DFACTS affects the efficiency of these devices; for this reason, in this article, the simultaneous placement of distributed generation and Distributed-STATic-COMpensator (DSTATCOM) are done in the distribution system. The load model is considered as a combination of various customers’ daily load patterns and sensitive to voltage-frequency. The micro turbine, wind turbine, photovoltaic and fuel cell are considered as DG units. The objective functions of the problem consist of the technical index (the voltage stability and the active and reactive power loss) and environmental index (the amount of pollutant DG unit’s gas emissions). The whale optimisation algorithm (WOA) is used to multi-objective optimize the location and capacity of devices. After applying the multi-objective WOA, the analytical hierarchy process is utilized to select one of the Pareto optimal solutions as the best location and size of devices. The proposed algorithm is implemented on the 69-bus distribution system and actual 101-bus distribution system in Khoy–Iran. The results indicate the significant effect of load models and various DG units on the efficiency of the distribution system in the presence of DSTATCOM. Moreover, the indices of the distribution system are improved considerably after applying the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
872 - Improved Sensor Sampling Method for the Joint Dictionary Learning and Compressive Data Gathering in WSNs with the Aid of Information Theory
Gholamreza Imanian Mohammad Ali Pourmina Ahmad SalahiIn the last decade, to reduce the costs of environmental monitoring, the data aggregation based on the joint dictionary learning and compressive sensing technique in wireless sensor networks has been considered. In this article, a deterministic and non-random sampling d MoreIn the last decade, to reduce the costs of environmental monitoring, the data aggregation based on the joint dictionary learning and compressive sensing technique in wireless sensor networks has been considered. In this article, a deterministic and non-random sampling design for use in this data aggregation method is presented. This method is based on estimating the amount of mutual information of sensor data and is obtained by sampling all of them in a short part of the data collection round named the training phase. In the next and main stage of the data collection period, only the nodes that provide the most information about the non-sampled nodes are scheduled to sample. Simulation results for real signals show that when the number of sampling sensors comprises still about 25% of the total network nodes, average energy savings of more than 12% can be achieved over a reference sampling method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
873 - Ecological footprint of the tourism in the rural area Case study: Veshnaveh village (Qom County)
farzad vaisi arman rahimiTherefore, many empirical studies and actions have been taken to exploit the concept of sustainable development and its evaluation models. However, despite all these measures, the results from the progress towards sustainability have not been favorable. On the other han MoreTherefore, many empirical studies and actions have been taken to exploit the concept of sustainable development and its evaluation models. However, despite all these measures, the results from the progress towards sustainability have not been favorable. On the other hand, the first studies in the country indicate that there are major challenges in achieving sustainable tourism development, especially in the villages of tourism destination. In this research, it has been tried to investigate the environmental impact of the tourism on the village of Voshveh by a descriptive-analytical method, based on documentary library studies as well as field observations (distribution of the questionnaire and interview with the village council and tourists). The model of the ecological footprint model is estimated. The statistical population of this research is the number of tourists who visited Voshveh village in 2012. Considering that in the year 2012, 10,000 tourists entered the village, so using the Cochran formula, the sample size was estimated to be 350. The findings of this study indicate that the ecological footprints of tourism in the village of Wandshwa in food, transport, heating, water, electricity, and waste generation groups were 1.08 (per capita of each tourist) ha. Comparing this amount with its supporting environment indicates that tourism in the village of Wandshwa relies on an area beyond the village to meet its biological and environmental sustainability needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
874 - Sustainable ecotourism development in protected areas with an emphasis on the concept of environmental carrying capacity
مژگان بزم آرا بلشتی Mortezam tavakoly satar soltanian Kaveh JafarzadehIn this research, the breadth of capacity, ecotourism and Sports ecotourism of the protected area of Khayyz have been studied to achieve the development of sustainable ecotourism. In the same way, after providing information and analyzing them on the GIS and using the l MoreIn this research, the breadth of capacity, ecotourism and Sports ecotourism of the protected area of Khayyz have been studied to achieve the development of sustainable ecotourism. In the same way, after providing information and analyzing them on the GIS and using the linear combination method The area of the zones of each ecotourism activity was determined and Then, using the obtained information and theoretical foundations related to the capacity of the board, the threshold of ecotourism tolerance and sports ecotourism activities were calculated at three levels: physical, real and effective. According to the results, 60.5% of the total area was considered suitable for ecotourism, which has a very good area with the highest area (24.5%). Also, a very good area with 2420145 people with the highest physical range and 56278 the person has the most realistic wins. largest area of exercise ecotourism activity is located in the middle zone with an area of 3358/24 acres and it is indicative of the fact that the Southern Hemisphere is of medium power in terms of sport tourism. Out of the sports ecotourism activities, climbing activities have the highest capacity in a good area. This increase is due to the favorable environmental and ecological conditions and the greater area of these areas. Finally, studying the existing tourism situation and assessing the region indicates that the lack of attention to the threshold of environmental sustainability in the protected area of southern Khayzis can endanger the stability of the area in the short term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
875 - Factors Affecting the Participation of Citizens and Tourists for Environment Protection (A Case Study of Mahmoudabad)
naser fattahi Leila Ebrahimi jamnani Kia bozorgmehr Ameneh haghzadParticipation is the main mechanism for sustainable development goals in the third millennium. When cities grow in size and population, it is important to pay attention to the coordination between their physical, social and environmental aspects. The sustainability of t MoreParticipation is the main mechanism for sustainable development goals in the third millennium. When cities grow in size and population, it is important to pay attention to the coordination between their physical, social and environmental aspects. The sustainability of the city will depend on the harmony between these factors. The aim of the present study is to study the factors affecting the participation of citizens and tourists in order to protect the environment. The research was conducted in terms of developmental-applied purpose and in a mixed way. The statistical population of the study included members of the scientific board of the fields of environment, watershed management, agriculture, geography, tourism, Mahmoud Abad universities, managers of public organizations and private companies, employers and contractors. . Data collection tools continued from the first phase of the semi-structured face-to-face interview to the phase of theoretical saturation. Interviews with 29 people (23 men and 6 women) were identified in four dimensions and 21 items. The second part of the discussion was given to the members of Delphi Group (8 people) in two stages for designing the questionnaire. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire on the five-value Likert scale was distributed online among the statistical sample (85 people). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for education (0.754), management (0.861), planning (0.82), information (0.791), ownership (0.833), and social (0.741) were estimated. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. The findings showed that educational, social, planning, ownership, management and information factors affect the participation of citizens and tourists in environmental protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
876 - The Role of Second Home Tourism in the Physical and Environmental Changes of Lahijan during the Last Two Decades (A Case Study of Shirjoopasht Village and Lahijan)
Manuchehr Mehdipour Teymour Amar Isa PourramazanOne of the basic strategies in the field of rural development that has been considered in recent years and has had positive results in many countries is the development and expansion of tourism in rural areas. However, this strategy in Iran and especially in the study a MoreOne of the basic strategies in the field of rural development that has been considered in recent years and has had positive results in many countries is the development and expansion of tourism in rural areas. However, this strategy in Iran and especially in the study area has been associated with a phenomenon called second homes, the results of this expansion has had many negative consequences in physical, economic, environmental, cultural and social dimensions. Rural areas of Lil rural district of the central part of Lahijan during the last two decades with the prosperity of the tourism industry have been associated with the phenomenon of the expansion of second homes. In this research, using descriptive-analytical methods and statistical tests, the effects of the expansion of second homes on physical and environmental changes in rural areas of Lil district have been investigated. The results showed that the expansion of the second homes had the greatest impact on the physical part of the villages. Negative effects of the physical part include: changes in the rural landscape and urbanization of the settlement, disruption of the traditional structure and homogeneity of construction, loss of physical beauty of the village, changes in residential and commercial units. Also land use change, leveling of mountains, increasing waste production and changes in workshop units and local employees are the most important negative effects in the environmental sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
877 - Modeling the Environmental Knowledge Promotion in Local Communities of Tourist Villages (A Case Study of Touristic Road of Qaleh Chaei in Ajabshir)
vakil heidari sarban sd sdgConsidering the importance of preserving the environment of tourist villages, the present study aimed to investigate the role of tourism development in promoting environmental knowledge in the villages of the Qhale Chaei touristic road in Ajbashir. This research is deve MoreConsidering the importance of preserving the environment of tourist villages, the present study aimed to investigate the role of tourism development in promoting environmental knowledge in the villages of the Qhale Chaei touristic road in Ajbashir. This research is developmental in terms of its purpose, descriptive, causal and analytical in nature. The statistical population of the study included the residents of nine villages along the mentioned road. Using a simple random sampling method, 370 people were selected based on Cochran formula. The factual validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by some experts. Using the Cronbach Alpha Special Formula, the reliability of the research questionnaire was 0.887. For data analysis, Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression test as well as path analysis using PLS software were used. For the prioritization of villages Topsis, Vicore, ANP and Kaplend models were used. The results of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between all the variables which were ecological balance protection of the village, vegetation and animal protection, drought control, noise pollution, water and soil conservation, use of organic farming, and reduction of fuel use. Also it was shown that there was a significant relationship between fossil fuels, the principle of garbage disposal, not using the unrecyclable garbage, the management of biological crisis and the restoration or renewal of damaged environment. Also, based on the results of multi-attribute models, it can be said that Tapic Darreh village has the highest priority and the village of Qozelga has the least priority in terms of environmental knowledge of villagers. Finally, according to the results of the research some recommendations for future studies were suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
878 - Strategies for monitoring environmental changes: monitoring and predicting land-use land-cover (LULC) change (Case study: South Pars special economic zone, Iran)
Sadegh Mokhtarisabet Afsaneh Shahriari -
Open Access Article
879 - Environmental impact assessment of employing intelligent transportation systems on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Iran (Case Study: Karaj-Chalous axis)
Mohammadreza Samavi Mostafa Panahi Zahra Abedi -
Open Access Article
880 - Prevention of Green Crimes with Approaches of Critical Criminology
ahmad pourebrahim Receive Date: 2023/05/29 Revise Date: 2023/08/12   More Receive Date: 2023/05/29 Revise Date: 2023/08/12 Accept Date: 2023/09/10 Abstract Crimes against environment are applied to measures that under specific conditions, resulted in pollution, destruction or damage to epitomes of environment. The importance of prevention of these crimes is because of that, there is direct relationship with healthy of human beings. Furthermore, should be added that with globalization of economic and cultural processes, the crisis of environmental damages is reflected in more pervasive level that in this approach, at first, the green criminology started to work with a kind of pessimistic view about this kind of subjects and prevention of environmental crimes and being critical is the most important factor of green criminology. Since environment is noticed as a value and legal expediency, in recent decades, so prevention of related crimes with them is so important. Most countries performed special criminal system in this matter; so this important subject in forming legislative criminal policy about protection from environment is possible to study and survey. Each wise person with comprehension of these threats, will understands that the solution is exclusive to prevention from continue of destruction and protection of environment; furthermore, in this research, will try to survey green criminology and effect of its findings in criminal law of Iran in prevention of environmental crimes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
881 - Situational prevention, with an environmental design approach, in reducing social housing theft (a case study of “Maskane Mehr” in Rasht)
Sayyed Ali Jabbar Golbaghi Masouleh Sasan MalekmotieiIn environmental construction, improper design creates the risk of crime. Prevention through "environmental design" reduces the opportunity for criminals to commit criminal acts. Due to the increase in the occurrence of thefts, it is necessary to comply as much as possi MoreIn environmental construction, improper design creates the risk of crime. Prevention through "environmental design" reduces the opportunity for criminals to commit criminal acts. Due to the increase in the occurrence of thefts, it is necessary to comply as much as possible with the rules of environmental design in the construction of social housing. In the following article, the factors of theft crime in Maskan Mehr in Rasht are investigated on a case-by-case basis. It is clear that its origin is the neglect of situational prevention. Matching and evaluating the design of Maskan Mehr in Rasht with environmental design components, it is determined that, in the internal and external environment of this project, things such as: territory, surveillance, access control and making it difficult to achieve criminal goals have not been observed. The lack of these components has had an important impact on the occurrence and frequency of theft. Therefore, their correct implementation in social housing projects, such as Maskan Mehr, is the way to prevent the crime of theft in these settlements and residential complexes. The implementation of environmental design rules, while improving the security factor, is a great help to reduce the exorbitant costs of providing security and pursuing criminals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
882 - The relationship between individual factors and willingness to purchase environmentally friendly products
yasanallah pourashraf ata eslami abolfazl ferdowsiThe purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between individual factors and willingness to purchase environmentally friendly products with regard to the mediating role of environmental attitudes of customers. The present study is an applied one and a MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between individual factors and willingness to purchase environmentally friendly products with regard to the mediating role of environmental attitudes of customers. The present study is an applied one and a descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consists of all customers of Ard Kalaleh Company in Golestan province, with Indefinite number and the sample size of the research using Krejecie and Morgan table was 384 people, which was selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection in this study was field method and data collection tools were standard questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaires was determined and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Structural Equation Model using LISREL software was used to investigate the research hypotheses. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that there is a significant relationship between individual factors of constomers and their desire to purchase environmentally friendly products with the mediating role of environmental attitudes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
883 - A review of research in the study of ethical consumption
مهدی نعیمی نظام آباد Hossein VazifehdustIn recent years, various formsof ethical consumption have received much attention in popular Media, and researches reported increased consumer interest in buying ethical products. Authors have presented different models in the field of ethical decision making. Hunt and MoreIn recent years, various formsof ethical consumption have received much attention in popular Media, and researches reported increased consumer interest in buying ethical products. Authors have presented different models in the field of ethical decision making. Hunt and vitell model is one of the famous and dominant models. While some research have sought to model consumer ethical decision-making, others are seeking to understand the concept of consumer identity through ethical consumption discourses. A number of studies have also used the theory of planned behavior as a framework for examining consumer ethical decision-making. Most research on ethical consumption has been conducted in developed countries. However, in Northern Europe, where environmental concerns have been prominent, there has been a stream of studies on pro-environmental consumption. According to the research, the study of ethical consumption in the context of developing countries is of great importance and necessity, because most of the theories in this area have been confirmed in developed western societies and therefore have little generalizability for eastern cultures. Future research should focus on the four important areas of examining the micro-cultural contexts, examining the diverse narratives of ethical consumers and the ethical principles of the consumer in the self-ethical construction, determining the factors affecting the dynamics of ethical consumption discourses over time, and comparing diverse ethical consumption discourses related to different cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
884 - Comparison of Exploitation Criteria and Acceleration of Long Diagrid Steel Structures with Environmental Frame System Based on Dynamic Wind Analysis
mehdi hooshmand Hassan Haji Kazemi Seyed Alireza ZareeiConsidering the widespread use of diagrid systems in tall buildings, it is necessary to investigate the behavior of this structural system against the wind and control comfort criteria based on acceleration. According to different regulations, it is evident that there i MoreConsidering the widespread use of diagrid systems in tall buildings, it is necessary to investigate the behavior of this structural system against the wind and control comfort criteria based on acceleration. According to different regulations, it is evident that there is not much guidance for the design of this structural system and its requirements have not yet been included in the design regulations. Therefore, one of the most important goals of the current research is to investigate and use the Diagrid structural system as one of the modern structural systems in high-rise buildings. Another goal of this research is to compare the performance of the diagrid system with the environmental pipe system. Accordingly, the effect of various parameters including the acceleration of floors and shear of the base under dynamic wind load has been evaluated. It is expected that the performance of the diagonal network will be evaluated with a more detailed understanding of the diagonal network in tall structures and the evaluation of the operation and comfort criteria based on the acceleration against the wind load using dynamic time history analysis applying Cholesky, ergodic and AP methods. The results have been compared with the formulas of the ASCE7 regulation and the AIJ-GBV-2004 and ISO 10137:2007 comfort criteria and the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC). These investigations indicate that the acceleration of the diagrid system floors based on ASCE7 wind dynamic response prediction equations, has exceeded the permissible limit of ASCE 7 regulation by 20 milli-g (20Gal). This is due to the high estimation of ASCE 7 equations compared to the results of wind time history analysis. In such a way that in the 50-, 70-, and 100-story buildings, the maximum accelerations of the roof obtained from the ASCE 7 equation are 1.83, 2.07, and 1.87 times the results of the dynamic analysis of wind time history, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
885 - Factors Affecting Application of Information and Communications Technology from the Viewpoint of Faculty Members
Khaled Ahmadi Adel Zahed Babelan Mahdi Moeini Kia Mohammad Mahdi Babaei MenghariThe aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the application of information and communications technology and the contribution of each factor among the faculty members of Ardabil University. The research method was descriptive-correlational type. The s MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the application of information and communications technology and the contribution of each factor among the faculty members of Ardabil University. The research method was descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population included all faculty members in Ardabil Universities in 2015. According to the Morgan table, a sample of 225 subjects was selected through stratified random sampling method. Data collection was done using an ICT questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by specialists and the reliability of the instrument was calculated 0.94 by using Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software. The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated 9 factors that explain %63.563 percent of the variance of information and communication technology. Regarding the background and literature of the research, the factors were named as technical and environmental factor, economic factor, educational factor, skill and expertise factor, individual factor, software factor, human and managerial factor, attitude factor, and factor of ability to use and learn English. The most important factors according to the faculty members participating in the research included the technical and environmental ones with the highest level of contribution in explaining the variables with a value of 30.671. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
886 - A Study of ICT Role on Educational Justice from the View Point of Secondary School Managers in Mazandaran Province
Mohammad Salehi Fereshteh Chari SarastyThis research was conducted aiming to study the ICT role on educational justice from the view point of secondary school managers in Mazandaran province. The research method was descriptive survey. Statistical population was all secondary school managers of Mazandaran pr MoreThis research was conducted aiming to study the ICT role on educational justice from the view point of secondary school managers in Mazandaran province. The research method was descriptive survey. Statistical population was all secondary school managers of Mazandaran province. Based on Krejcie and Morgan, sample size determined 238 individuals (149 female and 89 male), who were selected through stratified random sampling method. Information gathering tool was educational justice questionnaire with 40 questions which were answered by the managers. The questionnaire involved the effect of information and communication technology on educational justice in four dimensions: availability broad development, individual learning flexibility, environmental learning flexibility and feedback presentation. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by specialists’ perspective, and the reliability, using Chronbach's Alpha Coefficient, was calculated 0.82. The collected data was analyzed using one sample t test. The research results showed that ICT was influential on educational justice via availability broad development, individual learning flexibility, environmental learning flexibility and immediate feedback presentation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
887 - The Relationship between Using Mass Media (with Emphasis on TV) and Promotion of Teachers' Environmental Literacy
Seyed Mohammad Shobeiri Mehran Farajollahi Elham Koohi Aghdam Hossein Meiboudi MeiboudiThe present study aimed to examine the role of mass media (with emphasis on TV) in promoting environmental literacy in secondary school teachers in Tehran. The nature and purpose of this study was applied, and in terms of research method it was descriptive and correlati MoreThe present study aimed to examine the role of mass media (with emphasis on TV) in promoting environmental literacy in secondary school teachers in Tehran. The nature and purpose of this study was applied, and in terms of research method it was descriptive and correlational. The statistical society included a total of 9899 secondary school teachers in Tehran among which 370 were selected as a sample from 19 districts of Tehran using cluster sampling and Cochran formula. The tool for collecting data was researcher-made questionnaire whose content and face validity were approved by environment and education experts. The reliability of the questionnaire based on Chronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.79. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation and multiple Regression) as well as SPSS software. The results indicated that there was a relationship between the amount of watching media (with emphasis on TV) and the level of knowledge, attitude, behavior and the overall environmental literacy of teachers. Further, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, according to multiple correlation coefficient (R=0.809), the intensity of the relationship between the criterion and predictor variables was very strong and effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
888 - Podcast and its Effect on Guidance School Students’ Environmental Awareness
Hossein Mahdizadeh Noorieh Omidi Maryam Azizi Maryam EslampanahThis paper reports part of the findings of a two- group semi-experimental design study with pre and post test, conducted in 2012, that focused on the effect of podcast with participatory method on students immediate and long term environmental learning compared to conve MoreThis paper reports part of the findings of a two- group semi-experimental design study with pre and post test, conducted in 2012, that focused on the effect of podcast with participatory method on students immediate and long term environmental learning compared to conventional teaching (lecture and group discussion) method. Two classes from a female school were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants in experimental group were asked to design podcast on environmental issues and students in control group were exposed to conventional method of teaching for a period of 8 sessions. The covariance analysis of the data revealed that teaching method had a significant influence on students’ immediate and long-term learning. In fact, the mean score of participants in experimental group was significantly higher than in control group in both immediate and long-term tests. Considering Eta squared coefficient indicates that implementing participatory designing of podcasts in environmental education can account for 31 percent of students’ immediate and 40 percent of their long-term learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
889 - The Effect of Blogging as an Educational Aid Activity on Environmental Education
Maryam Larijani Sahar Rashidi Hossein MeiboudiThe present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using blogs as an educational aid in the environmental education of high school students. The method of the study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, and a control group. The statistical population was a MoreThe present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using blogs as an educational aid in the environmental education of high school students. The method of the study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, and a control group. The statistical population was all the high school students of Ramhormoz. Using Kerjesy and Morgan's sample size table, a sample of 88 students was selected. Using stratified random sampling method, the students were placed in 4 groups of girls and boys (2 intervention groups, 2 control groups, each group 22 persons). The data-collecting tool was a researcher made questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that there was a significant difference in knowledge, attitude and environmental behavior between the control and experimental groups, hence a significant difference between the two groups with respect to environmental knowledge. Also, a significant difference was discovered in males compared to females, which showed effectiveness in males was higher. The findings witnessed the efficacy of blogging as an educational aid for environmental education in the experimental group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
890 - Determining the Main Factors Causing the Tendency to E-learning among the Professors of Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch
Mahmonir Alizadeh Batool Faghih Aram Amirhossein MahdizadehThe purpose of this study was to identify the main factors causing the tendency to e-learning among the professors of Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr. Considering the purpose, the study was an applied research adopting an exploratory survey approach for the data c MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the main factors causing the tendency to e-learning among the professors of Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr. Considering the purpose, the study was an applied research adopting an exploratory survey approach for the data collection. The statistical population consisted of 300 faculty members working in different faculties in 2014. Using the stratified random sampling and according to the H. S. Bola table, 169 people were selected as the statistical sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to identify the factors causing the tendency to e-learning among the professors. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by professors and experts and the Chronbach's alpha was used to estimate the reliability which was 0.79. Using the SPSS software and the exploratory factor analysis, the research data were analyzed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the findings, the factors including managers’ support, environmental factors, infrastructures, educational system equipment, and e-learning content had the highest impact (70%). Also, the other factors including high-speed internet, hardware facilities, and observing standards influenced the tendency to e-learning among the professors of Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr. The specific values of the first and second factors were 65.68 and 18.005, respectively. According to the variance results, the first and second priorities are respectively managers’ support and environmental factors, infrastructures, and e-learning equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
891 - The effect of teaching by environmental multimedia on learning and motivation of third grade elementary students of Tehran's green schools
Behnam Taghipour khadijeh aliabadi Saeed Pourroostaei ArdakaniThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of teaching by environmental multimedia on learning and motivation of third grade elementary students of Tehran's green schools.‎ The method was quasi - experimental design of pre-test and post-test with control g MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of teaching by environmental multimedia on learning and motivation of third grade elementary students of Tehran's green schools.‎ The method was quasi - experimental design of pre-test and post-test with control group.‎ The population was consisted of all Tehran's green schools in third grade boys that were studying in 1394-95.‎ Method that used in the sample selection procedure has been random multistage cluster sampling.‎ then randomly assigned 20 numbers in the experimental group, in a class and 20 in the control group were in other class.‎ Then a group under the first level of the independent variable (through a multimedia presentation method) and the other group at another level of the independent variable (School conventional method) were used.‎ The research's tools including: 1) test learning topics pollution and water conservation methods of that is developed by the researcher 2) Hermans's motivation of achievement questionnaire.‎ The resulting data were analyzed by analysis of covariance in SPSS software.‎ The results have shown that learning and motivation of achievement of students that was educated by training environmental multimedia in a %95 confidence interval is more than students that was educated by common method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
892 - The Relationship between Environmental Education and E-Readiness of Owners and Managers of Agricultural Enterprises
Abdolhamid Papzan Hossein Mahdizadeh Zohre MotamediniaThe aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between environmental education and e-readiness of owners and managers of agricultural enterprises in Kermanshah and Ilam provinces. This paper was an applied one in terms of its goal, and a descriptive-correlative i MoreThe aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between environmental education and e-readiness of owners and managers of agricultural enterprises in Kermanshah and Ilam provinces. This paper was an applied one in terms of its goal, and a descriptive-correlative in terms of its method. Participants of this study were 202 owners and managers of agricultural SMEs of Kermanshah and Ilam provinces who have been selected based on stratified sampling method. For gathering data, the researcher-made questionnaire and a modified version of digital Literacy of Washington University was used. The validity was obtained by the ideas of professors of extension and rural development of Razi University. Reliability was assessed by calculating the cronbach alpha. It can also be observed that acceptable values were obtained in all cases. In order to analyze the data, one sample t test, Pearson correlation and multiple regressions was used. Results indicated that digital knowledge and skill and cost-effective of ICT application explained around 22% of the variance of ICT application in environmental education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
893 - اثر عوامل اکولوژیکی بر ترکیبات شیمیایی برگ گل ماهور Verbascum songaricum Schrenk
وحید کریمیان محمد رضا وهابی محمد فضیلتی مصطفی ترکش اصفهانیمقدمه و هدف: گلماهور (Verbascum songaricum) گیاهی­ است چند­ساله علفی­ متعلق به تیره گل ­میمون و یکی از گیاهان دارویی است که در مناطق مختلف به نا­م های علف خرگوش، خرگوشک، گلماهور و علف ماهور مشهور است. هدف از این مطالعه اثرات شرایط محیطی بر خص Moreمقدمه و هدف: گلماهور (Verbascum songaricum) گیاهی­ است چند­ساله علفی­ متعلق به تیره گل ­میمون و یکی از گیاهان دارویی است که در مناطق مختلف به نا­م های علف خرگوش، خرگوشک، گلماهور و علف ماهور مشهور است. هدف از این مطالعه اثرات شرایط محیطی بر خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی برگ­های گل ماهور برای استخراج مواد موثره می­باشد.روش تحقیق: این تحقیق در پنج مکان مرتعی به ترتیب شامل دره­حوض، قهیز، سمیرم (اصفهان)، قلعه قدم و دنا (کهگیلویه و بویراحمد) انجام گرفت. گیاه مذکور در تیرماه 1390 در مرحله گلدهی از مکان­های مختلف جمع­آوری گردید. عصاره برگ به روش هضم استخراج گردید. سپس جهت شناسایی ترکیبات آن از روش گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی استفاده شد.نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که ترکیباتی هم­چون کتون و الکل در مراتع قهیز، سمیرم و دنا بیشتر از دره حوض و قلعه قدم بود. در رویشگاه اول (دره حوض و قلعه قدم) ترکیبات هیدروکربن و آمین بیشترین میزان بودند که ممکن است متوسط دمای بیشتر مناطق باعث افزایش این ترکیبات شده است. عوامل اکولوژیکی نظیر درصد رس خاک، تبخیر و تعرق، حداکثر درجه حرارت و طول دوره خشکی اثرات بیشتری بر میزان ترکیبات به خصوص در مناطق دره حوض و قلعه قدم داشته است.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: باتوجه به نتایج این تحقیق پیشنهاد می­شود با توجه به شناخت برخی خصوصیات اکولوژیکی گیاه گل ماهور می توان زمینه های را برای کشت و تولید وسیع تر آن در زمینه دارویی و صنعتی فراهم کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
894 - Climate Change, Human Rights and the need to Establish the International Court of the Environmet
Azade Rastegar Ali MashhadiAbstract: In recent decades the phenomenon of climate change is one of the important concerns of world community and some measures have been taken so far. Among these measures one can refer to ratification of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC MoreAbstract: In recent decades the phenomenon of climate change is one of the important concerns of world community and some measures have been taken so far. Among these measures one can refer to ratification of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in May 9.1992, Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and Paris agreement in 2014. The main purpose of the present paper is to examine the problems and damages inflicted on earth as a result of climate changes and the necessity of establishing an international court for protecting eco system. Taking into consideration the fact that most of conventions and treaties on environment are not obligatory the question raised her is "how far the International Court for Environment (ICE) can be effective and efficient in preventing damage to environment when a dispute arises between the performance of the parties to the convention and the rules governing the convention. The presumption of the article is that the establishment of this special court for environment can help to settle disputes in the field of environment in the same way the International Court of Justice could act in peaceful settlement of disputes. The methodology used in the paper is library source based study as well as taking the help of international environment law documents including United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) documents. The finding of the study shows that the establishment of International Court for Environment can play an effective role in protecting the environment in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
895 - Environmentally benign synthesis of 14-Phenyl-8H-Dibenzo[a,i]xanthene-8,13(14H)-Diones using CuI nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst
Javad Safaei-Ghomi Jalal Shapoori Mohammad Ali Ghasemzadeh -
Open Access Article
896 - Removal of Mercury (II) in Aqueous Solution by Using ZnO and ZnO/CdS Nanoparticles as Photocatalysts
Fattima Al-Zahra Gabar Gassim Ali J. J. Makkaw Noor Hadi Aysa -
Open Access Article
897 - A study of the viewpoints of residents of Tehranian citizens about environmental cultural propaganda and their priorities
HosseinAli Ghajari Mohamadsaleh Hosseinzadehculture is one of the most important issues of urban sociology . considering the importance of culture and environmental cultural propaganda and the need to pay attention to citizens' opinions, The present article was written in order to calculate the level of citizen Moreculture is one of the most important issues of urban sociology . considering the importance of culture and environmental cultural propaganda and the need to pay attention to citizens' opinions, The present article was written in order to calculate the level of citizens' satisfaction and their priorities regarding environmental cultural propaganda. Due to the research problem and the need for scientific and methodical answers to research questions, the conceptual framework of research was determined by reviewing various concepts and theories. The conceptual framework of the research consists of the dimensions of the content of cultural advertising and the forms of environmental cultural advertising. The method of the present article is a d survey. The statistical population of all citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran, the sample size of 1151 people . The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, . article, The priorities of environmental cultural advertising contents based on the general dimensions of culture in order of percentage are: The social dimension of environmental advertising is 49.5%, the economic dimension is 25.4% and the political dimension is 25.1%.The first priority of Tehran citizens in terms of social or public culture is: family with 19.8%,In the economic dimension: consumption culture with 25.7% and in the political dimension system evaluation with 24.4% the Maximum effectiveness of environmental advertising is related to billboards with Mean2.35 of 4 Also, there is no correlation between social class, gender and place of residence with the level of people's satisfaction with environmental advertising. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
898 - Data analysis based on ecological behavior in the face of corona residues (Study of citizens over 18 years old in Boroujerd)
abdolreza navah محمدرضا حسینی narges khoshkalamAlthough the outbreak of coronary heart disease initially had positive environmental consequences, over time, the dramatic increase in coronary heart disease became a serious threat to the environment. Accordingly, the present study has analyzed the environmental behavi MoreAlthough the outbreak of coronary heart disease initially had positive environmental consequences, over time, the dramatic increase in coronary heart disease became a serious threat to the environment. Accordingly, the present study has analyzed the environmental behavior in the face of corona waste among the citizens over 18 years of age in Boroujerd city using a qualitative grounded theoretical method. The sample size was 26 people who were purposefully selected. The method of data collection was in-depth interview and the method of data analysis was basic theory. The results showed that the two factors "prevention mechanisms" and "treatment mechanisms" have caused the phenomenon of "coronal waste generation" and the actors due to its occurrence, "environmental behavior" in one of the types: 1) environment Friendly (responsible), 2) environmentalist (careless) and 3) anti-environmental (vandalistic) have been adopted as a strategy that has been done under the influence of the prevailing context and conditions of the interventionist. The prevailing contexts were: 1) demographic characteristics of the individual, 2) health-care-treatment infrastructure, 3) educational infrastructure, 4) coronary heart disease prevalence rate. Intervening conditions were: 1) personality traits of the individual (environmental commitment and sensitivity), 2) social characteristics of the individual (environmental insights and attitudes), 3) sociability (knowledge and awareness) Environment), 4) Culturalization (environmental norm and value), 5) Government policies (Environmental trust and belonging). Finally, the environmental behavior of actors has two consequences: 1) positive: environmental purification and 2) negative: environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
899 - Evaluation of environmental aesthetics perception evolution in the transition from traditional to modern society with emphasis on identity crisis in contemporary city image
mohadese seyhani hossein safari amirreza karimiazeri seyedeh mamak salavatianThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations of art definition boundaries since the twentieth century have also had a significant impact on the aesthetic view of modern human beings. But these changes in aesthetics criteria and architectur MoreThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations of art definition boundaries since the twentieth century have also had a significant impact on the aesthetic view of modern human beings. But these changes in aesthetics criteria and architectural components are rooted in which fundamental changes in the aesthetic approach to accelerate the transition from past traditional society toward today's modern society? The present study tries to, using an analytical-comparative method based on documentary and library information with the sociological approach and the analysis of the creation process and the transition of art from traditional society to modern society, with the aim of identify the relative causes of the decline in the nature of art in present aesthetics and reducing the longevity of contemporary art experience especially in architecture. The findings of the study indicate that aesthetics in art including Iranian art, shifting from the traditional society to today’s modern society, has gradually departed from the qualitative symbolic and conceptual aesthetics and is tending towards a formal aesthetics with individualistic character which lacks referential concepts and having a more superficial perception which consequently leads to a shorter lifetime Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
900 - Social Determinants of Responsible Environmental Behavior (Case study: Citizens of Shush) with Emphasis on KAP Model
Karim Rezadoost abdolreza navah Ali Budaghi Neda AlidadiThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the Social determinants of Responsible environmentalbehavior of citizens with emphasis on independent variables of environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes and spatial attachment. The research method is survey and MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the Social determinants of Responsible environmentalbehavior of citizens with emphasis on independent variables of environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes and spatial attachment. The research method is survey and the statistical sample includes 382 citizens aged 15 to 65 years in the city of Sush who have been selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research data collection tool was a questionnaire. The descriptive findings of the study showed that the average level of responsible environmental behaviors of the citizens of Shousha is moderate (59.88). The results of path analysis showed that the variables of sense of spatial belonging (0.194), environmental awareness (0.456), environmental attitude (0.225) have a direct impact on Responsible environmentalbehavior. According to the research findings, the variable of sense of place belonging through environmental attitude had 0.176% indirect effect on the research problem. Overall.The variables included in the model could explain 0.35% of the changes in responsible environmental behavior. Comparison of beta coefficients shows that the effect of total environmental awareness (0.476) was greater than the other variables included in the model on the research problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
901 - Willingness to participate in environmental protection and the factors affecting it (Case study: Tehran citizens born in the decade 2001 and 1970)
seyedeh fatemeh gholizadeh shawon Faizollah Nouroozi حسین دهقانAbstract The environment as a life-giving factor of human life has historically been destroyed by various factors and sometimes restored spontaneously. But with the industrialization of societies and the growing population and the achievement of more human welfare, the MoreAbstract The environment as a life-giving factor of human life has historically been destroyed by various factors and sometimes restored spontaneously. But with the industrialization of societies and the growing population and the achievement of more human welfare, the adverse effects and destruction of the environment have doubled. This is where the public mind must be awakened and informed, and a serious thought must be given to the life of human life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the willingness to participate in environmental protection and the factors affecting it by examining the environmental performance of Tehran citizens born in the decade 2001 and 1971. . The theoretical framework of this research is based on the theories of Gerbner, Schwartz, Owlander and Togherson. The research method used is quantitative-survey and the research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster and the sample size was obtained after deleting 384 people. The results indicate that environmental participation is influenced by environmental knowledge, environmental ethics, environmental attitudes and media education, and the greatest impact is related to environmental knowledge and the willingness to cooperate and participate in activities. The environment is higher in respondents born in the decade 1971. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
902 - Investigating the relationship between social capital and environmental behavior of Shiraz residents
Asghar Mirfardi Dorna SalamatianA series of environmental issues, especially in metropolis, make it necessary to Consider environmental issues. This study aimed to investigate the environmental behavior of residents aged 18 and older in Shiraz and its relationship with social capital and gender. Using MoreA series of environmental issues, especially in metropolis, make it necessary to Consider environmental issues. This study aimed to investigate the environmental behavior of residents aged 18 and older in Shiraz and its relationship with social capital and gender. Using the survey method, a structured questionnaire used for data collection. The study sample was 1045 residents of Shiraz that selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, respectively. The results of the research showed that according to the coefficient of correlation (0.246) at the 99% significance level, there is a positive and significant relationship between the environmental behavior and social capital of the residents of Shiraz metropolis and their environmental behavior at the 99% level. Dimensions of social capital (social cohesion, normality, social trust, social participation and social interaction) also had a positive and significant relationship with environmental behavior. There was no significant relationship between interpersonal trust and social capital. Age also showed a positive and significant relationship with environmental behavior (p. value = 0.000). There was a significant difference at the level of 95% in the environmental citizenship of men and women. women had a stronger responsible environmental behavior. Developing and implementing policies that strengthen social capital to pursue collective interests such as the environment is an undeniable necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
903 - Investigating the factors affecting the formation of environmental citizenship(case study, the topic of non-separation of waste in Mashhad city)
Rostam SaberifarIn the field of environmental citizenship, every citizen must accept his duties and responsibilities. One of the basic responsibilities of citizens is to separate and deliver garbage on time. Because if the citizens do not fulfill their duty, many environmental and soci MoreIn the field of environmental citizenship, every citizen must accept his duties and responsibilities. One of the basic responsibilities of citizens is to separate and deliver garbage on time. Because if the citizens do not fulfill their duty, many environmental and social problems will be created, one of the most important of them is environmental pollution and the presence of garbage collectors in the city. This research was done in a descriptive and analytical way and in the form of an integrated approach of value, belief and Stern's norm. Its purpose was to determine the status of environmental citizenship in the field of participation in urban waste management based on the criteria of waste segregation in Mashhad city. To collect data, a questionnaire prepared by the researcher was used. The statistical population was the residents of Mashhad. Based on this, the statistical sample size was estimated to be 385 people. The results of the research showed that environmental citizenship in this city was not formed at least based on the criterion of waste segregation and its timely delivery. Therefore, non-participation in waste separation is related to various factors, some of which include: Negative attitude towards waste, belief in human superiority, weak knowledge and understanding, little collective supervision, avoidance of responsibility, selfishness, inappropriate personal behavior, villa housing, inappropriate access to urban facilities and infrastructure and marginalization. The final analysis showed that the variables included in the model explain almost half of the changes in the dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
904 - Social Determinants of Responsible Environmental Behavior (Case of study: Citizens of Shush) with an Emphasis on KAP Model
Karim Rezadoost Abdolreza Navah, Ali Boudaghi Neda AlidadiThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the social determinants of responsible environmental behavior of citizens with emphasis on independent variables of environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes and spatial attachment. The research method was survey MoreThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the social determinants of responsible environmental behavior of citizens with emphasis on independent variables of environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes and spatial attachment. The research method was survey and the statistical sample included 382 citizens aged 15 to 65 years in the city of Shush who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research data collection tool was a questionnaire. The descriptive findings of the study showed that the average level of responsible environmental behaviors of the citizens of Shush was moderate (59.88). The results of path analysis showed that the variables of sense of spatial belonging (0.194), environmental awareness (0.456), environmental attitude (0.225) have a direct impact on responsible environmental behavior. According to the research findings, the variable of sense of place belonging through environmental attitude had 0.176% indirect effect on the research problem. Overall, the variables included in the model could explain 0.35% of the changes in responsible environmental behavior. Comparison of beta coefficients showed that the effect of total environmental awareness (0.476) was greater than the other variables included in the model on the research problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
905 - A Sociological explanation of factors affecting waste recycling using the planned behavior theory in Abadan
Seeroos Ahmadi Ehsan Kohansal-khoob,The increasing production of urban waste is one of the most important problems of cities all over the world. An effective solution in this field is to improve citizens' environmental behavior such as waste recycling. This survey by means of the planned behavior theory, MoreThe increasing production of urban waste is one of the most important problems of cities all over the world. An effective solution in this field is to improve citizens' environmental behavior such as waste recycling. This survey by means of the planned behavior theory, examines the waste recycling and the factors affecting it in the city of Abadan. The research population consisted of people aged 15 and over of which 395 were selected using the multi-stage random sampling method. Research instruments for measuring waste recycling, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were the researcher-made questionnaires, and to measure environmental attitudes, the New Environmental Paradigm scale prepared by Dunlop et al (2000) was employed. Based on the research findings, the relationship between environmental attitudes and subjective norms with waste recycling is positive and significant. Perceived behavior control in the internal dimension has a positive and significant relationship with waste recycling, but in the external dimension, this relationship is negative and significant. The waste recycling based on the educational groups is significantly different but the waste recycling among men and women, as well as single and married people, does not show a significant difference. Moreover, the results of the multivariate regression analysis showed that the independent variables are able to explain 0.28 of the variance of the dependent variable, among which the environmental attitudes had the largest contribution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
906 - . A Data -based analysis of ecological behavior in the face of corona residues (case of Study: residents over 18 years old in Boroujerd)
abdolreza navah Hosseini Mohammadreza narges khoshkalamAlthough the outbreak of corona disease initially had positive environmental consequences, over time, the dramatic increase in corona disease became a serious threat to the environment. Accordingly, using a qualitative grounded theory approach, the present study has ana MoreAlthough the outbreak of corona disease initially had positive environmental consequences, over time, the dramatic increase in corona disease became a serious threat to the environment. Accordingly, using a qualitative grounded theory approach, the present study has analyzed the environmental behavior in the face of corona waste (residues) among the residents of the city of Boroujerd who were over 18 years of age. The sample consisted of 26 people who were purposefully selected. The method of data collection was in-depth interview. During the three stages of coding the text of the interviews, the paradigm model of Grounded Theory was finally extracted. Also, in order to validate the research, the method of "members' credibility" and to measure the reliability, the method of "internal agreement" has been used. The results showed that the two factors "prevention mechanisms" and "treatment mechanisms" have caused the phenomenon of "coronal waste generation" and after its occurrence, actors’ "environmental behavior" was manifested in one of the following types: 1) environment Friendly (responsible), 2) un-environmentalist (careless) and 3) anti-environmental (vandalistic). The prevailing contexts were: 1) demographic characteristics of the individual, 2) health-care-treatment infrastructure, 3) educational infrastructure, 4) corona disease prevalence rate. Intervening conditions were: 1) personality traits of the individual (environmental commitment and sensitivity), 2) social characteristics of the individual (environmental orientations and attitudes), 3) socialization (Environmental knowledge and awareness), 4) Culturalization (environmental norms and values), 5) Government policies (Environmental trust and belonging). Finally, the environmental behavior of actors has two consequences: 1) positive: environmental purification and 2) negative: environmental pollution Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
907 - The Relationship between Citizenship Education and Sustainable Urban Development (Case Study: Ardabil City)
MANSOUR ARAYESH Mohammad Taghi SheikhiOne of the most important and complex social developments in the last half century is the development of urbanization and one of the most essential factors associated with urban development is the issue of sustainable urban development. This form of development, while m MoreOne of the most important and complex social developments in the last half century is the development of urbanization and one of the most essential factors associated with urban development is the issue of sustainable urban development. This form of development, while meeting current needs, ensures the continued empowerment of future generations of urban communities in various environmental, economic, social and cultural dimensions. One of the components that helps sustainable urban development in ensuring this ability is citizenship education. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between citizenship education and sustainable urban development in the city of Ardabil. The theoretical framework and theoretical model was developed using theories of citizenship like that of Brian. S. Turner, Rousseau, Machiavelli, Asler and Starkey. The research population consisted of the citizens of Ardabil, of which, using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as the sample via a multi-stage clustering sampling technique. Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling were used for inferential tests. The results showed that the proposed model of relationships between variables had an acceptable fit. There was also a positive and significant relationship between citizenship education and indicators of sustainable urban development. Significant level (p) of cultural and social indicators was 0.01, economic and environmental indicators was 0.05. For citizenship education to have a greater impact on sustainable urban development, it is necessary to first provide the education platform (comprehensiveness and dynamism of law, welfare and social security) in society, then remove the intervening conditions (institutional distrust, lack of cultural development and inefficiency of formal education) that hinder development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
908 - .An investigation of attitude and enviromental behavior of shirazi citizens
Aliyar Ahmadi dorna salamatian fatemeh roostaMany of environmental threats, destruction of resources and pollution are the consequences of human behavior and only changes in human behavior can reduce enviromental problems. Attitudes toward the environment are among the most important criteria for predicting enviro MoreMany of environmental threats, destruction of resources and pollution are the consequences of human behavior and only changes in human behavior can reduce enviromental problems. Attitudes toward the environment are among the most important criteria for predicting environmental behavior. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental attitudes and behavior of the citizens in Shiraz city. This was a survey study whose research population consisted of residents (15-60 age) of five districts of the city of Shiraz of which 268 citizens were chosen on the basis of Cochran formula via a random cluster sampling technique. A questionnaire which was based on Danlap scale was used to gather needed data. The mean and standard deviation of environmental behavior were 71/79±16.78 (in 0-100 scale) which varied in different groups. Ag, level of concern about environmental issues and its destructin, and educatin showed a significant relation with the dependent variable. In the final model, attitudes toward the environmental was the most important factor influencing environmental behavior. According to the results, it is necessary to assess and emphasize diverse cultural programs including the performance the media. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
909 - Studying the Effects of Social and Economic Factors of Citizens on Urban Metabolism Model with an emphasis on the environmental justice approach
sareh ghorbani Esmaeil Salehi Shahrzad Faryadi hamidreza jafariThis research aimed to investigate the relationship between Socioeconomic Status of Citizens with some urban metabolism Variable with an emphasis on the environmental justice approach. Socioeconomic status index consisted of the average price per square meter of land, P MoreThis research aimed to investigate the relationship between Socioeconomic Status of Citizens with some urban metabolism Variable with an emphasis on the environmental justice approach. Socioeconomic status index consisted of the average price per square meter of land, Per capita housing, land ownership, housing value, Percentage of employers، Percentage of managers، higher education attainment and illiteracy. Urban metabolism included items such as energy consumption, and waste and sewage production. Simple linear regression analysis was utilized. The findings demonstrated that, of the various urban metabolism indicators, only gas consumption has a significant relationship with social and economic status of the people. Other indicators such as water consumption, electricity, waste and sewage productions did not have any Statistically Significant Relationship with consumption and socioeconomic status. Finally, this study presents an environmental justice and urban metabolism model conceptual framework by combining three aspects of environmental justice approach in order to make an effective urban metabolism model and improve urban management methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
910 - A Study on the relationship between Social Capital and Sustainable Urban Development (Case of study: Mazandaran province)
moharram azad ali rahmani firuozjah Ali Asghar Abbasi AsfajirThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between social capital and sustainable urban development in the urban population of Mazandaran province over the last 20 years. In order to investigate the relationship between these two variables, theories proposed by Put MoreThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between social capital and sustainable urban development in the urban population of Mazandaran province over the last 20 years. In order to investigate the relationship between these two variables, theories proposed by Putnam, Fukuyama, Misra, Einstein and Driscott were used. Data were collected using a survey method and a questionnaire tool from a statistical sample of 400 subjects. The descriptive findings of the current research showed that the status of the social capital index and all its components (i.e. social awareness, social trust, generalized norms, social participation and social cohesion) and the sustainable urban development index and all its dimensions (i.e. economic sustainability, social sustainability, environmental sustainability, physical sustainability and institutional sustainability) were located at the lower level than the moderate level. The explanatory findings of the research showed that social capital and all its components had a strong direct and significant relationship with sustainable urban development. In Pearson correlation coefficient, the relationship between social capital and all its components with sustainable urban development was significant. In multivariate regression analysis, the effects of all social capital components (other than generalized norms) were significant. Based on the Beta coefficient, variables social trust and social participation, respectively had the most impact on sustainable urban development. Also, َaccording to the results of structural equation modeling, on the basis of various indices, the theoretical model of the research had a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
911 - An Evaluation of environmental aesthetics perception in the transition from traditional to modern society with an emphasis on identity crisis in contemporary city
Mohadese Seyhani hossein safari amirreza karimiazeri seyedeh mamak salavatianThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations in definitions of art since the beginings of twentieth century have had a significant impact on the aesthetic views of modern human beings. But which fundamental changes in aesthetic approach ar MoreThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations in definitions of art since the beginings of twentieth century have had a significant impact on the aesthetic views of modern human beings. But which fundamental changes in aesthetic approach are at the roots of the transition from past traditional society to today's modern society? The present study, using an analytical-comparative method based on documentary and library information with a sociological approach and the analysis of the creation process and the transition of art from traditional society to modern society, aims to identify the relative causes of the decline of arts in present aesthetics and the reduction of longevity of contemporary art experience especially in architecture. The findings of the study indicate that aesthetics in arts including Iranian art, has gradually departed from the qualitative symbolic and conceptual aesthetics and tends towards a formal aesthetics with individualistic character which lacks referential concepts and has a more superficial perception which consequently leads to a shorter lifetime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
912 - .A study of the viewpoints of residents of Tehran about cultural environmental advertisements and their priorities
HosseinAli Ghajari Mohamadsaleh HosseinzadehIn urban sociology, urban culture, in addition to the body of the city, is one of the most important issues to be taken into consideration. Therefore, the promotion of urban culture in cities is one of the basic topics in urban sociology. Given the importance of culture MoreIn urban sociology, urban culture, in addition to the body of the city, is one of the most important issues to be taken into consideration. Therefore, the promotion of urban culture in cities is one of the basic topics in urban sociology. Given the importance of culture and cultural environmental advertisements and the need to pay attention to citizens' opinions, the present study aimed to examine the level of citizens' satisfaction with and their priorities regarding cultural environmental advertisements. The conceptual framework of the research consisted of a collection of theories concerning the media, culture, and advertisement. The present study was a descriptive survey. The research population consisted of all citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran, of which 1151 individuals from the 22 districts of Tehran were selected using a proportional sampling technique. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings showed the priorities of the residents in order of percentage are as follows: social environmental advertising was 49.5%, economic advertising wa 25.4% and the political advertising was 25.1%. The first priority of Tehrani citizens in terms of social or public culture was: family with 19.8%, In the economic dimension: consumption culture with 25.7% and in the political dimension: system evaluation with 24.4% And the maximum effectiveness of environmental advertising was related to billboards with a mean of 2.35 of 4. Also, there weres no correlations between social class, gender, and place of residence with the level of people's satisfaction with environmental advertising. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
913 - Willingness to participate in environmental protection and the factors affecting it (Case of study: Tehran citizens born in the decades 2001 and 1970)
Seyedeh fatemeh Gholizadeh Faizollah Nouroozi Hossein DehqanThe environment as a life-giving factor of human life has historically been destroyed by various factors and sometimes restored spontaneously. But with the industrialization of societies and the growing population and the achievement of more human welfare, the adverse e MoreThe environment as a life-giving factor of human life has historically been destroyed by various factors and sometimes restored spontaneously. But with the industrialization of societies and the growing population and the achievement of more human welfare, the adverse effects and destruction of the environment have doubled. This is where the public mind must be awakened and informed, and a serious thought must be given to the life of human life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the willingness of individuals to participate in environmental protection and the factors affecting it by examining the environmental performance of Tehrani citizens born in the decades of 2001 and that of 1971. The theoretical framework of this research was based on the theories of Gerbner, Schwartz, Owlander and Togherson. The research method used was quantitative-survey and the research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster and the sample size was 384 people. The results indicated that environmental participation is influenced by environmental knowledge, environmental ethics, environmental attitudes and media education, and the greatest impact is related to environmental knowledge and the willingness to cooperate and participate in activities. The status of the environment was higher among respondents born in the decade of 1971. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
914 - تأثیر مدیریت زنجیره تأمین سبز بر عملکرد صادراتی شرکتهای صادرکننده استان گیلان با توجه به نقش میانجی عملکرد محیطی
مجتبی روشنی دلیوند سید محمود شبگو منصفهدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، سنجش تأثیرنقش میانجی عملکرد محیطی در تاثیر مدیریت زنجیره تامین سبز بر عملکرد صادراتی شرکتهای صادرکننده استان گیلان میباشد. پژوهش از حیث هدف کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی – پیمایشی میباشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل شرکت های صادرکننده منتخب سال 13 Moreهدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، سنجش تأثیرنقش میانجی عملکرد محیطی در تاثیر مدیریت زنجیره تامین سبز بر عملکرد صادراتی شرکتهای صادرکننده استان گیلان میباشد. پژوهش از حیث هدف کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی – پیمایشی میباشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل شرکت های صادرکننده منتخب سال 1397 در استان گیلان میباشند که به روش نمونه گیری سرشماری تعداد38 شرکت انتخاب و با مدیران یا سرپرستان شرکتها نظرسنجی به عمل آمد. ابزار گردآوری داده ها پرسشنامه استاندارد بوده که روایی آن به روش روایی محتوا و پایایی آن به روش آزمون آلفای کرونباخ مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از روش مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری مبتنی بر رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزیی توسط نرم افزار آماری Smart PLS3 استفاده شد. یافته های تحقیق نشان داد که مدیریت زنجیره تامین سبز بر عملکرد محیطی و عملکرد صادراتی شرکتهای صادرکننده استان گیلان تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد. همچنین تأثیر عملکرد محیطی بر عملکرد صادراتی شرکتهای صادرکننده موردتأیید قرار گرفت. همچنین نقش میانجی عملکرد محیطی در تأثیر مدیریت زنجیره تأمین سبز بر عملکرد صادراتی شرکتهای صادرکننده استان گیلان نیز به اثبات رسید. در مجموع میتوان گفت که با ارتقای عملکرد محیطی، میزان تأثیرات مدیریت زنجیره تامین سبز بر عملکرد صادراتی شرکتهای صادرکننده استان گیلان بهبود خواهد یافت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
915 - تحلیل کارایی زیست محیطی کشورها با رهیافت تحلیل پوششی داده ها
مینا مشفق محسن رستمی مال خلیفهدر سالهای اخیر توجه عمومی به مسائل زیست محیطی به نحو چشمگیری افزایش یافته است. با توجه به افزایش نگرانیها در رابطه با کیفیت محیط زیست، تغییرات آب و هوایی و انتشار آلایندههای زیست محیطی که به عنوان عناصر مهم توسعه پایدار مطرح میباشند، یکی از مسائل مهم، اندازهگیری کا Moreدر سالهای اخیر توجه عمومی به مسائل زیست محیطی به نحو چشمگیری افزایش یافته است. با توجه به افزایش نگرانیها در رابطه با کیفیت محیط زیست، تغییرات آب و هوایی و انتشار آلایندههای زیست محیطی که به عنوان عناصر مهم توسعه پایدار مطرح میباشند، یکی از مسائل مهم، اندازهگیری کارآیی زیست محیطی است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی کارایی زیست محیطی کشورها با رهیافت تحلیل پوششی دادهها (DEA)با در نظر گرفتن خروجیها، به صورت فاکتورهای مطلوب و نامطلوب اثرگذار در تغییرات زیست محیطی( ۷ ورودی و ۷ خروجی) سال 1399 در 176 کشور استفاده شده است. واحدها با استفاده از مدل های CCR و AP به منظور رتبه بندی هر دو گروه واحد های کارامد و ناکارامد ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان میدهند کارایی زیست محیطی کشورهای منتخب به طور متوسط 80.60 درصد میباشد، که از بین کشورهای تحت بررسی، کشور ایران با کسب کارایی 0.58 دارای رتبه 140 بوده و کشورهای ایسلند، سنگاپور و لسوتو به ترتیب دارای بیشترین کارایی زیست محیطی و همچنین کشورهای سیرا لئون، فیلیپین و پاکستان به ترتیب دارای کمترین کارایی زیست محیطی هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
916 - خط مشی سرمایه گذاری جهت ارزیابی زنجیره تامین الکتریسیته: یک حالت مطالعه در صنعت برق
مژگان پورعلیزادهاتلاف منابع موجود و تاثیرات مضر انتشارات سمی یک نقش اساسی را در ارزیابی پایداری بخشهای انرژی، نیروگاهی، انتقال و توزیع در صنعت برق ایفا میکند. سرمایه گذاری در اختصاص ظرفیتهای متناسب و کنترل دقیق منابع میتواند بطور قابل توجه ای تاثیرات منفی انتشاز گازهای آلاینده و انرژی Moreاتلاف منابع موجود و تاثیرات مضر انتشارات سمی یک نقش اساسی را در ارزیابی پایداری بخشهای انرژی، نیروگاهی، انتقال و توزیع در صنعت برق ایفا میکند. سرمایه گذاری در اختصاص ظرفیتهای متناسب و کنترل دقیق منابع میتواند بطور قابل توجه ای تاثیرات منفی انتشاز گازهای آلاینده و انرژی تلف شده را در زنجیره تامین الکتریسیته کاهش دهد. این مقاله یک مدل بر اساس تحلیل پوششی داده ها را جهت ارزیابی پایداری زنجیره تامین بوسیله مدیریت منابع مضر و کنترل گازهای گلخانه ای در بخشهای انرژی، نیروگاهی ، انتقال و توزیع ارایه مینماید. هدف این مطالعه تعیین ناحیه های سرمایه گذاری موثر و محدود در بخشهای زنجیره تامین برای کاهش گازهای آلاینده میباشد در واقع روش ارایه شده ناحیه های موثر در سرمایه گذاری یک زنجیره تامین را از بخشهای غیر موثر مشخص مینماید بطوریکه افزایش سرمایه گذاری در بخشهایی با سطح باللایی از فرصتهای سرمایه گذاری سبب کاهش قابل توجه ای از گاز فلر، گازهای گلخانه ای در بخشهای انرژی و نیروگاهی و مهار تلفات برق در خطوط انتقال و توزیع می شود. نتایج بدست آمده از اجرای مدل ارایه شده نشان می دهند که 60 درصد از زنجیره های تامین دارای یک شبکه توزیع با سطح بالایی از فرصتهای سرمایه گذاری جهت کاهش تلفات برق می باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
917 - تقابل عوامل محیطی و ژنتیکی مؤثر بر کیفیت اسپرم در گاوهای نر هلشتاین ایران
م.و. قاسمی ا. قربانیهدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی تأثیرعوامل محیطی و ژنتیکی مؤثر بر صفات کیفیت اسپرم، حجم اسپرم، جمعیت اسپرم در هر میلیلیتر انزال، کل جمعیت اسپرم در هر انزال، جنبندگی اسپرم تازه، تعداد اسپرم تازه جنبا در هر میلیلیتر انزال، کل جمعیت اسپرم تازه متحرک در هر انزال، جنبندگی اسپرم Moreهدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی تأثیرعوامل محیطی و ژنتیکی مؤثر بر صفات کیفیت اسپرم، حجم اسپرم، جمعیت اسپرم در هر میلیلیتر انزال، کل جمعیت اسپرم در هر انزال، جنبندگی اسپرم تازه، تعداد اسپرم تازه جنبا در هر میلیلیتر انزال، کل جمعیت اسپرم تازه متحرک در هر انزال، جنبندگی اسپرم بعد از یخگشایی، تعداد اسپرم تازه جنبا در هر میلیلیتر انزال بعد از یخگشایی، کل جمعیت اسپرم زنده بعد از یخگشایی، تعداد پایت تولیدی در هر انزال و نسبت جنبندگی قبل و بعد از انجماد بود. از 83 گاو نر متعلق به دو مرکز آزمون نتاج نمونه خون و اسپرم تهیه و با استفاده از روش PCR_RFLP تعیین ژنوتیپ شدند. اثر فصل بر تعداد کل اسپرم متحرک بعد از یخگشایی (0075/0>P)، نسبت تحرک قبل و بعد از انجماد (0001/0>P)، تعداد دز اسپرم تولیدی (0247/0>P)، تحرک بعد از یخگشایی (0001/0>P)، تعداد اسپرم متحرک به ازای هر میلیلیتر انزال بعد از انزال (0012/0>P)، تحرک بعد از انزال (0001/0>P)، جمعیت اسپرم (0038/0>P) و حجم انزال (006/0>P) معنیدار بود اما، با صفات تعداد کل اسپرم (438/0>P)، تعداد کل اسپرم متحرک بعد از انزال (3606/0>P) و تعداد اسپرم متحرک بعد از یخگشایی در هر میلیلیتر انزال (1106/0>P) معنیدار نبود و اثر متقابل فصل اسپرمگیری با ژن هورمون محرک فولیکول تنها با حجم انزال (0435/0>P)، جمعیت اسپرم (0080/0>P)، تعداد اسپرم متحرک به ازای هر میلیلیتر انزال بعد از انزال (0117/0>P) و تعداد دز اسپرم تولیدی (0119/0>P) معنیدار بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تقابل عوامل ژنتیکی و محیطی به طور قابل توجهی بر روی تولید اسپرم در گاوهای نر هلشتاین تأثیر میگذارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
918 - Fertility of Holstein Cattle in a Subtropical Climate of Egypt
El-Wishy El-Wishy -
Open Access Article
919 - Environmental and Genetic Factors Affecting Early Growth Traits in Three Yemeni Indigenous Sheep Breeds
A.M. Albial J. Singh -
Open Access Article
920 - ارزیابی نگهداری و دما بر کیفیت فیزیکی تخم مرغ برای جوجه های لاین در اوج تولید
ان. درجیهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر ذخیرهسازی و دما بر کیفیت فیزیکی تخم مرغ در جوجه های لاین بود. در مجموع 150 تخم مرغ از مزرعه دانشکده منابع طبیعی برای آزمایش حاضر جمعآوری شدند. حدود 70 تخم مرغ در یخچال خانگی (دما، 46/7±23/0 درجه سانتیگراد، رطوبت نسبی، 05/0±80 Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر ذخیرهسازی و دما بر کیفیت فیزیکی تخم مرغ در جوجه های لاین بود. در مجموع 150 تخم مرغ از مزرعه دانشکده منابع طبیعی برای آزمایش حاضر جمعآوری شدند. حدود 70 تخم مرغ در یخچال خانگی (دما، 46/7±23/0 درجه سانتیگراد، رطوبت نسبی، 05/0±80/24 درصد) و درجه حرارت اتاق (دما، 12/1±98/22 درجه سانتیگراد، رطوبت نسبی، 50/2±93/48 درصد) نگهداری شدند. از صحت شرایط با نصب غربالگری دادهها اطمینان حاصل شد. صفات کیفی تخم مرغ مورد بررسی شامل وزن تخم مرغ، شاخص شکل تخم مرغ، وزن مخصوص، حجم تخم مرغ، ضخامت پوسته، مرغ، شاخص زرده و pH سفیده بود. نتایج نشان میدهند که اثر ذخیرهسازی طولانی مدت بر کیفیت تخم مرغ مؤثر است و این اثر معنیدار بود (05/0>P). کیفیت تخم مرغ نگهداری شده در دمای اتاق در مقایسه با آنهایی که در یک محیط سرد قرار داده شدند، به سرعت کاسته میشد . در میان صفات مورد مطالعه در تخم مرغ به نظر میرسد، pH سفیده برای بررسی کیفیت تازگی تخم مرغ به دلیل روند ثابت آن قابل اعتماد باشد. با توجه به اطلاعات با pH سفیده تخم مرغ، تخم مرغهایی که به مدت 10 روز تحت شرایط سرد نگهداری شدند شبیه به تخم مرغ تازه باقی مانده و روزهای بعد به نظر میرسد به طور معنیداری (05/0>P) متفاوت است. علاوه بر این، این مطالعه اهمیت ضریب همبستگی در تعیین افت کیفی تخم مرغ در ذخیرهسازی طولانی را تأیید کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
921 - Environmental risks Assessment of the Construction Project using the EFMEA Method with Emphasis on the risks affecting water pollution
Ebrahim Nohani eraj charlangbadilThe purpose of this paper was to Environmental risks Assessment of the Construction Project using the EFMEA Method with Emphasis on the risks affecting water pollution. In this study, through field visits to the construction project, the project activities were fully id MoreThe purpose of this paper was to Environmental risks Assessment of the Construction Project using the EFMEA Method with Emphasis on the risks affecting water pollution. In this study, through field visits to the construction project, the project activities were fully identified and then the environmental risks were identified. In order to estimate the amount of risks, according to experts, checks and tables, the EFMEA method was used. Following the work process, solutions and control measures were presented and the risk number was recalculated. According to the results of this study, the highest number of risks was related to secondary accidents (250) and the lowest number of risks was related to manual freight transport activity (8). After presenting control measures, it was observed that the numerical value of environmental risks, especially risks affecting water pollution has decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
922 - Presenting a reverse logistics optimization model to reduce environmental effects based on waste management
Mahta Kakooee Mahmoud Modiri Ghanbar Abbaspour EsfedenSolid waste has become one of the most critical environmental issues in the world. Therefore, a waste management system to prevent further destruction of the environment is essential. Waste management includes collection, transport, cleaning, recycling, and disposal of MoreSolid waste has become one of the most critical environmental issues in the world. Therefore, a waste management system to prevent further destruction of the environment is essential. Waste management includes collection, transport, cleaning, recycling, and disposal of the wastes. In recent years, due to environmental concerns, manufacturers have been forced to offer environmentally friendly products. So, the area of reverse logistics (RL) has recently received considerable attention, due to a combination of environmental, economic, and social factors. In this research, the design of a multi-product and eleven-level reverse logistics network is conducted, which collects all the waste in one place and separates them according to the needs of the factories (in terms of the type and material of the waste, etc.) and sends them to the intended destination. This model can support all kinds of industries in which the revival of recycling and destruction of products. This study provides a mixed integer mathematical model to reduce the costs of the whole system. The number of centers, the number of products and parts that should be sent from one center to another, the amount of CO2 emissions, and the total cost of the model were determined. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was done on the parameters of the model. The model was validated by changing the input data in two different cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
923 - Sustainable Consumption Policy: Environmental Care Requirements in Human Resource Training Study in the Iraqi Ministry of Commerce
Mamoon Ali Ebrahim Saeid Sharifi Younis Mohammad Khizr al-Sabawi Mehrdad SadeghiPaying attention to professional human resources in the framework of administrative competencies based on sustainable development requires continuous training based on the needs and requirements that were considered within the framework of duties and performance aimed a MorePaying attention to professional human resources in the framework of administrative competencies based on sustainable development requires continuous training based on the needs and requirements that were considered within the framework of duties and performance aimed at the development goals for the organization, one of the important priorities of organizations commercial, especially in developing countries. Therefore, the present research was conducted cross-section and with the qualitative content analysis method, with the aim of investigating the requirements of environmental care in human resources training, emphasizing the sustainable consumption policy in the Ministry of Commerce of Iraq. The participants in the research up to the theoretical saturation of the data were 15 subject matter experts in the field of environmental sustainability who were selected in a purposeful method dependent on the criteria. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and the validity of the data was confirmed by an external audit. The results showed that increasing the knowledge of consumption and its political and executive antecedents is one of the main dimensions of environmental care requirements in human resources education with an emphasis on sustainable consumption through 9 main components including the development of education, consumer self-awareness, supportive policies, and sustainable incentives. , implementation of control policies, recognition of economic models, green management training, technological development and sustainable identification are known in the form of 57 sub-components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
924 - Assessing the Effects of Urban Transportation Different Modes on Urban Spaces Environmental Quality
Atefe ParsaeianEnvironmental quality is a multi dimensional concept that has common points with concepts such as quality of life, quality of place, perception and satisfaction of citizens and livability. So, one of the urban environmental quality indicators is easy, quick and safe acc MoreEnvironmental quality is a multi dimensional concept that has common points with concepts such as quality of life, quality of place, perception and satisfaction of citizens and livability. So, one of the urban environmental quality indicators is easy, quick and safe access for citizens and enjoying a variety of facilities and activities in the cities. In this regard, accessibility, movement continuity and presence of specific social groups, such as children and elderlies in different parts of the urban spaces, with the lowest energy wastage (in the field of the Fuel consumption and human force), the most acceptable cost; low traffic and minimal adverse environmental effects; such as air and noise pollution; and the most positive effects on culture, society and economic and also optimal utilization of physical and biological environment resulting from the desirable communication with urban transportation systems are among the main indicators of upgrading of the environmental quality of urban spaces. According to this, the present paper- with the goal of assessing the effects of urban transportation different modes on urban spaces environmental quality- is seeking to answer the question of: Which of the urban transportation modes have the most effects on upgrading of urban spaces environmental quality? The methodology of the paper relies on the secondary data and a questionnaire-based survey through Delphi Method. Finally, for assessing the effects of urban transportation different modes on urban spaces environmental, AHP Method is used. The results show that pedestrian mode in the first place and public transportation in the second place have the most ability to upgrading the environmental quality of urban spaces and creating attractive, livable and sustainable urban spaces Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
925 - The Role of Environmental Participation in Improving the Level of Social Health of Shirvan Citizens
fatemeh raouf Mohammad Motamedi aliakbar poorahmadIn the new international evaluation, social health and social capital are considered as one of the important indicators of development, because the health of the individual and the society are so interdependent that it is impossible to set boundaries between them. A soc MoreIn the new international evaluation, social health and social capital are considered as one of the important indicators of development, because the health of the individual and the society are so interdependent that it is impossible to set boundaries between them. A socially healthy citizen is considered to be a valuable person in the society and can easily participate in city affairs. Therefore, the current research seeks to investigate the effect of environmental participation of the citizens of Shirvan in order to increase the social health of the citizens. descriptive-analytical method was used. The statistical population in this research is the residents of Shirvan city, which was obtained as a statistical sample of 384 people using Cochran's formula. Linear regression tests and partial square analysis were used to investigate the effect of the independent variable (citizens' environmental participation) on the dependent variable (social health) and the results of the two tests show that the effect is highly significant. The findings of the research showed that in the dimension of environmental participation with a value of 4.15, it has a high average, and among the dimensions of the social health index, in order, the dimension of social cohesion with an average value of 4.75, social acceptance with a value of 4.69, social prosperity with The value of 4.55 and social participation with the value of 4.10 have the highest averages, and then social adaptation with the value of 3.87 has obtained the lowest average. PLS statistical test was used to measure the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
926 - Identification of suitable areas for the presence of the elderly in urban areas using the AHP-Fuzzy model with emphasis on the environment-oriented psychology (Sample of Shiraz District 8)
ehsan amini sadegh seidbeigi sadegh ebrahimi Amir bakhshiForecasts for the next 40 years predict an increase in the elderly population more than other age groups. Thus, the number of people aged 60 and over as a proportion of the world's population is projected to more than double, from 880 million in 2012 to 2 billion by 205 MoreForecasts for the next 40 years predict an increase in the elderly population more than other age groups. Thus, the number of people aged 60 and over as a proportion of the world's population is projected to more than double, from 880 million in 2012 to 2 billion by 2050. The largest increase is projected in the 80-year-old class and above. The number of centenarians is growing even faster and is projected to increase tenfold, from approximately 343,000 in 2012 to 3.2 million by 2050. One of the groups that need further study in urban areas is the elderly group. In fact, moving towards urban adaptation for the elderly is a kind of movement towards urban sustainability. Accordingly, in this study, suitable spaces for the presence of the elderly with the approach of geriatric psychology using the AHP-Fuzzy model in the 8th district of Shiraz have been identified. Research method in this research in terms of results and consequences of research of a fundamental-strategic type and in terms of implementation process; Quantitatively and logically, reasoning is of the type of deductive research, and also in terms of time is part of cross-sectional research and in terms of purpose is analytical research. The statistical population includes the elderly of District 8, which is equal to 2477 people, and the sample size according to Cochran's formula is 285 people. The data used were collected using a questionnaire and connected to the fishnet network, and the AHP model was used for weighting, which had the highest weight in terms of physical environment and personal and social characteristics. After applying the obtained weight on the fuzzy maps, the layers were superimposed using the five fuzzy functions, which was selected as the final map according to the evaluation of the gamma function model to identify suitable places for the presence of the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
927 - Improvement of Environmental Quality in Historical Textures (Case Study: Khajeh Khezr Neighborhood, Kerman City)
Saman SobhaniHistorical neighborhoods have special values inside them; and, in addition to inducing a sense of collective memories, they have to have some criteria in respect of achieving desirable environmental quality for citizens to live. From the perspective of urban planners an MoreHistorical neighborhoods have special values inside them; and, in addition to inducing a sense of collective memories, they have to have some criteria in respect of achieving desirable environmental quality for citizens to live. From the perspective of urban planners and designers, a neighborhood as an urban space has to satisfy various needs of citizens in terms of activities as well as their spiritual requirements. In this research based on components of environmental quality in one of the neighborhoods with historical value resulting from a theoretical model presented (functional-structural, physical-spatial, and substantive), integrated analysis has been performed on the Khajeh Khezr neighborhood in Kerman. Then, after studying its weaknesses and strengths points of it based on the AIDA model, some mechanisms have been presented to promote environmental quality, based on neighborhood organization; and, related urban design projects have been defined, accordingly. In this research, the descriptive-analytical method and review of texts have been used in the form of library studies; and, case study has been applied as well as observation and questionnaire in the form of field studies. Analyzing the findings shows that inhabitants in Khajeh Khezr neighborhood are not very satisfied with the quality of the urban environment of the neighborhood. To improve the quality of the environment in Khajeh Kheza neighborhood, emphasis should be put on creating variety and balance in design, strengthening non-motorized traffic, and prioritizing organization and betterment of the neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
928 - Environmental concerns and green human resource management: A meta-synthesis
Ali Reza Nobari Seyed-Reza Seyedjavadin Taher Roshandel Arbatani Fereydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti -
Open Access Article
929 - Humic acid affects some growth parameters, chlorophyll, flavonoids, antioxidant enzymes and essential oil of Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad under salinity stress
Hadis Zaremanesh Hamid Reza Eisvand Naser Akbari Ahmad Ismaili Mohammad Feizian -
Open Access Article
930 - Effects of climate and soil properties on phytochemical characteristics of Ferulago angulate (Schltdl.) Boiss
Khodabakhsh Safari Mehrab Yadegari Behzad Hamedi -
Open Access Article
931 - Assess the role of environmental elements sustainability in rural settlements SWOT method Case study: the central city Bardaskan
K. omidvar M. fanodi M. narangifardIn this study, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was evaluated by SWOT method and some strategies were provided to improve sustainability rural settlements in order to provide strategies and Appropriate solutions for assessing the role of environmental el MoreIn this study, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was evaluated by SWOT method and some strategies were provided to improve sustainability rural settlements in order to provide strategies and Appropriate solutions for assessing the role of environmental elements in sustainability of rural settlements in the central city of Bardaskan. The results showed that the strategies for continuity of the stability of the rural settlements, including optimal exploitation of water resources (as a main factor), Planting crops with low water requirements, holding Workshops in order to raise public awareness of villagers, Avoiding industrial wastewater into groundwater, culture making by expanding the communication and organization of local beneficiaries ,the protection of the ground water extraction, expanding coverage the rivers in the rural areas in central city of Bardaskan . preparation and implementation of complete immunization research projects in canals of the restrict, utilization of land resources, strengthening the foundation of the rural economy, (with tourism approach as an alternative framework of the appropriate and maximum use of existing conditions to develop the region’s natural tourism projects) are the factors of stability of the settlements. The factors of region’s village's instability including events natural hazards like severe and frequent droughts, floods and earthquakes and instability of slopes are the most important natural hazards in the central part of the Bardaskan city likely to occur and threaten the stability of rural settlements. Instability of the rural settlements caused unpleasant consequences, such as increasing migration, squatter phenomenon, informal settlements and uncontrolled spread of urban areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
932 - Comparison the Performance of Rural Supervisory Management (Councils) in Small and Large Villages of Ardooghshan Rural District in Neyshabur County
Vahid Riyahi Nazanin Naeimabadi Frahad JavanIn many respects, rural councils’ performance depends on factors such as education, interest, social contexts and participation of villagers to a great extent. It seems that size of rural supervisorysettlements has impact on the performance of rural supervisoryman MoreIn many respects, rural councils’ performance depends on factors such as education, interest, social contexts and participation of villagers to a great extent. It seems that size of rural supervisorysettlements has impact on the performance of rural supervisorymanagement. The present study aims to investigate the rural management in small and large rural settlements and its differences and consequences. This is an analytical study based on library - documentary studies and after preparation of theoretical framework, indices, questionnaire and field study were done. For data analysis, SPSS and Expert Choice software were used. Questionnaires were distributed in 14 villages and among 334 persons living in big and small rural areas. To compare the success of councils in large and small villages, Mann-Whitney test was applied. Also, for economic, social and environmental ranking, Expert Choice software was used. The results of the study showed that first, significant differences were considered councils’ success rates in large and small villages in all indices, with a significance level less than 0.05 (sig < 0.05). Second, the results showed that the highest economic performance rank and the highest social rank had been allocated to large villages and also small villages, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
933 - Graded and Prioritized Rural Areas in Terms of Environmental Instability (Case Study: Districts of Dashti County, Bushehr Province)
P. zyaeian H. Afrakhteh M. Shoghi N. naeimabadisustainable rural development is a process to improve all aspects of rural life through the field and encourage environmental activities in harmony with the capabilities and constraints. In this regard, the main objective will be the sustainable development of rural are Moresustainable rural development is a process to improve all aspects of rural life through the field and encourage environmental activities in harmony with the capabilities and constraints. In this regard, the main objective will be the sustainable development of rural areas habitable to life for current and future generations with particular emphasis on environmental improvement and continuous development of human relations. Studies show that today the socio-economic changes and increasing mobility of human groups, has led to the transformation of the countryside. Therefore, the question of what are the main reasons for instability in rural areas has always been important. The present study has been conducted to investigate this issue. Considering the importance of the issue and the growing instability of the countryside, this case study sought to assess the level of prioritization of rural areas in terms of environmental instability in the villages of Dashti city. The method used in this study was a combination of field and descriptive-analytic. In this study, using the AHP in Software Expert Choice, weighted indexes were determined and then using model Vikor highly unstable districts in the study were examined and districts were ranked according to the severity of instability. The results showed that the drought weighed 0.390 had the greatest weight among factors of instability. And based on the model Vikor, Kabgan district (obtained Q = 0. 994) achieved the highest rank and Shonbe district (obtained Q = 0.000) achieved the lowest rank Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
934 - Analysis of the role of tourism on promotion of environmental knowledge and awareness of the villagers, case study: the touristic route of Savar- Tutakhaneh
Alireza Soleimani Ali majnoony Ahmad AftabThe purpose of this research is developmental with a descriptive and survey nature and it is an analytical and casual-comparative research. The research population consisted of all residents in Touristic villages of Bonab (Savar and Tutakhaneh Villages) which was more s MoreThe purpose of this research is developmental with a descriptive and survey nature and it is an analytical and casual-comparative research. The research population consisted of all residents in Touristic villages of Bonab (Savar and Tutakhaneh Villages) which was more similar to the tourstic villages of Savar and Tavakkane in terms of social and environmental characteristics. Using the random sampling method based on Cochran formula, the sample size for this study obtained 234 persons and for equality of test results, 234 persons of the villagers living in non-touristic villages (Algoo and Rovesht e Koochak villages) were chosen as control group. Data analysis is done using Kolmogorov Smirnov, Pearson and T tests. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Pilot study was done in the same region with a population of 45 questionnaires and using the data obtained and Cronbach's alpha special formula in SPSS software, the reliability of the questionnaire obtained 0/89. T-test results in relation to environmental awareness of these two groups’ shows that the relation among the variables of protection of flora and fauna coverage, soil conservation, lack of noise, using organic farming methods, the need to reduce fossil fuel production, the need for systematic waste disposal and the use of non-renewable waste with the dependent variable (tourism) is significant. Finally, according to the findings of the study, practical suggestions on making best use of the capabilities of the tourism industry in order to protect of the environment are provided Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
935 - Assessments of sense of belong in historic area with emphasize on environmental and physical variables (Case study: Arg- Ganjalikhan, Mozafari and Ghaleh Mahmood’s areas in Kerman city)
Hamid Mohammadi Mitra GhorbiNowadays the concept sense of place is one of the important issues that the contemporary urban development is facing with. In the past cities used to have the high potential of providing interaction between man and space; but today despite of high potentials in most of MoreNowadays the concept sense of place is one of the important issues that the contemporary urban development is facing with. In the past cities used to have the high potential of providing interaction between man and space; but today despite of high potentials in most of historic areas, undesirable environmental and physical quality causes weakening of social ties among the inhabitants, lower sense of belonging and gradual decline of these areas. This issue motivated the authors to clarify the relationship between criteria of environment’s quality (environmental and physical) on sense of belonging in historic neighborhoods of the city of Kerman. Questionnaire was the main data collection method, and 374 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed. The results show a direct and meaningful relationship between the physical variables and sense of belonging but reverse and meaningful relationship between environmental variables and sense of belonging. In attention to components of physical variables and sense of belonging, in Arg-Ganjalikhan and Mozafari areas buildings and spaces has the highest effect over sense of belonging. However, in GhalehMahmood area it was accessibility. Regarding the components environmental variables and sense of belonging, it is notable that sound pollutions in Arg-Ganjalikhan, Mozafari and GhalehMahmood areas has the highest influence on the sense of belonging. The results of structural equations modeling also demonstrate that improving the condition of environmental and physical variables can improve the condition of sense of belonging as well. However, the influence of environmental variables on the sense of belonging was higher comparing to physical ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
936 - Evaluating and analyzing the spatial distribution of rural inhabitants with emphasis on biological and activity risk taking using GIS and SPSS (the area under study: Aq Su rural area)
Ayub badraq nejad reza sarli Mahbub babaii Morteza basiriFactors such as altitude from the sea level, gradient, geological structure, fault, water resources, soil, vegetation and land usage, each are the natural bed that their effectiveness has an effective role in evaluation and identification of suspectible and unsuspectibl MoreFactors such as altitude from the sea level, gradient, geological structure, fault, water resources, soil, vegetation and land usage, each are the natural bed that their effectiveness has an effective role in evaluation and identification of suspectible and unsuspectible areas in evaluation of the dangers of rural areas. The present study in the manner of type is an applicaple-developmental research and its methodology is of library and field study type. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental, ecological capability of the Aq su area of Kalale township in order to evaluate the danger and therefore, after identification of indicators, the effort was done to conduct a local data base in the Arc GIS . Next, after standardizing these indicators with the method of phase logic and AHP in the software atmosphere utilizing the identification tools, each of the indicators were given a certain weight. Afterwards with combining and overlaying these indicators, based on AHP model and phase logic, the final map indicating appropriate and inappropriate areas was collected. The area under study in the collected map was divided into three layers of very appropriate, appropriate and inappropriate in order to program for any type of inhabiting activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
937 - Analysis of the situation and effects of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in districts 11 and 12 of Tehran City
seyed jalalaldin Hossini azita Raja i afshin safahan aliasghar rezvaniPopulation growth and development of cities, their transformation into metropolises and the issue of migration, cause an increase in population and many transportation problems. Hence, the Transit Oriented Development approach emerged as one of the most evolved developm MorePopulation growth and development of cities, their transformation into metropolises and the issue of migration, cause an increase in population and many transportation problems. Hence, the Transit Oriented Development approach emerged as one of the most evolved development perspectives. The city of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, is always struggling with transportation problems. Districts 11 and 12 of Tehran are considered due to their centrality and the existence of important commercial centers; However, it has always faced many problems due to the increase in private car traffic, and to reduce its consequences, it has launched subways and high-speed buses. The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation and effects of transportation-based development in districts 11 and 12 of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is one of the few researches that used field method and questionnaire tools to collect data. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens and users of subways and buses, of which 100 people were randomly interviewed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the elite comprehensive and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's coefficient of 0.80. Analyzes were also performed in SPSS software. The results showed that the three land use variables around the stations, access network and communications, as well as the spatial quality of the stations are at a level of less than 0.05 and the average is equal to 2.53 confirms that the status of stations in areas 11 and 12, inappropriate. The result of t-test of independent samples at the level of less than 0.05 confirms that region 12 is in a more suitable condition than region 11. The result also shows that the physical, economic, social and environmental effects of transportation and operation of stations in areas 11 and 12, at a level of less than 0.05 are significant and the effects are positive and moderate. The mean difference of 0.050 confirms that Region 11 has more physical, economic, social and environmental effects than Region 12. The regression model also showed that at the level of less than 0.05, the greatest impact on the development of transportation-oriented, was related to the variable of spatial quality of stations with a coefficient of 0.327. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
938 - Determination and Improvement of Crime Vulnerability Areas of Hematabad District in Isfahan Using Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Approach
Homayoon NooraieThe aim of this research is to apply Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach for security improvement of Hematabad district in Isfahan as the case study. To achieve this goal, we used documentary and surveying methods for data gathering and geogra MoreThe aim of this research is to apply Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach for security improvement of Hematabad district in Isfahan as the case study. To achieve this goal, we used documentary and surveying methods for data gathering and geographic information system (GIS), SPSS and expert choice software for data analysis and overlaying. Results indicate that Hematabad district have a lot of potential point for crime in term of CPTED approach and in terms of the principles of CPTED approach (Consists of "enhancing natural surveillance", "enhancing natural access control", "Territorial reinforcement", "Protection and maintenance of environment" and "community-based activity support"). Also, the results show overall, according to the measures of the CPTED, most of these potential points for the occurrence of crime are located in the piriphery the Hemmat Abad district in Isfahan, not in the center of the district. This is especially due to the lack of "natural surveillance capabilities", "community-based activities" and the "protection and maintenance of the environment" in these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
939 - Ranking of the spatial resilience of Karaj metropolitan areas using the Electre model
Esmael Nasiri Hendkhaleh.AbstractAn important part of resilience in urban systems is the concept of residual physical dimensions that systematically analyzes elements and physical structure. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the physical resilience of metropolitan areas of Karaj base More.AbstractAn important part of resilience in urban systems is the concept of residual physical dimensions that systematically analyzes elements and physical structure. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the physical resilience of metropolitan areas of Karaj based on the electric model. The research method was descriptive-analytical. A part of the research data from the comprehensive and detailed design in the form of thirteen terms of the physical-spatial components were selected based on expert opinions and hierarchical techniques. The rest of the information was collected, evaluated and evaluated through library study, documentary and survey using questionnaire and interviewing tool. Data needed for research after extraction using SPSS software were ranked and analyzed by non-parametric statistical methods and electron microscopy. The results show that the total area of one, eight, seven and nine due to the relatively regular segmentation system and the standard width of the standard, the general quality of the existing structures is the most resilient to the physical and 11 and 12 regions and parts of the neighborhoods of Islamabad and Karaj Square due to the uneven distribution of open space and enclosure of public passages are the most desirable places in physical resonance.Keywords: Electric model, Environmental hazards, Resilience, Physical, Karaj metropolis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
940 - Analyzing Components Affecting of Nomadic Villagers’ Settlement Satisfaction with Quality of Residential Environment (Case Study: Settlement Regions of Dasht Bakan)
Amin DehghaniEnhancing environmental quality and consequently life quality is one of the approaches created regarding reformation and completion of the issue of development. Therefore, paying attention to factors and criteria affecting the degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction MoreEnhancing environmental quality and consequently life quality is one of the approaches created regarding reformation and completion of the issue of development. Therefore, paying attention to factors and criteria affecting the degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of residents can be effective on understanding the status quo of the residence quality. The present study is aimed at investigating variables affecting residents’ satisfaction with the environmental quality of life from the perspectives of four settlement towns in Dasht Bakan in Fars Province. The study is applied and developmental in terms of objective, descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and quantitative in terms of the nature of data. The sample size was calculated as 384 participants using Cochrane formula. To analyze data obtained from the field study, two descriptive and inferential statistics (including t-test, multivariate regression, and Duncan’s test) were used. Findings of the research indicate that there is a significant correlation of variables of gender, marital status, age, education, and income with satisfaction with environmental quality of life. In addition, using the results of regression analysis, variables of age, education, income, and distance from the center of the township, and household dimension explains about 56% of variations of participants’ satisfaction with residential quality. In addition, the results of Duncan’s test indicated that Igdar and Safikhani Settlements were at the highest level and the lowest level respectively in Ardkapan Settlement in terms of villagers’ satisfaction with their own residential environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
941 - Investigation and evaluation of Environmental Power in Rural Areas (Case Study: Vakil Abad Village of Baft City, Kerman Province)
Mohammad Sadeqh Oliaei Somayeh AziziThe present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the environmental capabilities of villages in Vakil Abad village and by documentary and survey method with interviewer and questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is based on the census of 1 MoreThe present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the environmental capabilities of villages in Vakil Abad village and by documentary and survey method with interviewer and questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is based on the census of 1395 including 1717 households, Using the Cochran formula, 310 people were selected as the sample size and The method of choosing a household to complete the questionnaires was based on a simple random method. Descriptive-analytic research method and in terms of application purpose, using SPSS 22 software and statistical analysis and Arc Gis is used to draw maps. The results of the research showed, Vakil Abad villages suffers from imbalances and Its effects are observed in all social and economic fields. The spatial distribution of activities and facilities was not uniform and the concentration and dispersion of population and activity were different in different regions. The lack of water resources and limitation of soil resources, the dryness of the air, the annual rainfall, the light soil texture and the inability to preserve and save the moisture and the poverty of rangelands are among the fundamental constraints. Also, severe natural resource constraints have weakened the ability to maintain population and low population density, and limits the rate of agricultural, industrial and service activity and the limited benefit of development factors and indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
942 - Explaining Spatial Pattern of Urban Flourishing Indicators in Iran New Approach to Metropolitan Sustainability Study (A Case Study of Tehran Metropolis)
Mansour Rezaali Hossein Hataminejad Hasanali Farajisabokbar Sayed Ali alavi Safar ghaed RahmatiExtended AbstractIntroductionThe prosperity of cities was first presented in UN-Habitat report, 2013, as City Prosperity Index. The report is a response to the multi-dimensional crises occurred in the recent decades in the world. This report defined urban prosperity and MoreExtended AbstractIntroductionThe prosperity of cities was first presented in UN-Habitat report, 2013, as City Prosperity Index. The report is a response to the multi-dimensional crises occurred in the recent decades in the world. This report defined urban prosperity and examined some multi-dimensional indices for that. Instead of evaluation of the one-dimensional economic factors such as production and income, this report has a new approach to evaluation of infrastructures, equality, sustainability, and quality of life. Each dimension contributes to having a better understanding of the urban prosperity. The cities in Iran are also faced with rapid urban growth and unbalanced urban development. The prosperity index can help assess the development and find shortages to devise solutions. Given that any society is consisted of the unique cultures, believes, and characteristics of that society, development in any society appropriate to its own characteristics is different from any other societies. This research attempts to review the criteria and indices of the urban prosperity to explain the pattern in Tehran City and also develop the structure for this city. The purpose of this study also is to tailor the indices to urbanization condition in Iran, particularly metropolis of Tehran. MethodologyResult and Discussion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
943 - Analysis of the role of rural tourism in the development of rural settlements (Case Study: Tkab County, West Azarbayjan Province)
Mohammad Sadeqh OliaeiRural tourism has been proposed as a strategy for the development of rural areas due to its diverse functions and high ability to communicate with other economic sectors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of rural tourism in the development of rura MoreRural tourism has been proposed as a strategy for the development of rural areas due to its diverse functions and high ability to communicate with other economic sectors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of rural tourism in the development of rural areas of Takab city. Research Method In this research, a combination of documentary and survey methods and data collection has been done using direct interview technique and completing a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is the residents of 6 villages of Takab city according to the rules of random sampling. T one-sample and analyze regressin test and analysis of were used to the relationships between variables. The results show that based on the calculated correlation, The coefficient of determination model regression fitting was equal to (0.842) and at the level of %99 was singificant, which indicates the positive effect of rural tourism the dimensions of independent variables of research. Values ß in the economic (0.775), socio-cultural (0.176), physicaland (0.046), environmental (0.057) dimensions. Due to high employment and income generation capacities, rural tourism can play an important and fundamental role in the rural development of the region if the authorities plan carefully and in principle, and if not properly planned, it will cause damage, including environmental crises and There will be social problems in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
944 - Social capital and rural participation in spatial developments of rural settlements with the mediating role of perceived effects of plans and programs; (Case study: Esfandeh District)
naser Shafiei Sabet faezeh EbrahimipourThe present study analyzes the effects of social capital and rural participation in the spatial developments of rural settlements with the mediating role of perceived effects of plans and programs in Esfandeh. This research has investigated the effective and influential MoreThe present study analyzes the effects of social capital and rural participation in the spatial developments of rural settlements with the mediating role of perceived effects of plans and programs in Esfandeh. This research has investigated the effective and influential variables in this regard by quantitative and descriptive-analytical method and by questionnaire tools. The results of the research indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between 4 variables of social capital from 6 variables and rural participation with four mediating variables of environmental-ecological, social, economic and physical-infrastructural effects perceived from the plans and programs. Also, the relationship between the social capital of the villagers on participation in projects and programs is significant due to environmental effects and the amount of this indirect effect is 0.11. . However, the social capital of the villagers does not affect the participation in plans and programs due to economic effects and the value of this indirect effect is 0.77. The social capital of the villagers affects the participation in the projects and the value of this direct effect is 0.39. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
945 - Energy Consumption and Equivalent Carbon Emissions in the Life Cycle of Conventional Housing External Walls, an Approach to Sustainable Energy Development Case Study: Regions in Sanandaj
Ayoob Moradkhani. Niloufar Nikghadam Mansoureh TahbazEnergy sustainability is realized within the framework of sustainable development. Considering the major share of energy consumption of residential buildings in Iran, this study aimed to identify and compare the external walls of Sanandaj housing as the most effective e MoreEnergy sustainability is realized within the framework of sustainable development. Considering the major share of energy consumption of residential buildings in Iran, this study aimed to identify and compare the external walls of Sanandaj housing as the most effective energy consumption factor in the life cycle of the building, and was sought to assess the embodied Energy and environmental pollutants in the production period as well as the operational cycle. Considering the analytical-descriptive approach, after describing the related principles, Delphi method and analytical hierarchy of Fuzzy AHP were used to identify and zonate the frequency of common external walls in three areas of Sanandaj. Then, the energy consumption of the embodid period was assessed with the existing data and using modeling and simulation of a city block in Design Builder software the energy of the operational cycle was assesed considering the relevant variables. Interpretation of the findings was conducted using SPSS, ANOVA and Duncan's test for comparing the classifications and indicated a significant relationship between the embodied energy levels of production and operational cycle between the walls and its extent in the three regions of Sanandaj city. The very low contribution of primary energy of the embodied period compared to the operational cycle for three metropolitan areas was 2.01, 1.87 and 1.86, respectively, of life cycle of the building. The results of the research in regions of Sanandaj indicated the unfavorable condition of energy consumption in the widespread use of the walls during the life cycle stages of the building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
946 - Environmental Knowledge and use of Urban Services: an Analysis of Citizens' Consumption Behavior Using Structural Equation Modeling (Case Study: Rasht City)
Mohammd Eskandari Node Yaser gholipour Salman Feyzi Amin HassanzadehIntroduction: Encouraging citizens to use public services to reduce urban pollution is one of the important management priorities in cities. Based on this, the investigation of environmental knowledge as an influencing factor on the behavioral intentions of citizens as MoreIntroduction: Encouraging citizens to use public services to reduce urban pollution is one of the important management priorities in cities. Based on this, the investigation of environmental knowledge as an influencing factor on the behavioral intentions of citizens as consumers of urban services can determine their tendency towards using these services.Research Aim: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of environmental knowledge on the use of urban services in Rasht city.Methodology: In terms of practical purpose, in terms of the nature and method of descriptive-analytical, documentary, survey, which was carried out using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was the households of Rasht city, based on Cochran's formula, a sample size of 384 people was selected from among them and they were asked by two-stage cluster sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed based on face validity and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha (0.763). The relationship between the index and the corresponding items has been investigated in the measurement model (first-order factor analysis). Composite reliability, average variance extracted and convergent validity for the research indicators have been calculated and verified. Research hypotheses have been investigated with the help of structural equation modeling process.Studied Areas: The geographical area of the current research is the city of Rasht.Results: The amount of findings shows that there is a correlation between environmental knowledge and residents' approach to using urban services (Beta=0.51 and t=4.1) and the amount of use of these services (Beta=0.30 and t=3.95). t) there is a significant statistical relationship; Also, there is a significant relationship between residents' approach to urban services and the amount of service usage (Beta=0.68 and t=6.8).Conclusion: Environmental awareness and knowledge of citizens is effective in the use of urban services and the sustainability of these interactions; So that the behavior of a responsible and informed citizen shows a clear difference compared to others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
947 - Investigating the Environmental and Social Effects of Rural Tourism in the Villages of Rudsar County in Guilan Province in the last two Decades
zahra foroutan nasrollah molaei hashjein mohammad baset ghoreisheiIntroduction: Today, tourism is considered an effective mechanism in development, especially in rural communities, and planners have always proposed the development of tourism as the first solution for rural development. Therefore, it is necessary to study the different MoreIntroduction: Today, tourism is considered an effective mechanism in development, especially in rural communities, and planners have always proposed the development of tourism as the first solution for rural development. Therefore, it is necessary to study the different effects of tourism to improve this process.Research Aim: Determining the different effects of tourism in the villages of Rodsar is the main goal of this research.Methodology: The tourism boom will have positive and negative consequences, which will be effective to know and provide solutions to compensate for the negative effects and strengthen its positive points. In this research, with this aim, the social and cultural effects of tourism in the studied villages of Rudsar city during the last 20 years have been investigated using a descriptive and analytical method. For this purpose, during the field visit, 34 questionnaires were distributed among the villagers of the selected villages. The validity of the questionnaires in 30 items was estimated at 91.3% in Cronbach's alpha test.Studied Areas: The villages of Rudsar County, located in Guilan province, are the geographical territory of the research. Also, the results of the t-test showed that the boom in rural tourism has been effective in creating employment, the influence of urban architecture in creating new (architectural) perspectives in the studied villages, creating opportunities for cultural exchange and improving the quality of life of villagers.Results: The results confirmed that the positive and negative environmental and social effects have increased simultaneously with the increasing prosperity of tourism in the last two decades. However, in improving the quality of the environment in villages in terms of health and waste, land use change, loss of agricultural land, and the creation of recreational or residential centers have not shown a significant impact.Conclusion: In general, it was found that the positive effects of tourism development in the studied sample villages were more than its negative effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
948 - Structural models for measuring the dimensions of citizens' residential satisfaction with the quality of urban living environment (Case study: Nurabad city)
rasol heidary Kamran Dowlatyarian Mohsen ShaterianAppropriate quality environment creates a sense of well-being and satisfaction for its residents through physical or social and symbolic characteristics. In fact, satisfaction with residential quality means assessing the environment in relation to the needs and desires MoreAppropriate quality environment creates a sense of well-being and satisfaction for its residents through physical or social and symbolic characteristics. In fact, satisfaction with residential quality means assessing the environment in relation to the needs and desires of citizens of the residential unit, neighborhood and residential area Is. The sample size was estimated using Cochran's formula 382 and the reliability of the research tool was calculated using Cronbach's alpha with a value of 0.920, which indicates the desirability of the research tool. T-test was used for descriptive and inferential analysis of data and structural equation modeling in SPSS and AMOS software was used to explain and model the effects. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the status of all indicators of urban environmental quality in the study area is not in an acceptable situation and all indicators are below average with an average of 34.2. Structural equation modeling was also used to identify and evaluate the components of urban living environment quality. The results of the second-order factor model showed that giving importance to residential satisfaction indicators in the study area increased the health index by 0.85, service index by 0.83, residential index by 0.82, transportation index and Urban management is 0.79 and the reduction of environmental problems is 0.14. Finally, it was found that there is a direct and significant relationship between the quality of urban living environment and residential satisfaction of residents of neighborhoods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
949 - Explain the effect of experimental environmental qualities on the spatial configuration of gardencity Case study: Mehrshahr gardencity
azin ataei, Jamaleddin Soheili maryam armaghan Ali Akbar Heidari,Introduction: Urban development and urbanization needs have made it necessary to pay attention to the welfare demands of individuals. The importance of responding to the improvement of the quality of the environment in order to ensure the satisfaction of citizens, while MoreIntroduction: Urban development and urbanization needs have made it necessary to pay attention to the welfare demands of individuals. The importance of responding to the improvement of the quality of the environment in order to ensure the satisfaction of citizens, while physical efficiency, shows the need to consider the experimental qualities of the environment in the process of spatial arrangement; Because exclusively materialistic estimates and one-sided functionalist approach in design, by undermining the qualitative desirability and creating an inefficient environment in meeting the needs, the lived experience of human beings has been limited.Research Aim: This research was done with the aim of explaining the effect of spatial configuration on people's qualitative perception of the environment. Assuming the existence of a relationship between environmental quality and spatial organization and trying to answer how this relationship has been done.Methodology: The present research is done by analytical-interpretive method and its methodological approach is qualitative. Those environmental quality criteria based on library studies and theoretical foundations that had the most conceptual similarity with the social logic of space were verified in two stages by Delphi technique and by location-based questionnaire in passages separated by the degree of interconnection index, extracted from The layout analysis of the survey space has been performed. The sample size was 384 residents of Mehrshahr who were selected by cluster random sampling. In order to analyze the results, the method of logical reasoning has been used.Studied Areas: The study area, phase one of Mehrshahr neighborhood in Karaj, is due to the spatial configuration of the urban garden cities model, which has been preserved relatively without structural changes since the design.Results: Based on the findings, the field characteristics of high-correlation passages, from the residents' point of view, have resulted in the most desirability in relation to the quality assessment indicators of the environment related to the physical-functional component. Low-interconnected passages had the highest satisfaction of the perceptual-aesthetic component, and finally, medium-interconnected passages provided a richer socio-cultural interaction.Conclusion: The capacity of spaces with the aim of enhancing the quality experience of the environment is not provided only by the relations and structural features of the space and generally how to use the space depends on the experimental interventions of users that will have many effects on the design process to use public spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
950 - Investigating the environmental status of urban tourism using ecological footprint method (case study: Rasht city)
Tayebeh Ghaemi rad Hossein Hataminejad keramatollah ziari Ahmad PourahmadCities have always been regarded as a tourism destination for having natural, cultural, and human _made attractions. Tourism, like any other activity, does have many consequences on the ecological environment of cities. The city of Rasht attracts many tourists every yea MoreCities have always been regarded as a tourism destination for having natural, cultural, and human _made attractions. Tourism, like any other activity, does have many consequences on the ecological environment of cities. The city of Rasht attracts many tourists every year due to its central location and for having natural, cultural, and man-made attractions. The aim of current study is to investigate the environmental status of tourism on the ecological environment of Rasht. This research also intends to respond this question if this space capable of meeting the current needs of urban tourism? The research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and using ecological foot print model. The statistical population of the study consisted of the number of tourists in Rahst city. Therefore, 384 questionnaires were distributed among the tourists according to the Cochran model through two regular and random sampling methods. Eventually, the ecological footprint of tourism was calculated to be 908224 hectares. Considering the area of 13600 hectares of Rasht, the incoming pressure on the city’s environment can be observed clearly. Thus, planning to the persevere ecosystem of the city along with the attention to the tourism is a vital issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
951 - Explaining the effects of natural environment on the diversity of economic activities in the villages around Bandar Anzali Wetland
behzad majidi Mohammad baset Qoreishi Teimour Amar Nasrollah Molaei hashtjin Parviz RezaeiToday, development as a process is the most important issue of countries, especially developing countries, the study and recognition of rural areas and analysis of their capabilities and bottlenecks in the rural development planning process is very important. Wetlands h MoreToday, development as a process is the most important issue of countries, especially developing countries, the study and recognition of rural areas and analysis of their capabilities and bottlenecks in the rural development planning process is very important. Wetlands have undeniable ecological, economic, recreational and aesthetic values for human, animal and plant communities. While emphasizing that economic change in rural areas is also a function of general conditions at the macro level such as national and regional economy, but the rate of acceptance of these changes in different places and with varying speeds. The present study was conducted assuming that the wetland has a significant share in the economy of its surrounding villages and a sample population including 6 villages from Sumeh Sara city and 9 villages from Bandar Anzali city that are located on the edge of the wetland have been selected. In this study, first, the situation of the studied villages is obtained based on existing documents and field studies, and then the developments related to environmental conditions and quality of life according to the documentary and field findings are analyzed by statistical tests in SPSS software. The results of studies on the impact of the existence of Anzali Wetland as a natural phenomenon in the economic diversity of the village indicate that wetland-related jobs in all villages along the wetland, in addition to agriculture, which supplies water from the wetland, including fishing, Hunting, tourism and handicrafts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
952 - Assessing and ranking the environmental quality of tourist attractions, Case study: Ardabil city
Alireza Mohammadi Mohammadjavad Abbasi Azar NouriRecognizing and evaluating the environmental quality of tourist attractions and preferences is very important for urban development and promoting the presence of tourists. In the present study, while examining the spatial distribution of tourism elements in Ardabil, it MoreRecognizing and evaluating the environmental quality of tourist attractions and preferences is very important for urban development and promoting the presence of tourists. In the present study, while examining the spatial distribution of tourism elements in Ardabil, it has evaluated and ranked the five regions of Ardabil in terms of environmental quality indicators of tourist attractions from the perspective of tourists. Research in terms of purpose; Applied, in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and in terms of paradigm is among the quantitative research. The method of collecting field and library information is (interview and questionnaire). The statistical population of the present study; Tourists in the five regions of Ardabil. The sample size of Cochran's formula to complete the questionnaires was calculated 384 people and distributed by random sampling method. In order to analyze the data; In the first step, GIS software was used to study the spatial distribution of tourism elements in Ardabil. In the second step, the results of the tourists questionnaire (with reliability of 0.738 in Cronbach's alpha coefficient and validity of 0.721; parallel form method) were performed with SPSS software and the difference between the significant rank of environmental quality criteria in Ardabil through Friedman test was performed. Were analyzed. Also, the assessment and ranking of the five regions of Ardabil in terms of environmental quality indicators of tourist attractions has been done using the Vikor technique in EXCEL software. The results of the study of the difference in the ranking of environmental quality factors of tourist attractions in Ardabil showed that in general, the urban public services index with an average of 4.00 has the first rank and the urban environment index with the average of 3.87 has the second rank in terms of visitors. also; In the discussion of ranking the five regions of the city in terms of environmental quality indicators of tourist attractions; There is inequality; So that the elements and attractions of Zone 2, which are more of a natural-recreational type; With a numerical value of zero, they are in the first and highest rank, and the attractions of region four with a numerical value of 0.752 are in the lowest rank and last priority in terms of tourists. These findings are a good guide for pathology, policy and planning. Appropriate planning of urban development will be the study area with a focus on tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
953 - Evaluation of Effective Factors in Environmental Security of Traditional Neighborhoods from the Perspective of users with the CPTED Approach (Case Study: Faizabad Neighborhood of Kermanshah City)
Hassan sajadzadeh mohammad motaghed Rezvan yarhaghi Somayeh MozafariIntroduction: Preventing crime and establishing security through environmental design in human settlements has always been of great importance throughout history.Research Aim: The basis of this research is based on the inference and extraction of environmental design in MoreIntroduction: Preventing crime and establishing security through environmental design in human settlements has always been of great importance throughout history.Research Aim: The basis of this research is based on the inference and extraction of environmental design indicators and factors that have played an effective role in establishing security in the past neighborhoods, which deals with the application of these factors and experiences in establishing environmental security in new settlements.Methodology: The present research has been used descriptive-analytical method to infer and evaluate environmental security indicators in neighborhoods and traditional settlements. Then, by using the questionnaire tool (360 numbers) and analyzing it through SPSS software, through t-test and factor analysis, the data has been deduced and analyzed. Also, in order to analyze the role of spatial links in establishing security, Depth Map software has been used, as well as comparative tests and correlation matrix coefficients to check the relationship between the components of the variables.Studied Areas: The sample under study is one of the most important traditional and luxury neighborhoods of Kermanshah, named Faiz Abad neighborhood. This neighborhood is one of the old neighborhoods that was formed around the historical center of the city and dates back to more than a hundred years ago.Results: The findings of the research show that the most important environmental design factors affecting the improvement of security in human settlements in traditional localities are: functional, physical quality and the amount of spatial links in these types of tissues, which pay attention to the physical and functional diversity in Urban neighborhoods play a greater role in the security of urban neighborhoods.Conclusion: The results of the research show that among the indicators of physical-functional factors, the mixed use of spaces with mixed uses and entrances to the fabric of neighborhoods, and among the indicators of spatial connection factors, tissue ossification and density in the tissue have the highest priority over others. The indicators in environmental security are from the perspective of residents in this neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
954 - Effective factors on improvement of the environmental quality in Informal Settlement areas with a resident satisfaction approach (Case Study: Bisim neighborhood of Zanjan)
Pari Alavi Hooman SoboutiIntroduction: In recent decades, along with the uncontrolled development of urbanization and the decline in the quality of residential environments, finding a solution to find an effective solution to improve environmental quality has become one of the most important co MoreIntroduction: In recent decades, along with the uncontrolled development of urbanization and the decline in the quality of residential environments, finding a solution to find an effective solution to improve environmental quality has become one of the most important concerns of managers and urban planners.Research Aim: To improve the environmental quality in neighborhoods with unconventional housing and identify the factors affecting the satisfaction of residents.Methodology: The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied nature and method. The statistical sample size was determined to be 376 people using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method. The data obtained from the questionnaires were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and linear multivariate regression. After extracting the criteria, a one-sample t-test was used to measure the environmental quality of the neighborhood and the level of citizens' satisfaction.Studied Areas: Dense Bisim neighborhood in the northeast of Zanjan with an area of approximately 82 hectares of rural areas without a core is the target neighborhood of the study.Results: Regression test on "physical", "social", "functional", "perceptual" and "managerial" factors shows that there is a linear relationship between the main components (independent variables) and neighborhood quality (dependent variable). Is established. Also, due to the high factor load of the "physical" component, the variables of this factor are more correlated with the environmental quality of the Bisim neighborhood and the existence of a significant relationship between environmental quality factors and residents' satisfaction is confirmed. Finally, after the component of space and permeability organization, which is in the first rank of residents' preferences for improving the quality of the neighborhood; the variables of "managerial" factor such as: "control and supervision", "management and maintenance", "providing visual and environmental comfort" are in the next priorities. Among the "perceptual", "social" and "functional" factors, the components of "safety and security", "social interactions", "compatibility and homogeneity" and "accessibility" have been emphasized by the residents in relation to other components.Conclusion: The results of the study of effective factors in environmental quality index show that improving the quality of Bisim neighborhood requires simultaneous attention to all factors involved in environmental quality and quality of life depends on equitable distribution of services and urban facilities and increase their life satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
955 - Evaluation of changes in the ecological structure of Behshahr city in order to provide solutions to improve landscape cohesion and promote environmental resilience.
Ebrahim Zahedi kelaki Sadroddin Motevalli Hassan Mahmoudzadeh gholam reza janbaz ghobadiToday, urban society is facing many problems, including environmental issues. Behshahr city has also been created due to population change and increase in construction with many environmental issues such as: change and destruction of natural lands, reduction of green ar MoreToday, urban society is facing many problems, including environmental issues. Behshahr city has also been created due to population change and increase in construction with many environmental issues such as: change and destruction of natural lands, reduction of green areas, fragmentation of land uses, etc. Based on the purpose of this study, the ecological change of Behshahr city in order to provide solutions for ecological configuration of the landscape (landscape) and the promotion of environmental radiation, using the principles of the landscape with the Forman mosaic model (spots, corridors and matrices) and Pathology is one of the structural elements of the landscape. For this purpose, first the elements of the ecological structure of the city were detected using satellite images of 1986 and 2020, then the changes of these elements were analyzed by 5 metric landscape (MNN, LSI, MPS, LPI, NP) in Fragstats program and in The pathology of these elements was continued by analyzing natural and artificial spots and corridors of the city. Finally, by zoning the degree of ecological continuity (vegetation) in Arc GIS software, solutions were provided to improve the ecological continuity of each zone. The results show that the elements of ecological structure, especially agricultural spots, gardens and green space of Behshahr city are not in good condition in terms of composition and spatial distribution and during the study period in terms of ecological continuity, especially agricultural spots have been severely damaged. So that crop and garden green spots have decreased by 52% and 31%, respectively, during the last 34 years. Last year it was reduced by about 48 meters, gardens and green spaces by about 10 meters, and the distances between similar ecological spots increased. Finally, it leads to the presentation of: (1) operational and executive "protective" solutions in relation to natural and green corridors and stains (2) and "corrective" operational and executive solutions based on the creation of green ecological networks and the restoration of stains. Destroyed as well as a critical network map of the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
956 - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Second Homes Tourism (Case Study: Rudbar Qasran County, Shemiranat county , Tehran province
Fazileh Davarkhani Habib Mahmoodi Somayeh Sadat MousaviAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number o MoreAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number of effects on the areas they are deployed. One of the most important ways to assess the effects of human activities in the environment, environmental impact assessment or EIA is to identify the effects of operational programs and projects on environmental factors at various stages and to propose solutions to reduce these effects. To collect the data based on the ICOLD model format, instead of using the questionnaire, through an interview with 15 local officials and trustees the inhabitants of the 5 villages of Ahar, Egole; baghgole, emameh bala, and Emameh paeein and designing a checklist, the environmental impacts of tourism in the second home were measured and quantitated. The results of the research showed that the tourism of the second homes in the studied village has a negative effect on the economic, social, biological and physical aspects. Matching the results of this study with previous studies revealed that in the environmental dimension, all researches were consistent with the results of the present study. In the economic and social dimensions, the difference in the relative environment of the problem in different environments and geographical locations has been different in some cases, and in some cases the opposite.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
957 - Analysis of environmental Performance of Tehran Metropolis based on Indicators Green City Approach (Case Study: Central and Southern Regions)
Mehdi Jirrudi Rahim Sarvar Mehrdad NavabakhshToday's Cities affected by the industrial Revolution have had a profound Impact on the Development Process, so that today they are recognized as the main Causes of instability in the World, and any measures of global Sustainability depend on urban Sustainability. The Me MoreToday's Cities affected by the industrial Revolution have had a profound Impact on the Development Process, so that today they are recognized as the main Causes of instability in the World, and any measures of global Sustainability depend on urban Sustainability. The Metropolis of Tehran has witnessed many Changes in recent Decades, especially in the field of Environment. Therefore, in order to get out of the destructive Consequences of traditional and different Development Patterns and Approaches in Tehran Metropolis, the use of environmentally friendly Approaches such as the Green City Approach in the Development Process of this Metropolis and achieving sustainable urban Development is very important. The present research is theoretical-applied in terms of Type, descriptive-analytical in terms of Study method, survey-library in terms of Data collection Method and a questionnaire based on Likert Scale. The Purpose of this Study is to determine the environmental Status of the central and southern Regions of Tehran Metropolis based on the Indicators of the Green City Approach. Therefore, first, using Entropy Method, 32 quantitative Indicators in the form of 7 Criteria were weighed and then, using the TOPSIS Technique in Excell software, a comparison of central and southern Regions of Tehran Metropolis was performed to achieve the Research Goal. The Results show that most of the southern Regions of Tehran are in agreement with the Indicators of the Green City Approach, and accordingly, Regions 12 and 16 are in the best and Regions 10 and 17 are in the worst environmental Condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
958 - Determining the Environmental Factors Influencing Increase Social Security in the Residential Complexes in Rasht
Sobhan roshanfekr jourshari Nasrollah Molaei HashjinIntroduction: Providing security for human beings has long been one of the most essential needs of life, so that other abilities flourish in light of it. It can be considered as the basis of progress and development in societies. Given the expansion of population in cit MoreIntroduction: Providing security for human beings has long been one of the most essential needs of life, so that other abilities flourish in light of it. It can be considered as the basis of progress and development in societies. Given the expansion of population in cities, consequently, due to migration from rural areas to cities, the need to provide adequate and safe housing and security has become a priority. Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the effective environmental factors of security based on previous valid theories and cultural researches of the region. Methodology: The present study was conducted by using qualitative and quantitative methods. It was conducted in residential complexes of Rasht city. A total number of 384 people were studied in this study. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and they were analyzed in SPSS software. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis was done on them. Geographical scope of the research: The present study was carried out in selected residential complexes in Rasht (Azadegan and Pardisan), which is the most populous province in the north of Iran and is the center of Gilan province. Discussion: The results showed that five factors of monitoring, physical security, territoriality, fear of crime, and management and maintenance, respectively, had the highest impact on environmental security in the studied residential complexes in Rasht. Results: Based on the Friedman test and the rank of each variable, it can be stated that monitoring with 3.61, physical security with 3.23, territoriality with 2.84, fear of crime with 2.83, and management and maintenance with 2.50, respectively, obtained the highest score from the respondents. Finally, based on the obtained results, it can be stated that the extracted environmental factors are effective in promoting security in the studied residential complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
959 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Rural Housing Improvement Plan on the Environmental Quality of the Rural Areas in Ardakan County, Yazd: Using Structural Equation Modeling
tayebesadat tabatabaee Shoherh Taj Alireza EstelajiIntroduction: The improvement of the country's villages requires a comprehensive understanding of the economic, social and cultural conditions of the rural communities on the one hand and familiarity with the architecture of their homes on the other hand. The aim o MoreIntroduction: The improvement of the country's villages requires a comprehensive understanding of the economic, social and cultural conditions of the rural communities on the one hand and familiarity with the architecture of their homes on the other hand. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the effects of the programs and policies of the rural housing improvement plan in the rural structure. Research Aim: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of rural housing improvement policies and programs on the structure of villages in Ardakan, Yazd. Methodology: The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and the data was prepared by survey method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to validate the data. The statistical population of the research is the residents of rural areas of Ardakan County. In this research, a simple random sampling method was used. To determine the size of the statistical sample, Bartlett et al.'s table was used, and 209 people were selected as the statistical population. Descriptive statistical techniques, correlation, and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Studied Areas: The geographical territory of this research is the villages of Ardakan County of Yazd. Results: The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the plans and policies of the housing improvement project and the dimensions of the rural structure. The strength of the investigated dimensions of the rural structure in policies and improvement programs is not the same and in one direction, there is a direct relationship between all the physical, economic, environmental and social components of the rural structure with improvement policies and programs. Conclusion: Among these dimensions, the physical dimension with a coefficient of 0.514 has more impact and explanatory power than other examined dimensions of housing in predicting improvement policies and programs. In the second place, the influence of the economic dimension has 0.160 more explanatory powers than other dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
960 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Environmental Qualities Affecting Informal Settlements Using Fuzzy Delphi Method and Entropy Shannon Technique (Case study of Mashhad Metropolitan City)
shirin shahideh Mohammad Hadi Kaboli Fariborz Dolat Abadi Vahid Shali AminiHuman population's desire for urban spaces which causes the formation of informal accommodation phenomenon, provides a context for the concept defined as quality of urban life. In this regard, recognize and prioritize the qualitative components in the form of physical&n MoreHuman population's desire for urban spaces which causes the formation of informal accommodation phenomenon, provides a context for the concept defined as quality of urban life. In this regard, recognize and prioritize the qualitative components in the form of physical–spatial characteristics, would be the main focus of this survey. In this study, the research method from is practical and to achieve the goal, both qualitative research method and survey strategy are applied. Collecting data, initially, is done through studying documents, direct site observation and also field impression of space users of informal settings in Mashhad along with survey analytical method via Fuzzy Delphi Technique and questionnaire survey. Finally, the achieved environmental qualities from Delphi Method are ranked based on Entropy Shannon Technique. The results of this study indicate the common problems and needs among the residents and their dissatisfaction with their living space. Based on the survey, in these 4 settlements, through conducting two stages of Delphi questionnaire, environmental criteria affecting the quality of life of settlers were achieved which were classified into 7 thematic categories via Shannon technique. The weight obtained for each category shows the importance of issues with a focus on security, people and activity which are subset of functional discussion in "sustainable place Model". Finally, the model of effective environmental quality indicators in informal settlements in which the weight of each category of indicators and the order of their significance is presented which explains the priority areas of qualitative intervention in these sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
961 - Public Transportation Systems in the Path of Sustainability: Evaluation of Obstacles and Challenges (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis)
Tahmineh Alizadeh Jalal Azimi Amoli Sadreddin Motevalli Rahim SarvarIntroduction: From an environmental point of view, the most common reason for the development of sustainable public transportation systems is to reduce the use of cars and traffic congestion, which, as a result, leads to the improvement of the quality of the environment MoreIntroduction: From an environmental point of view, the most common reason for the development of sustainable public transportation systems is to reduce the use of cars and traffic congestion, which, as a result, leads to the improvement of the quality of the environment.Research aim: Realization of environmental sustainability in public transportation systems requires identification of its challenges and obstacles, which are considered in this study.Methodology: The methodological approach of the research is of a qualitative type based on grounded theory and the required data was obtained from two main sources, which include interviews uploaded in the net space by the managers of the transport and traffic department of Tehran and conducting interviews with experts and professors of the institute. The results were analyzed using the grounded theory method and mean comparison test.Studied Areas: The study area of this research is the metropolis of Tehran.Results: The results obtained in total showed 59 challenges in the form of three areas of policy and planning, investment and financing, and social and behavioral areas, which were categorized in 10 major areas and in the form of a paradigm model. Also, casualties caused by road accidents and the intensification of pollutant emissions were identified as the most important consequences of these challenges.Conclusion: Tehran's urban management should first focus on removing the obstacles related to the policy area and then the investment area in order to start moving towards the development of environmentally friendly transportation. Also, the improvement of causal conditions and underlying conditions can lead Tehran's public transportation to environmental sustainability in the long term. But in the short and medium term, the improvement of mediating conditions and strategic conditions can be effective, and the result of all these processes is the improvement of the consequent conditions and the improvement of the quality of the public transportation system of Tehran metropolis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
962 - Structural analysis of urban environmental governance with a Future study approach (Case study: Tehran city)
Hossein Hataminejad Reza kanooni noosha hamghadamEnvironmental issues in the present era are facing various complexities that do not make the problems and problems arising from the urban environment simply possible with the technique of engineering interpretation and change in the body of Shahrivar, and in the meantim MoreEnvironmental issues in the present era are facing various complexities that do not make the problems and problems arising from the urban environment simply possible with the technique of engineering interpretation and change in the body of Shahrivar, and in the meantime, the governance approach is appropriate. Relying on the responsibility of the energy manager and the citizens and increasing the interaction between the public sector, provides specific and public solutions to the problems of the urban environment outside the traditional framework. In other words, the approach to urban good governance examined issues beyond a physical view of the environment and with a systematic approach. The present study was conducted with the aim of structural analysis of urban environmental governance with a futures research approach and identifying its drivers in Tehran. In terms of nature, this research is based on the method of futurology, analytical and exploratory science and based on applied purpose. The available findings based on the condition of the scattering plate indicate the unstable system and there are other factors about the diagonal axis of the scattering plate. Also, among the 35 factors considered, finally, due to being over-influenced and directly influencing 16 factors in the title of Mick Mac output, the future of urban urban governance in Tehran will be influential. The results show that among the 16 drivers, five factors improve the role of urban governance in increasing people's participation, NGOs, officials' attention to improving the urban environment, promoting environmental culture and citizen participation and more associations in the governing environment The environment has and in terms of desire has caused. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
963 - Analysis of the effect of environmentalist behaviors on individual-social well-being through the mediation of place attachment in Sorkhab neighborhood of Tabriz
Ali Zeynali Azim Bahram Mohammadian Mahdi Pourakbar Pooya Gholizadeh Lida AkhlaghiIntroduction: Environmental problems and challenges are one of the major concerns of today's society. Most of these challenges are caused by human behavior, which can be overcome by changing their attitude and behavior and making them aware of the consequences of these MoreIntroduction: Environmental problems and challenges are one of the major concerns of today's society. Most of these challenges are caused by human behavior, which can be overcome by changing their attitude and behavior and making them aware of the consequences of these problems. Some of the most important environmental behaviors have many personal, social, and environmental benefits, and improving them affects attachment to a place. Involvement in environmental behaviors makes residents to do something good for themselves, for their community, and for the place they live in, and this type of behavior increases their level of well-being and attachment to their place. give.Research aim: This research analyzes the effect of environmentalist behaviors on individual-social well-being through the mediation of place attachment in Sorkhab neighborhood of Tabriz.Methodology: The current research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is the residents of Sorkhab neighborhood, which was 373 people based on Cochran's formula. Structural equation method with Amos and Spss software was used for data analysis.Studied Areas: The geographical scope of this research is Surkhab neighborhood of Tabriz city.Results: Structural equation analysis indicated a direct positive effect of environmentalist behavior on individual-social well-being and also attachment to place. Attachment to the place was to some extent the relationship between environmentalist behaviors and individual-social well-being. This research is significant and important in that it provides new data on how pro-environmental behaviors increase individual and social well-being by potentially ensuring long-term benefits.Conclusion: As a result of this research, it was shown that stimulating, arousing and recommending this type of behavior is important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
964 - The Scrutiny of Tourism Effects on Second Houses inDeveloping of Rural Societies(Case study: Kamshegan&Changoore Villages-Avag County)
aliakbar anabestani ahmad RoomyaniThe tourism of second houses as one of the most important new aspects could have playing an effective role in rural regions. The purpose of this research was the scrutiny of tourism effects of second house in developing of rural regions in Kamshegan&Changoore villag MoreThe tourism of second houses as one of the most important new aspects could have playing an effective role in rural regions. The purpose of this research was the scrutiny of tourism effects of second house in developing of rural regions in Kamshegan&Changoore villages (Avaj County) & was trying to answer to this question: Could tourism of second houses led to rural developing in studied area in dimensions of (financial, social, environmental, & physical)? The type of this research was applied, the used method was descriptive- analyzed & also, library & field method was used to gather of data. The statistical society was calculated as 1177 families that 107 questionnaires were made by the modified formula of cocowan& distributed among families randomly to observe chance law for everyone. & also the analytic & inferential statistical methods (test of one sample t, Friedman, analyze of way &Cruscalvalis) were used to analyze of data. The results showed that there were positive & significant relations between the used indexes. So that financial & physical dimension had the most effect & social & environmental had the least effects. On the other hand, Kamshegan village had the most financial, social, physical & environmental effects because of investment of second house owners & access to services, transportation, sub structures & diverse attractions. according to the research result, that showed the tourism effects of second houses in developing of village & financial-physical & environmental expansion in studied area that could be a solution for decreasing of migration, poverty & rural development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
965 - An assessment of environmental sustainability in urban areas using multi-criteria decision making method - Linear assignment (Case Study: City of Bandar Turkman)
seyed reza Hosseinzadeh reza Khosrobeygi mostafa Istgalday reza ShmsoddiniIntroduction * Responsible Author: &n MoreIntroduction * Responsible Author: srhosseinzadeh@um.ac.ir Demand for urban sustainability and a resilient city is one of the important challenges of humanity in the twenty first century. In other words, today the main world opportunities and challenges are embedded in cities and the rapid growth of urbanization accompanied by industrial activities led to inefficiency of urban infrastructures and an intensive increase of environmental destruction. In the current situation, assessing environmental sustainability is one of the most important tools in the process of planning for sustainable development. This assessment is a type of ecological assessment which would be carried out in different levels in sequential way to present a framework for analyzing and assessing the impacts of plans, strategies and polices on environment in a comprehensive method by offering some recommendations to mitigate environmental pressures. So, providing an appropriate milieu for assessment and measuring environmental sustainability is inevitable in the process of urban development and planning. In this paper by a short review on environmental sustainable literature and measuring methods we tried to present a background and appropriate method for selecting the indicators and assessing the level of sustainability in the different parts of Bandar Turkman city. The main research question is: what is the level of environmental sustainability in the different parts of Bandar Turkman? The findings were assessed using multi-criteria methods and in the structure of linear assignment model. Research Methodology Discovering the main components and indicators of environmental sustainability in a comprehensive and organized way for evaluation and assessing sustainability in urban areas is multi-criteria techniques in the structure of integrated satiability assessment. Such technique helps the users to understand the results of integrated assessment like evaluating policy aims and applying these results in a system and proposed decision making for sustainable development. There are various tools in the field of multi-criteria decision making models which could help planners and policy makers to solve decision difficulties with respect to different and contradict opinions. These models are TOPSIS, SAW, LINMAP, AHP, ANP, ELECTRE, Linear Assignment, PROMETHEE I & II, Compromise Programming and other methods. In the present paper linear assignment was applied which is a concordance subset. Coordinate subset is the third subset of compensatory models in MADM which their output would be a set of ranks so that provide necessary coordination in a most proper way. This subset includes ELECTRE and linear assignment methods. The data and information of the research were collected by reviewing different documental proofs in the related offices. Also a field survey was conducted to gather main research data and information by completing questionnaires in five different zones of the city in classified random sampling. The number of samples (380) was obtained using Cochran method and the head of households were interviewed. The statistical society of different areas was chosen by cluster sampling and based on each zones population. Results The obtained results of using Shannon Entropy for finding out the indicator's weights are shown. In this study zones are showed with Aj and i= 1,2,3,4,5 indicators with xj and j= 1,2,…,26 in tables 1 and 2. Results of Shannon entropy method used to determine the weights of indicators. Also ranking of the zones was done regarding 26 indicators. The stages of linear assignment algorithm and the ranking results of five zones were analyzed based on rank and case limitations. The following table shows the results obtained from the model for five zones. In overall, zone 5 placed in first priority and zones of 1, 4, 3 and 2 have the next priority respectively by their environmental sustainability. Conclusion Environmental sustainability assessment can be as important tool in the process of urban sustainable development to direct development trend towards sustainability and consequently desalinate an optimum perspective of urban environment. Accordingly since many models and techniques were applied in different levels to measure and assess sustainability, however have not been able to reach an appropriate framework for measurement and assessment in urban areas. So, in this context and with regard to the literature review, different indicators were selected which finally the integrated approach and multi-criteria assessment based on linear assignment technique were applied for the present research. Also, the view of different experts was considered to determine the value and importance of criteria, the given weights were incorporated in decision matrix and the final weights of indicators were calculated using Shannon entropy. The result from model application revealed that zone 5(Isteghlal) gained the first priority and zone 1 (Farmandari), 4 (back of eastern rail way), 3 (back of western rail way), and 2 (city center) were placed in the next priorities respectively regarding their environmental sustainability. Also the results from field survey in the different zones of the city of Bandar Turkman showed that the model of linear assignment has the capacity to determine the level of sustainability in different parts of the city and then prioritize these zones. So that direct observation showed that the results from model application correspond with existing conditions in the ground. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
966 - The Environmental Analysis of the Execution of Guid Plan in Rural Settlements of Sarpolezahab Town ship (Case study: Gharebelagh Azam and Sarabeleh villages)
وحید ریاحی ماریا مرادیRural projects are important and can be studied from different aspects and after that under the Rural Environmental emphasized in this study is emphasized. This study seeks to assess the extent and performance of environmental projects and proposals in the Rural and the MoreRural projects are important and can be studied from different aspects and after that under the Rural Environmental emphasized in this study is emphasized. This study seeks to assess the extent and performance of environmental projects and proposals in the Rural and then assess the participation and consent of the inhabitants of the environmental projects plan. This research is descriptive. The population of the villages Sarepolezahab county. Two villages were selected as the Gharebelagh Azam and Sarabeleh villages with a sample size of 108 households and data for this study were collected using two methods of field study and library. Our results indicated that environmental variables, satisfaction and participation in the plan has not been successful in the study villages. Environmental indicators out plan is less than 3and thus can be said that plan has not been successful in the study villages. Restrictions / guidelines: Failure to cooperate in providing information on housing, Lack of financial resources to fund the project, Statistical information is not sufficient, The unavailability plan on housing in the countryside in the county, and distance villages. Environmental and ecological characteristics of the area and plan according to its characteristics, Use of public participation in the preparation and implementation of projects, particularly in the environment. Because of Rural Studies paid less environmental impact, this study can produce results that will be useful for researchers and professionals related with rural studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
967 - Hazardous waste management as an approach for conservation of nature and urban Environment
mohamadali abdoli babak tavakoli mohamad hossein menhajIntroduction One of serious problems facing country’s environment especially in urban areas is the ongoing trend of hazardous waste mismanagement. The mismanagement of hazardous waste makes a lot of risks to the human health and the nature considering com MoreIntroduction One of serious problems facing country’s environment especially in urban areas is the ongoing trend of hazardous waste mismanagement. The mismanagement of hazardous waste makes a lot of risks to the human health and the nature considering combustion, reactive, corrosive and toxic characteristics. In order to reduce these side effects the country needs a more comprehensive hazardous waste disposal program (e.g. legislation and regulation). Research Methodology In this study, to overcome these challenges with regard to social - economic conditions and a better commitment by the manufacturers an appropriate legislation has been provided. The purpose of the revision and development of specific regulations for hazardous waste could be described based on the reduce of the severe damage caused by illegal disposal of pollutants into the urban environment as well as filling the existing gaps in state law to preserve nature and the environment. The study also criticized the existing law and administrative regulations of the Waste Management and following a comparison with some of the laws of developed countries, the topics for special legislation for the legal disposal was determined. Results Consisted of 23 articles and 19 notes, as well as a regulatory counterpart including 87 article and 64 notes have been compared. As a result, following a thorough and careful investigation, a piece of legislation In this revised regulations, a special attention is given based on the decrease of production and considering a recycling and reuse program. In addition to the applicable responsibilities, supervision for the implementation of the commitments is considered. This piece of legislation is annually audited by EPA with its divisions. In this regard, there is an especial emphasis by EPA on the private sector for the Waste Management. Site selection is carried out by EPA based on Land Use Planning and Environmental Impact Assessment. However, the Waste Management programs could be done by the private sector as a long contract. To transport and disposal of waste materials by the private sector, a maximum support by EPA has been considered. To reduce of environmental costs, a recycling and reuse program is emphasized. Meanwhile, the producer is responsible for disposal costs. In this proposed piece of legislation, in order to reduce the disposal costs and waste volume, some encouragements have been determined through ISO 14001. In addition, some solutions for business income and updated database are considered by the proposed piece of legislation. Overall, an organized educational program is proposed for public and private sectors. Conclusion This research revealed that to protect the urban environment, a specialized law should be codified. With regard to economic, social, cultural and political situation, a draft law for Waste Management has been developed. The illegal disposal of hazardous waste material is the most important problem in developing countries (e.g. Iran). To address this failure, the Special Waste Management Act and Regulations were presented. The advantages of this new legislation could be described in terms of the establishment of environment, and the view points of citizens on decision making processes the found could provide money for financing the costs associated with environmental recovery, primary evaluation of different legal disposal sites, and study the different environmental aspects for making decision about urgent reaction or improvement actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
968 - Assessment of Effects of Implementation of Guiding Plan on Physical Development in the Central District Villages of Rasht Township
مریم علینقی پور عیسی پوررمضانToday's Rural Plainsawn important tool in the management of rural development which mainly will be considered physical aspects of rural more than economic, social and cultural aspect so much applicable part of this project is the physical aspect. Physical structure of v MoreToday's Rural Plainsawn important tool in the management of rural development which mainly will be considered physical aspects of rural more than economic, social and cultural aspect so much applicable part of this project is the physical aspect. Physical structure of villages that have evolved over time and the various requirements of economic, social and cultural changed with the implementation of the Rural guiding plan and building new construction, sustainable homes, widening of streets, parks and green space, make required functions such as education, medical, military,... and cause relative prosperity and increased sense of security in the village. The purpose of this study is reviewed the effects of rural guiding plan on the physical development of villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical and to collect information used athletics and documents methods and based on that and according to the statistical society (n = 8415), the sample size was based on a formula Sharp - Cochrane have been 368 people which is randomly distributed in the villages studied. The findings show that maximum impact of guiding plan has been on the supervision of construction and reform and retrofitting rural housing (housing variables) and then facilitate the passage in rural places (roads variables) and the other variables, environmental health and land use not achieved much success and only seen good performance in garbage collection and proper distribution and localization services. In general it can be said guiding plan was effective on Villages physical development but the extent of this impact is different on aspects and different locations, and this is a sign of weakness in preparation or implementation of this plan. The course is recommended allocate sufficient funds ,satisfaction , thereby participation the villagers, development of rural culture ,preservation of land use especially agricultural land, housing principles ,observance terms and privacy policy of village existing roads, village environmental protection to increase the amount of influence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
969 - Comparative analogy based on environmental sustainability indicators in the structure of the proposed Spatial Master Plan Caspian coastal Cities; examples Sari city and Rasht city
ghadir siami sogand sirjaniSpatial structure of urban spatial processes result in the city. The concept of quality competitiveness , viability , desirability urban environment has a profound impact . Sustainable urban development is a dynamic process and that this process may cause unintended dam MoreSpatial structure of urban spatial processes result in the city. The concept of quality competitiveness , viability , desirability urban environment has a profound impact . Sustainable urban development is a dynamic process and that this process may cause unintended damage irreparable to the environment and man, a comparative study of the spatial structure of Rasht and Sari measures the spatial structure of the environment is stable. The purpose of research, applications -development from the perspective of the research, analytical-descriptive. Collecting information , documents and library studies based on detailed data plan Sari and Rasht Statistical Yearbook 1385 is the country. Research purposes Using SWOT, strengths, weaknesses , opportunities and threats of urban spatial structure has been analyzed . In terms of environmental sustainability indicators Sari comprehensive proposal for the state 's two largest cities , more than the stability of Rasht has led to sustainable . Finally, strategies for achieving a favorable situation presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
970 - جذب فلزات سنگین (کادمیوم، مس، نیکل، روی و سرب) توسط اجزای مختلف درخت نارون (Ulmus carpinifolia) در شهرستان آباده
مهدی زارع رضا فاطمی طلب ملیحه سادات افضلی زادههدف از این تحقیق بررسی غلظت­ های کادمیوم، مس، نیکل، روی و سرب در اجزای مختلف درخت نارون (Ulmus carpinifolia) در سه رویشگاه (آلوده، نیمه آلوده و شاهد) شهرستان آباده در تیر 1394 بود. مطالعه براساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. غلظت عنا Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی غلظت­ های کادمیوم، مس، نیکل، روی و سرب در اجزای مختلف درخت نارون (Ulmus carpinifolia) در سه رویشگاه (آلوده، نیمه آلوده و شاهد) شهرستان آباده در تیر 1394 بود. مطالعه براساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. غلظت عناصر سنگین توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی با استفاده از روش اسپکتروسکوپی اندازه­ گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که رویشگاه­ های آلوده و شاهد به ترتیب دارای بیشترین و کمترین مقدار کادمیوم، مس، نیکل و روی بود که نشان دهنده این است که ترافیک، منبع اصلی این فلزات سنگین است. رویشگاه شاهد دارای مقدار متوسط سرب (15/0 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) بود. مقدار جذب عناصر مورد مطالعه بدین ­صورت بود: سرب<کادمیوم<مس<روی=نیکل. غلظت عناصر سنگین بجز کادمیوم برگ، ریشه و ساقه از حد مجاز کمتر بود. درخت نارون (U. carpinifolia) را می­توان به­ عنوان یک زیست ردیاب آلودگی فلزات سنگین در شهرستان آباده به کار برد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
971 - تاثیر سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه زینتی-دارویی پریوش (Catharanthus roseus) تحت دورهای مختلف آبیاری
داود هاشم آبادی زهرا اسدی بیگ زاده محله فیروزه پورزرنگاربهمنظور بررسی اثر دورهای مختلف آبیاری (I) و محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید (M) بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی پریوش آزمایشی فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دورهای آبیاری (2 (I1)، 4 (I2)، 6 (I3) و 8 (I4) روز یکبار) و د Moreبهمنظور بررسی اثر دورهای مختلف آبیاری (I) و محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید (M) بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی پریوش آزمایشی فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دورهای آبیاری (2 (I1)، 4 (I2)، 6 (I3) و 8 (I4) روز یکبار) و دفعات مختلف محلولپاشی با 200 میلیگرم در لیتر SA (0 (M0)، 1 (M1) و 2 (M2) بار) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که در صفات مورفولوژیک، بیشترین تعداد گل ( 66/25)، کمترین ریزش برگ (8/3) و بیشترین وزن تر ریشه (181/1 گرم) متعلق به I2M2 است. I1M0 در صفات ارتفاع بوته (154 سانتی متر) ، تعداد برگ (36 عدد)، طول میانگره (243/9 میلیمتر)، وزن تر اندام هوایی (636/8 گرم) و ماده خشک اندام هوایی (20/26 درصد) دارای بیشترین مقدار بود. بیشترین قطر گل (176/1 میلیمتر)، تعداد گره در بوته (66/16)، وزن تر بوته (366/9 گرم) و ماده خشک ریشه (03/30 درصد) متعلق به I1M2 بود. در صفات فیزیولوژیک، I1M0 بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و آنتوسیانین گلبرگ را داشت. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار پرولین به ترتیب متعلق به I3M2 و I2M0 بود. کمترین مقدار MDA (42/1 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) به I4M1 و بیشترین فعالیت SOD (IU g-1 F.W. 88 ) به I3M0 اختصاص داشت. فعالیت POD در تیمار I2M0 کمترین و در تیمار I4M2 بیشترین مقدار بود. در کل با توجه به وقوع آثار مخرب تنش کمبود آب در دورهای آبیاری 6 و 8 روز یکبار، کاربرد SA در این شرایط جهت بهبود رشد پریوش توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
972 - اثر امواج صوتی بر پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه مریم گلی (Salvia splendens)
سلیم حیدری محسن کافی سپیده کلاته جاری مونا شفقتیان نفیسه ملاکریمیگیاهان به ­دلیل غیر متحرک بودن به ­طور اجتناب­ ناپذیری تحت تاثیر استرسهای محیطی هستند. امواج صوتی یکی از عوامل محیطی است که بر گیاهان اثر میگذارد. این مطالعه به­منظور درک رابطه بین گیاهان و امواج صوتی و پاسخهای آنها که تاکنون ناشناخته مانده است طراحی Moreگیاهان به ­دلیل غیر متحرک بودن به ­طور اجتناب­ ناپذیری تحت تاثیر استرسهای محیطی هستند. امواج صوتی یکی از عوامل محیطی است که بر گیاهان اثر میگذارد. این مطالعه به­منظور درک رابطه بین گیاهان و امواج صوتی و پاسخهای آنها که تاکنون ناشناخته مانده است طراحی گردید. برای این منظور گیاه مریم گلی (Salvia splendens)، یکی از گیاهان رایج در فضای سبز، تحت تاثیر امواج صوتی با فرکانس 1000 هرتز و شدت 90، 100 و 110 دسی بل به مدت یک ماه و هر روز یک ساعت قرار گرفت. گیاهچهها از بذرهای کشت شده در محیط کشت MS بدست آمد و هر 20 روز یک بار واکشت صورت گرفت. زمان آغاز تیمار 15 روز پس از کشت بذور بود. نتایج اندازهگیری صفات رشدی و آنتی­اکسیدانی نشان داد که امواج صوتی با افزایش شدت صوت در فرکانس 1000 هرتز موجب افزایش رشد گیاه شدند. بیشترین طول ریشه، طول ساقه، وزن خشک، وزن تر در تیمار 110 دسی بل بدست آمد. امواج صوتی منجر به افزایش محتوی پروتئین و آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیداتیو کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز شد. محتوی مالون­دی­آلدهید به­عنوان شاخص تخریب غشای سلولی با افزایش شدت صوت افزایش نشان داد. به­طور کلی، گیاه مریم گلی با افزایش رشد و بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی به تنش امواج صوتی پاسخ داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
973 - بررسی ویژگیهای مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه زینتی-دارویی پریوش (Catharanthus roseus L.) در واکنش به تنش شوری و بیوچار
سیده فاطمه محمدی کباری حسینعلی اسدی قارنه وحید توللی وحید روشنبیوچار نوعی کود آلی حاصل بقایای گیاهی و ضایعات کشاورزی است که جهت تقویت حاصلخیزی خاک و همچنین اصلاح خاکهای شور پیشنهاد میشود. در این راستا جهت بررسی تاثیر بیوچار بر تعدیل آثار تنش شوری بر رشد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک پریوش آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با Moreبیوچار نوعی کود آلی حاصل بقایای گیاهی و ضایعات کشاورزی است که جهت تقویت حاصلخیزی خاک و همچنین اصلاح خاکهای شور پیشنهاد میشود. در این راستا جهت بررسی تاثیر بیوچار بر تعدیل آثار تنش شوری بر رشد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک پریوش آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو تیمار شامل تنش شوری (0، 1000، 2000 و 3000 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم خاک کلرید سدیم) و بیوچار (0، 2 و 4 درصد) در سه تکرار، 36 پلات و 6 بوته در هر پلات انجام شد. این آزمایش در بهار 1401 بصورت گلدانی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که شوری تاثیر منفی و کاهشی بر تمامی صفات مورفولوژیک ارزیابی شده و محتوای نسبی آب برگ داشت درحالیکه بیوچار بخصوص 2 درصد موجب حفظ و بهبود صفات فوق شد. با افزایش سطح شوری مقدار پرولین و مواد جامد محلول نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت و بیشترین مقدار پرولین (346.48 میلی مول درکیلوگرم وزن تر) و مواد جامد محلول (1.42 درجه بریکس)برای NaCl3000mg/kg × Biochar0% ثبت شد. کاهش تجمع مالوندیآلدهید (MDA) با مصرف 2 درصد بیوچار در هر 4 سطح کلرید سدیم ثبت شد اما در بالاترین سطح کلرید سدیم (NaCl3000mg/kg) بیوچار 4 درصد قادر به کاهش آثار شوری نبود و بیشترین مقدار MDA را بخود اختصاص داد. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز (1.56 واحد آنزیم در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) و آسکوربات پراکسیداز (9.40 واحد آنزیم در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) برای NaCl1000mg/kg×Biochar2% ثبت شد. با افزایش سطح کلرید سدیم (2000 و 3000 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم خاک) فعالیت آنزیمهای پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز نیز کاهش یافت که با افزایش تجمع MDA در این تیمارها همراه بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصل میتوان بیان کرد که در شوری 1000 یا 2000 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم با کاربرد 2 درصد بیوچار، میتوان گیاهانی از پریوش با صفات مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی قابل قبول تولید نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
974 - درخت سرو نقرهای (Cupressus arizonica Greene) به عنوان زیست ردیاب آلودگی فلزات سنگین در اتمسفر اصفهان
مهدی زارع مریم صنعتگر رضا فاطمی طلبدرخت سرو نقرهای با شاخ و برگ سبز مایل به آبی و پوست قهوهای مایل به قرمز در دنیا به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی کشت میشود. یکی از جدیدترین راههای شناخت نوع و میزان آلوده کنندههای محیطی، زیست ردیابی محیطی است. نمونهها از سه سایت (ترافیک سنگین، ترافیک متوسط و شاهد) در Moreدرخت سرو نقرهای با شاخ و برگ سبز مایل به آبی و پوست قهوهای مایل به قرمز در دنیا به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی کشت میشود. یکی از جدیدترین راههای شناخت نوع و میزان آلوده کنندههای محیطی، زیست ردیابی محیطی است. نمونهها از سه سایت (ترافیک سنگین، ترافیک متوسط و شاهد) در اصفهان در ماههای شهریور، آذر و اسفند به دست آمد. غلظتهای روی، نیکل و مس در برگ و ریشه توسط اسپکتروفتومتر جذب اتمی اندازهگیری شد. تنوع بین صفات مورد مطالعه بین سایتها و فصول، ناشی از فعالیتهای مختلف انسانی در محیط بود. غلظت فلزات سنگین در برگها نسبت به ریشهها در همه مکانها بیشتر بود که نشاندهنده سهم معنیدار ذخایر جوی بود. نتایج حاصل از ضرایب همبستگی بین صفات نشان داد که سایتها تحت تأثیر منابع مختلف آلودگی قرار گرفتند. وجود ضریب همبستگی مثبت بین عناصر روی و مس، نشان دهنده منابع تولیدکننده همانند است که همان سوخت خودروها و استفاده از ترمز در وسایل نقلیه است. میانگین مقادیر فلزات به صورت زیر بود: نیکل> مس> روی. میزان روی در برگ و ریشه در سایت شاهد متوسط بود که نشاندهنده این است که ترافیک وسایل نقلیه منبع ناچیزی برای آلودگی روی بود و ممکن است منبع دیگری مثل فعالیتهای صنعتی دخیل باشد. نتایج نشان داد که درخت سرو نقرهای زیست ردیاب مناسبی برای آلودگی جوی اصفهان میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
975 - Physiological and Morphological Responses of White Clover (Trifolium repens) and Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Plants to Salinity Stress
Navid Vahdati Ali Tehranifar Seyed Hossein Neamati Yahya SelahvarziTrifolium spp. are native plants in Iran exhibiting good ground cover po-tential. Salinity is a major environmental stress and today, 20% of the world cultivated areas and nearly half of all irrigated lands are affected by salinity. The main aim of this research was to MoreTrifolium spp. are native plants in Iran exhibiting good ground cover po-tential. Salinity is a major environmental stress and today, 20% of the world cultivated areas and nearly half of all irrigated lands are affected by salinity. The main aim of this research was to study morphological and physiological adaptations of these native species under different salinity levels for urban landscape usage. For this purpose a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replicates was conducted. Plants of Trifolium repens and two Trifolium pratense species (native and commercial) were submitted to salinity stress in a pot experiment with 4 different salinity levels (0, 75, 150, 225 mM NaCl) during the experiment period. Leaf area, LRWC (leaf relative water content), electrolyte leakage, root and shoot length and root and shoot fresh and dry weight were measured. Results showed significant dif-ferences within salinity treatments in all 3 species studied. Highest values measured for traits in cultivars were observed in T. pratense commercial followed by T. pratense native and T. repens except electrolyte leakage and root fresh weight. But alinity effect on these species increased along with severity, linearly. Leaf area was ost affected and decreased to 40.21 mm 2 (225 mM) from 184.14 mm 2 in control. Generally Trifolium species showed sensitivity to salinity stress, especially in higher levels. This study should help understand some physiological and morphological responses of Trifolium species to salinity stress for urban landscape projects, parks and xeriscapes in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
976 - Physiological and Morphological Responses of White Clover (Trifolium repens) and Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Plants to Salinity Stress
Navid Vahdati Ali Tehranifar Seyed Hossein Neamati Yahya SelahvarziTrifolium spp. are native plants in Iran exhibiting good ground cover po-tential. Salinity is a major environmental stress and today, 20% of the world cultivated areas and nearly half of all irrigated lands are affected by salinity. The main aim of this research was to MoreTrifolium spp. are native plants in Iran exhibiting good ground cover po-tential. Salinity is a major environmental stress and today, 20% of the world cultivated areas and nearly half of all irrigated lands are affected by salinity. The main aim of this research was to study morphological and physiological adaptations of these native species under different salinity levels for urban landscape usage. For this purpose a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replicates was conducted. Plants of Trifolium repens and two Trifolium pratense species (native and commercial) were submitted to salinity stress in a pot experiment with 4 different salinity levels (0, 75, 150, 225 mM NaCl) during the experiment period. Leaf area, LRWC (leaf relative water content), electrolyte leakage, root and shoot length and root and shoot fresh and dry weight were measured. Results showed significant dif-ferences within salinity treatments in all 3 species studied. Highest values measured for traits in cultivars were observed in T. pratense commercial followed by T. pratense native and T. repens except electrolyte leakage and root fresh weight. But salinity effect on these species increased along with severity, linearly. Leaf area was most affected and decreased to 40.21 mm 2(225 mM)from 184.14 mm 2 in control. Generally Trifolium species showed sensitivity to salinity stress, especially in higher levels. This study should help understand some physiological and morphological responses of Trifolium species to salinity stress for urban landscape projects, parks and xeriscapes in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
977 - Identifying Effective Solutions in the Field of Environmental Protection (case study Naghadeh Township)
Babak Valizadegan Solieman Rasouliazar Loghman Rashiedpour -
Open Access Article
978 - Citizens’ Educational Needs in an at-Risk Environment in Trinidad, West Indies
Cherisse Oliver Wayne G. Ganpat Wendy-Ann P. Isaac -
Open Access Article
979 - The growth of Matricaria chamomilla L. affected by cadmium and lead in greenhouse and field conditions
Mohammad bagheri Hamid Reza Javanmanrd Mohammad Reza Naderi The use of medicinal plants in contaminated soils with heavy metals is of significance for the bioremediation of the environment and for plant growth. The effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on the growth of roots and aerial parts, and the number of flowers in M More The use of medicinal plants in contaminated soils with heavy metals is of significance for the bioremediation of the environment and for plant growth. The effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on the growth of roots and aerial parts, and the number of flowers in Matricaria chamomilla L. were investigated in greenhouse and field conditions using 10-kg pots containing polluted soil with Cd (0, 10, and 40 mgkg-1) and Pb (0, 60 and 180 mgkg-1) in 2018-2019 in Isfahan (Khorasgan) Islamic Azad University. The effects of the experimental treatments including metal concentration was significant at 5% level, growth stage and location, plant tissue and their interactions significantly affected plant growth (dry weight) was significant at 1% level. Increasing Cd and Pb concentrations decreased number of flowers in the field and increased it in the greenhouse. Plant growth significantly decreased by increasing heavy metal concertation was significant at 5% level as at the first, second and third contamination levels, it was equal to 480.39, 416.00, and 399.33 g, respectively. The highest plant growth was resulted at flowering (500.78) and tillering (511.67 g), significantly at 5% level higher than that of stemming (283.28 g). Compared with Pb (407.44 g), increasing Cd concentration, resulted in significantly at 5% level higher reduction (333.11 g) of plant growth. It is possible to grow Matricaria chamomilla L. in heavy metal polluted soils for the bioremediation of the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
980 - Structural explanation of citizens'''' security feeling based on the role of defenseless urban spaces in areas 3 and 12 of Tehran
Laila Neamatnia Saeid Maadani Mahboobeh Babaei< p >The present study studies the characteristics of urban spaces and its role in the sense of security of citizens in the three and twelve Tehran cities. The method of this study was survey and questionnaire tool. The validity of the questionnaire was estimated More< p >The present study studies the characteristics of urban spaces and its role in the sense of security of citizens in the three and twelve Tehran cities. The method of this study was survey and questionnaire tool. The validity of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach''s alpha of 89%. A total of 377 citizens from these regions were sampled. The analysis of the findings was quantitatively and inferential and with the help of modeling the equation of structure with the Amos Graphics software. In modeling the dimensions of each of the indicators, they are measured according to factor load, and the results indicate that all dimensions of insecurity have been able to define the main variable well. In structural analysis of variables, urban defensiveness spaces with coefficient (0.72) have a direct and significant effect on insecurity and even this concept has various effects in different situations from many variables. Among the variables studied, the level of awareness of individuals, individual insight and type of space have inverse effects on urban defenseless spaces and on insecurity. On the level of awareness of people and its effect on urban defenseless spaces with coefficient (-0.77) and its concurrent effect with coefficient (-0.58), this indicates that the level of awareness of individuals increases, as a result, Urban defense and insecurity will be reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
981 - Designing a Model for Environmental Policies in Iran
Behruz Mamivand Zainolabedin Aminisabeq Ehsan Sadeh Mohammadreza KhalajThe purpose of this research is to design and validate a model for implementation of environmental policy in Iran, which has been carried out using mixed and combined methods. In the qualitative section with the help of methodology, the foundation or grounded theory of MoreThe purpose of this research is to design and validate a model for implementation of environmental policy in Iran, which has been carried out using mixed and combined methods. In the qualitative section with the help of methodology, the foundation or grounded theory of the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with 22 elites, managers and environmentalists in the country. The results of data analysis based on the coding trials showed that out of 135 corresponding concepts, 26 subcategories were extracted that have a conceptual relationship with each other. In the axial coding step, all 11 subcategories were extracted from the axial categories, which were further abstracted These categories at the selective coding stage, a nuclear category, are described as "a successful implementation of environmental policy based on fictitious formulation based on the institutional and value-added alignment and coordination in which the development of environmental knowledge with the green management strategy and effective laws promote the development of a culture of life An environment becomes "that can be all over Cover other vlat. In the quantitative part that the extraction model is validated, the results of the constraining of the structural equation show that all of the extracted qualitative components have a direct and significant effect on the successful implementation of the country's environmental policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
982 - Investigating the factors causing social and organizational behaviors in environmental policies
Asgar Hataminiya Mohammad Torabi Mashallah HeidarpourAbstractUnderstanding the factors that create social and organizational behavior in environmental policy is very effective and necessary to maintain and improve the environment. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question to what extent do the factors that MoreAbstractUnderstanding the factors that create social and organizational behavior in environmental policy is very effective and necessary to maintain and improve the environment. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question to what extent do the factors that cause social behaviors facilitate organizational environmental policies? Before environmental policy-making, the factors of social and organizational behavior influencing policy-making, such as environmental information, environmental attitude, environmental concern, environmental literacy, and government institutions and organizations, such as environmental principles, should be considered in law. Recognize basic and other public governmental organizations to be able to make environmental policy based on data affecting social behaviors and organizational functions. The present article is descriptive-analytical and uses the library method to examine the question in the two sections of recognizing the factors of social behavior and the organizational status of policies. Findings show that correct knowledge of the factors causing social and organizational behavior can help reduce the gap between social and organizational behaviors in rational environmental policy and given the political and cultural structure of developing countries, including Iran, Be the beginning of a major change in public policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
983 - Evaluation of Factors Affecting Promote a Culture of Quality in the University System of the Country
علی فقیه حبیبی اسماعیل کاوسیThe study is to examine the factors affecting promote a culture of quality in the university system, the University of North Tehran, is done. The study population consisted of university students of this university. Given the population distribution to all students in r MoreThe study is to examine the factors affecting promote a culture of quality in the university system, the University of North Tehran, is done. The study population consisted of university students of this university. Given the population distribution to all students in research and the unavailability of information, according to the criteria of the sampling population (based on the sampling method set forth in Table Morgan) (265) was selected as subjects. For any individual, the target population, have an equal chance in the selection of a simple random sampling method is used. This study is applied and the way the survey and the data in this research field and library. To gather the information and data required in this questionnaire that includes 35 items and is adjusted by the investigator 74/0 reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient is estimated that indicates the validity of the instrument. Analysis of the data for this study was conducted at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The data described in the section variables and variables by using indices of frequency, relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance are presented in tables and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used and t a community for hypothesis testing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
984 - کشاورزی ارگانیک: غذا برای مصرفکنندگان سبز آتی در ایران
یلدا رحمتی غفرانی محمد طالقانی ابراهیم چیرانیدر طول اعصار، کشاورزی دچار تغییرات گوناگونی شده است و همواره انسان مهم­ترین عامل تغییر در آن بوده است. در قرن اخیر به علت رشد روزافزون جمعیت، نگرش اولیه انسان به طبیعت که نگرشی دوستانه بود جای خود را به ارتباطییک طرفه و علیه طبیعت داد؛به­طوری­که کودهای شیمیا Moreدر طول اعصار، کشاورزی دچار تغییرات گوناگونی شده است و همواره انسان مهم­ترین عامل تغییر در آن بوده است. در قرن اخیر به علت رشد روزافزون جمعیت، نگرش اولیه انسان به طبیعت که نگرشی دوستانه بود جای خود را به ارتباطییک طرفه و علیه طبیعت داد؛به­طوری­که کودهای شیمیایی، سموم دفع آفات نباتی،فراورده­های هورمونی و غیره به بخش کشاورزی وارد شدند و به کمک بهره­گیری از ارقام اصلاح شده، جهش­های بزرگی در افزایش تولید محصولات کشاورزی بوجود آمد تا به تقاضای روبه رشد موادغذایی پاسخ داده شود.اما این افزایش تولید، مشکلات زیست­محیطی و بهداشتی برای تولیدکنندگان و مصرف­کنندگان را نیز در پی داشت. افزایش آگاهیمصرف­کننده درباره موضوعات زیست­محیطی منجر به افزایش توجه به مصرف غذای ارگانیک گشته است. این امر موجب افزایش تحقیقات ارگانیک شده است. اغلب این تحقیقات در کشورهای توسعه یافته انجام شده و سهم کشورهای درحال توسعه از آن آندک است. این مقاله اثرات دانش ارگانیک، ادراک از پیامدها، هنجارهای ذهنی، قیمت، اعتماد سبز، اثربخشی ادراک شده مصرف کننده، دسترسی، مزیت نسبی، تمایل به خرید ارگانیک را بر رفتار خرید ارگانیکمصرف­کنندگان ایرانی به­عنوان مصرف­کنندگان یک کشور درحال توسعه بررسیمی­کند. نتایجپژوهش، اثر قیمت، اثربخشیمصرف­کننده و ادراک از پیامدها را بر تمایل به خرید محصولات غذایی ارگانیک تایید می­کند. درحالی­که دانش ارگانیک، اعتماد سبز، قیمت، اثربخشیمصرف­کننده و تمایل موثر بر رفتار خرید ارگانیک شناخته شده­اند. این مقاله کاربردهای نتایج تحقیق برای شاغلان حوزه کشاورزی و بازاریابان مطرح می­کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
985 - مولفه های موثر برتولیدبهینه گندم از منظر کشاورزان شمال خوزستان
محمد صادق صبوری ثریا رفیعی داود ثمریاین تحقیق با هدف بررسی نقش نگرش فلسفی، اقتصادی، محیطی، آموزشی و برخی ویژگی های شخصی کشاورزان در تولید گندم در شمال استان خوزستان انجام شد. نوع تحقیق کاربردی بود مه به شیوه علی ارتباطی انجام شد. داده ها با استفاده از روش تحقیق پیمایشی و با استفاده از پرسشنامه به عنوان اب Moreاین تحقیق با هدف بررسی نقش نگرش فلسفی، اقتصادی، محیطی، آموزشی و برخی ویژگی های شخصی کشاورزان در تولید گندم در شمال استان خوزستان انجام شد. نوع تحقیق کاربردی بود مه به شیوه علی ارتباطی انجام شد. داده ها با استفاده از روش تحقیق پیمایشی و با استفاده از پرسشنامه به عنوان ابزار اصلی پژوهش جمع آوری شد. نمونه ها شامل تمام تولید کنندگان گندم در شمال خوزستان از جمله دزفول، اندیمشک و شهرستان شوش (بر اساس تعداد کشاورزان گندم) بود. 310 کشاورز با استفاده از فرمول کوکران از طریق انتخاب تصادفی از 23485 تن گندم خوزستان شمالی انتخاب شدند. در نهایت 302 پرسشنامه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. داده های پژوهش با استفاده از رگرسیون گام به گام مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. پرسشنامه از طریق مرور ادبیات برای جمع آوری داده ها تهیه شد. روایی ابزار پس از چندین بار بررسی و تصحیح توسط اعضای هیات علمی ترویج وآموزش کشاورزی در دانشگاه آزاد گرمسار تایید گردید. اعتبار پرسشنامه توسط گروهی از کارشناسان بررسی وپایائی آن پس از اعمال ضریب کرونباخ 0.81گزارش شد (در مجموع 30 پرسشنامه در مناطق مشابه در استان خوزستان تکمیل شد). تحلیل رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که مهم ترین عامل موثر بر تولید مطلوب گندم، عوامل اقتصادی کشاورزان است. مهمترین متغیر که واریانس متغیر وابسته را توضیح داد، متغیرهای اقتصادی با 77.2٪ درصد بود. پس از آن، متغیرهای (محیط زیست، اجزای قانونی و فرآیندهای آموزشی- نگرشی) قرار دارند که 5/86٪ از واریانس تولید بهینه گندم را تشکیل دادند Manuscript profile -
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986 - ارزیابی چرخه حیات تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه های مختلف باغ و سامانه های کشت ارگانیک و رایج
سعید فیروزی امیرحسین بازیارهدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه­های مختلف باغ و تحت شرایط کشت ارگانیک و معمول، با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات در شمال ایران بود. داده­های تحقیق با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه رو در رو از 305 باغدار زیتون در منطقه مور Moreهدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه­های مختلف باغ و تحت شرایط کشت ارگانیک و معمول، با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات در شمال ایران بود. داده­های تحقیق با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه رو در رو از 305 باغدار زیتون در منطقه مورد مطالعه گرد­آوری شدند. شش گروه تاثیر شامل تخلیه منابع سوخت­های فسیلی، گرمایش جهانی، اسیدیفیکاسیون، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی، تخلیه منابع فسفات و پتاس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یک تن میوه زیتون به عنوان واحد عملکردی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که باغ­های زیتون بزرگ (بزرگتر از 5 هکتار) در تمامی گروه­های تاثیر، بیشترین اثرات زیست­محیطی را در پی داشتند. در مجموع، اسیدیفیکاسیون، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی و تخلیه منابع فسفات، به ترتیب با شاخص­های نهایی 58/1، 68/2 و 12/3 ، مهمترین گروه­های تاثیر بودند. نتایج تحقیق همچنین نشان داد باغ­های زیتون ارگانیک از نظر زیست­محیطی نسبت به باغ­های معمول، عملکرد زیست­محیطی بهتری داشتند. جایگزینی بخشی از کودهای شیمیایی مورد استفاده بخصوص در باغ­های بزرگ با انواع کودهای بیولوژیک نظیر کودهای دامی برای تغذیه درختان زیتون پیشنهاد شد. همچنین، لازم است یک راهبرد منطقه­ای جهت حرکت به سوی سامانه کشت تلفیقی مناسب طراحی گردد تا اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در باغ­های بزرگ منطقه مورد مطالعه کاهش یابد. Manuscript profile -
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987 - مروری انتقادی بر نظریه های رفتار زیست محیطی پایدار
امیرحسین پیرمرادی فرحناز رستمی عبدالحمید پاپ زنتصمیم گیری در مورد چگونگی تولید محصولات کشاورزی به دلیل پیچیدگی ماهیت تعامل بین فرآیندهای طبیعی و انسانی، به عنوان رکن اصلی سیستم های کشاورزی ، پیچیده تر می شود. پیش بینی رفتار سیستم های کشاورزی در مورد مسائل پایداری بسیار مهم است. از آنجا که کشاورزی یک فعالیت انسانی اس Moreتصمیم گیری در مورد چگونگی تولید محصولات کشاورزی به دلیل پیچیدگی ماهیت تعامل بین فرآیندهای طبیعی و انسانی، به عنوان رکن اصلی سیستم های کشاورزی ، پیچیده تر می شود. پیش بینی رفتار سیستم های کشاورزی در مورد مسائل پایداری بسیار مهم است. از آنجا که کشاورزی یک فعالیت انسانی است و به بازیگران اصلی آن وابسته است ، رفتار کشاورزان باید بررسی شود، تا مشخص شود که تا چه حد فعالیت های آنها با اصول کشاورزی پایدار سازگار است. این مطالعه بر اساس روش تحقیق اسنادی است که با استفاده از یک مرور سیستماتیک ادبیات انجام شده است. بنابراین ، هدف اصلی در این مقاله بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل نظریه های رفتار حامی محیط زیست از نظر نقاط قوت و ضعف آنها در طی یک بازه زمانی از 1975-2016 بوده است. نقاط قوت و ضعف هر نظریه پس از معرفی هر نظریه به ویژه با جزئیات در جدول (1) شرح داده شد. از سوی دیگر ، مقایسه بین نظریه ها بر اساس هفت شاخص در جدول (2) نشان داده شده است. حدود 14 نظریه برای دستیابی به نظریه های تصمیم گیری مبتنی بر عامل که شامل بازخورد سیستم است، بررسی شده است. نتایج نشان داد که نظریه های تلفیقی مبتنی بر عامل، مناسب تر و کامل تر از سایر نظریه های شناسایی شده برای مطالعه و پیش بینی رفتار کشاورزان تشخیص داده شده است. Manuscript profile -
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988 - حرکت به سوی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای دیم و آبی
شمساله عبداله پور ارمغان کوثری مقدم محمد بنایاناین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای کشاورزی دیم و آبی در سه منطقه مختلف در ایران، شامل ساری، مشهد و پارسآباد مغان انجام شد. چهار شاخص پایداری انرژی، امرژی، اگزرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در این پژوهش بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کار Moreاین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای کشاورزی دیم و آبی در سه منطقه مختلف در ایران، شامل ساری، مشهد و پارسآباد مغان انجام شد. چهار شاخص پایداری انرژی، امرژی، اگزرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در این پژوهش بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کارایی انرژی عملیات برداشت در سیستمهای آبی بیشتر از سیستمهای دیم بوده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل امرژی نشان داد که شاخص پایداری زیستمحیطی در سیستمهای دیم در مشهد، پارسآباد مغان و ساری به ترتیب 036/0، 035/0 و 034/0 بوده است. نتایج تحلیل اگزرژی نیز نشان داد که کارایی اگزرژی عملیات برداشت در سیستمهای دیم و آبی در ساری و پارسآباد مغان به ترتیب با 07/56 و 72/128 بیشتر از مناطق دیگر بوده است. مجموع انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در عملیات برداشت در ساری، پارسآباد مغان و مشهد در سیستمهای دیم کمتر از سیستمهای آبی تعیین شد (به ترتیب 88/54، 64/47 و 03/36 کیلوگرم کربندیاکسید در هکتار در مقایسه با 52/67، 56/66 و 22/56 کیلوگرم کربندیاکسید در هکتار). به صورت کلی، عملیات برداشت گندم در ساری و پارسآباد مغان به ترتیب در سیستمهای کشت دیم و آبی دارای پایداری زیستمحیطی بالاتری بودند. Manuscript profile -
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989 - رفتار حفاظت زیستمحیطی دانشجویان چگونه شکل میگیرد؟ تحلیل محتوای کمی
لاله صالحی فیض الله منوری فرددانشگاهها دارای نقشی انکارناپذیر در تبیین و هدایت الگوهای رفتاری در جامعه هستند. از اینرو، انتظارات از دانشگاهها برای نهادینهسازی رفتار حفاظت زیستمحیطی در پی افزایش فشارهای انسانی بر محیط­زیست بیشتر شده است. در راستای دستیابی به این مهم، شناسایی عاملهای اثرگذا Moreدانشگاهها دارای نقشی انکارناپذیر در تبیین و هدایت الگوهای رفتاری در جامعه هستند. از اینرو، انتظارات از دانشگاهها برای نهادینهسازی رفتار حفاظت زیستمحیطی در پی افزایش فشارهای انسانی بر محیط­زیست بیشتر شده است. در راستای دستیابی به این مهم، شناسایی عاملهای اثرگذار بر رفتار حفاظت زیستمحیطی دانشجویان به عنوان مهم­ترین منبع انسانی دانشگاه و جهت دهندهی حرکت جامعه به سوی آیندهای پایدارتر، حقیقتی انکارناپذیر است. بر این پایه، هدف این پژوهش شناسایی عاملهای اثرگذار بر رفتار حفاظت زیستمحیطی دانشجویان بود. برای انتخاب بهترین دادهها و پالایش آنها با توجه به هدف پژوهش، از فلوچارت پریسما استفاده شد. به منظور پیادهسازی تحلیل محتوا از روش هفت مرحلهای سندلوسکی و باروس استفاده شد. دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار NVivo10 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافتههای پژوهش نشان داد که عاملهای اثرگذار بر رفتار حفاظت زیستمحیطی دانشجویان در 13 عامل قابل شناسایی هستند که مهم­ترین آنها عبارت بودند از: ارزشها و هنجارها، تجربه، سرمایهی اجتماعی، دانش و آگاهی، زیرساختهای دانشگاه، فرهنگ سازمانی، محتوای برنامهی درسی، خودکارآمدی، و نگرانی درک­شده. یافتههای حاصل از تحلیل خوشهای نشان داد که فرهنگ سازمانی، سایر عاملهای اثرگذار بر رفتار حفاظت زیستمحیطی دانشجویان را تحت تأثیر خود قرار داده است. Manuscript profile -
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990 - نقش عوامل تولید در رشد اقتصادی ایران با تاکید بر منابع طبیعی و نیروی کار و تخریب محیط زیست
صمد زارعی سید نعمت اله موسویچکیدههدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر متغیرهای محیط زیست و سرمایه اجتماعی بر رشد اقتصادی در ایران است. بنابراین ، این مطالعه بر اساس مبانی نظری ، علاوه بر این متغیرها ، به بررسی تأثیرات شاخص های مختلف سرمایه انسانی بر رشد اقتصادی ایران طی دوره 73-1373 پرداخته است. متغیرهای Moreچکیدههدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر متغیرهای محیط زیست و سرمایه اجتماعی بر رشد اقتصادی در ایران است. بنابراین ، این مطالعه بر اساس مبانی نظری ، علاوه بر این متغیرها ، به بررسی تأثیرات شاخص های مختلف سرمایه انسانی بر رشد اقتصادی ایران طی دوره 73-1373 پرداخته است. متغیرهای نشان دهنده سرمایه اجتماعی شامل دسترسی به اینترنت و خدمات ارتباطی تلفنی بود. برای سرمایه انسانی ، از میزان سواد ، میزان ثبت نام در دبستان و همچنین تعداد دانش آموزان استفاده شد. همچنین فرض بر این بود که فناوری علاوه بر نیروی کار ، به شکل سرمایه فیزیکی نیز ظاهر می شود. یافته ها نشان داد که سرمایه فیزیکی مهمترین عامل رشد اقتصاد ایران است و عملکرد آن 0.3-0.4 است. اما نقش بسیار کمی توسط متغیرهای سرمایه انسانی و سرمایه زیست محیطی ایفا شده است. نقش سرمایه اجتماعی نیز نسبتاً قابل قبول و مثبت بود.واژه های کلیدی: مدل رشد ، سرمایه اجتماعی ، سرمایه محیطی ، ایرانطبقه بندی JEL: O13 ، O47 ، R1 Manuscript profile -
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991 - ابعاد مسئولیتپذیری اجتماعی شرکتی در شرکتهای تعاونی روستایی
کمال رستمی لاله صالحیفعالیتهای ناپایدار انسانی طی دهههای اخیر اثرات مخرب و غیرقابل جبرانی بر پایداری زیستمحیطی، اجتماعی، و حتی اقتصادی داشته است و کشورها و دولتها را با مشکلات عدیدهای در زمینهی مهاجرت، حاشیهنشینی، افزایش فقر و فاصلهی طبقاتی، و موارد بیشمار دیگری روبرو ساخته است. است Moreفعالیتهای ناپایدار انسانی طی دهههای اخیر اثرات مخرب و غیرقابل جبرانی بر پایداری زیستمحیطی، اجتماعی، و حتی اقتصادی داشته است و کشورها و دولتها را با مشکلات عدیدهای در زمینهی مهاجرت، حاشیهنشینی، افزایش فقر و فاصلهی طبقاتی، و موارد بیشمار دیگری روبرو ساخته است. استدلال شده است که تلفیق مسئولیتپذیری اجتماعی شرکتی در ساختار شرکتها و فعالیتهای اقتصادی (از جمله شرکتهای تعاونی روستایی) میتواند به جبران کاستیها و بیتوجهیهای گذشته به محیط طبیعی کمک شایان توجهی کند. لازمهی این امر، شناسایی عاملهای اثرگذار بر توسعهی CSR در ساختار شرکتهای تعاونی روستایی و سهم هر عامل در درگیر شدن آنها در این فعالیتها است. بنابراین، هدف این پژوهش ارتقاء سطح مسئولیتپذیری اجتماعی در میان اعضای شرکتهای تعاونی روستایی شهرستان کامیاران بود (N=14100). بدین منظور از پرسشنامهای محقق ساخت استفاده شد که روایی آن از طریق پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن از طریق محاسبهی ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (71/ 0≥ α) تأیید شد. دادهها در محیط نرمافزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافتهها ضریب همبستگی نشان دادند که رابطهی مثبت و معنیداری بین استراتژی حمایتی، نظارتی و هدایتی، قانونمندی و توانمندی روانی و ساختاری، و سازوکار مشارکتی با سطح CSR در شرکتهای مورد مطالعه وجود دارد. همچنین، یافتههای رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که دو عامل استراتژی حمایتی، نظارتی و هدایتی، و قانونمندی و توانمندیهای روانی-ساختاری در مجموع 4/36 درصد از واریانس متغیر وابستهی CSR را تبیین میکنند. در نهایت، دلالتهای نظری و کاربردی پژوهش در بخش نتیجهگیری بیان گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
992 - تبیین عوامل موثر در اثربخشی فروش به روش کیفی«تئوری زمینهایی» (مطالعه موردی صنایع غذایی)
محمد جوان بخت ابراهیم چیرانی سید محمود شبگو منصفامروزه شرکتها به اهمیت فروش به خوبی واقفند و در تلاشند تا با افزایش حجم فروش در فضای رقابتی موجود در بازارها، وضعیت خود را تثبیت و یا بهبود بخشند. هدف تحقیق حاضر تبیین عوامل موثر در اثربخشی فروش است. این پژوهش از نوع کیفی است و از روش گراندد تئوری بمنظور شناسایی مقوله Moreامروزه شرکتها به اهمیت فروش به خوبی واقفند و در تلاشند تا با افزایش حجم فروش در فضای رقابتی موجود در بازارها، وضعیت خود را تثبیت و یا بهبود بخشند. هدف تحقیق حاضر تبیین عوامل موثر در اثربخشی فروش است. این پژوهش از نوع کیفی است و از روش گراندد تئوری بمنظور شناسایی مقولههای زیربنایی اثربخشی فروش شرکتها استفاده میکند. دادههای پژوهش از مصاحبه با 10 نفر از خبرگان صنعت مواد غذایی استان گیلان بدست آمدند. به منظور تحلیل دادههای بدست آمده از روش کدگذاری در نرم افزار MAXQDA استفاده شد. یافتهها نشان از استخراج 287 مفهوم (با لحاظ تکرارها) از درون مصاحبهها در مرحله اول (کدگذاری باز) داشت. با در نظر گرفتن ارتباط بین مفاهیم در سطح کدگذاری محوری (گام دوم) به 26 مقوله تقلیل یافتند، و در مرحله سوم (کد گذاری گزینشی) 6 مضمون شناسایی شد. مضامین شناسایی شده یا به عبارت دیگر عوامل موثر بر اثربخشی فروش سازمانی شامل جهتگیریهای استراتژیک شرکت، قابلیتهای بازاریابی، مدیریت کنترل فروش، عملکرد نیروی فروش و عوامل محیطی میباشند. اثربخشی فروش هم به ابعاد (مقوله) متشکل از سرمایهگذاری، سودآوری، سهم بازار و رضایت مشتری تقسیم بندی گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
993 - -Empirical Assessment of Environmental and Health Risks in Intensive Poultry Production in Kwara State, Nigeria
بوسلا آمولگبه خدیجت آبیمبولا عثمان موتیات اولاینکا آنیماشون جوبریلThe study was designed to assess the environmental and health risks arising from intensive poultry production in Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 120 poultry farmers in Kwara State under the Poultry Association of Nigeria (PAN) were selected randomly for the study, and MoreThe study was designed to assess the environmental and health risks arising from intensive poultry production in Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 120 poultry farmers in Kwara State under the Poultry Association of Nigeria (PAN) were selected randomly for the study, and structured questionnaires were administered. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and the linear regression. The study revealed that about 79.5% of the poultry farmers were literate, having completed at least a tertiary educational level. In addition, the results showed that the environmental and health issues were significant during production and processing. It was further revealed that the type of battery cage used and educational level of the farmers were positively significant, while the year of establishment was negatively significant when it comes to the adoption practices. This implies that the higher the level of education, the more likely farmers adopt improved practices. Moreover, it was observed that the majority of the poultry farmers do not abide by the environmental and public health laws and regulations; therefore, it is recommended that government should enforce strict supervisory agencies of the sanitation/health policies aiming at environmental preservation and protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
994 - Identifying Indicators of Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture in Paddy Fields of Guilan Province
Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari Zahra Daghighi MasulehIn recent years, agriculture has become the prime polluter of natural resources. It is therefore essential to make assessments based on reliable indicators to ensure that an agricultural system remains not only productive, but also ecologically sound. A large area of ar MoreIn recent years, agriculture has become the prime polluter of natural resources. It is therefore essential to make assessments based on reliable indicators to ensure that an agricultural system remains not only productive, but also ecologically sound. A large area of arable land in Guilan province is devoted to rice cultivation so the transition to environmentally sound agricultural practice in paddy fields of the province is an important strategy. The main purpose of this study was to present a new and comprehensive framework for assessing environmentally sound agricultural practice applicable to the paddy fields in Guilan Province. A review of the relevant literature identified environmentally sound indicators that had been used by researchers in recent years. Then some parameters were introduced for examination and prioritization. The proposed structural model includes seven factors and 21 indicators. The target population included university faculty members and researchers who were familiar with the concepts of agricultural sustainability and that were familiar with the Guilan paddy fields. A structural on-line questionnaire was the main instrument used to gather information. Based on experts’ points of view, the coefficient of significance for each of the selected indicators was measured using the Yager fuzzy screening method. The results obtained from structured questionnaires showed that 20 of the 21 indicators were appropriate for assessing environmentally sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
995 - نقش بهره برداران کشاورزی در مدیریت پایدار منابع طبیعی با تاکید بر محیط زیست (مطالعه موردی در شهرستان همدان)
مسعود سامیان رضا موحدی الهام انصاری مسعود اسدیمنابع طبیعی اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم زیادی در توسعه اقتصادی– اجتماعی کشورها دارد. به رغم این اهمیت روند تخریب این منابع به دلیل رشد سریع جمعیت، بهره­برداری بی­رویه و بدون برنامه­ریزی و فقدان آگاهی مردم نسبت به توسعه و ترویج موازین احیا، توسعه و بهره&sh Moreمنابع طبیعی اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم زیادی در توسعه اقتصادی– اجتماعی کشورها دارد. به رغم این اهمیت روند تخریب این منابع به دلیل رشد سریع جمعیت، بهره­برداری بی­رویه و بدون برنامه­ریزی و فقدان آگاهی مردم نسبت به توسعه و ترویج موازین احیا، توسعه و بهره­برداری صحیح با شتاب بیش از حدی ادامه داشته است. بنابراین پایداری در مدیریت منابع طبیعی و حفظ آن از شروط اساسی برای رسیدن به توسعه پایدار کشاورزی و روستایی است. هم­چنین باید توجه داشت که مشارکت مردم در مدیریت منابع طبیعی نقش مهمی در جلوگیری از روند چنین تخریبی ایفا می­کند. مسئله مذکور باعث شده تا هدف این پژوهش به سمت تعیین میزان نقش و اهمیت بهره­برداران کشاورزی در مدیریت پایدار منابع طبیعی سوق پیدا کند. این پژوهش یک مطالعه تحلیلی– توصیفی است که جمع­آوری داده­های آن با رویکرد پیمایش انجام گردیده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 208 نفر از بهره­برداران کشاورزی در روستای اطراف شهرستان همدان می­باشند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که 34 درصد کشاورزان در گروه ناپایدار، 54 درصد در گروه پایداری متوسط و 12 درصد کشاورزان در گروه پایدار جای گرفتند. هم­چنین نتایج حاصل از رگرسیون چند متغیره نشان داد که متغیرهای شخصی، آموزشی و ترویجی، اقتصادی، قانونی و نهادی و اجتماعی توانایی تبیین 79 درصدی (791/0 R2=) تغییرات متغیر مدیریت پایدار منابع طبیعی توسط کشاورزان را دارا می باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
996 - Role of Green Resource Management in Advancement of Green Supply Chain (Case Study for Environmental Engineering)
Parisa Khosravi Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti Kazem Hashemimajd -
Open Access Article
997 - The role of COVID-19 pandemic in environmental changes: A brief study
Mehdi Koohdarag Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti -
Open Access Article
998 - Investigating the effect of Islamic moral intelligence on the organizational indifference of the employees of the General Department of Environmental Protection, Khorasan Razavi, using the structural equation model approach
Laleh Masoomian Davod Kaveh Yaser Salary Zahra AnjomshoaeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of Islamic moral intelligence on the organizational indifference of employees of the General Department of Environmental Protection of Khorasan Razavi. Organizational indifference is a silent crisis that leads to the MoreThe purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of Islamic moral intelligence on the organizational indifference of employees of the General Department of Environmental Protection of Khorasan Razavi. Organizational indifference is a silent crisis that leads to the destruction of the organization.This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population includes all the employees of this Department , in the number of 450 people, and based on the sampling table of Karjesi and Morgan, 207 of them were selected by simple random sampling. The research tool is researcher-made questionnaires, which were determined using content validity using face validity method, and reliability was determined using internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha method. The method of data analysis was structural equation model using Amos modeling software. The findings showed that the variable of Islamic moral intelligence had the greatest effect with a coefficient of -0.96 on the organizational indifference of employees and Islamic moral intelligence with a coefficient of -0.91 on indifference to clients, with a coefficient of -0.903 on indifference to colleagues, with a coefficient of -0.902 on indifference to work and with a coefficient of -0.85 on indifference It has had a significant impact on the manager. As a result, the higher the Islamic moral intelligence of the employees , the less indifference to the manager, organization, clients, colleagues and their work. This research will be the beginning to manage indifference of employee to the fate of organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
999 - Investigating human resource retention system and its impact on productivity improvement in Parsian Gas Refining Company
mokhtar ranjbarThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the human resource retention system and its impact on improving productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The research method is descriptive survey type. The statistical population of this study consisted of manag MoreThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the human resource retention system and its impact on improving productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The research method is descriptive survey type. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and employees of Parsian refinery with 524 people. They were examined by stratified sampling method of 220 people. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire developed by Human Resources Retention System, as well as Hersey and Goldsmith's (2000) Productivity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including multiple regressions and structural equation modeling using PLS software. The findings showed that human resource retention system has a significant effect on improving the productivity of Parsian gas refining company. Also, the dimensions of human resource retention system including individual factors, organizational factors and environmental factors also have a positive and significant effect on improving the productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The simultaneous effect of variables in the final model using multiple regression and path analysis showed that all dimensions of human resources retention system have a positive and significant predictor of improving the productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1000 - The Impact of Companies Environmental Law on Earnings Smoothing
Vahid Bekhradi NasabThe decisions of managers and investors are in the direction of increasing returns and wealth, because in economics, with the assumption of the logic of the behavior of individuals, everyone is supposed to seek to maximize their wealth. So managers are no exception to t MoreThe decisions of managers and investors are in the direction of increasing returns and wealth, because in economics, with the assumption of the logic of the behavior of individuals, everyone is supposed to seek to maximize their wealth. So managers are no exception to this rule. Now, given their freedom of action in applying accounting procedures, managers want to know how these factors affect the accounting procedures of their wealth, so that they will use their profits to their advantage in order to maximize their wealth. May increase. Increasing the wealth of managers can be accompanied by a decrease in the wealth of other groups, including shareholders. The rate of profit smoothing and social accountability criteria is that how important these criteria are to investors when making economic decisions. At present, the growing flow of environmental law and social responsibility literature has begun to explore the relationship between environmental law and the functioning of financial markets. Therefore, in the present study, after the complete and comprehensive definition of environmental Law and accruals, an attempt has been made to examine the effect of environmental law on the smoothing of earnings as one of the dimensions of profit smoothing. The statistical population of this study includes all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2009-2020. The sample size is based on a systematic elimination of 164 companies. Evidence suggests that environmental Law do not have an impact on the smoothing of earnings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1001 - Compilation of Green Management Model and Sustainable Development with the Mediating Role of Environmental Attitude in Iran Football Federation
Seyed Amin Dehghan Banadaki Mohammad Hassan peymanfarThe sports industry has a tremendous impact on the natural environment; Therefore, sports organizations should use appropriate management methods to sustain the environment. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the relationship and present the model of green m MoreThe sports industry has a tremendous impact on the natural environment; Therefore, sports organizations should use appropriate management methods to sustain the environment. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the relationship and present the model of green management and sustainable development with the mediating role of employees' attitudes towards the environment in the Iranian Football Federation. The research method was a descriptive correlation, carried out by the field method. The statistical population of the research included all managers and employees of the Iranian Football Federation in the number of 157 people, of which 111 people cooperated in this study. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed by expert professors, and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that green management has a positive and significant effect on sustainable development, and green management has a positive and significant effect on employees' attitudes towards the environment. Also, employees' attitude towards the environment positively and significantly affects sustainable development. The results indicate that due to the attractiveness of football and its countless fans, the Islamic Republic of Iran Football Federation can play a significant role in sustainable development and environmental protection by implementing green management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1002 - The development of a green supply chain dual-objective facility by considering different levels of uncertainty
Sasan Torabzadeh Khorasani Maryam Almasifard -
Open Access Article
1003 - Evaluation and selection of sustainable suppliers in supply chain using new GP-DEA model with imprecise data
Saeid Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi Mehran Dodkanloi Milan Mustafa Jahangoshai Rezaee -
Open Access Article
1004 - Investigating the Role of Creator Environmental Factors in Employees' Satisfaction with Office Space (Case Study: Kermanshah Engineering System)
jamaleddin honarvar maryam aznab sara jalalianGenerative design and performance modeling for relationships between urban built forms, sky opening, solar radiation and energy Office spaces are the living places of employees, the environment where each person spends his most energetic waking hours. Therefore, the rol MoreGenerative design and performance modeling for relationships between urban built forms, sky opening, solar radiation and energy Office spaces are the living places of employees, the environment where each person spends his most energetic waking hours. Therefore, the role of environmental factors in the quality of office space in the long term has a significant impact on employee satisfaction. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the role of environmental factors that create silence in employees' satisfaction with the office space. This research has an applied purpose and is a survey in terms of the nature of the method, and in terms of data analysis, it is descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the employees of Kermanshah Engineering System Organization is 72 people, which is a quota systematic random sampling type. Information was collected through a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire has been measured based on content validity and it has been approved by professors and experts in architecture and environmental psychology, and its reliability has been confirmed as 0.718 through Cronbach's alpha method. Data analysis was done through T-tests and regression and factor analysis and regression with Spss, Lisrel software. Through the confirmatory factor analysis test, the role of environmental factors that create privacy in employees' satisfaction with the office space were identified and confirmed with a factor loading of 0.4. It was determined by the regression test and the adjusted coefficient of determination; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1005 - The application of artificial intelligence in the formal ideation of the belonging architectural space with the approach of environmental psychology (Case study: The future Islamic-Iranian city center)
Ali Pordel Neda Zia BakhshArtificial intelligence is an evolving technology that has drawn great economic and social benefits for the future. This technology has the capacity to create a revolution in the way we live, work, learn, discover and interact. But its use in architecture has received l MoreArtificial intelligence is an evolving technology that has drawn great economic and social benefits for the future. This technology has the capacity to create a revolution in the way we live, work, learn, discover and interact. But its use in architecture has received less attention. The aim of this research is to identify the characteristics of the belonging architectural space by examining the theoretical foundations of environmental psychology, and then by examining a case study, the effect of the use of artificial intelligence in the creation of the belonging architectural space is examined from a formal aspect. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and of a qualitative type, which was done by studying library sources and then analyzing the data in a logical way. The research tool in this research is the Midjourney artificial intelligence, which has been introduced for some time in the field of creating artistic images from input words and has been the focus of various artists and architects. Finally, we can conclude that it is true that we are dealing with conceptual designs that will not become reality in the near future, but they can have a positive impact on the creativity of architects and create a future that most people cannot imagine today. The use of these images in creating belonging spaces is only one example of the use of artificial intelligence in the architectural design process and can be an inspiration for architectural researchers in various fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1006 - The application of artificial intelligence in the formal ideation of the belonging architectural space with the approach of environmental psychology (Case study: The future Islamic-Iranian city center)
Ali Pordel Neda Zia BakhshArtificial intelligence is an evolving technology that has drawn great economic and social benefits for the future. This technology has the capacity to create a revolution in the way we live, work, learn, discover and interact. But its use in architecture has received l MoreArtificial intelligence is an evolving technology that has drawn great economic and social benefits for the future. This technology has the capacity to create a revolution in the way we live, work, learn, discover and interact. But its use in architecture has received less attention. The aim of this research is to identify the characteristics of the belonging architectural space by examining the theoretical foundations of environmental psychology, and then by examining a case study, the effect of the use of artificial intelligence in the creation of the belonging architectural space is examined from a formal aspect. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and of a qualitative type, which was done by studying library sources and then analyzing the data in a logical way. The research tool in this research is the Midjourney artificial intelligence, which has been introduced for some time in the field of creating artistic images from input words and has been the focus of various artists and architects. Finally, we can conclude that it is true that we are dealing with conceptual designs that will not become reality in the near future, but they can have a positive impact on the creativity of architects and create a future that most people cannot imagine today. The use of these images in creating belonging spaces is only one example of the use of artificial intelligence in the architectural design process and can be an inspiration for architectural researchers in various fields Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1007 - Liability for Environmental Damage in Iranian and International Law
Azin Rahmanian ایرج گلدوزیان سیدباقر سیدباقر میرعباسیCivil liability in environmental damages is one of the new legal institutions that has increasingly attracted the attention of private lawyers and legislators. Today, due to the fact that pollution in Iranian law has become very high, this will cause many risks and loss MoreCivil liability in environmental damages is one of the new legal institutions that has increasingly attracted the attention of private lawyers and legislators. Today, due to the fact that pollution in Iranian law has become very high, this will cause many risks and losses, including large financial losses and irreparable damage to health. It is very necessary and vital to anticipate the appropriate rules and regulations in this field. The first theory in the theory of environmental pollution responsibility is the theory of fault. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the responsibility of environmental damage in Iranian and international law. Although governments today are responsible for their own harmful actions, since the civil liability of the government in Iran is based on fault, it is difficult to compensate for many of the damage done to the environment. Therefore, it was better to consider pure responsibility for the perpetrators of environmental damage and pollution. Damage to the environment and the resulting damage is one of the problems faced by today's society, and that the environment has been seriously damaged in various ways on a daily basis, but regardless of the damage to a particular person, it has been left without compensation. And no one bears this responsibility, so due to the need to compensate for any loss or damage, in most legal systems, the study, evaluation and discussion of civil liability for environmental damage, will have a special place in jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1008 - Identifying the factors affecting the productivity of education managers in Lorestan province
حجت فلاحپور ابراهیم پورحسینی شجاع عربانThe aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the productivity model of education managers in Lorestan province. The research method was integrated (qualitative-quantitative) and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population in the qualitative st MoreThe aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the productivity model of education managers in Lorestan province. The research method was integrated (qualitative-quantitative) and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population in the qualitative stage included 12 experts and in the quantitative stage all the principals of the secondary schools of Lorestan province were 411 people. To determine the qualitative sample size by theoretical saturation method and in the quantitative part, from Krejcie-Morgan table, 199 people (102 men and 97 women) were selected as a statistical sample and selected by cluster random sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was assessed by professors and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test and the value was 0.82. Spss26 software and lisrel structural equations were used for data analysis. The results of the qualitative section with Delphi panel showed that seven components of motivational factors, managerial factors, environmental factors, empowerment factors, acceptance factors, innovation factors and organizational factors and 62 indicators for managers' productivity were identified. The results of structural equations also showed that the factor load is motivational factors 0.84, managerial factors 0.79, environmental factors 0.80, empowerment factors 0.72, acceptance factors 0.83, innovation factors 0.69 and organizational factors 0.85. Also, all the estimation indicators of the measurement model indicated a good fit of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1009 - Identify and Prioritize the Dimensions of Green Human Resource Management in the Oil Industry with the Aim of Achieving Sustainable Development
Mozhdeh Nasirzadeh Gholamreza Memarzadeh Tehran Ghanbar Amirnejad Foad Makvandi Siroos Korahi MoghadamMany organizations and industries try to implement green management properly with the aim of survival and achieving sustainable development. Green human resource management is one of the basic pillars of green management. This study was conducted with the aim of identif MoreMany organizations and industries try to implement green management properly with the aim of survival and achieving sustainable development. Green human resource management is one of the basic pillars of green management. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing its dimensions. The research is applied. Data collection was done in two stages. First, using the research literature and the opinions of 20 experts who were selected by purposive sampling, the dimensions of green human resource management were identified. Then, 11 approved dimensions were examined as a pairwise comparison to each dimension using Expert Choice software. The results of the evaluation showed that the green education dimension with a weight percentage of 0.145 has the highest priority and the green support dimension with a weight percentage of 0.021 has the lowest priority. The degree of incompatibility was 0.007, which indicates the acceptable compatibility of pairwise comparisons. The results of this study help the gradual implementation of green human resources according to the importance and priority of each dimension and in accordance with the planning of the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1010 - ....
Babak Rezaei ardeshir bazrkarThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green human resource management measures on the environmental performance of the organization with respect to the mediating role of green organizational culture. The present study was based on the purpose of app MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green human resource management measures on the environmental performance of the organization with respect to the mediating role of green organizational culture. The present study was based on the purpose of applied research and in terms of data collection and analysis method was survey-correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and human resource management experts of Saipa Automotive Group of 120 people. Data collection tools were three questionnaires related to human resource management measures, green organizational culture and environmental performance. After confirming the validity, the reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.960, 0.975 and 0.944, respectively. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling method was used with the help of Smart PLS software. Findings showed that green human resource management measures directly explain 0.582 percent of the changes related to the environmental performance variable and 0.619 percent of the changes related to the green organizational culture variable. Green organizational culture also directly explains 0.657% of the changes related to the environmental performance variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1011 - The Impact of Human Development on Environmental Sustainability in Selected Oil Exporting Countries
Mahshad Arab Marjan Damankeshideh Ahmad Jafari Samimi Alireza Daghighi Asli Ali Esmaeilzadeh MaghariIn the broadest sense, sustainability means the ability to maintain or support a process continuously over time. To maintain the sustainability and sustainable development of society, we need to meet the demands of today's generation without compromising the needs of fu MoreIn the broadest sense, sustainability means the ability to maintain or support a process continuously over time. To maintain the sustainability and sustainable development of society, we need to meet the demands of today's generation without compromising the needs of future generations. Sustainability has three dimensions: economic, social and environmental, the latter having the most decisive weight. In the 2000s and 2010s, multiple experimental studies were conducted on sustainability employing an experimental model based on the Kuznets curve. Moreover, in recent years, the two concepts of human development and sustainability have been extensively addressed in the development literature. Various studies have considered human beings as a substantial factor in the development of different societies. The composite index of human development has various dimensions that may affect sustainability and specifically environmental sustainability. Plus, exorbitant oil revenues in oil-producing and exporting countries have had a significant impact on human development in these countries. Therefore, we can classify these countries into three groups of oil-rich countries with high human development, oil-rich countries with medium human development and oil-rich countries with low human development. In this paper, to investigate the impact of the human development index in 35 major oil-exporting countries around the globe, we applied the panel data method and Kuznets function for the data from 2010 to 2019. The result of the econometric model estimation demonstrates that the greater the human development index, the higher the environmental sustainability in these countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1012 - Provide a Method to Evaluate Business Agility in Manufacturing Firms. Using Data Envelopment Analysis Stage TechniqueCase study: The automobile Trading Companies
علی Ramezani امیر Rahimi Ghazikalayeh مهدی AmirafshariThis research as provide a method to evaluate business agility in maunfacturing firms.using data envelopment analysis stage technique"was performed.the first,the theoretical foundations of research were studied.data sets,at this stage collected,provide the opportunity f MoreThis research as provide a method to evaluate business agility in maunfacturing firms.using data envelopment analysis stage technique"was performed.the first,the theoretical foundations of research were studied.data sets,at this stage collected,provide the opportunity for researchers explain a concept model.then,using interviews with experts were identified indicators to measure the model variables.In the second stage,designed survey questionnaire. The results showed agility capacities of organizations are less affected by environmental factors,and these factors most are affected enables agility.and environmental drives are affected organizational agility capacities through instruments enabling agility.and organizational capacities are affected for forming results agility. Finally,using final model and data envelopment analysis stage technique,organizational agility is evaluated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1013 - Organizational Factors and the Effect of Job Satisfaction on the Performance of Auditors
Mohammad Mohammadi samaneh tarighi Negin Tayefe Aghakhan HashtroodiBy the challenge growing in auditing, audit institutions realized the importance of giving their services with the best quality. The performance of auditors working in auditing groups can also affect the quality of the auditing and reduce the effectiveness of the collec MoreBy the challenge growing in auditing, audit institutions realized the importance of giving their services with the best quality. The performance of auditors working in auditing groups can also affect the quality of the auditing and reduce the effectiveness of the collection of auditing evidence. As auditing managers’ judgment is based on the information and evidences auditors have gathered, their judgment is not different from what the employees have generated. So auditor’s performance influences the quality of auditing. Behaviors reducing quality of auditing made by what auditors have gained within the auditing period makes the documents less effective. These behaviors could have an abominable effect on quality of auditing and also prejudice reliability of this business. The aim of this research is to discover the common behaviors reducing quality of auditing among superior auditors and its relation with their job satisfaction and their commitments to the audit institution. Information needed for this research has been collected by questionnaires. 150 questionnaires have been sent to private audit institutions all over Iran. The accuracy of assumptions of this research have been examined by regression’s statistical analysis. Consequences of this research indicated that behaviors making the quality of auditing less effective have a meaningful relation with auditor’s job satisfaction and also these reducing behaviors have an indirect relevance with organizational commitments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1014 - Investigation of Factors influencing the implementation of Environmental Accounting
Roya Darabi Maryam AkbaryThe present research aims to investigate the theoretical fundamentals required to execute environmental accounting in those companies having been accepted in Tehran security exchange and factors influencing it. Research method applied in this study has been an evaluativ MoreThe present research aims to investigate the theoretical fundamentals required to execute environmental accounting in those companies having been accepted in Tehran security exchange and factors influencing it. Research method applied in this study has been an evaluative and field approach regarding its nature and it has been an applied according to its objective. Subjects of the study included the senior and financial managers of companies which had been accepted in aforementioned companies during 2013. Five hypotheses were tested and 215 companies were investigated. Student t-test was used in order to examine the assumption for equality of mean population and Friedman test was employed to prioritize the hypotheses. Findings imply that effect of all variables on environmental accounting. Also, the variable considered for the obstacles existing in the current accounting for measuring companies' activities in the environment was given the first priority and due to the environment threats, risk creating variable was placed in the last priority. With Testing hypotheses these results were obtained that all the discussed variables are effective in environmental accounting. In addition, the variable related to the existing obstacles in the current accounting to measure companies' activities in the environment was positioned in the first priority and the variable of risk creation cause by the environmental threats was placed in the last priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1015 - Environmental History as a Model of Eco-Criticism in Gregory’s The Other Boleyn Girl and Virgin Earth
Atieh Rafati Saeed Yazdani (Corresponding author) Fatemeh AzizmohammadiEco criticism is the study of the relations between the physical environment and literature. It involves an earth-centered approach to literary studies. The subject of eco criticism takes between nature and culture, explicitly the cultural artefacts of language and lite MoreEco criticism is the study of the relations between the physical environment and literature. It involves an earth-centered approach to literary studies. The subject of eco criticism takes between nature and culture, explicitly the cultural artefacts of language and literature. . As Hughes (2009) debates, even though eco-criticism has become a field in literary theory and in the extensive landscape of environmental history and cultural ecology, it could benefit from an enhanced frame work. Environmental History is relevant to numerous things, the history of the mutual relations between human race and remnants of nature. Cultural Ecology, on the other hand, is based on the interaction between man, culture and environment. It describes the roots of peculiar cultural type which characterize specific cultural space. This research attempts to analysis the Philippa Gregory’s The Red Queen based on the features of environmental history and cultural ecology as an eco-criticism hybrid model. In her novel, Gregory tries to define the true history and surrounding of Margaret Beaufort’s life who became the mother of the first Tudor’s king (Henry VII). First, with the reference to the features of environmental history and cultural ecology a model of analysis will be structured. Then, the analysis of Gregory’s novel based on these features will be indicated. Finally, the results of the analysis will be discussed to confirm how it can be implied as a novel’s approach to literary theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1016 - Application of Multi criteria decision making methods in studies of environmental hazards in Shadegan Wetland
S. A. Jozi Saffarian Sh.There are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the pr MoreThere are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the present study aimed to determine major environmental risks (the most important environmental important acceptor Abadan gas turbine power plant) and their impact on wetlands Shadegan. As a case study, a questionnaire was prepared in Delphi method and handed to some of the elite and power industry and environmental experts.In this study, to analysis environmental risks Abadan gas power plant on the Shadegan wetland methods of multiple criteria decision making and TOPSIS eigenvector were used. For this purpose, after prioritizing risks of each environment separately using TOPSIS, a one-way ANOVA was used and priority of environmental risk acceptor Abadan gas power plant in the wetland was determined. Results of calculated risk Abadan gas power plant showed that in biological had a physical, chemical and cultural environments the effects on air quality had 0.918 weight, the effect on plant and animal population had a weight of 0.866 and view and landscapes had a weight of 0.796 are The most important risks affecting power plant activity on wetland. More solutions to control and reduce the risks identified for sensitive wetland ecosystem and wildlife shelterd Shadegan. Some of these solutions are: variability of activities within the enclosed invironment, the creation and development of green space using consistent species with the environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1017 - Environmental risk assessment of Azad Dam using multiple criteria decision making method
R. Arjmandi S. Malmasi R. Nezakati Z. AllahdadAzad Dam, in the western areas of Kordestan province, is located on KomasiRiver in the distance of 37 kilometers at the west of Sanandaj and 39 kilometers at the south-east of Marivan. In this research, risk assessments of activities during construction phases of the da MoreAzad Dam, in the western areas of Kordestan province, is located on KomasiRiver in the distance of 37 kilometers at the west of Sanandaj and 39 kilometers at the south-east of Marivan. In this research, risk assessments of activities during construction phases of the dam have been studied in order to mitigate the probable risks. To reach this goal, one of the multiple criteria decision making methods by the name of multiple Attribute Decision Making has been used. Firstly, the risk factors have been recognized and ranked based on their importance, intensity and probable occurrence using Delphi questionnaire Method. Results were analyzed using SPSS software. In the next stage, the whole risk factors of Azad Dam were weighted and their priorities were determined applying Entropy method. Finally, environmental risks were ranked using TOPSIS Model. Results declare that the most important risks of the plan include the risk of soil pollution and land-cover destruction with the score of 0.895, Komasi River water contamination with the score of 0.667, intense reduction of organic matters and nutrients in Komasi River flow at down side of the dam with a score of 0.597. At the end of this research, an environmental management program was presented to mitigate or control the probable risks of the project. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1018 - Effect of salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen on survival of Perinereis nuntia (Polychaeta, Annelida), in vitro
P. Nejatkhah Manavi S. AmiriThis study was performed for a period of 3 weeks, on the survival of Polychaeta Perinereis nuntia, at various salinities, temperatures and dissolved oxygen levels, in laboratory condition. Among these factors, salinity had the most significant effecton the surviva MoreThis study was performed for a period of 3 weeks, on the survival of Polychaeta Perinereis nuntia, at various salinities, temperatures and dissolved oxygen levels, in laboratory condition. Among these factors, salinity had the most significant effecton the survival of P. nuntia. There were one control group and 3 treatments at different salinities, includeing 1/5 (7.1 ppt), 3/5 (21.3 ppt) and 7/5 (49.7 ppt) of sea water salinity. The salinity of the control group was 35.5 ppt. Maximum rate of survival was observed in control group with 70% mortality and the minimum was in 7.1 ppt treatment by full fatality in the first week. There was significant difference in survival rate of various temperature treatments (p<0.05). Minimum and maximum survival rate in temperature treatments were in 44º Ϲ with 33% and 24 º Ϲ with 70%, respectively. Dissolved oxygen concentration was the least effective factor on survival of P. nuntia. The highest survival rate was in 5-6 ppm of dissolved oxygen concentration with 80% survival and the lowest was in 7-8 ppm with 73% survival. Results showed that the maximum survival rate of Perinereis nuntia was in dissolved oxygen treatments and the highest mortality rates were in different concentrations of salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1019 - Environmental Risks Analysis of Helleh Protected Area of Boushehr by Using AHP Method
S. A. Jozi M. ShafieeThis study is about Environmental Risks Analysis of Helleh protected area of boushehrwith using AHP method. Helleh protected area with extension about 48940.82 hectares, is located at geographic coordinates of ً24، ´38، 50) ( till ( ً23،´ 56، 50)eas MoreThis study is about Environmental Risks Analysis of Helleh protected area of boushehrwith using AHP method. Helleh protected area with extension about 48940.82 hectares, is located at geographic coordinates of ً24، ´38، 50) ( till ( ً23،´ 56، 50)eastern longitude and ( ً24، ´03، 29) till ( ً50، ´16، 29)northern latitude. In this study at the first Delphi method was applied for hazard identification in area. Also according to the field studies, interview with natives and studying the database of helleh, the couple of risks were added to the factors that were identified with Delphi method. Finally 26 risks were identified in two groups that are including natural events and environmental risks. At the next stage, analytical hierarchy process was applied for analysis and priority of identified risks. In this study, the risks were assessed by using of three criteria like severity, probability and vulnerability. With building of raeesali delvari dam on top of the helleh protected area almost 232300 m3 from fresh water of helleh wetland was layed off and only the salinity water of DalakiRiver is streaming to the wetland. This can cause threaten the wetland, fauna and flora of wetland. So the Raeesali delvari dam with weight 0.116 is in preference 1. The rest of risks are in preference 2 till 26. Some ways that have suggested for control the risks are including laying off water pumping from the wetland and regarding to the hunting season, multiplicity and type of legal hunting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1020 - Assessment of physical sensitivity of coastal fringe of Miankale Wetland based on Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI)
R. Nezakati B. Behrouzirad S. Malmasi F. EsmailiMiankale coastal area is located in southeastern part of Caspian Sea. The area, which contains GorganGulf and Miankale Wetland, is recorded as an international wetland in Ramsar Convention. It has high potential for tourism activities. Moreover, the increasing trend of MoreMiankale coastal area is located in southeastern part of Caspian Sea. The area, which contains GorganGulf and Miankale Wetland, is recorded as an international wetland in Ramsar Convention. It has high potential for tourism activities. Moreover, the increasing trend of economic development, especially oil activities in adjacent countries reveals the necessity of management and conservation of these coasts. The aim of this study is management of the coastal area by applying NOAA models and Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI). Physical sensitivity division of coasts has been done based on field surveys and using satellite images and Geographical Information System (GIS). The assessment of physical factors including wave energy, slope and bed substance in the region under study showed that the western parts of Miankale coasts are categorized in the forth class of NOAA classification and the central part of these coasts is regarded in 9B class. Gomishan, Khajeh Nafas, Chalasht and Gorgan Gulf2 are classified as 10D according to NOAA classification. The results of this study indicated that not only physical diversity, including geomorphologic characteristics and the bed substrate of these coasts, is low but also there are sensitive biological resources in the region. For these reasons, if oil pollution occurs, pollutants may remain in coastal areas for a long time. Therefore, more attention should be paid to manage the coastal areas in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1021 - Identification of fatty acid contents and study the effects of environmental factors on their seasonal variations in two dominant gastropods of Chabahar bay
N. Sajjadi P. EghtesadiFatty acid contents and their seasonal variations studied in Nerita textilis and Turbo coronatus, two dominant gastropods of Chabahar bay, in the South east of Iran and northern part of Oman Sea in Indian Ocean. This area provides high rates of primary productivity and MoreFatty acid contents and their seasonal variations studied in Nerita textilis and Turbo coronatus, two dominant gastropods of Chabahar bay, in the South east of Iran and northern part of Oman Sea in Indian Ocean. This area provides high rates of primary productivity and so a diverse food source for mollusks. Environmental factors, including temperature, chlorophyll a and salinity measured monthly and their effects on fatty acids variations considered by statistical analysis. By Gas Chromatography twelve and fifteen fatty acids identified in Nerita textilis andTurbo coronatus, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids dominated over saturated ones in Nerita textilis and oleic acid was the major fatty acid, while saturated fatty acids were dominants in Turbo coronatus and the major fatty acid was palmitic acid. Statistical analysis showed correlation of oleic acid with temperature, gadoleic acid with chlorophyll a and margaric acid with salinity in Nerita textilis , while salinity was the only environmental factor which showed correlation with lignoceric acid in Turbo coronatus . In conclusion it could be finding that the fatty acid contents might be different and also, there could be different effects of environmental factors on fatty acid variations in two species of a class in a common habitat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1022 - Investigation and Determination of Health Risks of Chrome Heavy Metal in the Wastewater of Firooz Abad River of Tehran Using the Method of Analyzing Fracture States and Its Effects on Environment (EFMEA)
S. A. Jozi H. Kabiri Fard S. Shakouri A. Ahmadi MajdThis study was conducted with the goal of investigating the amount of Chrome heavy metal in Firouz Abad river of Tehran. For this purpose, sampling from water was conducted by determining 5 measurement stations in the river path in the spring, summer and autumn of 2007. MoreThis study was conducted with the goal of investigating the amount of Chrome heavy metal in Firouz Abad river of Tehran. For this purpose, sampling from water was conducted by determining 5 measurement stations in the river path in the spring, summer and autumn of 2007. Analysis of samples was performed using Atomic Absorption method. The results of this study show that the levels of chrome metal measured in the third, fourth and fifth stations with the averages of 0.503mg/l, 1.29mg/l and 2.62mg/l, respectively are above the allowed level of chrome in the run-off determined by Environment Preservation Organization (0.5mg/l). In order to estimate the level of environmental risks of chrome in the environment of the affected area, the Environmental Failure Modes and Effects Analysis and its effects on environment was used. For this purpose, a table was first designed based on each station in which chrome concentration was graded within the scores span of 1 to 50 from the respects of risks severity and possible consequences. Then, Risk Priority Number (RPN) was calculated for each station from the product of risks severity in possible consequence. In the stations in which the level of chrome heavy metal was above the standard level, some measures were suggested for minimizing RPN. In this study, the level of environmental risks of this metal was estimated in 5 stations based on RPN as follows: RPN of first station = 2 < RPN of second station = 10 < RPN of thied station = 30 < RPN of forth station = 200 < RPN of fifth station = 450 Due to irrigation of agricultural lands by this river especially vegetable farming and growing summer crops in south of Tehran, the excess concentration of chrome has increased significant absorption of the aforesaid heavy metal in plants which its consequence is the entrance of this metal to food chain and its bad effects on human. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1023 - Investigating relationship between silver carp Mortality and some environmental factors in fish culture ponds of Azadegan Farming Complex
S. Abdollahi M. Khodadadi R. Peyghan E. RajabzadehIn the present study within nine months (from January to September) water of Azadegan freshwater ponds was sampled in every 15 days intervals (2 times monthly). Samples were taken from 4 ponds in which 3 ponds had mortality history and one pond was considered as control MoreIn the present study within nine months (from January to September) water of Azadegan freshwater ponds was sampled in every 15 days intervals (2 times monthly). Samples were taken from 4 ponds in which 3 ponds had mortality history and one pond was considered as control. Determination of physicochemical factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite and total phosphorus were performed and also recognition and counting of phytoplankton was done by using slide chamber and invert microscope. In this study a total of 28 genera belonging to 4 phyla of phytoplankton such as green algae (Chlorophyta), blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) , Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) and (Euglenophyta) were recognized. Most abundant phytoplankton was belonged to Cyanophyta phylum. But Chlorophyta phylum had the most variety of the genera. The one-way ANOVA test showed that there is no significant difference between phytoplankton densities in ponds. The mean NO2 concentration in wintering ponds was 0.12±0.19 that changed significantly during the season. In culture ponds the physico-chemical factors such as oxygen, pH, temperature, ammonia, nitrite and TP had changed significantly during the study. In culture ponds, the oxygen, temperature, pH, nitrite and ammonia ranges were 6-8 mg/l, 24-31 ْC, 8.5-9.2, 0.38-0.01 mg/l, 2.25-0.2 mg/l respectively. During the present study three spicies of cyanobacteria namely, Phormidium sp. , Aphanizomenon sp. and Oscillatoria sp. were identified which some other studies showed them as potential toxic or in the case of heavy bloom of Oscillatoria, there has been massive fish mortality in the ponds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1024 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Balaroud Dam of Khuzestan`s construction Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
S. A. Jozi S. M. Hosseini M. Tabib ShoshtareThis study attempts to determine and assess the Risks due Construction of Balaroud Dam.After the recognition of the activities and the environment of the field under the study with regard to the magnitude of the effects, the likelihood of the possible consequences for h MoreThis study attempts to determine and assess the Risks due Construction of Balaroud Dam.After the recognition of the activities and the environment of the field under the study with regard to the magnitude of the effects, the likelihood of the possible consequences for humans, the environment and the working equipments were identified and the classification of the risks based on the delfi method was conducted and the risk-creating factors were classified naturally, biophysically, and anthropogenically. The methodology used was analytical Hierarchy Process. After the creation of the hierarchy of risks; paired comparison matrices were formed with regard to the risk of danger and effect magnitude. Moreover, to obtain the relative and final weight of each of these factors, preferences amounts were given to the expert choice software. results show that cut and fills with the final weight of 0. 277 is the most import risk in the region. Also, drilling and explosion with the final weights of 0.60 and 0.111 are of second and third priority. Other factors are lower in priority. Measures to control and reduce risks are alsoprovided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1025 - پذیرش فناوری تولید پیشرفته و سبز: طبقه بندی و مرور
سعید توکلی مقدم -
Open Access Article
1026 - پذیرش فناوری تولید پیشرفته و سبز: طبقه بندی و مرور
سعید توکلی مقدم -
Open Access Article
1027 - طراحی و تجزیه تحلیل تجربی سیستم های Aircraft Air Distribution
محمدرضا افقری محمد ابوالحسنی مقدم علی ضیایی -
Open Access Article
1028 - انتخاب تکنولوژی بازیافت گازهای پالایشگاه های گاز با در نظر گرفتن شرایط دینامیک عملیات
ابوالقاسم نوبختی صدیق رئیسی کاوه خلیلی دامغانی رویا سلطانیسوزاندن گازهای نامرغوب در پالایشگاه ها سبب آلودگی زیست محیطی با ترکیبات نیتروژن و گوگرد و گازهای گلخانه ای و هیدروکربن های نسوخته می شود و با تلفات انرژی حرارتی همراه است. حفظ محیط زیست و تعهد به پیمان های جهانی سبب شده است تا انتخاب یکی از دو تکنولوژی رایج هدف تحقیق حا Moreسوزاندن گازهای نامرغوب در پالایشگاه ها سبب آلودگی زیست محیطی با ترکیبات نیتروژن و گوگرد و گازهای گلخانه ای و هیدروکربن های نسوخته می شود و با تلفات انرژی حرارتی همراه است. حفظ محیط زیست و تعهد به پیمان های جهانی سبب شده است تا انتخاب یکی از دو تکنولوژی رایج هدف تحقیق حاضر شود تا گزینه ای معرفی شود که با کمترین از کارافتادگی، سبب بیشینه حفاظت از محیط زیست شود. چالش اصلی در انجام این تحقیق وابستگی از کارافتادگی گزینه ها به شرایط عملیاتی فشار و درجه حرارت و نبود اطلاعات تجربی ناشی از عدم تجربه عملی به کارگیری آنها است. برای این منظور، از روش آنالیز درخت خطا برای تعیین سناریوهای از کارافتادگی هر گزینه در حالت های مختلف استفاده شده و با بهره گیری از روش استنتاج فازی احتمال عدم از کارافتادگی هر تکنولوژی محاسبه شده است. همچنین این پژوهش حدود استانداردی را برای مقادیر فشار و دما مشخص می کند که به مهندسین طراح این امکان را می دهد تا تصمیمی در مورد طراحی مجدد یا تحت کنترل درآوردن فشار و دما اتخاذ کنند. اطلاعات مورد نیاز این پژوهش از یکی از پالایشگاههای جنوب کشور استخراج شده است. نتایج نشان داد که گزینه سیستم سیل درام به طور متوسط 8 درصد نسبت به سیستم شیر سریع مناسب تر عمل می کند و می تواند تحت سناریوهای بحرانی فشار و دما بعتر عمل کند و به عنوان گزینه برتر برای فلرینگ معرفی شده است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1029 - ارزیابی شکست بازار در انعکاس ناکارایی زیستمحیطی (مطالعه موردی: بازار خودروهای متداول در ایران
مجید احمدیان زهرا عابدی حمیدرضا غفارزاده الهه کاشف -
Open Access Article
1030 - The Impact of Corruption on Environmental Tehran Stock Exchange
Rahela Shah Badaghi Majid Moradi Dawood GurjizadehAbstractCorruption is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon with multiple causes and effects, ranging from an individual act (such as bribery) to a pervasive act that encompasses all elements of the political and economic system. Despite the complexity, difficulty and MoreAbstractCorruption is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon with multiple causes and effects, ranging from an individual act (such as bribery) to a pervasive act that encompasses all elements of the political and economic system. Despite the complexity, difficulty and sensitivity of dealing with this complication, in recent years, extensive studies have been conducted to measure corruption, explain the reasons for committing such criminal activity and provide deterrent solutions by the international community. The purpose of this study was the impact of corruption on the environmental sustainability of companies. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2016 and 2020. 107 companies are selected by eliminated systematic method as sample. As data nature, this is a kind of quantitative study and as purpose, this is a kind of applied study. Jarque-Bra test is done for normality testing. Regression significance and coefficient significance tests are considered in order to investigate significance in regression pattern. Heterogenity, F-limer and Husman tests are considered as regression pre-test as well. The results showed that financial corruption affects the environmental sustainability of companies. The impact of corruption on environmental sustainability varies between large and small companies. The impact of corruption on environmental sustainability varies in companies with high and low financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1031 - A Survey of Iran’s place between Middle Eastern and Central Asia countries according to economic and environmental indexes of MDG
Javad Salahi Yashar TarverdiConspicuously enough, UN-MDG (Millennium Development Goals) indexes cover the various aspects of economic development in countries. Indeed, MDGs are collection from the World Bank and the IMF indexes which were used for monitoring economics status and every member of th MoreConspicuously enough, UN-MDG (Millennium Development Goals) indexes cover the various aspects of economic development in countries. Indeed, MDGs are collection from the World Bank and the IMF indexes which were used for monitoring economics status and every member of the UN is subjected to report the required data in former designed format and frequency. Furthermore reported data and usage of indexes provide tremendous chance to compare the countries with each other. In the year 2002, Iran has adopted a strategic vision named “Iran 1202” which is suggested that Iran is going to be the 1 st country in the ME and CA region in economic, social, cultural aspects. BY using almost 20 years long data of MDG indexes and the use of ADF and ARIMA time series models the index values of countries in 2012 are estimated and in the result by ranking Iran position among Middle Eastern and central Asian countries in the year 2012 is forecasted. Due to lack of data in some indexes a combination of graphical trend analysis and ARIMA models are used. In conclusion in the year 2012 Iran would be in the 2 high rank countries in the 1 st ,2 nd , 7 th goals of MDG. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1032 - The position of environmental security concept in international and global security
Seyed Amin Habibi Daydokht Sadeghi Haghighi Kayhan BarzegarThe crisis of climate change is a new threat to humanity, which has led to the emergence of the concept of environmental security. Historical and technological developments, as well as the process of globalization, have led to the emergence of the concept of global secu MoreThe crisis of climate change is a new threat to humanity, which has led to the emergence of the concept of environmental security. Historical and technological developments, as well as the process of globalization, have led to the emergence of the concept of global security versus international security. each of the two concepts of international and global security have a different attitude towards the issue of the environment. Differences in identifying the type of security issues, diversity in security elements, differences in attitude towards threat and anti-threat factors. It is possible to explain more practical why and how these distinctions are made in international security with the help of rationalist approach and liberalism theories, as well as in global security with the help of normative approach and constructive theory. diversity in decision-making and adoption of strategies in global politics regarding the climate-changes, caused by the distinction in the position of environmental security in each of the two macro-security approaches in international relations. This research aims to achieve a practical definition of each of these concepts by explaining the semantic boundaries of international and global security with environmental security, international and global to formulate the concept of environmental security, so that he can answer his main question: what is the position of environmental security in international and global security? Answered, and to prove his hypothesis based on the ontological connection of global security with environmental security and the marginality of environmental security in security issues in international security, pay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1033 - Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on International Security
Masoud AKHAVAN KAZEMI Tayebeh Sadat Hoseini Fereshteh BahramipoorToday, environmental concerns, has become a serious security question in international relations and created a major inquietude for statesmen and policy makers. Since environmental problems caused by climate change are becoming more serious, it would transform to an inf MoreToday, environmental concerns, has become a serious security question in international relations and created a major inquietude for statesmen and policy makers. Since environmental problems caused by climate change are becoming more serious, it would transform to an influential variable in internal or international conflicts. Climate changes not only destroy human natural habitats but also disrupt social arrangements and increase the likelihood of violent conflicts and endanger peace and international security and affect the environmental justice. The aim of this study is to identify threats and environmental factors resulting from climate changes and analyze their effects on peace and security in the international system. The findings of this study suggest that future climate changes have un undeniable impact on national integration of societies and on the peace and stable security in the international system and will cause the new types of disputes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1034 - Iran Common Hydro-Politics Challenges with Iraq & Afghanistan: The Case Study of Hirmand/Helmand & Arvand/Shatt Al-Arab From 2001 - 2010
Hamid Pishgah Hadian Alireza Hejazi Abstract The research aiming to analyze, describe water interactions between Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan from 2001 to 2010. International Security process depends on variety of Independent Variables. Water is one of those Strategic parameters. Indeed, Water can play More Abstract The research aiming to analyze, describe water interactions between Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan from 2001 to 2010. International Security process depends on variety of Independent Variables. Water is one of those Strategic parameters. Indeed, Water can play as a fundamental source of peace, security & conflict among UN member states foreign policy. Nonetheless, U.S. is Iran's neighbor after Mexico and Canada inside occupied Afghanistan and Iraq. Is it a threat? Water scarcity in a region can generate variety of insecurities. Global threads like dust storms, drug, HIV Aids, terrorism, pollution, poverty and environmental crisis, can travel easily around the world and moving across national borders. In opposition, human security paradigm, introduce variety of different type of security, like economical, political, social, health, personal, environmental security. Human security has not any link with weapon. "Human security entails basic material needs, human dignity, Human security describes a condition of existence in which basic material needs are met and in which human dignity, including meaningful participation in the life of the community, can be met". Promoting basin wide human security, not only, for Iran's people, but also for neighbors, would bring peace, security and stability Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1035 - Interaction and Contrast of International Environmental Law and International Nuclear Energy Law in Nuclear Accident in Fukushima Power Plant
Hojjat Salimi TurkamaniAlthough nowadays, nuclear energy has significant role in energy secure at international level, the risk of nuclear accidents due to inefficient nuclear safety and its negative environmental impact is one of the major challenges facing the development of nuclear energy. MoreAlthough nowadays, nuclear energy has significant role in energy secure at international level, the risk of nuclear accidents due to inefficient nuclear safety and its negative environmental impact is one of the major challenges facing the development of nuclear energy. The main issue is this weather international nuclear law is compatible with international environment law in the context of safety regime? and what mechanisms observe on respect of fundamental environment norms in nuclear activities? Assessing Provisions of international documents on nuclear energy implies attention of nuclear safety regime to the principles of international environmental law. However, in spite of promotion of nuclear safety regime, occurrence of nuclear accident in Fukushima power plant in 2011 in Japan showed that by now international environmental law and international nuclear energy law are not factually compatible in approaching to sustainable development. Actualizing of environmental principals included in international nuclear law and technology transferring from developed countries to developing counties based on article 4 of NPT could be positive step in declining of negative environmental effects of probable nuclear accidents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1036 - Relationships between Species Diversity and Biomass in Mountainous Habitats in Zagros Rangeland (Case Study: Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran)
Bakhtiar Fattahi Mohammad Ali Zare chahouki Mohammad Jafari Hossein Azarnivand Pejman Tahmasebi -
Open Access Article
1037 - Determining Timely Entry and Exit of Livestock in Rangelands Using Bromus tomentellus Phenological Stages (Case Study: Goorab Rangeland of Isfahan)
Maryam Gholami Mostafa Saeedfar -
Open Access Article
1038 - Transformational Change in Environmental and Natural Resource Management
John Leake -
Open Access Article
1039 - Predicting the Distribution of Leucanthemum Vulgare Lam. Using Logistic Regression in Fandoghlou Rangelands of Ardabil Province, Iran
Ardavan Ghorbani Sahar Samadi Khangah Mehdi Moameri Javad Esfanjani -
Open Access Article
1040 - Prediction of Distribution of Prangos Uloptera DC. Using Two Modeling Techniques in the Southern Rangelands of Ardabil Province, Iran
Javad Esfanjani Ardavan Ghorbani Mehdi Moameri Mohammad Ali Zarechahouki Abazar Esmali Ouri Amir Mirzaei Mossivand -
Open Access Article
1041 - What Drives Ranchers’ Intention to Conserve Rangelands: The Role of Environmental Concern (A Case Study of Angoshteh Watershed in Borujerd County, Iran)
Saeid Karimi Amir Saghaleini -
Open Access Article
1042 - Effects of Soil and Topography Variables on Canopy Cover of Dorema ammoniacum D.Don. in Soltan Mohammad Rangeland, Sabzevar, Iran
Alireza Arian Majid Dashti -
Open Access Article
1043 - Investigation on Effects of Environmental and Soil Factors on Establishment of Vegetation Types (Case Study: Sabzdasht, Bafgh)
Majid Sadeghinia Mohammad Jafari Ghavamodin Zahedi Amiri Naser Baghestani Maybodi Ali Tavili -
Open Access Article
1044 - Climatic and Environmental Reconstruction Based on Stable Isotopes of Parishan Lake (Iran)
D. Noorollahi H. Lashkari M. Amirzade Gh. Azizi S. Sharafi -
Open Access Article
1045 - Effect of Environmental and Management Factors on Atriplex Freshness and Growth (Case Study: Hossein Abad Hapeshloo, Shahriyar, Iran).
Masoomeh Abbasi Khalaki Mehdi Moameri Ali Tavili Mohammad Jafari -
Open Access Article
1046 - The design of the optimal model of electronic resources management in the refah bank
Mehrzad sarfarazi Gholamreza memarzadeh Tehran Sayyed Mahdi alvani Mohammadail afshar kazemivBackground and Objective: Human resource electronic management is one of the ways to implement human resource strategies, policies and operations related to human resources in organizations. The purpose of this research is to provide a model for optimizing the establish MoreBackground and Objective: Human resource electronic management is one of the ways to implement human resource strategies, policies and operations related to human resources in organizations. The purpose of this research is to provide a model for optimizing the establishment of human resources electronic management in the banking system of Iran (Case study: Refah headquarters). Methodology: The present research is an applied research, the purpose of exploratory research, the quantitative and qualitative data types, and the method of implementation in the field and the questionnaire and interviewing tool. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were approved. The statistical population of this research consisted of all managers and staff of the headquarters of the Bank of Welfare. The sample was selected by the Cochran formula and 277 employees and managers of the Bank of Welfare. The statistical methods of hidden markup chain optimization were used to analyze the data. These statistical tests were performed by soft content. Findings: There are six categories of important factors in the optimal deployment of human resource management in the Bank of Welfare, which include organizational, environmental (government), process, cultural, technological and personal factors. Also, the results indicate that at the Welfare Bank With processor factors of 23/708, organizational factors of 10/603, technological factors 12/652, environmental factors 11/6/11, cultural factors 15/198, individual factors 6/663 The optimization of the establishment of human resources electronic management would be optimal. Results: The results showed that individual factors influenced the Islamic attitude of employees and then, in order of process, cultural, technological, cultural, environmental and organizational factors, in the establishment of optimal management of human resources electronic resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1047 - Investigating the Relationship between Factors Affecting Organizational Entrepreneurship Strategy (Case Study: Companies Covered by Iran Mines and Minerals Development and Renovation Organization)
abbas ziaeikia Ali jahangiri javad mehrabi Ali DavariThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between factors affecting entrepreneurship strategy. The present study is of developmental and applied purpose and is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this resea MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between factors affecting entrepreneurship strategy. The present study is of developmental and applied purpose and is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research consisted of affiliated companies of Iran Mineral Development and Renovation Organization (Imidro) and sampling method in this research was 36 of them. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated 0.71 by Cronbach's alpha. SPSS software was used for analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the construct validity of the measuring instruments using PLS software. The results showed that out of 13 relationships, 9 were confirmed. And all relationships have a positive direction. (P <0.05). The findings show that the independent variable of external stimuli is not directly influenced by individual and organizational outcomes, but has been able to have a significant effect on strategic perspective and entrepreneurial orientation and behavior. The independent variable of entrepreneurial cognition influences individual and organizational outcomes And it has a significant impact on strategic vision, organizational architecture and entrepreneurial orientation and behavior. Of the three intermediate dependent variables (Strategic Perspective, Organizational Architecture and Entrepreneurial Behavior and Behavior), the two variables of Organizational Architecture and Entrepreneurial Behavior and Behavior affect Individual and Organizational Outcomes (P <0.05) and Strategic Perspective on Individual and Organizational Outcomes. It has been ineffective The strategic perspective has a positive impact on organizational architecture, which means that the strategic perspective indirectly influences the results. These are indicative of the fact that in the structure of the firms under study, corporate strategies are not embedded in the concept of organizational entrepreneurship. The second point that emerges from this research is that entrepreneurial culture does not exist in companies and if it is the case, individually or individually, that entrepreneurial activity is undertaken independently, it is spontaneous. Another issue we have come up with as a result of this research, and perhaps the root of many of the problems and failures of recent years in companies that are state-owned or state-owned or all of their stocks, is that despite the fact that Managers and executives seem to agree with entrepreneurial and innovative activities, but this is still a slogan and in practice they do not believe in entrepreneurship and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1048 - The effect of international marketing on the improving export performance of exporting companies (case study: exporting companies)
MItra Tavassoli Naser AzadThe effect of international marketing on improving export performance of exporting companies (case study: exporting companies).An improving export performance is one of the methods that ensure continued growth and survival in international markets. The aim of this study MoreThe effect of international marketing on improving export performance of exporting companies (case study: exporting companies).An improving export performance is one of the methods that ensure continued growth and survival in international markets. The aim of this study is effect of the international marketing on the consumer orientation and improving the export performance of exporting companies. The statistical population of managers, deputies, administrators and experts of the exporting companies were in Tehran city, 168 of whom participated in a random sampling method in the study.. The study methodology is descriptive-survey. The measures of study are customer orientation, behavioral commitment, communication, export performance (profit, payment and complaint), firm size, environmental ambiguity and communication duration. The reliability, face, content and construct validity are evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed acceptable validity and reliability. For data analysis, path analysis with LIsrel software is used. The effect of customer orientation on behavioral commitment ,communication was positive and significant. The effect of communication on behavioral commitment and export performance (profit, payment, complaint) was positive and significant. The behavioral commitment and behavioral commitment had positive and significant mediating role in customer orientation and improvement of export performance (profit, payment and complaint).. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1049 - The Impact of Supply Chain Quality Management Operations and Capabilities on Operational Performance and Innovation Mediated by Environmental Performance
mehrnaz bahramzad Mostafa MoballeghiWhereas the first goal of supply chain is creating satisfaction for the needs of customers in the supply process as well as generating profit for the supply chain themselves; And also, we know the supply chain is an important and vital part of a company’s survival MoreWhereas the first goal of supply chain is creating satisfaction for the needs of customers in the supply process as well as generating profit for the supply chain themselves; And also, we know the supply chain is an important and vital part of a company’s survival and can operate the same in similar companies. So, companies share the same units in the supply chain and as a result, as have mentioned, they reduce their costs and increase customer satisfaction. Supply chain quality management indicators are involved in various factors, including operational performance and innovation, and various studies have been conducted to prove the way and their impact. Each of these components can be affected by other factors and be strengthened or weakened, the way it has not been studied so far. In this article, an attempt has been made to impact of supply chain quality management operations and innovation mediated by environmental performance. Finally, the question of how environmental performance is effective on operational performance and innovation is answered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1050 - Analysis of the effect of environmental components on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry
Meysam Saniefar Seyed Reza Salehiamiri Mehdi Elyasi Mehran Mokhtari Bayekolaie Seyed Abdollah Sajadijagharghthe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of environmental components on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistic Morethe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of environmental components on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study was small and medium business managers in the petrochemical industry. Questionnaires of this research were distributed among 39 managers in this field. The validity of pre-distribution research tools by professors and experts in the field of validation management as well as convergent validity has been calculated using the confirmatory factor analysis model and its reliability has been calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SMART PLS software using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Findings showed that environmental components have significant and positive effects on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. The findings also showed that the components of political / legal environment, economic environment, cultural / social environment and technological environment have a significant impact on the development of small and medium businesses in the petrochemical industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1051 - Explaining the Pattern of Measuring the Environmental Uncertainty and Its Effect on the Fluctuation of Companies' Financial Characteristics
sadegh yousefnezhad Farzaneh HeydarpoorAbstract Environmental uncertainty refers to the unpredictability and complexity of factors surrounding the company that can affect the company's operations, strategy, and results. Companies must navigate this uncertainty to make informed decisions and effectively adap MoreAbstract Environmental uncertainty refers to the unpredictability and complexity of factors surrounding the company that can affect the company's operations, strategy, and results. Companies must navigate this uncertainty to make informed decisions and effectively adapt to changing circumstances. The main goal of this research is to explain a model for measuring companies' environmental uncertainty from the perspective of theoretical foundations and experimental research. For this purpose, using the statistical method of principal components analysis, among several criteria, a suitable criterion is selected for each component of environmental uncertainty, and in the next step, by weighting each component, the degree of environmental uncertainty of each company is measured. Then the effect of this variable is tested with the fluctuation of financial characteristics of companies. In this regard, the data of 131 companies were extracted, and multivariate regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. The obtained results show that with the increase of environmental uncertainty, the fluctuation of profitability, fluctuation of cash and fluctuation of debt cost of companies increases. Because in the conditions of environmental uncertainty, companies face challenges in accurately predicting demand, pricing and future costs, which can affect their profit margins, cash holdings and debt costs. In addition, the increase in environmental uncertainty has no significant relationship with the increase in the fluctuation of stock returns, the fluctuation of financial leverage, and the fluctuation of dividends paid by companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1052 - The Effect of Environmental Uncertainty on Earnings Persistence
پگاه معتمدی ید اله تاری وردیAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Environmental Uncertainty on Earnings persistence of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The coefficient of variation (CV) of sales (scaled by total assets) to capture environmental uncertainty. &nbs MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Environmental Uncertainty on Earnings persistence of listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The coefficient of variation (CV) of sales (scaled by total assets) to capture environmental uncertainty. For this purpose one hypothesis developed and data on the 108 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1390 to 1398 were analyzed. The number of data collected for this study is 972 years-firm. The regression panel data with fixed effects approach, reviews and tests. The results showed that the concentration of Environmental Uncertainty has significant negative impact on Earnings Response Coefficient. Therefore, the research results indicate that Environmental uncertainty, by creating serious restrictions for the company and Makes information asymmetry between management and stakeholders more acute it Earnings persistence reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1053 - The Relationship between Environmental Uncertainties and Current Stock Return
Bahareh Armat Mohsen DastgirThe present study attempts at investigating the fact that how environmental uncertainties affect on firms' performance and profitability and what is the relationship between smoothed incomes and current stock return in the firms operating in uncertain environments. It i MoreThe present study attempts at investigating the fact that how environmental uncertainties affect on firms' performance and profitability and what is the relationship between smoothed incomes and current stock return in the firms operating in uncertain environments. It is generally assumed that environmental uncertainties negatively affect firms’ performance and profitability. Therefore, to prevent their negative effects, managers attempt at smoothing reported incomes. Income smoothing creates harmony and consistency in income growth rate and increases the efficiency of future incomes’ prediction. As a result, current stock return is affected. In the research presented here, data is investigated annually for the time interval since 1385(2006) till 1389(2010). To test hypotheses, three multivariate regression models are employed To calculate discretionary accruals, model of Kothari et al is used. Furthermore, coefficient of variation of sales was considered as a criterion for environmental uncertainty of firms belonged to our studied sample. Findings indicate that environmental uncertainty creates many fluctuations in firms’ performance and profitability and to avoid its negative consequences, managers perform reported income smoothing using discretionary accruals and smoothed incomes have a significant relationship with current stock returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1054 - بررسی تاثیر پیچیدگی و عدم اطمینان محیطی برصحت پیش بینی سود مدیریت با تاکید بر کیفیت حسابرسی به عنوان متغیر میانجی
زینب محمدیان مهدی حیدری پری چالاکی -
Open Access Article
1055 - Management and Environmental Assessment of Simultaneous Production of Solar Electricity and Heat (Case Study: Sar Agha Seyed Rural Health Center)
Mashallah Valikhani Dehaghani Mohsen Khalili Samani Daryosh Mohamadi Janaki -
Open Access Article
1056 - The Effects of Electricity Boiler on Integrated CCHP-Thermal-Heat Only Unit Commitment Problem Based on Hybrid GA Approach
Mohammad Esmaeil Nazari -
Open Access Article
1057 - The Role of outdoor advertising (billboards, television urban) on the participation of citizens in the implementation of the blue sky, the earth clean
Amir Fallah Somayeh Tajik IsmaeiliThis research has been conducted to examine the role of environmental advertising (billboards and urban television) on the participation of citizens in the implementation of a blue sky and clean land. The theoretical foundations of this research are based on persuasion MoreThis research has been conducted to examine the role of environmental advertising (billboards and urban television) on the participation of citizens in the implementation of a blue sky and clean land. The theoretical foundations of this research are based on persuasion ideas, the theory of audience dependence, the Cohen socialization theory, the theory of cultural habits and the theory of highlighting, according to which, and finally, the theory of excellence and persuasion theories were presented collectively as the theory that the goals and The hypotheses and the research model are based on it. This research is a survey with the purpose of applying and using the method of researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed through cluster sampling method and distributed through the Cochran formula between 300 residents of Tehran, aged 18-60 years old, from five districts of north, south, east, west and center of Tehran. Cronbach's alpha test showed that the main indexes of this research have high reliability coefficients. The statistical techniques used are the frequency distribution table, columnar and circular graphs, central statistics and dispersion, correlation between variables, and bivariate regression, f test and t test, which was performed with SPSS software. The dependent variable is the citizenship participation research and the independent variable of that environmental advertisement. Findings show that highlighting, content and diversity of promotional messages affect citizen participation and have the greatest impact on the variable of message diversity. City billboards and televisions change the attitudes and insights of individuals and change their behavior according to the proposed pattern of clean blue sky. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1058 - Investigation Of The Relationship Between The Structure Of Public Buildings And changes The Psychological Security Of Residents
Jafar Yousefpour Mehdi Mahmoudi kamel abad Siyamak PanahiThis study seeks to revisit the structure and architecture relationship to enhance architects' understanding, human perception, and human security by recounting the operating system process for resolving the relationship between architecture and architecture, and to try MoreThis study seeks to revisit the structure and architecture relationship to enhance architects' understanding, human perception, and human security by recounting the operating system process for resolving the relationship between architecture and architecture, and to try to explain structural concepts in order to better understand them. Human perception of the environment is one of the most central issues in environmental psychology and a sense of security is a social-psychological phenomenon. They are a process by which human beings select the necessary data based on their needs and direct and indirect experiences of the conditions of the environment around them. Without knowing the effective factors, it will not be possible to provide a sense of social security for people in the community. Was. Architects have always faced the problem of not understanding structural concepts, because concepts that can be applied to the structure of an applied architecture do not exist or are scattered. In this descriptive-analytical research, a survey was conducted with a sample of 78 experts and a sample of 78 people. The results showed that the stability and resistance to psychological and physical security, physical security technology, The geometry of safety, the balance of social security, the integration of physical security, the compatibility of psychological security cannot be demonstrated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1059 - Investigating environmental behavior with an emphasis on material consumerism lifestyle (Tehran citizens)
farzaneh farhadian babadi alireza mohsenitabrizi mostafa azkiaTehran is facing environmental issues. To solve this problem, it is necessary to investigate the lifestyle and daily habits of the citizens. Based on this, the purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between lifestyle with emphasis on material consump MoreTehran is facing environmental issues. To solve this problem, it is necessary to investigate the lifestyle and daily habits of the citizens. Based on this, the purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between lifestyle with emphasis on material consumption and environmental behavior. The theoretical framework of the research is Veblen's ostentatious consumption theory. This research is based on a quantitative approach and a survey method and questionnaire collection tool. The statistical population includes residents of eight districts of Tehran. The sample size based on Cochran's formula was 384 people, and due to the large population of the statistical population, a sample size of 810 people was selected. The data was analyzed using statistical tests. The findings showed that as the lifestyle moves towards materialistic consumption, the amount of supportive environmental behavior decreases. The average environmental behavior of women and men, single and married has a significant difference. And the average shows that more women than men and married people have more supportive environmental behavior than single people. The average of environmental behaviors is different based on age periods and there is no relationship between environmental behavior and education Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1060 - The strategy of the rule of justice in climate change and the guarantee of sustainable human security with an emphasis on the principle of shared but different responsibilities.
Hadi Masoudifar Alireza Arashpoor Masoud Raei DehaghiAmong the general principles of law and progressive scientific rules, the rule of fairness has a prominent value and position, and since this rule has considerable flexibility, it has the ability to be applied in dealing with new issues and challenges of public internat MoreAmong the general principles of law and progressive scientific rules, the rule of fairness has a prominent value and position, and since this rule has considerable flexibility, it has the ability to be applied in dealing with new issues and challenges of public international law. Is. Therefore, while defining the rule of fairness, it is necessary to evaluate the position of this rule in the implementation of international agreements related to the field of international environmental law, and also to analyze the need to protect the environment based on the requirements of public opinion in jurisprudence. Accordingly, in this study, which was conducted inductively and using library studies, while evaluating the application of the rule of justice in ensuring human security, it was found that the rule of justice through the principle of "joint but different responsibility" in the Paris Climate Change Conference Has been exploited. On the other hand, it has been shown that the rule of fairness in international environmental law has led to the introduction of the term "climate justice". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1061 - Development of oil projects scheduling model and modification of project portfolio costs by balancing cost, time, quality and environmental impact objectives and solving it with metahistorical algorithms
Sadegh FeizollahiToday, the use of new methods of project management and scheduling is an inevitable matter in oil projects. On the other hand, in classic scheduling case, the focus is on balance between time and cost of carrying out projects, which in such a situation, one of possible MoreToday, the use of new methods of project management and scheduling is an inevitable matter in oil projects. On the other hand, in classic scheduling case, the focus is on balance between time and cost of carrying out projects, which in such a situation, one of possible solutions to shorten time of implementing project is to accelerate activities. In addition to imposing more costs, this acceleration can also affect the quality of performance and environmental effects. Therefore, in this study, the environmental effects and the quality of the activities were also considered as new indicators the cost-time balancing issue of the project. A new mathematical model with four indicators; cost, time, performance quality and environmental effects are provided. Unlike the traditional models in which only one execution mode was considered to perform the activities and one type of prerequisite relationship between the activities, the execution modes of the activities are multi-mode and the dependency relationships between the activities are generalized from the type of prerequisite relationships and including these types of relationships, brings the issue closer to the real world. Because the problem is NP-hard in large dimensions, meta-heuristic algorithms were used to solve the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1062 - Presenting a Model of Insurance_Linked Securitisation using Fuzzy Delphi method and Dematel Technique in Iranian Environmental Conditions
Mahshid Peyvandi mehdi Zeynali mehdi Salehi Ali Paytakhti Oskooe Younes Badavar NahandiPresenting a Model of Insurance_Linked Securitisation using Fuzzy Delphi method and Dematel Technique in Iranian Environmental ConditionsAbstractInsurance_Linked Securities are one of the financial risk management tools. Insurance_Linked Securitiesh has helped to expand MorePresenting a Model of Insurance_Linked Securitisation using Fuzzy Delphi method and Dematel Technique in Iranian Environmental ConditionsAbstractInsurance_Linked Securities are one of the financial risk management tools. Insurance_Linked Securitiesh has helped to expand the capacity of the reinsurance market, and because Insurance_Linked Securities performance is considered to be uncorrelater with the economic cycle, they provid helpful diversification for investment portfolios. With the publish of insurance securities, it is possible to move in the direction of diverse development of the financial services industry. Therefore, the present study was conducted to review and develop a model of insurance securitisation in Iran.The present study is a type of exploratory researches. Therefore, experts and commentators in insurance securities were interviewed. Second, based on the theme analysis, the content of the interviews was analysed, and a proposed model was developed. The extracted indicators were validated using the Fuzzy Delphi method. In the next step The model of communication between factors in insurance securities was designed.using Fuzzy Dematel method.Keywords: Insurance Linked Securitisation model, Iran’s environmental conditions, theme analysis, reinsurance. Catastrophic Insurance Bonds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1063 - The Impact of Educational-Therapeutic Facilities with Interior Space Patterns Designed Using Environmental Psychology Approach on Vitality of Clients (Case Study: Taban Diabetes Center)
Elahe Shahi Ardestani Jamaleddin SoheiliWith industrialization of cities and incorporation of new technologies into modern life, humans have been driven towards sedentary lifestyles, which has, in turn, led to emergence and intensification of dangerous health problems such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, MoreWith industrialization of cities and incorporation of new technologies into modern life, humans have been driven towards sedentary lifestyles, which has, in turn, led to emergence and intensification of dangerous health problems such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and … which is followed by increasing reference to therapeutic and educational centers. Architects have introduced environmental psychology as an effective tool to alleviate the anxiety caused by attending educational and therapeutic centers and have investigated the effects of its components on training and recovery of clients. The population of the present study included some educational-therapeutic centers and the required data were collected from relevant library documents and texts. Speaking of methodology, the present research falls into the category of correlational and inductive reasoning studies. The results suggest that incorporation of environmental factors such as nature and green space, light and illumination and scenery into educational-therapeutic environments for the purpose of improving education, empowerment and self-care principles can have positive effects on temperament of clients and consequently create a sense of vitality and belonging ( as the basic premise of the present article) in addition to reducing the disease progression rate and its complications which could in turn contribute to the disease control, this approach can create a sense of peace of mind in clients and help them return to society. Therefore, the results indicate that some architectural design patterns used in educational-therapeutic centers can not only meet some needs of clients, but can provide the ground for their social interactions and create a sense of vitality in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1064 - From the Right to the City to Sustainable Urban Development: Education and Culture as the Basis of Creating Child-Friendly Cities
Sajjad MohammadyarzadehIt seems useless to discuss about urban sustainable development and the approaches towards this end, like Child Friendly City (CFC) before understanding its intellectual foundations and internalizing it in the society and it looks like an 8-year-old child who has not ye MoreIt seems useless to discuss about urban sustainable development and the approaches towards this end, like Child Friendly City (CFC) before understanding its intellectual foundations and internalizing it in the society and it looks like an 8-year-old child who has not yet learned writing and reading well but enters 4th or 5th grades of primary school which will results in his/her failure. Therefore, if one seeks realization of sustainable urban development focusing on realization of children’s rights in urban environments, he/she needs to establish a relationship between concept of right to the city by “Henri Lefebvre” and urban sustainable development in order to reach an applicable plan through this relation and true understanding of the problem for realization of child friendly city. In this article which has a qualitative nature in terms of methodology, the researcher has tried to present applicable principles for realization of child friendly city approach in Iranian cities focusing on theoretical framework and analysis of experiments of successful countries for creating child friendly city through inductive reasoning. According to this study, four basic principles may be proposed for realization of child friendly city, i.e. avoiding to have a one-dimensional approach to creation of a child friendly city and formulating applicable plans and strategies with interdisciplinary approach, recognizing education as the basis and foundation of development, prioritizing local culture in creating child friendly cities, considering city as an educational laboratory where a child can both learn and experience what he/she learns simultaneously (harmony of education and lived experience). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1065 - The Impact of Environmental Orientation on Financial Performance with Emphasis on the Effects of Supplier Green Management and Communication Capital
مسعود فرح آبادی فرزانه حیدر پورAbstract Recently, research related to environmental management and green supply management has considered environmental motivation as an organizational motivation affecting performance. Such motivations can reflect a combination of organizational motivations, sharehol MoreAbstract Recently, research related to environmental management and green supply management has considered environmental motivation as an organizational motivation affecting performance. Such motivations can reflect a combination of organizational motivations, shareholder motivations, and ethical motivations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of environmental orientation on financial performance with emphasis on the effects of green supplier management and communication capital. The statistical sample consisted of 392 managers and experts of stock exchange companies who were selected using random sampling method. The type of research was applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection with a description of structural equation modeling. Examining the results of the analysis, testing the hypotheses showed that environmental orientation has a positive effect on financial performance. Also, environmental orientation has a positive effect on the green management of the supplier. Analyzes showed that supplier green management has a positive effect on financial performance. Finally, the effect of capital adjustment on the relationship between environmental sustainability orientation and financial performance was accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1066 - The Rle of Islamic Culture and Auditor's Experience in Mutual Fairness and the Quality of Audit in the Iranian Environment
حسین رضا رمضانی کاوه آذین فر حمیدرضا غلام نیا روشن رضا فلاحAbstract Financial crises and the resulting scandals raise the quality of auditing as a challenging and important issue. Examining the factors on audit quality is expected to take an important step in reducing financial crises. Social norms and cultural infrastructure MoreAbstract Financial crises and the resulting scandals raise the quality of auditing as a challenging and important issue. Examining the factors on audit quality is expected to take an important step in reducing financial crises. Social norms and cultural infrastructure are among the auxiliary factors that have been tested empirically (directly and moderately) in the present study. The research method is descriptive-correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of the study consisted of all auditors working in firms of auditors in Iran. According to the unlimited statistical population, with the help of Cochran’s formula, a sample of 384 was obtained and finally, with available sampling, 380 questionnaires were collected. Research tools include innovative questionnaires for activating social norms, audit quality and auditor culture. With the method of standard equations, the fit indices of the research model are in the desired position. The role of culture in the relationship between (activation of social norms and audit quality) is examined. Promoting a commitment to mutual justice strengthens commitment to enforcement. Adherence to performance plays a role in highlighting the implementation of professional conduct and ultimately improves the quality of auditing. It is suggested that culture and social arts be considered as the main axis in predicting audit quality. These findings can be useful for investors, auditing firms and stock market policymakers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1067 - Identifying the Dimentions and Components of Productivity Model (Sample Study: Principals of Secondary Schools in Lorestan Province)
Hojat Falahpuor Ebrahim Pourhosseini Shoja ArabanThe aim of this study was to identify the dimentions and components of productivity model of education managers in Lorestan province. This research has been done in terms of applied purpose and in terms of mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population MoreThe aim of this study was to identify the dimentions and components of productivity model of education managers in Lorestan province. This research has been done in terms of applied purpose and in terms of mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section included 12 experts and in the quantitative section all the principals of the secondary schools in Lorestan province were 411 people. To determine the qualitative sample size by theoretical saturation method and in the quantitative part, from Krejcie-Morgan table, 199 people (102 men and 97 women) were selected as a statistical sample by cluster random sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was assessed by professors and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test and the value was 0.82. SPSS.26 software and lisrel structural equations were used for data analysis. The results of the qualitative section with Delphi panel showed that seven components of motivational factors, managerial factors, environmental factors, empowerment factors, acceptance factors, innovation factors and organizational factors and 62 indicators for principals ' productivity were identified. The results of structural equations also showed that the factor load is motivational factors 0.84, managerial factors 0.79, environmental factors 0.80, empowerment factors 0.72, acceptance factors 0.83, innovation factors 0.69 and organizational factors 0.85. Also, all the estimation indicators of the measurement model indicated a good fit of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1068 - Designing and Evaluating of Knowledge Sharing Model (Sample Study: Education Staff)
Farahmand Zebar Dast Hossein Mehrdad Razia JaliliThe aim of this study was to design and test a knowledge sharing model (a case study among education staff) in which the combined research method was used through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative stage included all university professors MoreThe aim of this study was to design and test a knowledge sharing model (a case study among education staff) in which the combined research method was used through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative stage included all university professors, experts and experts in the field of educational management and administrative staff with education experience, especially experts in the field of knowledge sharing. The statistical sample in this section includes 8 university professors, 4 experts and experts in the field of educational management and 4 The statistical population of this study included a small part of all education administrative staff, which according to the latest statistics and information available in the Deputy of Research and Planning of the General Directorate of Education in In the academic year of 1998-99, a total of 1412 educators were working in administrative positions. The researcher selected a sample of 304 people using a multi-stage cluster method and implemented a researcher-made questionnaire. The researcher based on the criteria extracted from the qualitative stage Amal documents, books, articles and interviews were semi-structured and in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed for the knowledge sharing model among education staff. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1069 - Mathematical Model for Designing the Cultural Center of Tehran with the Approach of Popularity Among People
seyed omid fatemi Behrouz Mansouri -
Open Access Article
1070 - IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF ASIA INSURANCE)
Mahdiyeh Mirzajani Amir Ashkan Nasiripour -
Open Access Article
1071 - Life cycle assessment of peanut production in sole cropping and mixed intercropping with bean systems
Saeed Firouzi Amin NikkhahToday, investigation on the environmental impacts of different cultural systems and determining the optimum cultivation patterns are the noteworthy topics in agricultural sector. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the environmental impacts of pea MoreToday, investigation on the environmental impacts of different cultural systems and determining the optimum cultivation patterns are the noteworthy topics in agricultural sector. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the environmental impacts of peanut) Arachis hypogaea L.( and peanut with bean )Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercrop farming systems using the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique. Primary data were obtained through interviews with 136 farmers in Kiashahr region of Guilan province, Iran. Global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, land use, depletion of fossil resources, depletion of phosphate and potash resources were seven groups involved in this study. The results showed that the NH3 emission had the greatest impact in terms of the acidification and eutrophication in both peanut cultivation systems. The environmental index (EcoX) values of the peanut sole cropping and intercropping with bean were determined as 0.68 and 0.42, respectively. Resource depletion index (RDI) also were calculated as 3.61 and 2.69, for sole and intercropping systems, respectively. Depletion of fossil fuels and terrestrial eutrophication had the greatest environmental impacts in terms of categories and depletion of resources in both cultivation systems. Overall, the environmental impacts of peanut-bean intercropping were less than the peanut sole cropping system in all seven impact categories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1072 - Assessment of the adaptability of 50 Russian grapevine varieties in Iran by Genotype & genotype × environment interaction Biplot (GGE Biplot) method
valiollah rasoli Hame Dolati BanehThis study was carried out to adaptability evaluation of the 50 grapevine varieties introduced from Russia from 2008 to 2013 in the Qazvin and Urmia provinces. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replications. Three superior grapevine MoreThis study was carried out to adaptability evaluation of the 50 grapevine varieties introduced from Russia from 2008 to 2013 in the Qazvin and Urmia provinces. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replications. Three superior grapevine clones of white Bidaneh were as control in both areas. The Corden bilateral training system was used in 2×3.5 m space planning and two vines in each experimental unit in the both areas. Recorded traits were: yield per plant, length and width of berry, total soluble solids of juice (TSS), juice pH, juice titratable acid (TA) and time of harvest. Combined analysis of variance and adaptability analysis was performed on the base of GGE Biplot principal components analysis of the environment scaling method. Statistical analysis was done by GenStat ver.12 computer software. The effects of the environments, varieties and environments × varieties were significant in the combined analysis of variance. The adaptability of Zenbil 13-366 and Ljana was higher than other varieties on the base of yield components in Qazvin. Ruski Ramphi had higher adaptability than other varieties in Urmia region. Yoski biser, Bobili magaracha and Ramphi Izdangareh had the most inappropriate situation on the base of yield components in two areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1073 - Land Suitability for soybean cultivation based on physiographic indices Case Study: Golestan province
Afrough Sadat BaniaghiL Ali Rahemi Karizaki Abbas Biabani Hsan FaramarziThe rapidly growing world population places considerable pressure on increasingly scarce natural resources, spurring the need to develop more efficient and sustainable agricultural production systems to feed these growing populations. this study to evaluate the agricult MoreThe rapidly growing world population places considerable pressure on increasingly scarce natural resources, spurring the need to develop more efficient and sustainable agricultural production systems to feed these growing populations. this study to evaluate the agricultural lands in Golestan province for soybeans, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and weighted linear method (WLC) was performed. For this purpose, the needs of the crop and environmental variable factors were determined and graded and according to current elements prepared required map. Studied Physiographic variables were consisted of slope, aspect, elevation and the soil texture. Data were standardized by fuzzy method, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for weighting the criteria. Finally, soybean cultivation potential map were prepared with using weighted linear combination (WLC) in the software IDRISI The results showed the highest amount weighty criteria by the Analytic Hierarchy Process in the soybean soil texture (0.5228) and elevation whit (0.0765) had the lowest coefficient in the rankings. Then zoning of lands carried out in 4 classes (high suitable, suitable, less suitable and non-suitable Generally results of the weighted linear combination of Physiographic showed that 11.08 and 37.60 percent of the lands for soybean production areas were located in high suitable and suitable zones. In addition, limiting factor of the soybean cultivation in the Golestan province can be cited soil texture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1074 - Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative traits of autumn cultivation sugar beet varieties in Dezful region during two years
Seyed Hamzeh Hosseinian Mohammad Abdollahian Noghbi Naser Majnoon Hoseini Babak BabaeeIn order to evaluate quantitative and qualitative properties of three sugar beet cultivars (HI1059, Palma and Merac), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Center Safiabad in 2011-2012 and 2012-20 MoreIn order to evaluate quantitative and qualitative properties of three sugar beet cultivars (HI1059, Palma and Merac), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Center Safiabad in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. The analysis of simple variance examined showed that in first year among varieties for the bolting, sugar content, alkalinity and white sugar content traits there significant difference, whereas in the second year of potassium, molasses sugar and white sugar content traits were significant differences. The result of the compound analysis in both years the effect year on bolting, sodium, potassium, amino-nitrogen, molasses sugar, white sugar content and extraction coefficient of sugar traits was significant. The result mean bolting (%) in the first year showed that in the HI1059 and Palma cultivars were 32.6% and 51.4%, respectively and in cultivar Merac, did not bolting happen, Whereas in the second year due to the weather moderation and absence of long cold any of the cultivars did not bolt. HI1059 cultivar of the most traits was higher than other cultivars. Depending on the climatic conditions experiment and the cultivation of sugar beet cultivar, there was differences in the number of plants bolting and the degree of their impact on formation and sugar molasses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1075 - A survey on the ecological sustainability of introducing new crops in the cropping pattern using emergy approach
samin fallahinejad mohammad Armin Mohammad AsgharipourEmergy analysis is an appropriate strategy for assessing the sustainability of agricultural production systems in a region. In this study, the sustainability of production of four widely grown crops, including wheat and barley,sugar beet and saffron were compared using MoreEmergy analysis is an appropriate strategy for assessing the sustainability of agricultural production systems in a region. In this study, the sustainability of production of four widely grown crops, including wheat and barley,sugar beet and saffron were compared using emergy approach in Khoushab County, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. The total supporting emergy for wheat, barley, sugar beet and saffron was respectively 2.32E+16, 1.91E+16, 4.95E+16, and 2.04E+16 sej ha-1. The greatest portion of renewable environmental resources were obtained in sugar beet production systems (4.1% of total emergy), and non-renewable environmental resources occurred in barley production systems (55.7% of total emergy). Saffron production systems showed the greatest portion of renewable and non-renewable purchased resources (40.80 and 36.48%). Introduction of saffron and sugar beet as new crops in a given region, compared to wheat and barley as preceding crops in the cropping pattern, caused enhancement in renewable emergy ratio, environmental loading ratio, modified environmental sustainability index, and emergy input ratio, while decreased emergy yield ratio, modified environmental loading ratio, environmental sustainability index, and sustainable development emergy index. Saffron and sugar beet production as new introduced crops to the region resulted in the highest modified environmental sustainability index. Although the environmental loading ratio index of saffron cultivation was higher than other production systems, modified environmental loading ratio was lower than the three other production systems. Therefore, saffron can be recommended as a sustainable crop that has put the lowest pressure on environmental resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1076 - An investigation on ecological properties and range seeding of Thymus trautvetteri Klokov as a medicinal species (Case study: Rangeland of Godali Salakh area in Bojnourd)
Ali mohammad AsaadiThymus trautvetteri, belonging to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal plant in Iran. It has many uses in food, health care, cosmetics and especially in pharmaceutical industries. In order, this plant ecological characteristic for introduce and dense MoreThymus trautvetteri, belonging to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal plant in Iran. It has many uses in food, health care, cosmetics and especially in pharmaceutical industries. In order, this plant ecological characteristic for introduce and dense cultivation on dryland artificial revegetation. This study was executed in rangeland and dryland artificial revegetation from 2018 to 2021 in Bojnourd. In this habitat, different parameters such as climate characters, physical and chemical analysis of the soil were determined. Phenological stages and some plant characteristics such as product, density, canopy cover, plant height and root system were studied. The results indicated that this plant could be adapted for regions with annual rainfall average of 295 mm, annual temperature average of 11.28 c and semiarid- cold climate. The most habitats of Thymus trautvetteri have dispersed in North Slope directions and altitude 1200- 1900 m of sea level in mountainous areas. The soil texture of habitat is mainly sandy loam with the pH=7.8, EC=1.0 ds/m, OC= 2.0% and 27.3% lime. In the site and dryland artificial revegetation, Average of canopy covers and production were 9.29, 61.6% and 227.7, 2465.4 kg in hectare respectively. The results of Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that among environmental factors, sand, silt, organic matter, EC, gravel and Nitrogen had significant correlations with the first set of factors and explained the 28.8% of variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1077 - Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Segorbe
Julien Toillon Julie Robin Maud Thomas Rachid Hamidi -
Open Access Article
1078 - بررسی مشکلات و راهکارهای مدیریت کاربرد سموم کشاورزی جهت دستیابی به توسعه پایدار
نجمه عظیمی زاده عباس پروردر سال های اخیر با توجه به افزایش جمعیت جهان و نیاز به تولید غذای بیشتر، رشد چشمگیری در مصرف آفتکش های شیمیایی در کشورهای توسعه یافته و به ویژه درحال توسعه دیده شده است. گرچه سموم شیمیایی از اجزاء ضروری کشاورزی مدرن است، اما یکی از منابع مهم آلودگی زیست محیطی نیز محسوب Moreدر سال های اخیر با توجه به افزایش جمعیت جهان و نیاز به تولید غذای بیشتر، رشد چشمگیری در مصرف آفتکش های شیمیایی در کشورهای توسعه یافته و به ویژه درحال توسعه دیده شده است. گرچه سموم شیمیایی از اجزاء ضروری کشاورزی مدرن است، اما یکی از منابع مهم آلودگی زیست محیطی نیز محسوب می شوند. مقاوم شدن گونه های آفات و بیماری ها و علف های هرز به سموم شیمیایی، مسمومیت ها، تخریب و فرسایش شدید خاک، آلودگی های آب ها، تاثیر سوء بر موجودات غیر هدف، تهدید سلامت انسان و تخریب محیط زیست از مهم ترین آثار این مواد شیمیایی هستند. در این راستا، مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM) به عنوان یکی از فناوری های حفاظت کننده در کشاورزی پایدار معرفی می شود، این به معنی استفاده صحیح، منطقی و اصولی از آفتکش ها به عنوان ابزاری قدرتمند در کنار سایر روش هاست. بنابراین، باید به حداقل رساندن مصرف سموم شیمیایی، کاهش دوز مصرف سموم و مصرف به موقع آن ها، استفاده از آفت کش های انتخابی، غیرشیمیایی و سازگار با محیط زیست و در نهایت معرفی و بکارگیری شیوه های مدیریت تلفیقی آفات در دستور کار قرار گیرد که این روشی جهت دستیابی به توسعه پایدار در کشاورزی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1079 - Investigating and Determining the Relationship between green purchasing capabilities with Economic and Environmental Performance Considering The moderating role of firm size : A Case Study of Organic Manufacturing Companies in Guilan Province
Maryam Daneshmand-Mehr Majid BahramkhooEconomic performance is one of the most important factors in achieving competitive advantage in the market of manufactured products. In recent years, attention has been focused on increasing the use of organic products. And part of the consumer market focuses on this is MoreEconomic performance is one of the most important factors in achieving competitive advantage in the market of manufactured products. In recent years, attention has been focused on increasing the use of organic products. And part of the consumer market focuses on this issue. Regarding the importance of this issue, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ability of green purchases and economic and environmental performance considering the size of the company as a moderating factor in organic production companies in Guilan province. The statistical population of the study is 80 organic products manufacturing companies in Guilan province. Structural equations were used to analyze the data using SPSS and S-MLS software. The results show that of the ten hypotheses presented in the research, seven hypotheses were approved and three hypotheses were not approved. Confirmed hypotheses (confirmation of the relationship between green purchasing capabilities and environmental performance, confirmation of the relationship between environmental performance and economic performance, confirming the role of size of the company as a moderating factor in the relationship between green purchasing capabilities and environmental performance, confirming the role of the firm's moderator role in The relationship between green purchasing capabilities and economic performance, confirmation of the relationship between the operational capabilities of green purchases and environmental performance, the confirmation of the relationship between the dynamic capabilities of green purchases and environmental performance, the confirmation of the relationship between the dynamic capabilities of green purchases and economic performance). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1080 - The effect of emotional intelligence on the creative performance of employees regarding the mediating role of environmental uncertainty and cultural intelligence, Case Study: Urmia Veterinary Office
reza rostamzadeh Shima EsmaeiliPsychological factors have become one of the most important factors in organizations and achieving success and better performance. Employees who have the ability to deal with various issues in the organization and their work environment and increase their decision-makin MorePsychological factors have become one of the most important factors in organizations and achieving success and better performance. Employees who have the ability to deal with various issues in the organization and their work environment and increase their decision-making power, will certainly be effective in the performance of the organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on the creative performance of employees considering the role of environmental uncertainty and cultural intelligence. This study is categorized as a descriptive and correlational research and applied in the nature. The library and field study were used to collect data through the questionnaire. According to the research purpose and the subject, this research includes a sample of managers and employees of Urmia veterinary organization with number of 270. The proposed model and the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed through SMART PLS software. Finally, the results showed that emotional intelligence and environmental uncertainty have a significant effect on creative performance. Also, the effect of emotional intelligence on environmental uncertainty is significant. Also, the results of this study showed that cultural intelligence moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence and creative performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1081 - The Effects of Environmental Factors on Green Marketing Performance (Case Study: Shirin Asal Company)
reza rostamzadeh asghar alimohammadi siyabanDuring the recent decades, concern about environment has not only become a major public issue, but also a critical one in academic research, and, as a result, the ecological products market has been growing worldwide. Green marketing activities are thus expanding in man MoreDuring the recent decades, concern about environment has not only become a major public issue, but also a critical one in academic research, and, as a result, the ecological products market has been growing worldwide. Green marketing activities are thus expanding in many parts of the world offering products to green who make their purchase decisions, to some extent, based on their personal environmental criteria. These activities have a major impact on expanding consumers’ knowledge and changing their attitude towards purchasing green products. Food industry is one of the magnificent elements of the economic and has a major role in industrial development of a country, furthermore, its wide operations from production to distribution and consumption has the significant role in the economy of the countries .The aim of this dissertation is analyzing the effect of Ecological strategies on the performance of Green marketing in Shirin Asal Food Industry. This research uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques as a tools for accessing the validity and reliability of measure. This model and the result show that ecological strategies affect the financial performance, market performance, and the quality of services to consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1082 - The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on the Creative Performance of Employees Regarding the Mediating Role of Environmental Uncertainty and Cultural Intelligence (Case Study: Urmia Veterinary Office)
Shima Esmaeili pardul reza rostamzadehPsychological factors have become one of the most important factors in organizations and achieving success and better performance. Employees who have the ability to deal with various issues in the organization and their work environment and increase their decision-makin MorePsychological factors have become one of the most important factors in organizations and achieving success and better performance. Employees who have the ability to deal with various issues in the organization and their work environment and increase their decision-making power, will certainly be effective in the performance of the organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on the creative performance of employees considering the role of environmental uncertainty and cultural intelligence. This study is categorized as a descriptive and correlational research and applied in the nature. The library and field study were used to collect data through the questionnaire. According to the research purpose and the subject, this research includes a sample of managers and employees of Urmia veterinary organization with number of 270. The proposed model and the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed through SMART PLS software. Finally, the results showed that emotional intelligence and environmental uncertainty have a significant effect on creative performance. Also, the effect of emotional intelligence on environmental uncertainty is significant. Also, the results of this study showed that cultural intelligence moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence and creative performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1083 - Investigating the Trend and Composition of Trade in Environmental Goods in the World with an Emphasis on Developing Countries
فرزاد کریمیDuring the last two decades, with the increase in international exchange of goods and services, environmental problems, including climate change and global pollution, have increased significantly. The global effort to reduce environmental problems has put the importance MoreDuring the last two decades, with the increase in international exchange of goods and services, environmental problems, including climate change and global pollution, have increased significantly. The global effort to reduce environmental problems has put the importance of production and international trade of environmental goods on the agenda of many developed and developing countries. The environmental goods emphasized in this study include those goods that are produced or consumed by industry to reduce and manage pollution (air and water). The international effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has put the importance of this category of goods at the forefront of global negotiations. Considering the importance of the topic, the main goal of this study is to investigate and identify the trend of trade in environmental goods in the world and developing countries, as well as to identify its composition. The studied period includes 1996-2021. The results show that the global trade in environmental goods has increased significantly and increased nearly four times during the years 1996-2021. During this period, the position of developing countries in the export of environmental goods has increased significantly. The share of developing countries' exports from the total global export value of environmental goods increased from 7.4% in 1996 to 25.7% in 2021. In this, the participation of countries such as China, South Korea, Mexico and Singapore is very evident. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1084 - The role of economic growth on the environment based on the Kuznets environmental curve theory approach
Bahjat Abchar Hossein Gharebeygloo Rafeeh Feyzi IkhchiPlanning and policy making in the field of economic growth as one of the major macroeconomic goals requires special attention to the energy sector, environment and its relation to production. Undoubtedly, the production and increase of pollution is the result of the eco MorePlanning and policy making in the field of economic growth as one of the major macroeconomic goals requires special attention to the energy sector, environment and its relation to production. Undoubtedly, the production and increase of pollution is the result of the economic growth of the countries. This issue can be expressed in the context of the environmental economics, in the context of the Kuznets environmental curve, in which the process of environmental degradation is explained according to the nature and stages of economic growth. In this study, the effect of economic growth on emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollution was investigated using panel data method during the period of 2010-2018. For this purpose, the effect of real GDP per capita, per capita consumption of energy, the value added of the industrial sector from the actual GDP and the per capita GDP of the manufacturing plants on the per capita emissions of carbon dioxide gas (as the most important greenhouse gas) was estimated. The results indicate a N-shaped relationship between real per capita GDP and per capita carbon dioxide emissions and the confirmation of Kuznets' environmental theory in these countries. Also, evidence suggests that energy per capita variables, the value added share of the industry from real GDP, and the value added of productive productions have a positive effect on per capita carbon dioxide emissions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1085 - Screening and assessment of environmental effects an accumulation of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds
farzad Babaei hosein Askari abas Maleki hamed Chaharsoughi Amin This research aims to screening and assessment of environmental effects an accumulation of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seeds to determine to what extend the transition process are affected by environmental factors and to w More This research aims to screening and assessment of environmental effects an accumulation of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seeds to determine to what extend the transition process are affected by environmental factors and to what extent it is determined by genetic causes. Two different experiments were performed: The first on the basis of Augment series (because the genotypes were enormous) and the second based on the Randomized complete block design in three replications in two agriculturally potent areas with different climates in Ilam farms devoted to agricultural research. The results showed 85% of the genotypes had a similar behavior as to the transition of the four elements (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn). Elements transition was proved to be controlled by genetic rather than environmental factors. Inclusion of Feso4, ZnSo4, CuSo4 and MnSo4 treatment increased elements transition in 15% of genotypes, and when the treatment ceased, the transition process according to the genetic potential of the genotypes. Improving the seeds with regard to their ash led to an increase in the transition of all the elements mentioned. The transition rate could be recorded as follows: Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe with Zn recording the highest and Fe the lowest amount of transition. The accumulation of the four elements in chickpea seed had a synergist effect with Cu and Zn enjoying the highest and of the four elements in chickpea seed had a synergist effect with Cu and Zn enjoying the highest synergist effect (78%). The mineral Content among the genotypes ranged from 4 to 34 percent which is considered to be wide range. Correlations between seed ash and seed weight, and seed weight, and seed ash and the summation of the ions were 84% and 51% respectively, being significant at 1% finally, the results of the two experiments showed that the 1-12/54721/D genotype was the most suitable genotype with regard to the Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn content and the amount of ash. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1086 - Trace Monitoring of Phthalate Esters in Environmental Water Samples by Ionic Liquid-based Ultrasound-assisted In-situ Solvent Formation Microextraction Combined with High-performance Liquid Chromatography
Mohsen Zeeb Hadi Farahani -
Open Access Article
1087 - Induction of Oxidative Stress and Anatomical Changes by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Medicago sativa L.
Leyla Jafari Maryam Khoshsokhan-Mozaffar Elahe vatankhah -
Open Access Article
1088 - Simultaneous Pre-Concentration of Cadmium and Lead in Environmental Water Samples with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
M. Salahinejad F. Aflaki -
Open Access Article
1089 - Magnetic Solvent Bar Liquid-Phase Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection for the Trace Determination of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Water Samples
Hadi Farahani Mohsen Zeeb -
Open Access Article
1090 - Ecological Risk Assessment and Pollution Models of Trace Metal Concentrations in Road Dust in parts of Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria
Chigozie Bright Ichu Jushua Ifeanyichukwu Ume Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara Francis Chizoruo Ibe -
Open Access Article
1091 - Heavy Metals Contamination and Distribution in Drinking Water from Urban Area of Mashhad City in Northeast Iran: Implications for Water Quality Assessment
Batoul Zarif Gharaati Oftadeh Belin Tavakoly Sany Hossein Alidadi Mohammad Zangouei Reza Barati Atefeh Naseri Mohammad Tafaghodi -
Open Access Article
1092 - Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy metals in Cow Milks from Selected Local Government Areas of Kano state, Nigeria
S. Nasiru S.M. Dambazau M. Garba Abba Babandi A.M. wudil -
Open Access Article
1093 - Environmental Survey on Microbial Contamination in Two Public Hospitals in Qazvin
Mohadeseh Choubdar Shagahyegh Mousavi Zohreh Naghdali Faezeh Mohammadi Milad Mousazadeh Ahmad Nikpey -
Open Access Article
1094 - Application of Continuous Wavelet Transform Coupled with Zero-crossing Technique for the Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Sacubitril and Valsartan in Tablet Dosage Form
Mitra Tohidi Majid Ramezani Ali Mehramizi -
Open Access Article
1095 - The moderating effect of research and development costs on the relationship between environmental performance and financial performance Tehran Stock Exchange companies
Fereshteh Sadegh Pour Mohammad Reza Hosseini Masoom Hadi SaeidiPurpose: From a systems perspective, the issue of environmental protection requires an environmental management system that can be implemented in an integrated manner with other management systems. The existence of an independent unit as research and development (R$D) i MorePurpose: From a systems perspective, the issue of environmental protection requires an environmental management system that can be implemented in an integrated manner with other management systems. The existence of an independent unit as research and development (R$D) in any organization is very important. Therefore, the present study evaluates the impact of R$D on the relationship between environmental performance and earnings per share this year and next year.Methodology: This research is descriptive and correlational. In order to investigate this issue, research hypotheses have been analyzed using structural equation modeling and based on information about 120 companies during the years 2012 to 2018.Findings: The results show that there is no significant relationship between environmental performance and earnings per share this year, but there is a positive and significant relationship between environmental performance and earnings per share next year. Also, R$D have a moderating effect on the relationship between environmental performance and earnings per share this year and earnings per share next year. This effect is negative and significant.Originality / Value: The results of this study, in addition to developing the literature on research and development costs and environmental costs, help all stakeholders and users to assess the extent to which companies pay attention to R&D and environmental issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1096 - Investigating the effect of technical, organizational, and environmental factors on financial performance with the mediating role of social media in Toos Industrial Zone companies in Mashhad
Seyed Morteza Ghayour Baghbani Ahmad Nategh Golestan Fatemeh Golsorkh Abadi Naser ZeinabiPurpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of technical, organizational and environmental factors on financial performance with the mediating role of using social media in the companies of Mashhad Tos Industrial Estate.Methodology: This research MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of technical, organizational and environmental factors on financial performance with the mediating role of using social media in the companies of Mashhad Tos Industrial Estate.Methodology: This research is applied and of the type of causal and descriptive research. The statistical population of the research included the CEOs of phase one companies of Mashhad Tos Industrial Town with 450 people, according to Morgan's table, 208 people were determined as the sample size. The data collection tool was a localized questionnaire based on the research of Tajuddin et al. (2018), which used convergent and divergent validity and confirmatory factor analysis to check validity, and combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha were used to calculate reliability. Structural equation method and SmartPLS software have been used to check the hypotheses.Findings: The findings of the research showed that technical factors and organizational factors have a positive and significant effect on the use of social media, but the effect of the environmental factor on the use of social media was not confirmed. Also, the results showed that the use of social media has an effect on improving the financial performance of companies, and it also plays a mediating role in the effect of organizational and technical factors on the financial performance of companies. But the mediating role of using social media in the effect of environmental factors on financial performance was not confirmed.Originality / Value: Reforming the structure of the banking system, formulating efficient monetary and financial policies and regulations, and effective supervision of the country's banks can transfer uncertainties to the banks with less severity, and only in this situation can banks develop their performance with long-term planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1097 - The effect of temperature and concentration of sulfuric acid on the concrete crown corrosion
محمد آقابابایی بنی محمود پاکشیرIt`s impossible to overhaul the sewer collection lines, or remove sewer lines from the sewage system. As a result, the necessary studies should be performed to identify appropriate strategies to prevent blockage of the pipes. One of the common problems in the field is c MoreIt`s impossible to overhaul the sewer collection lines, or remove sewer lines from the sewage system. As a result, the necessary studies should be performed to identify appropriate strategies to prevent blockage of the pipes. One of the common problems in the field is crown corrosion due to the presence of sulfuric acid. In this study, the production of sulfuric acid in the presence of microbiological agents in pipes’ crown has been studied and the effect of environmental parameters such as temperature and acid concentration on the rate of the biological crown corrosion were investigated. For this purpose, concrete samples of the type 5 of cement used in accordance with the ASTM C150 and ASTM C595 standards, and then they were exposed to the different temperatures and concentrations of sulfuric acid. The results of the weight loss indicate that the increases in the temperatures and concentrations of acid would be led to higher corrosion rates. Finally, optical microscopic investigations and XRD analysis of the corroded sample showed that the corrosion product is ettringite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1098 - Environmental Analysis of the International Wetland of Parishan on the Basis of the SWOT Management Model
سمیه اردو فریدون عوفیThis paper has performed in order to evaluate the ecological and environmental study of the sensitive area as the international wetland of Parishan in emphasis on species and habitat varieties. The Parishan wetland is the widest wetland among all of the permanent freshw MoreThis paper has performed in order to evaluate the ecological and environmental study of the sensitive area as the international wetland of Parishan in emphasis on species and habitat varieties. The Parishan wetland is the widest wetland among all of the permanent freshwater lagoons in Iran. It was registered in Ramsar convention as the international wetland. Parishan wetland is a part of protective places by area classification in Iran. Having the biological and habitat varieties, weird herbal and animal distributions cause this area to be unique and sensitive ecological place. By climate change and droughts, it is in the worst condition on the view of ecological issues. It was limited to small marginal pools temporarily. With regards to special species, unique herbals, sensitive and vulnerable settlements, ecotourism issues, this research shows that the most important issue in the international wetland of Parishan are climate change and drought in these years which have influenced the bio andndash; habitat variety and herbal animal distributions. On the basis of the results of this research, the international wetland of Parishan has the powerful internal factors totally and a lot of opportunities to rebuild and revival ecologically on the view of the external factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1099 - Investigation of Environmental Changes on the Characteristics of Tree Frog (Hyla Savignyi, Audouin, 1827); Acoustic Production and Reproductive Effort in Male Sex
Raziyeh Alaei Alireza Pesarakloo Masoumeh NajibzadehUnderstanding the evolution of life history requires analyzing the balance between the energy devoted to growth, development, and reproduction activities and how to adjust this balance to maximize lifetime reproductive success. On the other hand, advertisement calls pla MoreUnderstanding the evolution of life history requires analyzing the balance between the energy devoted to growth, development, and reproduction activities and how to adjust this balance to maximize lifetime reproductive success. On the other hand, advertisement calls play an essential role in the characteristics of life history, having a direct relationship with the activities of production and finally the success of the reproductive organ. Considering the effective role of environment on characteristics of amphibians, the main purpose of our study was to study the environmental variations of acoustic traits and reproductive investment in male populations of H. savignyi tree frog in central and western Iran. For investigating the production investment, testicular weight, and size along with body weight and length (SVL) traits in all populations of H. savignyi were studied at altitude range of 1000-2117 m. Moreover, for acoustic studies, five standard acoustic traits Call duration (CD), Inter-call interval (IC), Note duration (ND), Inter-note interval (IN), and Number of note per call (N/C) of this species were studied in different populations and temperature ranges. The study of quantitative testicular traits and traits related to body features (SVL and weight) showed a significant negative relationship in testicular weight and size with increasing altitude, while this relationship followed the opposite result for both SVL and weight, indicating a balance between growth and reproductive activities in this species. The results of comparison of advertisement calls showed that H. savignyi calls have a common structure in all populations. Moreover, the effect of temperature on acoustic parameters significantly (P≤0.05) reflected the determining role of temperature on all the studied acoustic characteristics.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1100 - A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model for Supplier Selection by Considering Sustainable Criteria: A Case Study in a Stone Industry
Farnaz Barzinpour hanie moazeni mirsaman pishvaiSupplier selection is a vital process in which the vender tries to improve its relations with the chosen suppliers. In this procedure, by considering all alternatives and criteria evaluation, suppliers are selected. One of the methods used to evaluate and choose supplie MoreSupplier selection is a vital process in which the vender tries to improve its relations with the chosen suppliers. In this procedure, by considering all alternatives and criteria evaluation, suppliers are selected. One of the methods used to evaluate and choose suppliers is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This paper proposes a model to evaluate suppliers with DEA. Sustainability criteria, which includes measures of three aspects, social, economic and environmental, are considered and three approaches, aggressive, benevolent and conservative of DEA, for considering all policies of organizations is utilized. In this research, a case study is conducted at a stone factory. Data’s of 19 quarries as suppliers in this research, is collected and top 10 suppliers are chosen and suggested to the factory. This model is solved with GAMS and finally, sensitivity analysis on the top ranked suppliers, displays importance of the criteria to help other suppliers to improve their performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1101 - The Strategies of Obtaining International Responsibility of Current State of Iraq in Payment the Environmental Damage of Imposed War against Iran through Full Implementation of Security Council Resolution 598
ali faghih habibiThe Security Council as one of the most important pillar of United Nation has primarily the responsibility of maintenance of international peace and security. The practice of Security Council in dealing with issues related to Iraq’s aggression against Iran and its MoreThe Security Council as one of the most important pillar of United Nation has primarily the responsibility of maintenance of international peace and security. The practice of Security Council in dealing with issues related to Iraq’s aggression against Iran and its relevant problems seems discriminatory. Since despite sufficient evident for recognizing Iraq as Aggressor, the Security Council has not reacted to recognize the subject of aggression and aggressor up to end of the imposed war. Surly the enforcement of the Security Council resolution according to chapter VII of the United Nation charter in order to maintaining or restoration of international peace and security and according to Articles 25 and 103 of the charter as well as the Article 10 of the resolution 598 which stipulating holding the secession of Security Council in term of necessity, the afore mentioned resolution is binding. So it can be said, the United Nation and Security Council should do their responsibility and obligation regarding the implementation of this resolution. Explaining the juridical status of the Resolution 598, this paper by applying the principles of international law tries to specify the strategies of claiming the environmental damage due to imposed war through full implementation of resolution 598. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1102 - Environmental Scanning of Sections Quad Iran's Sports Based on Strategic Foresight and Analysis of Consequences by Future Wheel Method
reza Farokhshahinia Moslem Shirvani Naghani ali hemati afifThe general object of this study was the environmental scanning of Sections quad Iran's sports based on the STEEPELD model and analysis of key driving forces consequences by future wheel method. The present research is in terms of applied purpose, mixed in terms of natu MoreThe general object of this study was the environmental scanning of Sections quad Iran's sports based on the STEEPELD model and analysis of key driving forces consequences by future wheel method. The present research is in terms of applied purpose, mixed in terms of nature, and in terms of implementation path, survey and brainstorming. The statistical population were faculty members of sports management with associate degrees and higher who were selected by combined sampling. To adjust the environmental factors and analyze their impact, a 61-item questionnaire with convergent validity (0.622) and composite reliability coefficient (0.868) was used, which was analyzed using Friedman test, structural equation modeling (PLS) and panel of experts. According to the research results, economic transparency and control in educational sport, economic stability and security in sport for all, infrastructure development in championship sport and international restrictions such as sanctions in professional sport, had the highest impact factor whose consequences were investigated with 24 components in the first, 22 components in the second and 19 components in the third place. Therefore, analyzing the impact of the identified key driving forces of the research can provide a more suitable image of the future of Iranian sports on the horizon of 2025 to eliminate, adjust or develop the strategies of sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1103 - Designing and Explaining the Content and Strategic Elements of the Strategic Thinking Competency Model (Case Study: the National Iranian Gas Company)
mirzahasan hosseini Mohammad Mahmoodi Meymand Mohammad Taghi Amini nima rahmaniStrategic thinking studies have been developed over the past two decades mainly in two branches of psychology and management. Late researchers have proposed a hybrid approach that has led to the development of an organizational competency. To this end, the purpose of th MoreStrategic thinking studies have been developed over the past two decades mainly in two branches of psychology and management. Late researchers have proposed a hybrid approach that has led to the development of an organizational competency. To this end, the purpose of this study was to develop a process model of strategic thinking as an organizational competency and in terms of two dimensions of content and strategy for managers of Gas Company, as its content and strategic elements, based on environmental requirements and the underlying factors. This research was carried out within the framework of a qualitative approach that was explained through the Grounded Theory and coding of the meta-synthesis of elements and components of the competence of strategic thinking. To this end, data was collected using a targeted sampling method and semi-structured interviews with experts as well as a snapshot of documents. Then, concepts and effective categories were extracted through theoretical coding with a systematic approach, as well as meta-synthesis questionnaires. Consequently, a general proposition that expresses the conceptual and generalized relationships between the components of the model of competence of strategic thinking is presented. The findings showed that the content dimension (central category) of strategic thinking, which was named as insight, includes five divergent ways of thinking that aim to produce creative and effective strategic options. And thinking strategies, which include six convergent and goal-oriented ways of thinking, select effective strategic options with an analytical approach. Also, the content dimension of strategic thinking (insight) is necessary in response to environmental requirements and through thinking strategies, develops organizational capabilities in accordance with environmental requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1104 - عنوان مقاله [English] DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE PATTERN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES VIA STRATEGIC CONTROL BASED ON LORANGE MODEL OF STRATEGIC CONTROL
mehri javidi mohamadtaghi aminiIn the current situation, pressures stemmed from the economic globalization and all the related positive and negative results and impacts have exposed serious and new challenges across business environments. In turn, these challenges require formulation and execution of MoreIn the current situation, pressures stemmed from the economic globalization and all the related positive and negative results and impacts have exposed serious and new challenges across business environments. In turn, these challenges require formulation and execution of strategies and strategic controls proportionate to the environmental turbulence, conceived by the organization. The research has been performed aiming at design and development of an interactive pattern of environmental changes via strategic control (according to Lorange Model). Statistical population includes supervisors and experts selected from 10 main manufacturing companies in Ahvaz, active in production of components required for drilling oil wells. Finally, taking advantage of random stratified sampling method and kookran formula, our sample size consisted of 200 individuals. Library studies and two self-made questionnaires as for the field study were considered as data gathering tools. Data were analyzed, using structural equation modeling and LISREL (linear structural relations) statistical software; showing that environmental changes have significant effect on applying strategic control. That is, the results indicated that high and low environmental changes are effective in using fundamental strategic control and gradual strategic control, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1105 - Identifying and Addressing the Contextual Factors Contributing to Strategic Thinking in the Petrochemical Industry
hasan kaviani sajad shokohyar hussien fath abadiStrategic thinking, as an effective approach to development and excellence, enables to provide timely understanding of threats and environmental opportunities to create desirable future for themselves. Due to the importance of contextual factors in the emergence, growth MoreStrategic thinking, as an effective approach to development and excellence, enables to provide timely understanding of threats and environmental opportunities to create desirable future for themselves. Due to the importance of contextual factors in the emergence, growth and development of strategic thinking capabilities at different level of the organizations, in this research which is functional in term of purpose and descriptive correlational in term of data processing; after reviewing the literature in the field of research and relying on the experience of in Petrochemical Company manager and experts as a goal of destination organization, we will develop 12 hypothesis to identify factors affecting the strategic thinking, we will focus on this research by using a questionnaire consisting 35 questions to Check assumptions in the number 126 of the top managers and experts of the three companies has been active in the field of petrochemicals. After confirming the meaningful correlation of 8 independent variables with dependent variable of strategic thinking by exploratory factor analysis of confirmed assumptions in the form of model consist environmental factors, management features and organizational dynamics, then by using harmonic mean Integral method and set of fuzzy numbers with according to view of 7 experts in the field of research, importance coefficients, factors and influencing variables of strategic thinking were determined Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1106 - Investigating and identifying the effects of rural wastewater in Dena protected area and presenting an environmental management pattern
Mohammad Reza Sadegh Ali Ali Zare Mansour Pournouri -
Open Access Article
1107 - Evaluating the effectiveness of green marketing of socio-economic organizations in reducing environmental pollution
Hojjat Nazari Sadegh Zibakalam Mohammad Reza Parvin -
Open Access Article
1108 - Identification, Classification and Management of Industrial Hazardous Waste in Ardabil Province
Mohsen Amirfazli Sasan Safarzadeh Reza Samadi Khadem -
Open Access Article
1109 - Identifying Anthropogenic Factors of Groundwater Pollution through Students’ Opinion in Rural West Bengal
Archan Mitra Biplab Chowdhury -
Open Access Article
1110 - Validation of Networking Approach in Environmental Policy in IRAN to Decrease Environmental Pollution by Factor Analysis Method
Seyed Hossein Hosseini Karam Allah Daneshfard Gholam-Reza Memarzadeh Tehran Hooman Bahmanpour -
Open Access Article
1111 - The Impact of Environmental Education on The Environmental Behavior of Elementary School Students (Case Study: Students in Tehran)
Mojgan Zaeimdar Fatima tavakoli akramolmolok lahijanian -
Open Access Article
1112 - Typology of Environmental Crimes in Iran (Case Study: Crimes Related to Environmental Pollution)
Hossein Rabani Askar Jalalian Mansoor Pournouri -
Open Access Article
1113 - Assessing the risk of environmental pollution caused by tourism activities (recreation - sports) in natural environments of Shahrood County
Sepideh Hosseini Dinani SEYED MOSTAFA TAYEBI SANI Bagher Morsal Ali fahiminejad -
Open Access Article
1114 - Optimal location of electrical generation from urban solid waste for biomass power plants
Reza Alayi Mehdi Jahangeri Hossein Monfared -
Open Access Article
1115 - Investigation of civil responsibility for the spread of environmental pollution caused by the Coronavirus pandemic
Shadi Shoghi beygi S.Ali Jozi Mojtaba Zamani -
Open Access Article
1116 - New Theory in Environmental Ethics: Truth Centrism or Right Oriented Environmental Ethics
Jalal Valiallahi -
Open Access Article
1117 - Developing a method based on matrixes and multi-criteria decision making approaches for environmental assessment of dams (A Case study)
Mohammad Reza Jangjoo -
Open Access Article
1118 - Investigating the place of international law in the protection of the marine environment against Transportation of hazardous chemicals
Hooman Fathi Seyed Bagher Mirabbasi Mansoor Pournoori -
Open Access Article
1119 - Environmental management of forest fire risk using A'SWOT analysis model (a case study: forest parks in the southern slopes of Alborz, Iran)
Mina Mackialeagha Behzad bozorgmehr Azita Behbahaninia -
Open Access Article
1120 - Investigating Iran's position in indicators of sustainable development in relation to rights Habitat and biodiversity conservation
Mehdi Behravesh Abbas Poorhashemi Mostafa Panahi Mohammad Reza Parvin -
Open Access Article
1121 - Zoning of the southern coastal region of the IRAN based on Pollution of water resources (Case study: Minoo Island)
Hamid Rahmati parvin farshchi Mansoor Pournoori -
Open Access Article
1122 - Implementation of Analytical Hierarchy Process to Prioritize Health, Safety and Environment Risks of Hydrocarbon-Rich Sludge in South Pars Gas Complex-First Refinery, Iran
Mehdi Khezri Maryam Farahani Saeed Motahhari Bita Azadbakht -
Open Access Article
1123 - Identification and Assessment of health, safety and environmental risk factors of Chemical Industry using Delphi and FMEA methods (a case study)
Hassan Azizi Mina Mackialeagha Bita Azadbakht hassan samadyar -
Open Access Article
1124 - Evaluating waste management practices of street vendors in the informal settlement of Cape Town: a case study of Khayelitsha
Benett Siyabonga Madonsela Thabang Maphanga -
Open Access Article
1125 - Evaluation of blood parameters changes of mice exposed to long-term Wi-Fi waves as a major environmental pollutants
Hamed Akbari Lobat Taghavi Seyed Kamal Eshagh Hossaini Mohammad Gholami-Fesharaki Seyed Alireza Mirzahosseini -
Open Access Article
1126 - The Relationship between Cadmium Pollution, Soil Biology, and Atropa Belladonna Growth
Maria Del Carmen Delgado Laime CESAR RUBEN CASTRO LOPEZ Roger Oswaldo Poccohuanca-Aguilar Juan-Jes&uacute;s Garrido-Arismendis Linda-Katherine Carrillo-De la Cruz -
Open Access Article
1127 - Control of Air Pollution by Shell (Architectural Solutions to Control Air Pollution in Ahvaz)
Anahid Sasan Reza Behbehani Hassan Ebrahimy AslEnvironmental pollution caused by climate change and human factors caused by the increase in the world's population and as a result of the uncontrolled development of cities, has caused problems in settlements. These include declining quality of living environment and r MoreEnvironmental pollution caused by climate change and human factors caused by the increase in the world's population and as a result of the uncontrolled development of cities, has caused problems in settlements. These include declining quality of living environment and residential buildings. This research has sought to control environmental pollution in the building space as the main goal. In order to solve this problem, construction shells have been selected as a solution and three different types with three different approaches of biological shells, intelligent moving shells and two-shell facades have been studied, analyzed and proposed. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of this research, combined methods and using different sciences have been used to do it. The research is applied in nature, to explain the theoretical framework and collect data, as well as to select the influential components, it has benefited from the study of the background effective on the subject, as well as the field method. In order to obtain the number of pollutants entering the building in each of the models, the simulation method has been used using related software. Data analysis and evaluation has been done through simulation method. One of the results of this research was to present a model to be used in the city of Ahvaz in order to control environmental pollution. At the end, after observing the analysis of the studied indicators in the current state of the building, the proposed models were also analyzed and reviewed and the results were presented in the form of a diagram. Comparing the current situation with the first model, the number of environmental pollutants, both outside the building and adjacent to the building wall and inside the building, has decreased significantly. This is despite the fact that the reduction of pollutants has increased compared to the current situation with the second model, and the proposed measures and model have been fully effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1128 - Designing the Validation Model of Cultural Non- Governmental Organizations Based on Cyberspace's Super Policy
rahman Jalali Javaran SANJAR salajagheh alireza manzari tavakoli Ayoub SheikhiCyberspace is now an integral part of human life. Navigation, guidance, control and care in this vast sea can not be easily feasible. The complete entrance in this area can not be done by any government, unless there is a massive popular force in this area, and the gove MoreCyberspace is now an integral part of human life. Navigation, guidance, control and care in this vast sea can not be easily feasible. The complete entrance in this area can not be done by any government, unless there is a massive popular force in this area, and the government will establish and facilitate the arrival of the people in this regard. In this article, we try to use the comments of cultural experts and extract strategic points from the statements of the Islamic revolution Leader and use the method of "Thematic Analysis" to identify the basic indicators of validation of popular collections active in the field of cyberspace. The most important result and findings of this article is the presentation of a framework that serves as an operational road map that can be evaluated by non-governmental organizations according to designed indicators. Therefore, a local model for evaluating cultural organizations in the field of cyberspace in order to determine the main policies in the field of cyberspace and increase social participation in the Islamic Republic of Iran is very necessary. This model, while taking advantage of the new patterns of policy evaluation, keeps us from harming commonly used evaluation models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1129 - The Connection of Virtual Social Networks with the Desire to Participate in Environmental Protection (Case study of Tehran Citizens over 15 Years Old)
seyedfatemeh gholizade , Faizullah nourozi Hossein dehqanThe purpose of this study is to study the relationship between virtual social networks and the desire to participate in environmental protection among Tehran citizens. Environmental participation has been implemented as a dependent variable based on environmental behavi MoreThe purpose of this study is to study the relationship between virtual social networks and the desire to participate in environmental protection among Tehran citizens. Environmental participation has been implemented as a dependent variable based on environmental behavior and cooperation. The theoretical framework based on Wellman's network theory and Gerbner implantation theory is a research method used quantitatively and the research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster and the sample size was obtained after deleting the outdated data of 384 people. The research results indicate that between the desire to participate in environmental protection and the use of social networks There is a positive and significant relationship between virtual (r = 0.492), trust in virtual social networks (r = 0.339), activity in virtual social networks (r = 0.348) and environmental knowledge (r = 0.348). In fact, participation in environmental activities is a function of the trust and conscious performance of users in cyberspace with an environmental focus, and with the results of analysis of variance with Sig = 0.000 and F = 22.91, users who use cyberspace to obtain new information. They are more willing to participate in environmental protection, feel more responsible for their environment, and cooperate more in environmental activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1130 - Investigating the Cultural Factors Affecting Environmental Behavior of Citizens (Case Study: Citizens of Amol City)
Nina Batebi soroush fathiEnvironmental catastrophe not only threatens the peace and security of human societies but also threatens the principle of survival and being. Therefore, it can be said that to moderate environmental Catastrophes, it is possible to modify and change the behavior of citi MoreEnvironmental catastrophe not only threatens the peace and security of human societies but also threatens the principle of survival and being. Therefore, it can be said that to moderate environmental Catastrophes, it is possible to modify and change the behavior of citizens in the context of the environment around them, while social and cultural components in this regard are important and indisputable. Therefore, the main goal of the present study is to identify the impact of cultural elements and components on environmental behaviors of citizens. The research method is survey and data gathering tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Among the citizens of Amol, 384 people are selected as the statistical sample by a random sampling method. The research findings show that there is a significant relationship between the performance of governmental institutions, cultural participation and cultural element and environmental behavior of the citizens of Amol , and there is no significant relationship between the existence of non-governmental organizations and the environmental behavior of citizens. The overall conclusion of the research indicates that the performance of public institutions in the environmental behaviors of citizens is in the way of their proper exposure. Among these, cultural elements and components (cultural awareness and cultural participation) play a crucial role in the environmental behaviors of citizens of Amol Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1131 - Artificial Intelligence in Standard Localization of Green Buildings in Iran
Mohamad Rajabi Javad Majrouhi Sardroud Ali KheyroddinResidential buildings consume a major part of energy, soil and natural materials and play a large role in environmental pollution. Energy consumption in Iran is increasing by 270% in the last 20 years. One of the basic solutions to reduce use of fossil fuels, soil and n MoreResidential buildings consume a major part of energy, soil and natural materials and play a large role in environmental pollution. Energy consumption in Iran is increasing by 270% in the last 20 years. One of the basic solutions to reduce use of fossil fuels, soil and natural materials is the implementation of green buildings. Green buildings reduce the use of natural sand and soil and are generally replaced by micro-produced waste from various industries and mines. Unfortunately, unlike many countries in world, Iran does not have a native green standard and most investors do not have information about benefits of this type of building. In this research, using opinions of experts in the first stage to identify the advantages and obstacles of the implementation of green buildings and in the second stage, using 6 green standards of the world, a total of 68 items in 5 seasons of site, water, energy, materials and the quality of the indoor environment. It has been identified for the native green standard in Iran. The results of 103 questionnaires indicate that the lack of knowledge about green buildings is the biggest obstacle and the high potential of renewable energy production is introduced as the biggest necessity for the implementation of green buildings. Also, among the total number of green standard items, the optimal performance of energy consumption and the use of renewable energies have been identified as the most influential parameters. Finally, based on artificial intelligence, the total green standard score has been calculated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1132 - The determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment
بهناز روشن روان حسین عبدالملکی سید نعمت خلیفهAbstract Sports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and MoreAbstract Sports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment. The research method was a descriptive - survey and the statistical population consisted of 253 residents around the Sports Complex. The instruments used in this study included the Environmental and Traffic Impact Questionnaire of Sultan Hosseini et al. (2014). This questionnaire has 14 questions and 2 components of the environmental impacts of sports areas and the traffic impacts of sports areas. Sultan-Hosseini et al. (2013) questionnaire is also used in the field of socio-economic impacts. This questionnaire has 16 questions and 2 components of economic and social impacts of sports facilities. The validity of the questionnaire is a content type and its reliability is calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 81%. A one-sample T-test were used to analyze the data from the questionnaires. The multidisciplinary Decision-Making Method is used to rank the effects of the evaluated components. This study has identified that social impacts significantly had the greatest effects on the urban environment of Karaj city (p<0.001). Moreover, the next two ranks are traffic effects and environmental effects, but there was no influence of the economic effects on the urban environment around the sports complex (p=0.11). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1133 - Strategies to Outcome the Barriers and Challenges of Implementation of Successful Exercise in the Country with the Repertory Grid Approach
mozhgan piri hassan fahimdost hossein pedymanizad mohamadreza ismaeelzadehAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the strategies to overcome the obstacles and challenges of implementing succession in sports with the Repertory Grid Approach. The present study was done by the mixed method. The purpose of the qualitative section was MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the strategies to overcome the obstacles and challenges of implementing succession in sports with the Repertory Grid Approach. The present study was done by the mixed method. The purpose of the qualitative section was fundamental research which was done by the Repertory Grid Approach. The purpose of the quantitative section was applied which the data was collected by survey . The statistical population consisted of all sports management experts with a scientific background in organizational behavior issues. In the qualitative part, the sampling was purposefully (10 interviews), and in the quantitative part was a random sampling method (80 subjects). The research tool was a structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. We analyzed qualitative data by content analysis method, and MaxQDA software and quantitative data analysis were done by T-sample test and Friedman test and SPSS software. The results showed that all environmental, structural, and behavioral barriers, respectively, are obstacles to the implementation of succession in sports. Theoretically, the results can be used to complete the theoretical foundations of sports management. Practically, relevant managers can use the results to implement succession in sports organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1134 - The determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment
behnaz roshanravan hossein abdolmaleki syednemat khalifehAbstractSports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and en MoreAbstractSports areas as one of the most important urban public use affect the environment around which social, economic and traffic environmental impacts can be named as the most important. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic, social, traffic, and environmental impacts of the Karaj Enghelag Sports Complex on the surrounding urban environment. The research method was a descriptive - survey and the statistical population consisted of 253 residents around the Sports Complex. The instruments used in this study included the Environmental and Traffic Impact Questionnaire of Sultan Hosseini et al. (2014). This questionnaire has 14 questions and 2 components of the environmental impacts of sports areas and the traffic impacts of sports areas. Sultan-Hosseini et al. (2013) questionnaire is also used in the field of socio-economic impacts. This questionnaire has 16 questions and 2 components of economic and social impacts of sports facilities. The validity of the questionnaire is a content type and its reliability is calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 81%. A one-sample T-test were used to analyze the data from the questionnaires. The multidisciplinary Decision-Making Method is used to rank the effects of the evaluated components. This study has identified that social impacts significantly had the greatest effects on the urban environment of Karaj city (p<0.001). Moreover, the next two ranks are traffic effects and environmental effects, but there was no influence of the economic effects on the urban environment around the sports complex (p=0.11). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1135 - Social context influencing the formation of the social movement of environmentalism in Iran
mohamadali golmohamadzadeh alireza esmaeilzad Parviz ahadiThe environmental crisis is one of the most important global problems today. Because popular participation is increasingly needed to deal with this crisis, it is important to note that environmental NGOs and grassroots organizations have been formed around the world to MoreThe environmental crisis is one of the most important global problems today. Because popular participation is increasingly needed to deal with this crisis, it is important to note that environmental NGOs and grassroots organizations have been formed around the world to direct this public participation. And guide. Environmental movements in Iran as a modern movement that is due to the experiences gained and the conditions resulting from the new way of life in Iran can be a new social movement that is slow and scattered but has a common goal and away from the conditions and trends of social movements. Conventional and classic, which is expanding slowly. In this article, we will discuss the bio-movement and the social context of this movement in Iran. According to the hypothesis of this article, the consequences of globalization and late modernity or rethinking modernization of the external social context and the spread of doubts about its consequences and increasing awareness of the need to care for planetary ecology and the demand for humanization of technology among part of society. "Environmentalism" can be considered in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1136 - Environmental Instability in the Middle East, Managerial and Cultural Challenges; A Case Study: of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia
Iran Ghazi Azam MalaeeTwo recent report "environmental performance" Yale University in the years 2014 and 2016 has been published showing that the number of Middle Eastern countries in these two periods with the downward trend faced. This study examines three important reasons for environmen MoreTwo recent report "environmental performance" Yale University in the years 2014 and 2016 has been published showing that the number of Middle Eastern countries in these two periods with the downward trend faced. This study examines three important reasons for environmental policy setback and instability in the Middle East, Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Review development programs, management system and cultural and political systems of the three countries suggest that several factors may have been in an unstable environment. In Iran's Fifth Development Plan and the Ninth Plan of the Republic of Turkey, the status of the environment has quite marginal position and The place is very brief account. Of course, this does not apply in the case of Saudi Arabia. Embossed characters and not the structures and rules on environmental management and the power of government in these countries versus, The weakness of environmental civil society is other issues that dysfunction in all three countries has been a lack of improvement and environmental sustainability. Although the Saudi Arabia situation in these two areas is worse than the other two. The oil-rich Middle East and energy subsidy also leading to the production of toxic gases and air pollution. Iran and Saudi Arabia in this area have had a poorer performance than Turkey and with continued energy subsidies, have a greater role in polluting the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1137 - Spatial changes of soil fertility factors in pure shrublands of the central plateau of Iran
Nafiseh Roohollahi seyed akbar javadi Mohamad Jafary محمدعلی زارع چاهوکیShrubs with diverse ecological functions cover a large area of arid and semi-arid lands. Evaluation of changes in soil properties in shrublands can be effective in understanding the ecological relationships of these biomes and their nutritional status for land managemen MoreShrubs with diverse ecological functions cover a large area of arid and semi-arid lands. Evaluation of changes in soil properties in shrublands can be effective in understanding the ecological relationships of these biomes and their nutritional status for land management. In this research, the spatial changes of soil fertility characteristics based on patch structure and open spaces between patches were studied in pure shrubs including Artemisia sieberi, Scariola orientalis and Astragalus myriacanthus types located in the ari lands of the central plateau of Iran. The evaluation of soil yield characteristics and soil quality was investigated by selecting the reference open space between the patches and recording the morphological characteristics of the patches to study the relationship between them. The results showed that the properties of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and soil quality index (SQI) had the most significant changes between the type of shrubland and in the space between patches in each type (P<0.01). The highest value of the soil quality index was related to the under canopy in A. myriacanthus type and was equal to 0.87, and the lowest value was related to the central point of the open space in A. sieberi type and was equal to 0.22. The functional characteristics of plants such as biomass, height and canopy showed the highest correlation with the spatial distribution of elements and soil fertility factors in the open space areas (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1138 - Design and Validation of a Sustainable Development Model for Sports Purposes Based on Tourist Behavior
negar matinnia ابوالفضل فراهانی mohsen bagrian farah abadi Ali-Mohammad SafaniaObjective: The aim of this research was to design and validate a sustainable development model for sports purposes based on tourist behavior. Method: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative study uti MoreObjective: The aim of this research was to design and validate a sustainable development model for sports purposes based on tourist behavior. Method: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative study utilized grounded theory as the theoretical framework, while the quantitative study employed a descriptive-survey method. The qualitative sample consisted of stakeholders who were selected using snowball sampling technique, and 17 participants were chosen based on theoretical saturation. The quantitative sample included employees of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism, employees of travel and tourism companies, sports tour organizers, and guides, with a sample size of 270 individuals selected through simple random sampling. Interviews were used as the qualitative research tool, while a questionnaire was utilized for the quantitative research. To assess the quality and validity of the qualitative findings, the evaluation criteria of Lincoln and Guba (1985), including credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability, was employed. In the quantitative section, content validity, construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha were used. Findings: Based on the research findings, the behavioral correspondences of sports tourists with the goal of sustainable development for sports purposes were categorized into nine sub-dimensions and three main dimensions (core behaviors) under the titles of environmental behaviors, socio-cultural behaviors, and economic behaviors. All defining structures of these factors were confirmed and identified through factor analysis, indicating that the theoretical model possesses the necessary validity. Results: As observed, the behavioral objectives of sports tourists based on sustainable development for sports purposes emphasize the creation of balance in tourism development through environmental behaviors, socio-cultural behaviors, and economic behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1139 - Evaluation of environmental effectiveness of educational programs on the Environmental skills of employees in an Iranian offshore oil company (Case Study: staff of Sirri Island)
Farabi Mohammad mahboubeh fadavi Zahra JohariThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the environmental education program based on the lecture and film screening method and the combined method (speech and film screening) on the environmental skills of Iran's continental shelf oil compan MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the environmental education program based on the lecture and film screening method and the combined method (speech and film screening) on the environmental skills of Iran's continental shelf oil company employees (case study: Siri Island employees). The statistical population included all 600 employees of the Iranian continental shelf oil company, Siri Island, of which 45 people were randomly selected and placed in three groups. This research is a semi-experimental method and a 20-item environmental skills questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The reliability of the questionnaire was also estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.85. Two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics of covariance analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the scores of environmental skills were normal and in line with the hypothesis of the research which was based on the comparison of lecture teaching methods, film showing and combined method (lecture and film showing method). There was a significant difference in the scores of the three training methods in the post-exam stage, that is, the training was able to increase the environmental skills scores of the employees of Iran's continental shelf oil company, Siri Island, in the post-exam stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1140 - Jurisprudential Subjectology of Common Animal Traps with an Emphasis on Animal Rights
Mohammad ShafieiDespite the prevalent use of animal traps today, particularly adhesive and spring models, the jurisprudential aspects of these traps remain largely unexplored within environmental jurisprudence studies, receiving only partial attention amidst broader discussions. This r MoreDespite the prevalent use of animal traps today, particularly adhesive and spring models, the jurisprudential aspects of these traps remain largely unexplored within environmental jurisprudence studies, receiving only partial attention amidst broader discussions. This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach to investigate the thematic dimensions of terrestrial animal traps. Initially, notable legal rulings pertaining to trap usage are highlighted as crucial variables in jurisprudential discourse. Subsequently, the most common types of animal traps are scrutinized from a jurisprudential standpoint. The investigation reveals that while there is no outright prohibition on the use of traps, it is imperative to prioritize less harmful trapping methods when possible, with due consideration given to alternative solutions. In cases involving live traps, swift decisions must be made regarding the release or humane euthanasia of captured animals. This article adopts a comparative research framework, focusing on the examination of jurisprudence surrounding prevalent animal traps. As such, a comprehensive analysis of the legal and principled foundations underlying each effective trap type is beyond the scope of this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1141 - Investigating the Mechanism of Performance Measurement Systems with Emphasis on Usage Types, Sophistication Levels, and Environmental Uncertainty: A Case Study of Persian Gulf Holding
seyedeh raja ghalebi Shokralah Khajavi ali mahmoodiThe goal of any Performance Measuring System (PMS) as an integral control mechanism, is the focus on and convey of the effects financial and non-financial information on decision-making and management decisions. The Diagnostic and Interactive use of the PMS as a measure MoreThe goal of any Performance Measuring System (PMS) as an integral control mechanism, is the focus on and convey of the effects financial and non-financial information on decision-making and management decisions. The Diagnostic and Interactive use of the PMS as a measurement and feedback system is used for design and strategy testing for organizational coordination. The current study attempts to assess the effects of diagnostic and interactive use alongside the inherent PMS-level complexities on Organizational returns. Alongside this, varying intervening effects of environmental uncertainty contingencies on complexity levels were analysed from across 46 active organizations in the petrol industry during 1401. In this study, within Simon’s Lever of Control (LOC) framework, we focus on the design and function of PMS, alongside Contingency plans with a compatibility-mediation approach to test the presented theories of the partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method. Our findings displayed that interactive functionality had a significant and positive relation with PMS, while the results of diagnostic functionality are left unsatisfactory (non-confirmed). Additionally, a significant correlation between complexity levels and environmental uncertainties with PMS outcomes, PMS outcomes in operational performance, Diagnostical and Interactive Functions in PMS complexities, and environmental uncertainties with Diagnostical and Interactive functions was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1142 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1143 - Identify and Prioritize the Cultural Elements of Sustainable Curriculum for Management with Environmental Approach at Islamic Azad University of Tehran Province
Elham Noorin soghra afkaneh کامران محمدخانیThis research was carried out with the aim of identifying and prioritizing sustainable curriculum elements for management majors with an environmental approach in University.The purpose of the applied research and the type of data is a combination of exploratory type in MoreThis research was carried out with the aim of identifying and prioritizing sustainable curriculum elements for management majors with an environmental approach in University.The purpose of the applied research and the type of data is a combination of exploratory type in the qualitative part, meta-synthesis and analysis of interview texts, and descriptive-survey in the quantitative part. Was.The population studied in the qualitative part included the theoretical foundations and related background of internal and external databases and for the interview part of the expert community. The sample size in the qualitative part was targeted non-random sampling and in the quantitative part, the sample size was based on the calculation of the sample size in The structural equations were selected by step wise cluster random sampling method.The collection tools were systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part, and researcher-made questionnaires in the quantitative part.The method of data analysis was thematic analysis in the qualitative part and descriptive and inferential statistics in the quantitative part.The findings showed that the identified elements of the sustainable curriculum for management majors with an environmental approach in University included 5 elements,which in order of priority are:Purpose (components of getting to know the concepts, management)content (components of management concepts and principles,tools and methods,rights and settings,strategies and policies, green economy and environmental resource management) learning methods (interactive, practical and experimental methods, project-based) evaluation methods (performance, content and lessons, educational environment.resources(use of sustainable materials, product life cycle.that each of these components included several indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1144 - Explaining the Effects of Reverse Migration Physical, and Environmental Development of the Mahale Anzal Villages in Urmia County
Sharifeh Jafarmadar Gharabagh Dr.Simin Armaghan Dr. Tahmineh DaniyaliThe purpose of this study was to explain the effects of reverse migration on the economic, physical, and environmental development of the Mahale Anzal villages in Urmia County from 2017 to 2021. The research design was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the effects of reverse migration on the economic, physical, and environmental development of the Mahale Anzal villages in Urmia County from 2017 to 2021. The research design was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study was 944 households of returnees to the Mahale Anzal villages, of which 275 households were selected using the quota sampling method and randomly responded to the questionnaires. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.818 and analyzed using SPSS-V.28 and Lisrel-V.10 software. The research questionnaire had an acceptable validity of exploratory factor analysis (0.847) and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between reverse migration, economic development, physical development, and environmental development (P≤0.01). Reverse migration had a direct and positive effect on economic development (0.69), physical development (0.56), and environmental development (0.55) (P≤0.01). Additionally, reverse migration had an indirect and positive effect (0.34) on physical development and (0.28) on environmental development through economic development in the Mahale Anzal villages of Urmia County (P≤0.01). The authorities should strive to develop the economic conditions of the villages, which will lead to the improvement of living conditions, the strengthening and updating of rural housing, and consequently the physical and environmental development of the villages, thereby improving the living conditions in the villages for reverse migration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1145 - A model of an environmental ethics curriculum based on social constructivism in the second high school
Hanieh khodadadi Esmat Rasoli Vahid FallahThe aim of the present study is to design a model of environmental ethics curriculum based on social constructivism in the second high school. In this study, inductive content analysis method of inductive type was used. The participants were selected using a targeted sa MoreThe aim of the present study is to design a model of environmental ethics curriculum based on social constructivism in the second high school. In this study, inductive content analysis method of inductive type was used. The participants were selected using a targeted sampling method and a theoretical saturation criterion, which selected 15 professors and specialists. In fact, the participants were selected based on their experience in the field of environmental ethics curriculum. A semi-structured individual interview was used to collect data. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by open, central and selective coding methods. The results of the analysis of the interviews obtained by experts indicate that the environmental ethics curriculum in the second high school is not sufficiently desirable and has weaknesses. The characteristics of the elements of the environmental ethics curriculum based on social constructivism for purpose, content and strategies of teaching-learning and evaluation were also pointed out, and the pattern of the ecological ethics-based environmental ethics curriculum was designed. The results show that all the elements and components of the educational program interact with each other and there is a relationship between the environmental ethics curriculum and the social constructivism, and the social constructivism is sufficient to increase the capabilities of the environmental ethics curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1146 - Providing a model for desire for sustainability of education teachers (Case study: Teachers of high schools in Tehran)
Seyed Ali Sajadi Mohammadali Hosseini, Nadergholi GhourchianThe purpose of this study was to provide a model to promote the desire for sustainability of education teachers. Methodology: This research is a mixed study, applied in terms of purpose, with content analysis in the qualitative part, and a descriptive survey in the quan MoreThe purpose of this study was to provide a model to promote the desire for sustainability of education teachers. Methodology: This research is a mixed study, applied in terms of purpose, with content analysis in the qualitative part, and a descriptive survey in the quantitative part. This study was conducted in three sections: library, qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative part included semi-structured interviews with experts to determine the dimensions, components and indicators of teachers' desire to sustainability, developing a questionnaire and determining the proposed mechanisms. The research population in the qualitative section included all experts in the field of education (experienced principals and teachers), 19 of whom were selected through purposive sampling, and in the quantitative section, the research population included all 10975 teachers of first grade high schools in Tehran. According to the Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated at 375 people, and then the questionnaire of desire for sustainability was distributed among teachers in selected schools, and finally 323 questionnaires were received from teachers and analyzed. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, and the tool in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire (the result of a combination of library and qualitative study) based on a 5-point Likert scale in both present and desirable situations. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated through convergent and divergent validity. The reliability of the questionnaire items was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.968) and combined reliability (0.970). Exploratory factor analysis, one-sample t-test and dependent t-test, structural equation modeling (SEM), Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data to check the validity of the questionnaire using Smart-PLS software. The results showed that teachers' desire for sustainability includes two dimensions of environmental factors with components of social, economic, welfare and livelihood, legal, organizational and social justice factors and professional factors with components of job, job satisfaction and quality of working life factors. A suitable tool for measuring teachers' desire for sustainability is a researcher-made questionnaire with 46 items. In this study, 30 mechanisms were proposed to promote teachers' desire for sustainability. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the proposed model of promoting teachers' desire for sustainability with 2 dimensions, 8 components and 38 indicators was approved. The degree of fit of the proposed research model was also confirmed with 0.99 confidence. The model of teachers 'desire for sustainability can be effective in promoting teachers' motivated desire for sustainability and increasing the quality of education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1147 - Identifying the Factors Affecting the Productivity of Education Managers in Lorestan Province
Hojat Falahpuor Ebrahim Pourhossini Shoja ArabanThe aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the productivity model of education managers in Lorestan province. The research method was integrated (qualitative-quantitative) and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population in the qualitative st MoreThe aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the productivity model of education managers in Lorestan province. The research method was integrated (qualitative-quantitative) and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population in the qualitative stage included 12 experts and in the quantitative stage all the principals of the secondary schools of Lorestan province were 411 people. To determine the qualitative sample size by theoretical saturation method and in the quantitative part, from Krejcie-Morgan table, 199 people (102 men and 97 women) were selected as a statistical sample and selected by cluster random sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was assessed by professors and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test and the value was 0.82. Spss26 software and lisrel structural equations were used for data analysis. The results of the qualitative section with Delphi panel showed that seven components of motivational factors, managerial factors, environmental factors, empowerment factors, acceptance factors, innovation factors and organizational factors and 62 indicators for managers' productivity were identified. The results of structural equations also showed that the factor load is motivational factors 0.84, managerial factors 0.79, environmental factors 0.80, empowerment factors 0.72, acceptance factors 0.83, innovation factors 0.69 and organizational factors 0.85. Also, all the estimation indicators of the measurement model indicated a good fit of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1148 - Identify environmental factors affecting the adoption of institutional vacuum management strategies in developing markets
fatemeh askari kamal sakhdari hasan esmailpour The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting institutional vacuum management strategies in emerging markets. Costs from institutional gaps and multinational corporations in emerging markets need to adopt strategies to manage these gaps. On the other h More The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting institutional vacuum management strategies in emerging markets. Costs from institutional gaps and multinational corporations in emerging markets need to adopt strategies to manage these gaps. On the other hand, research in this field has only examined the strategies of institutional vacuum management and less research has examined the factors affecting the adoption of these strategies. The present study has been conducted with a qualitative and exploratory approach and using a case study method based on a template. In this study, 13 international companies operating in Iran have been studied in-depth semi-structured. The results showed that the effective factors on the adoption of institutional vacuum management strategies include the type of vacuum and the consumer market (environmental factors), entry level and entry strategy (organizational factors). The findings of the present study are effective in explaining useful orientations for researchers in the field of international entrepreneurship as well as managers of companies operating in developing countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1149 - A Review of Citizenship Participation Policy Studies in the Field of Environment with Emphasis on the Need for Basic and Public Education
Mehdi Ahmadi Tonekaboni Nader Sheikholeslami Kandelusi Masood AhmadiThe environmental problems and issues and attempt to improve the environmental conditions for humans and other creatures have been among the most important challenges faced by developing countries such as Iran for many years. It should be confirmed in such conditions th MoreThe environmental problems and issues and attempt to improve the environmental conditions for humans and other creatures have been among the most important challenges faced by developing countries such as Iran for many years. It should be confirmed in such conditions that governments can’t solve all the imposed problems and damages to the environment. Therefore, some duties should be divided between government and citizens and people’s role should be changed from inactive observers to responsible citizens to improve their living environment resources. In such conditions, governors, decision-makers, and senior managers of the system won’t have any solution except alignment, engagement, and interactions to reduce the environmental problems and improve environmental indexes to rescue from these conditions. This interaction and cooperation can be studied only in the shadow of the basic and public education of members of the community of managers and officials and also resorting to the principles of sustainable development. This interaction and cooperation will be possible only in the light of the acquirable and sustainable development principles. The lack of the systematic awareness and knowledge among managers and decision-makers of the country is one of the biggest problems and challenges in this field. Thus, this research, as a developing and yet applied study, tries to examine the articles in this field and to design a policy-making pattern for civic engagement in the environmental field according to the importance of environmental plans and public engagement in developing its protection for economic plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1150 - The new organizational skills model of Azad University employees with emphasis on dimensions (information knowledge management, professional intelligence, environmental scanning)
fereshte pourmzaherian Badri Shah Talebi mahbobe sadat fadaviOrganizational skills have always been a central issue for organizations, but in recent decades, various developments that have led to the formation of the information paradigm at the global level have changed the type and nature of these skills in organizations. Now or MoreOrganizational skills have always been a central issue for organizations, but in recent decades, various developments that have led to the formation of the information paradigm at the global level have changed the type and nature of these skills in organizations. Now organizations need employees who have new organizational skills and can adapt themselves to the new situation. In this regard, the current research sought to present a model of new organizational skills of employees of Islamic Azad University with an emphasis on information-oriented dimensions. The research method was qualitative with thematic analysis approach. The data of the present research are all scientific articles in Farsi and English related to organizational skills that were published in reliable databases between 2007 and 2022 (for English articles) and 1389 and 1401 (for Persian articles(The method of purposive sampling was criterion-based, based on which, 45 articles (21 Persian articles and 24 English articles) were selected and reviewed. It was used to measure content validity using the relative coefficient of content validity (CVR). . The items whose CVR index value was less than 0.6 were removed and finally, 45 items were confirmed out of the initial 54 items. The findings of the research indicated that the new organizational skills related to information-oriented employees of Islamic Azad University are: information knowledge management (with organizing themes of information mentality, knowledge-oriented learning, creative innovation), environmental scanning. (with organizing themes of environmental awareness, environmental tracking, organizational vision, time management) and professional intelligence (with organizing themes of moral intelligence, cultural intelligence, social intelligence, strategic intelligence). These themes are closely related to each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1151 - The role of sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city of Isfahan physical education administrators and experts
Bahram Salehniya Zahra Keyvani Sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city in the presence of facilities involvedAnd according to different potentials can cause the development of regions and other social benefits, provide environmental The objective of this More Sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city in the presence of facilities involvedAnd according to different potentials can cause the development of regions and other social benefits, provide environmental The objective of this study was to investigate the role of sport tourism in socio-environmental development of the city of administrators and physical education experts of Isfahan. The population of this study consisted of 200 managers and experts in physical education and tourism travel agency established in Isfahan According to the Department of Tourism and Physical Education in 1389 and a sample of 132 was set by tables and Morgan Grjsy The tool measuring variables questionnaire was designed, validated Kendall coefficient was 89%.The research method was descriptive and survey data for this study was descriptive and inferential statistics Manoa research methods using multivariate analysis of variance, t-test, t Hotelling, t-test was used.The results showed that sport tourism in social development with a mean (40/4 and 42/3) and t-test (47/20) and environmentally-friendly development with a mean (78/3 and 78/2) and t-test (06 / 7) role and was involved at the level of 5% over the average level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1152 - Identifying the Most Influential Physical-Environmental Subcomponents of Social Housing on Users' Place Attachment (Case Study: Shiraz)
Kimia Sadat Tabibzadeh hamed mozterzadeh Mohammad Parva Vahideh HodjatiDifferent components and sub-components are important in the design of residential spaces. Social housing is important in terms of creating living spaces with collective uses for certain groups, which the government plays an important role in creating. Considering the p MoreDifferent components and sub-components are important in the design of residential spaces. Social housing is important in terms of creating living spaces with collective uses for certain groups, which the government plays an important role in creating. Considering the proven role of environmental psychology in space design, the upcoming research has been carried out with the aim of identifying the most influential physical-environmental sub-components on the place attachment of their users as one of the important issues related to environmental psychology. The research method used in the current study was descriptive-analytical with the method of collecting information in the form of library and survey studies with the help of relevant scientific texts and also a researcher-made questionnaire. After collecting related materials and categorizing the components related to the subject, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed and its validity was determined by Delphi method by experts and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha. According to Cochran's formula, it has been randomly distributed among 387 users of social housing complexes in Shiraz, who were identified with the help of Expert Choice 11 software based on the AHP model. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed by Excel and SPSS software with the help of ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple regression tests. The findings have determined that the most influential physical-environmental sub-components include: 1- "Hierarchy"; 2- "feeling of comfort"; 3- "dimensions and size" and "view and landscape" (on the same level); 4- "personalization" and 5- "material type". Manuscript profile
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