The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants
1 - Forests, rangelands and watershed Research Department, Kohgiluyeh-Boyerahmad Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yasouj, Iran
Keywords: Irrigation, Harvest Index, Biological Yield, Flower yield, Phosphorus, MycorrhizaAkbarinia, A., Karamati Taroghi, M., and Hadi Tavatouri, M. H. (2008). Investigating the effect of irrigation cycle on the yield of Iranian Borage flowers. Journal of research and construction in natural resources, 76: 128-122. Akbari Nodehi, D. (2010). Estimating the coefficient of evaporation pan in order to calculate evaporation-transpiration. Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2 (7): 65-74. Aliabadi Farahani, H., Lebaschi, M. H., Shiranirad, A. H., Valadabadi, S. A. R., Hamidi, A., and Alizadeh Sehzabi, A. (2007). The effects of Glomus hoi fungi, different levels of phosphorus and drought stress on some physiological characteristics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(3): 405-416. Ahwazi, M., and Rezwani Moghadam, A. (2010). Morphology, physiology and medicinal properties of medicinal plant seeds. Jahad University Publications, Tehran branch, 236 pages. Alizadeh, A. (2011). The relationship between water, soil and plants. 12th edition Publications of Imam Reza University, Mashhad. 615 pages. Askari, M., and Amini, F. (2010). A practical guide to plant physiology. First Edition. Arak University Press. 293 pages. Aslani, Z., Hassani , A., Rasooli Sadaghiyani, M., Sefidkon, F., and Barin, M. (2011). Effect of two fungi species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) on growth, chlorophyll contents and P concentration in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, 27(3): 471-486. (In Persian). Azimi, R., Jangjoo, M., and Asghari, H. R. (2013). The effect of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the initial establishment and morphological characteristics of the medicinal plant is is Thymus vulgaris in the natural field. Iranian Agricultural Research Journal, 11 (4): 666-676. Anjum, Sh. A., Xie, X. Y., Wang, Ch. L., Saleem, M. F., Man, Ch., and Lei, W.(2011). Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6: 2026-2032. Arndt S. K. K., Clifford S. C., Wanek W., Jones H. G., and Popp, M. (2001). Physiological and morphological adaptations of the fruit tree Ziziphus rotundifolia in response to progressive drought stress. Tree Physiology, 21: 705-715. Begum, N., Qin, C., Ahanger, M. A., Raza, S., Khan, M. I., Ashraf, M., Ahmed, N., and Zhang, L. (2019). Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant Growth Regulation: Implications in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 1068. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01068. Chaudhary, V., Kapoor, R., and Bhatnagar, A. K. (2007). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus application on artemisinin concentration in Artemisia annua L. Journal of Mycorrhiza, 17: 581-587. Doorenbos, J., and Pruitt, W. O. (1975). Guidelines for Predicting Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24, FAO, Rome. Enteshari, S. H., and Hajihashemi, F. (2010). Effect of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Species on Root Nodulation and Amounts of Some Elements in Soyabean on Salt Stress Condition, Journal of Plant Protection, 24( 3): 315-323. (In Persian). Farhadi, R., and Balashahri, M. S. (2012). Pharmacology of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) medicinal plant. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 3(2): 73-77. Ghasemi, K., and Fallah, S. A. (2014). Effect of drought stress and different fertilizers on biomass and efficiency of water consumption and biomass of Plantago ovata Forssk. Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Sciences), 28 (3): 510-501. Gogoi, P., and Singh, R. K. (2011). Different effect of some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of Piper longum L. (Piperaceae). Indian Journal of Sciences and Technology, 4(2): 119- 125. Heydari, N. (2013). Challenges and solutions to increase the water use efficiency of agricultural plants in Iran. Scientific-Promotion Journal of Research Findings in Agricultural and Garden Plants, 2(1): 25-51. Hosseini Mazinani, S. M., and Hadipour, A. R. (2014). Improving the quantitative and qualitative performance of the medicinal plant Calendula officinalis L. by using biofertilizers. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 15 (2): 83-91. Hemalatha, M., and Selvaraj, T. (2003). Association of AM fungi with Indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus) and its influence on growth and biomass production, Mycorrhiza News, 15(1): 18-21. Heydari, M., and Minaei, A. (2014). Effect of drought stress and humic acid on flower yield and concentration of essential nutrients in Borage medicinal plant (Borago officinalis L.). Plant Production Research Journal, (1): 167-182. Jafarzadeh, L. omidi, H., and Bostani, A. A. (2014). The study of drought stress and Bio fertilizer of nitrogen on some biochemical traits of Marigold medicinal plant (Calendula officinalis L.). Plant Research Journal (Iranian Biology Journal), (2): 180-193. (In Persian). Jalilvand, P., Ismailpour, B., Hadian, J., and Rasulzadeh, A. (2011). Effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal fungus on growth and secondary metabolites of savory. The 7th Congress of Horticultural Sciences of Iran. Isfahan University of Technology. Page 2. Khaosaad, T., Vierheilig, H., Nell, M., Zitterl-Eglseer, K., and Novak, J.(2006). Arbuscular mycorrhiza alters the concentration of essential oils in oregano (Origanum sp., Lamiaceae). Journal of Mycorrhiza, 16 (6):443-446. Koucheki, A., Bakshaei, S., Khorramdel, S., Mokhtari, V., and Taherabadi, Sh. (2015). The effect of symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi species on yield, yield components and water consumption efficiency of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under the influence of different irrigation regimes in Mashhad. Agricultural Research of Iran, 13 (3): 460-448. Koucheki, A., and Sarmadanya, Gh. (2005). Physiology of agricultural plants. second edition. Publications of Dibagaran Cultural and Artistic Institute of Tehran. 360 pages. Hoseini Mazinani, M., and Hadipour, A. (2014). Increasing Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Calendula officinalis L. by Using Bio-Fertilizer. J. Med. Plants, 13 (50) :83-91. Mirshkari, b. (2001). Science of crop plant production. Second volume, first edition. Publications of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. 608 pages. Mirzaei, Sh. (2014). Determining evaporation-transpiration and plant coefficients of Borage at Karakej research station of Tabriz University. Master's thesis. Soil science and engineering. Tabriz University. Ngouajio, M., Wang, G., and Goldy, R. (2007). Withholding of drip irrigation between transplanting and flowering increases the yield of field-grown tomato under plastic mulch. Agricultural water management 87: 285-291. Pandey, R. K., Maranville, J. W., and Admou, A. (2001). Tropical wheat response to irrigation and nitrogen in a Sahelian environment. I. Grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency. European Journal of Agronomy, 15: 93-105. Pirzad, A. R., and Solimani, F. (2014). The effect of fungi symbiotic mycorrhizae (VAM) on physiological and biochemical indices of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) under conditions of water scarcity. PhD thesis. Urmia University, College of Agriculture. Reddy, A. R., Chaitanya, K. Y., and Vivekanandan, M. (2004). Drought induced resposes of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany, 161: 1189-1202. Ruíz-Sánchez, M., Armada, E., Munoz, Y., Salamonec, G., Aroca, R., Ruíz-Lozano, J. M., and Azcón, R. (2011). Azospirillum and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization enhance rice growth and physiological traits under well-watered and drought conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 168: 1031–1037. Smith, S. E., Facelli, E., and Pope, S. (2010). Plant performance in stressful environments: interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plant and Soil, 326: 3-20. Soha, E., Nahed, G., and Bedour, H. (2010). Effect of water stress, ascorbic acid and spraying time on some morphological and biochemical composition of Ocimum basilicum plant. Journal of American Sciences, 6(12): 33-44. Soltanian, M., and Tadayon, A. (2015). The effect of symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some agricultural characteristics of linseed (Linum ussitatissimum L.) under drought stress conditions in Shahrekord Region. Plant Production Research Journal, 22 (2): 2-24. Taghipour Lahroudi, Z., Amoui, A. M., and Nazarian, H. (2017). Borrow flower production entrepreneurship package. Asrar Alam Publications, Tehran. First Edition. 68 pages.,
Abstract :
Identifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended.
Akbarinia, A., Karamati Taroghi, M., and Hadi Tavatouri, M. H. (2008). Investigating the effect of irrigation cycle on the yield of Iranian Borage flowers. Journal of research and construction in natural resources, 76: 128-122.
Akbari Nodehi, D. (2010). Estimating the coefficient of evaporation pan in order to calculate evaporation-transpiration. Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2 (7): 65-74.
Aliabadi Farahani, H., Lebaschi, M. H., Shiranirad, A. H., Valadabadi, S. A. R., Hamidi, A., and Alizadeh Sehzabi, A. (2007). The effects of Glomus hoi fungi, different levels of phosphorus and drought stress on some physiological characteristics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(3): 405-416.
Ahwazi, M., and Rezwani Moghadam, A. (2010). Morphology, physiology and medicinal properties of medicinal plant seeds. Jahad University Publications, Tehran branch, 236 pages.
Alizadeh, A. (2011). The relationship between water, soil and plants. 12th edition Publications of Imam Reza University, Mashhad. 615 pages.
Askari, M., and Amini, F. (2010). A practical guide to plant physiology. First Edition. Arak University Press. 293 pages.
Aslani, Z., Hassani , A., Rasooli Sadaghiyani, M., Sefidkon, F., and Barin, M. (2011). Effect of two fungi species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) on growth, chlorophyll contents and P concentration in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, 27(3): 471-486. (In Persian).
Azimi, R., Jangjoo, M., and Asghari, H. R. (2013). The effect of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the initial establishment and morphological characteristics of the medicinal plant is is Thymus vulgaris in the natural field. Iranian Agricultural Research Journal, 11 (4): 666-676.
Anjum, Sh. A., Xie, X. Y., Wang, Ch. L., Saleem, M. F., Man, Ch., and Lei, W.(2011). Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6: 2026-2032.
Arndt S. K. K., Clifford S. C., Wanek W., Jones H. G., and Popp, M. (2001). Physiological and morphological adaptations of the fruit tree Ziziphus rotundifolia in response to progressive drought stress. Tree Physiology, 21: 705-715.
Begum, N., Qin, C., Ahanger, M. A., Raza, S., Khan, M. I., Ashraf, M., Ahmed, N., and Zhang, L. (2019). Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant Growth Regulation: Implications in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 1068. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01068.
Chaudhary, V., Kapoor, R., and Bhatnagar, A. K. (2007). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus application on artemisinin concentration in Artemisia annua L. Journal of Mycorrhiza, 17: 581-587.
Doorenbos, J., and Pruitt, W. O. (1975). Guidelines for Predicting Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24, FAO, Rome.
Enteshari, S. H., and Hajihashemi, F. (2010). Effect of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Species on Root Nodulation and Amounts of Some Elements in Soyabean on Salt Stress Condition, Journal of Plant Protection, 24( 3): 315-323. (In Persian).
Farhadi, R., and Balashahri, M. S. (2012). Pharmacology of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) medicinal plant. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 3(2): 73-77.
Ghasemi, K., and Fallah, S. A. (2014). Effect of drought stress and different fertilizers on biomass and efficiency of water consumption and biomass of Plantago ovata Forssk. Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Sciences), 28 (3): 510-501.
Gogoi, P., and Singh, R. K. (2011). Different effect of some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of Piper longum L. (Piperaceae). Indian Journal of Sciences and Technology, 4(2): 119- 125.
Heydari, N. (2013). Challenges and solutions to increase the water use efficiency of agricultural plants in Iran. Scientific-Promotion Journal of Research Findings in Agricultural and Garden Plants, 2(1): 25-51.
Hosseini Mazinani, S. M., and Hadipour, A. R. (2014). Improving the quantitative and qualitative performance of the medicinal plant Calendula officinalis L. by using biofertilizers. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 15 (2): 83-91.
Hemalatha, M., and Selvaraj, T. (2003). Association of AM fungi with Indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus) and its influence on growth and biomass production, Mycorrhiza News, 15(1): 18-21.
Heydari, M., and Minaei, A. (2014). Effect of drought stress and humic acid on flower yield and concentration of essential nutrients in Borage medicinal plant (Borago officinalis L.). Plant Production Research Journal, (1): 167-182.
Jafarzadeh, L. omidi, H., and Bostani, A. A. (2014). The study of drought stress and Bio fertilizer of nitrogen on some biochemical traits of Marigold medicinal plant (Calendula officinalis L.). Plant Research Journal (Iranian Biology Journal), (2): 180-193. (In Persian).
Jalilvand, P., Ismailpour, B., Hadian, J., and Rasulzadeh, A. (2011). Effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal fungus on growth and secondary metabolites of savory. The 7th Congress of Horticultural Sciences of Iran. Isfahan University of Technology. Page 2.
Khaosaad, T., Vierheilig, H., Nell, M., Zitterl-Eglseer, K., and Novak, J.(2006). Arbuscular mycorrhiza alters the concentration of essential oils in oregano (Origanum sp., Lamiaceae). Journal of Mycorrhiza, 16 (6):443-446.
Koucheki, A., Bakshaei, S., Khorramdel, S., Mokhtari, V., and Taherabadi, Sh. (2015). The effect of symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi species on yield, yield components and water consumption efficiency of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under the influence of different irrigation regimes in Mashhad. Agricultural Research of Iran, 13 (3): 460-448.
Koucheki, A., and Sarmadanya, Gh. (2005). Physiology of agricultural plants. second edition. Publications of Dibagaran Cultural and Artistic Institute of Tehran. 360 pages.
Hoseini Mazinani, M., and Hadipour, A. (2014). Increasing Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Calendula officinalis L. by Using Bio-Fertilizer. J. Med. Plants, 13 (50) :83-91.
Mirshkari, b. (2001). Science of crop plant production. Second volume, first edition. Publications of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. 608 pages.
Mirzaei, Sh. (2014). Determining evaporation-transpiration and plant coefficients of Borage at Karakej research station of Tabriz University. Master's thesis. Soil science and engineering. Tabriz University.
Ngouajio, M., Wang, G., and Goldy, R. (2007). Withholding of drip irrigation between transplanting and flowering increases the yield of field-grown tomato under plastic mulch. Agricultural water management 87: 285-291.
Pandey, R. K., Maranville, J. W., and Admou, A. (2001). Tropical wheat response to irrigation and nitrogen in a Sahelian environment. I. Grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency. European Journal of Agronomy, 15: 93-105.
Pirzad, A. R., and Solimani, F. (2014). The effect of fungi symbiotic mycorrhizae (VAM) on physiological and biochemical indices of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) under conditions of water scarcity. PhD thesis. Urmia University, College of Agriculture.
Reddy, A. R., Chaitanya, K. Y., and Vivekanandan, M. (2004). Drought induced resposes of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany, 161: 1189-1202.
Ruíz-Sánchez, M., Armada, E., Munoz, Y., Salamonec, G., Aroca, R., Ruíz-Lozano, J. M., and Azcón, R. (2011). Azospirillum and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization enhance rice growth and physiological traits under well-watered and drought conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 168: 1031–1037.
Smith, S. E., Facelli, E., and Pope, S. (2010). Plant performance in stressful environments: interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plant and Soil, 326: 3-20.
Soha, E., Nahed, G., and Bedour, H. (2010). Effect of water stress, ascorbic acid and spraying time on some morphological and biochemical composition of Ocimum basilicum plant. Journal of American Sciences, 6(12): 33-44.
Soltanian, M., and Tadayon, A. (2015). The effect of symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some agricultural characteristics of linseed (Linum ussitatissimum L.) under drought stress conditions in Shahrekord Region. Plant Production Research Journal, 22 (2): 2-24.
Taghipour Lahroudi, Z., Amoui, A. M., and Nazarian, H. (2017). Borrow flower production entrepreneurship package. Asrar Alam Publications, Tehran. First Edition. 68 pages.
