Phytochemical variations of Perilla frutescens L. var. crispa essential oils in different cultivation areas

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

Najmeh  Abbasi ¹ (Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
Mohammad Hossein  Mirjalili ² (Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran)
Raheleh  Ebrahimi ³ (Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
Hassanali  Naghdi Badi ⁴ (Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran)
Amir  Sahraroo ⁵ (Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan)

Received: 2022-02-07 Accepted : 2022-04-07 Published : 2023-03-21

Keywords: cultivar, Environmental changes, Perilla frutescens, Active substance, Monoterpene, Sesquiterpene,

Abstract :

Perilla frutescens var. crispa, a medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family is widely used for the treatment of constipation, asthma, and skin disorders, and also as spice. As climatic, environmental, and edaphological conditions of the plant habitats affect active substances of medicinal plants, quantitative and qualitative changes in the essential oil content and composition of the plants cultivated in the Research Farms of four regions of Iran (Rasht, Noor, Khorramabad, and Neishabour) were evaluated in the present study in 2020. Aerial organs of the plants were collected at the vegetative stage and their essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation. The essential oils were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the studied areas, the highest and lowest altitudes were Neishabour and Rasht, respectively. The climatic classification of Rasht and Noor was also more similar. The essential oil contents (%w/w) of the plant samples in Rasht, Noor, Neishabour, and Khorramabad were 1.45, 1.33, 1.26, and 1.16, respectively. In total, 28, 27, 25, and 27 compounds were identified in Noor, Rasht, Khorramabad, and Neishabour regions, respectively. (E)-Caryophyllene (42.4-58.7%), α-cadinol (8.2-16.5%), (E)-nerolidol (3.8-9.5%), α-dehydro-elsholtzia ketone (2.1-7.5%), cis-dihydro-α-terpinyl acetate (1.0-7.5%), and egoma ketone (0.2-5.5%) were the major essential oil compounds at different regions. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (44.9-61.2%) were the major class of the compounds of essential oils. Cluster analysis based on the essential oil compositions classified the studied areas into two distinct groups. Noor and Rasht were clustered in one group and Khorramabad and Neishabour were clustered in the other group. Results showed that temperate regions are suitable to increase the essential oil contents of the plants, while arid and semi-arid regions can improve the quality of essential oils.

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