The Role of International Regimes in Managing Environmental Crises in West Asia
Subject Areas : Political Sciences- International RelationsREZA Junaid 1 , davood kiani 2 , Nafiseh alsadat Ghaderi 3
1 -
2 - Faculty member
3 - Full-time Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: International regimes, environmental crises, neoliberal institutionalism, West Asia, global governance,
Abstract :
International regimes play a key role in managing environmental crises, especially in regions such as West Asia, which faces numerous environmental challenges such as water scarcity, air pollution, and climate change. This study examines the dimensions and impact of these regimes by posing the main question, “What role do international regimes play in managing environmental crises in West Asia?” The main hypothesis of the study states that international regimes, by establishing regional and international cooperation frameworks, have been able to play an effective role in reducing and managing environmental crises in West Asia, but this role has been limited due to political, economic, and cultural reasons in the region. The research method is descriptive-analytical and information was collected through library studies, statistical data analysis, and review of relevant international documents and treaties. The conclusion of this study suggests that strengthening the role of international regimes in managing environmental crises in West Asia requires more active participation of regional countries, increased commitment to environmental treaties, and the creation of more coordinated regional structures to address environmental challenges. This can lead to improved environmental quality and sustainable development in the region.
منابع: رحمانی، س. (۱۳۹۷). بیابانزایی و اثرات آن بر امنیت غذایی در خاورمیانه. مرکز پژوهشهای زیستمحیطی، گزارش شماره ۴۲.
سجادی، ع.، و همکاران. (۱۴۰۰). مدیریت پایدار منابع طبیعی در غرب آسیا: راهکارها و چالشها. مجله محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار، ۱۲(۲)، ۸۰-۹۵.
فتحی، م. (۱۳۹۸). «بررسی اثرات بیابانزایی در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک ایران». انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
رئیسیدهکردی، م. (۱۴۰۰). تشریح انواع آلودگیها در منابع آبی و حفاظت از منابع آب. نشریه ملی مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، ۱(۱)، ۵۰-۶۵. بازیابیشده ازhttps://www.jnace.ir/article_154373.html
عسکریبزایه، م.، و همکاران. (۱۳۹۹). تحلیلی بر وضعیت و زمینههای بحران محیطی در غرب آسیا. فصلنامه محیط راهبردی، ۴(۱۱)، ۱۵۸-۱۷۰. بازیابیشده از https://jse.sndu.ac.ir/article_2147.html
معدنی، ج. (۱۳۹۵). بحرانهای زیستمحیطی جنوب غرب آسیا با تأکید بر بحران آب. اولین همایش بینالمللی بحرانهای ژئوپلیتیکی جهان اسلام. بازیابیشده از https://civilica.com/doc/584338
Resources Axelrod, R., & Keohane, R. O. (1985). Achieving cooperation under anarchy: Strategies and institutions. World Politics, 38(1), 226-254.
Al-Ansari, N. (2013). Management of Water Resources in Iraq: Perspectives and Prognoses. Engineering, 5(8), 667-684. Bodansky, D. (2010). The Copenhagen climate change conference: A postmortem. American Journal of International Law,
104(2), 230-240.
Bodansky, D. (2016). The Paris climate change agreement: A new hope? American Journal of International Law, 110(2), 288-319. CBD. (2020). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. Convention on Biological Diversity. GEF. (2019). »Impact Evaluation of GEF Support in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations«. Global Environment Facility.
Gleick, P. H. (2014). Water, Drought, Climate Change, and Conflict in Syria. Weather, Climate, and Society, 6(3), 331-34 IPCC. (2022). Sixth Assessment Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Keohane, R. O. (1984). »After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy«. Princeton University Press.
Matthews, G. V. T. (2013). The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: Its History and Development. Ramsar Convention Secretariat.
Najam, A., Papa, M., & Taiyab, N. (2003). Global Environmental Governance: A Reform Agenda. International Institute for Sustainable Development.
Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (2001). »Power and Interdependence«. Longman Princeton University Press.
UNEP. (2018). »West Asia regional assessment«. United Nations Environment Programme.
Ramsar Convention. (2018). The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance. Ramsar Secretariat.
Ramsar Convention Secretariat. (2021). The List of Wetlands of International Importance. Safi, K., & Khodagholi, F. (2019). Climate change and biodiversity conservation in Middle East: A systematic review of the
literature. Journal of Arid Environments, 167, 1-13.
UNCCD. (2017). Global Land Outlook. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
UNEP. (2018). West Asia regional assessment. United Nations Environment Programme.
UNCCD. (2018). The Global Land Outlook. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
UNFCCC. (2018). Paris Agreement: Essential Elements. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
UNEP. (2021). Global Environmental Outlook 6. United Nations Environment Programme. UNEP (2021). The State of the Environment in the Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities. United Nations Environment Programme.
Victor, D. G. (2011). »Global Warming Gridlock: Creating More Effective Strategies for Protecting the Planet«. Cambridge University Press.
Victor, D. G. (2001). »The collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the struggle to slow global warming«. Princeton University Press.
World Bank. (2016). Air Pollution in MENA: Causes, Costs, and Solutions. World Bank Publications.
Wolf, A. T. (1998). Conflict and cooperation along international waterways. Water Policy, 1(2), 251–265. Young, O. R. (1989). »International Cooperation: Building Regimes for Natural Resources and the Environment«. Cornell University Press.
Young, O. R. (2008). Institutions and Environmental Change: Principal Findings, Applications, and Research Frontiers. MIT Press.
Zawahri, N. A. (2008). Designing river commissions in the developing world: An analysis of treaty design on the Ganges and
Nile Rivers. International Negotiation, 13(3), 343-370. Zhang, P., Zhang, J., & Chen, M. (2017). Economic impacts of climate change on agriculture: The importance of additional climatic variables other than temperature and precipitation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 83, 8-31.