Extention environmental ethics with an emphasis on lifestyle changes

Subject Areas : environmental low

bahman  khosravipour ¹ (Professor University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran )Corresponding author()
AMENEH  SAVARIMOMBENI ² (Ph.D. University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.)

Received: 2018-07-15 Accepted : 2019-02-06 Published : 2022-06-22

Keywords: Agricultural extension, Environmental Ethics, lifestyle change,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: Today, the environmental crisis has become a serious issue and one of the most challenging issues. Because the important and long-term consequences of human activity on the environment are increasing more rapidly. Accordingly, theorists believe that all the environmental problems caused by human activities, they will not be solved by the mere use of technology, and changes in human behavior are required. This study aims to review, analyze and explain Extension their environmental ethics.Method: This research, in a review and analytical way, was looking for appropriate ethical behavior in relation to the environment, which collected information using library resources and internet sites.Results: According to research findings, many environmental issues today are directly or indirectly the result of everyday human behavior. Many believe that the solution to the environmental crisis must change human behavior and lifestyle changes searched for him on the ground. Hence, changing lifestyles as a driving force for Extension environmental awareness using patterns and behaviors. Instead of destroying the environment, humans can play an important role in reducing and controlling environmental problems and problems by adjusting their needs and adapting their lifestyles to existing constraints.Conclusion: In this regard, extention training can spur the sense of trustworthiness and accountability of people so that they can play a more effective role in protecting the environment.

References:

• Bourdeau‏‏ The‏ man-nature‏ relationship‏ and‏ environmental‏ ethics.‏ Journal‏ of‏ Environmental‏ Radioactivity‏ 2004;‏ 72:‏ 9-15.


• Ehrich‏‏ Human‏ nature,‏ nature‏ conservation,‏ and‏ environmental‏ ethics.‏ BioScience‏ 2002;‏ 52(1):‏ 31-43.‏


• Miller,‏‏ (2013).‏ Environmental‏ problem‏ solving:‏ psychosocial‏ barriers‏ to‏ adaptive‏ change.‏ Springer‏ Science‏ &‏ Business‏ Media.


• Milfont,‏‏ L.,‏ &‏ Duckitt,‏ J.‏ (2004).‏ The‏ structure‏ of‏ environmental‏ attitudes:‏ A‏ first-and‏ second-order‏ confirmatory‏ factor‏ analysis.‏ Journal‏ of‏ Environmental‏ Psychology,‏ 24(3),‏ 289-303.‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏


• 5-Ai‏ He,‏,‏ Greenberg,‏ S.‏ (2008).‏ Motivating‏ in‏ Sustainable‏ Energy‏ Consumption‏ in‏ the‏ Home,‏ Dept‏ of‏ Computer‏ Science,‏ University‏ of‏ Calgary,‏ AB‏ T2N‏ 1N4.‏ ‏


• ‏ Abedi‏ Sarostani,‏ A,‏ Shah‏ Vali,‏‏ (2007).‏ Necessity‏ and‏ features‏ of‏ research‏ in‏ environmental‏ ethics,‏ Ethics‏ in‏ Science‏ and‏ Technology‏ Quarterly,‏ third‏ year,‏ numbers‏ 3‏ and‏ 4,‏ 2007‏ (In‏ Persian).‏ ‏ ‏


• Mehboubi,‏‏ R.,‏ and‏ Ramezani,‏ N.‏ (2011).‏ Assessing‏ the‏ environmental‏ ethics‏ of‏ villagers‏ in‏ Golestan‏ province,‏ Ethics‏ in‏ Science‏ and‏ Technology‏ Quarterly,‏ Volume‏ 6,‏ Number‏ 3‏ (In‏ Persian).


• Alavi‏ Moghadam,‏‏ R,‏ and‏ Ghasemi,‏ A.‏ (2009).‏ Environmental‏ ethics‏ and‏ philosophy‏ and‏ the‏ need‏ to‏ pay‏ attention‏ to‏ its‏ role‏ in‏ today's‏ world,‏ Man‏ and‏ Environment,‏ Volume‏ 8,‏ Number‏ 4,‏ Winter‏ 2009,‏ pp.‏ 56-51.‏ (In‏ Persian).‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏


• Dallmeyer‏ DG‏ (2006).‏ Incorporating‏ environmental‏ ethics‏ into‏ ecosystem-based‏‏ Presented‏ in:‏ 6th‏ Marine‏ Law‏ Symposium.‏ Roger‏ Williams‏

 

University‏ School‏ of‏ Law,‏ Bristol,‏ Rhode‏ Island;‏ October‏ 19-20.

• Monostori,‏,‏ and‏ Horich,‏ B.‏ (2008).‏ Studies‏ environmental‏ awareness:‏ Attitude‏ or‏ action?‏ Journal‏ of‏ Review‏ of‏ Sociology,‏ 14‏ (2),‏ 5-31.


• Misbah‏ Yazdi,‏‏ T.,‏ (2010).‏Moral‏ philosophy.‏Researched‏ and‏ written‏ by‏ Ahmad‏ Hossein‏ Sharifi.‏Tehran:‏ International‏ Publishing‏ Company.‏ (In‏ Persian).‏


• Azar,‏ A,‏ Rabieh,‏ M‏ and‏ Qitasi,‏‏ (2008).‏ Ethics‏ in‏ Management‏ Science,‏ Ethics‏ in‏ Science‏ and‏ Technology‏ Quarterly,‏ 3rd‏ year,‏ numbers‏ 1‏ and‏ 2,‏ 2008‏ (In‏ Persian).‏


• Bidhandi,‏‏ and‏ Shiravand,‏ M.‏ (2014).‏Examining‏ environmental‏ ethics‏ by‏ processing‏ the‏ theory‏ of‏ Gaia‏ and‏ the‏ philosophical‏ rule‏ of‏ Basit‏ al-Haqiqah,‏ two‏ scientific-research‏ quarterly‏ journals‏ of‏ religious‏ anthropology,‏ year‏ 12,‏ number‏ 33,‏ spring‏ and‏ summer‏ 2014,‏ pages‏ 77-95‏ (In‏ Persian).‏


• ‏ Abedi‏ Sarvostani,‏ A,‏ Shah‏ Vali,‏‏ (2008).‏ The‏ role‏ of‏ agricultural‏ promotion‏ in‏ promoting‏ the‏ environmental‏ ethics‏ of‏ farmers,‏ Ethics‏ in‏ Science‏ and‏ Technology‏ Quarterly,‏ 4th‏ year,‏ numbers‏ 1‏ and‏ 2,‏ 2018‏ (In‏ Persian).‏ ‏


• Steg,‏,‏ &‏ Vlek,‏ C.‏ (2009).‏ Encouraging‏ pro-environmental‏ behaviour:‏ An‏ integrative‏ review‏ and‏ research‏ agenda.‏ Journal‏ of‏ environmental‏ psychology,‏ 29(3),‏ 309-317


• Rshm,‏‏ M.‏ K.‏ (2000).‏ Care‏ for‏ Creation:‏ Human‏ Activity‏ and‏ the‏ Environment.‏ Libreria‏ Editrice‏ Vaticana,‏ Vatican‏ City,‏ 109,‏ 3.


• Robinson,‏ D,‏ Garrett,‏‏Ethics:‏ The‏ first‏ step.‏ Translation:‏ Ali‏ Akbar‏ Abdulabadi.‏Shirazeh,‏ Tehran,‏ 1999‏(In‏ Persian).‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏


• Benson,‏‏Environmental‏ ethics:‏ introductions‏ and‏ essays.‏Translation:‏ Abdul‏ Hossein‏ Wahabzadeh.‏Academic‏ Jihad‏ Publications,‏ Mashhad,‏ 2003‏ (In‏ Persian).‏ ‏


• Nordlund,‏‏ Gorvill,‏ J.‏ (2002).‏ Value‏ structures‏ behind‏ pro‏ environmental‏ behavior.‏ Journal‏ of‏ environmental‏ and‏ behavior,‏ Vol.‏ 34,‏ No.‏ 6.‏ 740-750.


• Tavakoli,‏‏ and‏ Shahzaei,‏ A.,‏ Hamid.‏ (2016).‏Analysis‏ of‏ the‏ impact‏ of‏ media‏ power‏ on‏ the‏ lifestyle‏ of‏ the‏ border‏ villagers‏ (Zahk)‏ of‏ Sistan,‏ scientific-research‏ quarterly‏ of‏ soft‏power‏ studies,‏ 7th‏ year,‏ 16th‏ issue,‏ spring‏ and‏ summer‏ 2016.


• Koh,‏‏ S.,‏ Jang,‏ S.‏ N.,‏ Paik,‏ N.‏ J.,‏ Kim,‏ K.‏ W.,‏ and‏ Lim,‏ J.‏ Y.‏ (2014).‏ Age‏ and‏ gender‏ patterns‏ in‏ associations‏ between‏ lifestyle‏ factors‏ and‏ physical‏ performance‏ in‏ older‏ Korean‏ adults.‏ Archives‏ of‏ gerontology‏ and‏ geriatrics,‏ 59(2),‏ 338-345.‏


• Zhang,‏,‏ Deng,‏ J.,‏ Majumdar,‏ S.,‏ &‏ Zheng,‏ B.‏ (2009).‏ Globalization‏ of‏ lifestyle:‏ Golfing‏ in‏ China.‏ In‏ The‏ New‏ Middle‏ Classes‏ (pp.‏ 143-158).‏ Springer,‏ Dordrecht.


• Jiang,‏,‏ Ferreira‏ Jr,‏ J.,‏ &‏ González,‏ M.‏ C.‏ (2012).‏ Analyzing‏ Household‏ Lifestyles,‏ Mobility,‏ and‏ Activity‏ Profiles:‏ A‏ Case‏ Study‏ of‏ Singapore.


• Reusswig,‏,‏ Lotze-Campen,‏ H.,‏ &‏ Gerlinger,‏ K.‏ (2003,‏ October).‏ Changing‏ global‏ lifestyle‏ and‏ consumption‏ patterns:‏ the‏ case‏ of‏ energy‏ and‏ food.‏ In‏ PERN‏ workshop‏ on‏ population,‏ consumption‏ and‏ the‏ environment‏ (Vol.‏ 19).


• Capra,‏‏ (2007).‏Hidden‏ Links,‏ translated‏ by‏ Mohammad‏Hariri‏ Akbari,‏ Tehran:‏ Nei‏ Publishing.‏ (In‏ Persian).‏ ‏


• Aghili,M,‏ Khoshfar,‏‏ and‏ Salehi,‏ S.‏ (2008).‏Social‏ capital‏ and‏ responsible‏ environmental‏ behaviors‏ in‏ northern‏ Iran,‏ in‏ Journal‏ of‏ Agricultural‏ Sciences‏ and‏ Natural‏ Resources,‏ Volume‏ 16.‏ (In‏ Persian).‏


• Rezaei,‏ M‏ and‏ Shabiri,‏‏ (2014).‏ The‏ relationship‏ between‏ the‏ use‏ of‏ information‏ and‏ communication‏ technologies‏ (with‏ an‏ emphasis‏ on‏ the‏ Internet)‏ and‏ environmental‏ literacy‏ of‏ students.‏ Human‏ and‏ Environment‏ Quarterly,‏ 12(4),‏ 40-58(In‏ Persian).‏ ‏


• Broms,‏,‏ Bång,‏ M.,‏ &‏ Hjelm,‏ S.‏ I.‏ (2009).‏ Persuasive‏ Engagement:‏ Exploiting‏ lifestyle‏ as‏ a‏ driving‏ force‏ to‏ promote‏ energy-aware‏ use‏ patterns‏ and‏ behaviours.


• Pourqasem,‏ F,‏ Ali‏ Beigi,‏ A‏ and‏ Papzan,‏,‏ H.‏ (2016).‏A‏ comparative‏ comparison‏ of‏ the‏ philosophical‏ pillars‏ of‏ promotion‏ with‏ strategic‏ environmental‏ theories‏ for‏ rural‏ environmental‏ management,‏ Environmental‏ Education‏ and‏ Sustainable‏ Development‏ Quarterly,‏ 6th‏ year,‏ 1st‏ issue,‏ autumn‏ 2016.‏ (In‏ Persian).‏


• Zeraat‏ Kish,‏‏ (2015).‏Economic‏ valuation‏ of‏ water‏ in‏ the‏ agricultural‏ sector‏ with‏ an‏ environmental‏ approach,‏ Iranian‏ Journal‏ of‏ Economic‏ Research‏and‏ Agricultural‏ Development,‏ Volume‏ 2-47,‏ Number‏ 1,‏ (259-269).‏ (In‏ Persian).‏ ‏


• Kroma‏ MM‏ (2003).‏ Reshaping‏ extension‏ education‏ curricula‏ for‏ 21st‏ century‏ agricultural‏ development‏ in‏ sub-Saharan‏‏ In:‏ Proceedings‏ of‏ the‏ 19^‏ Annual‏ Conference‏ of‏ AIAEE.‏ Raleigh,‏ North‏ Carolina.‏ pp:‏ 353-365.‏ ‏


• Shabanali‏ Fami,‏‏ (2013).‏ Principles‏ of‏ agricultural‏ promotion‏ and‏ education,‏ Payam‏ Noor‏ University‏ Publications.‏ (In‏ Persian).‏ ‏


• Katuwal,‏‏ B.‏ (2012).‏ Demand‏ for‏ water‏ quality:‏ Empirical‏ evidence‏ from‏ a‏ knowledge,‏ attitude,‏ behavior,‏ and‏ choice‏ experiment‏ survey‏ about‏ the‏ Bagmati‏ River‏ in‏ Kathmandu,‏ Nepal‏ (Doctoral‏ dissertation,‏ The‏ University‏ of‏ New‏ Mexico).


• Ma,‏,‏ Andrews-Speed,‏ P.,‏ &‏ Zhang,‏ J.‏ (2013).‏ Chinese‏ consumer‏ attitudes‏ towards‏ energy‏ saving:‏ The‏ case‏ of‏ household‏ electrical‏ appliances‏ in‏ Chongqing.‏ Energy‏ Policy,‏ 56,‏ 591-602.