Evaluation of Effective Factors in Environmental Security of Traditional Neighborhoods from the Perspective of users with the CPTED Approach (Case Study: Faizabad Neighborhood of Kermanshah City)

Subject Areas : Architecture and urbanization

Hassan sajadzadeh ¹ , mohammad motaghed ² , Rezvan yarhaghi ³ , Somayeh Mozafari ⁴

1 - Associate Professor, Department of Urbanism, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 - Ph.D in Urbanism, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 - M.A in Architecture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
4 - M.A in Architecture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

Received: 2022-07-17 Accepted : 2022-10-12 Published : 2024-02-20

Keywords: Environmental Security, Kermanshah city, Spatial links, Faizabad neighborhood, Physical-Functional Factors,

Abstract :

Introduction: Preventing crime and establishing security through environmental design in human settlements has always been of great importance throughout history.Research Aim: The basis of this research is based on the inference and extraction of environmental design indicators and factors that have played an effective role in establishing security in the past neighborhoods, which deals with the application of these factors and experiences in establishing environmental security in new settlements.Methodology: The present research has been used descriptive-analytical method to infer and evaluate environmental security indicators in neighborhoods and traditional settlements. Then, by using the questionnaire tool (360 numbers) and analyzing it through SPSS software, through t-test and factor analysis, the data has been deduced and analyzed. Also, in order to analyze the role of spatial links in establishing security, Depth Map software has been used, as well as comparative tests and correlation matrix coefficients to check the relationship between the components of the variables.Studied Areas: The sample under study is one of the most important traditional and luxury neighborhoods of Kermanshah, named Faiz Abad neighborhood. This neighborhood is one of the old neighborhoods that was formed around the historical center of the city and dates back to more than a hundred years ago.Results: The findings of the research show that the most important environmental design factors affecting the improvement of security in human settlements in traditional localities are: functional, physical quality and the amount of spatial links in these types of tissues, which pay attention to the physical and functional diversity in Urban neighborhoods play a greater role in the security of urban neighborhoods.Conclusion: The results of the research show that among the indicators of physical-functional factors, the mixed use of spaces with mixed uses and entrances to the fabric of neighborhoods, and among the indicators of spatial connection factors, tissue ossification and density in the tissue have the highest priority over others. The indicators in environmental security are from the perspective of residents in this neighborhood.

References:

پورمحمدی، محمدرضا و قربانیان، مهشید. (1396). ترس از جرم در فضای شهری؛ شناسایی مؤلفه­ های مکانی اثرگذار بر کنترل ترس و افزایش امنیت اجتماعی بر پایه چارچوب­های نظری. معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر، 10 (19)، 190-177.

چهارراهی، ذبیح الله. (1385). مشارکت مردمی و هویت محله­ ای، رهیافتی برای تحقق هویت شهری. اولین همایش ملی عمران شهری (صص. 78-65)، سنندج: دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج.

رحمتی، منصور؛ یزدانی، محمدحسن و  پاشازاده، اصغر. (1400). شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر وقوع جرم درگیری (مطالعه موردی: شهر اردبیل). مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه­های انسانی، 16(1)، 190-175.

زیاری، کرامت الله؛ شهسواری، محمدسینا و نجفی، اسماعیل. (1398). ارزیابی تأثیر بافت اسلامی بر احساس امنیت بر اساس اصول نسل دوم CPTED  (مطالعه موردی: محلّه فهادان شهر یزد). مطالعات برنامه ­ریزی سکونتگاه­های انسانی، 14(2)، 292-275.

کاظمی، مهروش. (1388). رویـکردی تحلیلی به مقولة جنسیت و تأثیر آن در کیفیت فـضا (نمونةمورد مطالعه: پارک فجر تبریز). هویـت شهر. 3(4) ، 58-47 .

لطفی، صدیقه و ساسانی پور، محمد. (1399). تحلیل نقش عوامل محیطی در امنیت فضاهای عمومی شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر شیراز). مطالعات برنامه ­ریزی سکونتگاه­های انسانی، 15(3)، 758-745.

معتمدی، محمد؛ رسولی، سیدحسن؛ نصیری، محمد. (1398). ارزیابی میزان رضایت شهروندان از عملکرد مدیریت شهری در حوزه خدمات شهری، مطالعه موردی: شهر فاروج. تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی. ۱۹(۵۵)، 116-99.

 ویسی، میثم و مجتبی، فرهمند .(1397). نقش طراحی محیطی در پیشگیری از جرم. مطالعات علوم اجتماعی. 4 (3)، 93-87.

Biswas,N.(2021). Is the environment a security threat? Environmental Security beyond Securitization. International Affairs Review, 2(1),1-22.

Cabanek, A., Zingoni de Baro, M.E., & Newman, P. (2020). Biophilic streets: a design framework for creating multiple urban benefits. Sustainable Earth,3(7), 1-17.

Chang, D. (2011). Social Crime or Spatial Crime? Exploring the Effects of Social, Economical, and Spatial Factors on Burglary Rates. Journal of Environment and Behavior, 43(1), 26-52.

Cozens, P., & Hillier, D. (2012). Revisiting Jane Jacobs’s ‘Eyes on the Street’for the Twenty-First Century. Evidence from Environmental Criminology. In (Eds.), 196-214.

Crowe, T. (2000). Crime Prevention through Environmental Design: Applications of Architectural Design and Space Management Concepts. Butterworth-Heinemann. (2^th Ed.). Oxford: Sage Publication.

Gibson,V. (2016). Third Generation CPTED? Rethinking the Basis for Crime Prevention Strategies. Doctoral thesis, Northumbria University.

Hepp, A. ( 2011). A Concretization of Mediatization: How‘Mediatization Works’ and Why Mediatized Worlds Are a Helpful Concept for Empirical Mediatization Research. Empedocles. European Journal for the Philosophy of Communication, 3(2), 137–152.

Hillier, B. (1996). Space Is the Machine: A Configurational Theory of Architecture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Horrobin, B., & Phipps, A. (2014). Measuring Exterior Safety of Canadian Residential Neighbourhoods. Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, 2, 132-149.

Jamme, H.-T. W., Bahl, D., & Banerjee, T. (2018). Between Broken Windows” and the “Eyes on the Street: Walking to School in Inner City San Diego. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 55, 121–138. Koohsari, M. J., Oka, K., Owen, N., & Sugiyama, T. (2019). Natural Movement: A Space Syntax Theory Linking Urban form and Function with Walking for Transport. Health & Place, 58, 1-5.

Maruthaveeran, S., & Konijnendijk, C. (2014). A socio-ecological exploration of fear of crime in urban green spaces- a systematic review. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 13(1),1–18.

Pitts, A. (2004). The Aboriginal Housing Company’s Community Safety Plans for the Redevelopment of the Block, Redfern, Proceedings of the 9th Annual International CPTED Conference. Risdiana, D., & Susanto, T. (2019). The Safe City: Conceptual Model Development - A Systematic Literature Review. Procedia Computer Science,161,291-299.

Schuilenburg, M., & Peeters, R. (2018). Smart Cities and the Architecture of Security: Pastoral Power and the Scripted Design of Public Space. City, Territory and Architecture, 5(1), 1-10.

Stark, R. (1987). Deviant places: a theory of the ecology of crime, criminology, 25(4), 893-909.

Van Soomeren, P. (2013). Tackling Crime and Fear of Crime through Urban Planning and Architecture Design, Elsevier, Crime Prevention through Environmental Design, (3^th Ed.). Amesterdam: Sage Publication.

Zhao, X., & Tang, J. (2018). Crime in Urban Areas: A Data Mining Perspective. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 20(1), 1–12.