Explaining the Factors Affecting on the Environmental Ethical Behavior of Villagers According to Experts of Jihad Agriculture and Environmental Organizations in Khuzestan Province

Subject Areas : Agricultural Extension and Education Research

mohammad reza  siedi ¹ (PhD. student, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Rural, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Khuzestan, Iran)
masoud  baradaran ² (Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Rural, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Khuzestan, Iran)
masoud  Yazdanpanah ³ (Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Rural, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Khuzestan, Iran)

Received: 2019-11-09 Accepted : 2020-06-18 Published : 2020-05-21

Keywords: Food security, Environmental Ethical Behavior, Khuzestan Province,

Abstract :

The instability of production and the reduction of food security have been the result of man's profitable use of nature's capacities. In the field of environmental protection, the behavior of human beings as a key factor in the formation of environmental problems is irrefutable. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to identify the factors influencing the ethical behavior of the villagers, according to Experts of Jihad Agriculture and Environmental Organizations in Khuzestan Province using Grounded Theory method. In this method, coding is a basic technique for data analysis that has a three-step process and includes: Open Coding, Axial Coding and Selective Coding. In the Open coding phase, after conducting 10 in-depth interviews with employees of Jihad-Agriculture Organization and Khuzestan Province Environmental Organization, Line-by-line analysis was used to analyze the findings. Then the sentences and paragraphs were broken down into concepts. In the Axial coding stage of the categories, three categories: Political factors "," environmental ethics Perspective "and" educational factors "were identified as the main categories. Finally, the research paradigm model was drawn, considering the main categories under the terms casual condition, the cynicism of the villagers and the educators about each other as interventionist conditions, drought and lack of fallow as background, and necessary strategies to implement ethical behavior with the environment and their its associated consequences among the villagers, were formulated.

References:

جوکار، گ .، و میردامادی، م . ( 1389 ). دیدگاه دانش آموزان دبیرستان های شهرستان شیراز نسبت به حفاظت از محیط­زیست. مجله پژوهش­های ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، سال 3، شماره 1، صص 14-1.

ده­یوری، س.، و فرج­اله حسینی، س. ج. (1388). بررسی تأثیر تولید و پذیرش محصولات نانو فناوری بر کشاورزی پایدار از دیدگاه محققان کشاورزی. پژوهش­های ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، سال 9، شماره 2، صص 20-11.

رضایی، م.، و خدایی­مطلق، م. (1396). بررسی میزان آگاهی، نگرش و رفتار دانشجویان کشاورزی درباره توسعه پایدار. علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست، دوره 19، شماره 1، صص 195-181.

عینالی، ج.، کاظمی، ن.، چراغی، م.، و رابط، ع.ر. (1395). تحلیلی بر آگاهی و عملکرد زیستی کشاورزان در نواحی روستایی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان ارومیه). علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست، دوره 18، ویژه­نامه شماره 2، صص 395-405.

کارگر ده­بیدی، ن.، و طرازکار، م.ح. (1398). اثر سالخوردگی جمعیت بر آلودگی زیست محیطی در ایران. علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست، دوره 21، شماره 3. صص109-97.

کرمی، ع.، و کشاورز، م. (1394). ابعاد انسانی حفاظت از منابع طبیعی. مجله علوم ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ایران، جلد 11، شماره 2، صص 120-101.

محمودی، ح.، و ویسی، ه. (1384). ترویج و آموزش محیط­زیست، رهیافتی در حفاظت اصولی از محیط­زیست. مجله علوم محیطی، جلد 8، شماره 1، صص 64-57.

مکی­آبادی، ف.، لشکرآرا، ف.، و میردامادی، س م. (1395). نقش کشاورزی ارگانیک در امنیت غذایی از دیدگاه کارشناسان کشاورزی سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان تهران. پژوهش­های ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، سال 2، شماره 3، صص 14-1.

منتی­زاده، م.، زمانی، غ.، و غلامرضایی، س. (1394). واکاوی هنجار­های اخلاقی زیست­محیطی کشاورزان: مورد مطالعه کشاورزان شهرستان شیراز. مجله علوم ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ایران، جلد 11، شماره 2. صص 65-49.

منتی­زاده، م.، و زمانی، غ. (1391). تدوین مدل رفتار زیست­محیطی زارعان شهرستان شیراز. مجله علوم ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی ایران، جلد 8، شماره 2، صص 74-63.

نامدار، ر.، پزشکی­راد، غ.ر.، و صدیقی، ح. (1396). کاربرد تئوری بنیانی در مطالعه رفتار پایدار زیست محیطی کشاورزان؛ یک تحلیل اکتشافی. مجله تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران. دوره 2-48، شماره4، صص 609-597.

Ajzen, I., and Madden, T. (1986). Predictions of Goal-directed Behavior: Attitudes, Intentions and Perceived Behavioral Control. Journal of ExperimentalSocialPsychology, 22(5), 453-474.

Aklilu, N., Adisu, A., Desalegn, K., and Gebreegziabher, A. (2015) .Agricultural extension for enhancing productivity and poverty alleviation in small scale irrigation agriculture for sustainable development in Ethiopia African. Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(3), 171-183.

Azkia, M., EmaniJajarmi, H., and FarziZadeh, Z. (2011). Qualitative Research Methods. Utilizing Grounded Theory. Keyhan publication. 48(4): 597-609. (Persian).

De Anda, A., Conti, V. (2018). Acknowledging the skill needed to succeed. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 156(1), 87-88.

Diebel, P.L. (2008). Ethics and agriculture: A teaching perspective. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 33 (3), 303-310.

Englis, B.G., and Phillips, D.M. (2013). Does innovativeness drive environmentally conscious consumer behavior? Psychology and Marketing, 30(2), 160–172.

 

Gerring, J., and Yesnowitz, J. (2006). A Normative Turn in Political Science? Polity, 38(1), 101–133.

GreenCom (2001). Environmental Education and Communication (EE&C) for Behavior Change. Environmental Education and Communication (GreenCom) Project. Center for Environment in partnership with the Center for Human Capacity Development of the Bureau for Global Programs Academy for Educational Development. Retrieved from: http://www.usaid.gov/environment/greencom.

Kempster, S., and Parry, K. W. (2011). Grounded theory and leadership research: A critical realist perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 106-120.

Klöckner, C. A., and Blöbaum, A. (2010). A comprehensive action determination model: Toward a broader understanding of ecological behavior using the example of travel mode choice. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(1), 574–586.

Li, M., Fua, Q., Singh, V.P., Ji, Y., Liua, D., Zhang, Ch., Li., T. (2018). An optimal modelling approach for managing agricultural water-Tenergy-food nexus under uncertainty. Science of the Total Environment, 651(2). 1416–1434.

Mas-Tur, A., Pinazo, P., Tur-Porcar, A., Sánchez-Masferrer, M. (2015). What to avoid to succeed as an entrepreneur. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2279-2284.

Moeinaldini, J. (2007). Application of regional development policies, Lessons from the experience of developed countries. Journal of Political Science, 7(1), 71- 96 [In Persian].

 

Moeller, H. G. (2017). Hundun's Mistake: Satire and Sanity in the Zhuangzi. Philosophy East and West, 67(3), 783-800.

Namdar, R., Pezeshki rad, Gh., Sedighi, H. (2017). Application of Grounded Theory in the Study of Environmental Sustainable Behavior of Farmers; An exploratory analysis. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 2-48(4), 609-597. [In Persian].

Rezaei, R., Mianaji, S., and Ganjloo, A. (2018). Factors affecting farmers’ intention to engage in on-farm food safety practices in Iran: Extending the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Rural Studies, 60(1), 152-166. [In Persian].

Richardson, T. (2005). Environmental assessment and planning theory: four short stories about power, multiple rationality, and ethics. Environmental impact assessment review, 25(4), 341-365.

Roman, D., Osinski, M., Erdmann. R. (2017). Contaduría y Administración, 62(3), 985-1000.

Rosenhead, J. (2006). Past, present and future of problem structuring methods. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(7), 760-765.

Ruan, J., Zhou, Y. (2019). Regaining normality: A grounded theory study of the illness experiences of Chinese patients living with Crohn’s disease. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 93(1), 87-96.

Schwartz, S. H. (1975). The justice of need and the activation of humanitarian norms. Journal of Social Issues, 31(1), 111–136.

Struss, A., and Corbin, J. (2009). BiyookMohammadi. Basics of Qualitative Research Grounded Theory ,Techniques and Procedures.Tehran, Research Center of Human Science and Cultural Studies.(In Persian).

Strauss, A., and Corbin, J. (2011). Principles of qualitative research (techniques and stages of production of field theory). Translation by Ibrahim Afshar, Tehran: Nayer Rey (In Persian).

Swendiman, R. A., Hoffman, D. I., Bruce, A. N., Blinman, T. A., Nance, M. L., and Chou, C. M. (2019). Qualities and methods of highly effective surgical educators: a grounded theory model. Journal of surgical education, 76(5), 1293-1302.

36- Wang, Y., Liang, J., Yang, J., Ma, X., Li, X., Wu, J., Yang, G., Ren, G., Feng, Y. (2019). Analysis of the environmental behavior of farmers for non-point source pollution control and management: An integration of the theory of planned behavior and the protection motivation theory. Journal of Environmental Management. 237(1), 15-23.