The status of environmental NGOs’ literacy associated with educational levels
mona Hasanzade taleshi 1 , Samad Izadi 2 , کامران نصیراحمدی 3 , Meymanat Abedini 4 , mohsen ahmadpour 5
1 -
2 - Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran
3 - faculty of Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Behshahr, Mazandran, Iran
4 - Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Mazanradan, Iran
5 - Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran
Keywords: Environmental knowledge, Environmental non-governmental organizations, Innovation in education, Environmental Attitude, Environmental Behavior.,
Abstract :
Environmental Literacy as one of the main factors of environmental education can be defined as a new thought system in which knowledge, attitude and behavior, as well as individuals and social responsibility, should be developed according to and in full harmony with nature. Thus, the study of the environmental literacy components in communities and organizations is essential to modernize society. This study was conducted to identify the environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among individuals who were members of environmental non-government organizations (ENGOs). The survey was conducted on 115 individuals who were members of ENGOs. A standard questionnaire which included 45 questions was employed to investigate the environmental literacy levels of the individuals. Statistical comparisons of the results of the tests of environmental knowledge showed that the Environmental knowledge level was higher in individuals who had PhD than individuals who had master, bachelor and graduate degrees respectively, as well (p<0.001). Despite the difference in environmentally responsible behaviour between individuals in some environmental issues including the issues related to energy consumption and the study of material relating to environmental protection regarding education levels (p<0.05), there was no significant difference in many other environmental issues. Moreover, regarding education levels, there was not much difference in the environmental attitude of the individuals. Regarding education levels as a way of life, it can be concluded that education raises only the level of knowledge, but cannot make alone the desired results in terms of a more environmental attitude and behavior in individuals.
حمیدیان، ع. و حمیدیان، ا. (۱۳۹۱) ضرورت توجه به آموزش محیط زیست در دانشگاه. اولین همایش ملی آموزش و پرورش ایران ۱۴۰۱، تهران.
شبیری، م و عبداللهی، س (۱۳۹۰) نظریه ها و کاربرد آموزش محیط زیست. دانشگاه پیام نور تهران. 306 صفحه.
شبیری، م. و همتی، ز. (۱۳۹۵) بررسی رابطه آموزش محیطی با رفتار زیست محیطی (مطالعه موردی: شهروندان شهر شیراز). سومین همایش ملی محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی، پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری خوارزمی. شیراز، ایران
فدایی، ب. و سبزیانپور، ز. (۱۳۹۵) بررسی تاثیر آموزش های سازمان مردم نهاد بر میزان شناخت زیست محیطی دانش آموزان. سومین کنفرانس بین المللی نوآوری های اخیر در روانشناسی، مشاوره و علوم رفتاری. تهران.
لاهیجانیان، ع. (۱۳۹۱) آموزش محیط زیست. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران. 449 صفحه.
Abbaszadeh, M., Alavi, L., Bani-Fatemeh, H. and Alizadeh Aghdam, M. B. (2016) Structural modeling the impact of environmental experiments and environmental attitudes on environmental behavior. Journal of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, 13(1): 171-196.
Aghili, S. M., Khoushfar, G. R. and Salehi, S. (2009) Social capital and environmental responsible behaviours in the north of Iran (Case Study: Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces). Alavi Moghadam, S.M. R., and Delbari, A.S., 2009. Evaluation of knowledge of undergraduate students on solid waste management. Journal of Technology of Education. 3(4): 309-314.
Burton, R. J. (2014) The influence of farmer demographic characteristics on environmental behaviour: A review. Journal of environmental management, 135: 19-26.
Cavas, B., Cavas, P., Tekkaya, C., Cakiroglu, J. and Kesercioglu, T. (2009) Turkish Students' Views on Environmental Challenges with respect to Gender: An Analysis of ROSE Data. Science Education International, 20: 69-78.
Eilam, E. and Trop, T. (2012) Environmental attitudes and environmental behavior—which is the horse and which is the cart?. Sustainability, 4(9): 2210-2246.
Elahian, Z., Lahijanian, A. and Hagh Shenas, F., (2011) Efficiency indicators of state Environmental Agencies of Guarantee the Achievement of Environmental Sustainability. Journal of Human and Environment, 4: 37-50.
Erdogan, M. (2015) The Effect of Summer Environmental Education Program (SEEP) on Elementary School Students' Environmental Literacy. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 10(2): 165-181.
Erhabor, N. I. and Don, J. U. (2016) Impact of Environmental Education on the Knowledge and Attitude of Students towards the Environment. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(12): 5367-5375.
Farrokhian, F., Hosseinpour, M., and Soleimani, A. (2013) Analysis role of educational level in the middle school teachers' attitudes towards Criteria related to environmental education. Environmental education and sustainable development, 2(5):31-38.
Krnel, D. and Naglic, S. (2009) Environmental literacy comparison between eco-schools and ordinary schools in Slovenia. Science Education International, 20: 5-24.
Meiboudi, H., Karimzadegan, H. and Khalilnejad, S. M. R. (2011) Enhancing children's environmental awareness in kindergarten of Mashhad city using mural painting. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28: 1020-1028.
Mirdamadi, M., Bagheri Varkaneh, A. A., and Smaeili, S. (2010) Research on the degree of awareness of high school students about environmental protection (a case study in city of Tehran). Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 12(1): 201-216.
Mohseni Tabrizi, A.R. (2000) Theoretical and experimental foundations of vandalism: a review of the findings of a study. Journal of Social Sciences Letter, 16(16): 193-227.
Norris, E. and Juliet, D. (2016) Impact of environmental education on Knowledge and attitude of students towards the environment. Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 12: 367-375.
Park, H., Lee, H. and Cho, H. S. (2015) Perceptions of Korean NGOs for education and educational development projects. International Journal of Educational Development, 45: 31-41.
Rickinson, M. (2001) Learners and learning in environmental education: A critical review of the evidence. Environmental education research, 7(3): 207-320.
Schelly, C., Cross, J. E., Franzen, W., Hall, P. and Reeve, S. (2012) How to go green: Creating a conservation culture in a public high school through education, modeling, and communication. The Journal of Environmental Education, 43(3): 143-161.
Schumacher, I. (2015) The endogenous formation of an environmental culture. European Economic Review, 76: 200-221.
Simmons, D. (1995) The NAAEE Standards Project: Papers on the Development of Environmental Education Standards. North American Association for Environmental Education, PO Box 400, Troy, OH 45373.
Soltani, A., Sarjo, A. A., Khozani, A. D. and Rezaei, M. (2011) A Study of Attitudes Toward Science and Technology, School Science and Environmental Issues from 3 rd Grade Middle School Students of Isfahan City’Points of View. Research in Curriculum Planning, 8(30): 73-83.
Vahida, F. V., Jafarinia, G. H. and Afrooz, S. (2017) The Study of relationship of social activity with environmental behavior (The case study: Tehran residents). Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 5(4): 113-125. Volk, T. and McBeth, B., 1998. Environmental literacy in the United States: What should be..., What is..., Getting from here to there. A Report funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and submitted to the Environmental Education and Training Partnership, North American Association for Environmental Association. Washington, DC, EETAP/NAAEE, USA.
Yazdani, H. and Shams, A. (2016) The effect of social capital on the environmental behavior of villagers in Marivan city. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 4(4): 86-75.
