Screening and assessment of environmental effects an accumulation of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds

Subject Areas : New Finding in Agriculture

farzad Babaei ¹ , hosein Askari ² , abas Maleki ³ , hamed Chaharsoughi Amin ⁴

1 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام
2 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران
3 - استادیار علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام
4 - استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام

Received: 2015-12-02 Accepted : 2015-12-02 Published : 2009-11-22

Keywords: Screening, Chickpea, Environmental Effects, elements accumulation,

Abstract :

     This research aims to screening and assessment of environmental effects an accumulation of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seeds to determine to what extend the transition process are affected by environmental factors and to what extent it is determined by genetic causes. Two different experiments were performed: The first on the basis of Augment series (because the genotypes were enormous) and the second based on the Randomized complete block design in three replications in two agriculturally potent areas with different climates  in Ilam farms devoted to agricultural research. The results showed 85% of the genotypes had a similar behavior as to the transition of the four elements (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn). Elements transition was proved to be controlled by genetic rather than environmental factors. Inclusion of Feso4, ZnSo4, CuSo4 and MnSo4 treatment increased elements transition in 15% of genotypes, and when the treatment ceased, the transition process according to the genetic potential of the genotypes. Improving the seeds with regard to their ash led to an increase in the transition of all the elements mentioned. The transition rate could be recorded as follows: Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe with Zn recording the highest and Fe the lowest amount of transition. The accumulation of the four elements in chickpea seed had a synergist effect with Cu and Zn enjoying the highest and of the four elements in chickpea seed had a synergist effect with Cu and Zn enjoying the highest synergist effect (78%). The mineral Content among the genotypes ranged from 4 to 34 percent which is considered to be wide range. Correlations between seed ash and seed weight, and seed weight, and seed ash and the summation of the ions were 84% and 51% respectively, being significant at 1% finally, the results of the two experiments showed that the 1-12/54721/D genotype was the most suitable genotype with regard to the Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn content and the amount of ash.

References:

1- باقری، ع.، نظامی، ا.، گنجعلی، ع. و پارسا، م. 1376. زارعت و اصلاح نخود، ترجمه، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد .

2- رحیم زاده خوئی، ف. و کاظمی، ح. 1362. شناخت نخود، انتشارات، دانشگاه تبریز.

3- سرمدنیا، غ. 1375. تکنولوژی بذر. ترجمه، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد .

4- علی آبادی‌زاده، ک. 1361. حبوبات و موارد مصرف آن. انتشارات بخش تحقیقات حبوبات موسسه اصلاح تهیه نهال و بذر.

5- Abbo, S., Grusak, M. A., Tzuk, T. and Reifen, R .2000. Genetic control of seed weight and calcium concentration in chickpea seed. Plant Breeding 119:427–431, 2000.

6- Beebe, S., Gonzalez, A. V. and Rengifo, J. 1999. Research on trace minerals in common bean, in Improving human nutrition through agriculture: the role of international agricultural research. A workshop hosted by the International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines and organized by the International Food Policy Research Institute. 5-7 October.

7- Cakmak, I., Kalayci, M., Ekiz, H., Braun, H. J., Kilinc, Y. and Yilmaz, A. 1999. Zn deficiency as a practical problem in plant and human nutrition in Turkey: a NATO-Science for stability project. Field Crop Res 60: 175–188

8- Chaney, R. L. 1993. Zinc phytotoxicity. In A.D. Robson (ed.) Zinc in Soils and Plants. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht. pp. 135-150.

9- Frossard, E., Condron, L. M., Oberson, A., Sinaj, S. and Fardeau. J. C. 2000. Processes governing phosphorus availability in temperate soils. J. Environ. Qual.,29: 15-23.

10- Graham, R. D. and Welch, R. 1996. Breeding for staple food crops with high micronutrient density. Agricultural strategies for micronutrients. Working paper 3. International Food Policy Research Institute, WashingtonDC.

11- Gregorio, G. B., Senadhira, D., Htut, H. and Graham, R. D. 1999. Improving micronutrient value of rice for human health, in Im-proving human nutrition through agriculture: the role of international agricultural research. A workshop hosted by the International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines and organized by the International Food Policy Research Institute, 5-7 October.

12- Grusak, M. A. 2000. Strategies for improving the iron nutritional quality of  seed crops: lessons learned from the study of unique iron-hyperaccumulating pea mutants. Pisum Genet 32:1–5

13- Grusak, M.  A. and Pomper, K. W. 1999. Influence of pod stomatal density and pod transpiration on the calcium concentration of snap bean pods. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 124, 194–198.

14- Kabata-Pendias, A. and Pendias, H. 1992. Trace elements in soils and plants–Second edition: CRC Press, 365 p.

15 -katyal, S. C.  and Rawdhawa,  N. S . 1986. Microelements .ferilizer and plant nutrition bulletin, no 7.

16- Kramer, P. J. and Boyer, J. S. 1995. Water relations of plants and soils. Academy Press, Inc., San   Diego, CA.

17- Long,  J.  and Ba Ènziger, M. 1999. The potential for increasing Fe and Zn density of maize through plant breeding, in Improving human nutrition through agriculture: the role of international agricultural research. A workshop hosted by the International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines and organized by the International Food Policy Research Institute, 5-7 October.

18- Martvedt, J. J, COX, F. R., Shuan, L. M.  and Welch. R. M.  1991. Micronutrients in agireuture. Second Edition. Soil science society of American, Inc. Madisom, Wiseconisin , USA .

19- McGrath, S. 1994. Resource Information from the GIS. A report on soils, cropping, irrigation and watertables for the Warroo Landcare Group Area, 1990 – 1993. NSW Agriculture, Forbes, NSW.

20- Nielsen, F. H. 1996. How should dietary guidance be given for mineral elements with beneficial actions or suspected of being essential? J. Nutr. 126: 2377S-2385S.

21- Nijjar. G. S. and Chopra, H. R. 1990. Studies on the irrigation of grape (Vitis venifera) Variety anab- e- shahi. Punjab. Horticaltural Journal. 4. 218- 227.

22- Price, A. H. and Hendry, G. A. F. 1991. Iron-catalysed oxygen radicalformation and its possible contribution to drought damage in nine native grasses and three cereals. Plant, Cell and Environment 14:477-484.

23- Singh, J. P., Karamanos, R. E. and Stewart, J. W. B. 1986. Phosphorus- induced zinc deficiency in wheat on residual phosphorus plots. Agronomy Jaurnal, 78: 668- 675.

24- Tondon, H. L. S. 1995. Micronutrients in Soil, Crop and Fertilizer. A sourcebook Driecter. Fertilizer Development and Consulation Organization, New Delhi, India.

25- Wang, T. L., Claire Domoney, C., Hedley, L., Casey, R. and Michael, A. 2003. Can We Improve the Nutritional Quality of Legume Seeds? 131: 886-891.

26- Woolhouse, H. W. 1983. Toxicity and tolerance of plants to heavy metals. Encycl. Plant Physiol., 12:246-300.